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Source Description
Hats of different types, sizes, and materials figure prominently in the Lega people’s Bwami association where they indicate status and rank. Cone-shaped hats made of canvas covered with cowrie shells and surmounted by an elephant tail are worn during initiations into <em>kindi</em>, the highest of the five male grades. This prestige cap uses a variety of local and imported materials to show its wearer's importance. The plant fibers that support the hat and the elephant hair were sourced in Central Africa, while the beads and cowrie shells were imported. The beads were made in Europe, while the cowrie shells came from the Indian Ocean region. The might of Bwami members is likened to the elephant’s potentially destructive strength.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
164433
label
Bwami Prestige Cap (Mukuba or Nkumbu)
core
obj
dtoType
object
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
164433
contentType
object
title
Bwami Prestige Cap (Mukuba or Nkumbu)
description
Hats of different types, sizes, and materials figure prominently in the Lega people’s Bwami association where they indicate status and rank. Cone-shaped hats made of canvas covered with cowrie shells and surmounted by an elephant tail are worn during initiations into <em>kindi</em>, the highest of the five male grades. This prestige cap uses a variety of local and imported materials to show its wearer's importance. The plant fibers that support the hat and the elephant hair were sourced in Central Africa, while the beads and cowrie shells were imported. The beads were made in Europe, while the cowrie shells came from the Indian Ocean region. The might of Bwami members is likened to the elephant’s potentially destructive strength.
date
early to mid-1900s
citation
rights
CC0
rightsUri
CC0
language
en
wikidata
Q79992023
genreSpecific
Garment
imageCount
1
source
import
dimensionsRaw
Overall: 52.1 x 21.6 x 39.4 cm (20 1/2 x 8 1/2 x 15 1/2 in.)
cul
Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lega-style maker
accession
2005.56
Source extras
tec
Plant fibers, elephant rawhide and hair, cowrie shells, glass beads, and cord
tombstone
Bwami Prestige Cap (Mukuba or Nkumbu), early to mid-1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lega-style maker. Plant fibers, elephant rawhide and hair, cowrie shells, glass beads, and cord; overall: 52.1 x 21.6 x 39.4 cm (20 1/2 x 8 1/2 x 15 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 2005.56
collection
African Art
didYouKnow
While identified with Africa, cowrie shells were generally imported from the Indian Ocean region. After being collected near the Maldives islands, these Indo-Pacific shells entered parts of Africa via overseas trade routes.
citations
citation
Petridis, Constantine. "New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art". African Arts. (44) No. 1, Spring 2011. Pg. 57, Fig. 5.
citation
Arnoldi, Mary Jo, Christine Mullen Kreamer, and University of California, Los Angeles Fowler Museum of Cultural History. 1995. <em>Crowning Achievements : African Arts of Dressing the Head</em>. Los Angeles, Calif: Fowler Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles, p. 155, fig. 8.16.
citation
Ross, Doran H, and University of California, Los Angeles Fowler Museum of Cultural History. 1992. <em>Elephant : The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture</em>. Los Angeles, Calif., USA: Fowler Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles, p. 294, fig. 14.1.
citation
Petridis, Constantine. "Good and Beautiful." <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>46, no. 7 (September 2006): 7-11.
page_number
Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8
citation
Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yaëlle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel.<em> The language of beauty in African art.</em> 2022.
creditline
Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund
updatedAt
2026-05-29 08:31:46.408000
sourceId
164433
dept
African Art
coll
African Art
med
Plant fibers, elephant rawhide and hair, cowrie shells, glass beads, and cord
thumbnail_url
image_url
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
photo
mediaId
fddbbf90308f6f5b