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    "title": "The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization",
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    "ocrText": "EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT\nOFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION\nWASHINGTON 25, D. c.\nOFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR\nJohn\nI wil ack\nJAN 1 8 1961\nMEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT\nAs you remarked in your gracious letter accepting my\nresignation, our Nation has taken great strides in nonmilitary\ndefense. That this has been so is due in large measure to your\ninspiring leadership, particularly through your promulgation\nof the National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization.\nSince the Plan was issued in October 1958, all of its annexes\nhave been completed, additional supporting documents developed,\nand, most importantly, the Plan put into practice a.s the basis\nfor planning and readiness activities by all levels of government.\nI sincerely believe the Nation to be better prepared as a result\nof the Plan and its consequent application.\nDivent D. Elsenhower REPRESENT\nBEL\nIn remembrance of this accomplishment, and of your personal\nsupport during the past eight years, all the personnel of the\nOffice of Civil and Defense Mobilization join with me in pre-\nsenting to you this volume of the National Plan for Civil Defense\nand Defense Mobilization and its annexes.\nLeo A. Hoegh\nTHE NATIONAL PLAN\nfor\nCivil Defense and Defense Mobilization\nUNITED\nThe Dwight of\nExecutive Office of the President\nOFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION\nTHE NATIONAL PLAN\nfor\nCivil Defense and Defense Mobilization\n. Library BUL\nExecutive Office of the President\nOFFICE OF DEFENSE AND CIVILIAN MOBILIZATION\nOctober 1958\nPromulgation\nIt is the clear and unequivocal position of the United\nStates that conflict and disagreement among nations should\nnot be resolved by the use of force. The United States will\ncontinue through all available channels to attempt reso-\nlution of disagreements by all means that will allow peace\nwith honor. Nevertheless, SO long as direct or indirect\naggression is used as an instrument of national policy by\nany nation, common prudence requires that every effort be\nmade to protect the people of the United States by both\nactive and passive means of defense.\nCivil Defense and Defense Mobilization are vital parts\nof the Nation's total defense.\nThe National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense\nMobilization is promulgated in accordance with the pro-\nvisions of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958, other appli-\ncable laws and executive orders.\nThe Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization,\nshall manage and direct the civil defense and defense\nmobilization programs of the United States.\nThe Dwight D.\nAgencies of the Executive Branch of the Federal\nGovernment shall plan, prepare and undertake actions for\nthe execution of this Plan as assigned by the Director.\nPeriodic testing of plans and programs developed in\nconformance with this Plan shall be conducted and reports\non readiness conditions shall be submitted to the Director.\nPresident\n[iii]\nPreface\nThis Plan establishes national nonmilitary courses of\naction and the role of the Federal Government, the States,\ntheir political subdivisions and the people to deter aggres-\nsion, and in the event of aggression to enable the Nation\nto survive, recover and win.¹\nThe Plan anticipates three principal contingencies:\n1. International tension, but not of such extreme\nnature as to require the invocation of full emergency\nauthorities\n2. Limited war, defined as a situation in which United\nStates forces are engaged overseas, but in which there is\nno immediate expectation of nuclear attack on the conti-\nnental United States\n3. General war, including massive nuclear attack.\nIt is designed to be flexible and adaptable to changes\nin international relations, techniques and materiel of war-\nfare and to other pertinent factors.\nThe National Plan is a statement of principles, respon-\nsibilities, requirements and broad courses of action, sup-\nported and amplified by annexes. While other documents\nconcerning civil defense and defense mobilization will be\nissued as necessary, each will be subordinate to and com-\npatible with this Plan.\n1 For courses of action to meet conditions arising from major natural\ndisasters, see Annex 40, NATURAL DISASTER MANUAL.\n[iv]\nContents\nPage\nPREFACE\niv\nINDEX OF ANNEXES\nvii\nI. PLANNING BASIS\n1\nA. International Tension\n1\nB. Limited War\n1\nC. General War\n2\nII. MISSION\n2\nIII. RESPONSIBILITIES\n3\nA. Federal Government\n3\nB. State Governments\n3\nC. Local Governments\n3\nD. Industry\n3\nE. The Public\n4\nIV. ORGANIZATION\n4\nA. Federal\n4\nB. State and Local\n5\nC. Channel of Coordination\n6\nV. FUNCTIONS FOR PROTECTION OF LIFE\nAND PROPERTY\n7\nThe Dwight D.\nA. Continuity of Government\n7\nB. Public Information and Education\n7\nC. Reduction of Vulnerability\n7\nD. Warning of Attack\n8\nE. Preparations for Damage Assessment\n9\nF. Communications\n10\nG. Maintenance of Government, Law and\nOrder\n12\nH. Disaster Services\n13\nI. Emergency Protection from Delayed or\nUnconventional Weapons Effects\n15\n[v]\nVI. FUNCTIONS FOR MOBILIZATION AND\nPage\nMANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES AND\nPRODUCTION\n17\nA. Development and Maintenance of Essential\nResources\n18\nB. Reserves of Consumer End Products\n19\nC. Protection of the National Industrial\nPlant\n19\nD. Preparations for Resource Mobilization and\nManagement\n20\nE. Exercise of Authorities and Controls\n21\nF. Management of Resources After Attack on\nthe Continental United States\n22\nG. Management of Facilities After Attack on\nthe Continental United States\n26\nVII. SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS\n28\nA. Research and Development\n28\nB. Training and Education\n28\nC. Federal Assistance\n29\nD. Review, Tests and Inspection\n29\nE. Maintenance of the National Plan\n30\nGLOSSARY OF TERMS\n31\n[vi]\nIndex of Annexes\n1. Planning Basis\n2. Individual Action\n3. Organization for Civil Defense and Defense