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8 9 Small-pox the Small-poo.-The facts relating to this most contagious Imperative as the duty is that every soldier and every most dreaded in- fection until JEN- malady are too well understood to need any statement of person employed in the army should be protected by vacci- NER'S discovery. them in this paper. It is the most strongly marked type of nation, that duty has been and will continue to be so frequently neglected and so unreliably executed, that officers The duty of vac- specific poisons, and the certainty of its contagious quality, cinating apt to be and the liability of its infectious diffusion, made it the in charge of troops-especially if they be recruits freshly neglected or care lessly perfo"med. scourge of the civilized world until Jenner discovered the from the rural districts-will need to be watchful against prophylactic power of vaccinia or the cow-pock. the outbreaks of small-pox, and to be prepared promptly to Du ies of the medical officer. Vaccination: and The value of vaccination in armies has been lucidly set institute effectual measures. not only of domestic quarantine its value in ar- mies. forth, and in a very practical manner enforced, in a special for infected persons and things, but of such thorough re- report or monograph upon the subject Medical Document, examination and re-vaccination as may be found necessary E], by a committee of associate members of the Sanitary for the permanent protection of all from the variolous in- Commission. Cordially commending to surgeons and com- fection. However thorough may have been the previous Constant watch- Report of Prof's. fulness against Smith and Stillé. manding officers that valuable embodiment of information inspections and vaccinations in a given company or corps, the appearance of small-pox. upon the subject of vaccination and the protection it affords, the possibility of some defects in such duty, as well as the we will here quote the concluding sentences of that report probabilities of the presence of new and unprotected persons, render it expedient to repeat such measures. To officers in charge of recruits for the army, we earnestly Importance of Conclusions of "1st. That primary vaccination is a positive protection, early vaccination that report. recommend that, at the earliest practicable hour after reach- of recruits. within certain limits, against small-pox. 2d. That there is a period of life when that influence declines, and that the ing the first place of rendezvous, all men in their care be history of epidemics teaches that small-pox will attack a effectually protected by vaccination. variable proportion of the vaccinated if exposed to its General sanitary measures, and the isolation or domestic The necessity of special sani- quarantine of patients and their clothing, should apply alike tary regulations influence. 3d. That the mere possibility of such a de- to prevent the cline renders reprotection necessary. 4th. That in re-vac- to small-pox, measles, scarlatina, and other febrile conta- spread of the ex- anthematous dis- cination we have an almost infallible restorer of that protec- gions ; and, notwithstanding the fact that certain epidemic eases. tion and preventive of the spread of variolous epidemics. influences may prevail, it is not the less true that intelli- Hence, that re-vaccination in all bodies exposed to variolous gently directed sanitary measures against th e sources of these contagion is imperatively demanded. 5th. That the opera- nuisances are sure to be rewarded with good results. The tions of vaccination and re-vaccination are unattended with value of such measures against typhus and gangrene are danger to those subjected to them. The committee would popularly conceded, and the following cases will serve to therefore earnestly recommend that the Sanitary Com- illustrate the importance and utility of specific measures to Extensive prev- alence of both mission make such representation to the proper authorities as limit the prevalence of exanthematous diseases in camps : small pox and measles in a reg- will secure the re-vaccination of all soldiers who cannot prove A short time previous to the battle of Chancellorsville, the iment in the field. its performance upon them within the previous five years regiment of Maine volunteers had in hospital and upon and that arrangements be made by which good vaccine virus its sick list, upwards of eighty cases of small-pox. The may be distributed by their agents to the medical officers." same regiment had thirty men sick with measles at one [Signed.] FRANCIS G. SMITH, M.D., Ch'n. time on its hospital roll at Antietam a few days subsequent ALFRED STILLE, M.D. to the great battle there, in September, 1862. Orders for The results of transportation, from its first rendezvous, to join the army neglecting sani- were received while the measles were beginning to appear tary measures. in one company. No timely and effectual measures were a

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This item is an essay that provides advice regarding the control and prevention of infectious diseases in camps, transports, and hospitals. Diseases referred to include smallpox, measles, typhus fever, cholera, and yellow fever.

