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The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, Annexes #32-33
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The National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, Annexes #32-33
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THE NATIONAL PLAN for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization Annex 32 NATIONAL WATER PLAN DWIST THE D. Eisenhower SIGNATURE LUNUM Executive Office of the President OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION ZAPI ЭНТ not automidoM 98/19/2017 and 27.19 /ZOITAZ thi Insurance Preface This annex supports and amplifies the National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, par- ticularly Part VI, Section F, Management of Resources After Attack on the Continental United States. It outlines responsibilities for providing, purifying, and safeguarding water for all essential purposes during emergency, together with procedures for the emer- gency operation of water resource facilities. Particular attention is devoted to water for human consumption, because potable water is essential for human survival. Auxiliary documents will be issued as necessary and will be subordinate to and compatible with this annex and the National Plan. The annex is published in looseleaf form in order that pages may be added or replaced easily whenever revisions are made. a Library out Penaldrugh Director Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization Issued April 1960 [iii] Contents Page PREFACE iii I. DEFINITIONS 1 II. ASSUMPTIONS 1 III. GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES 3 A. Federal 3 B. State 6 C. Local 6 D. Private Organizations. 7 E. Individuals 7 IV. FUNCTIONS 7 A. Operational and Organizational Readiness 7 B. Mutual Aid 12 C. Training 13 D. Public Information 14 V. EXECUTION 15 A. OCDM 15 B. DHEW 16 C. Other Federal Agencies 17 D. State 17 E. Local 18 F. Private Organizations 18 [iv ] ANNEX 32 NATIONAL WATER PLAN I. Definitions A. The term "water" is used in its commonly un- derstood meaning. It includes potable water and all other types which are essential to our national survival. B. The term "water supply utility" includes public water supply systems whether publicly or privately owned and controlled. II. Assumptions A. Under conditions of international tension or limited war, it is assumed that, with the water supply è systems of the Nation intact, requirements for water DIMBER for national defense and essential civilian needs would onl Liquiry be met through the existing systems and any needed expansions of them. Water supply utilities, private organizations, and governments would perform their customary functions with respect to operation and ex- pansion of water supply systems, and in addition the Federal Government would exercise its priority and allocation authority to channel needed materials and equipment for construction and operation of essential water supply facilities involved. ¹See Annex 1, Planning Basis. [1] Annex 32 B. Under conditions of general war with attack upon the continental United States, a major consequence would be the shortage of water for human survival and for production of essential goods and services upon which the national survival would depend. Complete disruption of water supply service could occur in at- tacked cities. In many areas insufficient supplies for all purposes would result from damages to water treatment and control facilities and watershed areas. Physical damage to water supply system facilities could range from partial to complete destruction. Pumping stations would become inoperable, water mains would be dam- aged or destroyed, water pressures would drop greatly, and there would be little capability to provide water service in the wake of the attack. Fire caused by thermal radiation would denude watersheds and lead to subsequent erosion, reservoir or stream siltation, and downstream damage from accelerated runoff. C. Both the quality and quantity of public water supplies would be adversely affected by the attack. This would result from contamination of water by radioactive fallout and from other damage caused by the blast and thermal effects of the attack. Covert introduc- tion of biological and chemical warfare agents into the water supply system is also possible. D. Immediately following attack the major water supply problem would be to meet the water requirements in habitable parts of attacked cities, in reception areas, and in communities heavily impacted by evacuees. Highest priority would be given to meeting the require- ments for human consumption. E. Postattack conditions might well require that State and local governments, industry, and families and individuals be self-sufficient for several weeks. [2] Annex 32 F. The tremendous damage and disruptions to water supply systems resulting from an attack on the continental United States probably would require sub- stantial changes from normal peacetime responsibilities and functions. III. General Responsibilities A. Federal 1. The Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization is responsible for directing and coordinating Fed- eral activities related to water resources for most effective use of water for civil defense and defense mobilization by: a. Coordinating the National Water Plan with other national plans. b. Allocating interstate and intrastate water resources where a conflict in demand involves a use of prime importance to national survival.² D. 2. The Department of Health, Education, and Wel- Dwight fare, under OCDM policy direction and program BUL L guidance, is the primary agency responsible for conducting a nationwide program to assure that there will be adequate and safe public water supplies in a civil defense emergency; for de- veloping, with the assistance of Federal, State, and local government agencies as appropriate, procedures in readiness for the allocation of water resources for essential uses in a civil defense emergency; and for performing and directing Federal functions with respect to such 2See Annex 35, Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities. [3] Annex 32 allocation. DHEW shall coordinate the water supply program with State and local agencies, through existing channels between the DHEW field organization and the States. 3. Other Federal agencies which have major opera- tional responsibilities with respect to one or more aspects of emergency water supply, and their broad areas of responsibility, are: a. Department of State (1) American Section of the International Joint Commission of the United States and Canada-regarding joint water ar- rangements with Canada. (2) United States Section, International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico-regarding joint water arrangements with Mexico. b. Department of Defense (1) Military-Water for uses at military in- stallations and the operation of surface, underground, and impoundment sources of water supply under military authority. (2) Civil Works-Flood control, inland navi- gation, and operation of impoundments under direction of the Secretary of the Army and supervision of the Corps of Engineers. C. Department of the Interior Operation of irrigation and multiple- purpose reservoirs under the jurisdiction of the Department, including those under Bu- reau of Reclamation authority; collection of certain basic data on water resources, includ- ing especially identification of emergency [4] Annex 32 sources of supply; and emergency planning for electric power, including hydroelectric and steam power. d. Department of Agriculture Guidance and assistance to farmers and others with respect to conservation and proper use of water; upstream watershed protection and flood prevention; water supply forecasts based on snowpack surveys; emer- gency water sources such as farm ponds and flood-retarding impoundments; revegetation of watersheds denuded by fire; and water for on-farm uses, food processing, and rural fire control.4 e. Department of Commerce Water for industrial use and allocation of materials and equipment for repair, resto- ration or construction, and operation of water supply facilities. D. f. Housing and Home Finance Agency Repair, restoration, and construction of Dwight 641 community water facilities. g. Tennessee Valley Authority Flood control, navigation, and operation of impoundments under authority of TVA. 4. The Department of Health, Education, and Wel- fare shall coordinate the development of plans and procedures under the National Water Plan with the aforementioned and other Federal agencies having responsibilities with respect to: ³See Annex 33, National Energy and Minerals Plan. $See Annex 21, National Fire Defense Plan, and Annex 31, National Food Plan. ⁵See Annex 42, National Emergency Housing Plan. [5] Annex 32 a. Construction and operation of water facilities. b. Claiming water for various uses. c. Identification of available water resources and assembly of data concerning current and prospective utilization of such resources. d. Allocation of manpower, materials, and equipment. B. State Each State, through its health agency, is respon- sible for supervising the health aspects of public water supplies within its borders. The health agency or other appropriate State agency is responsible for standards of quality and approval of construction plans for water supply utilities. These agencies will provide leadership and technical assistance to local water supply utilities through normal working relationships in preattack plan- ning and training and will coordinate plans for post- attack emergency operations on a statewide basis. The State agency or agencies responsible for con- trol of State water resources will plan for the use of State-controlled waters in emergency. C. Local Local government is responsible for assuring ade- quate and safe supplies of water for essential purposes in an emergency. Under the direction of the local gov- ernment, the water supply utility, whether publicly or privately owned and operated, is directly responsible for protecting and providing public water supplies in an emergency.' Water supply facilities shall be prepared ⁶Utility boards or other State agencies have been given this respon- sibility in a few States. 'Approximately 20 percent of the water supply utilities of the United States are privately owned and operated. [6] Annex 32 to operate independently for at least one month, includ- ing reliance upon locally available stocks of water- purification chemicals and equipment. The local health and public works agencies are responsible for guidance and assistance to the water supply utility in maintaining the safety and purity of water supplies and in construc- tion and repair of the water supply system. D. Private Organizations Industries having their own independent water systems should make provisions for emergency supplies in order to maintain essential services and production of survival items, such as food and food processing, during the immediate postattack period. In preattack planning and organization, such groups as the American Waterworks Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, American Society of Civil Engineers, and other nongovernmental organizations have a responsibility to assist official agencies. E. Individuals Each person or family is responsible for providing, a before attack, sufficient water for essential domestic Dwight needs for at least two weeks, since outside assistance BILL may not be available and water service, particularly that dependent upon electric power, may be curtailed. IV. Functions A. Operational and Organizational Readiness 1. Objective To establish organizational arrangements and procedures within the regular operating pro- gram of each agency concerned with water 8 For listing of essential survival services and items see Annex 35, Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities, and its Appendix NP-35-1. 9 See Annex 2, Individual Action, and its Appendix NP-2-1. [7] Annex 32 supply and water resource management to pro- vide water supplies under emergency conditions. 2. Actions Required a. Federal Each Federal agency concerned with water supply and water resource manage- ment, in accordance with its responsibilities for civil defense and defense mobilization and within regular operating programs will: (1) Provide assistance, through established operating channels and with the coopera- tion of nongovernment organizations, to State and local groups to establish plans and organizations for emergencies. (2) Make emergency assignments to Federal personnel and establish a program to provide a manpower reserve for emer- gency duties and to provide training for such personnel. (3) Prepare and make available guidelines and procedures for preattack prepara- tion, and for mobilization measures to meet various contingencies such as the circumstances incident to attack or the declaration of a limited, national, or civil defense emergency. This will include but not be limited to the following: (a) Developing alternate sources of water supply. (b) Guidance in methods of conserving water during an emergency period. (c) Methods of determining the added capacities of water supply systems [8] Annex 32 required during emergencies for support and reception areas. (d) Recommended quantities of local stocks of equipment, machinery, chemicals, and fittings at water sup- ply and control facilities. (e) Training courses for emergency per- sonnel in restoring and maintaining the water supply system. (f) Guidance material for the use of suburban communities and sur- vival groups, outlining methods and measures for developing, purifying, and using the emergency water supplies. (g) Revegetation and restoration of fire-denuded watersheds. (h) Restoration of reservoirs and navi- gation facilities.10 (4) Provide stockpiles of essential materials and equipment-such as purification BYL chemicals, pumps, pipe, and emergency water purification units-to supplement emergency and operating inventories at local levels. (5) Extend the damage assessment pro- gram in relation to water supplies and utilities to State and local agencies so that analyses from attack exercises can be used in planning for facilities protec- tion, mutual aid, and emergency opera- tion; and improve national capability to 10 See Annex 25, Maintenance of Essential Resources. [9] Annex 32 assess effects of attack on water re- sources and facilities." (6) Develop standards for facilities protec- tion, to be made available to water supply utility and resources management." (7) Conduct preattack planning at the national level so that the repair or instal- lation of water-impounding, pumping, and treatment structures; pipelines; and other essential water production and dis- tribution facilities and the revegetation and restoration of fire-denuded water- sheds can be initiated postattack as soon as possible. (8) Develop priorities of water use and oper- ating procedures for federally operated impoundments SO that water releases may be used in an emergency to the best interest of the national defense and re- covery. Both quantity and quality as- pects of water required for various uses must be considered in these decisions. (9) Conduct research and studies to develop field methods, emergency practices, and treatments against radiological, biologi- cal, and chemical agents.¹⁸ b. State (1) Establish a State emergency water supply organization and standby plan as part of the State Survival Plan within the framework of the normal operating ¹¹See Annex 14, Damage Assessment. 