Mobiliza-\ntion\n4. Authorities for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization\n5. Federal Delegations and Assignments\n6. Federal Emergency Procedures\n7. Role of the Military\n8. Preparations for Continuity of Government\n9. Public Information\n10. National Shelter Plan\n11. Protection of Essential Facilities\n12. Controlled Movement\n13. Warning\n14. Damage Assessment\nDWIENT The D. Elsenhown\n15. Communications\n16. Maintenance of Law and Order\n17. Disaster Services\n18. National Medical and Health Plan\n19. Mass Care and Assistance\n20. Registration and Information\n21. National Fire Protection Plan\n22. Clandestine and Unexploded Ordnance Defense\n23. National Radiological Defense Plan\n[vii]\n24. National Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense\nPlan\n25. Maintenance of Essential Resources\n26. Protection and Continuity of the National Industrial\nPlant\n27. Emergency Financial Controls\n28. Management of Emergency Production\n29. Emergency Distribution and Consumption Controls\n30. National Manpower Plan\n31. National Food Plan\n32. National Water Plan\n33. National Energy and Minerals Plan\n34. National Transportation Plan\n35. Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities\n36. Research and Development\n37. Training and Education\n38. Federal Assistance\n39. Review, Tests and Inspection\n40. Natural Disaster Manual\n41. Summary of Annexes\n[viii]\nTHE NATIONAL PLAN\nfor Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization\nI. Planning Basis 1\nThree contingencies most directly affecting civil defense\nand defense mobilization are international tension, limited\nwar and general war.\nA. International Tension\nIt is assumed that periods of extreme international\ntension may occur. In such cases, when the President or\nthe Congress finds that the national security demands the\ninvocation of extraordinary authority for civil defense\nprograms short of the declaration of a civil defense emer-\ngency, civil defense, and defense mobilization measures\nwould be accelerated.\nB. Limited War\n0 DIMERT Library 1141\nIt is assumed that limited wars may occur in various\nparts of the world. Depending on size of forces involved,\nduration of hostilities, kinds of weapons used and degree of\nU. S. involvement, such limited wars may require degrees\nof mobilization of U. S. resources, production and man-\npower, and acceleration of U. S. nonmilitary defense as a\nmatter of prudence.\n1 See Annex 1, PLANNING BASIS.\n483101 0-58-2\n[1]\nC. General War\nIt is assumed, in the absence of international agree-\nment, that weapons employed in an attack against the\nUnited States would be predominantly of multimegaton\nyield. The use of biological and chemical agents is possible.\nDelivery systems in the next few years would be pre-\ndominantly man-operated, with a resulting probable maxi-\nmum tactical warning of initial attack of three hours for\nthe Nation as a whole; thereafter, delivery systems would\nbe predominantly unmanned, with maximum tactical warn-\ning of initial attack reduced to one-half hour for the Nation\nas a whole. AT ANY TIME DURING THIS PERIOD,\nATTACK COULD COME WITH NO TACTICAL\nWARNING.\nStrategic warning is a possibility.\nII. Mission\nThe national defense objective is to deter either limited\nor general war or, if deterrence fails, to prosecute the war\nsuccessfully and recover from it.\nWithin this objective, and as an integral part of the\ntotal defense of the Nation, the mission of civil defense and\ndefense mobilization is\n1. Protection of life and property by preparing for and\nby carrying out nonmilitary functions to prevent, minimize,\nrepair and recover from injury and damage.\n2. Mobilization and management of resources and pro-\nduction.\n[2]\nIII. Responsibilities\nAll citizens and governments at all levels, by virtue of\ntheir inherent obligation to support the common defense,\nare jointly responsible for the civil defense and defense\nmobilization of the Nation.\nA. Federal Government\nThe Federal Government is responsible for direction\nand coordination of the total national effort.\nB. State Governments\nThe government of each State is responsible for the\ndirection and coordination of the civil defense and defense\nmobilization activities of the State and its political sub-\ndivisions.\nC. Local Governments\nThe government of each political subdivision is respon-\nD.\nsible for the direction and coordination of the civil defense\nand defense mobilization activities of that subdivision.\nBUL\nD. Industry\nThe leaders of industry, agriculture, labor and financial\ninstitutions are responsible, in cooperation with appropriate\ngovernment agencies, for planning and executing measures\ndesigned to assure the continued functioning, or rapid\nrestoration to functioning, of the essential elements of the\nnational economy.\n[3]\nE. The Public\nIndividuals and families are responsible for sustaining\nthemselves in an emergency and for contributing to the\ngeneral survival and recovery effort.2 Professional, labor,\nservice, religious, civic and social organizations are respon-\nsible for making such contributions to the preparation for\nand assurance of national, State or community survival as\nmay be possible.\nIV. Organization\nA. Federal 4\n1. The Director commands the Office of Civil and De-\nfense Mobilization (OCDM) and, acting for the\nPresident, coordinates and directs the civil defense\nand defense mobilization activities of the Federal\nGovernment.\n2. The head of each Federal department and agency,\ncoordinated by the Director, OCDM, plans and\nconducts such civil defense and defense mobilization\nactivities as are inherent in its normal responsibilities,\nor as may be assigned by the Director, OCDM.5\nAll agencies having resources or competence related\nto civil defense and defense mobilization programs\nassist the agencies having primary responsibilities.\n2 See Annex 2, INDIVIDUAL ACTION.\n3 See Annex 3, ORGANIZATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE AND DEFENSE MOBILI-\nZATION.\n4 See Annex 4, AUTHORITIES FOR CIVIL DEFENSE AND DEFENSE MOBILI-\nZATION.\n5 See Annex 5, FEDERAL DELEGATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS, and Annex 6,\nFEDERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.