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20 21 from contaminating the atmosphere. Patients who are of taking care of the wounded during and after an engage- able to rise from their beds should eat in adjoining rooms ment, your Committee presents the following directions or tents. The wards of the hospitals should be divided given by M. Scrive to the medical officers of the French into three classes, viz: surgical, medical, and convalescent. army in June, 1855 : 'At the ambulance of the trenches To every division of one hundred beds there should be at shall be assembled before the battle the non-combatant sol- least one ward superintendent and six orderly men. When diers-the musicians of the regiment for example, with the the hospital is prepared, the compound fractures should be infirmary men disposable in the different services. One or placed in the most accessible wards, and injuries of the several officers of administration will direct them in the same character should be placed in the same wards. trenches to take up the wounded, and transport them to When wine or spirits are directed, the surgeon should see the ambulance. An officer of administration having a fixed them administered. To preserve the purity of the air, position at the ambulance, will attend to placing the wounded, the wards should be frequently whitewashed with lime. on their arrival, in an order always the same, and determined The adjacent grounds should be well drained, and the beforehand to avoid confusion. The visits to the wounded sewers should be frequently flushed. Excretions should shall be made by one or more surgeons, assisted by two or be as soon as possible removed from the wards. The tem- more infirmary men carrying dressings, &c. ; one of these porary hospitals attached to camps are subject to terrible last will inscribe the name of the patient, his regiment, mishaps. Bazancourt speaks in the following terms of the and his matriculated number. The surgeon will determine effects of a hurricane upon the frail structure used as a whether the wound requires to be dressed immediately, or military hospital by the French army in the Crimea: "The if the patient can be at once transported to the ambulance ambulance barracks are shattered by the fury of the wind; of the division. In the first place, the wound may be and whilst their roofs, carried up in the air, whirl around dressed on the spot, or if an immediate operation is re- and disappear, the broken timbers fall upon the wounded quired, the patient may be conveyed into the operating and the sick, whose beds are overturned into the pools of room. After the dressing or operation, the patient may be rain which inundate them. Most of the patients are unable placed upon the litter or ambulance cart. Where four to to move, being quite prostrated by illness, or by severe six wounded persons are ready, they shall be conveyed to- wounds, and lie waiting with resignation that which the gether to the ambulance of the division ; and in these little will of God may determine respecting them." successive journeys, the muleteers, under the direction of In the French army in the Crimea each ambulance for ten an officer commanding the train, shall betake themselves to thousand men had three caissons, containing materials for the ambulance, whose number shall have been designated six thousand dressings, and eighteen complete tents. Fly- by the military sub-intendant or his aid, who shall mark ing ambulances on mules' backs were provided for regions upon the list of vacant places, at the different stationary where carriages could not go. As an example of the manner ambulances, the names of the wounded whom he will send

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This item is a report issued by a committee on military surgery to the surgical section of the New York Academy of Medicine regarding military hygiene and therapeutics. The report was printed for circulation by the U.S. Sanitary Commission.

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    "ocrText": "20\n21\nfrom contaminating the atmosphere. Patients who are\nof taking care of the wounded during and after an engage-\nable to rise from their beds should eat in adjoining rooms\nment, your Committee presents the following directions\nor tents. The wards of the hospitals should be divided\ngiven by M. Scrive to the medical officers of the French\ninto three classes, viz: surgical, medical, and convalescent.\narmy in June, 1855 : 'At the ambulance of the trenches\nTo every division of one hundred beds there should be at\nshall be assembled before the battle the non-combatant sol-\nleast one ward superintendent and six orderly men. When\ndiers-the musicians of the regiment for example, with the\nthe hospital is prepared, the compound fractures should be\ninfirmary men disposable in the different services. One or\nplaced in the most accessible wards, and injuries of the\nseveral officers of administration will direct them in the\nsame character should be placed in the same wards.\ntrenches to take up the wounded, and transport them to\nWhen wine or spirits are directed, the surgeon should see\nthe ambulance. An officer of administration having a fixed\nthem administered. To preserve the purity of the air,\nposition at the ambulance, will attend to placing the wounded,\nthe wards should be frequently whitewashed with lime.\non their arrival, in an order always the same, and determined\nThe adjacent grounds should be well drained, and the\nbeforehand to avoid confusion. The visits to the wounded\nsewers should be frequently flushed. Excretions should\nshall be made by one or more surgeons, assisted by two or\nbe as soon as possible removed from the wards. The tem-\nmore infirmary men carrying dressings, &c. ; one of these\nporary hospitals attached to camps are subject to terrible\nlast will inscribe the name of the patient, his regiment,\nmishaps. Bazancourt speaks in the following terms of the\nand his matriculated number. The surgeon will determine\neffects of a hurricane upon the frail structure used as a\nwhether the wound requires to be dressed immediately, or\nmilitary hospital by the French army in the Crimea: \"The\nif the patient can be at once transported to the ambulance\nambulance barracks are shattered by the fury of the wind;\nof the division. In the first place, the wound may be\nand whilst their roofs, carried up in the air, whirl around\ndressed on the spot, or if an immediate operation is re-\nand disappear, the broken timbers fall upon the wounded\nquired, the patient may be conveyed into the operating\nand the sick, whose beds are overturned into the pools of\nroom. After the dressing or operation, the patient may be\nrain which inundate them. Most of the patients are unable\nplaced upon the litter or ambulance cart. Where four to\nto move, being quite prostrated by illness, or by severe\nsix wounded persons are ready, they shall be conveyed to-\nwounds, and lie waiting with resignation that which the\ngether to the ambulance of the division ; and in these little\nwill of God may determine respecting them.\"\nsuccessive journeys, the muleteers, under the direction of\nIn the French army in the Crimea each ambulance for ten\nan officer commanding the train, shall betake themselves to\nthousand men had three caissons, containing materials for\nthe ambulance, whose number shall have been designated\nsix thousand dressings, and eighteen complete tents. Fly-\nby the military sub-intendant or his aid, who shall mark\ning ambulances on mules' backs were provided for regions\nupon the list of vacant places, at the different stationary\nwhere carriages could not go. As an example of the manner\nambulances, the names of the wounded whom he will send"
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