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{
    "localId": "24325425",
    "label": "Report S: Hints for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, in Camps, Transports, and Hospitals",
    "core": "doc",
    "dtoType": "document",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425"
}

{
    "id": "24325425",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "Report S: Hints for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, in Camps, Transports, and Hospitals",
    "description": "This item is an essay that provides advice regarding the control and prevention of infectious diseases in camps, transports, and hospitals. Diseases referred to include smallpox, measles, typhus fever, cholera, and yellow fever.",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425",
    "collections": [
        "Records of the American National Red Cross",
        "Reports, Essays, and Other Issuances"
    ],
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{
    "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24325425",
    "naId": 24325425,
    "levelOfDescription": "item",
    "productionDates": [
        {
            "logicalDate": "1863-01-01",
            "year": 1863
        }
    ],
    "recordType": "description",
    "ocrSource": "nara-archive"
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{
    "seq": 13,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "photo",
    "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/25/3254/24325425/content/dc-metro/anrc/6014936/box-1/hd1-105422032-013-ac.jpg",
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    "ocrText": "26\n27\nwill be attained in personal health and comfort, no less\nSanitary Regulations for Soldiers upon Transports.-\n2d. Sanitary\nthan in respect of protection against endemial and infec-\ngovernment of\nPrevious to embarkation upon outward voyages, there\nsoldiers n\ntious agencies, by the habit of daily ablution of the entire\ntransports.\nshould be an inspection to prevent any infectious or other\nCloacal ar- body. Water-closets and spouts must be amply sufficient\nrangements.\nimportant disease from being brought on board, and every\nand properly arranged, even for short voyages, or the most\nman should be vaccinated, or exhibit evidence of previous\nImportance of\nVentilation.\noffensive sources of disease will be sure to exist. Ventila-\na preliminary in-\nvaccination. In embarking sick and wounded men, the\nspection: Vaccin-\nation.\ntion : A transport should have means of effective through\nsame vigilant caution should be exercised to exclude infec-\nand through ventilation, from the bows to the stern, and\ntious diseases from the transport and when any infectious\nImportance of\nseparate trans-\nfrom the upper deck to the keelson, and this is provided in\nmalady must be transported by water, a special compart-\nportation for pa-\ntients with infec-\nsome measure by the ship's hatches, gangways, and counter-\nment, or an entire ship, should be provided exclusively for\ntious maladies.\nports; but the special improvements or works for ventila-\nthat purpose. The practical importance of these rules\ntion in ordinary transports, consist mainly in greatly in-\ncannot be over estimated when typhus and hospital gan-\nThere must be\ncreasing the area and the places of egress for foul air :\ngrene are rife. The question as to which part of a trans-\nample means of\negress for foul air.\nThis is best effected, temporarily, by increasing the area\nport should be selected for the isolation of infectious cases\nSection of a\ntransport best\nof the windows and air-shafts at the stern, and, if ad-\nof disease, may best be determined by the officers in charge.\nadapted for \"sick\nbay\" or hospital.\nmissible, elsewhere. The ingress of fresh air is easily\nDr. Robert Jackson recommends the section under the bows\nprovided for after establishing the channels and amount of\nof the ship; and, in a sailing vessel, that may be best: but\nWind-sails,\nhow outlet. Wind-sails for ingress can be multiplied indefinitely,\nin transports, propelled by steam, the stern of the ship is\nextemporized.\nand when no properly made wind-sails are at hand, any\nprobably best. It is particularly important that the sick-\nsailor can rig studding-sails for the same purpose. Each\nbay or hospital have a separate gangway, and ready access\nEach deck\nto deck must have its independent channels for supply of fresh\nto the galley ; also, that it be furnished with a portable\nhave indepen-\ndent channels\nof air, and for the egress of foul air. The lower or closed decks\nculinary apparatus, and with air-tight close stools. And\nsupply and egress\nfor air : the area\nof steamship transports, should have shafts or areas of out-\nespecially must the sick-bay have independent and ample\nof egress to be not\nless than 4 sq. ft.\nlet for foul air, at least equal to four square feet for every\nmeans of ventilation, and be suitably lighted. Personal\nVital import-\nto 100 passengers.\n100 men. The total area of the fresh-air inlets should con-\ncleanliness, and rigid sanitary police, in all that affects\nance of rigid dis-\ncipline and sani-\nsiderably exceed that of the foul-air ortlets ; and upon the\npersonal habits, clothing, diet, and exercise, are so pe-\ntary police.\nproper adjustment of the outlets and the intelligent manage-\nculiarly important on shipboard, that all regulations and\nment of the inlets depends the problem of extemporized\npenalties relating to this subject, should be rigidly enforced.\nmeans of ventilation in ships. The estimate given above, will\nAny inattention to these things, on the part of medical\nPerils of relax-\nPro rata\nply of air,\nsup- how provide 1,000 cubic feet of fresh air per hour to each man,\nofficers, and any letting down of military and police au- ty.\ning such authori-\nestimated.\nin a vessel sailing five knots an hour; but, if no special out-\nthority, might prove more fatal than the casualties of a\nlets are provided, even twice the number of wind-sails, all\nbattle-field. The special management of the sources of in-\ninjecting, would fail even to supply at the rate of 100 cubic\nfection, whether they be indigenous, or introduced, upon\nfeet per hour. So simple are the principles of naval ven-\nPrinciples of\ntransports, should conform to the principles that have been\nnaval ventilation\ntilation, that with the aid of an intelligent shipmaster, tem-\nare simple.\nstated in the former part of this paper and it is vitally im-\nThe sanitary\nporary means for effectual ventilation may be instituted\nportant that there should be the greatest fidelity and vig-\nmanagement of\ntransports re-\nwithout cost or delay, in any transport. The proper man-\nAttention to the\nilance in the supervision and execution of all the details of\nquires the most\nexact application\nair-supply not\nto agement of the ventilation, together with the strict clean-\nof hygienic know-\nbe neglected an\nsanitary regulations for this purpose. Especially must the ledge.\nhour.\nliness and police of the ship, are indispensable every hour\nmost scrupulous cleanliness of the men and their clothing,\nthat soldiers remain upon a transport."
}