\n[4]\n3. The field organization of OCDM is composed of\nregional offices, each commanded by a Regional\nDirector, who in his region acts for the Director.\n4. The Regional Director, OCDM, coordinates and, in\nappropriate circumstances, directs the civil defense\nand defense mobilization activities of Federal agency\nfield establishments within his region.\n5. The Regional Director coordinates the civil defense\nand defense mobilization activities of the States in\nhis region. At the request of the State government,\nor in event the State government is unable to act,\nthe Regional Director will direct such State activities.\nField establishments of other Federal agencies main-\ntain technical liaison with State and local counter-\nparts, under arrangements approved by the Regional\nDirector and the State concerned.\n6. Military Support.\"\nB. State and Local\n1. The chief executives of State and local governments\ndirect the civil defense and defense mobilization\nactivities within their jurisdiction. With the assist-\nance of their civil defense staffs, the chief executives\nwill direct the performance of emergency functions\nThe Dwight\nwithin the regularly constituted government struc-\nture, augmenting it where needed.\n2. States and localities are organized for civil defense\nand defense mobilization as prescribed by their\ngovernments, except that where States are charged\n6 See Annex 7, ROLE OF THE MILITARY.\n483101 0 58 3\n[5]\nwith, and agree to carry out, responsibilities delegated\nby the Federal Government, the State and local\norganizations will conform to requirements prescribed\nby the Director.\nC. Channel of Coordination\nThe civil defense and defense mobilization channel of co-\nordination is established, down which will be transmitted in-\nstructions and up which requests for assistance will be made.\nTHE PRESIDENT\nSecretary\nDIRECTOR\nSecretary\nAtomic Energy\nof State\nOCDM\nof Defense\nCommission\nForeign\nOTHER FEDERAL\nAreas\nAGENCIES\nREGIONAL\nZone of Interior\nOCDM OFFICES\nArmies\nInterstate\nFEDERAL AGENCY\nTarget Areas\nFIELD ESTABLISHMENT\nSTATES, TERRITORIES, AND POSSESSIONS\nCOUNTIES, CITIES, AND OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS\nKey:\nDirection\nCoordination\nTechnical Liaison\n[6]\nV. Functions for Protection of Life\nand Property\nA. Continuity of Government\nThe Federal Government and the governments of the\nStates and their political subdivisions, in order to insure\ntheir continuity in the event of attack or other disaster, will\n1. Establish and promulgate lines of succession to official\npositions.\n2. Provide for the safekeeping of essential records.\n3. Establish control centers and alternative sites for\ngovernment emergency operations.\n4. Provide for the protection and maximum use of\ngovernment personnel, resources and facilities.\nB. Public Information and Education\nEach government will conduct programs of public\ninformation and education on attack effects and proper\nresponses for the persons residing within its jurisdiction,\nwith the objective of providing every person with the\nknowledge essential for survival.⁸\nThe Dwight D\nC. Reduction of Vulnerability\nConsistent with resources available or to be made\navailable, and in conformity with established national\npolicy, each government will supplement individual and\n7 See Annex 8, PREPARATIONS FOR CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT.\n8 See Annex 9, PUBLIC INFORMATION.\n[7]\nfamily preparations by planning and executing programs\nrelated to\n1. Public shelters and protective devices.®\n2. Hardening, dispersal and duplication of essential\nproduction, distribution and service facilities.¹⁰\n3. Controlled movement of people and materials, the\ndevelopment of reception areas for evacuees and\nhomeless persons, and stockpiling of survival needs\nin or near these areas.¹¹\nD. Warning of Attack12\n1. Source. The primary source of attack warning is the\nNorth American Air Defense Command. (OCDM\nAttack Warning Officers are stationed at NORAD\ninstallations to receive and relay warning informa-\ntion.)\n2. Dissemination.\na. The Federal Government will provide attack\nwarning information to all States and, in accord-\nance with Federal-State arrangements, directly to\npolitical subdivisions on the National Warning\nSystem.\nb. State and local governments, with the financial\nand technical assistance of the Federal Govern-\nment, will provide for the dissemination of attack\nwarning to the public.\n9 See Annex 10, NATIONAL SHELTER PLAN.\n10 See Annex 11, PROTECTION OF ESSENTIAL FACILITIES.\n11 See Annex 12, CONTROLLED MOVEMENT.\n12 See Annex 13, WARNING.\n[8]\n3. Action on Warning.\na. Governments and the public will take such action\non receipt of warning as is prescribed by the\ngovernment involved.\n(1) Evacuation or dispersal ¹³-Target cities and\nother areas near assumed targets will, if time\nand conditions permit, execute plans for evac-\nuation or dispersal to prepared reception areas.\n(2) Shelter \"-If time and conditions do not per-\nmit evacuation, full advantage will be taken\nof existing shelter, and fallout protection will\nbe improvised.\n(3) THE ACTION TO BE TAKEN IS A\nLOCAL DECISION.\nb. Where outdoor warning signals are used to warn\nthe public, they will consist only of\n(1) The \"ALERT\" signal-A 3 to 5-minute steady\nblast or tone, meaning \"attack is probable-\ntake action as directed by local governments.\"\n(2) The \"TAKE COVER\" signal-A 3-minute\nwarbling tone or a series of short blasts mean-\ning \"attack is imminent-take cover imme-\ndiately in the best available shelter.\"\nE. Preparations for Damage Assessment 15\nEach government will design, construct and maintain\nDWIRT The D. Eisenhower KIBISTA\nin operating condition systems capable of providing rapid\nand reasonably accurate estimates of\n1. The anticipated and existing location and degree of\nattack effects, especially radiological contamination.\n13 See Annex 12, CONTROLLED MOVEMENT.\n14 See Annex 10, NATIONAL SHELTER PLAN.\n15 See Annex 14, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT.\n[9]\n2. What has survived the attack and is useful for\nrecovery.\nF. Communications\n1. Operational Communications\na. National communications system-The Federal\nGovernment will maintain at all times, reasonably\nsecure from attack effects, communications\n(1) Within and among Federal agencies having\nemergency responsibilities and\n(2) Between the Federal Government and the\nStates.