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    "ocrText": "WORLD WAR I AWARDS\nPage\nMEDALS\nWar Council\n1\nSilver\n2\nBronze\n3\nCERTIFICATES FOR AMERICAN RED CROSS PERSONNEL\nSample Certificates\nHeadquarters Staff\n4\nDivisions Staff\n5\nChapter Workers\n6\nForeign Service\n7-8\nDescriptive Card\n9\nSERVICE BADGE\n10\nRibbons for Additional Service\n11\nRibbon for Exceptional Service\n12\nForeign Service Bar\n13\nSERVICE BUTTON\n14\nFOREIGN SERVICE BUTTON\n15\n1\nWAR COUNCIL MEDAL\nThis medal was awarded:\nTo members of the American Red Cross War Council\nin commemoration of their vision and achievement,\n1917 to 1919. This medal was designed by Daniel\nC. French. They were struck in gold and presented\nto the members of the War Council at the annual\nmeeting of the American Red Cross, December 1920.\nEach medal bore on its rim the name of the re-\ncipient.\nReference: Permanent File 461.3, War Council Medal.\n2\nSILVER MEDAL\nThis medal was awarded:\ngave highly mer torious service through\nTo foreigners who assisted with special distinc-\ntion in the work of the American Red Cross, through- work\nout the world. Between fifty and sixty silver\nmedals were awarded.\nAwarded:\nThrough the Committee on Awards upon recommendation\nof the overseas commissioners, with an accompanying\ncertificate and ribbon.\nReference: Minutes, Committee on Awards, pages 5 and 14.\n3\nBRONZE MEDAL\nThis medal was awarded:\n(1) To foreigners who assisted with special dis-\ntinction in the work of the American Red Cross\nthroughout the world.\n(2) To families of those who died during their\nactive war service with the American Red Cross and\nbecause of such service.\n(3) To families of nurses who had been enrolled by\nthe American Red Cross whether they had served under\nthe Red Cross or under the Army and Navy.\nAwards were made as follows:\nAbout 50 to foreigners; 107 to Red Cross workers'\nfamilies; 274 to families of nurses who had been\n58 died in France\nenrolled by the Red Cross whether they had served including I Nurse and\nunder the Red Cross or the Army and Navy; 6 dietitians;\nJane Delano\n4 nurse's aides.\nAwarded: To foreigners in the same manner as the silver medal;\nto Red Cross workers' families, through the Committee on\nAwards; to nurses' families, through the ARC Department of\nNursing. A certificate and ribbon accompanied the medal.\nCodefor ribbon: SAF 533 IBM 309533\nReference: Minutes, Committee on Awards.\nPro Patría\nThe American Red Cross\nto\nin recognition of service faithfully performed in\nbehalf of the nation and her men at arms\nPRESIDENT\nVICE-CHAIRMAN, CENTRAL COMMITTEE\nManium\nCHAIRMAN OF WAR COUNCIL\nHEADQUARTERS STAFF\n4\nPro Patria\nThe American Red Cross\nto\nin recognition of serbice faithfully performed in\nbehalf of the nation and her men at arms\nMANAGER\nPRESIDENT\nDIVISION\nManium\nCHAIRMAN OF WAR COUNCIL\n5\nDIVISIONS CERTIFICATE\nPro Patría\nThe American Red Cross\nto\nin recognition of service faithfully performed in\nbehalf of the nation and her men at arms\nPRESIDENT\nCHAIRMAN OF THE\nCHAPTER\nManison\nCHAIRMAN OF WAR COUNCIL\nCHAPTER WORKERS CERTIFICATE\nPro Patría\nForeign Service Certificate\nto\nThe American National Red Cross tenders this expression of sincere appreciation\nfor the faithful and efficient services rendered by you to this organization in its\nwork oberseas connected with the great European War, when you serbed\nfrom\nto\nPRESIDENT\nCOMMISSIONER FOR\nManium\nCHAIRMAN OF WAR COUNCIL\nPro Patría\nForeign Service Certificate\nto\nThe American National Red Cross tenders this expression of sincere appreciation\nfor the faithful and efficient services rendered by you to this organization in its\nwork oberseas connected with the great European War, when you serbed\nfrom\nto\nPRESIDENT\nCOMMISSIONER FOR\nManium\nCHAIRMAN OF WAR COUNCIL\nFOREIGN SERVICE CERTIFICATE\nPro Patría\nForeign Service Certificate\nto\nThe American national Red Cross tenders this expression of sincere appreciation\nfor the faithful and efficient services rendered by you to this organization in its\nwork oberseas connected with the great Curopean War, when you serbed\nfrom\nto\nPRESIDENT\nCOMMISSIONER FOR\nCHAIRMAN OF WAR COUNCIL\nFOREIGN SERVICE CERTIFICATE\n8\n9\nCERTIFICATES FOR HEADQUARTERS,\nDIVISION, CHAPTER, AND FOREIGN SERVICE\nTo whom were they awarded?\nMen and women, paid or volunteer, who had served a minimum\nof 800 hours over a period of at least 6 months from April\n6, 1947 to November 11, 1919, including chaplains and nurses\nwho served in hospitals under the direction of the American\nRed Cross. The foreign service certificate could also be\nawarded to nationals of other countries who had rendered\nservice to the American Red Cross overseas. All the cer-\ntificates could also be awarded to other organizations in\nrecognition of special service to the American Red Cross\nrendered over the requisite period of time.\nIssued:\nTo the staff at headquarters and in the divisions, through\nspecial committees set up to compile service records and\naward these certificates.\nTo chapter workers, through the chapter executive committee\nor a special committee set up for the purpose.\nTo overseas personnel, through the overseas commissions.\nReference: Letters, general manager, to division managers, No-\nvember 25, 1918 and August 9, 1919; minutes, Committee on\nAwards, page 13; Document of Records, Committee on Awards,\npages 18-21\n10\nSERVICE\nAMERICA RED RED CROS\nSERVICE BADGE\nEligibility:\nWomen, paid or volunteer, who gave service over the\nrequisite period of time, and had received service\ncertificates thereby became eligible for the badge.\nThis badge was also awarded to organizations which\nreceived service certificates. Ribbons with inter-\nwoven white stripes denoted longer periods of service.\n(See following page.)\nPlacement:\nOn civilian clothes only. The badge may be worn as a\npin, without the ribbon, but the ribbon, in accordance\nwith a request of the War Department, cannot be worn\nwithout the badge.\nCost: $1.00\n4/6/1917 - 11/11/1949\nCode: SAF 525 - IBM 308375\nObtained: From national headquarters, Bureau of Stores,\nfor workers at national headquarters or division\noffices. Chapters obtained the badges from the division,\nDepartments of Stores, and sold them to certificate\nholders or awarded the badges to them, provided no por-\ntion of the war fund was so used.\nReplacements now obtained through Office of Insignia,\nUniforms, and Awards at national headquarters upon presen-\ntation of service certificates or facsimile of them when the\nservice record is not available.\nReference: Minutes, Committee on Awards, 1918-1921; letters,\ngeneral manager, to division managers, November 25, 1918,\nJanuary 21, 1919, August 9, 1919, and November 8, 1919.\n11\nRIBBONS FOR ADDITIONAL SERVICE\nSignificance:\nRibbons with stripes were issued for additional six-\nmonths' periods of service. In each period a minimum\nof 800 hours was required.\nA ribbon with one white stripe replaced the plain blue\nribbon to represent a year's service of at least\n1,600 hours. Code: SAF529-IBM 309529\nA ribbon with two white stripes denotes a third six-\nmonths' period or 18 months' service of at least 2,400\nhours. Code: SAF 530-IBM 309630\nA ribbon with three white stripes denotes a fourth six-\nmonths' period or two years' service of at least 3,200\nhours. Code: SAF 531 IBM 309531\nA ribbon with four white stripes denotes a fifth six-\nmonths' period or two-and-a-half years' service of at\nleast 4,000 hours. Code: SAF 532 - IBM 309532\nPlacement:\nTo suspend service badge. Ribbon may not be worn without\nthe badge.\nObtained: In same manner as the service badge. Supply retained in 14A unit\nReference: Same as for service badge.\n12\nRIBBON FOR EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE OVER 400 HOURS\nSignificance:\nThis ribbon replaced the blue ribbon on the service\nbadge when a minimum of 400 hours of service had been\nrendered and exceptional work had been accomplished\nin chapters or divisions where no opportunity was given for\nlonger service. The badge was intended for women\nliving in rural communities or employed women in cities.\nPlacement:\nTo suspend service badge. Ribbon may not be worn with-\nout the badge.\nCode: SAF 534 - IBM 309534\nObtained: In the same manner as the service badge. Supply in 14A unit\nReference: Letters, general manager, to division managers,\nNovember 25, 1918, January 21, 1919 and August 9, 1919.\n13\nFOREIGN SERVICE\nFOREIGN SERVICE BAR\nEligibility:\nWomen workers (including citizens of foreign countries)\nwho served overseas for the period required for the\nservice badge and certificate.\nPlacement:\nAbove the service badge.\nCost: Not a resale item.\nCode: SAF 526-IBM 308410\nObtained: In the same manner as the service badge.\nReference: Letter, general manager, to division managers,\nAugust 9, 1919.\n14\nAMERICAN\nSERVICE BUTTON\nEligibility:\nMen, paid or volunteer, to whom service certificates\nhad been issued for the requisite period of time, and\nwomen who preferred the service button in place of the\nservice badge. (See also Foreign Service Button).\nPlacement:\nOn civilian clothes only.\nCost: 75 cents\nCode: IBM 308600\nObtained: In the same manner as the service badge.\nReference: Minutes, Committee on Awards, October 27, 1918;\nletters, general manager, to division managers,\nNovember 25, 1918, January 21, 1919 and November 8,\n1919.\n15\nFOREIGN SERVICE BUTTON\nEligibility:\nMen who served overseas for the period required for\nthe service certificates and women who preferred the\nservice button in place of the service badge with\nForeign Service bar.\nPlacement:\nOn civilian clothes only.\nCost: 75 cents\nCode: SAF 528 -IBM 308601\nObtained: In the same manner as the service badge.\nReference: Letter, general manager, to division managers,\nAugust 9, 1919.\ntruck\nand\nGOLD MEDAL FOR CONSPICUOUS VALOR\nThis medal was to be awarded:\nFor conspicuous acts of valor in behalf of the Red Cross\nin conditions of great peril. This award was designed by\nthe sculptor Edward C. MacCartan. Only one such award was\nto be made. On December 10, 1920 the General Board voted\nthat the gold medal should be awarded to Jane Delano, the\nmedal to be procured from Tiffany & Co., engraved, and\nplaced in the Red Cross Museum.\n(The gold medal was never awarded as such. The medal cast\nfor Jane Delano was of gold but the die of the silver medal\nwas used.) - (also awarded To mabel T. Boardman, here 13,\nin silver medal designs)\nReference: Minutes, Committee on Awards, Pages 14 and 166.\nAWARDS MADE FOR SERVICE RENDERED\nDURING WORLD WAR I\nThe following forms of recognition were given for service rendered\nduring the first World Warl:\nI. Medals\nA. Gold Medal \"For Conspicuous Valor\" to be awarded for conspicu-\nous acts of valor in behalf of the American Red Cross in conditions of great\nperil. This award was designed by the sculptor, Edward C. MacCartan. On\nDecember 10, 1920 the General Board voted that the gold medal should be a-\nwarded to Miss Jane Delano, the medal to be procured from Tiffany & Co.,\nengraved, and placed in the Red Cross Museum. 2 (The gold medal was never\nmade up as such - the medal actually awarded Miss Delano was the silver\nmedal in gold finish.)\nB. Silver and Bronze Medals \"For Distinguished Service\" and \"For\nHighly Meritorious Service\" respectively to be awarded foreigners who as-\nsisted with special distinction in the work of the American Red Cross through-\nout the world. It was planned at one time that these medals might be awarded\nto some American workers, but for reasons stated in the following section on\n\"policies\", it was decided that the, awarding of medals to citizens of the\nUnited States for special service to the Red Cross during the period of war\ncould not, with justice to all, be successfully carried out. The only medals\nawarded for service by citizens of the United States were those awarded to\nfamilies of Red Cross workers who died in service and those awarded to the\nWar Council members; see C. and D.\nA few more than a hundred (approximately 104) silver and\nbronze medals were awarded to foreigners, a little more than half being\nsilver.\nC. Bronze Medals \"For Highly Meritorious Service\" to be awarded\nfamilies of those who died during their active war service with the American\nRed Cross and because of such service.\nAbout 107 bronze medals were awarded Red Cross workers' families,\n28 for those who died in this country, 79 for those who died abroad. About\n274 bronze medals were awarded the families of nurses who had been enrolled\nby the American Red Cross, whether they had served under the Red Cross or\nunder the Army and Navy; 90 of these were for nurses who died abroad and 184\nfor those who died in this country. Six dietitians and four nurse's aides\nwere honored posthumously by such awards.