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Navy - Estimates of Potential Military Strength - Documents D. Naval Attache Rome - Vol. II, August 18, 1939 - November 15, 1941
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Navy - Estimates of Potential Military Strength - Documents D. Naval Attache Rome - Vol. II, August 18, 1939 - November 15, 1941
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Documents D Rome vol. II
ESTIMATE
of
Potential Military Strength
Documents D
Naval Attaché
ROME
Volume 2
Documents Numbers 48 to 87
(18 Aug. 1939 - 15 Nov. 1941)
DECLASSIFIED
N.
ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
48
Forward BOTED emples and da this namber is - because of the limited personal la O.N. L and because of the urganry for
unionly disenteating Information - attachés, Them copies will be distributed by 0, N. L - per for or assording to subject natur.
From
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Date 18 August, 1939 Serial No. 236
File No.
(Comme are seriet
(felert proper her
each January fini)
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Source of information Press
12
10
Subject
(ITALX) POWERS
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
(Nation reported so)
(Indes Usle M per Inder sheet)
Reference
review, Indesing, and distribution of reports by o, N. 1. will be greatly expedited If a brief sugmary of the notrotal a entered la
this apace. Mention leading prographical, personal, or political same, and the givi of the report.)
NAV
MISCE ITES OF CURRENT INTEREST FROM THE ITALIAN PRESS
1. ITALIAN MERCHANT ship LAUNCHED. Messaggero, 13 August: The motorship
CALINO was launched yesterday at Monfalcone. It was built by the Cantieri
Riuniti dell'Adriatico for the Societa' Adristica and will be used oh the line
between Italy, Pireus, Rhodes and Alexandria.
2. BRITISH NAVAL MOVEMENTS. Giornale d'Italia, 13 August: A despatch
from Singapore states that 12 British units including submarines and destroyera
will arrive at that port on Wednesday for a visit of 15 days. The aircraft
carrier RAGIE and destroyer DEFENDER will arrive on Friday and will stay for
some weeks.
3. GERMAN SHIPS VISIT DENLARK. Messaggero, 13 August: A group of thits
of the German fleet has begun a series of official visits to Danish ports.
The flagship ONEISENAU has arrived at Ronne and six minelayers at Aarhuus,
Jutland.
4. NORWEGIAN AERONAUTICAL PURCHASES. Messaggero, 13 August: It is report-
ed from Oalo that the Norwegian Air Force has purchased Curtiss planes with
a speed of 500 kms. to a value of 3 million crowns from the United Ptates. It
is stated that Norway has obtained a license for the manufacture of this
type of plane.
Osservatore Romano, 17 August: A
report from Oslo states that a special commission under General Gulliksen,
Inspector General of the Norwegian Air Force, has left for Italy to purchase
Italian aeronautical material for a value of 2 million crowns.
5. REPATRIATION OF ITALIANS. Messaggero, 17 August: Forty Italian
families left Corsica yesterday for repatriation to Italy.
6. BADOGLIO RECEIVED BY DUCK. Messaggero, 18 August: The Duce received
Marshal of Italy Pietro Badoglio yesterday and conferred with him upon questions
of a military nature.
7. ITALIAN FORTIFICATIONS. Giornale d'Italia, 12 August: The Duce re-
ceived the following report on an inspection of the fortifications on the
Franco-Italian frontier from Marshal of Italy Rmilio De Bono:
"I have completed the inspections and visits which you ordered
me to make of the defenses on the western frontier, promeding as fast
as the season permitted ne to reach the various places. I began in
April with the Maritime Alps and had to wait until July and early
August to visit the Cozie and Graie Alps.
"From the reports I have submitted you will have formed an idea
of the state of the roads, fortifications and surrounding country and
of the troops detailed to garrison the fortifications.
"I feel it my duty, however, upon completion of By task, to assure
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ISSUED BY THE INTELL/GENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
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From
Date 18 August , 19 39 Serial No. 336
File No. 103-100
(Commence new series
(fisiect proper number
each January first)
trues o, N. I. Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported es)
(Indes title M per Indes sheet)
(Subtitle)
Reference
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this space. Mention leading geographical, personal, of political SADE, and the girl of the report.)
page 2.
you that everywhere work is being performed with the maximm
speed and energy in order to complete every last detail necessary
for the fullest efficiency of the defensive equipment and to render
the living conditions of the troops as comfortable as possible.
"Every pass is guarded; every possible road open to enemy
infiltration is supported by rear fortifications which are now
almost all in a condition to put up strong resistance.
"The fortifications are garrisoned by the Frontier Guard. I
have already minutely described in my reports the measures required
by this new Corps. I em glad, however, to repeat here that all the
officers and men of this Corps are fully conscious of their task
and the sacrifices it entails.
"To enter the fort entrusted to their bravery, patience and
constancy and not to leave it except in pursuit of an enemy - this
is their creed.
"In view of all this I feel able to affirm without boasting
that, with the aid which Providence has given us of the bulwark
of the Alps, our defensive system will never permit an enemy foot
to trample the sacred soil of our country."
8. SALZBURG MEETING. The Italian press of 14 August quotes the
following comminique from the German D.N.B.:
"Today's Italo-German conversations had the purpose of clearing
up questions held over from yesterday. The meeting was held in a
spirit of duty and under the right of consultation based on both
the friendship and the formal agreements existing between the two
countries. The two Ministers examined all political problems pre-
viously broached, finding the Italian and German policies to be in
complete agreement. They are fully and concordantly convinced that
these problems must and can be solved.
"It goes without saying that the problem of Danzig, which is now
one of the most urgent, was an important item. The democracies'
pacts of coalition provoke an ever-increasing stiffening of Poland's
attitude, by which Germany is severely stricken not only in her honor
but in the treatment of her co-nationals. The conversations have
resulted in 100% agreement. Not a single problem was left in suspense.
"As regards rumors circulating abroad according to which Count
Ciano's visit will be followed by other meetings, well-informed
German circles point out that the Salzburg conversations have dealt
exhaustively with all acute questions so that further conversations
do not appear necessary. Sami-official German circles stress the
extraordinary friendship and cordiality which have obtained at the
meeting of the two Ministers which, it is observed, documents in the
two Axis Powers not only a totalitarian friendship but also a totali-
tarian readiness."
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
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From
Date 18 August, 1039 Serial No. 336
File No. 103-100
(Commence DER series
(Salect proper sumber
each January first)
trues G. N. L Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported on)
(Indes title M per todes sheet)
(Rubtitle)
Reference
periew, indesing. and distribution of reports by o. N. 1. will be puly expedital If . brief submary of the contanta is entered is
this space. Mention leading geographical, personal, or political GAME, and the girl of the report.)
page 3.
9. "UNITY". The following article by Virginio Gayda is translated from
the Biornale d'Italia of 13 August:
"Complete agreement between Italy and Germany has been confirmed
at Salmburg at the cordial meeting between Count Ciano and von Ribbentrop.
"And since in France they are again hinting at uncertainty on
Italy's part, we once again state that there is and has been no Italian
hesitation or divergence in anything to do with the policy and possible
action of the Pact of Steel in Europe or outside it.
"It will be well if the warmongers of both hemispheres can be
fully persuaded of this fact. Nowadays illusions are dangerous. Each
government and party must assume full responsibility. For the full exer-
cise of this responsibility, complete information is necessary. This
information comprises knowledge of the intractable solidarity between
Italy and Germany in all problems connected withthe vital interests of
either of these nations or of Europe which it is hoped to solve peacefully,
and in war, if the warmongers and "encirclers" should succeed in starting
it.
"There is thus complete unity of viewpoint and action between Rome
and Berlin on the Banzig question, which is regarded as specially delicate
at the moment. The Salzburg meeting has merely confirmed everything that
was agreed at the Milan meeting of 7 May. The Danzig question will be
solved along the lines of its natural gravitation. In this inevitable
march of history Italy and Germany have no need to take any initiative.
They know that time will do all that is necessary. But nevertheless,
Germany cannot remain unmoved by the provocations and attacks on her
national rights and firm policy. The paot of steel is ever ready to
act with that automatic mechanism in which its strength lies.
"It should be remembered that the alliance signed at Berlin on
22 May is based on recognition of the intimate association of the interests
of the two powers which naturally leads to the intimate association of
their actions and risks. These interests comprise the general revision
of the peace treaties and the conditions they have created insofar as they
offend the elementary national rights and justice of distribution which
are irreconcilable with the principle of balance of forces and rights,
that is, true peace.
"Italy and Germany hope that the revision may be made with the
help of reason and generosity - by peaceful methods. They cannot avoid
noting however that the rest of Europe is working along exactly contrary
lines. It is only natural that they should bring their understanding
up to date and stand ready to face together any event that may arise.
"This has been done at Salzburg and Berchtesgaden. It is not
necessary to give advance information to the warmongers and maneuverers
of the other side as to the plans laid down."
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N.N.I.M
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
Forward MYSE copies (ortginal and de perbons): this number la DECREACY beneuse of the limited personal is O.N. 1. and because of the united for
quickly diseminating information from attachés. The copine will be distributed by o, N. L M per footacte or alsowbers, amounting to subject matter.
From
T
Date 18 August. 39 Serial No. 336
File No. 103-100
(Commance sew and
(Bainet proper sumber
each January Brail)
from o, N. 1. Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported ea)
(Inder title M per indes steet)
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this space. Mention leading geographical, personal, or political SAMM, and the girl of the report.)
page 4.
10. "THE LAST MARNING*. The following editorial by Giovanni Ansaldo is
translated from the 'Telegrafo' of 15 August:
"Wo must not let ourselves be illuded by these mid-August days
when everyone is vacationing in the mountains or by the sea. We must
not be illuded by the sight of all the fields and beaches of Murope full
of people in search of cool air and amusement. The European situation
is serious; beneath the apparent summer sommolence, it is one of the
most serious that has arisen since 1918; in faot we may say that it is as
serious as that of September 1938.
"This situation derives from the state of tension in relations
between Germany and Poland over the Danzig question. Let us look at this
question office more in its simplest reality.
"Danzig 18 a German city - fully and absolutely German, as even
the redactors of the Versailles Treaty were forced to admit in 1919, and
as even those who still hope to defend that treaty are forced to admit today.
"It was natural, and was foreseen by all reasonable persons, that
this ultra-German city ahould sooner or later free itself from the bonds
of the "Free City" constitution imposed at Versailles and seek to re-unite
itself to Germany; and it was natural, and always expected, that as soon
as her hands were free, Germany would re-take it.
"This reunion of Denzig to Germany appeared inevitable from the
first moment in which there arose the great people's movement in Germany.
"Under these circumstances it is obvious that if there had been
any real statesmen in the democracies, they would years ago have sought to
eliminate friction and facilitated the passage of Danzig to Germany. But
the contrary happened. Far from doing any such thing, the men in power in
the democracies have been working for a year to complicate the Danzig
question making it more acute and dangerous. After having recognized di
fatto the union of Austria to Germany, after having recognized the right
of union to the Sudetions, they have placed a veto on Danzig whose German
citizenship is as incontestible as that of Austria and the Sudstens and
have done 80 in the most offensive way for Sermany - inciting Polish
opposition and promising military support to Warsaw.
"Actually, these democratio stateamen have seen the Danzig
question as an opportunity to "revenge themselves" for Munich and to
make a clear stand in their policy of encircling Germany. From the moment
in which Chamberlain gave the famous "guarantees" to Poland and undertook
to go to her assistance whenever she felt it necessary, the Danzig question
ceased to be a purely national matter and became a banner for the mobiliza-
tion of all the anti-German and anti-Fascist forces.
"It is comprehensible that from that moment the German desire
to solve the Dansig question increased in direct proportion to the obstacles
raised, and what had been a réquest founded on German national sentiment
became a necessity for the prestige of the Regime and the honor of the
country.
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
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From
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Date 18 August # 19 39 Serial No. 356
File No. 103-100
(Commens new eerias
each January ano
(Relect proper -
Source of information
the d. N.L. Ind
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(Nation reported ea)
(lades title M per Index sheet)
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Barar review, Indexing, and distribution of reports by o. N. L will be greatly expedited If a brief summary of the contesta la estend to
page 5.
"It is not possible that a nation such as Germany should renounce
one of her most beautiful and important cities just because world anti-
Fascian encourages the Polish colonelato deny it to her. It is not possible
that it should continue to tolerate the blackmail of the encirclement
powers which deny her Danzig just to test her and ace if they cannot in-
flict upon her a first diplomatic defeat after 80 many victories; and no
special information is needed in order to realize that sooner or later
the German government will feel the moral necessity of acceeding to the
wish of the Danzig population and will annex Danzig to the Reich.
"Herein lies the gravity of the situation. If Germany should annex
Denzig and the Poles should brandish the blank check given then by Chember-
lain, and if the Frenchend English statemen should tender payment for
the check in the blood of their OVE countrymen and intervene, there will
be general war; not, it should be noted, for Danzig which becomes merely
an spisode, but because of the policy of encirclement against the Axis
Powers.
"There remain, perhaps, five minutes in which to avert this catas-
trophe. Let us read again the German commique on the Salzburg conversa-
tions. After affirming the absolute solidarity between the two Axis powers
and the complete agreement of German and Italian policy, the note says:
'The two Ministers, however, are convinced that these problems must and
can be solved.' No one in the democratic countries can imagine that this
is a merely conventional phrase; it shows that the two Ministers really
are convinced that there is still a chance of peaceful solution.
"It is now up to the other side to consider their responsibilities.
The Polish colonels who command at Warsaw will do well to meditate upon
the history of their country which is independent today not thanks to
the arms of the democracies but thanks to the blow dealt by Germany twenty-
five years ago at Tannenburg to the Empire of the Tears; they will do well
to remember that Pilsudski sided with the Central Powers in the European
war, not with Russia; finally, they will do well to weigh the tremendous
risks they are running in making their country into an instrument of the
anti-German coalition and imperilling it merely for the sake of stopping
a definitely German city from re-joining its mother country.
"The statesmen of the western democracies, on the other hand, should
consider carefully once again if it is advisable to unloose a storm whose
results may be imponderable but will in any case upset the organization
of the whole world - of which they are the greatest beneficiaries.
"The Salzburg meeting and the German note are the last warning to
all interested parties to accept the natural and just solution of the
Denzig question and give up the policy of encirclement. May they heed
this warning which is given them, eye to eye, for the last time."
11. "ROOSEVELT AND JAPAN". The following article is translated from
'Relazioni Internazionali' of 5 August:
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
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ATTACHE'S REPORT
Porward MYSE copies cortainal and als this number la benum of the limited personal la O.N.I. and benefits of the unders for
quickly diseminating information These reples will be distributed by 0, N. L - per or according to subject matter.
From
=
Date 18 August 1939 Serial No. 356
File No. 103-100
(Commence ser
(Salect proper suppler
each January first)
trues d. N.L Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported ea)
(lades title - per Index sheet)
(Rubilitie)
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(The review, indesing, and distribution of reports by 0. N. 1. will be greatly expedited If . telef summary of the montents la estend in
this apace. Mantion leading prographicsi, personal, or political - and the give of the report.)
page 6.
"The latest affirmation of American policy in eastern affairs,
prior to the denouncement of the treaty of comerce with Japan, was Cordell
Hull's statement of 19 June.
"In regard to the most serious episode in the Anglo-Nipponese rivalry
in China - the blockade of the Tientain concessions, the Washington govern-
ment took up a transparently ambiguous attitude. On one hand it accepted
the official Japanese theory that the attack on the concessions was an
exclusively Anglo-Japanese affair and that it did not interest the United
States, while on the other, it confirmed the principle of the United States'
right to intervene in Eastern affairs if the situation at Tientsin should
tend to become more than purely local, investing the rights and interests
guaranteed by the treaties relative to China. It was of course this second
part that Cordell Hull wanted to stress.
"Then suddenly, on 26 July, a note fra: the Secretary of State to
the Tokio Government denounced the treaty of commerce of 21 February 1911
which for twenty-eight years had formed the basis of active trade between
the two countries.
"No new event had occurred directly affecting relations between
the United States and Japan such as to persuade the White House to abandon
the attitude of 'watchful waiting' which it had 80 far maintained and which
was confirmed on 19 June. Certain unfortunate incidents involving American
citizens took place in China during July and certainly contributed towards
irritating public opinion and American official circles, but it would be
absurd to regard them as the cause of 80 sudden and symptomatic a change
from the policy of platonic protest to that of open menace. We can, there-
fore, only center our attention on the Anglo-Japanese agreement of 23 July.
"The Vague formula of this agreement was considered in America
as an effective recognition of Japanese belligerency and consequently of
the duty of neutrality incumbent on Great Britain - a neutrality which
was inadmissible in American eyes as being contrary to the obligations
assumed in the Nine Power Treaty. Apart from this consideration of doctrinal
nature, the Craigie-Arita agreement was regarded as the beginning of the
Japanese victory in the struggle against the democracies in China and a
heavy blow to foreign interests in that country - not only English but
American. In press comments upon the Anglo-Japanese formula there was
much criticiam of Great Britain's abandonment of the white race's positions
in the East; but at the same time it was observed that the United States
had done nothing to reinforce Great Britain's position in the unequal fight
for the defense of those positions.
*Such considerations on the causes and import of the Anglo-Japanese
agreement provide in themselves an explanation of the President's sudden
action. Roosevelt would not let slip an opportunity of indicating plainly
his tendency towards a positive policy of resistance to Japanese expansion
and of giving proof of solidarity between the two Anglo-Saxon countries.
But also, in view of domestic affairs, the President could not neglect a
chance of re-affirming, in the face of a Congress reluctant to follow his
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ATTACHE'S REPORT
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From
I
Date 18 August, 1939 Serial No.
356
File No. 103-100
(Common sev
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person -
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trues 0. Inder
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page 7.
lead, the prerogatives of the executive in the field of foreign policy, 08-
tablishing to some extent, by a not unpopular act, the balance which had been
upset by Congress' refusal to approve the modification of the neutrality act
during this session as desired by the Government and a large section of
public opinion.