\nb. State and local communications-State govern-\nments will maintain at all times, reasonably\nsecure from attack effects, for their emergency\noperations, communications\n(1) Among State agencies having emergency re-\nsponsibilities and\n(2) Between State governments and their political\nsubdivisions.\nLocal governments will maintain communications for\ntheir emergency operations.\nThe Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services\n(RACES) will provide essential communications for\nregional, State and local use to augment normal communi-\ncations or to substitute for them if necessary. (RACES\nwill comply with Federal Communications Commission\nregulations governing CONELRAD.)\n16 See Annex 15, COMMUNICATIONS.\n[10]\n2.\nCommunications With the Public\na. Emergency means-As the situation permits, and\nsubject to emergency powers of the Director, all\nexisting means of communications not required to\nsupport military operations will be used (in accord-\nance with Conelrad regulations).\n(1) Pre-Conelrad-Prior to the invocation of Con-\nelrad, civil authorities will use all broadcasting\nfacilities-AM and FM radio and television\nand all emergency means-to give emergency\ninstructions and information.\n(2) Conelrad-The Commander of NORAD is\nresponsible for ordering the radio alert which\nputs the Conelrad plan into effect.\nAs soon as possible, the participating AM stations\nwill return to the air on the approved maximum\npower and broadcast vital information and in-\nstructions to the public on the Conelrad fre-\nquencies of 640 or 1240 kilocycles. FM and TV\nstations will remain off the air for the duration of\nthe radio alert.\n(3) Post-Conelrad-After the Conelrad radio alert\nhas been terminated by the NORAD Com-\nmander, civil authorities will use all surviving\nThe L Dwight D.\ncivilian-owned means of broadcasting, calling\non military communications support if neces-\nsary.\nb. Priorities of use in emergency-Instructions and\ninformation relating to measures to support mili-\ntary operations and to save life have priority over\nall other information and instructions.\n[11]\nG. Maintenance of Government, Law and Order 17\n1. State and Local\na. Local government is the basic entity responsible\nfor the emergency maintenance of law and order.\nb. State law enforcement forces will support local\npolice services in emergency as the situation\nallows. States will exercise general control and\nprovide services in areas where the local govern-\nment is unable to act. Requests for additional\npolice support will not be made to the Federal\nGovernment until State and local police are, or\nare expected to be, inadequate to cope with the\nsituation.\n2. Federal\na. Upon request of the State government, or in\nevent the State government is unable to act, the\nFederal Government will assume and exercise all\nnecessary government functions during an emer-\ngency in areas where it is determined that gov-\nernment organizations have been rendered in-\ncapable of performing vital functions.\nb. Upon request, the Secretary of Defense will pro-\nvide emergency military aid to the civil authority\nto assist in the maintenance of law and order, to\nthe extent that such commitment will not inter-\nfere with the conduct of primary military mis-\nsions.¹⁸\n17 See Annex 16, MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER.\n18 See Annex 7, ROLE OF THE MILITARY.\n[12]\nC. Federal agencies having responsibilities for per-\nforming, or assisting in the performance of, State\nand local government functions will be familiar\nwith relevant State and local plans.\nH. Disaster Services 19\n1. General\nStates and their political subdivisions, with the\nfinancial and technical assistance of the Federal\nGovernment, will accumulate necessary supplies and\nequipment and recruit and train personnel in disaster\nservices. The Federal Government will acquire and\nstore limited quantities of supplies and equipment\nfor disaster service operations as a general reserve.\nDisaster services include, but are not limited to,\na. Casualty care and emergency public health 20\nb. Emergency welfare services 21\nc. Rescue\nd. Debris clearance\ne. Fire protection 22\nf. Decontamination 23\n2. Emergency Procedures\na Library BUL\na. State and local\n(1) Local governments will direct the movement of\npopulations away from danger areas, commit\ndisaster forces under their control as required by\n19 See Annex 17, DISASTER SERVICES.\n20 See Annex 18, NATIONAL MEDICAL AND HEALTH PLAN.\n21 See Annex 19, MASS CARE AND ASSISTANCE, and Annex 20, REGISTRA-\nTION AND INFORMATION.\n22 See Annex 21, NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION PLAN.\n23 See Annex 23, NATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE PLAN.\n[13]\nthe situation, evaluate their capabilities and\nnotify the State of deficiencies or excess capa-\nbilities. In accordance with prearranged State\nand national plans, notification may also be\nmade to the field offices of appropriate Federal\nagencies. Due consideration will be given to\nthe continuing requirements for disaster services\nin emergency commitment actions.\n(2) The State, in turn, will evaluate the total situa-\ntion within the State, direct the movement of\npopulations away from the danger areas and\ncommit State disaster forces, including those\nmade available by invocation of interstate com-\npacts, as indicated by the situation.\n(3) Field offices of appropriate Federal agencies will\nassist the States in providing disaster services.\nStates will also use, where appropriate, resources\nof non-governmental organizations such as the\nAmerican National Red Cross, the American\nMedical Association and the American Hospital\nAssociation.\n(4) When State capabilities are deficient, requests\nfor needed support will be made to the OCDM\nRegional Director. Capabilities excess to the\nneeds of the States will also be reported to the\nRegional Director when requested. Where pre-\narranged State and national plans exist, requests\nfor support and reports of excess capabilities\nmay be made to field establishments of appro-\npriate Federal agencies.