\nThe design of the bronze medal was to be the same as that of\nthe silver medal, which was submitted by Tiffany & Co. and approved by the\nCommittee on Awards.\n1. For illustrations of these awards, see Red Cross Magazine, April 1919,\npage 32, and for regulations for wearing them, see section containing samples\nof awards.\n2. See Minutes, Committee on Awards, pages 14 and 166.\n- 2 -\nD. Special medal for the members of the War Council. The General\nBoard appointed a committee on February 15, 1919 to decide upon such an\naward, funds for which were appropriated on April 28, 1920 ($4,000) and on\nAugust 24, 1920 ($41.54) out of the reserve for additional United States\nOperations.\nII. Badges, buttons, bars, and certificates\nA. Service Certificates awarded to men and women, including\nchaplains who served in hospitals under the direction of the American Red\nCross and nurses, who had served a minimum of 800 hours over a period of\nat least six months during the period April 6, 1917 to November 11, 1919. 1\nThis certificate could also be awarded to nationals of other countries who\nhad rendered service to the American Red Cross overseas and to families of\nworkers who had died in the service of the Red Cross. It was also to be\nawarded to organizations in recognition of special service to the Red Cross\nrendered over the requisite period of time.2\nB. Service Badges, suspended from a blue ribbon, which could be\npurchased by women who had served a minimum of 800 hours and at least six\nmonths during the period April 6, 1917 to November 11, 1919 (in other words,\nby those who held service certificates). This badge was also to be awarded\nwith the service certificates awarded other organizations. For additional\nperiods of service, a ribbon interwoven with white stripes was awarded to\nreplace the plain blue ribbon.3\nC. Service Buttons to be purchased by men who had served a minimum\nof 800 hours during the period April 6, 1917 to November 11, 1919. There\nwere no distinguishing marks for those who had served longer as in the case\nof the service badge for women.\nD. Foreign Service Barsto be worn with the service badge by\nwomen who had given the requisite period of service overseas, including\nnationals of other countries who had rendered service to the American Red\nCross. 5\nE. Foreign Service Buttons to be purchased by men who had served\nthe requisite time overseas, including nationals of other countries who had\nrendered service to the American Red Cross. 6\nF. Nurse's Service Bars to be worn with the regular nursing pin,\nto be issued to each nurse serving under the Red Cross. This included all\nnurses enrolled by the Red Cross and serving the United States in the Army\nand Navy. (Nurses were eligible for a foreign service bar also.)7\n1. Manager's letter, November 25, 1918 and August 9, 1919\n2. Minutes, Committee on Awards, page 13; Doc. of Records, Committee on Awards,\npages 18-21\n3. Manager's letters, November 25, 1918 and January 21, 1919; Minutes, Com-\nmittee on Awards, page 3; Minutes, War Council, page 1595\n4. Manager's letter, November 25, 1918\n5. Manager's letter, August 9, 1919\n6. Manager's letter, August 9, 1919\n7. Committee on Awards, Minutes, page 13, Doc. of Records, pages 73, 214\n- 3 -\nG. Service Badges for women who had rendered a minimum of 400 hours\nof service and had done exceptional work in chapters or divisions where no op-\nportunity was given for longer service. This badge, identical with the general\nworkers' badge except for its ribbon, was intended for women living in rural\ncommunities or employed women in cities. 1\nH. Service Stripes to be worn on Red Cross uniforms for each six\nmonths of continuous service during the period April 6, 1917 to November 11,\n1919. (A service stripe on the left sleeve of the coat or shirt of the same\nkind and under the same conditions as that given to members of the United\nStates Army for service in Europe was provided in Special Regulation No. 61\nof the War Department.)\nI. National Emergency Certificates to be awarded those who had\nrendered service during the influenza epidemic and other great national emer-\ngencies.\n3\nNOTE. These badges, buttons bars, and certificates were to be the\nonly awards for which persons who did not die in the service of the Red Cross\nwere eligible, except members of the War Council and foreigners. (See page 5.)\n1. Manager's letter, January 21, 1919\n2. Committee on Awards, minutes, pages 12-13; see also page 6\n3. Committee on Awards, minutes, page 7, page 12, and Committee on Awards,\nDoc. of Records, page 22\n- 4 -\nThe following policies were adopted by the War Council and the\nCommittee on Awards:\nI. With respect to medals\nA. Living Americans:\nThe awarding of medals to citizens of the United States for\nspecial service to the Red Cross during the period of war could not, with\njustice to all, be successfully carried out. In making this judgment the\nCommittee on Awards wished to make it clear that its decision should not\nlimit the Executive Committee should it wish to make special awards to a\nlimited number of Americans whose service for the organization during the\nwar was of outstanding merit. 1\nIt had been originally planned to limit the award of silver\nmedals to twenty-five, and to award bronze medals only to families of those\nRed Cross workers who had died while rendering war service. As the Commit-\ntee on Awards received recommendations from foreign Commissions for the award\nof silver and bronze medals, the question arose as to how to deal with the\nsituation at home. The Committee on Awards realized that it would be abso-\nlutely impossible to take special note of all who had done their duty and\ntheir best, but \"it did not seem proper to take special recognition of dis-\ntinguished and meritorious service performed for our organization abroad\nand fail to provide some means by which such service in this country could\nbe correspondingly recognized.\" The committee then decided to award bronze\nmedals not only to families of those who had died, but to make national,\ndivisional, and chapter workers eligible for the bronze and silver medals.\nIt was planned to distribute approximately, in all, 50 silver medals and\n300 bronze medals. Accordingly, the Committee sent letters to the division\nmanagers on August 5, 1919 requesting suggestions and recommendations.²\nSo far as awards to Americans were concerned, the division\nmanagers were almost unanimously unfavorable. Their replies to the letter\nof the Committee on Awards showed that they considered the matter exceedingly\ndifficult. In fact, at a managers' conference on August 26, 1919, the mana-\ngers expressed themselves as being unfavorable to the whole subject of awarding\nmedals.\nIn view of the difficulties which the Committee on Awards en-\ncountered in securing uniform recommendations or any recommendations at all\nfrom some of the overseas commissioners and in view of the opinions of the\ndivision managers, the committee found itself faced with a number of problems,\nwhich it outlined in a letter to the Chairman of the Executive Committee on\nOctober 6, 1919.\nThe last paragraph of this letter is rather interesting:\n\"At this time, it seems proper to state that the members of the Committee\nfeel that the American Red Cross has been in the past, and is now, committed\nto the policy of awarding medals to its personnel for services rendered the\norganization. If the Executive Committee determines to follow this policy\nand award medals for this war, the Committee urge that the distribution should\nin justice be made to all workers within the organization without distinction\nas to home or overseas enlistment. \"1/3\n1. See minutes, Committee on Awards, October 27, 1919, page 25\n2. See letter attached\n3. See letter, Committee on Awards, October 6, 1919, attached\n- 5 -\nAs a result of subsequent deliberations (particularly a meeting\non October 27, 1919 of the Committee on Awards), a statement was drawn up\nwhich defined the position of the Red Cross with respect to the whole ques-\ntion of awards for war service. This statement was approved by the Executive\nCommittee chairman and the recommendations therein by the Executive Committee.\nFor American workers who survived November 11, 1919 (the date\nset for the end of the period during which war service was counted), through-\nout the world, \"the service badges and buttons and the service certificates\nshall forever constitute the recognition of the American Red Cross for work\ndone in its interest in the most lofty or the most humble occupations. To\ncarry out this recommendation, it has been determined that the badges, buttons,\nand service certificates shall only be issued, under the present form, for\nservices rendered during the war and for one year after the armistice.\"\nB. Deceased American workers:\nThe question as to whether medals should be awarded to the\nfamilies of any person who died in the service of the Red Cross irrespective\nof the type of service or only to families of those who had rendered con-\nspicuous service was raised in the letter of the Committee on Awards of Oct-\nober 6, 1919, referred to above.2 The rulings set forth as a result of de-\nliberations were:\n\"Any person who dies abroad while engaged in Red Cross foreign\nwar service is to be considered as having died because of such service, un-\nless specific facts are brought to the attention of the Committee which may\nmake such a conclusion manifestly untenable.\n\"In the case of persons who died in Red Cross service in this\ncountry it is the sense of the Committee that it should be affirmatively\nshown that death was the result of service rendered by the deceased to the\nRed Cross; the awards to be made for either full time or part time workers,\nwhether volunteer or paid, provided it be shown that death occurred during\ntheir active war service with the American Red Cross and because of such\nservice. 113\nThe period within which death or the incurring of the fatal\nillness had to fall in order to bring the services of a Red Cross worker\ninto consideration for a bronze medal was April 6, 1917 to November 11, 1919.\nThis date was determined following consultation with the Army, although the\ndate chosen by the War Department as the end of the period during which ser-\nvice rendered for the Army could be counted was October 4, 1919.4\n1. Statement attached. This was published in the Red Cross Bulletin, Novem-\nber 19, 1919. Document of Records, Committee on Awards, pp. 58 ff. and 76 ff.,\nmanager's letter, December 16, 1919\n2. Attached. Documents of Record, Committee on Awards, pp. 37 ff\n3. Letter, General Manager, to division managers and department heads, Febr-\nuary 12, 1920; Documentsof Record, Committee on Awards, pp. 226 ff.\n4. Minutes, Committee on Awards, pages 104-5; Documents of Records, Committee\non Awards, pp. 282 ff.\n- 6 -\nAt the same time that regulations were set forth for the award\nof bronze medals, a form was issued, providing for basic information such as\nthe description of the service rendered, the cause of death and place of\ndeath. It also provided places for approval by certain prescribed persons\nfor different types of service, whether under a division, chapter, or depart-\nment.\n1\nNurses were determined to be eligible for the bronze medal\nwhether under the Army or Navy or the Red Cross, provided they had been en-\nrolled by the Red Cross. The same rules as stated above applied to them.\nRecommendations were to come from the Red Cross Department of Nursing and\nwere distributed by that department.\nC. Citizens of allied countries:\nThe Committee on Awards accepted and the Executive Committee\napproved recommendations made by Red Cross commissioners abroad for the award\nof silver and bronze medals to citizens of allied countries who had rendered\nservice to the American Red Cross. The Committee on Awards exercised con-\nsiderable judgment in the making of these awards and was compelled to do so\nsince the standards which it had to set up were not thoroughly understood by\nthe commissioners abroad. In some cases the commissioners requested medals\nfor persons to whom they felt it necessary to do an act of courtesy. In\nothers, no recommendations were made till very many months after the close\nof hostilities. In some cases, the Committee felt it desirable to award a\nbronze medal where a silver medal had been recommended originally, or vice\nversa (perhaps there had been some supplementary correspondence on these\nmatters).