12 See Annex 11, Protection of Essential Facilities. ¹³See Annex 36, Research and Development. [10] Annex 32 programs of the responsible State agen- cies. The State plan should cover all aspects of water use, including distribu- tion of stored waters under State control. Both quantity and quality of supply should be considered in the plans. (2) Furnish direct assistance to local water supply utilities to set up their emergency plan and organization in accordance with State and national plans. c. Local (1) Coordinate local emergency water sup- ply planning with other local emergency plans. (2) Provide for emergency treatment and distribution of water by all available means, including vehicular transporta- tion, and maintain liaison with the public works agency, health department, local public employment office, local civil de- à fense groups, and other utilities and in- Dwight dustries for mutual assistance. only / (3) Inventory alternate sources of water, treatment, and emergency distribution facilities (such as private well supplies, industrial plants, tank trucks, and swim- ming pool installations) and make ar- rangements for their use in an emer- gency. (4) Maintain reserve stocks of purification chemicals, standby equipment, and spare parts SO that the local water supply utility may operate on a self-sufficient basis for at least one month. [11] Annex 32 (5) Make agreements with adjacent systems for providing water through intercon- nections. (6) Coordinate with rural agencies and com- munity groups to plan for emergency water supplies for rural and suburban homes that are supplied by individual well systems. B. Mutual Aid 1. Objective To provide for exchange or assignment of personnel, machinery, and stocks of essential materials and equipment, on a current basis, among water supply utilities during emer- gencies. 2. Actions Required a. Federal (1) Promote mutual aid programs within and among States and assist in coordina- tion of mutual aid planning at the interstate level. (2) Coordinate with State and local authori- ties to provide for satisfactory replace- ment of exchanged equipment or reim- bursement for requisitioned material. b. State (1) Promote mutual aid programs among water supply utilities and proffer direct assistance to such utilities to organize and prepare for participation. (2) Coordinate the State program by actions such as: (a) Maintaining master files on mutual aid material. [12] Annex 32 (b) Distributing listings of such inven- tories of machinery and equipment to appropriate authorities. (c) Conducting interstate relations. C. Local (1) Make agreements with neighboring water supply utilities for mutual assist- ance, for exchange of basic information, and for channeling assistance when re- quested. (2) Inventory machinery and equipment on a routine basis and forward such data to the master files of the State. (3) Amend local regulations or ordinances, if necessary, so that the local water sup- ply utility may participate in mutual aid agreements. C. Training 1. Objective To improve the competence of personnel who are concerned with public water supplies in those skills required for civil defense and emer- gency water supply activities." Dwight 2. Actions Required Jul a. Federal (1) Develop and offer technical training courses to both headquarters and field personnel and those from the State and local agencies and from industry who will, in turn, train others in civil defense and emergency water supply practices. (2) Provide direct assistance to established State short-course programs SO that civil ¹⁴See Annex 37, Training and Education. [13] Annex 32 defense may be introduced into routine course materials as a logical considera- tion of normal operation. b. State (1) Offer training to cope with disaster through established short-course pro- grams, seminars, and special courses and demonstrations to State and local per- sonnel. (2) Provide direct assistance to the local water supply utilities to establish on-the- job training for their own personnel. C. Local Offer on-the-job training for water sup- ply utility personnel and reserve manpower on emergency water treatment practices and detection of chemical, biological, and radio- logical contaminants, and give specialized training to valving crews, emergency water- treatment crews, and others who are organ- ized for a specific type of duty. D. Public Information 1. Objective As part of an organized information pro- gram, 15 to provide the general public with useful facts on individual action, such as simple water treatment and use of water in containers or other improvised storage facilities, that can be taken to provide safe water under postattack conditions; and with information concerning availability of emergency water supplies, the effect of nuclear attack on safety of water, and local sources of information regarding water supplies. ¹⁵See Annex 9, Public Information. [14] Annex 32 2. Actions Required a. Federal (1) Employ the full range of information media-especially publications, TV and radio, and direct mail-to reach the public. (2) Develop information materials for use by the States. b. State (1) Promote information activities by local agencies and give assistance through guidance and provision of information materials. (2) Coordinate State information activities with those of local agencies for maximum coverage and minimum duplication. (3) Provide information directly where there are limited or no local information activities. c. Local Provide information on water conserva- tion, purification, and use to families through D. direct channels such as local clubs, news- papers, customer billing lists, and schools. BUL / V. Execution Emergency operating plans developed in accord- ance with this annex will be put into effect at all levels upon declaration of a civil defense emergency or in event of attack. A. OCDM The Director, OCDM, shall establish program ob- jectives and standards and review plans and programs undertaken by the Department of Health, Education, [ 15] Annex 32 and Welfare under this assignment. When appropriate, OCDM shall issue governing rules, regulations, or pro- cedures with respect to the National Water Plan and shall adjudicate conflicting claims for water resources where a use of prime importance to national survival is involved. B. DHEW 1. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare shall act for OCDM as the primary Fed- eral agency for coordinating the planning and administration of the National Water Plan. DHEW shall: a. Provide for availability of emergency drink- ing water supplies during the immediate postattack period. b. Coordinate and maintain necessary contacts and liaison with Federal, State, and local agencies concerned with water supply and water resource management whose action is required to carry out the National Water Plan. C. Consult with and provide technical assistance to State and local agencies and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, with respect to pro- viding emergency community water supplies, safeguarding water quality, and determining materials and equipment requirements for water supply systems. d. Act as claimant for necessary manpower, equipment, and supplies at national and re- gional levels for operation and maintenance of public water and sewage services and facilities.¹⁶ ¹⁶See Annex 18, National Health Plan, and Annex 24, National Bio- logical and Chemical Warfare Defense Plan. [16] Annex 32 e. Initiate and collaborate in the development of joint plans to coordinate the emergency water supply programs of other agencies having responsibilities related to water supply. f. Develop standby plans for salvage of mate- rials and equipment and for rehabilitation of facilities after attack. 2. DHEW regional offices shall coordinate Federal contacts with State agencies having responsi- bility for emergency water supply activities. In emergency mobilization the DHEW regional offices shall act as arms of the OCDM Regional Offices. C. Other Federal Agencies DHEW shall coordinate the activities of other Fed- eral agencies having civil defense and defense mobiliza- tion responsibilities with respect to various aspects of water resources and water uses as outlined in Part III of this annex. Such agencies shall advise DHEW of their plans and special problems, particularly those 0. involving water supply activities of State and local Dwight governments. our D. State The State's Department of Health, or Water Au- thority, or other State agency delegated responsibility for emergency water supply planning will act as the primary State agency for coordination of planning and administration of the State water plan. Other State agencies concerned with water supplies or water re- sources will participate with the primary State agency to insure most effective use of competencies within the State organization in the area of water supply and water management. [17] Annex 32 E. Local The management of the local water utility will direct local water supply functions. The local Health Department, however, will still retain primary control of general health and sanitation. Close liaison will be necessary between these groups at the local level. F. Private Organizations The primary groups involved will be the water works associations, sewage works associations, munici- pal associations, and local civic groups. Because of their channel of direct contact with individuals and local groups, these organizations can give needed assistance to official agencies in consultative capacities and in dis- seminating information. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1960 [ 18 ] THE NATIONAL PLAN for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization Annex 33 NATIONAL ENERGY AND MINERALS PLAN (IN FOUR PARTS) The Dwight 0. UNUM Executive Office of the President OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION 27.19 ПЛИОПТИ THT bus livi) 88 250ml (10) СИЛИЗ JAZOITAN 27.19 students security DATE 10 12:17P Preface This annex supports and amplifies the National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, par- ticularly Part VI, Section F, Management of Resources after Attack on the Continental United States. While major attention is devoted to actions by Federal, State, and local governments, and by industry, in dealing with the complex problems of general war, the annex also covers actions required in limited war or under condi- tions of international tension short of actual war. It distinguishes between the tasks to be performed by the different agencies of the Federal Government and, within the Federal Government, between actions to be taken at the national level and in the field. Also, in describing responsibilities and functions of State and local governments and of industry, it provides a basis for planning, so that operations in isolated areas will be consistent with each other and with national D. Elsenhown / BUA objectives. The annex consists of four major divisions. Part One, Electric Power, is concerned with the generation, transmission, distribution, and use of electric power. Part Two, Petroleum and Gas, deals with the production, refining, processing, transmission, storage, and distri- bution of petroleum and petroleum products, and of natural and manufactured gas, and the production of petrochemicals by petroleum and gas companies and in petroleum facilities-excluding carbon black, ammonia, [iii] and synthetic rubber. Part Three, Solid Fuels, deals with the production of solid fuels, including coal chemi- cals recovered in the coke-making process, and also the distribution and use of these products, except coal chemi- cals, which are governed by Annex 28, Management of Emergency Production. Part Four, Minerals, is de- voted to the production and processing of minerals, including measures for channeling the flow of minerals in process, whereas the subsequent production and the distribution of finished shapes and forms of metal and the distribution of processed mineral commodities for industrial consumption are covered in Annex 28. Each part sets forth the responsibilities and organization per- tinent to its subject and the measures by which these responsibilities will be carried out under different emer- gency conditions. Auxiliary documents will be issued as necessary and will be subordinate to and compatible with this annex and the National Plan. The annex is published in looseleaf form in order that pages may be added or replaced easily whenever revisions are made. Director Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization Issued April 1960 [ iv ] Contents Page PREFACE iii Part One: Electric Power I. DEFINITION 1 II. ASSUMPTIONS 1 III. GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN EMERGENCIES 2 A. Federal Government 2 B. State and Local Governments 3 C. Electric Utilities 3 IV. PREATTACK PLANNING RESPONSIBILITIES 4 V. ORGANIZATION 4 A. General 4 D. Dwight B. Special Conditions of Electric Power Industry 5 The Library C. Field Organization 5 VI. ACTIONS DURING INCREASED INTERNATIONAL TENSION OR IN LIMITED WAR 7 VII. ACTIONS IN GENERAL WAR 8 A. Electric Utilities 8 B. State and Local Governments. 10 C. Federal Government 10 [v] Part Two: Petroleum and Gas I. DEFINITIONS 13 II. ASSUMPTIONS 13 III. GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN EMERGENCIES 15 A. Federal Government 15 B. State and Local Governments 16 C. Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries 17 IV. PREATTACK PLANNING RESPONSIBILITIES 17 V. ORGANIZATION 18 A. General 18 B. Special Conditions of Petroleum and Gas Industries 18 C. Field Organization 20 VI. ACTIONS DURING INCREASED INTERNATIONAL TENSION OR IN LIMITED WAR 22 VII. ACTIONS IN GENERAL WAR 24 A. Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries 24 B. Local Governments 24 C. State Governments. 26 D. Federal Government. 27 [vi] Part Three: Solid Fuels I. DEFINITIONS 34 II. ASSUMPTIONS 34 III. GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN EMERGENCIES 35 A. Federal Government 35 B. State and Local Governments 36 C. Solid Fuels Industries 37 IV. PREATTACK PLANNING RESPONSIBILITIES 37 V. ORGANIZATION 38 A. General 38 B. Special Conditions of the Solid Fuels Industries 38 C. Organization of Producing Districts— Solid Fuels Distribution Managers 40 D. Solid Fuels Liaison Representatives 42 E. Local Emergency Solid Fuels Committees 42 The LIDERATA Dwight VI. ACTIONS DURING INCREASED INTERNATIONAL TENSION OR IN LIMITED WAR 43 VII. ACTIONS IN GENERAL WAR 45 A. Producers of Solid Fuels 45 B. Local Emergency Solid Fuels Committees 46 C. Local Governments 46 [vii] D. State Governments. 