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    "ocrText": "8\n9\nSmall-pox the\nSmall-poo.-The facts relating to this most contagious\nImperative as the duty is that every soldier and every\nmost dreaded in-\nfection until JEN-\nmalady are too well understood to need any statement of\nperson employed in the army should be protected by vacci-\nNER'S discovery.\nthem in this paper. It is the most strongly marked type of\nnation, that duty has been and will continue to be so\nfrequently neglected and so unreliably executed, that officers\nThe duty of vac-\nspecific poisons, and the certainty of its contagious quality,\ncinating apt to be\nand the liability of its infectious diffusion, made it the\nin charge of troops-especially if they be recruits freshly\nneglected or care\nlessly perfo\"med.\nscourge of the civilized world until Jenner discovered the\nfrom the rural districts-will need to be watchful against\nprophylactic power of vaccinia or the cow-pock.\nthe outbreaks of small-pox, and to be prepared promptly to\nDu ies of the\nmedical officer.\nVaccination: and\nThe value of vaccination in armies has been lucidly set\ninstitute effectual measures. not only of domestic quarantine\nits value in ar-\nmies.\nforth, and in a very practical manner enforced, in a special\nfor infected persons and things, but of such thorough re-\nreport or monograph upon the subject Medical Document,\nexamination and re-vaccination as may be found necessary\nE], by a committee of associate members of the Sanitary\nfor the permanent protection of all from the variolous in-\nCommission. Cordially commending to surgeons and com-\nfection. However thorough may have been the previous\nConstant watch-\nReport of Prof's.\nfulness against\nSmith and Stillé.\nmanding officers that valuable embodiment of information\ninspections and vaccinations in a given company or corps,\nthe appearance\nof small-pox.\nupon the subject of vaccination and the protection it affords,\nthe possibility of some defects in such duty, as well as the\nwe will here quote the concluding sentences of that report\nprobabilities of the presence of new and unprotected persons,\nrender it expedient to repeat such measures.\nTo officers in charge of recruits for the army, we earnestly\nImportance of\nConclusions of\n\"1st. That primary vaccination is a positive protection,\nearly vaccination\nthat report.\nrecommend that, at the earliest practicable hour after reach- of\nrecruits.\nwithin certain limits, against small-pox. 2d. That there is\na period of life when that influence declines, and that the\ning the first place of rendezvous, all men in their care be\nhistory of epidemics teaches that small-pox will attack a\neffectually protected by vaccination.\nvariable proportion of the vaccinated if exposed to its\nGeneral sanitary measures, and the isolation or domestic\nThe necessity\nof special sani-\nquarantine of patients and their clothing, should apply alike\ntary regulations\ninfluence. 3d. That the mere possibility of such a de-\nto prevent the\ncline renders reprotection necessary. 4th. That in re-vac-\nto small-pox, measles, scarlatina, and other febrile conta-\nspread of the ex-\nanthematous dis-\ncination we have an almost infallible restorer of that protec-\ngions ; and, notwithstanding the fact that certain epidemic\neases.\ntion and preventive of the spread of variolous epidemics.\ninfluences may prevail, it is not the less true that intelli-\nHence, that re-vaccination in all bodies exposed to variolous\ngently directed sanitary measures against th e sources of these\ncontagion is imperatively demanded. 5th. That the opera-\nnuisances are sure to be rewarded with good results. The\ntions of vaccination and re-vaccination are unattended with\nvalue of such measures against typhus and gangrene are\ndanger to those subjected to them. The committee would\npopularly conceded, and the following cases will serve to\ntherefore earnestly recommend that the Sanitary Com-\nillustrate the importance and utility of specific measures to\nExtensive prev-\nalence of both\nmission make such representation to the proper authorities as\nlimit the prevalence of exanthematous diseases in camps :\nsmall pox and\nmeasles in a reg-\nwill secure the re-vaccination of all soldiers who cannot prove\nA short time previous to the battle of Chancellorsville, the\niment in the field.\nits performance upon them within the previous five years\nregiment of Maine volunteers had in hospital and upon\nand that arrangements be made by which good vaccine virus\nits sick list, upwards of eighty cases of small-pox. The\nmay be distributed by their agents to the medical officers.\"\nsame regiment had thirty men sick with measles at one\n[Signed.]\nFRANCIS G. SMITH, M.D., Ch'n.\ntime on its hospital roll at Antietam a few days subsequent\nALFRED STILLE, M.D.\nto the great battle there, in September, 1862. Orders for\nThe results of\ntransportation, from its first rendezvous, to join the army\nneglecting sani-\nwere received while the measles were beginning to appear\ntary measures.\nin one company. No timely and effectual measures were\na"
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