\nThe largest number of medals might have been awarded to citizens\nof France. When recommendations were first sought of the commissioner in\nFrance, he replied that he felt it impossible to submit any because of the\ntremendous number who had served. At last, he sent some names at the in-\nsistence of the committee. Apparently, however, it was at length decided\nthat it was indeed impossible to do justice to all the Frenchmen who had\nrendered important service. No record is made of any award to French citi-\nzens, and the Chairman of the Central Committee was requested to look into\nthe matter of a general form of memorial when he went abroad in 1920.2\nFor work in Russia, apparently the only medal was that awarded\nto a Scottish nurse. Conditions had been too unsettled to award any medals\nto Russian nationals. Suggested names were filed for further action.\nPersons or committees (such as the Comite de la Repatriament\nde Basel) which had served the army primarily were not awarded Red Cross\nmedals. The Comite mentioned was called to the attention of the War De-\npartment.\n1. General manager's letter, February 12, 1920; Documents of Record, Com-\nmittee on Awards, pages 226 ff.\n2. Minutes, Committee on Awards, pages 104-5; Documents of Record, Commit-\ntee on Awards, pages 282 ff.\n- 7 -\nII. With respect to badges, buttons, bars, and certificates\n\"The service badges and buttons and the service certificates shall\nforever constitute the recognition of the American Red Cross for work done in\nits interest in the most lofty or the most humble occupations. To carry out\nthis recommendation, it has been determined that the badges, buttons and ser-\nvice certificates shall only be issued, under the present form, for services\nrendered during the war and for one year after the armistice.\nA. Time limits\nPeriod: In computing periods of service only service subse-\nquent to April 6, 1917 (declaration of war by United States) and before\nNovember 11, 1919 was to be considered. The date, November 11, 1919, was\nchosen following the general precedent of the Army, although the War Depart-\nment ordered that service rendered in the Army after October 4, 1919 would\nnot be counted. 2\nRequisite time: A minimum of 800 hours' service given over a\nperiod of at least six months was required for the award of a service certi-\nficate and for any service badges or buttons. (For ramifications of this\nregulation see section illustrating the badges.) Women who had rendered ex-\nceptional service over a minimum of 400 hours where no opportunity was given\nfor longer service were to be awarded the regular service badge but with a\nbeige instead of blue ribbon.\nTime spent in courses of instruction was to be considered as\ntime given in the service of the Red Cross. 4 Service in production outside\nworkrooms was to be counted on a standard piece-work basis. 5 Service to the\nRed Cross in other than chapter activities was to be credited to the workers. 6\nBut no individual should receive the Red Cross service certificate or insignia\nexcept for service rendered within the Red Cross organization.⁷\nB. Eligibility\nPaid workers as well as volunteers were eligible for certifi-\ncates and badges. 8\nJunior members of the Red Cross were entitled to the same\nservice certificates and badges as adult members if they had given the re-\nquired amount of service. 9\nNationals of other countries were eligible when they had\nrendered service to the American Red Cross. 10\n1. Manager's letter, December 16, 1919; Document of Records, Committee on\nAwards, pages 76 ff.\n2. Manager's letter, November 25, 1918; Document of Records, Com. on Awards, p. 74\n3. Manager's letters, November 25, 1918, January 21, 1919, August 9, 1919\n4. Manager's letter, January 21, 1919\n5. & 6. Manager's letter, November 25, 1918\n7. Committee on Awards, minutes, page 37\n8. Manager's letter, November 25, 1918\n9. Manager's letter, January 21, 1919\n10. Committee on Awards, minutes, page 10\n- 8 -\nC. Limitation of World War I service\nOn October 27, 1919 the Committee on Awards voted:\nThat the service badges and buttons and the\nservice certificates awarded for service dur-\ning the war shall never be used again for any\npurpose, thereby making such evidence of war\nservice for that purpose exclusive, and at the\nsame time a recognition that all workers are\nequal, in so far as their abilities lie, when\nworking under the Red Cross.\n9\nDivision COMMENTS ON WARTIME AWARDS\nThe following comments were submitted by nine of the ten\nor assistant managers\ndivision managers/in 1919. Mrs. Austin R. Baldwin, chairman of the\nsubcommittee on peacetime awards, addressed five questions to the division\nmanagers, one of which related to the feeling in chapters in regard to the\nwartime service badges.\nSouthwestern Division: \"May I add that our Chapters are practically\nunanimous in the belief that it was a mistake for the Red Cross ever to\nhave made awards for service. We are still receiving two or three letters\na day giving the names of some individuals who were overlooked and whose\nfeelings are hurt.\nPennsylvania-Delaware Division: \"On the whole, the feeling in our\nChapters was favorable to the distribution of war time service badges, al-\nthough each Chapter had great difficulty in making the awards on a basis\nwhich was satisfactory to it and its workers. Some chapters declined to\nissue any badges, claiming that no one should receive recognition for doing\nwhat it was his clear duty to do.\"\nNorthern Division: \"The Northern Division objected to issuing awards\nduring war-time, and our opinion was justified by the attitude of many Chapters\nin the field. I think the people now who will work for the Red Cross are\nthose who are interested in their own community work, and I doubt very much\nwhether we would recruit any more people by the possibility of giving them\nsomething in the form of a badge. As soon as the army has dropped its\nservice insignia I think that the Red Cross, as a semi-military organization,\nshould do the same thing.\"\nNew England Division: \"A majority of the Chapters and organizations in\nour Division believed in the awarding of service badges. Some of them were\nluke-warm to start with, but it ended up with a great deal of enthusiasm and\na great deal of effort to get the badge. There were, however, a few Chapters\nthat thought it was unfair, and even when the 400-hour badge was decided upon,\nthey felt that there a great many people, for instance women who had to take\ncare of their own homes, who were a great deal more deserving of some service\naward than the women who gave a great deal more time. Therefore, several\nChapters did not adopt it, and this caused considerable trouble with their\nbranches because there were often several branches in the Chapter that\nwished to have the award given. On the whole, however, I believe that it\nworked out very well indeed and was the right thing for the Red Cross to do.\"\nNorthwestern Division: \"I have never approved of giving badges, even\nduring the war period, much less during peace times.\"\nCentral Division: \"I feel that the Chapter workers have very greatly\nappreciated these war time service badges and consequently I have no doubt that as\nthe future work of this organizations progresses\na suitable peace-time\naward can be devised.\"\n10\nPacific Division: Chapters \"did not approve from the fact that Red\nCross money was used in many instances to purchase these badges. Think\nthe certificate would have been just as satisfactory and more consistent\nwith Red Cross policy.\"\n(Replies from the other divisions missing.)\nNOTESON THE COMMITTEES ON AWARDS\nWORLD WAR I\nOn July 16, 1918 the War Council appointed Mr. Ivy L. Lee to act\nas a committee of one to discuss with various groups and individuals the matter of\nissuing suitable evidences of Red Cross service. Mr. Lee submitted\ndesigns for certain medals and badges on October 2, 1918. The War\nCouncil was unable at that time to consider all the designs submitted\nbut felt it important to approve the suggested service badge and certificate\n\"for the entire Red Cross organization\" at once. This badge and the service\ncertificate were announced to the divisions on November 25, 1918.\nMr. Lee, on February 27, 1919, submitted to the War Council a final\nreport, which contained designs and proposed regulations for the bronze,\nsilver, and gold medals and various other awards. The War Council approved\nthe entire report. (These designs, however, were not made part of the\nDocuments of Record.) (For Mr. Lee's report, see D.R.,Com. on Awards, p. 3.)\nIn the meantime, on December 3, 1918, a Committee on Awards for\nrecognition of Red Cross service was appointed to make awards of medals\nand certificates throughout the entire Red Cross organization at home and\nabroad. This committee met with some frequency during the year 1919, less\nfrequently during 1920, and a few times in 1921. It was given power to\nconsider peacetime awards while it was active in connection with wartime\nawards. The committee was formally discharged in 1929 although it had not\nbeen active for some years before that time. .(Membership of the committee\nChairman,\nincluded at first Doughlas Stewart, Mrs. Belmont, Mrs. Draper, and Mrs.\nWalling. When Mr. Stewart severed his active connection with the Red Cross,\nMr. H. J. Hughes became a member of the committee, and later Mrs. Wadswoth\nand became to chairnan,\nwas asked to serve on itR)\n12\nPAGE 2 - NOTES ON THE COMMITTEE ON AWARDS - WORLD WAR I\nThe Committee on Awards was given specific power, among other\nthings, to supervise the proper distribution of awards, to pass upon\nrecommendations for the gold, silver, and bronze medals, and to place orders\nfor the manufacture of various forms of awards (provided the War Council had\napproved their form and design). Since the designs and regulations which\nMr. Lee had submitted to the War Council were never finally made a part of\nthe official records of the Red Cross, the Committee on Awards exercised\nsome of the power originally conferred upon Mr. Lee in determining regula-\ntions.\n(Note: the official name of the Committee was\nNational Committee on Awards)\nRough draft\nstatement\nStatement Covering Important Actions\ncarbin from\nof the Committee on Awards\nwhich the is\nDecember 3, 1918 to November 1, 1919.\ntaken in\nlitrary\nThis is same substantially\nPERSONNEL OF THE COMMITTEE\nam bound copy }\nminutes\nBy vote of the War Council passed December 3, 1918 (D. R. Page 1) a\nCommittee on Awards was created consisting of Mr. Douglas Stewart, Chairman,\nMrs. August Belmont, Mrs. Wm. K. Draper and Mr. Willoughby G. Walling.\nWhen Mr. Douglas Stewart severed his active connection with the Red Cross\non April 12, 1919, Mr. H. J. Hughes became a member of the Committee in his\nplace, and on June 27, 1919 (D. R. page 2) Mr. Walling as Vice-Chairman of the\nCentral Committee asked Mr. Wadsworth to serve on the Committee on Awards, thus\nincreasing its membership to five. Mr. Wadsworth has been acting as Chairman\nof the Committee on Awards and Mr. Hughes as Vice-Chairman. Thus the person-\nnel of the Committee on November 1, 1919, is as follows:\nMr. Eliot Wadsworth, Chairman\nMr. H. J. Hughes, Vice-Chairman\nMrs. August Belmont\nMrs. William K. Draper\nMr. Willoughby G. Walling\n(Note: The Executive Committee of the Red Cross has not yet formally appointed\nMr. Wadsworth and Mr. Hughes as members of the Committee.)\nPOWERS OF THE COMMITTEE\nThe War Council on December 3, 1918 passed the following vote creating the\nCommittee on Awards\n\"VOTED: That a Committee on Awards for recognition of\nRed Cross service, be, and it is hereby appointed\nto make awards of medals and certificates of\nservice throughout the entire Red Cross organization\nat home and abroad\n(War Council Minutes page 1818)\n-2-\nOn December 20, 1918, the War Council passed the following vote\nsetting forth in detail the powers and duties of the Committee on Awards:\n\"VOTED: That the committee on Awards, appointed by the\nWar Council on December 3, 1918, be, and it is\nhereby authorized\n(1) To decide upon questions submitted by foreign\ncommissions, divisions and chapters pertaining to\nthe awarding of service certificates and badges.\n(2) To place orders for all medals, badges and\nservice certificates which may be required provid-\ning that the form and design of such medals, badges\nand certificates have previously been approved by\nthe War Council.\n(3) To pass upon recommendations for the awarding\nof gold, silver and bronze medals and to recommend\nto the War Council the granting of the same.\n(4) To supervise the proper distribution of all\nservice badges and certificates of service to all\ndivision headquarters and foreign commissions.\n(5) To approve, before publication, all matter per-\ntaining to medals, badges and certificates.\n(6) To modify in special cases the requirements for\nservice certificates and badges.