"There is no doubt that public opinion has been growing increasingly
favorable towards a positive policy of resistance to Japan and that in
isolationist circles American intervention in the East is regarded, to some
extent, with less suspicion and fear than direct interference in the European
situation. This is shown by the proposal made about a month ago by Senator
Vanderberg, a noted isolationist, in regard to the denouncement of the trade
treaty with Japan. Although the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission decided
on 26 July to postpons discussion of the Vanderberg project, it was an elo-
quent indication of the country's dtate of mind. And in fact the pure and
simple denouncement of the treaty, in spite of the brutality of the form which
is without precedent in the history of the United States, was generally
approved.
"For the moment the effect of the American move is purely psychologi-
cal. Commenting thereon, the Secretary of State said that the practical
consequences will depend essentially upon the events of the coming 6 months,
that is on the attitude of the Japenese government towards American interests
in China. It is premature to antitipate the measures that may be adopted or
proposed by the government to the new Congress at the beginning of 1940,
especially since it is not yet possible to estimate the attitude of American
mercantile circles towards measures which, while striking at Japan's war
efficiency, would greatly disturb trade relations between the two countries.
"The type of measure that the government will attempt to impose is
fairly evident. The imposition of special customs tariffs upon, goods which
enjoy export premiums; the suspension of purchase of gold and silver in Japan;
the increase of custems taxes on imports of raw or mandfactured silk which
is one of the most important items in American-Japanese trade; the applica-
tion of an embargo on exports to Japan of war materials, which is already the
subject of a proposal by Senator Pittman - all these are steps which would
increase the economic difficulties of Japan end weaken her chances of carrying
on the war in China to a fully victorious conclusion.
"In 1938 Japanese imports from the United States amounted to 915
million yon, equal to about one half of the imports outside the blocked yen.
In this figure, war materials (oil, scrap iron, steel, copper, cast iron,
machinery, etc.) represented about 60% of the total. Exports to the United
States amounted in the seme year to 425 million yen, in which silk and cotton
products were preponderant. In 1937 and 1938 America purchased gold and
silver in Japan to a total of 415,209,650 and 4,202,856 dollars respectively.
"It is therefore easy to realize that a simultaneous restriction of
imports and American exports from and to Japan may greatly affect the Japanese
trade situation, reducing both her available foreign currency and her supplies
of raw material required for military operations and for commercial export to
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
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ATTACHE'S REPORT
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Date
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356
103-100
From
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- series
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Subject
(Nation reported en)
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page 8.
other countries. All this is of course theoretical. We do not yet know if
the American industrialists and farmers will be willing to tolerate a large-
scale dialocation of the Japanese export trade. And on the other hand, Japan
does not lack possibilities of compensating the drop in supplies from America
by purchasing elsewhere.
"The new trade treaty between Germany and Japan of 28 July is not ?
only a proof of the effective solidarity between the Powers of the anti-Communist
front, but also an example of the possibilities of maneuver that Japen has
towards reducing the effect of the American action. The latter would un-
doubtedly be extremely serious if Great Britain should decide to follow the
example of her sister democracy. But apart from the various objections to
the denouncement of the 1911 Anglo-Japanese trade agreement, there can no
longer be a simultaneous action in this regard by both the powers and conse-
quently no simultaneous results - both because it is unlikely that the British
government would take a decision during the parliamentary vacations, and because
the Anglo-Japanese treaty contemplates 12 months advance notice of denounce-
ment. Thus before Japan's commercial relations with her two major clients
and suppliers can become effectively damaged, the international situation
may be 80 modified as to render an actively anti-Japanese policy useless or
impracticable to the United States and Great Britain."
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PRESS
CONTACTS
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10
Subject
ITALY
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS a CURRENT EVENTS
(Haties superted ea)
Onles title - per judes -
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CURRENT EVENTS AND COMMENT.
Contmung Paye 5.
1972
1973°
SEPTEMBER - 7 SEPTEMBER, 1950.
MAY
21
1. ATTITUDE OF ITALIAN PRESS:
The Italian prose during the past week has refrained from publishing my
anti-British or anti-French editorials or comments. However, hoadlines and
remarks have been playing up German advances in Foland and stressing the loss
of British planes in action. This is to be expected inammoh as prestically
all news services serving Italian newspapers LV German and all German bulletins
are stated as facts. Many times during the week the papers have played up the
part that n Duce played, or attempted to play, in preserving peace
The supposed Italian Government Spokesman, Gayda, has written only one arti-
ale this week in which he attempted to clarify Italy's position. It was very
week, morely stressing the initiative of Musselini in attempting to prevent
war. Be States Italy has a clear National conscience, that she will remain
present and vigilent for the protection of all Italian interests and in order
to insure that the course of events shall follow the direction necessary for
establishing and hastening true peace with justice in Europe.
2. LACK OF WAR ENTHOSIASM:
In several instances it has been noticed that units of troops marching
through Home to the railway station, believed to be enroute to Libya, appeared
sullen and downoast and were given no demonstrations or ovations by the civil
population. Also when the news was received of the outbreak of hostilities
the civil population in Rome accepted the news without enthusiasm and appeared
to be surprised and fearful of the consequencesfor Italy.
Italians contacted are divided in opinion as to whether or not Italy will
be drawn into the war.
It is rumored that 350 Hleckshirts residing at Casale Monferrato were re-
cently given orders to report for duty. It is stated that only 20 reported,
the remainder being arrested by the military police and lodged in jail.
3. PRECAUTIONS MAINST INTERNAL DISORDERS:
It has been reported from a reliable authority that several days ago
members of the Fascist Malitia placed small stocks of machinegun ammunition
in several houses commanding the streets leading to the Villa Torlonia, the
residence of Il Duce, apparently in preparation to protect that residence in
case of internal disorders or revolution.
4. COMMENTS BY AMERICAN CONSULS - PALEMO and NAPLES:
Palermo - 25 August.
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PAGE TWO
OHL
letters
May. % 1072
MAY 21 1973
SLR
It is remored that all the defences of the island are fully maned. About
ten war vessels are at present in the harbor of Palemo. I.m unable to 6.00 07-
tain the names of the vessels, but they comprise the Fourth Navel Division under
the command of S.A.R. Aimone di Savoia, Duca 41 Spoleto. Airplanes are continu-
oualy seen flying over the waterfront and some distance out to sea. A flotills
of submarizes is said to be stationed at Trapani. Last Sunday, in driving to
Mondello, a senside resort, I noticed a number of constructions, twenty or thirt
each covered with white sheeting, at the base of Monte Pallegrino which I presus
are enti-aircraft guns mounted for protection of the oil reservoire in the vici-
nity.
Naples 30 august, 1959.
There have been no developments peculiar to Naples within the last week,
except the concentration here of most of the important ships of the Italian
Merchant Marine. & list of the ships now in the harbor is appended.
It is reported that the furniture is being removed from some of the passen-
ger ships, presumably to prepare them for use as hospital or troop ships. There
was also an unconfirmed report that troops were to sail from here last night for
Libya and Albania. This rumor is of doubtful value.
There is also a common story to the effect that the bay of Neples is closed
at night with chain booms. Some story mongers say mines, but that is hardly
considered credible at this time.
SHIP CLEARANCES:
LOMBARDIA
SHIPS IN PORT:
CONTE DI SAVOIA
FIRENEE
VULCANIA (Maroute from N.Y.)
OCEANIA
GRADISCA
SATURNIA
CALIFORNIA
ADGUSTUS
REX
EXPERIA
4 CRUISERS
PASSOLI
8 DESTROYERS
BELVEDERE
2 TORPEDOBQ,TB
5 SUBMARINES.
RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF PRIVATE AUTOMOBILES:
Commencing at Midhight, September 3rd, the use of all private vehicles
has been prohibited. Diplomatic Corps cars are exempted and it is understood
that career consuls will be issued permits for the use of their cars.
2
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ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
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From
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Date 7 Sept.
. 1939 Serial No. 357
File No.
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(Select proper emailer
I 1
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- d. Indian(s)
Subject
(Nation reported ea)
(lades title - per Inder sheet)
Reference
this space. Mention leading geographical, personal, or political - and the give of the report.)
Bur-(The review, Indesing, and distribution of reports by o. N. L will be greatly expedited If & belef - of the sostents to entered in
BECLASSIFIED
11352 due 3(2) and DD) or (60)
PAGE THE
OD latter, May. 1, 1972
SLB
Date MAY 21 1973
By
Since this order went into effect a rumor has been heard that the restric-
tions on the use of automobiles will probably be lifted in a few days but that
gasoline will be rationed.
RESTRICTION or PURCHASE OF COFFEE AND SUGAR BY DIPLOMATE:
On September 3rd the Foreign Office notified the that each
Diplomatic Officer's family will be permitted to purchase , kilos of coffee
and 15 kilos of sugar monthly. This order will govern until November 1st,
after which time it will be necessary for each Embassy to import these supplies.
ANTI-AIR RAID EXERCISES:
Anti-Air Raid exercises were conducted in Rome on the nights of August
31st, September let and September 2nd. Only blue globes were used in all
street lights and headlights of automobiles were required to be covered with
colored material. Since September 2nd, blue globes in most cases have been
replaced by the normal light globes and an order was posted that the exer-
cises would be discontinued after the night of September 2nd.
PURCHASE OF MEATH:
A decree was issued that commencing Monday, 4 September, meat cannot be
purchased on Thursdays and Fridays.
OPERATION OF ITALIAN LINE STEAMSHIPS:
It was officially stated on September 4th that the CONTE DI SAVOIA end
REX have been, or are in the process of being, converted into troop transports.
However, it is now reliably reported that the REX will sail on September 8th
and the regular schedule will be taken up after that. At first it was stated
that the REI would sail on the 5th. However, this delay was probably caused
by necessary re-conversion from a troop-ship.
ITALIAN TROOP MOVEMBER :
It has been fairly reliably reported that about 20,000 troops recently
left Bari and Brindisi, most probably for Libya. It is estimated that the
present number of troops in Libya is between 125,000 and 150,000.
in Italian infantry N.C.O. attached to a Rome Regiment last night stated
to a reliable contact that he is now attached to a Rome military hospital
having contracted an illness. while on the way to Libya. Be stated that one-
half of his organisation was sent to Libya and the other half to Sardinia.
It is thought that possibly the sending of troops to Sardinia, if true,
might be for a bargaining point when the French and Italians start conversations.
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ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
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From
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Date
7
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39
Serial
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357
File No.
(Commence see aries
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- d. N. Indes)
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RECLASSIFIED
R
11651 Bec. 3(5) and 4(0) of @
PAGE FOUR
AL
OSD letter, May, 4, 1079
SLB
Date
MAY
21/19/3
APPREHENSION IN YUGOSLAVIA:
A report received from Yugoslavia states that Yugoslavia is becoming
alarmed over possible trouble from Hungary, and is mobilizing 400,000 men.
ITALY'S POSITION:
It is reliably reported that Ciano stated that Italy would not make
any additional announcements regarding neutrality. The statement of the
Council's position published at the time of commencement of hostilities
between Germany and Poland still holds. Ciano stated that all Italy wants
is to be let alone.
A rumor received from Italian sources says that the King was reported
to have made the statement in his household that he would abdicate before
he would sign a declaration of war. Later it was rumored that the Prince
of Piedmont (crown prince) told Il Duce that the King and the Italian people
did not want to go to war.
CONVERSATION WITH BRITISH NAVAL ATTACHE:
The following was obtained from a conversation with the British Naval
Attache on September 4th:
12 British planes had bombed Kiel resulting in one direct hit on a
German Battleship (thought to be 2,000 pound bomb). 5 English planes were
shot down by A.A. and fighting planes. The weather was bad apparently - low
ceiling which necessitated the British planes coming below the clouds.
He had the idea that England might try to get command of the Baltic.
However, he stressed the point that he did not know any of her plans.
He thought the bombing of Kiel was part of this plan, otherwise he could
see no particular reason to have bombed it.
If Germany had the idea that if they limited their attacks England
might do the same, he said this was a mistake. Now that a state of war
exists England will carry on offensively, doing every possible act to
gain her military objectives.
He thought the German Naval Attache's explanation of the sinking of
the Athenia was probably true. If it was torpedoed by a submarine it was
evidently a mistake by the Commanding Officer, probably inexperienced.
He said he would hate to be in this commanding officer's shoes when he
gets back to Germany.
He inquired if we had any information about the capture of the Bromen.
He said that he had no confirmation of it.
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
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From
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Date Sept. 1939 Serial No. 357
File No.
(Commence new series
(Balect proper sumber
sech January find)
from o. N. L. Index)
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BECLASSING
R. 0.01652 See 2(E) and MD) of (1)
PAGE FIVE
osn letter. May, L 1072
MAY
21
19/3
By
SLR
Date
A reconnaissance flight was made by the British recently over German
territory and 6 million leaflets were dropped.
He thought that it was probable that the Germans would retaliate for the
Kiel bombing by bombing Chatham. There are military objectives in Chathem,
but if it were bombed undoubtedly some of the bombs would go astray and
kill many civilians. He hoped if this were the case that a protest would
not be made.
He thought that the item intercepted this morning reporting a naval
engagement between German and British vessels and planes in which several
ships on both sides were heavily damaged and several planes shot down was
most improbable.
He thought that Russia could not give Germany many supplies primarily
due to the condition of Russian railroads. He thought that the war would
not last long. Upon being questioned 68 to whether this would be due to
internal trouble in Germany, he was rather vague in his reply.
TRANSFER OF ITALIAN NAVAL ACADEMY:
It is reliably reported that the Italian Naval Academy at Livorno was
moved to Bologna during the week ending September 2nd.
EVACUATION OF PEASANTS IN SARDINIA:
From two sources it has been reported that peasants in Sardinia are
being evacuated. It is said that they are very engry as they are required
to leave with crops still in their fields.
From a more authentic source it is stated that the evacuation consists
of moving all grain, foodstuffs and cattle to the plateau in the center of
the island (about 6,000 feet elevation). The peasants, as yet, have not
been required to move but they are permitted to accompany their flocks if
they wish. All crops, with the exception of the corn, have been harvested.
Schools in the vicinity of the northern coast have been moved further in-
land. It is estimated that Italian troops in Northern Sardinia number about
25,000.
ADDITIONAL ITALIAN WAR MEASURES:
The sale of coffee in bulk or as a beverage is prohibited. Not more than
7 ounces of sugar may be sold to any one person at a time.
Restaurants are not permitted to serve more than one plate of meat
or fish to one person at a meal.
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From
T
Date , Sept, , 1939 Serial No. 357
File No.
(Comments - aries
(Selart proper -
each Junuary and
trues O. N. L Ind
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported ea)
(Inder title M per index sheet)
(Publitie)
Reference
Bacar- (The review, Indesting. and distribution of reporta by o. N. 1. will be greatly aspedited If . brief summary of the motests is entered I
this space. Mention leading geographical, personal, or political and the glat of the report.)
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE SIX
Civil airplanes cannot fly over Italian territory, including Italian
Africa and the Dodekanese. This restriction does not apply to regular
air lines.
All places of amusement must close at 11:00 p.m.
On 30 August the papers published notices inviting all those who could
do. so with their own means and especially the old and women and children
to move from large cities in Lombardy, Liguria, Tusdany, Lazio, Campania,
Sicily and Sardinia, to small centers in the country. It is not believed
that any large portion of the civil population will move unless ordered to
do so by the Government under definite arrangements, which apparently have
not yet been made.
A notice in the press states that Italy has sufficient stocks of wheat
and wheat products, rice and sugar, to meet her needs.
Other than the above no specific precautions with regard to protection
of civil population have been taken to date.
No A.A. shelters are being dug in Rome.
No steps have yet been taken to close museums and protect works of art,
and very few gas masks are being Bought by the civil population, although
they are on sale in fairly adequate quantities.
A decree has been issued prohibiting the installation of plants operating
exclusively by liquid fuel combustion.
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT A-6-6/15288-C
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quickly information These expies will be distributed by o, N. L - per or amording to mobject matter,
From
T
Date 7 Sept.
1939
,
Serial
No.
359
File No. 802-100
(Compans are and
(Belect proper sumber
such January
1
Index)
Source of information
MILITARY ATTACHE, HOME.
Subject ITALY ARMY PERSONNEL STRENGTH
(Nation reported ea)
(lader title - per Index sheet)
Reference
50
have (The review, Indexing, and distribution of reports by o. N. L will be greatly expedited If . betwer number # the entered in
this space. Mention leading personal, or political - and the girl of the report.)
DECLASSIFIED
ITALIAN MILITARY FORCES
E. C. 11602 See. S(E) and MD) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SER
MAY
21
1975
-
1. The estimate of Italian Military Forces as of 25 August, 1939, obtained
from the Military Attache and contained in Paragraph 2, is forwarded as a matter
of interest:
2. The following figures include classes 1901, 1902, 1910, 1912, 1917,
1918, lat quarter 1919 and specialists of various classes:
METHOPOLITAN ARMY
Italy
1,250,000
Albania
100,000
Libya
80,000
East Africa
10,000
Dodekanese
20,000
1,460,000
1,460,000
ADDITIONAL FORCES
A.A. and Coast Defense Militia
80,000
Albania - Blackshirt Militia
4,000
- Native troops
10,000
Libya
- Blackshirt Militia
5,000
- Native Troops
20,000
East Africa - Special troops
20,000
- Blackshirt Militia
15,000
- Native Troops
43,000
Dodekanese - Blackshirt Militia
3,000
200,000
200,000
1,660,000
COMMENT:
The Official Bulletin of August 25th states that classes 1903 and 1913
plus 3 battalions of Blackshirts containing 25,000 men have been called to
report September 3rd. It 18 further stated that on this date there will be
six complete classes under arms. It is the intention to furlough classes
1901 and 1912.
Classes 1903 and 1913 contain a total of 460,000.
Classes 1901 and 1912 contain 8 total of 338,000.