47 E. Solid Fuels Liaison Representatives at OCDM Regional Offices 47 F. Solid Fuels Distribution Managers 47 G. Interior National Headquarters 50 Part Four: Minerals I. DEFINITION 52 II. ASSUMPTIONS 53 III. GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES 53 A. Federal Government 54 B. State Governments 55 C. Local Governments 55 D. Minerals Industries 56 IV. ORGANIZATION 56 A. General 56 B. Special Conditions of the Minerals Industries 57 C. Field Organization 58 V. ACTIONS DURING INCREASED INTERNATIONAL TENSION OR IN LIMITED WAR 58 VI. ACTIONS IN GENERAL WAR 61 A. State and Local Governments 61 B. Federal Government 62 [viii] ANNEX 33 NATIONAL ENERGY AND MINERALS PLAN Part One: Electric Power I. Definition Electric power, for the purpose of this annex, in- cludes all electric power capability, whether govern- ment-owned (Federal, State, or local), cooperative, investor-owned, or industrial, except those plants at 0 military bases and Atomic Energy Commission installa- Dwight tions which are both owned and operated by the Federal THE Government. II. Assumptions In a general war with nuclear attack on the United States the severe consequences would include: A. Heavy damage to electric power generating plants and widespread disruption of transmission lines. B. The denial of access to many areas, as a result of radioactive fallout, making difficult the task of opera- tion, repair, and reconstruction. C. The impossibility of central direction in many areas in the postattack period, with the result that the effectiveness and self-sufficiency of operations would be dependent on clear predelegation of authority to field officials and general understanding and acceptance of policies and standards. ¹See Annex 1, Planning Basis. [1] Annex 33 III. General Responsibilities in Emergencies A. Federal Government The Federal Government has primary responsibility for the availability of electric power sufficient to meet essential uses in periods of international tension and in limited or general war. 1. During periods of international tension or in limited war the Federal Government, through the Department of the Interior, is responsible for continuously reviewing electric power ca- pacity in relation to requirements. Interior shall make recommendations to OCDM and imple- ment OCDM-approved programs designed to reduce or eliminate potential shortages in elec- tric power. 2. During general war the Federal Government is responsible for guidance, direction, and coordi- nation of the total effort to make available an adequate supply of electric power to meet all es- sential needs. In executing these responsibili- ties the Department of the Interior, subject to the policy direction and coordination of OCDM, shall plan, direct, and control the operations of the electric power industry and its facilities. 3. In carrying out the responsibilities for planning, directing, and controlling the operations of the electric power industry and its facilities, the Sec- retary of the Interior shall provide by delegation or otherwise as he shall specify for the conduct by the Federal Power Commission of certain func- tions within the general scope of the Commis- sion's competence, statutory authority, and [2] Annex 33 other assigned responsibilities, and shall make use of the Commission's specialized services and records. B. State and Local Governments 1. State governments are responsibile for cooperat- ing with the Federal Government in developing and carrying out emergency plans. Under conditions of general war State governments will exercise priority authority over the use of electric power when requested by affected local governments or utilities or in other appropriate circumstances. 2. Local governments are responsible for cooperat- ing with the Federal and State governments in developing and carrying out emergency plans. Under conditions of general war local govern- ments will exercise priority authority over the . Eisenhower use of electric power within their jurisdictions. Dwight 3. Such exercise of authority by State and local PUL HISTORY governments shall be made within policy direc- tives issued by OCDM defining essentiality of use.² C. Electric Utilities Electric utilities are responsible for providing elec- tric power, within their capabilities, for essential uses. In carrying out this responsibility they shall comply with orders and directions of the Federal, State, and local governments within their respective jurisdictions. ²Annex 35, Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities, states in broad terms essential uses to which facilities and resources may be put after attack. OCDM national and regional offices may additionally, by orders, directions, or instructions, provide priority guidance or rela- tive urgencies. [3] Annex 33 B. Special Conditions of Electric Power Industry Electric power generating plants are dispersed throughout the United States. Generating plants of an electric utility are usually connected by transmission lines and operate as a single integrated system. In turn, several utility systems may be interconnected. In many cases, these interconnected systems form power pools, and dispatching is usually from a single point to provide efficiency and economy in operation. The area served by a utility, interconnected system, or power pool is largely determined by the location of load (pop- ulation and industry) and economy in generation. Con- sequently, the established service area of an individual utility, interconnected system, or power pool frequently does not coincide with local, State, or OCDM regional boundaries. Because of these circumstances, effective operational control cannot be established through the direction provided by OCDM regional offices or by local or State governments. C. Field Organization To meet these conditions 16 defense electric power The Dwight 0. areas (see Map No. 1) have been established. Each area is based on existing power pools and interconnected systems and is headed by an Area Power Director, who is an employee of the Department of the Interior. To effect coordination in planning and execution of plans, each Area Power Director has assigned liaison person- nel, drawn from the utilities, to each affected local and State government. Also, power liaison personnel, who are or will be Department of Interior employees, are assigned to each OCDM regional office. All liaison per- sonnel will report automatically to designated locations in the event of an attack, and will advise and assist Fed- eral, regional, State, and local officials, as appropriate, on all matters pertaining to electric power. [5] DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEFENSE ELECTRIC POWER AREAS MAINE MONTANA 15 NORTH DAKOTA 1 IDAHO MINNESOTA OREGON NEW YORK 11 WASCONSIN SOUTH DAKOTA 14 WYOMING 2 MASS I 9 5 COMP 6 RI NEVADA IOWA PENNSYLVANIA NJ UTAH NEBRASKA 3 ILLINOIS 13 INDIANA THIO 10 : MD COLORADO DEL MISSOURI 7 WIRGINIA KANSAS KENTURKY 16 ARIZONA NORTH CAROLINA NEW MEXICO TENNESSEE OKLAHOMA TEXAS ARKANSAS 8 SOUTH CAROLINA 12 GEORGIA addississiw ALABAMA 4 LOUTSIANA FLORIDA ALASKA, HAWAII, AND PUERTO RICO ARE SEPARATE POWER AREAS Map No. 1 Annex 33 VI. Actions During Increased International Tension or in Limited War In a situation of increased international tension or in limited war the steps to be taken, as well as the extent to which field representatives of the Department of the Interior will become operational, will depend on orders to be approved at the time the emergency is declared. Even under conditions not involving an attack on the United States, centralized Federal direction and control of all activities may be necessary. During this period the measures taken by the Federal Government would not directly affect or involve action by State or local governments. Under such conditions accordingly, In- terior, acting under OCDM policy direction and coordi- nation and in consultation with the electric power indus- try, would take some or all of the following actions: A. Make continuous load and capability studies. D. B. Activate field organizations as required. Dwight 941 Library C. Direct the allocation of electric power to essen- tial uses. D. Issue to the industry through Area Power Di- rectors such directives respecting other electric power matters as the situation may warrant. E. Determine needs for additional electric power, recommend to OCDM establishment of programs for needed increases in capacity, and make recommenda- tions with respect to financial incentives. F. Serve as claimant for the electric power indus- try in meeting its needs for materials and equipment, and allot to electric utilities materials and equipment allocated to electric power programs. [7] Annex 33 G. Within the authority granted by the Federal agency responsible for the allocation of construction materials, issue construction authorizations for new and expanded facilities as required. H. Work with appropriate agencies in obtaining and retaining manpower and facilities for the electric power industry. VII. Actions in General War A. Electric Utilities Electric utilities will: 1. Comply, within their capabilities, with requests from local, State, and Federal officials for sup- ply of electric power for essential uses. 2. Activate power liaison personnel with local and State governments. 3. Invoke mutual aid agreements between utilities when necessary. 4. Call on other utilities and pool members in the electric power area for needed equipment, inven- tory items, and skilled manpower. 5. Report damage, total remaining capability, and total demand to the Area Power Director. 6. If power is not available to meet all demands for essential uses, including essential uses of mili- tary and AEC installations, request the Area Power Director to order curtailment of nones- sential uses within the area, and at the same time notify the affected government headquar- ters through the liaison representative so that government may enforce curtailment of nones- sential uses within the area. [8] Annex 33 7. If, after curtailment, supply of power is not suf- ficient to serve all essential uses, including those of military and AEC installations, obtain deci- sion on priority of use and allocate power as follows: a. If the conflict for power is within the jurisdic- tion of a single local government, present in- formation respecting the power available and the conflicting demands to the local govern- ment official for his decision. b. In the event the conflicting requests are spread over two or more local governmental jurisdictions within a State, obtain decision on priority of use of power from the State government. The request for decision may be made by the affected utility through the Area Power Director, if necessary, or by an affected local jurisdiction. The decision will be directed to the utility for action, with in- à formation to the affected jurisdictions. DIMBILI OHL C. Should the conflict cross State lines, obtain decision on priority of use of power from the OCDM regional office. The request for deci- sion may be made by the affected utility through the Area Power Director, if neces- sary, or by a State government. The decision will be directed to the affected utility or utili- ties for action with information to the affected States. 8. If electric service cannot be provided to an area with safety, disconnect all power supply to that area. [9] Annex 33 B. State and Local Governments State and local governments will: 1. Consult on all electric power matters with the ap- propriate electric power liaison representative. 2. Inform utilities or the Area Power Director through the power liaison representative of es- sential power needs which must be met. 3. If power is not available to meet all essential uses, determine priority of power among users within the particular jurisdiction or, if the con- flict affects users in another jurisdiction, refer the matter to the next higher level of govern- ment. The decision will be directed to the af- fected utility for action, with information to the affected jurisdiction. 4. Issue, as necessary, curtailment orders respect- ing nonessential uses, and cooperate in the enforcement of curtailment orders issued by a higher authority (Federal or State). 5. In the immediate postattack period direct and assist in emergency restoration and repair to serve essential uses. 6. Permit electric utilities to retain for their use their wholly owned communication facilities, or those leased for their exclusive use, subject to such regulations as the Federal Government may promulgate. 7. Forward, as requested, to the next higher level of government, damage reports on power fa- cilities. C. Federal Government 1. Each Area Power Director will: a. Order curtailment of nonessential uses when necessary to comply with the determinations [10 ] Annex 33 of State and local governments and the OCDM regional office with respect to making power available for essential uses. (Enforcement will be by State and local governments.) b. Advise Interior national headquarters, and the proper OCDM regional office, of damage to electric power facilities and the availability or shortage of electric power in his area. c. If necessary, encourage utilities to establish interconnections; if utilities involved do not act, refer the problem to Interior national headquarters. d. Requisition, if necessary, essential equip- ment, materials, and supplies from inven- tories of utilities. e. Direct restoration and repair of power facili- ties to serve essential uses. f. Assist, as appropriate, in the transfer of man- power among electric utilities. D. g. Submit to Interior national headquarters re- quests for needed manpower, materials, and FILL equipment. h. In the postattack period when communica- tions with higher headquarters are not open, exercise with respect to the applicable power area the authority delegated to the Secretary of the Interior. Such exercise will be subject to OCDM policy directives. 2. The Department of the Interior national head- quarters, working in close cooperation with the Area Power Directors, will: a. Give general direction to field operations, subject to availability of communications. [11] Annex 33 b. If interconnections between utility systems are necessary, make request to the Federal Power Commission. C. Develop, and recommend for OCDM's ap- proval, a program for construction and reha- bilitation of the electric power industry. d. Direct restoration, repair, expansion, and construction of essential facilities. e. Allot materials and equipment allocated to the program. f. Within the approved program, and within the authority granted by the Federal agency re- sponsible for the allocation of construction materials, issue construction authorizations to the electric power industry. g. Work with appropriate agencies in obtaining and retaining essential manpower, facilities, and materials for the electric power industry. [12] Part Two: Petroleum and Gas I. Definitions A. Petroleum, for the purposes of this annex, means all crude petroleum, all petroleum products de- signed for fuel or lubricants, and the following other products not of petroleum origin used primarily in the petroleum industry: tetraethyl lead fluid, catalysts, ad- ditives, and inhibitors made especially for petroleum products, and fluids, additives, and demulsifiers made especially for oil and gas drilling. B. Gas, for the purposes of this annex, means all natural and manufactured gas. C. Petrochemicals, for the purposes of this annex, means chemicals of petroleum or gas origin made by pe- troleum and gas companies or in petroleum facilities D. excluding carbon black, ammonia, and synthetic rubber. Dwight DEPARTMENT BILL II. Assumptions 3 In a general war with nuclear attack on the United States, the severe consequences would include: A. Heavy damage to petroleum refineries, tetra- ethyl lead facilities, petroleum storage facilities, and port facilities, and disruption of petroleum pipeline op- erations and gas distribution. B. The denial of access to many areas, as a result of radioactive fallout, making difficult the task of oper- ation, repair, and reconstruction. C. The probable lack of central direction in many areas in the postattack period, with the result that the effectiveness and self-sufficiency of operations would See Annex 1, Planning Basis. [13] Annex 33 be dependent on clear predelegation of authority to field officials and general understanding and acceptance of policies and standards. III. General Responsibilities in Emergencies A. Federal Government The Federal Government has primary responsibil- ity for the availability of petroleum, gas, and petro- chemicals sufficient to meet essential uses in periods of international tension and in limited or general war. 1. During periods of international tension or in limited war the Federal Government, through the Department of the Interior, is responsible for continuously reviewing supplies and produc- tive capacity in relation to requirements. Inter- ior shall make recommendations to OCDM and implement OCDM-approved programs designed to reduce or eliminate potential shortages. 