\"\n(War Council Minutes page 1903)\nThe following statement concerning the special committee appointed by the War\nCouncil to consider the issuing of suitable evidences of Red Cross service, is\ninserted here as the matter contained in the report of that Committee is of\ngreat importance in the work of the Committee on Awards.\nOn July 16, 1918 the War Council passed the following vote\n\"VOTED: That Mr. Ivy L. Lee, Assistant to the Chairman of\nthe War Council be, and he is hereby appointed to\ndiscuss with the Womans Advisory Committee, the\nBureau of Standards, the Secretary's Office and other\ndepartments or individuals concerned, the matter of\nissuing suitable evidences of Red Cross service, and\nthat he submit his suggestions to the War Council for\naction as soon as possible.\"\n(War Council Minutes page 1169)\nOn October 2, 1918 the War Council passed the following vote pursuant\nto a report from Mr. Lee\n\"VOTED: That the War Council hereby approves as the\nservice badge and ribbon for the entire Red\n-3-\nCross organization\n1. The dome form of pin showing the Greek\nred cross on white ground with blue circle surround-\ning.\n2. The word \"service\" shall be placed at the\ntop in the blue circle and \"American Red Cross\"\nin smaller letters at the bottom.\n3. There shall be a blue ribbon with a white\nbar or bars denoting additional periods of service.'\n(War Council Minutes page 1595)\nOn February 27, 1919 Mr. Lee submitted a final report of his work (D. R.\npage 3) and the War Council accepted that report as follows\n\"VOTED: That the report of the Committee concerning\nappropriate forms of recognition for service\nto the American Red Cross (War Council D.R.\npage 2350) including the booklet describing\nand picturing such insignia be, and it is\nhereby accepted and approved in all respects.'\n(War Council Minutes page 2144)\nAn examination of the War Council records reveals the fact that the booklet\ndescribing and picturing to Red Cross insignia as referred to in the above vote\nand Mr. Lee's report was never completed and incorporated as a part of that\nreport - hence the design and regulations which it was to contain have not been\nfinally incorporated in the Red Cross records.\nFrom the foregoing it will be seen that in general the following statement\nto be made concerning the matter of awards for Red Cross service.\n1. Mr. Ivy L. Lee was empowered to investigate and made a\nreport covering the forms and designs for awards for Red\nCross service and the regulations governing their distri-\nbution.\n2. The Committee on Awards was appointed to supervise the\ndistribution of these awards.\n3. Mr. Lee's report as filed in the Documents of Record of\n-4-\nthe War Council (page 2350) does not contain a complete\ndescription of and regulations for awards for Red Cross\nservice.\nAs a result of these conditions the Committee on Awards has necessarily\nexercised some of the powers originally conferred on Mr. Lee as a committee\nof one, though the Executive Committee has not formally acted upon this\nbroadening of the scope of the powers of the Committee on Awards.\nThe War Council Medal\nA special committee was appointed by the General Board at its\nmeeting February 15, 1919, to take the necessary steps to have a special\nmedal presented to the members of the War Council.\nThe medal was designed by Daniel C. French and executed under his\ndirection. The medals given to the members of the War Council were struck\nin gold. They were presented at the annual meeting of the American Red\nCross on December , 1920.1\nI For list of those receiving medals, see notes attached on p.\nThe medal was two and one half inches in diameter. On the obverse,\nin high relief, was represented the symbolic head of an American soldier. On\nthe reverse is a Red Cross nurse standing erect over a prostrate wounded soldier.\nThe two figures are posed in the form of a cross and are appropriately enclosed in\nthe typical form of an American Red Cross.\nAn inscription also appeared on the reverse of the medal:\nThe American Red Cross\nTo commemorate the vision and achievement\nof the War Council\n1917\n1919\nEach medal bore on its rim the name of its recipient. Each was, therefore,\nunique.\nI A picture of the medal may be found in the Permanent File under 461.3,\nWar Council Medal.\nBecause interest in the medal was great and its beauty exoptional,\nthe special committee, with the approval of\n, made arrangements\nwith the American Numismatic Society to have a bronze replica of the medal LinARE muslum\nstruck which would be available to chapters, museums and individuals at $6.00.1\nI This information derived from a draft attached to letter of Jason S. Joy,\nAssistant to the Chairman, to Eliot Wadsworth, January 3, 1921. (461.3 War\nCouncil Medals)\nSometime between August and December, 1920, the Committee on Awards\nvoted \"that the members of the War Council should not be considered eligible\nfor the award of the gold, silver or bronze medals, which had been adopted for\naward in recognition of service to the Red Cross during the war!\" This action\nI See Minutes Committee on Awards, pp. 22 - 23\nwas suggested in a letter of the Vice Chairman to Mr. Hughes, quoted on p.\nThe cost of the gold medals totaled $4,041.54. $1,500 was paid to\nMr. French for his services in designing the medal. The balance of $2,541,54\nwas paid to the Medallic Art Company of New York City, covering the purchase\nprice and the necessary engraving and cases. 1\nI See memorandum of W. T. Hammar, Assistant Treasurer, to Miss Boardman,\nJanuary 19, 1922, filed in 461.3 War Council Medal.\nReport on Distribution of Special Gold Medals\nPresented to Members of the War Council.\nJohn D. Ryan\nHeld in safe by Dr. Hatton\nEdward N. Hurley\nForwarded by registered mail to\n28 East Jackson Boulevard\nChicago, Illinois\n(December 28. Receipt herewith)\nGrayson M. P. Murphy\nForwarded by registered mail to\n15 Broad Street\nNew York City\n(receipt attached)\nGeorge B. Case\nDelivered to personally by Mr. Hughes (receipt received)\nHenry P. Davison\nDelivered to Mr. Stouch by Mr. Hughes to be\ngiven to Mr. Davison (receipt received)\nHarvey D. Gibson\nDelivered by Mr. Hughes (receipt received)\nWilliam H. Taft\nHeld in safe by Dr. Hatton\nJesse H. Jones\nDelivered to Dr. Axson under date of December 27th.\nEliot Wadsworth\nReceived at presentation time.\nCornelius Bliss\nReceived at presentation time.\nGeorge Scott\nReceived at presentation time.\nCharles D D.\nDecember 28, 1920\nW. Bowen\nCOPY\nMr. Hughes\nAugust 4, 1919\nMr. Walling\nAwards\nI should like to have spread on the minutes of\nthe Committee on Awards a resolution stating that in view of\nthe medals to be granted to members of the War Council, the\nmembers of the War Council will not be considered eligible\nfor other awards.\nI should also like to have reference made to\nthis resolution in connection with the name of Mr. Harvey\nGibson, at the time the rulings of the Committee on French\nAwards are met.\n/s/ WGW\nVice Chairman.\nWGW O\nExecutive Committee, April 28, 1920.\nPP. 1494, 1503\nAugust 24, 1920.\n$4,000 approved for medals to be awarded by the General Board to members of\nthe War Council (from Reserve for Additional U. S. Operations) D.R.3711\n$41.54 more voted on August 24, 1920.\nCOPY\nTO\nALL DIVISION MANAGERS\nDATE\nNovember 25, 1918\nFROM\nGENERAL MANAGER\nSUBJECT GENERAL SERVICE BADGES\n1. We are at last able to announce the plan for recognizing the\nloyal service given by the women and men workers of the Red Cross. This\nwill be done through the issuance of certificates which carry with them\nthe right to purchase and wear the Red Cross official general service\ninsignia. The insignia for women workers will be a badge with ribbon,\nbar and safety catch, and for men a button to be worn in the coat lapel.\n2. Delivery of these certificates and insignia has already begun\non an initial order and additional quantities will be shipped to you as\nrapidly as possible.\nCONDITIONS GOVERNING THE AWARD OF CERTIFICATES\n3. Certificates in recognition of loyal service to the Nation,\nthrough the Red Cross shall be awarded to all persons who have given\nregular service during a period of not less than six months, in which\nperiod the actual work done shall be equivalent to at least four days\na week, or approximately 800 hours; or for eight months of service of\nnot less than three days a week, or approximately 800 hours; or for\ntwelve months of service of not less than two days a week, or\napproximately 800 hours; or for eighteen months' service amounting to\nat least 800 hours, etc. In no case shall an award be made to a\nworker whose period of enrollment in service has been less than six\nconsecutive months, and with a minimum of 800 hours of service.\n4. In computing periods of service only service subsequent\nto April 6, 1917, shall be considered.\n5. Certificates shall be awarded irrespective of whether\nservices rendered have been on a volunteer or paid basis.\n6. In Chapter production, work done outside of the workroom,\nsuch as knitting and garments, shall be estimated on a piece-work\nbasis or in the same number as used in the Chapter workrooms.\n7. Service for the Red Cross in other than Chapter activities\nshall be credited to the worker. Allowances should also be made for\ntime given in different departments or activities of the Red Cross.\nSERVICE INSIGNIA\n8. Badges for Women Workers. All women workers to whom\ncertificates are awarded for service for the minimum period, as\nspecified above, shall be entitled to purchase the standard service\nbadge with a plain ribbon. Women workers serving an additional period\nequal to the minimum period specified shall be entitled to wear on the\nbadge, in place of the plain ribbon, a ribbon interwoven with one stripe;\nand a ribbon bearing an additional stripe may be substituted after service\nfor each additional period equal to the minimum.\n11/25/18\n- 2 -\n3648\n9. Button for Men Workers. Men workers to whom certificates have been issued\nfor the minimum period of service shall be entitled to purchase the standard ser-\nvice button to be worn in the coat lapel. No modification in this button is to\nbe made for varying periods of service in excess of the minimum period.\nSERVICE RECORDS AND METHOD OF AWARDING CERTIFICATES\n10. Division Headquarters Workers. The Division Manager should immediately\nappoint a special committee to compile the service records of the workers employed\nat Division Headquarters and for other workers reporting to the Division Office.\nThis committee should be responsible for recommending the awarding of certificates\nand should decide all questions in connection therewith. Where it is impossible\nto secure accurate records of service rendered it is suggested that workers sub-\nmit their claims for service badges, approved by the officer or officers under\nwhom they have served, to the committee responsible for awarding service certifi-\ncates and badges. Such letters shall state the nature of the service rendered,\nwhere it was rendered, and the period and number of hours of service as accurately\nas possible. The committee shall carefully review such claims and utilize all\nmeans available to ascertain their merits. In cases where reasonable doubt exists\ndecision should be made in favor of the workers.\n11. Blank certificates will be supplied to each Division by National Head-\nquarters without charge. Each certificate presented to Division Headquarters\nworkers should be signed by the Division Manager and should be presented to the\nworkers with appropriate ceremonies. Badges and buttons will be supplied through\nNational Headquarters and should be sold at cost to the workers at the prices spec-\nified by the National Headquarters Bureau of Stores. These prices will be uni-\nform for all workers, regardless of whether or not they are connected with National\nHeadquarters, Division Offices or Chapters.\n12. Chapter Workers. Certificates shall be awarded to Chapter workers upon\nrecommendation of the Chapter Executive Committee, or of a special committee ap-\npointed by the Chapter Chairman. This committee shall be responsible for recom-\nmending the awarding of certificates and should decide all questions in connection\ntherewith. Where it is impossible to secure accurate records of services rendered\nit is suggested that workers submit their claims for service badges, approved by\nthe Chapter officer or officers under whom they have served, to the Chapter com-\nmittee responsible for awarding service certificates and badges. Such letters\nshall state the nature of the service rendered, where it was rendered, and the\nperiod and number of hours of service as accurately as possible. The committee\nshall carefully review such claims and utilize all means available to ascertain\ntheir merits. In cases where reasonable doubt exists decision should be made in\nfavor of the workers.