3. The addition of the classes of 1903 and 1913 and the fur-
lough of the classes of 1901 and 1912 will bring the metropolitan
army up to a total of (1,460,000 + 460,000 - 338,000)
1,582,000
The 3 battalions of Blackshirts added to the additional
forces make 8 total of (200,000 25,000)
225,000
Grand total 1,807,000
4. Since 25 August additions have been made to the Italian forces in
Libya bringing the total in Libya up to between 125,000 and 150,000 (There are
about 250,000 French Troops in Tunis, including native troops). It is pro-
bable that the forces in the Dodekanese and in Albania have been strengthened.
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From
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Date
10
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19.39
Serial
No.
365
File
No.
103
- - -
1
- Junuary -
Source of information CONTACT
ITALY-POL. FORCES-POLICY-FORMIGN. ITLLY-M.VY-SULICY-STRATECIC
Subject
-INT. RELATIONS. ITELY-POL. FORCES-POLITICAL PARTIES.
(Nather reported es)
Class - - - - -
(Indred)
Reference
LIGENCE
Bur review, indexing, and distribution of reporte by vill to estand in
dele que. Mention leading prographied, personal, - policies - - the del
Nigmal FSX
CONVERSATION WITH BRITISH NAVAL ATTACHE, 8 SEPT. 1939.
51
ITALIAN POLITICAL POSITION; ITALIAN CONVOTS; GERMAN SUBMaRINES NOT TO USE
ITALIAN PORTS.
Entire Report
1. The Naval Attache called on the British Naval Attache on the afternoon
of 8 September to see if there was any late news of war operations and also to
find out if there had been any change in the feeling of the British regarding
the present semi-neutral attitude of Italy.
2. The British Noval Attache said that he had no nows of the war and were
getting very little from London except what came over the radio. He hoped
that the new Ministry of Information would soon start to keep the Embassy
better informed.
3. In reply to a question he said that there had been no recent change
in the attitude of the Italian Government; that the British were confident
that as long as the King, Mussolini and Ciano were in power Italy would not
go with Germany; that this policy might chenge if these three were over-
thrown and power got into the hands of the pro-German element, such as Starace,
Alfieri and Farinacci; that he thought Italy right now might join England and
France for e consideration but that the temper of his own Government was not
to give but to demand; that his government had done everything possible in
the way of appeasement to keep out of the war but having gotten into it would
see it through. When his attention was called to the fact that Italy seemed
to be going ahoad with war preparations, the British Naval Attache replied
"Not against us". When surprise was expressed at the fact that the British
and French had not demanded that the Italian troops be removed from the French
border as E gesture of good faith, the British Naval Atteche stated that such
e deciend might emberress Mussolini and upset the present good relations.
Date MAY we
4. The British Naval Attache said that the friendly attitude of the
Italian Navy toward England wes clearly demonstrated in conversations he had
at the Ministero yesterday, 7 September. He went to the Ministero to make
E. o. 1160% Sec. and can or (1)
Mas. 1,1972
some arrangements regarding operations in the Mediterremess (which he inad-
vertently told no and then said they were secret and requested ne not to
discuss them or to report them to the Department) and had been met more
than half way in all of his suggestions. He first went to the office of
Ammiraglio Parona, Chief of Cabinet, who took him to see Amiraglio Cavagnari
who sent for Ammiraglio Somigli. All three were very friendly and he talked
such
to them individually and collectively for nearly two hours.
une &
5. Ammiraglio Somigli said that the troops which had been sent to Libya
recently had been sent in convoys, to avoid visit and search by such British
men-of-war as might be sighted. The troops embarked at Brindisi, Bari and
Naples and the transports assembled at Messina. From there they were escor-
ted by two destroyers to Tripoli, Bengasi or Tobruk. In order to keep well
clear of the Greek coest and to avoid giving alarm to that country the con-
voys going to Tobruk first took a course for Bengasi and then followed the
African coast around to Tobruk. Ammiraglio Somigli said that some of these
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. - - - -
-
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
Purward BITED exples and als earbogs): this sumber la - because of the limited personal is 0. N. L and benome of the urganing for
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From
T
Date 10 Sept. 1939 Serial No. 365
File No.
(Commer - series
(Belect proper -
sarb lanuary first)
from o, N.I. Indih)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported en)
(Inder title - per Inder sheet)
(Subtitle)
Reference
review, indesing, and distribution of reports by 0. N. 1. will be grantly expedited If . brief summary of the consente is entered in
this spare. Mention leading prographical, personal, or political - and the glas of the report.)
PAGE TWO
troops wore replacements but others were to increase the forces in Libya.
He did not say anything about the number of troops transported. The British
Naval Attache was under the impression that no troops had been sent recently
to Albania or the Dodekanese.
6. Ammiraglio Parone said that he thought Hitler did not want to fight
England and France end that when Poland had been crushed Hitler would try
to make peace with those two countries. He asked what England would do in
that case. The British Neval Attache asked Parone what be would do if he
were in England' place and the latter replied that there was only one thing
to do and that was to continue the war until Hitler was defeated.
7. Ammiraglio Parona asked if there would be any German submarines in
the Mediterranean and the British Naval Attache asked Parona what he would
do in Germany's place, adding that it was most probable that German subme-
rines would try to attack the British Mediterranean Fleet. Parona said it
was & long way to come. The British Naval Attache agreed and said that the
German submarines were not very large, that they would have difficulty
getting through the English Channel and would have to go north around
Scotland, and that in the Mediterranean they would be e long was from their
bases. Ammiraglio Parona leaned forward in his chair and said "And by god
they cannot use Italian Ports".
DECLASSFIED
E. O, 11652, See, 1(1) and 5(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY y/3
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
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103-100 - 102-100
From
T
Date 21 Sept. 1939 Serial No. 330
(Commers - enries
I 1 Direct
-
Source of information CONTACT
- d, Index)
ITALY POL. FORCES INTER. RELATIONS - BRITAIN
Subject ITALY
POLICY FORKIGN/ JOY TRADE
(Nation reported ea)
Clades Mile M per Index sheet)
Reference
this space. Mention lending prographies), personal, or policies - and the glat of the repart.)
review, Indestry, and distribution of reports by 0. N. 1. will be greatly expeditad If . brief numbery / to entered in
NAVAL mintelligence Da OF
Sec. 3(8) and B(D) of (E)
CONVERSATION WITH BRITISH NAVAL ATTACHE
ID letter, May, 1972
Opiginaltsis
Data MAY
1925 Extra lift
1. The British Naval Attache, Coptain Bowyer-Smyth, called today merely
52
to discuss current events. He had no special news of the war but is receiving
from London the daily intelligence sheets describing the latest war develop-
ments and has seld that he would let ze know when they contained anything of
particular interest.
2. BRITISH-ITALIAN RELATIONS:
He seld that British noval, politicel and commercial relations with
Italy are excellent. The Italian nuthorities go out of their way to comply
with British suggestions and requests. When asked about the attitude of the
Vinistry of War he seld that there was not much controt there. When it was
suggested that an excuse for contact could elways be handfactured, he smiled
and said that ectually the Military Attoche preferred not to have close contact
because be did not want to 10 cross-exemined about British military effairs.
3. REINFORCENTS I: LIBYA:
When asked if reinforcements are still being sant to Libya he said
that they are going there in large numbers and that the number of Italian
troops in Libya has reached "astrono ical" proportions. When esked the roa-
son for this he sold that the British govermment would like very much to know
the reason. (A few days 250 the British Military Attache told the American
Militory Attéche that he had nsked Ms Mar Office for permission to make
direct inquiry regarding the troop novements to Litya. Evidently this was
not approved.).
advanced
4. CONTROL 0.00 NEUTRAL SHIPPING:
last visit and soarch and that everything possible is toing done to make the block-
He said that Italian passenger steamers are not being stopped for
sit
ade requirements ensy for Italy. In the Bostern Mediterranesn Heifa is the
Not
control port 124 all neutral shipping is being invited to stop there. In
order to gave time -nd fuel, Italy Les naked that a control station be estab-
lished at Port Suder. and this >111 probably be done. Also, control inspections
of Italian shipping will be made by oither the French or Pritish but not by
both belligoronts.
5. BRITISH-ITALIAN TRADE:
Zien told that we And hoard 6 remor that Creat Tritain had ordered
500 marine engines from Caproni-Isctin- Proschini of Wilso, he said that was
close to the actual Chote. To coid that Italy 0% immufacture many things
that England needs and that orders at the procent tico 27% boing placed through
agents rather than openly. "Te sold that Certify now UNDOS Itely " large of
money, probably 3 or 10 million pounds sterling, and Italy in not postions to
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N.1.1.M
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
Pervand BITED espies and als ourbers): this sumber is Decembry because of the limited personal in 0. N. L - because of the upon for
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From
T
Date at Sept. 1939 Serial No. 380
File No.
(Commers BPY are
(Reient poper Hole
each January first)
he o, X. Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported on)
(Inder title M per indes sheet)
Reference
review, indexing, and distribution of regorts by o. N. 1. will be greatly expedited If . brief numbery of the motesta is entered in
this apain. Mentive leading geographical, personal, or political MDM, and the gives of the report.)
BECLASSFED
& 0. 11/5/2. Set. 2(E) and (D) a
PAGE TWO
OSD letter, May,
MAT 21 we
Or SLR
Date
do more business with Certicity until payments are forthcoming.
6. TRANSFER. OF GER MERCHALT SHIPS:
A few days ago the British Noval Atteche, in discussing the possible
transfer to Itely of Cert on merchantmen now in Italian ports, said that this
would be illegal and that Amiraglio Somi_11 had agreed with this view. Today
he said that now that Italy is doing business with the Allies, the ships might
be transferred to Italian registry. The Allies would then have the right to
seize them but would not do so na long no they were being used in the service
of the Allies.
7. LOSS OF COURAGEOUS:
He said that about two weeks ago the COURACEOUS and HERES were
assigned stations off the approach to the English channel to keep submerines
down. They had been quite successful, having sunk three or four submarines.
At the time the COURAGEOUS was torpedoed she was accompaniod by only*two de-
stroyers. He had no further details of the sinking. His opinion is that
to date the German submarine warfare has been "clean"; that is, it has been
conducted in accordance with international law, except in the case of the
ATHENIA in which case he believes that the submarine Commander did not
carry out his orders.
8. GERMAN AIR FORCE IN POLAND:
Be said that all German planes available had gone into Poland early
on 1 September with orders to concentrato on airdromes and aircraft factories.
The Polish air force had been caught on the ground, a lerge proportion of the
fighters were destroyed, airdromes and factories wrecked. On the second day
the German air force concentrated on Polish communications, railroads, roads,
etc. He thinks that before long 6 mass attack on London and other factory
towns and airdromes may be expected. He also said that within two or three
days after the war started a group of planes believed to have been German
pessed over London above the clouds at night and were not seen. They were
picked up by sound but that was the only evidence of them as no bombs were
dropped.
9. SPAIN:
He believes that Spain was so shocked by the German-Soviet pact that
that country is now definitely anti-Germen end is beginning to play ball with
England. With a sweep of his arm across the map, be indicated that all of the
nations of Europe, except Scandinavia, would soon be lined up against Germany
and possibly Russia.
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. - - - -
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1. N
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
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From
Date 21 Sept. 1939 Serial No. 380
File No.
(Commer - earles
(Relect proper sumber
I 1 Date
pom d. N. Indes)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported en)
(Indes title - per Indes sheet)
(Subtitle)
Reference
luv- review, Indexing, and distribution of reporta by o. N. L will be greatly expedited If a brief number of the . estend in
this apen. Mention leading geographical, personal, or political - and the glus of the repait.)
PAGE THREE
10. PEACE OFFER:
Ee expects a peace offer before long from Germany which will be
rejected by England and France but he somewhat dreeds the effect upon world
public opinion of this refusal to conclude peace.
11. FAR EAST:
Ze suid that Japen had definded the removal from China of all British
and French erued forces and that the United States Led been informed that un-
less strong support were forthcoming from that country, France and England
would pull up stakes and clear out of China completely.
12. MISCELLANEOUS:
He said he had no recent information regarding the movement of the
British Floot in the Bastern Mediterranean but presuned that it was basing on
Alexandria. Nor had he endeavored to keep track of Itelian neval forces since
relations with that country had improved.
RECLASSIFIED
E O. 11652, Sec. 3(R) and (D) or (R)
OSD letter, May, & 1972
By SLR
Date MAY MAY
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I I I
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHÉ'S REPORT A-1-4/6881-G
quiskly diseminating information - Them vill be distributed by o, - - - - dischars, - to - -
Permited INTER expies original and also - make to - - et the - o. M. 1. and I of the - for
From
I
Date 28 Sept. 1939 Serial No. 390
File No. 1002-500
- - -
Chelest
Source of information PRESS
I 1 I
- d. - Indiad
Subject ITALY AVIATION ORGANIZATION AIR STRENGTH
(Nation reparted ea)
(Indes title - per Index these)
I
Reference
Barar (TM review, Indexing, and distribution of reparts by o. X. 1. will be greatly expedited If a of the - la - to
this space. Mention leatting peographical, personal, or politives - and the pel of the report.)
ITALY - compression.com PHIRD AERIAL ARMY
1. The following regarding the constitution of a Third Aerial Army
by the Italian Government is a translation of e notice appearing in the
Italian daily newspaper "Il Messaggero" of 23 September, 1939:
Ministry of Aeronautics Order Sheet of 18th announces
5
the constitution of the III Aerial Army.
The Command of the new unit which will begin to func-
tion ns of the 20th of this month will have its hoadquarters
in Rome.
General Fougier, commanding the new unit, issued the
following order of the day:
"I est taking command of the III Aorial Army upon its
constitution.
"The good wishos which I extend to the Ang's units and
to its valorous personnel also apply to the Clorious future
of our Service end of our Fatherland.
"Viva 11 Ro, Viva 11 Duce".
2. T..o air Ministry discontinued furnishing its official publications
to foreign Attaches during the period of the Abyosinian Campeign, so that the
subject order is not evailable. As forecast in this office's report No. 369
of 1 August, 1938, this Aerial Army is established in the Third Territorial
Zone, lonving only the Fourth Territorial Zone (Southern Italy) without a re-
gularly constituted sorial army.
OCT
2
BECLASSIFIED
§
3
E. O. 11052, Sec. 3(B) and 5(D) or (R)
5
OSD letter, May, 5 1972
By SLR
Date MAY. 2 1973
NAVA
GENCE
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of elippings, carbona of as., when prantical. If proticable, submit sibetable is mitable styles for bloepring or photostating.
. - - -
!
N.I.M
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF
4855-G
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
AFR 26 1940
Forward ngin (ortgical and als this sumber is member) because of the limited personal la O.N. I
10:4-21
?
vointly diseminating information Them regise will be distributed by O. N. 1. M per faitaria or
univery
la
From I
Date 9 February, 19.40 Serial No. 59
le
1501-200
(Selent
Seper
supple
trug L Index)
Source of information Press
ORGAN
5
Subject
ITALY
AVIATION
POLICY
SUILDING PROGRAMS
or
(Nation reported es)
Reference
RES adrjer index about)
NAVAL IN ELLIGENCE
RECEIVED
Barar (The review, Indesing, and distribution of regoria by o. N. t. will be greatly expedited If a beief subsuary of the materia is entered to
this space. Mentive leading geographical, personal, or political same, and the give of the report.)
projected 100% INCREASE IN ITALIAN AIR FORCE.
Press notice of announcement made by Italian Under-Secretary of State for
Air that Italian Air Force is to be doubled. Information so far unconfirued.
1. The following item was noted in ti.e New York Herald Tribune (Paris
Edition) of 5 February 1940:
"The number of Italy's fighting planes and pilots will be doubled in
the course or the present year, according to an announcement nade by General
Francesco Pricolo, Italian Under-Secretary of State for Air. The Italian air
program also comprises the construction of numerous 'secret bases'.'
2. Confirmation in Rone or the foregoing information cannot be obtained.
54
Any information obtainable in the ruture will be developed and forwarded.
3. The following is translated from an article by General Pricolo pub-
lished in "Is Vie dell'.ria'of 3 February, 1940, which is presumed to be the
source of the above:
The program of development for the present year contemplates at least
a 100% increase in planes and pilots; the forces and efficiency of the Air
Force will thus be adequate to any task to which Italy's new destiny may assign
it."
BECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, Sec. S(E) and 5(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 81.1973
- - - to L. - - - - - - - the - - - - - - the particular -
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of respings, curtoms of sketzbes, M.I., when practical. If practicable, submit in miliable siyles for Musprinting or photosting.
. - - -
---
N.N.I.M
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENTOR 1940
ATTACHE'S REPORT
18806
12
Purvent - engles and - performed: this number to - because of the limited personal is
A-I-V
quickly deministing isformation - allerbia, These - will be distributed by O.-N. L - per Initade or wording and of the - - for
From
T
Date 18 March 1940. Serial No.
402-300
126
F% No.1001:
(Commer -
- Junuary ano
proper -
Source of information Press
1
5
d, X. Indians)
6
ITALY
ECONOMIC FORCES
FINANCE
BUDGETS
AIR FORCE
Subject
ITALT
AVIATI ON
NAVAPOLICY LIGENCE
(Nation reported es)
(Indes title M per Indes sheet)
RECEIVE
Reference
Barar review, Indexing, and distribution of reports by o. X. 1. will be greatly expedited If & w summary of the controls la entered is
this space. Mention leading geographical, personal, or politiesi - and the glas of the report.)