\n[14]\nb. Federal\nFederal disaster service capabilities will be made avail-\nable to augment State and local resources as soon as pos-\nsible when not required for emergency activities of the\nFederal Government. An appropriate portion of the total\nof Federal disaster services materiel will be committed\nonly for reestablishment of a minimum level of regular\ncommunity disaster capability for the surviving population.\nI. Emergency Protection from Delayed or Unconventional\nWeapons Effects\n1. Clandestine and Unexploded Ordnance.\na. State and local-State and local forces will con-\nduct reconnaissance for unexploded ordnance\nwithin their jurisdictions and report the existence\nof such ordnance to the closest Department of\nDefense Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit or\nZ. I. Army Commander through the OCDM\nD.\nRegional Director. State and local authorities\nDIMER\nwill provide for restriction of areas and protection\n641\nof persons from such ordnance, including execution\nof plans for evacuation to safer areas, until\narrival of the responsible explosive ordnance per-\nsonnel. State and local authorities will assist\nsuch personnel when requested.\nb. Federal-The Federal Bureau of Investigation\nwill investigate reported incidents of clandestinely-\nintroduced weapons. The Department of De-\n24 See Annex 22, CLANDESTINE AND UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE DEFENSE.\n[15]\nfense, through its Explosive Ordnance Disposal\nUnits, will disarm atomic weapons and dispose of\nother unexploded weapons. The Atomic Energy\nCommission will take custody and dispose of\nfissionable materials of unexploded ordnance.\n2. Radiation 25\na. State and local\nLocal authorities will monitor the areas for\nradiological contamination, identify the degree\nand location of the radiological hazards, report\nsuch hazards to the public and to the State and,\nif conditions require, execute plans for evacuation\nto safer areas. States will monitor, accumulate\ndata on, evaluate and summarize the total radio-\nlogical situation in the State, advise the general\npublic of the State and inform the OCDM Re-\ngional Director.\nb. Federal\nOCDM will direct the Federal radiological\nprogram.\nThe Weather Bureau, Department of Com-\nmerce, under the general direction and coordina-\ntion of the Director, will make fallout forecasts\navailable to State and local governments. All\nFederal agencies having requisite capabilities will\nmonitor radiation levels and furnish data to civil\ndefense agencies-Federal, State and local-as re-\nquired.\n25 See Annex 23, NATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE PLAN.\n[16]\n3. Biological and Chemical Agents 26\na. State and local-State and local governments will\ndetect, identify and control chemical and biologi-\ncal warfare agents within their jurisdiction, advise\nthe public, report the situation to other govern-\nments and, if conditions require, execute plans for\nevacuation to safer areas.\nb. Federal-Under the direction and coordination\nof OCDM, the Department of Health, Education\nand Welfare will direct Federal activities con-\ncerned with the nonmilitary detection, identifica-\ntion and control of chemical and biological war-\nfare against humans. The Department of Agri-\nculture will direct Federal nonmilitary activities\nconcerned with chemical and biological warfare\nagainst animals and crops.\nVI. Functions for Mobilization and Manage-\nment of Resources and Production\nMost resource mobilization and management functions\nlisted below are normally Federal responsibilities, although\nunder conditions of a devastating attack the States would\nThe D. Eisenhower\nhave to assume responsibility for resource management\nuntil effective Federal authority could be restored. The\nFederal Government will establish criteria for resource use\nand management in the interest of national equity.\n26 See Annex 24, NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WARFARE DE-\nFENSE PLAN.\n[ 17]\nA. Development and Maintenance of Essential Resources 27\n1. The Federal Government is responsible for determin-\ning and, under appropriate circumstances, taking\nsteps to assure the existence and availability of\nresources necessary for expanding, maintaining or\nrestoring production and distribution processes essen-\ntial to civil defense and defense mobilization. Such\nresources will consist of raw materials, finished goods,\nfacilities, essential services and manpower required\nfor the production and distribution of\na. Military materiel\nb. Atomic weapons, materials, and equipment\nc. Domestic needs for capital and consumer goods\nand services\nd. Assistance to foreign areas\n2. The Federal Government will stimulate the develop-\nment and maintenance of reserves of such essential\nresources through programs for\na. Increasing inventories of such resources by State\nand local governments, private industry and indi-\nviduals\nb. Maintaining Federal stockpiles of such resources,\nto the extent needed to supplement other inven-\ntories, in forms and at places most suitable to\nultimate use\nc. Preallocating emergency production and distribu-\ntion contracts to insure, wherever practicable,\nsufficient indications of government intent\n27 See Annex 25, MAINTENANCE OF ESSENTIAL RESOURCES.\n[18]\nd. Developing substitutes for essential resources un-\navailable from domestic sources\ne. Developing original domestic sources for essen-\ntial resources\nf. Expanding existing productive capacity and the\nproduction and supply of materials and facilities\nessential to production and distribution\ng. Controlling exports to, and imports from, foreign\nareas.\nB. Reserves of Consumer End Products\nThe Federal Government will determine and, in appro-\npriate circumstances, take measures to accumulate, store\nand assure the availability of essential consumer end prod-\nucts expected to be temporarily unavailable in sufficient\nquantity from existing private and commercial stocks or\nfrom new production.\nC. Protection of the National Industrial Plant 28\nThe Federal Government will contribute to the reduc-\ntion of the vulnerability of the national industrial plant to\novert or covert enemy action through programs for\n1. Physical protection, including dispersal of industrial\nfacilities (see also Part V., C.)\nD.