\n13. Blank certificates should be supplied to each Chapter without charge in\naccordance with its needs, upon regular requisition to the Division Department of\nSupplies. Certificates issued to Chapter workers should be signed by the Chapter\nChairman and presented to the workers with appropriate ceremonies. Badges and\nbuttons should be sold to Chapters at the prices specified by the National Head-\nquarters Bureau of Stores and should be resold at the same prices to the workers.\nChapters should requisition the necessary supplies of badges and buttons in ac-\ncordance with the established procedure for other saleable supplies.\n81/52/11\n3648\n- 3 -\nNOTIFICATION TO CHAPTERS\n14. It is important that you send a letter immediately to each Chapter\nChairman in your Division giving complete information with regard to this plan\nas it effects Chapters, and advise the Chairman to proceed at once in the pre-\nparation of service records of workers. The preparation of these records will\nentail considerable work and should be started promptly. Delivery of certifi-\ncates and badges will proceed and the awarding of the certificates and procurement\nof the badges and buttons should be possible by the time the Chapters have com-\npleted preparation of their service records. It is suggested that as far as pos-\nsible the total requirements of a Chapter be supplied at one time, in order that\nthe presentation of certificates may be made at one meeting.\n15. Chapters in ordering their supplies of women's badges should specify the\nnumber required of each grade, i.e., those having plain ribbons, ribbons with one\nstripe, ribbons with two stripes, etc. The Division stocks of these badges should\nbe supervised by a special person appointed by the Division Manager, so that in\nfilling Chapter orders the correct ribbons will be supplied.\nFURTHER SUPPLIES OF CERTIFICATES AND INSIGNIA\n16. As stated above delivery of these certificates and insignia has already\nbeen begun on an initial order. Additional supplies of certificates, badges and\nbuttons should be requisitioned by the Division from the National Headquarters\nBureau of Stores in accordance with the regular procedure. Additional ribbons\nbearing the different number of stripes for the different periods of service, as\nnecessary to replace the ribbons of shorter periods of service, should also be\nrequisitioned by the Division from the Bureau of Stores.\n/s/ G. E. Scott\nGeneral Manager.\nCOPY\n18\nTo:\nAll Division Managers\nDate: January 21, 1919\nFrom: General Manager\nI wish to call to your attention the following recommendations of the\nCommittee on Awards of service badges. Will you kindly see that your Chapters\nare properly advised in this connection.\n\"The Committee on Awards desires to urge upon all executives the neces-\nsity of protecting the dignity of the service badge. It should indicate that\nthe recipient has rendered faithful, self-sacrificing service on behalf of the\nAmerican Red Cross. The work performed should be real work and not merely a\nperfunctory attendance at meetings.\nThe minimum service for which a badge suspended from a blue ribbon\ncan be given is 800 hours, dating from April 6, 1917; no recognition is granted\nfor service prior to that date. For convenience, the periods of service are\ndivided into six months each. For the first six months with a minimum of 800\nhours, each woman should receive a badge with a plain blue ribbon; for twelve\nmonths, a blue ribbon with one white stripe and for eighteen months, a blue\nribbon with two white stripes. In the case of men, there is no distinguishing\nmark granted to show the length of service above a minimum period of six months.\nIn each of these periods a minimum of 800 hours must have been given. There is\nno maximum number of hours. For example, a woman who has worked for twelve\nmonths and has given 1400 hours service, would receive a plain blue ribbon\nattached to her badge. A woman who has worked 900 hours in six months would\nreceive a plain blue ribbon, and a woman who has worked 2400 hours in one year\nwould receive one stripe only, in spite of the fact that she exceeded the\nminimum number of hours by 800.\nThe Committee also wishes to call attention to the fact that the Red\nCross service badge must not be worn on the out-door uniform. According to the\nrequest of the War Department, the Red Cross service ribbon must never be worn\nwithout the badge. The American Red Cross has & granted the privilege of wearing\nsilver service bars on uniforms to indicate the period of service. Therefore,\nthe wearing of Red Cross service badges should be strictly confined to civilian\ndress.\nIf these instructions are carefully carried out, the wearing of this\nbadge will be a mark of distinction.\nThe Committee on Awards wishes to call your attention to the following\npoints in regard to service certificates, badges and buttons.\nCERTIFICATES - The allotment of service certificates assigned to the\nseveral divisions is now in the hands of the printer. The first consignment\nhas already been delivered and the whole number for distribution to chapters\nshould shortly reach each division. The certificates for chapters should be\nsigned by the Chapter Chairman. The ones for division headquarters by the Divi-\nsion Manager, while the certificates for Division Managers will be signed at\nNational Headquarters by the Vice-chairman of the Central Committee.\nThese service certificates should be distributed to those workers who\nare entitled to them and no service badge or button should be sold to such worker\nuntil the certificate is shown as evidence that the worker is entitled to wear\n340.061\nCOPY\n1/21/19\n19\n-2-\nsuch a badge or button.\nSERVICE BADGES AND BUTTONS - As the number required is much in excess of\nthe production of one manufacturer, orders have been placed with several manu-\nfacturers and it is hoped that continuous shipments may be started to all divi-\nsions by January 15th. To expedite this work it is necessary that all divisions\nmake requisitions at the earliest possible date for the number of service badges\nand buttons which they will require.\nRECORDS - An accurate record, preferably a card catalogue, should be\nkept by each division and chapter of those persons to whom certificates and\nbadges have been awarded. In case of loss no badge or certificate should be\nreissued unless absolute proof of such loss or destruction is submitted.\nRIBBONS - The ribbon indicating additional service for women will be\nfurnished free of cost to the divisions and chapters and may be substituted by\nthe divisions and chapters for the plain blue ribbon attached to women's badges\nwhen issued. It should be carefully noted that service stripes are only awarded\nfor the period since April 6, 1917. Therefore, at the present time it is not\npossible to receive a ribbon with more than two stripes indicative of eighteen\nmonths service. Service ribbons will be donated to the divisions, but requisitions\nshould be sent for the number of yards required on the basis of 3\" per badge.\nPURCHASES - The badges for women are to be sold by the division chapters\nat $1.00, those for men at $.75 each. These badges will be billed to the\ndivisions upon their requisition, at these prices.\nPermission is granted to divisions or chapters to purchase these badges\nor buttons to be presented to their workers if strictly chapter funds are used\nfor this purpose, but it must be distinctly understood that no portion of the\nwar fund can be so used.\nCOURSES OF INSTRUCTION - The Committee on Awards have a rule that the\nhours spent in courses of instruction such as first-aid, dietetics, home care,\nelementary-hygiene, surgical dressings, shall be considered as time given in the\nservice of the Red Cross. The reason for this ruling is that those persons who\nhave taken such courses have undoubtedly done so in order to fit themselves for a\nmore efficient service in behalf of the Red Cross, and such work should be\nencouraged and recognized.\nSERVICE BADGES FOR JUNIOR MEMBERS - The Committee on Awards does not re-\ncognize any age limit in the service of the Red Cross. If any junior members\nhave given the required amount of service, they are entitled to service certifi-\ncates and badges just as any other members of the Red Cross.\nAWARDS FOR EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE - Many inquiries have been received by the\nCommittee, citing cases where women through no fault of their own have not served\na minimum period of 800 hours and yet have done exceptional work at great person-\nal sacrifice. Realizing that injustice would be done in not recognizing certain\nof these cases, the Committee on Awards has decided that service certificates\nand badges may be granted at the direction of the Division Manager or Chapter\nCOPY\n1/21/19\n20\n-3-\nChairman in the following cases:\n(1) Women who have rendered a minimum of 400 hours service and have\ndone exceptional work in chapters or divisions where no opportunity was given\nfor longer service, may be granted a service badge attached to a different\ncolored ribbon from that used on the regular service badge. This ribbon will\nbe standard throughout the country and will shortly be furnished the divisions.\nIt is necessary, however, that the service rendered the American Red Cross in\nthis connection be a real service. The Committee of Awards appointed by the\nDivision Managers and the Chapter Chairmen will use great discretion in these\nawards. They were intended for those women who living in rural communities\nonly had an opportunity of working at Red Cross work rooms for limited periods\nof time but we also recommend that the working women of cities who have given\nexceptional service after their business hours should be considered in these\nawards.\n(2) Men or women who have rendered exceptional intensive service as\nexecutives in membership campaigns or \"drives\" for Red Cross work may be\nawarded service badge and certificate by their Division Manager or Chapter\nChairman in recognition of their efforts on behalf of the American Red Cross.\nINSPECTION - It is recommended that as all service badges will be\nshipped in the future directly from the manufactureres to the divisions that\na careful inspection be made of these badges before issuing, any found defective\nshould be returned to the manufacturer from whom the badges were received.\nSPECIAL SERVICE IN NATIONAL DISASTERS - The Committee on Awards will\nissue a certificate to those persons who have rendered great service in the time\nof national disaster and the Committee recognizes the work of the members of\nthe American Red Cross in the recent epidemic of influenza and such disaster as\nthat of Perth Amboy as being worthy of such award. They, therefore, request\nthat all Division Managers and Chairmen of Chapters requisition the number of\nthese certificates which they require for their members.\"\n/s/ G.E. Scott\nGeneral Manager\nCOPY\n21\nTO:\nAll Division Managers\nDate: August 9, 1919.\nFROM: General Manager\nSupplementing the General Manager's letters of November 25, 1918, and January\n21, 1919, covering the subject of the awarding of Red Cross Service Certificates and\nInsignia, I desire to call your attention further to the rulings of the Committee on\nAwards at National Headquarters. The Committee will shortly publish a detailed description\nof all Red Cross Insignia and proposes to issue with such description plates showing\nthe various insignia in color.\nEXECUTIVE BADGE.\nBefore proceeding, I would like to clear up a misunderstanding which has\nresulted from the publication in the April number of the Red Cross Magazine of a color\nplate of Red Cross Insignia. That color plate was inserted prematurely before the\nCommittee on Awards had been able to fully consider every design for Red Cross Insignia\nand all details in connection with its use, and without having been called to the\nattention of the General Manager.\nThe above mentioned color plate used a design for an Executive's badge and\nwe have received a number of inquiries from Divisions concerning the issuance of such\ninsignia. After mature deliberation, the Committee on Awards has decided not to issue\nany badge for Executives, the underlying reason being that the distribution of such an\naward would be undemopcratic. In the Red Cross we have all worked as best we could\nhandling such matters as came within our province. The selection of certain classes of\nmembers in places of authority in the Division or Chapter organization, who would\nautomatically receive special award has seemed to the Committee to be contrary to the\nspirit of our organization.