2. During general war the Federal Government is responsible for guidance, direction, and coordi- nation of the total effort to make available ade- quate supplies to meet all essential needs. In executing these responsibilities the Department of the Interior, subject to the policy direction and coordination of OCDM, shall plan, direct, and control the operations of the petroleum, gas, and petrochemical industries and their facilities, as follows: a. Operational direction and control of the pe- troleum industry includes petroleum and nat- ural gasoline production, refining, pipeline The Department of the Interior has jurisdiction over the production of petrochemicals. The distribution of petrochemicals is under the juris- diction of the Department of Commerce and governed by Annex 28, Management of Emergency Production. [14] Annex 33 operations, storage and replenishment of primary inventories, and allocation and dis- tribution from primary inventories, whether to secondary inventories" or direct to consum- ers (usually but not necessarily consumers, such as military and AEC installations and in- dustrial plants, which are supplied by tanker or barge or have a tie-in to petroleum pipe- lines). Interior's operational direction and control does not extend to storage of or allocation and distribution from secondary inventories. b. Operational direction and control of the gas industry includes production, processing, transmission, underground storage, and allo- cation to local utilities. It also includes al- . location direct to consumers, such as military Dwight and AEC installations and industrial plants, 141 having a direct tie-in to gas transmission lines. Interior's operational direction and control does not extend to distribution of gas by local utilities. c. Operational direction and control of the pet- rochemical industry includes production of petrochemicals. ⁵Primary inventories are all crudes, natural gasolines, and unfinished oils, and those petroleum products in storage at refineries or at bulk ter- minals supplied primarily by pipeline, tanker, or barge and preponder- antly distributed to bulk plants or large consumers. Stocks in transit from or to a primary storage terminal are included as primary inventories. "Secondary inventories are those petroleum products in storage at (1) bulk plants supplied primarily by tank car, tank truck, or barge rather than by pipeline or tanker, and preponderantly distributed to retailers, industrial accounts, farmers, and individual smaller consumers; (2) service stations, jobbers, or other small users having petroleum stocks in bulk storage; and (3) refineries where segregated for exclusive delivery to consumers listed in (2). Military stocks are secondary inventories, but not available for dis- tribution for nonmilitary uses except by agreement with the military authorities. [15] Annex 33 d. In those cases where it allocates petroleum products or natural gas direct to consumers, rather than to secondary petroleum inven- tories or to local gas utilities, Interior shall be guided by OCDM policy directives defining essentiality of use and by any specific direc- tives or orders of OCDM regional offices. In making any such direct allocations to con- sumers, Interior's field offices shall, to avoid duplication, consult with State and local gov- ernments with respect to amounts available to such consumers from secondary petroleum inventories or local gas utilities. 3. In carrying out the responsibilities for planning, directing, and controlling the operations of the natural gas industry, the Secretary of the In- terior shall provide by delegation or otherwise as he shall specify for the conduct by the Fed- eral Power Commission of certain functions within the general scope of the Commission's competence, statutory authority, and other as- signed responsibilities and shall make use of the Commission's specialized services and records. B. State and Local Governments 1. State and local governments are responsible for cooperating with the Federal Government in developing and carrying out emergency plans. 2. Local governments under conditions of general war will exercise priority and allocation author- ity over petroleum products in secondary inven- tories and over gas distribution by local utilities. When, however, petroleum or gas is insufficient to meet all essential uses and the conflict in- volves two or more local jurisdictions, the State [16] Annex 33 government will exercise such priority and allo- cation authority. 3. In the exercise of such priority and allocation authority, State and local governments will com- ply with OCDM policy directives defining essen- tiality of use.⁷ C. Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries Petroleum, gas, and petrochemical companies are responsible, within their capabilities, for meeting es- sential requirements. IV. Preattack Planning Responsibilities A. In preattack planning the Department of the Interior, as the agency responsible in an emergency for direction and control of the petroleum, gas, and petro- chemical industries, is responsible for: 1. Coordinating with each State the plans of the Federal and State governments for civil defense D. and defense mobilization with respect to petro- DIMIRE IDENTIFICATION leum and gas. BILL 2. Assisting each State in developing an organiza- tion capable of meeting the emergency respon- sibilities of the State and its political subdivi- sions with respect to petroleum and gas. 3. Initiating and completing a study in each State, in cooperation with the State government, to identify the preattack location and capacity of all primary and secondary petroleum storage within the State. Annex 35, Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities, states in broad terms essential uses to which facilities and resources may be put after attack. OCDM national and regional offices may additionally, by orders, directions, or instructions, provide priority guidance or relative urgencies. [ 17 ] Annex 33 4. Initiating and completing plans with each State to determine the circumstances under which some stocks of primary inventories may be made available for essential uses to augment in- adequate secondary supplies. B. All such preattack planning and studies will be undertaken after consultation and in coordination with the applicable OCDM regional office. C. The petroleum, gas, and petrochemical indus- tries, in order to achieve maximum preemergency readiness, will cooperate with and provide all possible as- sistance to Federal, State, and local governments in de- veloping emergency plans. V. Organization A. General The Secretary of the Interior, under delegation from the President and the Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, has assigned mobilization planning for petroleum, gas, and petrochemicals to the Office of Oil and Gas, a staff unit under the Assistant Secretary for Mineral Resources. The Office of Oil and Gas is the nucleus of the Federal emergency organiza- tion at the national level which will, through regional, State, and local field offices, provide operational direction and control of these industries in an emergency. B. Special Conditions of Petroleum and Gas Industries In normal times petroleum and gas move freely throughout the United States. Many areas that con- sume large quantities of these products are largely, or even totally, without indigenous supplies. In the case of petroleum, these conditions also prevail in the rest of the Free World. To achieve distribution of avail- able supplies of petroleum and gas to areas and [18] Annex 33 purposes of greatest need, it is necessary in a period of national emergency that operations be directed by a Federal agency functioning on a centralized basis, inso- far as conditions permit. A nationwide network of pipelines moves crude oil to refineries and marine terminals, and petroleum products and natural gas to consuming areas. These pipelines, which cross State boundaries and OCDM re- gional boundaries, are vital to the provision of adequate supplies of petroleum products and gas in most areas of the United States. Pipeline, refinery, storage, and distribution operations are interdependent. Damage to, or operational stoppage of, any such facility at one point in the system often requires quick adjustments elsewhere to prevent waste or danger of fire and explo- sion. For these reasons, petroleum and gas operations must be controlled on an interstate, systemwide basis and by a Federal agency having overall responsibility for petroleum and gas supply. In emergencies, supplies of oil and natural gas D. from foreign areas may be of great importance to the United States and more particularly to its allies. Fur- BUL thermore, all operations of the petroleum industry throughout the Free World will have to be coordinated to achieve maximum efficient utilization of available facilities. For these reasons the Office of Oil and Gas, Department of the Interior, will take into account the petroleum resources and requirements of all nations of the Free World in its mobilization planning and, in any emergency, will discharge the responsibilities of the United States for the mobilization of these foreign petroleum resources and facilities. With respect to foreign supplies and requirements, the mobilization function will be performed in cooperation with repre- sentatives of affected foreign nations, and will be con- [19] Annex 33 sistent with United States international arrangements, foreign policy guidance of the Department of State, and general policies established by OCDM. C. Field Organization A standby Federal organization of key personnel, drawn from the petroleum, gas, and petrochemical in- dustries to operate at regional, State, and local levels, is being established by the Office of Oil and Gas, Depart- ment of the Interior, and will be activated to the degree necessary to meet the emergency. These key people will report automatically to predesignated locations in the event of an attack and upon assuming their duties will become employees of the Department of the Interior. In the event of a general war, the field offices to be activated will be: 1. Regional offices in the eight OCDM regions, each such office to be in the same locality as the OCDM regional office and each to cover a region with the same boundaries as the OCDM office with which it is associated. (See Map No. 2.) 2. State offices in all States, each in the same lo- cality as the State government's headquarters for emergency operations. 3. Local offices, where the importance of petroleum and gas facilities and operations in the area warrants their establishment. The head of each field office will advise and assist OCDM regional offices and State and local govern- ments, as appropriate, on all matters pertaining to pe- troleum and gas and to the production of petrochemicals and, in the event communication with higher headquar- ters is impossible, will exercise with respect to these in- dustries in his area the powers of the Secretary of the [20] OCDM REGIONS (COTERMINOUS WITH DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REGIONS FOR PETROLEUM AND GAS EMERGENCY OPERATIONS) WASHINGTON : EVERETT MONTANA LAKE MINNESOTA SUPERIOR IDAHO NORTH DAKOTA MICHIGAN OREGON WISCONSIN LAKE HURON CONN MASS HARVARD 8 4 SOUTH DAKOTA LAKE MICHIGAN MICHIGAN BATTLE CREEK - WYOMING ILLINOIS LAKE EPRENNSYLVANIA INDIANA CALIFORNIA / OHIO IOWA NEVADA NEBRASKA UTAH 6 2 VIRGINIA WASHINGTON 7 COLORADO MISSOURI KENTUCKY SANTA ROSA KANSAS DENVER ARIZONA CAROLINA TENNESSEE NEW MEXICO OKLAHOMA - ARKANSAS ALABAMA GEORGIA CAROLINA TEXAS MISSISSIPPI 3 HEADQUARTERS 5 LOUISIANA THOMASVILLE OFFICES FLORIDA DENTON * REGIONAL OFFICES TERRITORIES, SERVICED POSSESSIONS, ETC BY a PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN IS REGION I ALASKA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REGION 2 HAWAII CANAL ZONE REGION 3 AMERICAN SAMOA, GUAM, REGION 7 STATE OF HAWAII REGION 7 The Dwight II STATE OF ALASKA REGION 8 Map No. 2 REGION 8 LIGHT Annex 33 Interior. He will also have authority to employ addi- tional staff. If the emergency is short of general war, the above offices will be established only as needed. VI. Actions During Increased International Tension or in Limited War In a situation of increased international tension or in limited war the steps to be taken, as well as the extent to which the Department of the Interior's field representatives for petroleum and gas will become op- erational, will depend on the situation at the time the emergency is declared. Even under conditions not in- volving an attack on the United States, centralized Federal direction and control of petroleum, gas, and pet- rochemical activities may be necessary. During this period the measures taken by the Federal Government would not directly affect or involve actions by State and local governments. Under such conditions accord- ingly, Interior, acting under OCDM policy direction and coordination, would take some or all of the following actions: A. Bring the national organization to the strength required to meet the degree of emergency, and activate the field organization to the extent required. B. Make continuous studies of existing and pros- pective supplies of petroleum, gas, and petrochemicals available to meet current needs and possible require- ments of an emergency of greater magnitude. C. Determine petroleum and gas requirements and direct operations of the industries to the extent neces- sary to meet those requirements. Cooperate with State regulatory bodies to assure production and related transportation of petroleum and gas in necessary quantities. [ 22 ] Annex 33 D. Direct the production of the petrochemical in- dustry to the extent necessary to meet requirements determined by the Department of Commerce. E. Recommend to OCDM programs for any needed increases in capacity of petroleum, gas, and petrochem- ical facilities. F. In connection with such programs, make rec- ommendations to OCDM with respect to financial aids and incentives. G. Under approved programs submit requests to appropriate agencies for materials and equipment needed by the petroleum, gas, and petrochemical indus- tries and make allotments to these industries. H. Within the authority granted by the appropri- ate Federal agency responsible for the allocation of construction materials, issue construction authoriza- tions for petroleum, gas, and petrochemical facilities. I. Arrange through responsible agencies for D. needed rail, highway, inland waterway, and ocean trans- Dwight port facilities and port facilities. THE J. Request assistance in retaining or obtaining manpower to accomplish petroleum, gas, and petro- chemical programs. K. Recommend to the responsible agency that ad- justments be made in price, wage, or rationing controls if such controls have been invoked and are adversely affecting supplies of petroleum, gas, and petrochemicals needed to meet requirements. L. Subject to the foreign policy guidance of the Department of State, and in consultation with other interested agencies and appropriate nations, where foreign supplies and requirements are involved, estab- lish and administer programs for the mobilization of [23 ] Annex 33 petroleum and natural gas resources in support of the war effort of the United States and its allies. VII. Actions in General War In general war with nuclear attack on the United States, the actions listed below will be taken. To the extent feasible, these actions, in the initial postattack period, will be in accord with orders and directives previously issued by OCDM, including those providing priority guidance or relative urgencies of use, and those issued by the Department of the Interior. When com- munications between successive levels of government are restored, actions at the lower level may be subject to modification or change by the next higher level. A. Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries The petroleum and gas industries will endeavor to produce, and to distribute to points where needed, ade- quate quantities of their products to meet all essential needs, in accordance with orders and directions of the Federal, State, and local governments within their re- spective jurisdictions. The petrochemical industry will endeavor to produce adequate quantities to meet essen- tial needs in accordance with orders and directions of the Federal Government. B. Local Governments Each local government will: 1. Stop all deliveries of petroleum products from secondary inventories, including service stations, except for such amounts as the local government may allocate to the most important emergency uses, such as ambulances, police and fire vehicles, heating of hospitals, and military installations. Similarly allocate to the most important emer- gency uses gas available to local utilities. As [24] Annex 33 availability of supply permits, progressively broaden allocations of petroleum from second- ary inventories and gas from local utilities for essential uses, so far as possible resolving con- flicts between essential local users on the basis of OCDM policy directives providing priority guidance or relative urgencies, or specific orders or instructions consistent therewith issued by the State government. 2. Consult with Interior's local office for petroleum and gas (or, if none has been set up, with Inter- ior's State office) respecting petroleum and gas matters, including requirements and available supply. 3. Keep the State government informed of princi- pal commitments of petroleum and gas re- sources in the local jurisdiction, of shortages and surpluses of supply, and of the needs, if pres- ent, for replenishment of supplies from primary petroleum inventories. 4. Forward to the State government damage re- ports on petroleum, gas, and petrochemical facilities. 5. If secondary supplies within its purview are in- sufficient to meet absolute minimum essential 0 needs, including any requirements placed by the military or AEC on such supplies, ask the State Dwight BUL LISTED government for help in obtaining needed sup- plies, presenting data on the supply-require- ments position and conflicting demands. 6. Permit petroleum and gas companies to retain for their use their wholly owned communication facilities, and those leased for their exclusive use, subject to such regulations as the Federal Government may promulgate. [25] Annex 33 7. In the immediate postattack period, prior to institution of Federal rationing or conservation, cooperate with the State government in carry- ing out State orders with respect to rationing or conservation at the consumer level of petroleum products and natural gas. In the event that it is not feasible at the State level to direct such rationing or conservation, or the locality is out of contact with the State government, issue orders with respect thereto at the local level. Such actions and orders should be consistent with predetermined national policy with respect to essentiality of use. C. State Governments Each State government will: 1. Consult on petroleum and gas matters with In- terior's State office for petroleum and gas. 2. Keep the OCDM regional office informed of the principal commitments of petroleum and gas supplies within the State or across State lines and of shortages and surpluses within the State. 3. Forward to the OCDM regional office damage re- ports on petroleum, gas, and petrochemical facilities. 4. Resolve conflicts in essential demand, including those of the military and AEC, which can be met from secondary petroleum inventories or from local gas utilities. Allocate available sup- plies from such sources, insuring insofar as pos- sible that sufficient supplies of petroleum and gas are applied to the most essential uses, as determined by policy directives of OCDM na- tional or regional offices providing priority guid- ance or relative urgencies. Insofar as essential [ 26 ] Annex 33 demands cannot be met from secondary petro- leum inventories or local gas utilities, present to Interior's State office for petroleum and gas the facts affecting the urgency of releasing petroleum products from primary inventories and natural gas in transmission lines and in underground storage. 5. In case of conflicting demands for available supplies, involving more than one State, refer the problem and supporting data to the OCDM regional office for decision. 6. Permit petroleum and gas companies to retain for their own use their wholly owned commu- nication facilities and those leased for their ex- clusive use, subject to such regulations as the Federal Government may promulgate. 7. In the postattack period, prior to institution of Federal rationing and conservation, issue orders for the rationing and conservation at the con- sumer level of petroleum products and natural gas, and advise representatives of Interior and local governments on actions taken and respon- sibilities of State and local governments for enforcement. D D. Federal Government 1. Field Offices-Subject at each level to the direc- Dwight BUL tion of the next higher Interior field authority or of Interior's national headquarters, as com- munications permit, the local, State, and re- gional field offices for petroleum and gas, each as appropriate, will: a. Stop pipeline movements of crude oil and petroleum products and transmission of nat- ural gas to inoperable facilities in their [27] Annex 33 respective areas, and divert such movements where feasible. b. In the case of crude oil and petroleum prod- ucts en route by inland waterways or over- land transportation to facilities made inop- erable by the attack, request the appropriate transportation agency to divert to safe areas and, if possible, to areas where needed. C. In the case of ocean tankers which have to be diverted by the Maritime Administration because of damage to the port of original destination, advise the Maritime Adminis- tration as to alternate ports or offshore dis- charge facilities which can accommodate and unload the tankers. d. Determine loss of primary storage capacity for crude oil and petroleum products and quantities of each product available in un- damaged tanks. Assess damage to other petroleum facilities and to gas and petro- chemical facilities, and determine remaining capabilities. Report to the next higher In- terior office for petroleum and gas, to the OCDM regional office, and to the applicable State or local government. e. Direct operation of surviving facilities- such as refineries; natural-gasoline plants; facilities for the manufacture of gas, tetra- ethyl lead, catalysts, and petrochemicals; pipelines (including interconnections and conversions); and storage facilities-in or- der to supply petroleum, gas, and petrochem- icals in sufficient quantities to meet essential requirements. [28] Annex 33 f. Allocate petroleum products from primary inventories to secondary inventories, and to military and AEC installations and indus- trial plants served directly from primary in- ventories. Allocate gas from transmission lines and underground storage to local utili- ties, and to military and AEC installations and industrial plants served directly by such transmission lines. In all such allocations, insure insofar as possible that sufficient sup- plies of petroleum and gas will be available for, or are applied to, the most essential uses as determined by policy directives of OCDM national or regional offices providing priority guidance or relative urgencies. g. At the regional level, analyze shortages and conflicts in demand as presented by State governments, make determinations of such conflicts as can be resolved by application of priority guidance or relative urgencies there- tofore supplied by OCDM's national or re- gional offices, and make allocations accord- ingly. Present to the OCDM regional office D. for decision those conflicts which cannot be Dwight resolved by application of such priority guid- BILL / ance or relative urgencies. h. Advise and assist OCDM regional offices and State and local governments, as appropriate, respecting petroleum and gas matters, in- cluding plans for replenishment of secondary stocks of petroleum products and for making gas available to local utilities, as well as in- formation available to Interior's field office respecting current petroleum stocks in sec- ondary inventories. [ 29 ] Annex 33 i. Advise OCDM regional offices and State and local governments concerning supply avail- ability in connection with rationing or con- servation programs which should be put into effect to alleviate local shortages. (State and local governments will be responsible for rationing petroleum products to consumers in the initial period following the attack. Later, when the rationing or conservation program is administered by a Federal agency, Interior will advise that agency con- cerning the adequacy of supplies.) j. Request appropriate transportation agencies to assist in obtaining needed rail, highway, inland waterway, and ocean transport facili- ties and port facilities. k. To effect emergency repair of petroleum, gas, and petrochemical facilities, direct among appropriate companies the transfer of materials and equipment of those indus- tries; assist, as appropriate, in the transfer of manpower among these companies; and submit requests for needed additional man- power, materials, and equipment to Interior national headquarters or, in event commu- nications are not open, to the OCDM regional office. 2. National Headquarters-The national head- quarters of the Department of the Interior for petroleum and gas, when national control is ef- fective, and with assistance from the field offices where needed, will: a. Issue orders implementing OCDM policy di- rectives governing the use of petroleum and gas. [30] Annex 33 b. Direct the production, refining, pipeline movement, and primary storage of petroleum and petroleum products, and make use of available land and water transportation fa- cilities, to insure insofar as possible the avail- ability in primary storage at accessible loca- tions of supplies of petroleum sufficient to meet the most essential needs. Direct the production, processing, transmission, and un- derground storage of natural and manufac- tured gas to insure insofar as possible the availability of gas to meet the most essential needs. For the same purpose direct the manufacture of petrochemicals. c. Allocate petroleum products from primary inventories to secondary inventories, and to military and AEC installations and industrial plants served directly from primary inven- D. tories. Allocate gas from transmission lines Dwight and underground storage to local utilities, SILL and to military and AEC installations and in- dustrial plants served directly by such trans- mission lines. In all such allocations, insure insofar as possible that sufficient supplies of petroleum and gas will be available at sec- ondary petroleum inventories or local gas utilities for, or are applied direct to, the most essential uses as determined by policy direc- tives of OCDM providing priority guidance or relative urgencies. d. Estimate the surviving capability of petro- leum, gas, and petrochemical industries. As reports are received from Interior field offices and OCDM regional offices, revise [31] Annex 33 capability estimates as necessary. Report findings to OCDM National Headquarters. e. Call on claimant agencies to submit to Interior requirements for petroleum and gas, time- phased and by geographical area, for military and essential civilian purposes, including pro- duction of survival items and other essential goods. Present results to OCDM. f. Prepare and submit to OCDM short-, me- dium-, and long-range programs for the op- erations of the petroleum, gas, and petro- chemical industries to meet essential needs. Upon receipt of OCDM-approved program determinations, take the following actions: (1) Direct operations of the industries to provide supplies in accordance with the approved program. (2) Prepare detailed estimates to obtain al- locations of manpower, materials, equip- ment, and other resources needed for operation, maintenance, repair, and con- struction required to achieve program goals. (3) In connection with necessary expansion and construction, make recommenda- tions to OCDM with respect to needed financial aids and incentives. (4) Within the authority granted by the Fed- eral agency responsible for the alloca- tion of construction materials, issue construction authorizations to these industries. [32] Annex 33 g. Act as claimant for manpower, materials, equipment, and other resources for petro- chemical producers and the entire petroleum and gas industries, and allot to individual companies the materials and equipment which have been allocated. h. Request appropriate transportation agencies to assist in obtaining needed rail, highway, inland waterway, and ocean transport facili- ties and port facilities. i. Determine condition of private communica- tions facilities of petroleum and gas indus- tries, and arrange with the appropriate com- munications agency for continued use by petroleum and gas companies of their wholly owned communication facilities and those leased for their exclusive use. Request pri- ority for materials and equipment to main- Dwight IDENTIFICATION tain and restore such facilities. 