\n2. Continuity of industrial management during emer-\nDIMENT\nOHL\ngency\n3. Maintaining multiple sources of supply for mobiliza-\ntion requirements\n4. Stimulating voluntary agreements among industries\nand industry members to provide for expeditious\n28 See Annex 26, PROTECTION AND CONTINUITY OF THE NATIONAL INDUS-\nTRIAL PLANT.\n[19]\ncombinations or exchanges of resources during emer-\ngency.\nD. Preparations for Resource Mobilization and Management\n1. In accordance with the nature and degree of various\npossible emergency conditions, the Federal Govern-\nment will continuously assess the ability of the\nnational economy to meet all requirements stated\nunder VI. A. 1., will develop programs for emergency\ncontrol of the economy, and will prescribe the emer-\ngency roles and responsibilities of State and local\ngovernments, private industries and the individual.\n2. Programs for preparing to control the national\neconomy will include, but not be limited to,\na. Money and credit, and the entire financial system,\nwith the objective of optimum support of mobili-\nzation, survival and recovery 30\nb. Production, with the objective of optimum use of\nthe national industrial plant 31\nc. Distribution, with the objective of\n(1) Meeting emergency requirements with avail-\nable supplies\n(2) Facilitating national recovery\nd. Consumption, with the objective of conserving\navailable supplies and applying them in the\n29 See Annex 27, EMERGENCY FINANCIAL CONTROLS; Annex 28, MANAGE-\nMENT OF EMERGENCY PRODUCTION, and Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION\nAND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.\n30 See Annex 27, EMERGENCY FINANCIAL CONTROLS.\n31 See Annex 28, MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCY PRODUCTION.\n32 See Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.\n[20]\nmanner best designed to achieve national survival\nand recovery.83\nE. Exercise of Authorities and Controls 34\n1. The Director, as directed by the President, will\nexercise authorities and controls necessary to obtain\nrequired goods and services to stabilize the economy.\nSuch authorities and controls will be planned to\nmeet various contingencies such as the circumstances\nincident to attack or the declaration of a limited,\nnational or civil defense emergency.\n2. Economic control will require the use of such meas-\nures as will be effective under the terms and condi-\ntions of emergency. Such measures will include,\nbut not be limited to,\na. Continuation, alteration or cessation of govern-\nment or private activities concerned with, or inci-\ndent to, operation of the economy\nb. Construction or modification of facilities\nC. Allocation of goods and services, including the\nrationing of consumer items\nd. Requisition or condemnation of real and personal\n0\nproperty\nDwight\ne. Prohibition against the unwarranted accumula-\nJUL\nLigisty\ntion, conversion or use of real and personal prop-\nerty\n33 See Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.\n34 See Annex 27, EMERGENCY FINANCIAL CONTROLS; Annex 28, MANAGE-\nMENT OF EMERGENCY PRODUCTION, and Annex 29, EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION\nAND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.\n[21]\nf. Freezing, controlling or specifying wages, salaries,\nrents and prices\ng. Effective use of scarce skills\nF. Management of Resources After Attack on the Continen-\ntal United States\n1. Responsibilities\na. Public 8$-Individuals and families will be pre-\npared to exist on personal stocks of survival items\nin homes and shelter areas for two weeks following\nattack.\nb. State and local-Cities, counties and States will be\nprepared to exist on consumer items and essential\nequipment immediately available to their respec-\ntive jurisdictions for a minimum of four weeks\nfollowing attack.\nc. Federal 36-The Federal Government will be pre-\npared to assist the States, political subdivisions\nand individuals as soon as possible following\nattack after meeting military and other essential\nFederal requirements. Federal stockpiles and\nother resources available to the Federal Govern-\nment for survival purposes will be planned for\nallocation to States on the basis of need, after the\nfourth week following attack. To the extent\npermitted by the situation, the Federal Govern-\nment will continue to institute controls necessary\nto the management of all essential resources in\nthe national interest.\n35 See Annex 2, INDIVIDUAL ACTION.\n36 See Annex 6, FEDERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.\n[22]\n2. General Procedures 37\na. Local\n(1) Commercial stocks in the hands of retailers\nwill automatically be available to local gov-\nernments to supplement local stockpiles.\nWholesaler and manufacturer inventories and\nState and Federal stockpiles will be utilized\nby local governments on the basis of prear-\nranged plans endorsed by the State and Fed-\neral Government agencies concerned. Plans\nfor requisitioning will include reimbursement\nprovisions.\n(2) As soon as possible following attack, local\ngovernments will provide for accumulation,\ncontrol and distribution of goods and services\nessential to the maintenance of life and prop-\nerty and preservation of government.\n(3) When local resources (including those made\navailable at nearby support communities) are\nexhausted, or will not meet the need, requests\nè\nof local governments for assistance will be\nDIME\nmade to the State. Requests by local govern-\n148\nLIBITY\nments to Federal agencies for assistance will\nbe made only under prearranged plans ap-\nproved by the State and by the OCDM\nRegional Director.\n37 For detailed procedures for the emergency administration of specific\nresources see Annex 30, NATIONAL MANPOWER PLAN; Annex 31, NATIONAL\nFOOD PLAN; Annex 32, NATIONAL WATER PLAN; Annex 33, NATIONAL ENERGY\nAND MINERALS PLAN, and Annex 34, NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN.\n[23]\nb. State\n(1) As soon as possible after attack, the State\nwill exercise general coordination and direc-\ntion over resources within its borders except\nwhere, in accordance with prearranged State\nand national plans, such resources have been\nspecifically reserved for control by appropri-\nate Federal agencies. On the basis of relative\nneeds, determined according to established\nstandards, the State will fill local requests for\nassistance from resources under State con-\ntrol, including stockpiled materials, or those\navailable from other States.