\nSERVICE CERTIFICATES AND SERVICE INSIGNIA\nSome confusion seems to have resulted in the interpretation of the third\nparagraph of the General Manager's letter of January 21, which sets forth the minimum\nservice required for the issuance of Service Certificates and Service Insignia. While\n800 hours of service performed during the war is the minimum of time which will entitle\na worker to receive a service certificate and service badge suspended from a plain blue\nribbon, it is not necessary that this minimum of 800 hours be rendered within any given\nsix month's period. If the service rendered during the war aggregated 800 hours,\nregardless of the duration of the time necessary for the completion of that minimum of\n800 hours, provided it covered a period of at least six months, then the workers is\nentitled to receive a Service Certificate and Service Insignia.\nSERVICE CERTIFICATES AND SERVICE INSIGNIA FOR FOREIGN PERSONNEL.\nIt has been decided to issue Foreign Service Certificates and Insignia bearing\nthe words \"Foreign Service\" to those of the Red Cross personnel who have served the\nrequisite time overseas, and to issue similar certificates and insignia to all nurses\nwho have been enrolled through the Red Cross and assigned to duty abroad with the\narmed forces of our country. Nurses enrolled through the Red Cross, who have served in\nthis country, should be given Service Certificates and Service Badges under the same\nconditions which apply to all other workers. The services of the Division Directors of\nNursing have been enlisted in determining these awards. Nurses who have served abroad,\nand who may inquire concerning the award of Foreign Service Certificates and Insignia,\nCOPY\n22\n8/9/19\n-2-\nshould be directed to apply to Miss Florence M. Johnson, 44 East 23rd Street, New York\nCity, and all returning foreign personnel other than nurses, who have not already received\nForeign Service Certificates or Insignia, should be instructed to apply to Miss Martha\nDraper, 222 Fourth Avenue, New York City.\nREGULATIONS COVERING THE WEARING OF RED CROSS INSIGNIA.\nUnder a ruling of the War Department, Red Cross insignia is not to be worn\non Army uniforms.\nThe gold, silver and bronze medals of the Red Cross are to be worn only in\nfull dress. The ribbons which are provided for use in lieu of these medals, together\nwith all other medals, badges and buttons, other than the Executive Identification\nBadge, may be worn at any and all times, except with Army uniforms.\nA Service Badge, when worn, must always be suspended from a ribbon; the\nribbon must never be worn alone, nor the badge worn without the ribbon.\nUNIFORM LENGTH OF SERVICE RIBBON\nThe Committee on Awards has found that the Service Badge is most effectively\nworn when suspended from a ribbon, which measures three-quarters of an inch from the\nbar to the top of the Badge, and it is requested that workers wearing the Badge use\nthis length of ribbon in order that the desired uniformity may be obtained.\nSALE OF SERVICE RIBBON\nThe Committee on Awards originally decided to supply the Divisions, free of\ncharge, with such Service Ribbon as was necessary for use with Service Badges worn by\nthe various workers throughout the Divisions. Considerable difficulty has developed\nthrough replacement of ribbons and it has, therefore, been decided that with the\ntermination of award of additional white stripes as indicated below, no further ribbon\nwill be supplied to Divisions gratuitously. Up to such date, requisitions from the\nDivisions for ribbon will be filled as heretofore. Thereafter, all ribbon will be\nsupplied to Divisions at fifty cents a yard. It is estimated that a strip of ribbon\nthree inches in length is required for such Service Badge, and this price will permit\nthe Divisions to supply the Chapters with Service Ribbon at the uniform price of five\ncents per badge allowing for wastage from raveling etc.\nTERMINATION OF THE WARD OF SERVICE STRIPES.\nThe present plan is to provide a blue ribbon, from which the Service Badge\nis suspended, which denotes six months' service, and blue ribbon containing additional\nwhite stripes for each successive six months' period of service rendered our organization\nduring the war, beginning April 6, 1917.\nThe Committee on Awards will be guided in the issuance of additional white\nstripes by the ruling of the War Department covering the issuance of Service Stripes.\nIn all probability, the issuance of additional service stripes will terminate with\nthe exchange of ratifications of the Peace Treaty by the belligerent Powers. Definite\ninstructions on this point will be sent out later.\nGeneral manager\n23\nTHE AMERICAN RED CROSS\nNATIONAL HEADQUARTERS\nTo:\nAll Division Managers.\nDate: November 8, 1919.\nFrom:\nGeneral Manager.\nSubject: Award of Service Certificates and Insignia.\nI wish to call your attention to the following rulings of the\nCommittee on Awards concerning the further issuance of service certifi-\ncates, badges, buttons and service stripes.\n\"Service rendered to the American Red Cross after\nNovember 11, 1919 will not be counted toward the\nacquisition of war service certificates, badges,\nbuttons and service stripes\".\nThis means that after November 11, 1919, no service rendered\nthe organization will be taken into consideration in computing the min-\nimum amount of service which is necessary to entitle any worker to re-\nceive war service certificate or service insignia or additional service\nstripes, although any worker who has completed the minimum amount of\nservice on or before November 11, 1919, will be entitled to receive a\nservice certificate and be privileged to obtain the service insignia.\nLikewise, additional service stripes on ribbons attached to badges of\nwomen workers will be awarded to those workers whose service up to and\nincluding November 11, 1919, has extended over the requisite period of\ntime.\n\"Service badges and buttons awarded for service\nduring the war shall never be awarded again,\nthereby making such evidence of war service\nfor that purpose exclusive.\"\n\"After November 11, 1919, the holder of the women's\nbadge is given the option to wear such badge sus-\npended from the ribbon, or in the form of a pin\".\n\"Four stripe service ribbon is now available for\nissuance to Divisions, and through Divisions to\nChapter workers, under the same rules of requi-\nsition as governed one, two and three stripe\nribbon\".\nThe Committee has under consideration appropriate recognition,\nby service insignia, of Red Cross service performed during peace times.\nThese rulings should be given the widest possible publicity.\nF. C. Munroe\nGeneral Manager\n24\nTHE AMERICAN RED CROSS\nNATIONAL HEADQUARTERS\n(1919) 8-11- Pack\nWASHINGTON, D.C.\nMr. Eliot Wadsworth,\nc/o Harvard Endownment Fund,\n20 Broad Street,\nNew York, N. Y.\nDear Mr Wadsworth:\nYou will be interested in the attached copy of\nletter, which has been sent out to each Division Manager covering the\nquestion of award of silver and bronze medals to workers in this country.\nCordially yours,\nH. J. Hughes\nVice-Chairman, Committee on Awards.\nHJH/MLW\n25\nCOPY\nAugust 5, 1919.\nMr. George F. Oxley,\nDivision Manager,\nMountain Division, American Red Cross,\n14th & Welton Streets,\nDenver, Colorado.\nMy dear Mr. Oxley:\nI want to write you a personal letter concerning a problem\nto which the Committee on Awards at National Headquarters has been giv-\ning very serious thought in the past few weeks, namely the advisability\nand means of distributing a limited number of silver and bronze medals\nto our workers in this country.\nAs you know, the War Council appointed the Committee on\nAwards, and directed it to arrange for the distribution of service in-\nsignia, and gold, silver and bronze medals to commemorate exceptional\nservice of various kinds rendered our organization during the war.\nIt was originally planned to limit the award of silver med-\nals to twenty-five, and to award bronze medals only to families of those\nRed Cross workers who had died while rendering war service. Already,\nten silver medals have been awarded through the Belgian Commission, al-\nthough no bronze medals have as yet been distributed.\nThe Committee on Awards at Headquarters has received recom-\nmendations from many of the foreign Commissions for the award of silver\nand bronze medals, and immediately the question arose as to how to deal\nwith the situation at home. We all appreciate that it will be absolutely\nimpossible to reward all those who have, unselfishly, heroically and\nin the most splendid Red Cross spirit, done their duty, and yet it did\nnot seem proper to take special recognition of distinguished and\nmeritorious service performed for our organization abroad and fail to\nprovide some means by which such service in this country could be cor-\nrespondingly recognized. The Committee consequently decided to award\nbronze medals not only to those families of workers who died while per-\nforming war work for the Red Cross, but to make our National, Division-\nal and Chapter workers eligible for the silver and bronze medal as well.\nIt is planned to distribute in all approximately fifty silver medals and\nthree hundred bronze medals.\nThe plan was originally considered to have each Chapter make\nrecommendations to Divisions, and have these recommendations after being\npassed upon in the Divisions, transmitted to National Headquarters, and\nyet, upon mature consideration, it seemed that the operation of such a\nplan, in view of the limited number of medals for disposal, would re-\nsult in many recommendations and many disappointments. As an alterna-\n2 6\n8/5/19\n-2-\ntive, it has been suggested that each Division Manager recommend the\naward of two silver medals and approximately ten to fifteen bronze\nmedals to members within his Division.\nThe controlling factor in the selection of workers for rec-\nommendation would be:\n1- Service peculiarly out of the ordinary.\n2- Service entailing exceptional personal sacrifice.\n3- Service of unusual length.\nNote particularly that the importance of the position in the\norganization held by the person recommended will not be considered at all\nas a factor. Briefly, the silver medal is awarded for highly disting-\nuished service, and the bronze medal for highly meritorious service to\nthe Red Cross in time of war.\nI know this suggested task is difficult, and yet, in fairness\nto our workers at home, we should give them an opportunity to receive\nspecial recognition if the same opportunity is extended to the organiza-\ntion abroad. The alternative of having the recommendations come from\nthe Chapters, while theoretically fairer, would produce recommendations\nfar in excess of the number of medals to be awarded, hence, cannot be\nfollowed.\nYour first thought perhaps will be that the Committee should\nallot a definite number of silver and bronze medals to each Division in\naccordance with relative membership figures, and yet, an award along\nthese lines would be objectionable because an arbitrary equality of div-\nision apparently was sought to be obtained at the expense of the under-\nlieing spirit which must control each award.\nOn the whole, frankly, there is no absolutely just way in\nwhich the medals can be awarded, and it seemed best to leave the recom-\nmendations to the sound discretion of each Division Manager, who, after\nrealizing the total number of medals to be issued, will make his cor-\nresponding recommendations. You will, of course, wish to consult with\nMr. Morey and your Committee on Awards before any recommendations are\nsubmitted.\nWill you consider this problem and advise us whether the Com-\nmittee on Awards may expect your recommendations not later than September\n15th ? Each recommendation should carry with it a detailed description\nof the unusual service performed. In the interim, no announcement of\nany kind concerning this matter should be made.\nCordially yours,\nGeneral Manager\n27\nD.R. 343lff.\nOctober 6, 1919.\nDr. Livingston Farrand,\nChairman, Executive Committee,\nAmerican Red Cross,\nWashington, D. C.\nMy dear Dr. Farrand:\nThe Committee on Awards has, at a meeting recently\nheld in New York, discussed very fully the whole subject connected with\nthe award of Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals, and decided to lay this sub-\nject before you with the thought that perhaps you would care to discuss\nthe matter with your Executive Committee.\nThe situation is as follows:\nThis Committee was appointed by the War Council under Reso-\nlution passed December 3, 1918, and its duties were more specifically\noutlined under Resolution of the War Council passed December 20, 1918\nfrom which Resolution we quote as follows:\n\"The Committee is instructed to pass\nupon recommendations for the awarding\nof Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals,\nand to recommend to the War Council\nthe granting of the same\".