841 j. Advise and assist the Federal agency having responsibility for rationing and conservation programs, concerning the adequacy of sup- plies of petroleum and gas to meet essential needs. k. In consultation with OCDM, and subject to the foreign policy guidance of the Depart- ment of State and in consultation with appro- priate nations, where foreign supplies and requirements are involved, establish and ad- minister programs for the mobilization of petroleum and natural gas resources in sup- port of the recovery and war effort of the United States and its allies. [33] Part Three: Solid Fuels I. Definitions A. Solid fuels, for the purposes of this annex, in- clude all anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, briquettes, and beehive and byproduct coke. B. Coal chemicals, for the purposes of this annex, means those chemicals recovered in the manufacture of coke. II. Assumptions In a general war with nuclear attack on the United States, the severe consequences would include: A. Heavy damage to some production facilities, to byproduct coke plants, and to all forms of trans- portation. B. The denial of access to many areas, as a result of radioactive fallout, making difficult the task of op- eration, repair, and reconstruction. C. The impossibility of central direction in many areas in the postattack period, with the result that the effectiveness and self-sufficiency of operations will be dependent on clear predelegation of authority to field officials and general understanding and acceptance of policies and standards. ⁸See Annex 1, Planning Basis. [34] Annex 33 III. General Responsibilities in Emergencies A. Federal Government The Federal Government has primary responsi- bility for the supply of solid fuels and coal chemicals in sufficient quantity to meet essential uses in periods of international tension and in limited or general war. 1. During periods of international tension or in limited war the Federal Government, through the Department of the Interior, is responsible for continuously reviewing supplies and pro- ductive capacity of solid fuels and coal chemicals in relation to requirements. Interior shall make recommendations to OCDM and implement OCDM-approved programs designed to reduce or eliminate potential shortages in solid fuels and coal chemicals. D. Elsenhow 2. During general war the Federal Government is Dwight responsible for guidance, direction, and coordi- onl nation of the total effort to make available an adequate supply of solid fuels and coal chemi- cals to meet all essential needs. In executing these responsibilities the Department of the In- terior, subject to the policy direction and coordi- nation of OCDM, shall plan, direct, and control all phases of the production of solid fuels and coal chemicals and also the distribution of solid fuels within the following categories: a. All undistributed stocks of solid fuels at the mines or other primary source of supply. The Department of the Interior has jurisdiction over the production of coal chemicals recovered in the coke-making process. The distribution of such coal chemicals is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Commerce and governed by Annex 28, Management of Emergency Pro- duction. [35] Annex 33 b. All solid fuels produced subsequent to the oc- currence of the emergency. C. All solid fuels in transit by common carrier. 3. The Department of the Interior, through its solid fuels field organization, shall draw upon the above-listed sources and direct or redirect shipments to fill approved requests for solid fuels for essential uses received from State and local governments. Shipments pursuant to such approved requests shall be made either to des- ignated locations for redistribution as directed by local governments or direct to consumers. B. State and Local Governments 1. State and local governments are responsible for cooperating with the Federal Government in developing and carrying out emergency plans and for supporting its policies and directives. 2. State and local governments are responsible for insuring that to the fullest possible extent solid fuels are made available to the most es- sential uses. 3. The distribution and uses of solid fuels deliv- ered prior to the emergency and of solid fuels subsequently made available to designated lo- cations in accordance with the procedures de- scribed in Subsection III.A.3 above are pri- marily the responsibility of the applicable local government. 4. When, however, supplies of solid fuels are in- sufficient to meet all essential uses and the conflict involves two or more localities within a State, the State government will assume re- sponsibility for determining the priority of use and will direct allocation. [36] Annex 33 5. In the exercise of their authority respecting priority of use and allocation, State and local governments will comply with OCDM policy di- rectives defining essentiality of use¹⁰ and also, in the case of local governments, with any specific directions or orders of the State government. C. Solid Fuels Industries The solid fuels industries are responsible, within their capabilities, for meeting essential requirements for solid fuels. In carrying out their responsibility they shall comply with orders and directions of the Federal, State, and local governments within their respective jurisdictions. IV. Preattack Planning Responsibilities A. In preattack planning, the Department of the Interior, as the agency responsible in an emergency for D. direction and control of the solid fuels industries, is Dwight ADDRESS responsible for: BUL 1. Coordinating with each State the plans of the Federal and State governments for civil de- fense and defense mobilization with respect to solid fuels. 2. Assisting each State in developing an organiza- tion capable of meeting the emergency respon- sibilities of the State and its political subdivi- sions with respect to solid fuels. B. All such preattack planning will be undertaken after consultation and in coordination with the applica- ble OCDM regional office. 10 Annex 35, Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities, states in broad terms essential uses to which facilities and resources may be put after attack. OCDM national and regional offices may additionally, by orders, directions, or instructions, provide priority guidance or relative urgencies. [37] Annex 33 V. Organization A. General To carry out his responsibilities with respect to the production of solid fuels and coal chemicals and the distribution and use of solid fuels in an emergency, the Secretary of the Interior, under delegation from the President and the Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, has established a standby or- ganization which will be activated to the degree neces- sary to meet any emergency. The nucleus of the Federal organization is a part of the staff of the Office of Min- erals Mobilization in the Office of the Assistant Secre- tary for Mineral Resources, Department of the Interior. This staff, working under the policy direction and co- ordination of OCDM, and in close cooperation with the solid fuels industries, is responsible for planning neces- sary to achieve maximum readiness under any type of emergency. B. Special Conditions of the Solid Fuels Industries Bituminous coal and lignite are produced in many areas of the country, while anthracite is produced com- mercially only in eastern Pennsylvania. Although bi- tuminous coal and lignite production facilities are wide- spread geographically, production is centered in 23 specific districts. Each district consists of a group of mines producing coals of generally similar quality and served by a transportation system which permits these coals to be marketed competitively in certain common markets. Groups of producers in each district main- tain or are affiliated with associations which deal with the problems common to that district. The pattern of these producing districts has existed unchanged for many years. (See Map No. 3.) [38] COAL PRODUCING DISTRICTS WASH. 22 MONT. N.DAK. MAINE OREGON MINN. VT. 23 N.H. IDAHO 21 8. DAK. WIS. 5 N.Y. MADE. WYO. MICH. DONN. .R.I. 19 12 1 A IOWA PA NEV. 20 NEBR. & 16 OHIO 2 MD. IND. DEL. UTAH 17 ILL. 4 3 CALIF. COLO 10 11 VA KANSAS MO. VA. KY. 8 9 18 N.C. 15 TEN! ARIZ. OKLA. 14 N.MEX. ARK. S.C. 13 ALA. GA. MISS. TEXAS LA. i 23 FLA. Map No. 3 The Dwight Annex 33 In only a few States do the boundaries of the pro- ducing districts correspond to the State boundaries. In some instances, the districts include all or parts of two or more States, while in others the boundaries of a single State include all or parts of several producing districts. Producing districts do not necessarily coin- cide with either State or OCDM regional boundaries. Due to these circumstances, effective operational con- trol cannot be established to conform with the geo- graphical boundaries of OCDM Regions or States. Facilities for the production of byproduct coke and coal chemicals are located close to centers of steel pro- duction. The production of beehive coke is concentrated in Pennsylvania, with a few scattered operations in other States. The American Iron and Steel Institute has divided the United States into six steel-producing districts, and this geographical breakdown is used by the Department of the Interior for mobilization plan- ning for coke and coal chemicals. These districts, which have been used by the iron and steel industry for many years, do not coincide with either State or OCDM regional boundaries. (See Map No. 4.) C. Organization of Producing Districts-Solid Fuels Distribution Managers" 11 To meet these conditions Interior has selected from the solid fuels industries persons who in an emergency will become Federal employees responsible for the control of the production of solid fuels and coal chemicals and the distribution and use of all solid fuels, except those aspects of distribution for which State and local governments are responsible as set forth in Section III.B above. Each such person will serve as "Formerly designated Area Distribution Managers. [40] STEEL DISTRICTS WASH. Cleveland-Detroit District MONT. N.DAK. MAINE Eastern District OREGON MINN. VT. N.H. IDAHO 8. DAK. Chicago District WIS. N.Y. MASS. WYO. MICH DONN. R.1. IOWA NEV. NEBR. 4 OHIO MD IND. DEL.. UTAH ILL CALIF. W.VA. COLO. Pittsburgh- Youngstown KANSAS MO. VA: KY. District N.C. TENN. ARIZ. OKLA. N.MEX. ARK. S.C. GA. MISS. ALA. Western District TEXAS LA. FLA. Southern District The circles show centers of production and are indicative of relative capacity. Map No. 4 The Dwight Annex 33 the Solid Fuels Distribution Manager for one or more coal-producing districts or for a portion of a steel-pro- ducing district. D. Solid Fuels Liaison Representatives To provide a point of contact with the solid fuels organization of the Department of the Interior for each State, whether or not the State is a producer of solid fuels, Interior will have a Solid Fuels Liaison Repre- sentative at each OCDM regional office. When a request from a State government for a supply of solid fuels is received and approved by an OCDM regional office, the Solid Fuels Liaison Representative will then con- tact the appropriate Solid Fuels Distribution Manager and arrange for shipment. The liaison representative will be available for consultation with other govern- ment officials and will represent Interior in the jurisdic- tion to which he is appointed. E. Local Emergency Solid Fuels Committees 1. Local Emergency Solid Fuels Committees will be established to assist and advise local gov- ernment authorities in determining the kind and quantity of solid fuels required during an emergency, and the sources from which such supplies are normally obtained. It is intended to form Local Emergency Solid Fuels Commit- tees for all localities which are considered likely to be targets of enemy attack² or to be adjacent to such targets. Such committees will also be created in other areas if specifically re- quested by the State government. Members of these committees must be familiar with the sale, ¹²Target categories are defined in Annex 1, Planning Basis. [42] Annex 33 D. State Governments Each State government will: 1. Comply with all orders, rules, regulations, and requests of Federal authorities. 2. Submit information on available stocks to the OCDM regional office. 3. Submit requirements for solid fuels to the OCDM regional office. 4. Insure allocation of available supplies to es- sential uses. 5. Pending institution of Federal rationing and conservation programs, issue orders for ration- ing and conservation of solid fuels and advise representatives of Interior and local govern- ments of the actions taken. E. Solid Fuels Liaison Representatives at OCDM Regional Offices Solid Fuels Liaison Representatives at OCDM re- gional offices will: a 1. Act as advisers to OCDM Regional Directors Dwight on all matters pertaining to solid fuels. THE L 2. Compile information received on stocks and re- quirements and report to Interior national headquarters. 3. In response to requests from State authorities for assistance in obtaining supplies of solid fuels, submit approved requirements to the ap- propriate Solid Fuels Distribution Manager for action. F. Solid Fuels Distribution Managers Solid Fuels Distribution Managers will: 1. Prepare estimates on available productive ca- pacity within their respective areas and advise [ 47 ] Annex 33 distribution, and use of solid fuels in the respec- tive areas in which the committees will serve. They will be selected and appointed in a manner prescribed by the government of the State in which they will serve. Although Interior will assist in the establishment of such committees, they will operate in emergencies as advisory groups serving local and State governments and not as parts of Interior's field organization for solid fuels. 2. Requests for solid fuels supplies originated by the local government will be routed, through channels established by agreement between each State government and Interior, to the OCDM regional office or, if the agreement be- tween a State government and Interior so pro- vides, directly to the appropriate Solid Fuels Distribution Manager. This latter provision is D. limited to situations where the requirement for Dwight solid fuels is to be met from sources within the THE STORE State in which the request originates. VI. Actions During Increased International Tension or in Limited War In a situation of increased international tension or in limited war the steps to be taken, as well as the extent to which the Department of the Interior's field representatives for solid fuels will become operational, will depend on the situation at the time the emergency is declared. Even under conditions not involving an attack on the United States, centralized Federal direc- tion and control of solid fuels resources may be neces- sary. During this period the actions taken by the [43] Annex 33 Federal Government would not directly affect or in- volve actions by State and local governments. Under such conditions accordingly, Interior, acting under OCDM policy direction and coordination, would take some or all of the following actions: A. Bring headquarters and field organizations to strength required to meet the degree of emergency. B. Make continuous studies of requirements for solid fuels and production capabilities. C. Control production of solid fuels and coal chem- icals and the distribution and use of solid fuels. D. Recommend to OCDM establishment of pro- grams for any needed increase in capacity for produc- tion, or in supplies, of solid fuels or coal chemicals. E. In connection with such programs, make rec- ommendations to OCDM with respect to applications for available financial aids and incentives. F. Submit to appropriate agencies requests for materials and equipment needed for the solid fuels industries. G. Allot to solid fuels industries materials and equipment allocated to solid fuels programs. H. Within the authority granted by the Federal agency responsible for the allocation of construction materials, issue authorizations to producers of solid fuels and coal chemicals for construction projects. I. Present to appropriate agencies claims for needed rail, highway, inland waterway, and ocean trans- port facilities and port facilities. J. Request assistance in obtaining or retaining manpower to carry out solid fuels programs. K. Recommend to the responsible agency that ad- justments be made in price, wage, or rationing controls [44] Annex 33 if such controls have been invoked and are adversely affecting the supply of solid fuels needed to meet requirements. L. In consultation with other interested agencies and in accordance with existing policies, establish and administer programs for the mobilization of solid fuels resources in support of the war effort of the United States and its allies. VII. Actions in General War In a general war situation with nuclear attack on the United States, the actions listed below will be taken. To the extent feasible, these actions, in the ini- tial postattack period, will be in accord with orders and directives previously issued by OCDM, including those providing priority guidance or relative urgencies of use, and those issued by the Department of the Inter- ior. When communications between successive levels of government are restored, actions at the lower level will be subject to modification or change by the next D. Eisenha higher level. 