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IV.
Dangerous sites of this kind were often marked by a
The camp before Sebastopol was, generally, remarkably
greener or more vigorous vegetation than that of the sur-
clean when first visited; but there were in certain situations
rounding district, or by water-springs coming to the surface,
sources of atmospheric impurity, from putrescent organic
or by evening fogs settling over them sooner than over the
effluvia, likely to influence injuriously the health of the
adjacent country.
troops. The chief of these were :
Before selecting positions for camps in unknown ground,
Picketting-grounds and manure heaps.
it would be very advisable to dig trial holes a few feet deep,
One or two slaughtering-places, and latterly the large
to ascertain what is the condition of the subsoil drainage,
cattle depot and slaughtering-place at Kadikoi.
and not to risk the health of the men in camping on ground
The graveyards and putrid marsh near Balaklava.
in which these trial holes show the presence of water near
Latrines kept too long open, and exposing too large a
the surface.
surface.
Should it be necessary, for military reasons, to hold a po-
When an army can shift its ground at will, danger to
sition on a wet subsoil, the whole should, if practicable, be
health from similar evils can always be avoided by doing so.
thoroughly drained by deep trenches, and if there be a hill-
When, on the other hand, an army is tied to its position
side or water-shed above the ground, the surface water from
for a length of time, the camp becomes a town, and is sub-
it should be turned aside from the site by deep, catch-water
ject to all the sanitary defects of towns, as these existed
drains, as was done with the camp of the Highland Division
before the introduction of the first great step that was taken
at Kamara.
for improving the public health, namely, the introduction
If the position be such that deep trenching and draining
of paving.
cannot be carried out, it is in the highest degree probable
Picketting of horses saturates the ground they occupy
that if held for any length of time, it will be at a consider-
with organic matter. In like manner, accumulations of
able sacrifice of force.
manure, if allowed to remain, saturate the ground they
2. The retentive character of clay surface soils, and the dif-
cover. Filth of any kind is washed into the ground by the
ficulty of draining such soils, render it advisable to avoid
rains, or trodden into it by the steps of men and animals,
them as camping-grounds, when it is possible to do so.
and must necessarily give off impure emanations under the
Wet clay soils keep the air near the ground damp and
joint action of sun heat and moisture.
cold, and they affect the atmosphere of tents and huts in a
To avoid the injurious consequences likely to arise from
similar manner. There was sufficient proof of their inju-
these circumstances, it is indispensably necessary to observe
rious effects on the health of troops in the Crimea.
the most scrupulous cleanliness over the whole surface and
Where such soils must be occupied, for military reasons,
vicinity of a camp. All refuse should be at once swept up,
the defects in the natural drainage should be remedied, as
far as practicable, by trenching the ground, and by trench-
Document source description
This item is an essay that provides advice supplied by the British government's Sanitary Commission in regards to ensuring sanitary conditions in military encampments.
Page data
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Document data
- ID
- 24325428
- Core
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- Type
- document
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"ocrText": "6\n3\nIV.\nDangerous sites of this kind were often marked by a\nThe camp before Sebastopol was, generally, remarkably\ngreener or more vigorous vegetation than that of the sur-\nclean when first visited; but there were in certain situations\nrounding district, or by water-springs coming to the surface,\nsources of atmospheric impurity, from putrescent organic\nor by evening fogs settling over them sooner than over the\neffluvia, likely to influence injuriously the health of the\nadjacent country.\ntroops. The chief of these were :\nBefore selecting positions for camps in unknown ground,\nPicketting-grounds and manure heaps.\nit would be very advisable to dig trial holes a few feet deep,\nOne or two slaughtering-places, and latterly the large\nto ascertain what is the condition of the subsoil drainage,\ncattle depot and slaughtering-place at Kadikoi.\nand not to risk the health of the men in camping on ground\nThe graveyards and putrid marsh near Balaklava.\nin which these trial holes show the presence of water near\nLatrines kept too long open, and exposing too large a\nthe surface.\nsurface.\nShould it be necessary, for military reasons, to hold a po-\nWhen an army can shift its ground at will, danger to\nsition on a wet subsoil, the whole should, if practicable, be\nhealth from similar evils can always be avoided by doing so.\nthoroughly drained by deep trenches, and if there be a hill-\nWhen, on the other hand, an army is tied to its position\nside or water-shed above the ground, the surface water from\nfor a length of time, the camp becomes a town, and is sub-\nit should be turned aside from the site by deep, catch-water\nject to all the sanitary defects of towns, as these existed\ndrains, as was done with the camp of the Highland Division\nbefore the introduction of the first great step that was taken\nat Kamara.\nfor improving the public health, namely, the introduction\nIf the position be such that deep trenching and draining\nof paving.\ncannot be carried out, it is in the highest degree probable\nPicketting of horses saturates the ground they occupy\nthat if held for any length of time, it will be at a consider-\nwith organic matter. In like manner, accumulations of\nable sacrifice of force.\nmanure, if allowed to remain, saturate the ground they\n2. The retentive character of clay surface soils, and the dif-\ncover. Filth of any kind is washed into the ground by the\nficulty of draining such soils, render it advisable to avoid\nrains, or trodden into it by the steps of men and animals,\nthem as camping-grounds, when it is possible to do so.\nand must necessarily give off impure emanations under the\nWet clay soils keep the air near the ground damp and\njoint action of sun heat and moisture.\ncold, and they affect the atmosphere of tents and huts in a\nTo avoid the injurious consequences likely to arise from\nsimilar manner. There was sufficient proof of their inju-\nthese circumstances, it is indispensably necessary to observe\nrious effects on the health of troops in the Crimea.\nthe most scrupulous cleanliness over the whole surface and\nWhere such soils must be occupied, for military reasons,\nvicinity of a camp. All refuse should be at once swept up,\nthe defects in the natural drainage should be remedied, as\nfar as practicable, by trenching the ground, and by trench-"
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