\n(2) Each State will keep the OCDM Regional\nDirector informed of critical resources com-\nmitted within the State or across the State\nlines and of resources in excess of the State's\nneeds. The Regional Director will provide\nresource information to field installations of\nappropriate Federal agencies. The commit-\nment of resources will be as follows:\n(a) Within an intrastate mutual-aid perim-\neter, automatically to an attacked area\nor on request of attacked city\n(b) Within an attacked State, other than the\nabove situation, upon the order of the\nState\n(c) Across any state line, upon the basis of\nprearranged plans coordinated by the\n[24]\nRegional Director or upon request to and\ndirection from him.\n(3) Requests for support will be made to the\nOCDM Regional Director when required re-\nsources are not available within the State or\nfrom appropriate Federal agencies in accord-\nance with prearranged plans.\n(4) The OCDM Regional Director will, when\nrequired as a matter of national interest,\ndirect the States to modify or suspend pre-\narranged plans in order to provide for the\nrelease and/or reconsignment of resources.\nc. Federal 38\n(1) Subject to the above procedures for State\nand local action, OCDM, through the appro-\npriate Federal agencies, will control goods\nand services available for civilian use and the\ndistribution of goods required to meet essen-\ntial consumer requirements. State and local\ngovernments may be utilized to exercise, as\nagents of the Federal Government, authority\nover inventories of designated kinds of goods\nin the hands of certain industries and whole-\na\nsalers.\nDwight\n(2) The heads of Federal departments and agen-\nThe\ncies having normal jurisdiction over resources\nnot previously assigned to emergency activi-\nties of the Federal Government will cause\n38 See Annex 6, FEDERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES, and Annex 29, EMER-\nGENCY DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION CONTROLS.\n[25]\nsuch classes of these resources, as specified\nfrom time to time by OCDM, to be\n(a) Inventoried, classified and reported to\nthe Director\n(b) Made available for assignment to Federal\nemergency activities\n(c) Made available, in the case of field estab-\nlishments, to the governments of States\nin which they are located, unless required\nfor an immediate mission of the Federal\nestablishment or where commitment will\nimpair the national interest. States will\nbe advised preemergency as to the prob-\nable availability of these resources.\nG. Management of Facilities After Attack on the Continen-\ntal United States 39\n1. LOCAL-Local officials will identify those public facili-\nties (such as radio stations, roads, sewerage systems\nand airports) and utilities (such as water, electric\npower and gas) essential to the continued life of the\ncommunity. They will direct, through appropriate\ndepartments of local governments, repair and res-\ntoration of vital public facilities and utilities and the\norder in which essential needs for local service\nshould be met. If locally available materials or\nmanpower are inadequate for such needs, mutual\nassistance arrangements with other local govern-\n39 See Annex 35, EMERGENCY ADMINISTRATION OF ESSENTIAL FACILITIES;\nAnnex 32, NATIONAL WATER PLAN; Annex 33, NATIONAL ENERGY AND MIN-\nERALS PLAN, and Annex 34, NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN.\n[ 26 ]\nments will be invoked. Utility systems will make\nknown mutual assistance arrangements to the gov-\nernment entities concerned. Such arrangements will\nbe invoked to furnish service for essential needs.\nRequests for Federal assistance will be made through\nthe State unless other arrangements approved by the\nState exist.\n2. STATE-State governments will assist the local gov-\nernments in the repair and restoration of public\nfacilities essential to statewide emergency activities\nand allocate available utility service within the\nState where conflicts between localities in the use of\nthe service arise. The State will modify its regula-\ntions on utility operations to the extent necessary to\nfacilitate restoration of service within the State and\nin other States.\n3. FEDERAL-The Federal Government will\na. Identify those resources, including industrial facil-\nities, utilities and services essential to the mainte-\nnance and operation of the national economy\nb. Allocate such resources where necessary\nc. Resolve conflicts SO that the most essential na-\ntional requirements will be met\nDwlahi D. The Eisenhower LIBITED\nd. Exercise priorities and allocation and requisition-\ning authority in order to expedite and direct the\nflow of such resources to meet national require-\nments\ne. Take necessary actions (such as ordering inter-\nconnection of utility systems) to assure maximum\neffectiveness in use of interstate resources\n[ 27 ]\nf. In areas where it has equipment and trained man-\npower which would be useful in restoration of\npublic facilities and utilities, make such resources\navailable if they are not needed for duties of\nequal or greater essentiality.\nVII. Supporting Functions\nA. Research and Development\n1. The Federal Government will fund, maintain and\nsupport a complete and coordinated research and\ndevelopment program to determine optimum meth-\nods, materiel and facilities for the civil defense and\ndefense mobilization of the United States. The pro-\ngram will be coordinated by OCDM.\n2. This program will include, but not be limited to,\nsubject matter on weapons effects (including sociolog-\nical and psychological effects); passive defense tech-\nniques; operational systems for identifying, comput-\ning and transmitting operational data; resource data\naccumulation, analysis and use; and equipment de-\nsign and use.\n3. Financial contributions to States for the conduct of\nprograms of applied research on problems unique to\ntheir jurisdiction or to those of their political sub-\ndivisions will be provided if adequately justified.\nB. Training and Education\nOCDM will stimulate and conduct, when necessary,\nprograms of civil defense and defense mobilization training\n40 See Annex 36, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.