841 A. Producers of Solid Fuels Producers of solid fuels will: 1. Comply with the respective orders, directions, and requests of Federal, State, and local authorities. 2. Report production capabilities to the Solid Fuels Distribution Manager. 3. Submit to the Solid Fuels Distribution Manager, upon his request, requirements for materials and equipment needed for maintenance, repairs, and operations. [45] Annex 33 4. Comply with requests to prepare for shipment the maximum quantity obtainable of sizes of coal adaptable for use for civilian survival. 5. Use such facilities as are available to stockpile solid fuels to the maximum extent possible. B. Local Emergency Solid Fuels Committees Local emergency solid fuels committees will assist and advise local authorities in determining stocks avail- able, requirements, and sources of supply. C. Local Governments Each local government will: 1. Comply with all orders, rules, regulations, and requests of Federal and State authorities. 2. Submit information on available stocks to the appropriate State official. 3. Submit requirements for solid fuels to the ap- propriate State official. 4. Allocate to essential uses solid fuels supplies on hand prior to the attack or subsequently made available for redistribution. 5. In the postattack period prior to institution of Federal rationing or conservation, cooperate with the State government in carrying out State orders with respect to rationing or conservation of solid fuels and, if it is not feasible at State level to direct such rationing or conservation or if the locality is out of contact with the State government, issue orders with respect thereto at the local level. Such actions and orders should be consistent with predetermined na- tional policy with respect to essentiality of use. [46] Annex 33 D. State Governments Each State government will: 1. Comply with all orders, rules, regulations, and requests of Federal authorities. 2. Submit information on available stocks to the OCDM regional office. 3. Submit requirements for solid fuels to the OCDM regional office. 4. Insure allocation of available supplies to es- sential uses. 5. Pending institution of Federal rationing and conservation programs, issue orders for ration- ing and conservation of solid fuels and advise representatives of Interior and local govern- ments of the actions taken. E. Solid Fuels Liaison Representatives at OCDM Regional Offices Solid Fuels Liaison Representatives at OCDM re- gional offices will: - 1. Act as advisers to OCDM Regional Directors Dwight on all matters pertaining to solid fuels. THE FIGHT 2. Compile information received on stocks and re- quirements and report to Interior national headquarters. 3. In response to requests from State authorities for assistance in obtaining supplies of solid fuels, submit approved requirements to the ap- propriate Solid Fuels Distribution Manager for action. F. Solid Fuels Distribution Managers Solid Fuels Distribution Managers will: 1. Prepare estimates on available productive ca- pacity within their respective areas and advise [47] Annex 33 the Interior national headquarters and the ap- propriate OCDM regional offices of the supply situation. Estimates should make allowances for (a) availability of essential materials and services, such as manpower, transportation, and electric power; (b) losses due to bomb damage, including time required to repair damaged fa- cilities; and (c) losses due to radioactive fall- out, including time required for radioactive decay. 2. Direct operation of solid fuels production facili- ties to obtain supply of solid fuels sufficient to meet essential demands. If necessary to im- prove operations, machinery and supplies at one facility may be removed to a more favorably situated facility. 3. Assemble information from producers on equip- ment and materials required for maintenance, repairs, and operation; essential new construc- tion; and rehabilitation of damaged facilities. Submit findings to Interior national head- quarters. 4. Assist, as appropriate, in the transfer of man- power among solid fuels production facilities. 5. Request assistance from appropriate agencies in solving problems of communications, trans- portation, electric power, manpower, materials, equipment, and other resources needed. 6. Establish Solid Fuels Industry Advisory Committees representing all segments of the industry. 7. Direct shipments from sources of production in response to requests received through OCDM regions. Generally, these requests will be made [48] Annex 33 through the Regional Solid Fuels Liaison Rep- resentatives. However, when the solid fuels to be supplied are to be produced within the State in which the request originates and the solid fuels agreement between Interior and the par- ticular State SO provides, State and local au- thorities may make requests directly to the Solid Fuels Distribution Manager. 8. If all requests cannot be filled, analyze conflicts in demand as presented by such requests, make determinations of such conflicts as can be re- solved by application of priority guidance or relative urgencies theretofore supplied by OCDM national or regional offices, and make alloca- tions accordingly. Present to the OCDM re- gional office for decision those conflicts which cannot be resolved by application of such pri- D ority guidance or relative urgencies. Dwight 9. To meet urgent needs, reconsign and divert BUL shipments in transit. 10. Make available to State and local governments for disposition shipments of coal or coke in transit which cannot be delivered to the original consignee because of damage to transportation facilities. 11. If necessary to requisition or confiscate stocks in the hands of consumers to meet urgent needs, request the assistance of any Federal, State, or local government official with power to requi- sition or confiscate. 12. If solid fuels in railroad cars must be unloaded to free the equipment, try to unload in facilities [ 49 ] Annex 33 normally used by consumers or as close as prac- ticable to points considered important for civil- ian survival and industrial use. 13. Furnish information concerning available sup- plies in response to inquiries from civil authori- ties in connection with rationing programs which may be put into effect by such authorities. 14. If surplus labor is available for civil survival assistance, advise appropriate authority. G. Interior National Headquarters Interior national headquarters for solid fuels will: 1. Issue orders and regulations controlling the opening of new facilities, rehabilitation of dam- aged facilities, production of solid fuels and coal chemicals, and distribution and use of solid fuels. 2. Issue instructions on the use of requisitioning and confiscating powers. 3. Establish an Interagency Advisory Committee for Solid Fuels. 4. Establish Solid Fuels Industry Advisory Com- mittees representing all segments of the industry. 5. Estimate surviving capabilities for the produc- tion of solid fuels and coal chemicals, making allowance for bomb damage and fallout haz- ards and availability of essential services such as electric power, transportation, supplies, and manpower. Submit findings to OCDM. 6. Estimate immediate and future requirements for solid fuels to sustain the surviving popula- tion and industry. Report findings to OCDM. [50] Annex 33 7. Develop and recommend to OCDM programs to obtain any necessary increases in productive capacity to meet current and foreseeable requirements. 8. Make recommendations to OCDM with respect to financial aids and incentives needed to achieve programs approved by OCDM. 9. Submit to appropriate agencies requests for al- location of materials, equipment, and other re- sources needed for the solid fuels industries. 10. Allot to producers the materials and equipment allocated to the solid fuels program. 11. Within the authority granted by the Federal agency responsible for the allocation of construc- tion materials, issue construction authorizations to producers of solid fuels and coal chemicals. OUL 12. Present to appropriate agencies claims for needed rail, highway, inland waterway, and ocean transport facilities and port facilities. 13. Recommend to the Federal agency controlling transportation that car distribution rules be amended to permit maximum use of facilities producing most urgently needed solid fuels. 14. Request assistance in obtaining or retaining manpower to carry out the solid fuels program. 15. Subject to foreign policy guidance of the De- partment of State, establish and administer programs to assure supply of solid fuels for es- sential purposes to allies of the United States, from either foreign sources or sources within the United States, as feasible. [51] Part Four: Minerals I. Definition Minerals, for the purposes of this annex, are all raw materials of mineral origin (except petroleum, gas, solid fuels, and source materials as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended) obtained by mining and like operations and processed through certain stages, at certain types of facilities, as indicated below. The responsibilities and functions covered in this annex include those pertaining to exploration, develop- ment, mining and like operations, concentration, bene- ficiation, and certain other processing, such as smelting and refining." Such processes are required, in differ- ing combinations and degrees, to bring nonmetallic minerals to the stage where they are ready for use di- rectly in construction or for industrial consumer use, and to bring metallic minerals to the stage where they are ready to enter a series of processes leading to out- put of finished shapes and forms of metal. These stages mark the point at which the control authority of the Department of the Interior in an emergency would end and at which the commodities and subsequent produc- tion facilities would be subject to control by the Depart- ment of Commerce, which is responsible for production of manufactured goods.¹⁴ 13 Appendix 1 of Part Four of this annex will include the agreement between the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce specifying, for each of the numerous mineral commodities, the stages of processing and the types of facilities to which their respective civil defense and defense mobilization responsibilities pertain. ¹⁴See Annex 28, Management of Emergency Production. [ 52 ] Annex 33 II. Assumptions The initial demand for essential survival items after an attack would be reflected most immediately in demand for metal in finished shapes and forms, as dis- tinguished from mineral raw materials, for the manu- facture of consumer goods. Because of the existence of large stocks of minerals, any loss in mineral produc- tion or processing capacity would not be an immediate limiting factor in production of essential survival items. Sufficient recovery of the minerals industries and essential transportation facilities is expected to be ac- complished in time to furnish minerals to consuming plants as needed. In exceptional cases, special effort might be required to provide a mineral supply to a par- ticular plant whose output of finished material would be urgently needed during the survival period, soon after an attack. Generally, however, the need for pro- duction, processing, and delivery of minerals would come primarily after the survival period had passed- D. Elsenhown you SHA when industrial production is being progressively re- stored and reconstruction is under way. III. General Responsibilities The Federal Government has the responsibility for development and promulgation of plans to assure the availability of minerals in sufficient quantities to meet essential uses in periods of international tension and in limited or general war. Since minerals, excepting the few used directly in construction and repair (sand, gravel, and stone), would not be required for survival activities during the See Annex 1, Planning Basis. [ 53 ] Annex 33 immediate postattack period, the responsibilities as- signed to State and local governments with respect to mineral supply pertain only to those minerals used di- rectly in construction and repair. In addition, their planning should include preemergency arrangements with the managements in the minerals industries re- specting use of the industries' manpower and equip- ment for civil defense purposes in an immediate post- attack period and, also, provision of supporting services to facilities of those industries later when production would be needed. A. Federal Government 1. During periods of international tension or in limited war the Federal Government, through the Department of the Interior in consultation with industry, is responsible for continuously reviewing the supply and requirements situation in the field of minerals. Interior shall make rec- ommendations to OCDM, as need is indicated, for programs to assure an adequate supply of minerals to meet all essential requirements. OCDM-approved programs shall be implemented by its delegate agencies, including Interior, each as appropriate to the delegated functions it performs. State and local governments would not be involved in actions taken. 2. During general war the Federal Government is responsible for guidance, direction, and coordi- nation of the total effort to make available an adequate supply of minerals to meet all essen- tial needs. All determinations and directions with respect to the use and allocation of min- erals (except those noted in sections B and C [54] Annex 33 below), releases from Federal stockpiles, and the operations of mines and mineral-processing facilities are the responsibility of the Federal Government, unshared with State and local governments. B. State Governments Although minerals used directly in construction and repair (sand, gravel, and stone) are, like all other minerals, subject to allocation by the Federal Govern- ment, it is recognized that in the early period following a devastating attack States and their political subdi- visions might find it necessary to allocate such materials for emergency construction, including repairs immedi- ately required for human survival.