AIR MINISTER'S SPEECH AT CHAMBER OF
MASCI AND CORPORATIONS 15 MARCH, 1940
Since constitution or Air yours eighteen years ago, Budget has increased
from 122 million lire to 3,261,000,000 lire this year. This is low in compar-
ison with appropriations of other great powers at present. Civilian Aviation
is making good progress; first Italian trans-oceanic airline inaugurated
recently; possible extension toward Far East. There have been few accidents
in relation to number of planes operating. Italian accident statistics lower
than those of other countries. War preparation is most urgent problem. Aero-
nautical industry in order and improving. Losses in Ethiopia and Spain easily
replaced. Present production to be almost doubled within six months. Techni-
cal superiority also necessary. Material to be dargely standardized, but at
least two or three types to be. retained ror each specialty. Fields and
Services: No new airports to be built this year, but emergency rields to bei
increased. Supplies of fuel, minitions, etc., surricient and will be in-
creased. Pre-aeronautical activites or Fascist Youth organizations userul 1
55
providing personnel. 400,000 hours or rlight performed in 1939. Collaborat
among Armed Forces: Italian Air Force, although independent, will collabore
with Army and Navy to utmost of its power. Air Force also has own part to
play. Aviation has given new aspect to war, and aerial warrare depends on
changeable circumstances. Massed aerial warrare: No large-scale air attacks
yet made by either belligerent, but ir they decide to right seriously aviation
will be determining ractor in outcome. In Polish campaign German aviation
caused Polish collapse. Germany successful in air attack against merchant
shipping and will probably be equally successful against warships ir occasion
arises. Mediterranean will remain Italy's source or lire thanks to possibili-
ties or ofrense and reaction orrored by Air Force. Nation may count on indus-
trial production, ability or personnel and erriciency of forces.
1. The rollowing 18 a translation or General Pricolo's speech at the dis-
cussion or the Aviation Budget in the Chamber or Fasci and Corporations, 15 March,
1940, as reported in the GIORNALE D'ITALIA or 16 March, 1940:-
"Exactly eighteen years ago the Air Force became an independent Arm by
decree or the King on proposal or the Aviator Duce, and inherited from the Navy
and the Army its two glorious by impoverished elements- worn-out planes and
disillusioned aviators.
"From that time it took a new lease on lire.
"Seventeen times the collaborator and interpreter or the Duce has
illustrated the programs and requirements or our Air Force.
"With the passage of years the Aviation Budget has gradually increased.
From the 122 million lire or 18 years ago TO have now risen to this year's demand
for 3,261,000,000. (Enthusiastic applause). The dirrerence is enormous, but you
will all realize that the increase in the power or our Air Army 1a equally enor-
mous. No must not rorget that, or all the great / nations, Italy is the most
-
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Das
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of elippings, carbona of shotober, as., when practical. If practicable, submit skatches is mitable style for blueprinting or photostating.
-1-
. - - -
-
N.
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
Pervand AFTER emples and do this sumber to - because of the limited personal is o. N. 1. md - of the - for
quickly Classinating Information - allerbie, These copies will be distributed by 0. N. L - per or devision, according to - matter.
From
2
Date March 18 19.40 Serial No. 126
File No.
(Common BIT series
(Select proper
January and
- o, N. L. Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported es)
(Indes title - per Indes sheet)
(Subtitie)
Reference
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this spase. Mention leading prographical, personal, or polities - and the givi of the report.)
- PAGE TWO -
exposed to enemy air attack; it is therefore necessary to increase the size or
our air rorce since, as we cannot alter our geographical position, our best
derense lies in an erricient Aviation (Lively approval).
"Although the rinancial sacririces that the country makes ror its Air
Army are great, they are not to be compared with those made by the other great
nations at the present time. France, for example, has appropriated 185 billion
rrance this year for ordinary and extraordinary expenditures.
CIVIL AVIATION.
"Constant, methodical and considerable progress has also been made in
our domestic and international civilian airlines. To now have air communication
between the principal cities in Italy, with the opposite shores of the Mediter-
ranean, as far as the Persian Gulr, and Italian East Africa is within a rew
Hour's rlight. Nor is that all. While the storm we.e breaking over Europe, -
inaugurated the rirst Italian trans-oceanic airline. Rome has made contact with
the Latin peoples beyond the Ocean, carrying the Fascist Lictor to the Italians
or or there who testiry to the valor and activity or our race. (Enthusiastic
and prolonged applause). This important new service will later be intensified
and the line extended.
"Nor will we stop here. Opportunities are orrered, which we shall not
miss, for new work towards the Far East which Italian planes were the first to
bring into contact with Europe twenty years ago (Approbation). We propose to
reach Calcutta and Bangkok, and we may even attain still more distant goals.
"Wo have had some accidents, certain of which have caused particular
pain to the hearts of all Italians; it must be remembered, however, that
activity is intense and that 85 civilian planes take orr every day in the
summer and 56 in the winter from the various airports. On the other hand,
statistics or regular service and security are still in our favor in comparison
with foreign civilian airlines.
"If there is any observation to be made, it is that the crows or the
airlines- spurred not so much by pride as by a jealous care for the prestige
or Italian Aviation- take orr even when rlying conditions are excessively
unravorable.
"This redounds to the honor of our pilots; nevertheless we believe
that the comprehensible desire to maintain absolutely regular service must be
renounced in ravor of absolute security. The necessary orders to this errect
have already been issued.
"I wish to make special mention of the trans-oceanic airline company.
- - - - - - a 5. L Cheek - of - - - - - - - - - - - # - - - - - - - -
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of elippings, eurbose of sketches, me, visa provided. If proticable, stall sketzber is mitable style for Mospriating or photostating.
-2-
- - - H
N.
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
quickly diseminating - attenble, The - will be distributed by O. y. - per fostacts or someding - matter. -
Perward SEVES aples lailure. original and de de sumber to - benues of the limited personal in o. N. 1. and - of the for
From
I
Date 18 March 1940. Serial No.
126
File No.
(Commone new -
each January And
(Salect proper -
Source of information
Irom o, N. L Indies)
Subject
(Nation reported en)
(Indes title - per Index sheet)
Reference
this space. Mention leading peographiesi, personal, of political - and the gies of the report.)
Banty - review, Indesting, and distribution of reports by 0. N. L will be greatly expedited If . brief numbery of the to entered is
- PAGE THREE -
This new organization was set up in a comparatively short time, and although its
inaugural rlight ended with an unmerited and serious accident, it orrers an
excellent example or organizing ability which is the more important in that it
is due to the work or pilots young in years but already rich in experience.
(Enthusiastic and prolonged applause).
"Ife are convinced that amateuraviation is not only userul but necessary.
It is a germ or enthusiasm, a seed bed or military pilots, and an economical
means or training and a source or income to the industries.
"In regard to sport activities, last summer the Air Force gained the
long distance record on a closed circuit; this year TO will devote ourselves to
exhibitions and records. Italian aviators and constructors have already
collected enough records and glories.
WAR PREPARATION
"Today the most important aeronautical problem is that or war prepar-
ation.
"The Italian aeronautical industry is in order and is continually
improving. During and after the operations for the conquest of Ethiopia, the
liberation of Spain and the occupation of Albania, we were easily able to re-
Integrate the consumption of men and material. Not only has consumed material
been replaced, but old-type material has been eliminated and substituted by more
modern types.
"The present production of the aeronautical industry far exceeds any
previous maximum, and within sit months it will be almost doubled (Enthusiastic
and prolonged applause).
"This doubled industrial production will result in a considerable
quantitative and qualitative increase in our air forces during this year.
"In order to acquire superiority over other air forces WI must attain
technical superiority as well as constructive potentiality. This is one of the
most serious and urgent problems.
"Technical competition was strong in time or peace; now that great
nations are at war it has become spasmodic. Germany, France and England modify
and improve their material with great speed and without regard to cost. Under
these circumstances, if we were to continue at our regular pace, we would soon
risk being surpassed. To must therefore speed up (Approbation).
"Wo are convinced of the necessity or working towards standardization
- - - - for - - a . 1. - - - - - - - - - Issue - - - - et de - - to - - - -
A-B-C-D-E
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of carbona of skatches, me, when practical. If practicable, submit statches is mitable styles for blueprinting of photostating.
-3-.
. . - - - +
N.N.I.M
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
Porward MTER engles original and als earbonal: this number is Deleasery bersuse of the limited personal is O.N. I. and tersue of the unless for
quickly diseminating Information from alterbés, Them copies will be distributed by 0, N. L M per foctasta or sisewbere, according to subject mailer,
From
T
Date 18 March , 19 40 Serial No.
126
File No.
(Common DAY
(faient proper sumber
each January Brst)
trues o, N. L Indes)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported ea)
(Inder title M per Indes sheet)
(Bubtitie)
Reference
Barar- review, Indexing, and distribution of reporta by 0. N. 1. will be greatly expedited if a betef munimary of the contents is assured in
this apace. Mention leading peographical, personal, or political - and the girl of the report.)
- PAGE FOUR -
or material, that is, or reducing the variety of types of planes, engines, arms
and accessories to a minimum.
"However, standardization of aeronautical material must not be taken
literally; there are exigencies of technical progress and of employment that
necessitate exceptions.
"If there were only a single type of plane for each specialty, NO would
run the risk of being seriously handicapped If the type should become temporarily
unusable due to some technical derect.
"The standardization idea must therefore not be exaggerated; there must
be at least two or three types for each specialty.
"The potentiality or aeronautical construction naturally depends upon
the svailability of supplies of raw materials. Without going into details I can
afrirm that the Air Ministry and its dependent industries obey as absolutely as
possible the order to use autarchic raw materials, for we are persuaded that
though this is sometimes more costly, it 1a nevertheless to the interest of the
nation.
"In concluding these remarks on aeronautical production, I consider it
my duty to state that aerial military preparation owes a very great deal to the
technique and industry of our country and that all our engineers, industrialists
and workers are up to the standard required by the gravity of the moment.
PILOTS AND SERVICES.
"Fields and services are a bsic element in the erriciency of the air
units.
"Since airport construction calls for heavy expenditure, - will build
no more during this year (except two in Albania) but will take steps to rill to
capacity those now in existence; the number of emergency fields, however, will
be multiplied.
"In regard to supplies and stocks of fuel, lubricants, bombs, fire-arms
and munitions, we may state that the already sufficient stocks will continue to
be increased on as large a scale as possible.
"Wo are certain that the passage from a peace to a war rooting and the
movements of units can be accomplished with the greatest regularity.
"The wars in which the Italian Aviation has taken part during the last
rew years have given us not only the great satisfaction of proving the excellent
- - - - - - - a a. 1. Check - of - - - - - - - - - - - of - - - - - - - -
A-B-C-D-E
Name
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Use forms for all copies. Use only forma - supplied by o. N. Make all sketches, etc., uniform is size with shie form where practical. Eubeit estra copies
of ellopings, nurbons of statches, MA, where prescisal. If practicable, submit situtches - musable anyme for Mosprinting or photosting.
1/1
I
. - - -
!
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHE'S REPORT
Pervent INTER emples and da a sumber to - because of the limited personal in 0. N. I. and becomes of the - for
quickly disminating Inco These expire will be distributed by o, N. E. M per or develops, according to subject matter.
From
I
Date 18 March 19 40 Serial No.
126
File No.
(Comments - aries
(Belect proper sember
sech January Brst)
- d. N. 1. Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported en)
(lades title - per Indes sheet)
(Subtitle)
Reference
Dater review, Indexing, and distribution of reporte by 0. N. L will be greatly expedited If a brief summary of the contacts to estend is
this space. Mention leading peopraphical, personal, or politied - and the give of the report.)
- PAGE FIVE -
quality or Commanders and crews, specialists and personnel in general, but have
also served us in a way that no other test and no school of theory or practice
could have done.
"The pre-aeronautical activities performed in collaboration with the
Fascist Youth organizations have been highly useful in the formation of a large
mass or personnel from which to select the most suitable.
"The activities of the R.U.N.A. pilot and training schools have also
been valuable.
"The Royal Aeronautical Academy, the School of Application, and the
School of Aeronautical Tarfare are working energetically.
"Not only do the airmen in service offer a splendid spectacle of
enthusiasm and raith, but also the personnel of the Reserve which has the same
ardor and passion for rlight and for aviation problems. However, more extensive
and more rrequent rerresher courses must be held.
"Our Experimental Centers, High Speed and High Altitude Departments
continue their valuable work; these departments prepare and anticipate the
progress of qviation.
"During 1939 about 400,000 hours of rlight were perrormed.
"Considering this figure, the increase in speed, the more intense
training, and the increased number of missions which are not always routine
ones, as for instance in Italian East Africa, it might be imagined that the
number or accidents would increase in proportion. Fortunately it has not. In
the Italian Air yorce everything is done that is humanly possible to reduce the
number or accidents.
"Everyone's ability and competence is mobilized to that end. No
useless imprudence is permitted, although daring and dirricult rlight and
collective acrobatics in which pilots gain greater security and increase the
erriciency or our forces in comparison with those or others must not be
neglected (Enthusiastic and prolonged applause).
"Nevertheless, in spite or the most meticulous care, in spite or the
neasures taken to eliminate causes or risk as rar as possible, rate decrees
that aviation shall pay an inexorable tribute or human lives each year.
"Ilenow that I interpret the thoughts or the Chamber in rendering
homage to the commanders and crews that have rallen in the rulrillment or their
duty (The Duce, the President, Ministers and National counselors rise).
- - - - to - . & . L. Chest - of - - - - - - Date - - the - of - - - - - - - - -
A-B-C-D-E
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->-
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From
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Date 18 March, 19 40 Serial No. 126
File No.
Commo - -
(Select proper emplor
- January BM)
- d. X L Index)
Bource of information
Subject
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Children
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- PAGE SIX -
COLLABORATI ON AMONG THE ARMED FORCES.
"The problem or aviation employment and or aerial warrare is today or
great interest.
* hold that the autonomy or the aviation signiries a greater organic
development and a great possibility of initiative. The word "independence" has no
significance in the mutual relations among the Armed Forces. Facts have already
shown the complete and fraternal collaboration of the Army and the Air Force. I
allude to the epic deeds of our air forces in Ethiopia and in Spain. Also in the
occupation of Albania the three Armed Forces operated in perrect unity (Hearty
applause).
"The Italian Air Force will operate in solidarity with the Army and with
the Navy to the utmost of its powers- to the last plane and to the last pilot
(Warm and strong approval).
"All the Armed Forces have a common goal and thererore they all co-
operate for success. Naturally their employment is determined by the character-
istics or each force. Intervention in tactical actions cannot be regarded as the
essential employment or the Air Force.
"To are convinced that the Air Army has a word to say for itselr in the
harmonious action or the combined forces.
"It cannot be denied that the airplane has given the whole theory and
practice or war a new physiognomy.
"Wo are glad to have everyone, aviators and non-aviators, provided they
are competent, discuss aerial warfare and its possibilities. In this regard it
is possible that certain statements as to the erriciency or aerial power have in
the past relt the inrluence or excessive polemic heat, but in the race of the
dereatism sometimes demonstrated at that time, it was necessary to set out the
aviation problem firmly and impose it upon the attention of technicians and
military experts.
"Today it would be useless to attempt to adjust the interpretation or
racts in order to judge given doctrines. Aerial warfare cannot be shut into
theoretical compartments since its forms depend on changeable circumstances and
the evolution of equipment. This is so rapid that it does not permit of any kind
or dogmatism. The Air Force 18, and must be, essentially adaptable to circum-
stances.
"It mist be admitted that-many forecasts have not materialized in
- - - - - - - a M. L Chest - of - - - - - - - - - - - M the - - - - - - -
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-6-
- - -
-
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
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From
=
Date 18 March 19 40 Serial No. 126
File No.
(Commer any and
Source of information
each January Ank)
Belect proper -
- o. N.L. Index)
Subject
(Nation reported on)
Clades title - per Indes about)
(Rubtitie)
Reference
this Bacar - space. Mantion,Jeeding review, Indesting, geographical, and distribution personal, or of reports political by - o. N. and L the will gles be of greatly the report.) expedited If . beter number of the contants to entered la
- PAGE SEVEN -
regard to land and sea warrare also, On land the armies have ao far remained
immobile- not only are masses not employed, but their inaction appears irrecon-
cilable with the urgent needs of the industrial and agricultural life or the
belligerent countries. At sea there has so rar been only "guerilla" warfare, or
pirate warrare with rast cruisers in the oceans, and submarines in the North Sea,
operating almost exclusively against neutral ships.
"The war in the air is also still or a guerilla type consisting or
isblated, almost experimental actions.
MASSED AERIAL WARFARE.
"Massed aerial warfare against military objectives or towns has not
yet begun, evidently because each belligerent is afraid of the enemy's reprisals
and is perhaps waiting to attain such superiority as to be able to attack with a
minimum rist or counter-orrensive.
"However, there is no doubt that if the belligerents decide to fight
seriously, the action of the air forces will be fully exploited and will be a
determining ractor in the outcome.
"In the Polish campaign 90 have seen that the German Air Force operated
against aviation, against the army and against the moral resistance of the enemy
with an intensity which was perhaps the only determining cause of the rapid Polish
collapse.
"We have recently seen the success of the German aviation against
English merchant shipping in the North Sea; many ships of all sizes have been
sunk without difficulty and with a minimum of loss to the air forces.
"Nothing as decisive may be said in regard to warships; but it is only
logical that the aviation will be at least equally successful in restricting their
employment and activity.
"These observations are of particular importance, especially to Italians;
since the Mediterranean 10 to us literally "the way and the lire", I can assure
you that it will remain such, thanks to the infinite possibilities of orrense and
reaction that the aviation offers us (Hearty and prolonged applause in which the
Duce participates).
"The numerical entity of the Squadrons, the technical excellence of
our planes, our industrial production, the ability of the Commands and General
Staffs, the efficiency of our plants and services, the output of the drarts and
schools, are elements on which the raith of the country is well rounded.
- - - - - - - a Chesk - el - - - - - - Issue - - - - of the - - - the - - - -
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-7-
. - - - -
N.N.I.M
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From
T
Date 18 March , 19 40 Serial No.
126
File No.
(Comments new and
(Balect proper numbe
each January first)
trues O. N. L Index)
Source of information
Subject
(Nation reported en)
(lades title M per Indes sheet)
(Subtitle)*
Reference
Burr - (The review, indesing. and distribution of reports by 0. N. 1. will be greatly expedited If . brief of the contacts la entered in
this spece. Mention leading geographical, personal, or political and the gial of the report.)
- PAGE EIGHT -
"Above all, we are convinced that the valor and judgement or our pilots
and the brilliance. or our technicians are raw materials in wich we shall never be
round lacking (Loud applause).
"If the day of the great ordeal comes and the Air Force is called to
maintain the promise made during seventeen years of work and preparation, you
may be sure that the valor and power of our Aviation will be domonstrated in rull
- (Ovation) .