\nThe April issue of the Red Cross Magazine carried color plates\nshowing medals and badges of the A.R.C. including the Gold, Silver and\nBronze Medals, and it was generally understood that the Gold Medal was to be\nawarded for conspicuous valor, the Silver Medal for distinguished service,\nand the Bronze Medal for highly meritorious service performed during the\nwar, and in addition that the Bronze Medal would be awarded to the families\nof all Red Cross workers who died during the war while in Red Cross service.\nIt is in connection with the work of this Committee as it relates to the\naward of Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals for special service to the Red Cross\nduring the war, and also the award of the Bronze Medal to the families of\nRed Cross workers who died in service during the war that your Committee desires\nclearer instructions.\nThe Committee, soon after its appointment, asked all foreign\nCommissioners of the Red Cross to make recommendations as to the award-\ning of medals to the members and workers of their respective Commissions;\nand asked further that citations describing the work done and the reasons\nfor the recommendations in each case be submitted.\n28\n10/6/19\n-2-\nThe response to this request for recommendations has not been\nat all uniform.\nThe Commissioner to France appointed a committee which made a\nvery complete report, and recommended a number of men and women from many\ndifferent departments, giving very complete information with each recom-\nmendation.\nThe Commissioner to Belgium did the same.\nThe Commissioner to Great Britain declined to made any recom-\nmendations. He has, since returning to America, written to the Commit-\ntee, reciting the work done by the various members of his Commission, but\nwithout recommendation as to the relative value of such work.\nThe Commissioner to Italy made a report with recommendations,\nand has since added to this report.\nThe Commissioner to Greece has recently filed his recommenda-\ntions.\nThe Commissioner to the Balkans has not yet filed his recommen-\ndations, except as to the Queen of Roumania, but we understand will do SO.\nThe Commissioner to Russia has filed a letter giving certain\ninformation about the members of the staff, but with no recommendations.\nThere are no reports from the Commissioner to Siberia, the Com-\nmissioner to Northern Russia nor the Commissioner to Palestine, although\nin some instances, members of these various Commissions have made individual\nrecommendations.\nIn addition to such recommendations as have been received, there\nhave been various and individual and departmental recommendations presented\nto the Committee which, as they related to workers in Europe, didenot in\nevery case agree with the recommendations received from the Commissioners.\nThis detail is given to show the relative unevenness of the in-\nformation placed at the disposal of the Committee on Awards from which it\nmay finally take action.\nThe Committee on Awards considered the situation in America with\ngreat care. It was first suggested that a request be sent to every Chapter asking for\nrecommendations and citations. This action being deemed inadvisable, a letter\nwas sent to the Division Managers asking them to make recommendations as to\nthe awards of, approximately, two silver medals and from twelve to fifteen\nbronze medals in each Division. The various replies from Division Managers\nseemed to show that they considered the carrying out of this request as\nexceedingly difficult. The matter was then discussed fully at the last Division'S\nManagers' Conference held August 26th, 1919, and the Division Managers again\nexpressed themselves, in your presence, on general subject of the awarding of\nmedals; and, almost unanimously unfavorably towards such action by the Red Cross.\n10/6/19\n29\n-3-\nAs far as making awards in America goes, the matter rests there.\nThe only awards which have been made to date are all for Foreign\nService. These awards total ten Silver Medals and were made upon recom-\nmendation of the Commissioner to Belgium and in response to cable urging\nhaste (the exchange of cables covering this subject are hereto attached for\nyour information).\nConsent to the awards recommended by the Commissioner to Belgium\nwas cabled by the Vice Chairman after consultation with Mr. Douglas Stewart,\nthe only other members of the Committee at that time, Mrs. Draper and Mrs.\nBelmont, being unavailable.\nThe Committee is faced with the following problems upon which\nit desires specific instructions.\nFirst: In view of the expression of opinion by certain Com-\nmissioners and the Division Managers, shall the awarding of Med-\nals be continued or stopped?\nSecond: Shall the awarding of medals to workers in America be\nabandoned, but the awarding of medals to American workers over-\nseas be continued?\nThird: If the awarding of medals is continued, what action\nis suggested that will present to the Committee on Awards\nproper data upon which to act? (a) From European Commiss-\nioners. (b) From the organization in America.\nFourth: If the award of medals is to continue, will the Of-\nficers and Executive Committee suggest a plan for providing\nthe Committee on Awards with the necessary information upon\nwhich recommendations for award can be made to the Executive\nCommittee, or, will the Executive Committee change the exist-\ning policy so that the Committee on Awards may itself carry\non a general campaign for information without definite recom-\nmendations and from such information as may be obtained to\nmake appropriate awards?\nFifth: Is the Bronze Medal to be awarded to the families of\nall Red Cross workers who have died while in Red Cross service\nduring the war, irrespective of the type of service then being\nrendered or the cause of the death, or, is the Bronze Medal to\nbe awarded to only those families whose members died rendering\nconspicuous service to the Red Cross during the war?\nIt seems to the Committee that with respect particularly to the\nabove outlined problems, its instructions and authority are not sufficiently\nwell defined in order to enable it to carry forward this very important\nwork in a proper manner.\nWhatever may be the decision of the Executive Committee in con-\nnection with the problems above mentioned as they refer specifically to\n10/6/19\n30\n-4-\nAmerican citizens who were American Red Cross workers either at home or\nabroad, the Committee on Awards feels it will be the wish of the Exec-\nutive Committee to proceed with the awarding of medals based upon recom-\nmendations received from foreign Commissions to citizens of our allies\nwho have rendered distinguished aid to our organization abroad during the\nwar, and the Committee is, therefore, presenting the names of those for-\neigners who have already been recommended for special recognition by our\nforeign Commissions and which recommendations have been passed upon by\nthis Committee as acceptable.\nAt this time, it seems proper to state that the members of the\nCommittee feel that the American Red Cross has been in the past, and is\nnow, committed to the policy of awarding medals to its presonnel for ser-\nvices rendered the organization. If the Executive Committee determines\nto follow this policy and award medals for this war, the Committee urge\nthat the distribution should in justice be made to all workers within the\norganization without distinction as to home or overseas enlistment.\nRespectfully,\n(signed) Eliot Wadsworth\nWilloughby G. Walling\nHelen Fidelia Draper\nEleanor R. Belmont\nby HFD\nCommittee on Awards.\nCOPY\n9262\nTHE AMERICAN RED CROSS\nNational Headquarters\nTo:\nAll Department Heads\nDate: November 11, 1919.\nFrom:\nGeneral Manager\nSubject: Award of Service Certificates, Insignia and Service Stripes\nI wish to call your attention to the following rulings of the Committee\non Awards concerning the further issuance of service certificates, badges, buttons\nand service stripes.\n\"Service rendered to the American Red Cross after\nNovember 11, 1919 will not be counted toward the\nacquisition of war service certificates, badges,\nbuttons and service stripes.\"\nThis means that after November 11, 1919, no service rendered the organi-\nzation will be taken into consideration in computing the minimum amount of ser-\nvice which is necessary to entitle any worker to receive war service certificate\nor service insignia or additional service stripes, although any worker who has\ncompleted the minimum amount of service on or before November 11, 1919, will be\nentitled to receive a service certificate and be privileged to obtain the service\ninsignia. Likewise, additional service stripes on ribbons attached to badges of\nwomen workers will be awarded to those workers whose service up to and including\nNovember 11, 1919, has extended over the requisite period of time.\n\"Service badges and buttons awarded for service\nduring the war shall never be awarded again,\nthereby making such evidence of war service\nfor that purpose exclusive\".\n\"After November 11, 1919, the holder of the women's\nbadge is given the option to wear such badge sus-\npended from the ribbon, or in the form of a pin\".\n\"Four stripe service ribbon is now available for\nworkers at National Headquarters, under the same\nrule that governed the issuance of the one, two\nand three stripe ribbon; application for same\nshould be made to National Headquarters Committee\non Awards\". (Room 16 Main Building)\nThe Committee has under consideration appropriate recognition by service\ninsignia, of Red Cross service performed during peace time.\nAll workers in each Department should be made familiar with these rulings.\n/s/ F. C. Munroe\nGeneral Manager\nCOPY\n9738\nTHE AMERICAN RED CROSS\nNational Headquarters\nTo:\nAll Division Managers\nDate: December 16, 1919\nFrom: General Manager\nAttached hereto will be found a recent important statement issued by\nthe Executive Committee bearing on the subject of the award of medals.\nYou are requested to have this statement appear verbatim in your Divi-\nsion Bulletin, and see that it is given the widest possible publicity, and es-\npecially that each member of your Division Committee on Awards receives a copy\nof this announcement.\nIt is considered extremely essential that each Chapter be acquainted with\nthis action taken by the Executive Committee.\n/s/ F. C. Munroe\nCOPY\nart, 12/16/19\n9738\nIt has long been the policy of the American Red Cross to\nrecognize in some special way, acts of bravery or devotion in the cause\nof humanity.\nBefore the war, medals were awarded from time to time, at the\nAnnual Meeting and on other occasions, with the desire of honoring men\nand women whose services had been notable.\nVery early in the period of the Great War, the War Council ap-\npreciated the need of some new and appropriate method of giving recognition\nin permanent form to the valiant army of workers who constituted the Great\nSociety of the American Red Cross, at home and abroad.\nAfter full deliberation, two new plans were devised of which all\nmembers of the Society were notified.\nFirst: The service badge and button were created to be granted\nto all workers under simple regulations.\nSecond: Three new medals were created: gold, silver and bronze.\nThese medals were to be used as a decoration of honor\nfor brilliant and especial service to the American Red\nCross.\nA Committee on Awards was appointed, and the duty delegated to\nit of studying the reports from every source and of recommending to the\nExecutive Committee the award of the medals.\nThis Committee has studied the situation with the utmost care,\nreceiving reports from Foreign Commissions, conferring with Division\nManagers and Department Heads, and seeking advice from many Red Cross\nworkers. The result of prolonged consideration is the mature conclusion\nthat it is impracticable to do justice among the millions of Red Cross\nworkers in making special awards for special service.\nThe Red Cross is the most democratic of all societies.\n\"All workers have done their best\", no matter how small or unpretentious\nthe opportunity may have been. In the war area, or in an epidemic, or in\na modest workroom, the opportunity for devoted service in the interest\nof mankind has always brought forth its ready response. How can it be\nsaid that one service is greater than another? Only, perhaps by the fact\nthat one service is better known to the world than another; and this is not\na basis for judging the work done in the interest of humanity and for the\nrelief of suffering.