¹⁶ If in such a period the supplies of these particular minerals are insufficient to meet needs for such emer- gency construction within a State and the competing a demands involve two or more localities, the State gov- Dwight ernment will allocate, for purposes of construction, the 941 supplies of these minerals within the State. In making such allocations, State governments will comply with OCDM's policy directives defining essentiality of use" and with any specific directions or orders of OCDM re- gional offices. State governments are responsible for cooperating with the Federal Government and supporting its policies and directives with respect to minerals. C. Local Governments In a postattack period local governments may al- locate locally available supplies of sand, gravel, and ¹⁶See Annex 28, Management of Emergency Production, for other Federal controls on construction materials. "See Annex 35, Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities, for statement on objectives to be accorded priority after attack. [55] Annex 33 stone for emergency construction, including repairs, immediately required for human survival. In making such allocations local governments will comply with OCDM policy directives defining essentiality of use and with any specific directions or orders of the State government. Local governments are responsible for cooperat- ing with the Federal Government and supporting its policies and directives with respect to minerals. D. Minerals Industries The minerals industries are responsible, within their capabilities, for providing their products for es- sential uses and for working in cooperation with Fed- eral, State, and local governments. The mining industry particularly has equipment and skilled manpower which would be very helpful to State and local governments in disaster services following an attack. These indus- tries will cooperate with State and local governments in developing plans for such use of equipment and manpower, which plans should provide for retention of enough to keep mines in safe and operable condition. IV. Organization A. General To carry out his civil defense and defense mobiliza- tion responsibilities with respect to minerals, the Sec- retary of the Interior has assigned mobilization plan- ning for minerals to the Office of Minerals Mobiliza- tion, a staff unit under the Assistant Secretary for Mineral Resources. A part of the staff of this office is the nucleus of the organization which would provide operational direction and control of the minerals in- dustries in an emergency. Persons currently engaged [56] Annex 33 in these industries have been enrolled as executive reservists to fill positions in this organization in event of an emergency. The Office of Minerals Mobilization, working under the policy direction and coordination of OCDM and in close cooperation with the minerals industries, is re- sponsible for the necessary planning to achieve maxi- mum readiness in periods of international tension and in limited or general war. B. Special Conditions of the Minerals Industries Mining and mineral-processing facilities in the United States are widely dispersed. For the most part, these facilities are located at a considerable distance from major industrial centers, although certain smelt- ers and refineries are in such centers. Excepting a few used directly in construction and repair, minerals are industrial raw materials rather 0. than consumer goods. Hence, in emergencies as well DIME as in normal times, mining and mineral processing BUL AMOUNT must be closely meshed with operations of industries consuming minerals. It is customary for mineral-processing and con- suming plants to maintain relatively large working stocks of mineral raw materials. For this reason, most of these could continue to operate without immediate replenishment of such stocks. In addition to these nor- mal stocks, there are very substantial quantities of strategic and critical materials in Federal stockpiles which have been accumulated for, and would be re- leased in, an emergency. The number and variety of minerals needed for this Nation's industrial production are indicated by the fact that in the national stockpile alone, acquired to meet objectives established under the Strategic and [ 57 ] Annex 33 Critical Materials Stock Piling Act, there are 53 metals and minerals. The inventories of nearly all of these commodities in this stockpile already equal or exceed the quantity deemed adequate for purposes of this country's common defense in time of national emer- gency. Additional quantities of a number of metals and minerals are available in other Federal inventories ac- quired under other acts. In addition to the mineral com- modities represented in these stockpiles, there are many essential minerals, such as iron ore, which are not stock- piled by the Federal Government. The various minerals, including both those which are stockpiled and those which are not, would have dif- fering degrees of essentiality and importance in a post- attack period. The relative need for each would depend upon the particular pattern of industrial production surviving, or to be restored, and the production and construction programs established. C. Field Organization In event of general war or other emergency call- ing for activation of an emergency field organization for minerals, Interior will have mineral liaison repre- sentation at each of the eight OCDM regional offices. The representatives will be predesignated personnel, some of whom are executive reservists, who will become Federal employees in an emergency, and some of whom are current, full-time employees of the Department of the Interior. V. Actions During Increased International Tension or in Limited War In a situation of increased international tension or in limited war the steps to be taken, as well as the [58] Annex 33 extent to which the Department of the Interior's re- gional representatives for minerals will become op- erational, will depend on the situation at the time the emergency is declared. Even under conditions not in- volving an attack on the United States, centralized Federal direction and control of minerals resources may be necessary. During this period the actions taken by the Federal Government would not directly affect or involve actions by State and local governments. Un- der such conditions accordingly, Interior, acting under OCDM policy direction and coordination, would take some or all of the following actions: A. Bring headquarters and regional organiza- tions to the strength required to meet the degree of emergency. B. Make continuous studies of requirements for minerals and supply capabilities, including production and stockpiles. D. Dwing C. Control production and processing of minerals, BUL including allocation of minerals in process. D. As research findings or market availabilities offer opportunities, recommend to OCDM special pro- grams by which completion of any unfilled stockpile objectives for strategic and critical minerals might be accelerated. E. With the Department of Commerce, advise OCDM and the General Services Administration, cus- todian of the national stockpiles of strategic and critical minerals, concerning changes in location of mineral- processing facilities or patterns of use of minerals which should be considered in the continuing program to minimize vulnerability of stockpile locations. [ 59 ] Annex 33 F. Recommend to OCDM establishment of pro- grams for increases in capacity of production or proc- essing facilities, or in output of existing facilities, to obtain needed quantities of any minerals for which new military requirements, coupled with essential civilian requirements, currently or in the foreseeable future would exceed available supplies, including those por- tions of stockpiles which can be prudently released. G. In connection with such programs, make rec- ommendations to OCDM with respect to applications for available financial aids and incentives. H. Submit to appropriate agencies requests for materials and equipment needed for the minerals industries. I. Allot to producers and processors of minerals the materials and equipment allocated to minerals programs. J. Within the authority granted by the Federal agency responsible for the allocation of construction materials, issue construction authorizations to produc- ers and processors of minerals. K. Present to appropriate agencies claims for needed rail, highway, inland waterway, and ocean trans- port facilities and port facilities. L. Request assistance in obtaining or retaining manpower to carry out minerals programs. M. Recommend to the responsible agency that adjustments be made in price, wage, or rationing con- trols if such controls have been invoked and are ad- versely affecting supply of minerals needed to meet requirements. N. Continue the domestic exploration program ad- ministered by the Office of Minerals Exploration, De- partment of the Interior, placing increasing emphasis [60] Annex 33 on the search for those strategic and critical minerals which may be in short supply. VI. Actions in General War18 A. State and Local Governments State and local governments will: 1. Call upon the minerals industries for manpower and equipment, if necessary, for immediate postattack disaster services in accordance with preemergency plans developed with manage- ments of minerals facilities, and in the case of States, with local governments in whose areas the facilities are located. (Sufficient manpower and equipment should be left at mines and plants to keep these facilities in safe and oper- able condition.) 2. Allocate locally available supplies of sand, STATES Dwight 0. gravel, and stone for emergency construction TUE and repair, subject to the conditions stated in Sections III.B and C above. 3. When manpower and equipment obtained from minerals facilities are no longer needed for disaster services, promptly return them to the facilities from which they were drawn. 4. Cooperate in providing supporting services to those minerals facilities whose production is de- termined by the Federal Government to be essential, either under policy directives issued by OCDM prior to attack or by virtue of Fed- eral orders issued after attack. ¹⁸See Annex 35, Emergency Administration of Essential Facilities. [61] Annex 33 5. Forward from or through the State government to the OCDM regional office such damage re- ports on minerals production and processing facilities as are required. B. Federal Government 1. The Department of the Interior regional liaison representatives for minerals will: a. Act as advisers to OCDM Regional Directors on all matters pertaining to minerals. b. Serve as liaison between OCDM regional of- fices and Interior national headquarters on all matters pertaining to minerals. c. As inquiries are received, advise State and local governments concerning sources of sand, gravel, and stone for emergency con- struction and repair and, also, concerning the availability of manpower and equipment at minerals facilities for disaster service operations. d. Compile damage reports on minerals facili- ties as received at OCDM regional offices from State governments, supplement as necessary through contacts with managements of min- erals facilities, and forward reports to In- terior national headquarters. e. Obtain from the General Services Adminis- tration, custodian of Federal stockpiles of minerals, spot reports as needed on the con- dition and accessibility of such stockpiles. Participate with representatives of the De- partment of Commerce in preparing recom- mendations to the OCDM Regional Director concerning releases of certain minerals and metals in such stockpiles which he should [62] Annex 33 authorize GSA to make in order to sustain operation of individual plants, within the purview of the Department of Commerce, which are capable of producing goods of the kind urgently needed during the survival period, soon after an attack. As to any min- erals in stockpiles requiring further proc- essing in facilities within Interior's purview, Interior's regional liaison representative for minerals will prepare recommendations to the OCDM Regional Director. f. Administer, within their respective regions, those exploration projects which were being carried on under the Office of Minerals Ex- ploration prior to the attack, curtailing op- erations as necessary to provide manpower and equipment for civil defense purposes. In the longer range postattack period, ad- D. minister exploration projects under a modi- fied program as may be directed by Interior SUJ national headquarters. 2. The Department of the Interior national head- quarters for minerals will: a. Upon request of the Federal agency control- ling railroad and inland waterway transpor- tation, advise concerning diversion or dispo- sition of shipments of minerals originally destined for facilities made inoperable by attack. b. In the case of minerals being carried by ocean freighters which have to be diverted by the Maritime Administration because of damage to the port of original destination, advise the Maritime Administration as to alternate [ 63 ] Annex 33 ports preferred for discharge of the cargoes. c. Assess damage to minerals facilities based on information received from minerals liai- son representatives in the field and data from OCDM national headquarters, and estimate surviving production capabilities, making allowance for fallout hazards and availability of essential supplies and services. Submit findings to OCDM. d. Direct spot shipments of minerals from mines and processing facilities to support immedi- ately essential production and construction, as requested by Federal claimant agencies and consistent with OCDM policy directives defining essentiality of use or in accordance with any specific directions or orders of OCDM. e. Obtain data on conditions of Federal stock- piles of minerals and on time-phased avail- ability of minerals from foreign sources, and compile estimates of total supplies available from domestic production, stockpiles, and foreign sources. Submit findings to OCDM. f. Assist OCDM in assembling from Federal claimant agencies data on requirements for minerals and in translating requirements for finished shapes and forms of metal into re- quirements for minerals needed for their production. Obtain from OCDM a determina- tion of essential requirements to be met. g. Submit to OCDM programs designed to in- crease supplies if necessary to meet require- ments for particular minerals. [64] Annex 33 h. Upon receipt of the OCDM-approved pro- grams, direct operations of minerals indus- tries to achieve the programs and serve as claimant for materials, equipment, and serv- ices which these industries would need to accomplish the programs. i. Where minerals in Federal stockpiles are needed to maintain essential production at minerals facilities within Interior's purview, recommend to OCDM that it direct GSA (or other agency having custody) to effect the necessary releases and deliveries from the stockpiles. j. Allot to producers and processors of minerals the materials and equipment allocated to the minerals programs. k. Allocate minerals in process and direct use of mines and mineral-processing facilities where necessary to attain most effective op- 0. eration of related surviving facilities. 1. Within the authority granted by the Federal PUL LIBITY agency responsible for the allocation of con- struction materials, issue construction author- izations for mines and mineral-processing facilities. m. In connection with necessary expansion and construction, make recommendations to OCDM with respect to financial aids and incentives. n. Present to appropriate agencies claims for needed rail, highway, inland waterway, and ocean transport facilities and port facilities. O. Request assistance in obtaining or retaining manpower to carry out minerals programs. [ 65 ] Annex 33 p. Modify the domestic exploration program of the Office of Minerals Exploration to meet needs for essential minerals exploration in the postattack period. q. As new or expanded uses of certain strategic and critical minerals develop, or problems of substitution of one mineral for another arise, arrange for any needed, urgent research programs to develop technology for produc- tion of materials meeting specifications. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : O-1960 [ 66 ]