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{
    "localId": "108743",
    "label": "Pendant with the Virgin and Child",
    "core": "obj",
    "dtoType": "object"
}

{
    "id": "108743",
    "contentType": "object",
    "title": "Pendant with the Virgin and Child",
    "description": "This pendant was made in the Rhine-Meuse region—now in modern Belgium—renowned for the production of fine metalwork objects, especially enamels. An enamel plaque depicting the enthroned Virgin and Christ child dominates the pendant. Four peripheral enamels depict angelic figures representing virtues: Humility, Virginity, Piety, and Mercy, each identified by an inscription. The pendant may have been made to serve as a reliquary to house a consecrated host. The refined craftsmanship and costly materials fittingly honor these sacred remains.",
    "date": "c. 1160–1170",
    "citation": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.428",
    "rights": "CC0",
    "rightsUri": "CC0",
    "language": "en",
    "wikidata": [
        "Q60755694"
    ],
    "creators": [
        9532
    ],
    "genreSpecific": [
        "Enamel"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_web.jpg",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_web.jpg",
    "largeImageUrl": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_web.jpg",
    "imageCount": 1,
    "source": "import",
    "dimensionsRaw": "Overall: 19.8 x 17 x 3.2 cm (7 13/16 x 6 11/16 x 1 1/4 in.)",
    "cul": [
        "Mosan, Meuse Valley, Romanesque period, 12th century"
    ],
    "accession": "1926.428"
}

