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Source Description
The Liangzhu culture, one of the later Neolithic cultures of East China, excelled in jade working. Exceptionally large versions like this disc are rare and usually occupied pride of place on the chest of the buried. Traditionally called <em>bi</em>, these plain discs, together with <em>cong</em>, squared cylinders, form an essential ritual pair in Liangzhu burials of high-status individuals.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
98298
label
Ceremonial Disc (Bi)
core
obj
dtoType
object
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
98298
contentType
object
title
Ceremonial Disc (Bi)
description
The Liangzhu culture, one of the later Neolithic cultures of East China, excelled in jade working. Exceptionally large versions like this disc are rare and usually occupied pride of place on the chest of the buried. Traditionally called <em>bi</em>, these plain discs, together with <em>cong</em>, squared cylinders, form an essential ritual pair in Liangzhu burials of high-status individuals.
date
3300–2200 BCE
rights
CC0
rightsUri
CC0
language
en
wikidata
Q60762869
genreSpecific
Jade
imageCount
1
source
import
dimensionsRaw
Diameter: 32 cm (12 5/8 in.); Overall: 1 cm (3/8 in.); Inner diameter: 5.4 cm (2 1/8 in.)
cul
East China, Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture (3300–2200 BCE)
accession
1917.974
Source extras
tec
jade (nephrite)
tombstone
Ceremonial Disc (Bi) (玉璧), 3300–2200 BCE. East China, Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture (3300–2200 BCE). Jade (nephrite); diameter: 32 cm (12 5/8 in.); overall: 1 cm (3/8 in.); inner diameter: 5.4 cm (2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1917.974
titleInOriginalLanguage
玉璧
collection
China - Neolithic
citations
citation
Wilson, J. Keith. "Lithic Art in the Bronze Age: A Jade Dagger-Axe." <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 1 (January 1990): 2–35.
page_number
Reproduced: back cover; Mentioned: pp. 3–4, 31
citation
Wilson, J. Keith, and Anne E. Wardwell. “New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland’s Recent Chinese Acquisitions.” <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 8 (October 1994): 270–347.
page_number
Mentioned: cat. no. 3, p. 346
citation
Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China’s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.
page_number
Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 94–95, no. 2
creditline
Worcester R. Warner Collection
updatedAt
2026-05-29 05:18:15.704000
sourceId
98298
dept
Chinese Art
coll
China - Neolithic
med
jade (nephrite)
thumbnail_url
image_url
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
photo
mediaId
95861d51643311cb