\nThe Committee made three recommendations, which have been approved\nby the Executive Committee:\nFirst: That the bronze medal should be awarded to the\nfamilies of those who died during their active\nservice with the American Red Cross, and be-\ncause of such service.\nSecond: That silver and bronze medals should be award-\ned to foreigners who assisted with special dis-\ntingtion in the work of the American Red Cross\nCommissions throughout the world.\nCOPY\n12/16/19\n9738\n- 2 -\nThird: That to all American workers throughout the\nworld, the service badges and buttons and the\nservice certificates should forever constitute\nthe recognition of the American Red Cross for\nwork done in its interest in the most lofty or\nthe most humble occupations. To carry out this\nrecommendation, it has been determined that the\nbadges, buttons and service certificates shall\nonly be issued, under the present form, for ser-\nvices rendered during the war and for one year\nafter the Armistice.\nIn the years to come, the badge of service in the war will\nbe a permanent distinction, and the holder thereof will become known\nthroughout the world as one of those whose personal effort made the\nAmerican Red Cross possible. It was the effort of these millions of\nmen, women and children, unselfishly toiling wherever the opportunity\nexisted, that made permanent foundation for the great Society of which\nevery member is proud. These workers created with their own hearts and\nhands a spirit which will forever be known as the Red Cross Spirit.\nWithout distinction or selection, they all wear the simple evidence\nwhich proves their proud membership in this great army, organized in the\ninterest of humanity.\nCOPY\nTHE AMERICAN RED CROSS\n10306\nNational Headquarters\nD. M. 18\nTo:\nAll Division Managers and\nDate:\nFebruary 12, 1920\nDepartment Heads\nFrom: General Manager\nSubject: Award of Service Insignia\nThe following is a digest of the recent important decisions of the\nNational Committee on Awards with respect to the award of service insignia.\nYou are requested to have this statement appear verbatim in your\nDivision Bulletin, and see that it is given the widest possible publicity,\nand especially that each member of your Division Committee on Awards receives\na copy of this announcement.\nIt is considered extremely essential that each Chapter be acquainted\nwith this action.\n1.\nThe National Committee on Awards desires to call attention again to\nthe matter referred to in the notice of the General Manager of December 3, 1919,\nnamely, the necessity of strict uniformity in all matters relating to Red Cross\ninsignia. The Executive Committee has given to the National Committee on\nAwards full power to deal with all these questions and the Committee on Awards\nhas passed the following vote in this connection:\n\"VOTED: That no insignia in recognition of Red Cross Service or\nmembership shall be issued by any Division, Department,\nChapter, Branch or Auxiliary or other unit until such\ninsignia shall have been approved by National Headquarters,\nit being the sense of the National Committee on Awards that\nstrict uniformity throughout the entire Red Cross organiza-\ntion is highly essential in all matters relating to the\nissuance of insignia.\"\n2.\nThe Committee very strongly urges that all requisitions and recommen-\ndations for the issuance of war service certificates, badges and buttons be\npresented before March 1, 1920, so that the work of issuing such insignia may\nbe terminated on that date.\n3.\nThe Committee has passed the following vote with respect to the\nawarding of service stripes to women workers:\n- 2 -\n2/12/20\n\"VOTED: That in those cases where women workers lacked not to\nexceed two months service which would entitle them to\ntheir third or fourth service stripes on November 11,\n1919, exception may be made to the general rule and the\nthird or fourth service stripe awarded in such special\ncases.\"\nUnder the present regulations women whose service was continuous from\nMay 11, 1917 to November 11, 1919 are entitled to four stripes, and women\nwhose service was continuous from November 11, 1917 to November 11, 1919\nare entitled to three stripes. The effect of the ruling quoted above is\nthat women whose service was continuous from July 11, 1917 to November 11,\n1919 are entitled to four stripes and women whose service was continuous from\nJanuary 11, 1918 to November 11, 1919 are entitled to three stripes.\nThis exception was limited to those who were about to acquire their\nthird or fourth service stripes on November 11, 1919, for the reason that it\nwas felt that those who had served from the earlier days of the war period\nwere entitled to this special recognition.\n4.\nThe Committee passed the following vote with respect to the issuance\nof service certificates and insignia:\n\"VOTED: That no individual shall be entitled to receive\nRed Cross service certificates or insignia except\nfor service rendered within the Red Cross organ-\nization over the requisite period of time.\"\nThis vote was passed in response to the question as to whether service\ninsignia should be issued to individual members of organizations entirely\ndistinct from the Red Cross, which organizations may have manufactured supplies\nto be distributed by the Red Cross, or may have cooperated in some other similar\nmanner. Under the vote quoted, these individuals would not be entitled to\ninsignia. The rule is to be interpreted however as including persons whose\nwork was done under the direction of the Red Cross organization and as a\nservice to the Red Cross, rather than to another body. Thus Boy Scouts who\nserved as messengers for the Red Cross in many instances, would be entitled\nto insignia because while they were acting as Boy Scouts, nevertheless their\n- 3 -\n2/12/20\nservice was rendered directly to the Red Cross and under the Direction of Red\nCross officers.\n5.\nUnder a recent decision of the Committee, which has been transmitted to\nall Divisions, it was announced that medals are to be awarded to the families\nof Red Cross personnel who died during active Red Cross war service and because\nof such service. The following regulations have been approved by the Committee\non Awards to make provision for the issuance of these medals.\n\"PERSONNEL IN FOREIGN RED CROSS SERVICE.\n1. Any person who dies abroad while engaged in Red Cross foreign war service\nis to be considered as having died because of such service, unless specific\nfacts are brought to the attention of the Committee which may make such a\nconclusion manifestly untenable.\n2. The Secretary of the National Committee on Awards shall endeavor to\nsecure the names of all persons who died in the foreign Red Cross war service,\ntogether with the necessary information to enable the Committee to act intel-\nligently in each case. This information may be supplied by any one having\nknowledge of the facts and need not necessarily come from the foreign commis-\nsion with which the deceased served, though it is desirable, if possible, to\nobtain the indorsement of some member of such foreign commission on each state-\nment submitted for consideration in making an award.\nPERSONNEL IN RED CROSS SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES\n1. In the case of persons who died in Red Cross service in this country it is\nthe sense of the Committee that it should be affirmatively shown that death was\nthe result of service rendered by the deceased to the Red Cross; the awards to\nbe made for either full time or part time workers, whether volunteer or paid,\nprovided it be shown that death occurred during their active war service with\nthe American Red Cross and because of such service.\n2. Recommendations for the awards of medals in connection with persons who\ndied in Red Cross service in the United States may be submitted by any person\nfamiliar with the facts and should be approved:\n(1) In the case of Chapter workers by two members of the Executive\nCommittee or Board of the Chapter and by the Division Committee on Awards\nwhere one exists and by the Division Manager.\n(2) In the case of Division workers by the head of the Department\nand by the Division Committee on Awards where one exists, and by the Div-\nision Manager.\n(3) In the case of Headquarters workers by the Head of the Depart-\nment and the General Manager.\n3. The Secretary shall take necessary steps to see that all concerned receive\nfull information of the regulations approved by the Committee with respect to\n2/12/20\n- 4 -\nthe award of medals to the families of personnel who died in the Red Cross service\nin this country, but it is the sense of this Committee that it should not under-\ntake to secure information of its own motion in individual cases other than by\ngiving full publicity to the regulations by which such awards are to be made.\"\nAttached hereto is a form that should be used in submitting information\nto the Committee for its consideration in making these awards. It is important\nthat all of the information indicated by it should be transmitted to the com-\nmittee. Supporting documents such as letters or certificates bearing out the\nfacts set forth on this form should be attached to it, as the committee desires\nto secure all possible information concerning each case.\nYou should make sure that each Chapter in your Division is made acquainted\nwith these regulations and understands that the information called for in the\nattached form must be submitted to the National Committee on Awards before con-\nsideration will be given to the Recommendation for the Awards of these medals.\nChapters should either be supplied with some of the attached forms or else be\ninstructed to secure same from Division Headquarters in case a recommendation\nfor the award of a medal is to be submitted.\n/s/ F. C. Munroe\nGeneral Manager\nCOPY\n2/12/20\nRecommendation for the Award of Medal to the Family of\nDeceased Red Cross Worker.\n1. Full name of deceased.\n2. Home Address.\n3. Nationality.\n4. Age.\n5. Brief description of service of deceased with Red Cross giving date and places\nof such service.\n6. Date and place of death\n7. Cause of death\n8. Did death occur during active foreign service with the Red Cross\n(If death occurred in this country a statement should be attached hereto-if\npossible from the attending physician - giving circumstances showing that\ndeath occurred during active war service with the Red Cross and because of\nsuch service.)\n9. Name and address of relative of deceased to whom metal, if awarded, should be\nsent\n10. Relationship of this person to the deceased\nSubmitted by\nApproved:\nApproved:\n(For the Chapter or Department)\n(Form the Division Com. on Awards.)\n(Division Manager)\nIn the case of Chapter workers this statement should be approved by two members of the\nChapter Board; for Division workers by the head of the Department and in both cases by\nthe Division Manager and the Division Committee on Awards, (where one exists). In the\ncase of Headquarters Workers approval should be by the Head of the Department and the\nGeneral Manager.\n10306\nCOPY\nD. M. 60\nTHE AMERICAN RED CROSS\nNational Headquarters\nTo:\nAll Division Managers\nDate:\nMay 14, 1920\nFrom: General Manager\nSubject: Awards of Service Insignia\nThe following is an important decision of the National Committee\non Awards with respect to the awards of service insignia.\nPlease publish this statement verbatim in your Division bulletin\nand see that it is given the widest possible publicity and especially\nthat each member of your Division Committee on Awards receives a copy\nof this announcement.\nIn connection with the award of medals to the families of deceased\npersonnel, the following questions have been raised:\n(1) The period of service to be considered in making these awards.\n(2) Whether medals would be awarded only for strictly war service\nor for other forms of service.\nIn response to these questions the Committee on Awards passed the\nfollowing vote:\nVOTED: That it is the sense of the National Committee on Awards\nthat the regulations heretofore adopted governing the\naward of medals to the families of deceased personnel\nshould be considered as being limited to the cases of\npersonnel who died or whose fatal illness was incurred\nduring the period from April 6, 1917 to November 11,\n1919, and that the services of any persons who died\nduring their active Red Cross service and because of such\nservice within that period are to be considered in making\nthese awards.\nThus the service of any Red Cross worker who died during the\nperiod from April 6, 1917 to November 11, 1919, or whose fatal illness was\nincurred during that period, is to be considered as war service in making\nthese awards.\n/s/ F. C. Munroe\nGeneral Manager\n11174"
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