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N.N.I.M
155'IED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS, NAVY DEPARTMENT
A-1-n
ATTACHE'S REPORT
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1002
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From
T
Date 20 June 19.40 Serial No. 336
File No. 1002-500
(Commenes DEV aria
/Chelect proper number
Source of information CONTACT
each January first)
trues d. N.I. Index)
Subject ITALY
AVIATION
ORGANIZATION
AIR
(Nation reported ea)
(Indes title M per Indes sheet)
Reference
review, indexing, and distribution of reports by O.N.I. will be greatly espedited If . brief number) of the emplants la entered la
this space. Mention Inding peographical, personal, or political and the glas of the report.)
STRENGTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF ITALIAN
AIR FORCE
1. The following figures on the strength and distribution of the Italian
Air Force were received from the Yugoslav Air Attache and are believed to be
a fairly good estimate:
BOMBARDMENT
Flights
Groups
Squadrons
Plenes
Location
19
38
76
684
Italy
2
4
8
72
Italy, Seaplanes.
1
2
18
Independent.
1
2
18
Seeplanes.
792 total.
PURSUIT
8
16
48
576
Italy
1
3
36
Rhodes.
2
5
60
Libya.
672 total.
56
ASSAULT
1
2
4
48
Italy
1
2
4
48
Libya
1
2
24
Independent
1
2
24
-
Seaplanes
144 total
2. The total of first-line planes is 1608. The total in Libya is 450 of
all types. The maximum of additional effective 2nd line bombers is 500.
Maximum production of all types is 200 to 300 per month, the truth being
nearer the lower figure.
There are 30 S.M. 82, 3-engine monoplane commercial transports converted for
troop-carrying.
BECLASSIFIED
E O. 11652, Sec. 3(E) and S(D) of (in
FATU
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
MAY 21 1973
By SI.R
Date
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- PRINTING -
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
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From
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Date 23 Aug. 40 Serial No. 446
Pile No.
© - -
Source of information CONTACTS - OBSERVATIONS
1 I I
ITALY - POLITICAL FORCES - POLICY - 17
Subject
#
#
- INTERNATIONAL TICHS,
ITALY - OPERATIONS. (later
-
-
per
I
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Reference (a) MAY Rame's Serial No, 403 of 31 July, 1940,
Inducted, and distribution of - by 0, will be puby applied If . - I of the - - - is
as - Mention personal, - - and the - of - repuil.)
ITALY'S PRESENT POSITION.
The Italian people have very little accurate concerning the
progress of the war. Control over shipments of contraband to the United
States heing tightened by Italy because of help given to Encland, The
Press has endeavored to nip in the bud a growing feeling of sympathy for
France; to assure the people that the United States will not enter the war
in time to save England; and to pick a quarrel with Greece. The exact objective
of the anti-Greek Press compaign is not yet clear but it is probably a pro-
liminary to certain demends, or a smoke screen to cover internal disturbances
in Albania, or an affort to divert part of the British Floet to the defense
of Greece. Lerge scale operations against Alexandria and the Suez Canal are
being prepared in Libya. Italy desires Spain to enter the war. Admiral
Cavagnari is concerned about the naval situation, specially the large sub-
marine losses and the shortages of torpedoes and oil. A code book was cap-
tured from an Itelian submarine. Air defenses are being developed in the
large cities and people are losing their feeling of comparative security.
There is much defectist talk and morale is not high.
1. The Bulletins on the progress of the war issued in Rome at 1500 daily
continue to be uninformative, as does the Itelian Press which prints in full the
news despatches from Berlin but only such items from the neutral nows services
as serve the purposes of the Italian government. Except for those who surrep-
titiously listen to British and other foreign broadcasts or read the Swiss papers,
the Italian people have meagre information regarding the war.
2. For some weeks the attitude of the Press toward the United States has
been less violent than usual. The attitude toward the United States in official
quarters is indicated by the statement of Admiral Reineri-Biscia during a recent
conference with the Naval Attache regarding safe conduct for two cargoes of
American-owned chrome from Turitish ports to New York. When asked why the Itelian
Government requires more guarantees in this case then were required for a cargo
of copper shipped to New York from Cyprus earlier in the war, he replied that
SLR
OR
"The situation has changed since then. The President of the United States has
openly stated. that he will (ive every material aid to Italy's enemy and now we
have to tighten up the screws", indicating the tightening with a motion of his
hand.
3. During the past few weeks the Italian Press, in addition to feeding Ital-
ian and German victories to the people, has embarked upon several specific can-
8167 state were CED
paigna among which are the following three:
Sec. S(E) and MD) at (E)
4. In order to nip what appeared to be a growing sympathy for France,
FEA
among the Italian people, the Press has reiterated the faot that France is a de-
w.s.
feated nation and must pay and has emphasized the hatred of the French for Ital-
Lens as evidenced by the shabby treatment of Itelians in French concentration
1973
camps. The Press ch numerous occasions has stated that the conduct of the Vichy
FOR
Government is not satisfactory, that it is composed of the seme men who until
TREAT
recently were prosecuting the wer against the Axis, end that it is indulging in
passive the war.
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-1-
I I I
!
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
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ATTACHÉ'S REPORT
quickly - - - Mercation - and - These this explas somber will is be - distributed - by 0. of H. the L - - - - of showhers, in 9. N. - L and - to - of the matter, — for
From
Date 23 Aug.
1940 Serial No. 446
File No.
(Companymes - -
1 I I
Below - -
Source of information
I 9. I
Subject
(Nation reported es)
(Inder title . par Inter thest)
Reference
this space. Medica review, lending Indecing. prographical, and distributies personal, of of political reports - by o. and N. 1. the will per be of grally the report.) expedited If a brief member) of the - is enteryd la
PAGE TWO.
11652 Sec. 500 and 6(D) of (1)
OBD letter, May, ", 1972
Date
MAY
2
1973
5. In order to allay the fears of the people, the Press, by quoting and
misquoting the speeches of prominent Americans, has endeavored to prove (a)
that the United States will not enter the war and (b) that, if the United
States should enter the war, it would be too late to eave Ingland.
6. Early in August the Italian Press leunched a compaign egainst Greece
in what appeared to be en effort to pick a uarrel. Greece was occused of un-
neutrel service in permitting British tenixers and non-of-war to use Creek
anchorages. Then Greece was accused of having instigated the murder of Deut
Hogja, who was represented to be on Albanian patriot and leader but who octually
was a bandit with e price on his hond who had been murdered about two months be-
fore the Italian Press thought to accuse Greece. Then the torpedoing of
the Greek mine-laying cruiser "Helle" by an "unknown" submarine und finally the
bombing of two Greek destroyers by "unknown" airplanes. The bombing planes were
recognized as Italian and, according to the Press, Italy apologized for the bomb-
ing stating that the destroyers were thought to be British.
7. The exact objective of this anti-Greek compaign is not clear and there
is much speculation not only in Italy and Greece but in the other Balkan states
which may be involved. One theory is that the purpose of the campaign is to oust
Metaxas, who is playing the German game, and to install a government that will
comply with Italian wishes where they conflict with German interests, repudiate
the British guarantee and prevent the use of Greek ports by ships of the British
floet. Others believe that it is preparatory to a demand upon Greece to code
Corfu and to pormit Itelian varships to use ports in the Island of Crete or a de-
mend upon Greece end Yugoalavia for territory for a Macedonian annex to Albania.
A wide-spread belief has existed that the Press campaign against Greece is just
a smoke screen to cover up the disturbances which have taken place recently in
Albania in which Italian troops were anbushed and suffered losses. During the
pest 48 hours foreign news services have announced that Italian troops in Albania
are being shifted from the north to the Greek border in the south but, as there
are only about 120,000 Italian troops in Albania and as a half million would be
needed for an offensive, it is thought that Italy is not preparing for a military
venture but expects to attain her objectives by blackmail and threats. A most
likely theory is that the threat against Greece is to divert a part of the British
fleet to the defense of Corfu or other Greek territory thus relieving the pressure
from British forces afloct against the projected attack against Egypt to capture
Alexandria and the Suez Canal.
8. Large scale operations in Libye at this time of the year are difficult.
because of the weather. Until recently it has been the general belief, however,
that an attack on Egypt, with its objectives Alexandria and the Suez Canal, would
be launched about the middle of August to coincide with the German invasion of
England and with Spein's entry into the war and attack on Gibraltar. Now it is
believed that the attack on Egypt will be delayed until fall weather sets in.
Especially since the replacement of Balbo by Graziani, there have been intense
preparations in Libya for an attack on Egypt. It is estimated that there are
2
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OFFICE
!
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, OFFICE OF CHIEF OF
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From
T
Date 23 Aug. 40 Serial No. 446
File No.
- arte
- - -
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Source of information
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Subject
(Nation reported -
Clader title - per Indes that)
Reference
review, Inducting, end distribution of - by 0, will be goily arpodited . . Intel - of - - le attend in
the space. Mention - prographies, personal, - politives - and the - of the report.)
BECLASSIFIED
R.
o. 11652, Sec. S(E) and ND) of (E)
OED
letter,
May,
MAY 1972 21 1973
PAGE THREE
DI
SLR
Date
about 300,000 Italian troops plus 35, 000 to 50,000 native troops in Libya, pro-
bably the meximum number that can be supplied with water, food, gasoline end
other necessities. The collapse of France and subsequent failure to continue
the war of the French forces in Morocco, Algeria and Tunis released all Libyan
forces from the western border and pemitted the use of their full strength
against Egypt and the Sudan. Likewise the defection of the French in French
Somaliland and the recent evacuation by the British of British Somaliland
releases a powerful Italian force to contain British forces on the Sudan end
Kenya borders of Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland.
9. Itely very much desires the entry of Spain into the war and from time
to time there are rumors that Spain is about to declare war on England and attack
Gibralter. According to information believed to be reliable, shortly after
Itely declared war 8 formation of plenes commanded by Ettore Muti, Secretary
of the Fascist Party, landed in the Baleario Ialands expecting to force Spain's
hand. However, they were told to get out. From the same source it is learned
that recently German agents in Spain have endeavored to justify Russia as an
Ally end that Frenco does not like it. Franco is reported to have rounded up
German sightseers from occupied France and sent them back across the border.
10. An informant, who is in a position to know, states that Admiral
Cavagnari is very much concerned over the naval situation, perticularly the
large loss of submarines, the shortage of torpedoes and the diminishing supply
of oil. Admiral Cavagnari is said to be personally supervising the issue of
torpedoes to the fleet. Informant, who is strongly Fascist and was formerly
very enthusiastic toward the war, now believes that Germany cannot win and that
Itely is lost.
11. Several versions have been heard, indicating that there is some basis
of fact, of a story that a code book was obtained from a captured Italian sub-
marine by means of which the British enticed other submarines to rendezvous
end destroyed them. One version Cives eight as the number thus destroyed,
another gives fourteen.
12. The development of air defenses end the placing of send bag protection
are continuing in all large cities throughout Italy. This and recent bombings
in northern Italy make the people realize that the end of the war is not inmi-
nent. Their feeling of comparative security 1a disappearing.
13. During the past few weeks there has been much defeatist talk in Italy
smong all classes. The extension of the war makes them wonder where food and
supplies are coming from. Most of the older generation have never approved of
the war end do not like the alliance with Germany. One old shop-keeper in
talking to nn American woman said that Itely's entry into the war was disgrace-
ful, that Italy could never hold up her head again, end that all of the trouble
is due, to the ambition of "those two bandiss". A few of the older members of
the aristocracy who are known to be against the Party and who have been too
- - - - - - la a 9. - - of - - - - - - Issue - - - - of - - - - - pertimber - - -
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PAGE FOUR
outspoken have quietly disappeared - taken off to jail. The lower classes an-
countered in walking through side streets occasionally make comments favorable
to Americans and English and derogatory to Germans. The pessimistic informant
in paragraph 9 above is an older officer. That there is not only pessimism
but actual disloyalty among the younger officers, who might be expected to en-
thuse over the war, is indicated by a conversation among several young reserve
officers who hed just been called up who were not only anti-German but even
stated that they hoped England would win the war. They said that 1f they
ever had to face an enery they would take care of their own skins and be care-
ful not to be killed or wounded.
DECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, Sec. S(E) and 5(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 3, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 2 1973
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OFFICE OF CHIEF OR-NAVAL OPERATIONS
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Date 27 Sept.
1940
( Bood, - allies, detien, - -
Reference N.A. Rome's Serial No. 445 of 25 Aug. 1940.
(Direative, eurrespondence, provides related report, - If applicable)
Source
Contacts.
Evaluation
(As afficial, observative, publications, pres, - with-ideally
I I 1 3 7
Subject ITALY/POWERS-POL. FORCI -POLICY-FOREIGN/DOMESTIC. ITALY-SEMY-OFERATIONS.
(Nation regarted - (Maig citle report for - -
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ITALY'S PRESENT POSITION
pranticalis, prepare suitable for
The Italian people realize that the war will probably be a long one and are
displeased at the prospect. There is a surprising amount of criticism of the
government and subversive activities exist. Many individuals have been arres-
ted. Prefects make monthly report to Rome on public sentiment. Bombing of
reporta Com alpo this the fund last be page of and original and of page revalsed and file mpy of standant by reports 13 only. be plain Submit white copies of proper for elippings, additional skasches, pages. etc., Purmet original If and de copies. Offers properting and them terrethe
Italian cities has had a marked effect on morale. Repopulation of the alto
Adige has proved to be a difficult problem and the departing Tyroleans show
bitterness and contempt toward the Italians. Italy continues to fortify her
German border. The rew material situation in Itely is bad and Italy is facing
a serious shortage of oil supplies. The food situation is generally good but
prices are high. Admiral Cavagnari is seid to have given orders to Italian
ships not to accept action. He is concerned over submarine losses, shortage
of torpedoes and diminishing oil supplies. The BOLZANO was severely damaged
in action 9 July. The CAVOUR was probably damaged at the same time. There
is no confirmation of Italy taking over French ships at Toulon. The British
Fleet has "mastery" of the Mediterransan and meets no opposition from the
Italian Navy. The burden of controlling the Mediterramen has been shifted
entirely to the Air Force and aviators complain of the inactivity of the Navy.
The Air Force is using some Germen planes and has sent planes and pilots to
Germany. British land, sea and air forces in Eypt have been reinforced.
Purther advance of Itelian force into Egypt is difficult. Malta is still
holding out. The Press campaign against Greece continues. Italy is prepared
to attack Greece or Yugoslavia if opportunity offers. Germany is said to be
exercising a restraining influence. The Damibe Commission has been abolished.
Russie has protested against being amitted from the group of Danube Powers at
the conference in Vienna. Russia is massing troops on the Hungarian torder
and endesvoring to foment a revolution in Hungary. This will give Germany
& pretext to take action. Turkey has followed a pacific policy and has been
warned of possible isolation from the new Europe. Spain is under pressure
58
from the Axis powers and may be forced to join them. Ciano, Ribbentrop and
Suner are conferring in Berlin today. In Roue correspondents have been told
to stand by for important announcement and the people to have Spenish and Japa-
nese flags ready. Itely though week in may respects is able to take the
offensive because of lack of strong opposition.
& a 11652, Bee. 3(E) and 5(D) or (10
OSD letter, May. % 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY 21 1973
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C.A. Rome 516-40 of 27 Sept. 1940
1. The Italian Press and daily war Bullstins continue to claim Italian
victories on every possible occasion. Complete control of the Mediterranean
and the Red Sea are claimed. The "victory" in Somaliland wes cited as an
example of the valor of Italian arms and as another indication that the Bri-
tish Mapire is crecking up.
2. However, the repeated putting off of the predicted date of the capitu-
lation of England has been too much even for Itelian credulity and the people
now realise that the war will not end in the imediate future. Italians of
all classes are much concerned at the prospect of a long war. They say 'that
Hitler promised a short war and is not putting forth his best efforts to
bring it to an end. Italy entered the war only when it was believed to be
about over. In Naples thousands of Italian and German flags were ordered to
decorate the city in celebration of an axis victory.
3. Many people are disappointed that Italy did not get more out of the
Armistice with France. They are much concerned at the increasing material
assistance being given to England and at the possibility of the United States
entering the war. They feel that the war is not going well and have very
little confidence in the future. There is a surprising amount of criticism
of the government, particularly among small shop keepers and the very poor.
In Palermo, where there is much poverty, scarcity of food and high prices,
this criticiam has assumed an ugly aspect at times. In Milan subversive
activities are carried on by an organization calling itself the "Committee
for the Constitution of the Republic of Cisalpine Italy".
4. Many people, high and low, have been arrested for expressing them-
selves too freely. Prince Torlonia, husband of the Spanish Infante, much to
the delight of everyone who knows him, was arrested for oriticiam of the
Government, held for a few days and then released. Prince Doria, head of
one of the oldest families in Italy, although in poor health, is now in a
labor camp located near the heel of the boot. Signor Giovanni Fund, Italian
representative of the House of Morgan and a well known anglophile, is now
under arrest and probably is headed for internment.
5. Prefects are required to make a monthly report to Rome regarding
public sentiment toward the war, local affairs, adequacy of supplies of mer-
chandise in shops, volume of sales, etc. These reports are compiled from
the reports of the various Police Captains. The latter sometimes make in-
accurately favorable reports for fear of losing their jobs.
6. The morele of the Italian people probably suffers more from the
effect of air raids than that of northern races. The people were surprised
and shocked when air raids on northern Italian industrial towns again com-
menced after the capitulation of France. The air raids on Palermo by
planes based on Malta have resulted in about 10,000 of the wealthiest people
leaving that city. Turin, Milan and Genca have also had large exoduses.
Material demage has been considerable but its exact extent is not known,
It is believed that at least one raid on Genoa early in September was made
by carrier-based planes, which have on several occasions bombed Cagliari.
Work 1s going ahoad all over Italy of covering all important monuments with
send bag protection and on constructing fragment-proof shelters. There have
been very few raids over northern Italy during the past two or three weeks
because the R.A.F. has been busy elsewhere. The early sounding of the alern
during the last fow raids on Turin end Milan indicates that warning was given
from Switzerland when British planes passed over that country.