{
    "tec": "gilded copper, champlevé enamel; the reverse decorated in vernis brun",
    "tombstone": "Pendant with the Virgin and Child, c. 1160–1170. Circle of Godefroid de Huy (Netherlandish). Gilded copper, champlevé enamel; the reverse decorated in vernis brun; overall: 19.8 x 17 x 3.2 cm (7 13/16 x 6 11/16 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1926.428",
    "collection": "MED - Romanesque",
    "inscriptions": [
        {
            "inscription": "S[AN]C[T]A MARIA MATER D[OMI]NI",
            "inscription_remark": "Around the Virgin Mary in the central panel."
        },
        {
            "inscription": "HVMILITAS; VIRGINITAS; MISERICORDIA; PIETAS",
            "inscription_translation": "Virtues: Humility, Chastity, Mercy, Piety",
            "inscription_remark": "With each angel from top to bottom and right to left, starting with the right shoulder of the Virgin."
        }
    ],
    "didYouKnow": "The outer lobes contain cabochons, gemstones that have been shaped and polished resulting in a rounded top and flat bottom, of garnet, glass, and quartz.",
    "citations": [
        {
            "citation": "Roddaz, Camille de. <em>Les merveilles de l'art ancien en Belgique; ou, L'Art ancien à l'exposition nationale de 1880.</em> Bruxelles: Rozez, 1890.",
            "page_number": "p. 17"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Hôtel Drouot. <em>Objets d'art et de haute curiositʹe</em>. 1890.",
            "page_number": "p. 7, no. 1"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Migeon, G. \"La collection de M.G. Chalandon,\" <em>Les Arts</em> (June, 1905).",
            "page_number": "pp. 20 & 26"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Ricci, Seymour de. <em>Exposition d'objects d'art du moyen age et de la Renaissance; tires des collections particulieres de la France et de l'etranger organisee par la Marquise de Ganay a l'ancien Hotel De Sagen (Mai-Juin 1913).</em> Paris: Emile Levy, 1913.",
            "page_number": "pl. XLVI"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Early Enamels in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Connoisseur</em> (October 1926).",
            "page_number": "pp. 67-8"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Milliken, William M. \"A Reliquary of Champlevé Enamel from the Valley of the Meuse the J. H. Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 14, no. 4 (1927).",
            "page_number": "pp. 51-4",
            "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137017"
        },
        {
            "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.",
            "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15",
            "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n19"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. <em>Arts of the Middle Ages</em>; A Loan Exhibition, February 17 to March 24, 1940. Boston, Mass: Museum of Fine Arts, 1940.",
            "page_number": "no. 244"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108",
            "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91; Reproduced: p. 97",
            "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Bates, Kenneth F., and Laurence Schmeckebier. <em>Enameling: Principles and Practice.</em> Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1951.",
            "page_number": "p. 86, fig. 47"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Milliken, William. \"Four Champlevé Enamel Panels.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>38, no. 4 (April 1951): 72-74.",
            "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72",
            "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141704"
        },
        {
            "citation": "J. de Borchgrave d'Altena, \"Émaux Mosans du XIIe Siècle,\" <em>Reflects du Monde</em> 3 (1952).",
            "page_number": "p. 11"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration, and Everett Parker Lesley. <em>Enamel, An Historic Survey to the Present Day.</em> 1954.",
            "page_number": "no. 27, fig. 3."
        },
        {
            "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
            "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 108",
            "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n33"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Lowry, Bates.<em> The Visual Experience: An Introduction to Art. </em>Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961.",
            "page_number": "p. 180"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Verdier, Philippe \"Un monument inédit de l'art mosan de XIIe siècle,\" <em>Revue Belge</em> XXX (1961).",
            "page_number": "p. 127, 131, fig. 8"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Bober, Harry \"Medieval Art at Cleveland\" <em>Apollo</em> LXXVII no. 22 (1963).",
            "page_number": "pp. 448, 454"
        },
        {
            "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
            "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49",
            "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n73"
        },
        {
            "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
            "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49",
            "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n71"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Gauthier, Marie-Madeleine. <em>Émaux du moyen âge occidental. </em>[Paris]: Office du livre, 1973.",
            "page_number": "pp. 138-9, 352, no. 96"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Kunsthalle Köln, Schnütgen-Museum, Belgium, and Musées royaux d'art et d'histoire (Belgium).<em> Rhein Und Maas</em>, Kunst Und Kultur, 800-1400. Eine Ausstellung Des Schnütgen-Museums Der Stadt Köln Und Der Belgischen Ministerien Für Französische Und Niederländische Kultur, Vom 14. Mai Bis 23. Juli 1972 in Der Kunsthalle Köln, Vom 15. September Bis 31. Oktober 1972 in Den Königlichen Museen Ür Kunst Und Geschichte in Brüssel. Köln: [Schnütgen-Museum], 1972.",
            "page_number": "pp. 211, 213, figs. 26-7"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Verdier, Philippe \"Emaux Mosans et Rheno-mosans dans les collections des Etats-Unis,\" <em>Revue Belge</em> XLIV (1975).",
            "page_number": "pp. 66-9"
        },
        {
            "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
            "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53",
            "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n73"
        },
        {
            "citation": "<em>Cahiers de Civilization Medievale</em> XXI° Année no. 2 (April-June 1978).",
            "page_number": "fig. 18"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Verdier, Philippe \"The Twelfth-Century Chasse of St. Ode from Amay,\" <em>Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch</em>, (1981).",
            "page_number": "p. 26, fig. 26"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Kaelble, Brigitte. <em>Untersuchungen zur grossfigurigen Plastik des Samsonmeisters.</em> Düsseldorf: Schwann, 1981."
        },
        {
            "citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"The Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (1985).",
            "page_number": "pp. 62-3, fig. 69",
            "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Kroos, Renate. <em>Der Schrein des Heiligen Servatius in Maastricht und die vier zugehörigen Reliquiare in Brüssel. </em>München: Kommissionsverleger Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1985.",
            "page_number": "pp. 117, 130"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Brown University, and David Winton Bell Gallery (Brown University). <em>Survival of the Gods: Classical Mythology in Medieval Art</em> : an Exhibition by the Department of Art, Brown University, Bell Gallery, List Art Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, February 28-March 29, 1987. Providence, R.I.: The Department, 1987.",
            "page_number": "no. 64"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Tekippe, Rita, and Christine Verzar. <em>Procession, Piety, and Politics: Three Medieval Rheno-Mosan Reliquary Shrines and the Cult Communities for Bishop-Saints Servatius of Maastricht, Eleutherius of Tournai, and Remaclus of Stavelot</em>. Dissertation Abstracts International. 60-05. 1999. ."
        },
        {
            "citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. München: Hirmer, 2007.",
            "page_number": "p. 132-3, no. 44"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.",
            "page_number": "p. 136-7, cat. no. 45"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages.</em> Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.",
            "page_number": "p. 70, fig. 59"
        },
        {
            "citation": "George, Philippe. <em>L'Oeuvre de la Meuse: Orfèvrerie mosane XIIe et XIIIe siècle.</em> [Namur : Institut du Patrimoine Wallonie: Trésor de Liège : Archéoforum, 2014.",
            "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 114-118, p;.15",
            "url": "http://www.europaethesauri.eu/files/CatalogueOeuvreMeuse.pdf"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Chaganti, S. <em>Medieval Poetics of the Reliquary: Enshrinement, Inscription, Performance.</em> [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016."
        },
        {
            "citation": "George, Philippe, and Nigel Morgan. Orfèvrerie septentrionale, XIIe et XIIIe siècle. Namur : Institut du Patrimoine Wallon, 2016.",
            "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119"
        },
        {
            "citation": "George, Philippe. <em>Art et Patrimoine en Wallonie des Origines à 1789: Essai de Synthèse à la Lumière des Collections Américaines et Européennes. </em>Namur: Institut du Patrimoine Wallon, 2017. N6969 .W3 G46 2017",
            "page_number": "Reproduced; p. [130]"
        },
        {
            "citation": "Rácz, Bernát. <em>The Twelfth-Century Mosan Reliquary of Pétermonostora.</em> Bicester: Archaeopress Archaeology, 2025.",
            "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 77-79, fig. 73; p. 85-88, fig. 80"
        }
    ],
    "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.428",
    "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund",
    "updatedAt": "2026-05-29 05:49:01.020000",
    "imageUrl": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_print.jpg",
    "sourceId": 108743,
    "dept": "Medieval Art",
    "coll": "MED - Romanesque",
    "med": "gilded copper, champlevé enamel; the reverse decorated in vernis brun",
    "creatorTags": [
        "male"
    ],
    "thumbnail_url": null,
    "image_url": null
}

{
    "seq": 1,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_web.jpg",
    "mediaId": "a726e24015448a12"
}