\n41 See Annex 37, TRAINING AND EDUCATION.\n[28]\nand education. Contributions to the States and their\npolitical subdivisions for training and education activities\nwill be made available. The objectives of these programs\nare:\n1. To assist governments at all levels to obtain opera-\ntional readiness in emergency\n2. To provide every person with information and in-\nstruction essential for survival and recovery.\nC. Federal Assistance 42\nThe Federal Government will furnish such technical,\nfinancial and material assistance to States and their political\nsubdivisions and to private organizations as is permitted\nby law and is necessary for the civil defense and defense\nmobilization of the United States. This includes, but is\nnot limited to,\n1. Use of technical personnel\n2. Grants-in-aid, loans and tax benefits\nD\n3. Transfer of surplus property\nDwight\nBUL\nD. Review, Tests and Inspection 43\n1. Civil defense and defense mobilization plans of Fed-\neral departments and agencies, those State and local\nplans financed in whole or in part by the Federal\nGovernment, and programs based on such plans\nwill be continually reviewed by the Director for\nadequacy and for conformance with this National\nPlan.\n42 See Annex 38, FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.\n43 See Annex 39, REVIEW, TESTS AND INSPECTION.\n[ 29 ]\n2. The Director will arrange and supervise, as he\ndeems advisable, tests and exercises for purposes of\nevaluating and improving civil defense and defense\nmobilization readiness.\n3. The Director will determine standards of mainte-\nnance and use and will supervise inspection of civil\ndefense and defense mobilization equipment and\nfacilities financed in whole or in part by the Federal\nGovernment.\nE. Maintenance of the National Plan\nThe Director will provide for continual review of the\nNational Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization,\nrevise it as necessary to assure that it is complete, accurate\nand current at all times and require such reports as will\nkeep him advised on progress and program status. Any\nproposals for changes in the Plan should be submitted to\nthe Director.\n[30]\nGlossary of Terms\nBIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS-Living organisms or their products\ncapable of causing death, disability or damage to man, animals\nand crops.\nCHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS-Chemicals in the form of solids,\nliquids or gases capable of causing death, disability or damage.\nCIVIL DEFENSE-Activities and measures designed or undertaken\n(1) to minimize the effects upon the civilian population which\nwould be caused by an attack upon the United States or by a\nnatural disaster, (2) to deal with the immediate emergency con-\nditions which would be created by any such attack or disaster\nand (3) to effectuate emergency repairs to, or the emergency\nrestoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged\nby any such attack or disaster.\nCLANDESTINE ORDNANCE-Destructive devices covertly assembled\nin or introduced into this country.\nCONELRAD-A plan to deprive the enemy of electromagnetic radia-\ntion as an aircraft navigational aid without depriving the public\nof standard broadcast radio as a source of news and instruction.\na Library The\nThis system permits emergency broadcasting on 640 or 1240\nkilocycles in areas served by standard broadcast stations author-\nized to operate during the CONELRAD (Radio Alert) period.\nDECONTAMINATION-The process of reducing the hazard associated\nwith an object or area by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing,\nmaking harmless or removing chemical, biological, radiological\nor toxicological agents clinging to or around it.\nDEFENSE MOBILIZATION-The employment of government and the\nnational economy for meeting essential civilian and military\nrequirements.\nDIRECTOR-Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization,\nExecutive Office of the President.\nFALLOUT-The return to the earth's surface of particles made radio-\nactive and thrown into the air by a nuclear explosion. The\nterm also applies to the contaminated particles themselves.\n[31]\nFEDERAL AGENCY FIELD ESTABLISHMENTS-Offices, installations or\nrepresentatives of the Federal Executive Branch of Government\n(including those normally under the direction of, but not neces-\nsarily a formal part of, the Executive Branch) not located at\nthe seat of government or constituting or designated as a National\nHeadquarters.\nHARDENING-Reducing the vulnerability of a structure, device or\nsystem by strengthening its material components or otherwise\nincreasing its physical protection against deliberate, accidental\nor natural damage or wear.\nINTERSTATE COMPACT-Agreement between two or more States to\ncommit supplies, materials, equipment or forces to each other to\nalleviate the effects of attack.\nINTERSTATE TARGET AREA-Any metropolitan complex or other\nattack objective situated in two or more States.\nINTRASTATE MUTUAL-AID PERIMETER-Boundaries of a geographical\narea agreed upon by the State and between two or more political\nsubdivisions within the State for purposes of planning for the\nexchange of supplies, materials, equipment or forces to each other\nto alleviate the effects of attack.\nMONITORING-The procedure or operation of locating and measuring\nradioactive contamination by means of survey instruments which\ncan detect and measure (as dose rates) ionizing radiations. The\nindividual performing the operation is called a monitor.\nPOLITICAL SUBDIVISION-Any county, city, town or other local\ngovernment of any State, Territory or Possession of the United\nStates.\nRADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION-The deposit of radioactive material\non the surfaces of structures, areas, objects, animals or persons\nfollowing a nuclear explosion. This material generally consists\nof radioactive fallout in which fission products and other bomb\ndebris have become incorporated with particles of dirt, etc.\nREGIONAL DIRECTOR-Director of one of the regional offices of the\nOffice of Civil and Defense Mobilization.\n[ 32 ]\nU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1958 O-483101"
}