7. Great difficulty is being experienced in repopulating the Alto Adige.
Italiens brought in from the south have failed to establish themselves and
have departed. The evacuating Tyroleans manifest great bitterness and con-
tempt toward Italians. They expect that some day the Tyrol will be incorpor-
ated in the Reich and then they will return. Strangely enough Italy continues
to build fortifications along the entire German frontier.
REQUESIFED
-2_
g. O. 11652 Bon. $(5) and 5(D) at (2)
OSD latter, 4, 1972
Ey 0,0
Date MAY 1973
- 2 -
BECAUSSITED
& a 11652, Bec. S(E) and (D) or (E)
ORD letter, May, 1, 1972
MAY 214973
By SLR
Date
N.A. Rome 516-40 of 27 Sept. 1940
8. The raw material situation in Italy is bad and many businesses are
shutting down for lack of rew materials. It is said that steel for completion
of the battleships ROMA and IMPERO is coming from Germany via Switzerland.
Italy is facing et serious shortage of oil supplies. The large refining plant
at Livorno has already shut down for lack of crude oil. When Italy entered-
the war three end a half months ago, the large plant at Naples had on hand
only a four months supply of crude and has received only small Quantities
since then. Abonetti, the Assistant Manager of the Italian owned aquila 011
Refineries of Trieste has recently been in Zagreb conferring with the General
Manager of the Socony-Vacuum Company (Smith) with a view to getting oil
supplies from Boumania via Yugoalavia by barges from Giurgiu to Brod and thence
by tank cars to Italy. This will be difficult as about 75% of the barges on
the Denube are in use by Germany. Smith promised nothing. Italian owned
refineries (A.G.I.P.) at present are receiving small quantities of oil direct
from Roumania in tank cars via Tugoslavia and by barges to Budapest and thence
by tank cars to Italy.
9. The food situation in Italy is generally good. This year's wheat crop
is smaller than usual but all other grains have been harvested in normal or
greater than normal quantities. At this time of the year there 1s an abundance
of fresh fruit and vegetables but preserving of fruits for the winter in pri-
vate households is almost unknown in Italy, probably because of the lack of
sugar. Coffee, tea and sugar are carefully rationed and there are four meat-
less days a week. Only one grade of bread and one grade of "pasta" are per-
mitted and the quality 1a not high. Prices are supposed to have been stabi-
lized but have been steadily mounting and the poorer classes are suffering,
particularly in cities such as Palermo and Naples where protest demonstra-
tions have occurred at times. A few "necessary" articles, such as laundry
soap, are gradually disappearing from the market.
10. Information believed to be accurate indicates that Admiral Cavagnari
has given orders to ships of the Italian Navy not to accept action under any
circumstances and this policy appears to have been confirmed by events of the
past few weeks. Although the British Fleet has been active throughout the
Mediterrenean, it has not in any recent instance been attacked by the Italian
navy. Junior officers have indicated that they have no desire for combat with
the British Fleet. Cavagnari has expressed his great respect for British gun-
nery. He has been gravely concerned over the large submarine losses, the
shortage of torpedoes and the dwindling oil supplies. It is said that an
investigation is being mode into graft in connection with supplies for the Navy.
11. Italy has officially admitted the loss of eight submarines; officials
in the Ministry of Marine have admitted to the Swedish Naval Attache the loss
of twelve; and the actual losses are believed to be in the neighborhood of
thirty. Another cause for concern is the lack of trained crows. for subuarines.
A peacetime rotating reserve system, combined with the conscription system,
has left the Italian submarine service short of trained crews in time of war.
Information indicates that at least a few Italian submarines have gone to
Bordeaux for operations in the Atlantic.
12. No official ennouncement has ever been made of damage to the BOLZANO
in the action in the Ionian Sea on 9 July. Information from a doubtful source
that that vessel was damaged has now been confirmed. AD are witness states
that the BOLEANO arrived at Augusta Bay with a bad list to starboard. Another
informant states that she was down by the head and her officers thought she
would not reach port. Later the BOLZANO was shifted to Livorno for repairs
and some of the officers were detached because she was "undergoing extensive
repairs". Information that the CAVOUR also was damaged in that action appears
to be correct though not definitely confirmed.
13. There has been no confirmation of a report published in the Swedish
Press in the latter part of August to the effect that Italy was teking over
certain French men-of-war at Toulon. -3-
N.A. Rome 516-40 of 27 Sept. 1910
14. In spite of Italian propagenda claims to control of the Mediter-
renean, British Convoys sail the length of that sea from Gibraltar to Alex-
endria and through the Aegeen to Alexandria. Supplies, equipment and rein-
forcements have been transported through the Mediterranean to all three of
the British armed services in Egpt. British naval forces have bombarded
Libyan parts and Italian land forces advancing along the shore into Eypt
and have made sweeps out into the Moditerranean almost at will. Well informed
Italians know this, As one Italian Any Officer said "The British have 'mastery'
of the Moditerraneen". For several weeks all of these operations have been
conducted without opposition from Italian neval forces.
15. The entire burden of controlling the Mediterranean has been placed
upon the Italian Air Force, which is inadequate for the purpose, while the
Italian Navy remeins in port. Foreign observers in Italy believe that the
Italian Air Force has no bombs sufficiently large to make effective attack on
capital ships and has no planes designed and built properly to leanch the
largest bombs that they have. Aviators have been heard to grumble at the
lack of initiative of the Italian Navy against British naval forces and con-
voys. It is known that some German planes are now being used by the Italian
Air Force. On 11 September it was learned that 400 Italian planes and pilots
had been asked for and would be sent immediately to Germany. It is known
that during the next few days pilots left Rome and planes left from other
localities for Germany. One pilot is known to have gone to Germany from Rome
and to have returned four days later for some unknown reason.
16. Churchill has stated in Parliament that the British land, sea and
air forces in Egypt have been heavily reinforced during the past few weeks,
the naval forces to nearly twice their former strength. From a well informed
Italian source, it is learned that the 120,000 British troops which were in
Egypt about a month or six weeks ago have been reinforced. Other sources
say that there are about 200,000 British troops in Egypt, part of the rein-
foroements coming through the Red Sea. Equipment and material received by
the British includes tanks and amored cars. Hurricanes and Spitfires now
sugment the outmoded planes already in service in Egypt.
17. The Italian forces in Libya number not more than 300,000 and only
part of these are available for use against Egypt as a considerable force must
be left on the Tunis border until the situation in Tunis and Morocco is cleared
up. The present advance into Egypt from Libya has been made against very
little opposition. At Marsa Matruh, the Italians expect to meet real oppo-
sition and are now organizing at Sidi-Barani before further advance. From
Marsa Matruh to Alexandria is a long stretch of waterless desert, now traver-
sed by a railroad which would undoubtedly be destroyed if necessary for the
defense of Alexandria. Italians are not sanguine concerning the success of
such an expedition. The Italian attack on Egypt was intended to coincide
with the German invasion of England. Now Italy is physically committed to
the attack on Egypt but the invasion of England has not come off on schedule.
18, Malta continues to hold out in the face of repeated bombing. It is
said that there is a serious difference of opinion between Ciano and Badoglio
regarding Malta. The former wants to take Malta by landing operations be-
cause he believes an Italian victory is needed at this time for purposes of
morale. Badoglio balieves that larger losses would be incurred than are
advisable.
19. The Press campaign against Greece has continued intermittently for
several weeks. A few weeks ago there were about 140,000 Italian troops in
Albania but this number has been greatly increased. Also preparations are
being mede to take Greek islands by landing troops from Rhodes. Greece has
been quietly preparing her own defenses but has been careful to give no pre-
taxt for attack to Italy. Italy has not issued an ultimatum to Greece but has
been preparing a situation of which she can take advantage if opportunity
offers. Germany has used a restraining influence in order to prevent trouble
in the Balkans at the present time. After Roumania renounced the British guar-
antee, it was implied that Greece might do likewise and might come within the
Axis sphere but Greece appears resolved to resist all such advances.
DECLASSIFIED
E. a 11652, See I(E) and S(D) or (R)
- 4 -
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1972
REQUESTED
E. O, 11662, Bee, 3(E) and NO) or (i)
OSD letter, May, & 1972
By-SLR
Date MAY 21 873
N.A. Rome 516-40 of 27 Sept. 1940
20. Italy is prepared also to utilize any opportunity to take action
against Tugoslavia. Large forces have been maintained on the Italo-Yugoalev
border, with Headquarters now at Castelnuove dei Friuli. Recently light and
heavy artillery units have been transferred from Piedmont to the Trieste
area to 80 into winter quarters. For some time a survey of dwallings on the
northwest coast of the Adriatic has been in progress to provide housing for
Italians who may be evacuated from the Dalmatian Coast. Italians of the Slav
race in the Trieste area have recently been interned in large numbers, about
three hundred being taken from one suburb.
21. In a conference at Vienna, 5 to 13 September, representatives of the
Axis Powers end the countries bordering on the Dambe, except Russia, abolished
the Denube Commission and made temporary provision for control of traffic on
that river, ignoring British and French interests. Russia has called atten-
tion to the fact that, having occupied Besserabia, she is now a Danube Power
and has protested this action.
22. Russia is undoubtedly a restraining influence in the Balkans and the
Axis Powers have a wholesome fear of the trouble Russia might cause. Italian
officials have recently expressed the opinion that war between Germany and
Russia is inevitable in the not distant future. It is said that Russia has
informed Germany that she does not recognize the transfer of Transylvania
from Roumania to Hungary. Foreign correspondents in Rome have information
that Russia is now massing troops on the Hungarian border and will endeavor
to foment a revolution in Hungary, probably with success. This will give a
pretext to Germany to attack Russia. German officers have been giving inten-
sive training to selected Ukranian troops and will take control of the Rou-
manian any to oppose Russia. So say the correspondents.
23. Turkey definitely has been following a pacific policy and believes
that her best interests are with the British. Turkish officials have been
much encouraged by the ability of England to hold out against the German
bombing and threat of invasion. A smell proportion of Turkish Army Officers
would like to take the Dodekanese Islands away from Italy. Germeny has warned
Turkey of the danger of becoming isolated in the development of the new order
in Europe.
24. Spain has followed a non-belligerent course and has been under great
pressure to enter the war from both Germany end Italy. It is the general be-
lief that Franco wants to keep out of the war end give his country an oppor-
tunity to recover from the effects of the recent civil war but that Suner
would like to join the gxis. In the event of a Spanish attack on Gibraltar,
assisted by Germany and Italy, the harbor would be untenable and the British
fleet would have no base in the Western Mediterraneen. Italian ships and
planes would have bases in the Balearic Islands and along the Spanish coast.
Portugal would probably be unable to remain neutral. Action against Morocco
would be greatly simplified for the gxis Powers.
25. Several days ago the Spanish Minister of Interior and Foreign Affairs,
Suner, visited Berlin end he has remained in Germany. After seeing Suner, von
Ribbentrop came to Rome to confer with Mussolini and then returned to Berline (6)
where he is due to arrive today, and official circles in Rome are convinced
that a pact will be signed in Berlin bringing Spain into the war. Local pro-
pagande, which may or may not be accurate, is to the effect that Spain will join
the Axis as an active partner and will attack Gibralter. Very lfttle has leaked
out regarding the conversations between Ribbentrop and Mussolini but a high
official in the Ministry of Interior stated definitely that the Russian menace
was one of the subjects of conversation. The elimination of the British from
Africa is also believed to have been discussed. The Italian Press states that
after the Ribbentrop-Missolini conversations it is no longer possible to com-
promise with England and the war will be to a finish.
(*) New Ciano has gone to Berlin
-5-
N.A. Rome 516-40 of 27 Sept. 1940
25. About an hour ago the foreign correspondents were told to stand
by for an important announcement. At the same time it was learned that the
people have been told to stand by with Spanish and Japanese flags.
26. Although critical articles sometimes appear, the Press generally, for
many weeks, has been somewhat restrained in its attitude toward the United
States. The transfer of 50 destroyers in exchange for bases in British terri-
tory was presented as a sure indication that the British Empire is documed and
with remarkably little criticism of the United States. It was pointed out in
a few editorials that the United States is taking this opportunity to get
a share of the spoils.
27. Although Italy is financially, economically end militarily in any-
thing but good condition, that country, at the moment, enjoys e degree of
security and is even able to take the offensive for the simple reason that
her enemy, England, is unable to bring to bear respectable forces against
her while hard pressed at home and threatened with invasion. All potential
Allies of England must of necessity submit to axis pressure.
BECLASSIFIED
E. O, 11652, Sec. 3(E) and 5(D) or (R)
OSD letter, May, & 1972
Dr SLR
Date
MAY
2
1973
-6-
N. N. 1. N-INI
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial
616-40
Monograph Index Guide No. 907 102-100
(Start - aeries sach your, s. HA 3-40
(Ty with SUBJECT given below, lies o, N. L Indes Ouide
Make reparate report for each main title.)
From
T
at Home, italy
Date 14 Nov.
1940
(Whip, Beel, salt, office, station, of person)
(a) N.A. Rome's Report Serial 610-40 of 12 Nov. 1940.
Reference tbl N.A. Roue - 141310 of Nov, 1940 applicable)
Source
CONTACT
Evaluation Reliable.
(As official, personal observation, publications, pres, conversation with-identity
(As reliable, doubtful, unretted, etc.)
Subject ITALY-NAVY-OPE ATIONS. practicable, ITALY-POL. FORCES-PCLICY-FOREION
(Nation reported en) (Main title - per Indes guide) (Make separate report for each
1 I
enter careful summary of report, containing stated; Include Important facts, - pisces, dates, etc.)
SIGNOR "X"
The following itams wore received today from Signor THE
(1) In the attock on Taranto by the Floot Air Art. on Monday night, 11
November, the CAVOUR was 60 bodly demaged as to be c nsidered lost. The
LITTORIO end CESARE were 30 damaged es to require three months for repairs.
reports Use sign the the photosisting. tem last to port of original and original copies and of - retained and The copy of standard by reports only. Inches plain Submit white copies of prove for elippings, additional skatchés, pages. etc., when Forward practical. original Et and etc copies. Officers preparting towerting
practicalité, prepare statches miltable for
Details of other losses are not known. (2) Admiral Pugliese, former Jowish
head of the Italian Navel Engineer Corps, has been recalled to notive duty and
rank restored to rush salvage work me repairs on the ships damaged at Taranto.
(3) Referring to Molotov's visit to Berlin, Titler is offering to Russia control
of India, Persia, Turkey, the Dardanelles, Tibet and Sinking and agrees to give
military assistance to Russie in e war against Turkey. The reasons for these
offers, which will be made public if accepted, are (a) To lower British morale.
(b) To convince America of the futility of siding Pritain. (c) To cut off Rag-
land from the East (d) Most important, to weaken Russia in e war against Turkey.
(4) At the beginning of the Greek wer there were eight Itelian divisions in
Albania, seven of them on the Greek border. Two additional divisions have been
flown to Albania during the last few days. The situation of the Italian advanced
lines in Greece is desperate. (5) Two Italian convoys bound for Libya have been
held up at Bari and Neples for the last three days because of British forces
operating in the Central Mediterranean. (6) Lossolini insists that the offensive
in Eypt be renewed immediately but Craziani is unwilling to move until he re-
ceives additional supplies and equipment. (7) Gerwen heavy A.A. guns are being
sent to Naples in large numbers. (8) Mossolini is like a wild nen because of his
disappointment and anger over the set-back in Greece end the loss of Italian
ships at Taranto. (9) The Italian Intelligence Service in England has learned
that Rome will be bombed in the near future.
The gist of the above information was reported in reference (b).
DEC 18 1940
59
=
12
10
2
BECLASSIFIED
9
-
3
E. O. 11652, Sec. 3(E) and 5(D) or (E)
8
OSD letter, Mry, & 1972
5
By SLR
Date MAY 21.1973
OF
Distribution By Originator O.N.I. NAVAL RECEIVED INTELLIGENCE
Resting - below jar - - o, N. L Draw circle around unit or units (no shows e the distribution block below) to which this particulap-topy of this papert
has been ryluted for Inigrmation, for forther moting. or for refention. Indingle by check (i) - UM any the complete distribution of other of this regart. To
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M-IM
21555- u,
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
CONFIDENTIAL
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
408-1000
105-100
Serial
656-40
Monograph Index Guide No. 102-100/200
(Plant - arter - year, I-A, S-80
via SUBJECT gives below. for o. M. L Indes Guide
Male expirate report for - - side.)
From
I
at
Route, Italy. Date 15 Dec.
19.40
(Rhip, fleet, unit, district, office, station, or person)
Reference
(Directive, - previous related report, if applicable)
Source
Contacts
Evaluation
Indicated
CAs official, personal observation, when policitions, pres, - with-sdectify
CAS - destribed. generated.
PO TERS
Subject
TTALY-POL. - INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
(Nation reported -
(Main title - per Indes guide)
(Mabe separate report for -
enter careful numbery of report, containing mubetance montactly stated: indiode Important - - - dates, atc.)
CURRENT EVENTS AND COLLENT
6-13 DECEMBER, 1940.
(1) Italian War News: 300 fully londed tank cars reliebly reported to be
on sidings near new refinery Livorno. Reasons for delay in unlosding not known.
Stock for lubriceting oil said to be low but hydrogenetion plant expects commence
operations soon on 1/4th capacity.
Five German merchant ships said to be et Trieste in process of being armed.
800 large Certien transport plenes (similar to those used in Norway), reported
by source believed relishle, to have been flown to Itely during past week. Re-
ported that Italians will take over.
Reliable source seys Craziani now in Rome, to undergo operation for cancer
of throat.
Report, reliebility unknown, says forces in Itelian East Africa in desperate
situation due lack of food.
Many Certians in uniform seen in vicinity Dari.
Reliably learned that before General Pintor was killed in airplane. crash, he
had been offered Dedoclio's job but refused to accept.
Report that removal of Cavagnari ca e surprise oven to himself.
From fairly good source, Itelian air field et Rinini said taken over by
Certians.
Consul, Palermo, reports air activity over Palermo 2-3 December end reports
resentment of people to paste rationing and high prices of other foodstuffs.
Press emphasizes British gloom and opposition of America to giving of
financial aid, also plays up South America's indignation toward violation of
neutrality by British ships. Quotes Lord Lothian and Ambassador Kennedy as
being pessimistic about British victory.
(2) Italian Morale: Morale of people exceedingly low. Many "pep talk*
articles in press. Campaign afoot to prove Badoglio e traitor.
Redoglio's and De Vecchi's resignations have created a furor in Itely.
People of ell classes have confidence in Badoglio but question Cavallero's
honesty.
The Consul at Venice, 6 December, says there is much subversive end
defectist talk there. German end Italian sailors recently clashed in a cafe.
(3) Miscellaneous: the foreign correspondents invited to inspect warships
at Meples, American correspondents at first not invited. Included than at last
moment.
60
Distribution By Originator
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1
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has been routed for information, for further routing, or for Indicate by risection) on this opy the complete distribution of other pepies of report. To
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Mary
1972
PRINTICE
IFFICE
By SLR
Data
MAY
-1-
N.A. Rome No. 656-40 of 13 Dec. 1940
T - 656-40
Dutor that Clano will to relieved by Crandi and will 6° es Ambessador
to Japan.
Press, wirble to breg about Italian victories, emphasizes
American difficulties in economic relations with South America.
Press interprets Yugoslav Prine Minister's speech of 7 December
ES first step towards cooporation with Axis.
Foreign Maister Pulgarie denies secret treaty with Italy.
Pulgarians do not hold Itelian Any in high esteem.
ITALIAN MAR TES:
Date
From e source considered very reliable it is loarned that et present (9
OSD letter, May, & 1972
December) there is a large accumulation of tank cars on sidings in Livorno.
z. O. 11652, Sec. S(E) and (D) or (2)
KAND
It is estimated that about 300 such cars, fully loaded 11th crudo oil, are
waiting to be unlooded at the new A.N.I.C. plant. It lies impossible to escer-
tain the reason for the Coloy 11. unloading and releasing the tank cars, the
storage tenks boing far .rum full. The informant stated that e successful air
attack et this time would soriously disrupt Italy's oil transportation raci-
MAY 1978
lities. The Director of the now plant told a reliable contact OL 10 December
that there was very little stock for lubricating oil on hand but that they
expected to start up the new hydrogenation plant in about a week but added that
it night be necessary to run about one quarter copecity.
It was learned from a fair source on 9 December that there are at present
in Trieste 5 Certact merchant ships in the process of being erued.
From e source believed relishle it is locrned that during the past week, 800
Term transport planes, similar to those used for troops and parachutists in
Mousey, were flom to Itely by Certian pilots. It is understood that they have
best turnet over to the I -lians. Each plane is seid to have a capacity of C5
to 50 One observer counted fifty aviators at - Rone concert lest
December.
A reliable controt :.. been informed by a Italian doctor that Crezieni
to now 1:, - Rome hospital where he will undergo an operation, in the noxt Cew
dego, 0.2 sencer of the throet.
A report, relisbility unknown, has been heard that the Itelian forces in
It-lien Best Africa ere 1.. A desporate situation due to 1 ck of food. It is
said that they ord. hold out only = Cow days longer.
A contact reports Not utto e lot of document In 1 120m have recently
care In the vicinity of
Tron t. most relieble I 1101 scare, 11 1a that after Deloglio's
resignation, Ceneral Pintor res selected RO :1a mulief but he refused to
recept the position. I. All be recelled that General Pintor --- General
Pellagrino were recently killed in no airplane accident.
A your I.dia. substrine communitor the hes boon in e Rose hospital
under treatment for E foot injury and who is now under orders to CO to
Meddalent, Surilaia, stated to e reliable contact that Addrel
did not know that 1.0 WES to be custed until 1100 of the stive day time his
resignation was a nounced.
The Consul, Milan, stated on 12 December that he has learned, from e
source which he trusts, that the Italian air field at Rimini has been taken
over by the Comons.
2.0 C.nsul, Polemo, reported 7 December: (1) within 24 hours on 2-3
December there were 4 air raid alams but no hombe were dropped.
planos coming the the attack on Magles flew over the city. (2) The retioning
of Poste - 70 Jus per My per person - which began on 1 December has
cruse? strong resentment. A sicilien worker normally ents about 1000
per 0.6 1 reduction to 70 grans per day is intolerable to him, and the par-
ticularly es other erticles of food-stuffs are scarce and expensive
- 2 -
N.A. Rome No. 656-40 of 13 Dec. 1940
bread is of poor quality. (3) Ornanental from fences are being recoved in Sicily.
The Italian press emphasizes British (loon and the paucity of American
help, the bombing of London and the Midlands, the opposition of America to
financial aid to Britain and the indignation in South American countries at
the violation of neutrality by British ships. The press quotes Lord Lothian
es having stated that the British Floot is not equal to its tesk and Ambassador
Kennedy as believing that Dritain will not be able to resist the Axis. There
is clmost D complete lock of despatches from Italian correspondents at the
the fighting to the west of that point.
front. The loss of Sid1 Barrani is only tacitly admitted by statements regarding
2. ITALIAN MORALE:
May "pep talk" articles ere now appearing in the Italian press for the
purpose of bolstoring up morale which is exceedingly low. There is also
a compai on foot to discredit Bedoglio and prove him a traitor. Farinacci
continues his attack in the Regime Fascista on the military High Command,
meaning Bedoglio thout actually noming him. He says that someone who should
be keeping quiet is stating in the salons and tea rooms of Rome that ho did
not desire the Greek venture and that if it were to be undertaken he wanted
more divisions in Albania. Farinacci states nevertheless, that person did
assure the tesk and that it is childish to try to shift the responsibility
to political leaders. Gayda in his "pep talk" calls attention to the statement
that the British will now throw their full weight against Italy and suggests that
the reasons for this are (1) To reinforce the failing British spirit. (2) To
convince the U.S. of British strength and speed up the scanty help now being
received from America. (3) To undermine the nerve of the Italian people. He
cautions the people that the war will not be short or easy.
The resignation of Badoglio has created a furor in Italy. He is one of the
few nen in Italy in whom people of all classes have confidence. His relief,
Cavallero, is considered to be intelligent and able, but his honesty is seriously
questioned. The resignation of De Vecchi has edded to the confusion.
The Consul, Venice, reports 6 December, that anti-Fascists are now more
willing to talk then in the past and there is much subversive talk. Some of
than say "Let the Greeks win; then even if Germany does come into Italy it
may be the meens of getting rid of the present Government". German and
Itelian sailors have recently had a cleah in a cafe and were separated by
the police.
3. MISCELLANEOUS:
The the foreign journelists were invited on the tour of inspection of the
ships at Neples which had been in the engagement south of Sardinia (N.A. Serial
649-40) it was decided that the American journalists would be excluded as
the U.S. was thought to be in the category of "non-belligerent" instead of
"neutral". However, a few hours before the departure of the party from Rome,
the Ministry of Popular Culture changed their mind and decided it would be
better to include them also. Three American correspondents made the trip:
Associated Press, United Press and the International News Service.
A rumor is still going around that Cièno will scon be replaced by Grandi.
The rumor now has it that Ciano will be sent as Ambassador to Japan.
The Itelian Press, lacking anything to bree about in the Creek situation,
gives prominence to American nows, emphasizing opposition of the U.S. to finan-
cial aid to Britain, the alleged efforts of the U.S. to establish en economic
Monroe Doctrine, and the opposition in South America to these afforts.
The speech delivered by the Theoslev Printo Minister, Ovetitovic, on 7
December, Les been interpreted by the Italian press to :-a the first stop in
preparing BECAUSIHED Public Opinion for the cooperation of Yu_oslnvie with the Axis.
& a 1165% See 1(E) and (D) of (B)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
- 5 -
Ry SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
N. A. Rone No. 656-40 of 13 Dec. 1940
From Sofia, 10 December, it is loarned that the Foreign Minister
states definitely that there is no truth in the rumor of e secret military
pact betwoen Bulgerie and Italy. In the first place, Bulgarians have a
low opinion of the It : lind any. The British Minister believes that there
is no such poot.
Hillar's speech has been prominently featured by the Italian press
oser refers to the Axin claims for vital space and states that victory
will rfect colleboration of eras and labor.
DECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, See. S(E) and 5(D) of (E)
OSD letter. May. to 1972 MAY g : 1973
By SLR
Date
- 4 -
N. N. 96-IN0
ISSUED BY THE INTELLI NCE DIVISION
21555-V
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
c-9-e
CONFIDENTIAL
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial 13-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 102-100/200 103-100
(Start new series each year, 1-6, 3-40)
City with SUBJECT gives below. fies 0. N. 1. Index Ouide.
Malks expensive report kr sech main uide.)
From
T
at Rase, Italy
Date 3 Janu ry,
1941
(Rhip, Beet, salt, district, after, station, or person)
Reference
(Directive, correspondence, provings related report, etc. If applicable)
Source CONTACTS
Evaluation
INDICATED
CAR official, personal observation, publications, pres.
(As reliable, doubtai, unvertised, Mr.)
who practicable, etc.)
Subject POTERS/ITALY - POL. FORCES POLICY-FOREIGN/DCIEST. / INT. RELATIONS.
(Nation reported en) (Main title - per Index guide) (Subtities) (Make separate report for each title)
enter careful summary of report, containing substance succisotly stated; Include Important facts, names, places, dates, etc.)
CURRENT EVENTS AND COLLIENT
27 DEC.-S JAN. 1941.
(1) Italian War Nows: Battleship Doria reported undergoing repairs due
structural damage after test firing.
Italian aviators observed going by train from Messina to Trieste, 30 December.
de Das this the form last to of original and copies and of page and standard . by 13 inches plain while paper for additional pages. Forward original If and six expies. Officers preparing and those lowarding
practicable, propare sketches miltable for Morprinting
Consul, Palermo, 30 December, says men-of-war there always 80 to sea at night
to avoid night bombing attacks. During day, nosted close together inside see-wall
and along quay. Sometimes troop-ships load at Palermo.
Major of Carabinieri says Graziani sent plane Berdia to take out General but
he refused to go. Also says 1200 Rome Carabinieri sent Albania. Intimated reason
sario C.6 at time of "Caporetto".
I I I i
American Minister Belgrade was informed in Florence that Italian Aviators
being trained to bomb Vatican in case Rome is bombed, to throw blame on British.
Minister of Agriculture regulating food control. Decree says no shortage
and threatens with death anyone withholding food-stuffs to regulate prices.
Decree believed to be an admission of serious situation. Known food shortage in many
cities, mainly Sicily. Probable causes: sending food to Cermany, hoarding by wealthy
and lack of sufficient transportetion.
Consul, Palermo, gives details of discontent among Sicilians, believes they
will not endure much longer without open protest against living conditions.
Italian prisoners (Regular Anny) in Scypt said to receive excellent treatment
in contrast to that of blackshirt prisoners.
retained or 1 1 I that I I I
(2) German Troops in Itely: Many rumors during pest few weeks of presence of
Gernian troops in Itely but efforts to check have boun nogative. Many specialists
known to be here and many movements observed.
(5) Attitude of Italian Press: quotes American correspondent's despatch on
28 Docember saying "isolationism" increasing in U.S. Says proposed confiscation
and turning over to Britich of Certion and Italian shipping in U.S. would be cct of
war.
Press showing renewed interest in American nows, particularly aid to Britein
and "Keep out of war propagands". Resents serceatic attitude of American press
regording Italy's actions. Turin Stampa threatens U.S. if she toes too far, saying
England would have already surrendered if U.S. had not aided her.
Farinacci denies internal troubles in Italy but admits Itelian reverses by
saying Italy will stage e come-back.
Gayda, followed by rest of press comments on President Roosovelt's speech;
(1) Nothing new (2) U.S. now in "short of war* status. (3) Sending U.S. ships to
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
-1-
61
I
Resting - below for - in O.N.L Draw circle around unit or units ( shows on the distabution block belon) to which this particalar copy of die moyt
has been gibled for inligination, for further noting. or for registion. Indicate by check on - LAS copy the distribution of other of shippiport. To
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973
By SLR
Date
M.A.T
PRINTING
-
-148
-1-
IDENTIAD
CONFIDENTIAL T-13-41 Jan.3, 1941
England or Ireland or taking over German and Italian ships in
U.S. for delivery to British would be "open intervention". (6) If
U.S. exceeds "tolerable limits", Axis will act thus causing U.S.-
/
Japanese war. (5) Tripartite Ptct not threatening to U.S., on
contrary Monroe Doctrine respected. (6) Britain not fighting for
professed ideals (7) U.S. making error in essuming to Judge European
policies. (8) U.S. aid will be total loss for England cannot win.
(9) U.S. attitude tied up with Jewish question.
Press severely criticizes Portuguese press for "servile" attitude
toward England.
(4) Miscellaneous:
Undersecretery of Foreign Affairs, Athens, 14 December, dis-
cusses Hungerian-Yugoslav Pact and gives interesting beliefs regard-
ing Balkans.
President's speech of 29 December has made profound impression
in Official circles Rome. Believe it will make Hitler speed up his
plans.
Italians, when Ambassador Phillip's return was first ennounced,
considered it a good sign. After the President's speech, some think
he is returning to deliver ultimatum.
1. ITALIAN WAR NEWS:
A report, reliability unknown, seys that the reason for the DORIA being
in Venice for repairs 1e that demage was done to the Structure of the ship
when her large guns were fired after modernization.
trainload of Italian eviators was observed 20 December going from
l'essina to Trieste. One of the aviators said he expected to go further,
presumably to Albania.
The Consul, Palermo, stated on 30 December, that the Len-of-wer based
on Pelermo go to sea every night and return in the norning in order to avoid
night bombing attacks. In the day time there ero often as many as 30 ships
noored close together inside the sea well and along the quay. Occasionally
troop ships load with troops at Palermo.
From a Major of Carabiniere it vas learned that Craziani had sent a small
sirplene into the besieged area of Bardia to take away the Italian General
commanding the garrison. The general refused to leave. From the same source
it was learned that 1200 Carabinieri, from the Rome district elone, had been
sent to Albania. When asked the reason for this he said "Thy were they sent
to Ceporetto".
The American Minister to Belgrade, while on leave in Florence, was in-
formed that a group of Itelian aviators were being trained to bonb the
Vatican City, if Rome is bombed, and thus to throw the blame on the British.
Food control has now been placed under the Minister of Agriculture and
Forests. The decree states that there need be no concern about shortage of
food and provides the death penalty for withholding from the market to create
scarcity or a rise in price of widely used foodstuffs.
Centrulization of food control under the Ministry of Agriculture and
Forests is believed to be en admission of a serious situation. It is known
to be serious in Sicily and a number'of cities on the usinland. In Rome
lines are formed to buy pasta, rice, olive oil and carbon for cooking, end
after long waits those in line are told that there is no more. Staall shop-
keepers say that the shortage is due to exportation of foods to Teruany.
Other factors are the hoarding of food by wealthy people and the break-down
of the distribution system due to the use of the railways for military purposes.
BEDUSSIFIED
& O. 11662, Sec. 3(K) and 5(D) or (R)
OSD letter, - 1972
Date
MAY
21/19/3
By SLR
- 2 -
CONFIDENTIAL T-13-41 of Jan. 3, 1941
The Consul, Palerno, Solioves that the people of Sicily will not endure
puch longer without open protest against the conditions under which they are
117146* The poor people are barely existing, if not actually starving. Food
hocodes scorcer and scarcer and meat and fish have elmost disappeared from the
List of everyone. When a horse dies in the street, es many are doing from
stervation, it's carcess is imediately dragged eary, cut up and distributed
to the poor. Maceroni and rice are difficultio obtain oven in the small quan-
tity allowed by the retion. Lest week there was e shortage of bread due to
delay in the consignment of flour and yesst. Women weit in line 5 or 5 hours
to receive e small ration of bread. The shortage of food in Sicily is more
acute then elsewhere in Itely end this is believed to be due to the chipment
of the produce of Sicily to Germany. A revolt by et.y but the anued forces is
not probable as the people are unermed and incepable of taking any ection.
There is a story to the offect that in Boypt Itelian priconers of the
Regular Amy are trented extremely well in contrast to the treatment or the
blockshirt prisoners.
2. GERMAN TROOPS IN ITALY:
Mirts to check rumors of the presence of Gertion troops in Itely during
the past few weeks have been negative. It is known that there are large
numbers of specialists in Italy, that Certify is providing certain material
assistance to Itely, Italian troops are being transported to Albenia in Terman
transport planes (the stime ones that were used in Norway), about 1000 Terman
trucks are essembled at Trieste, and it has been rumored there that a German
division equipped for tropical duty will arrive soon, but nothing has been
5493 or it. 19 German merchant ships in Trieste have been fully commissioned
with Germen crews. A large number of Cerman bombers were reported to have erri-
ved et Trieste some time mgo, but these probably were the transport planes
referred to above. 3 or 4 weeks & there were said to be two squadrons
of Stukes in Sicily and it is believed now that more have arrived. It is
sold'that there are four or five hundred German eviators in the Pari area
(probably in connection with the transport planes). In the past it has been
reported that A.A. batteries of German make were being installed at Trieste
end Noples. Now we have e report of a train load of A.A. artillery, with
crows, seen at Bologna. (it is not improbable that Germay will use the
present Italian situation ES en opportunity to prove material as was done
in Spain).
A Cermen, just arrived in Italy from Berlin, stated that on 27 December
at Bologne he saw a trainload of A.A. artillery accompanied by Certian troops
presumably to nen these batteries.
The Consul, Pelerno, reports 22-30 December (1) A relisble informant
states that there are about 50 Ger an planes and 200 aviation personnel in
Sicily now and many moro are expected in January. The Ville Igea will be
used as quarters for the officers. (2) Thore'ere rumors of altercations
between Comen and Itelian officers. (3) It is possible that Cervian planes
-nd personnel are in Sicily to release Italian planes and personnel for
service in Albania, large numbers of the letter having left Sicily for the
attack on Greece. On the other hand, the Cerman planes ELG personnel may be
enroute to Libya. (4) German troops and equipment have been passing through
Pulermo by rail from Mossine towards Trapani steadily for the past week. On
39 December 2 long trainloads of motor vehicles end supplies, with Certian
attendants in charge, were observed between Palermo end Messina headed west-
ward. The motor vehicles were numbered with en identification number and the
letters If L. The railway rolling stock was German.
The Consul, Florence, reports that on 26 December 5 cars of German troops
and 10 cars of trucks passed through the city headed towards the south.
Baron Berraco, who owns a large estate below Cosenza "on the sea", pre-
sumarly the Ionian, said that recently some of his laborers have been borrowed
by German air units who are constructing a base nearby.
BECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, See ME) and 5(D) or (II)
- 3 -
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 1973
CONFIDENTIAL T-13-41 of Jan. 3, 1941.
:. ATTITUDE 07 TTALIA P:ESS:
The Itelian press published a despatch on 23 December from American corre-
spondent, anying that isolotionism is increasing in America. He says that the
proposed confiscation and turning over to the British of German and Italian
shipping in American ports would be an not of war. The despatch also says that
150 prominent Americans have signed a petition to the President to take steps
which would insure en Axis victory.
2.0 Italian [Cass shows a renewed interest in American news, particularly
the aid to Pritain and the "keep out of war" propaganda. It shows considerable
resentment et the sercestic ettitude of the American press towards all Italian
actions. To Arin Stanpa says that England would have surrendered by this
*** Led it not book for American cid. If America Joes too far the Axis forces
will be forced to not and assics, through pride, will accept the war.
Farinecci in a speech donied internal troubles in Itely and called for
Missing out the cockroaches from the corners". He anid that reinforcements
.re boing sent end Itely will stage. e come-back from its reverses.
Goyda vas the first to callent on the President's speech and on 31 December
all the press joined in. The gist of the coments are (1) Nothing new in the
special. (c) Americe has progressed from neutral to non-belligerent to "short
of ver" status. (:) To send American ships to England or Irelend or to turn
over to the Pritish the Certian me Italian ships in America would's "open
intervention". (4) If America goes beyond "tolerable limits" Axis forces
will have to not and that will autantically involve America in the war with
Japan. (5) Tast the Tripartite Pact does not threaten America. On the con-
trary it recognizes and respects the Monroe Doctrine and recognizes the
destiny of the United States to replace Dritain in the Testern Hemisphere.
(6) Tritein in fighting for her Empire and the Verseilles system, not for
hor professed ideals. (7) The U.S. is unking a grave error in assuming to
Juige European polities. (8) Britain connot win and all aid sent by the U.S.
will Le c total loss. (9) Farinacci says that the ettitude of the U.S. is
inevitably tied up with the Jewish question.
The Itelian press is severely critical of the "servile" attitude of the
Portuguese press towards England.
4. MISCELLANDOUS:
An Itelian women, just returned from the French Riviera where she has been
to look out for hor financial interests says that the French have "lost their
sense of humor" in regard to the war. Some of her former friends would have
nothing to do with her.
Tran Athens, 14 December, the Undersecretary for Foreign Affiers states
that the crien-Yugoslav Pact is an anti-Soviet nove on the part of Germany
to counterect the _cins made by Russia in the Balkans, particularly at Sofie.
Eg believes that any Gertan attack on Greece will not comé through Yugoslavia.
The rumor of e Turko-Dul sarian Pact is probably not correct as Turkey will not
sign any agreement that re, uires the removal of Turkish troops from Thrace.
le said that the Greek advance into Albania had been slowed down partly by the
Italians ad partly by the weather, but that Creece still retained the initia-
tive end had high morale. The Greeks have been held in the north but in the
south are ondenvoring to turn the Klissoura defile south of Valona.
The President's speech on 29 December has made a profound impression in
official circles in Rome. It is generally thought that the consequences will
be acceleration of plans on the part of Hitler.
The ennounced return of Ambassador Phillips to Rome vas considered by
Italians to be a good sign. After the President's speech sale believe that
Mr. Phillips is returning to Roue to deliver.an ultimatum.
BECLASSIFIES
E. O. 11652, Sec. (E) and 5(D) of (E)
OSD letter, May, 5, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
4
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
23132
NAVY DEPARTMENT
CONFIDENTIAL
A-1-2
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
FFR
1003-200
Serial 17-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 1004 1005
(Hart new series sech you. 14), HI
(7) via SUBJECT gives below. Bee 0. N. L Index Guide
Make reparate report for each nail title.)
T
From
at Rome, Italy Date 7 January, 1941
(Hhip, Seet, walt, diatriet, office, station, or person)
Reference
(Directive, correspondence, previous related report, etc. If applicable)
Source
Contacts
Evaluation Reliable
(As official, personal observation, when publications, pose, conversation with-bleatify
(As reliable, doubtul, unvertised, etc.)
Subject
ITALY-AVIATION-U
Ma)
TTALY-AVIATION-OPERATIONS /
(Nation reported em)
(Main
title
M
per
Index
guide)
(Rubtities)
(Make expensis report for each una)
reports De sign this the form last for page of - and original copies and of - retained and Die copy of standard by reporte only. taches plain Febmit while copteis of paper for clippings, additional sketches, pages. etc., when Forward practical. original If and als exples. Officers preparing and them knowling
practicable, prepare sketches minable for bloeprinting
enter oursid summary of report, containing substance monthly stated; include Important facts, name, places, dates, etc.)
ITEMS FROM COLIVERSATION WITH AIR FORCE LISUTERANT COLONEL AND LIBUTENANT
NAVAL CONSTRUCTOR.
1. At Taranto "Littorio" hit by torpedo which destroyed plotting-room; in
inner basin end subsequently drew too much water for channel; present location
not stated but repairs progressing in floating dry-dock or cofferdam; instruments
from new construction; expected completion 31 March, 1941.
2. Italian air force praise and admiration for British gallantry at Taranto;
sense of inferiority relative to R.A.F. Special courtesies to R.A.F. prisoners.
Lack of similar feeling toward Germans.
3. Responsibility for Turanto: Placed on spies, of whom 6 shot; not admit-
ted in other quarters. Now claim security, edmit no fault, remain mentally
open for repetition of surprise.
4. Separate reports on: aircraft torpedoes, banbsi_ht and bombing, night
flying.
5. Interest shown without enthusiesu in Consol. 3-24; consider 4-motor
bombers too big. 4-motor Itelian prototype claimed satisfactory but opposed
by Air Force. Preference for 2 or 3-motor bombers, 3 because of likely engine
failure.
6. Castor-oil used widely as lubricant; reasons given are obviously making
best of bad situation.
7. No lubricating oil refinery now in Itely. Plant in Haples bombed a
month ago. New plant at Livorno behind construction schedule; separate report.
8. Politics. Air Force loyal to King rather than to Duce; Anny the same.
Civil disturbance considered unlikely for reasons given. Fascist troops now
re-collected in homogeneous units, sign of anticipated need of loyal fascist
forces. Army and Air Force would support King, the sooner the better.
9. Bullet-proof fuel tanks in all plenes. Many materials tested; impreg-
nated fiber used; partly satisfactory. Apprehension of tank-explosions; refer-
ence to CO₂ system of evoiding explosive mixture in tank.
10. Pilot nimor general; detechable curved steel seat and back, one-piece,
protecting from engles beyond 30° to rear.
11. No anti-aircraft bombing; claim made that it is developed and can be
used if wanted.
12. Confidence in superiority of VF over VB regardless of gun-power of VB;
grows perhaps from events in Libya and Spain. Rule: 1 VF per VB; more VF get
in the way. VF escort depends on size of expected resistance learned from
spies.
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
Resting apare below jor - o, K. L Draw circle argand salt or units (as stows 06 the distribution Nock beligit) to which this particylar copy of Mile report
has besignouted for fination, for further routing, or for Rention. Indicate by checkly) on DE eopy the complete distribution of other of this Sport. To
show regiting not provided for on this form, use bank boyes.
F-10
No.
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Op.-18/11
Op-II
Op-13
06-11
Op-20
Op-21
Op-21
Op-D
Op-20
1
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-1-
T-17-41 of Jan. 7, 1941
T-17-41
15. Prefer liquid-cooled engines. Interest in reported high-
power U.S. twin-row redials. Italians have trouble in rear-row cool-
ing, run engines at low power, end suspect them.
14. No information on Navel Air Am; attitude approaches contempt
as for uxorious incompetents.
15. Tale of delivery of ceptured British Tlenheim from Pantelleria
to Guidonia where it corriands great interest. Lack of material at
Pantelleria reduces its value as e. base; chief use as check on navi-
gation.
16. From other sources:
(a) "Bari", flegship of Maircl Tur, nt Ancona since Taranto.
Other units not 'clown.
(b) Noval concentration at Le Specia rusered to presage descent on
Corsica; possibly on Mico.
(c) Italian troops, juns, motorcycles moving south.
(d) Food scarce in Livorno. Ment markets open one-half day. a
weak and then cannot met demand. Coal, when found, $35.00 a ton.
(e) Early rationing in Ethiopia lax; now severe 08 reserves are
10w; situation serious but not critical.
The following items are from e conversation with a Lisutenant-Colonel of
the Italian Air Force who is a bombardment group commander, and e lieutenant noval
constructor.
1. A: Terento the "Littorio" was hit fully muidships with e torpedo which
ponetrated "tis three skins and destroyed the plotting-room. The ship was in
the 1.0.00 besin of after being hit drew too souch water to be moved out through
the channel. Though it we not said where she is now, it was anid that she is
in e towed dry-dook, 1. emprossion which in Itelian could moon pontoons and e
coffer-den. Plotting-room instruments end equipment are being replaced with
interial on hand for now construction. It is expected that she will be back in
commission shout the end of "arch, 1941.
2. The Italians have n/ express only the highest praise for the conception
and execution of the Taranto attack. Particular emphasis is put on the "chivalrous
Sallentry* of the British pilots in coming in in derimess at high speed and very
low eltitude to point-blank range. This feeling toward Muglish eviators is caid
to be general throughout the Italian air Force and in citing examples the Italians
insivertently edmit their own deficiencies in neterial and technique, though never
in sallentry, and show e general sense of inferiority in comperison with the R.A.F.
This edmiration is shown also in the treatment of Tritish prisoners who, the Ital-
inns say, even have coffee, sugar, tea, and white flour when the Italian Officers'
Dosses have the standard ermy ration. A special effort based on "noblesse oblige*
in made to treat R.A.F. prisoners well, as "they are probably gentlemen. Any
such feeling toward Terman officers or pilots was denied with scorn.
3. The responsibility for the Taranto opportunity is pleced outirely on
vies, six of whom from Taranto were said to have been shot. Those executions,
the Italians feel, completely obviate the possibility of the repetition of such
- surprise, as no shadow of responsibility is admitted in other quarters. Whether
they are as sure of their present security as they declared, 16 doubted, but their
pride would not let them edmit any major fault in their own command, and conse-
quently they are montally open to other Terentos.
4. Separate reports are being submitted ons (a) The Italian Aircraft Torpedo
and torpedo-launching technique; (b) the bombsight and bombing procedure; (c)
night flying lights, formations, procedure, and technique.
E. O. BECLASSIPIED 11652, - 2(F) and 5(D) 1972 off (1)
OSD letter. you Date & MAY 2 1973
THE
20g SIR
- 2 -
CORD
T-17-41 of Jan. 7, 1941
5. The Consolidated 3-24 shown in "Time" was regarded with interest but
without anthusiam. They say that the big 4-motor bonber puts too many 0688
in one basket since a large plane is ever. easier to shoot down than e small one.
20 presence of e 4-motor bomber prototype at the Cuidonia proving field was
confirmed, but it was added that the opinion of the Air Force is against it as
e type, although this one plane is satisfactory. A sweeping preference was
expressed for two-engine bombers, possibly three-engine since there is no
entirely satisfactory Italian engine over 1000 h.p.
6. Castor oil is widely used as a lubricant even in high-performance
motors, though most of the reasons given seemed to be with the attitude of
making the best of a bad situation. Among them were the fact that the higher
flash-point of castor oil makes fire less likely to result from a bullet-hit.
The sale statement WES used in defense of the use of low-octane fuels. The
relative immiscibility of castor-oil with gasoline was also pointed out as
fevorable to engine life.
7. The fact is that there is no refinery in Italy now making lubricating
oil. When Maples was bombed about one month ago, the lubricating oil plant there
was put out of cormission. The new plant at Livorno 1s the best hope, but that
did not meet Mussolini's order to be ready to produce lubricating oil on 1
January, 1941. A separate report is being written on the Livorno plant.
8. In discussing politics the Italians were asked what would happen if
the King went out on the balcony of his palace and addressed the crowd in
terms of: Mussolini, stop! You have done enough. I an the King". The
reply was that the Air Force owes its allegiance to the King end that the
Army feels the same. The possibility of civil riots was discounted because
of the loyalty of the people to the King, the dissatisfection emong ell classes
with the wer end the foreign policies that produced it, the despair of business-
men in seeing their establishments ruined beyond hope of repair, and the sympa-
thy. of all police, except Fascists, with the people. The reorgenization of
Fascist troops in the Army into homogeneous units, instead of the Pleckshirts
being scattered throughout all units as et first, was pointed out as official
recognition of the regine's possible need of relieble forces. The sense of the
talk was that both the Air Force end the regular ATTO would support the King,
and the sooner they have the chence, the better.
9. Bullet-proof fuel tanks are standard in all planes. Very extensive
tests were made at Guidonia using layers of coiled wire, spun glass, 5-ply
plexigless, steel balls, silk, fibre, resins, plastics, N.C many other substan-
008. Finally the material adopted was a loose fibre impregnated with e thick
petroloum tar, slowly soluble in gesoline but which swells at once on contact
with the fuel. It is not very satisfectory but does in many cases pormit the
pilot to Let home. More apprehension was expressed for explosions of partly
enpty ten'ts causel by a millet through the mixture of air and fuel funes above
the liquid. A system of replacing fuel volume with carbon-dioxide at atmos-
pheric pressure instead of air was mentioned as a means of avoiding en explosive
mixture 11. the tank, but the subject was quickly dropped and it is not known
dether the system is sctually in use.
10. Pilot ermor is general in all types. The usual form is a detachable
curved seat and back, extending from under the pilot's latees to above his
shoulders :1th an extension back of his heat. The sides curve in in such a
way ns to protect him from anything more than thirty degrees to the rear.
Weight is saved by an opening in the bulge into which the standard back-pack
parachute fits.
11. There was nothing on anti-sircraft bombing, except the statement that
it has been experimented with and can be used if night pursuit and combat work
is undertaken.
BECLASSIED
:(f)
end
5(D)
or
(E)
E O. 11602.
08D with 4 1972
- 3 -
D7 SLR
Date MAY 2
T-17-41 of Jan. 7, 1941
12. High confidence in the superiority of fighters over bambers was ex-
pressed, regardless of the number of guns on the bombers. This may have been
it was also supported by events in Spain. One fighter per enemy bomber was said
the reaction to Italian bombers' experience with British fighters recently, but
to be enough, more fighters merely getting in each other's way. Fighter escort
serit with Italian bombers depends in numbers not on the size of the bombing
group lut on the expocted resistance, which, the Italians said, their information
service enables them to estimate very closely.
13. Preference in all types of planes was expressed for liquid cooled
engines. The only draw-backs seen are the danger involved in a punctured
radiator and the additional maintenance. Great interest was shown in "Time's"
report of e 2,000 to 2,200 h.p. twin-row redial air-cooled engine. Cooling
trouble in the rear row has prevented Italian twin-row air-cooled engines from
being completely successful and present air-cooled motors are regarded with
suspicion by pilots and as far as possible operated at low power.
14. No knowledge of the activities of the Neval Air Arti was admitted. The
attitude toward it was one bordering on contempt as of a uxorious group whose
chief interest is in their wives. Ship-board pilots are held in low esteem
professionally, all scouting and naval cooperation being done by Air Force
land or seoplanes, and, from the observations of this office, not very well.
15. The conversation tapered off into the lengthy relation of the ex-
perience of the bombing pilot in taking a captured British Flenheim from
Pentelleria to Guidonia. Pantelleric has served as 8 refueling and rearming
base for patrol and bo bing planes operating in the Streits of Sicily but has
been chiefly Valuable, on account of the shortage there of supplies, as e check
on navigation. A glance at the map of these restricted waters will show what
a telling admission in rogard to Italian air navigation this remark was. A
Elenhein from England landed at Pantelleria in perfect condition out of fuel.
The Italian was given enough fuel to reach Catania and sent off at once. His
unfamiliarity with controls and gauges nearly put him into the sea on the take-
off but he finally reached Catania after an adventureome flight only to be re-
ceived by anti-aircraft fire and attack by Italian fighter patrol. His landing
was safe, thanks to the ineffectiveness of the defense, and while the plane
was being serviced he painted out the British insignia. An escort of five
fighters took him part way to Guidonie, but there he again landed through A.A.
fire unhit. The plane intact is now the object of intense study and test by
Itelian engineers.
16. From other sources:
(a) The"Bari", flegship of Admirel Tur, is at Ancone since the Taranto
incident. What other neval units are there is not known.
(b) A navel officer's wife, recently moved to La Spezia when her husband
went there, says that a considerable concentration there is believed to be in
preparation for a descent on Corsica. From this office's point of view, it might
be in conjunction with the rumored irminent occupation of Nice.
(c) Two trainloads of 12-15 cars each of Itelian troops, motorcycles, and
mobile A.A. guns were seen on 1 January north of Rome, headed south.
(a) The food situation in Livorné is very bed. Though mont can be sold
two days a week, the markets open only one-helf day weekly because of lack of
meat. A men who bought about six pounds et once was beset ed reviled by the
crowd for taking no much just because he hed the money to pay for it and for
leaving 80 little to the people who could afford only : few ounces et 6 time.
The market-man seid his shop would not he open optn for eight drys end then
for only half the day. The wife of no officer n° No nevel academy opened e
prokage on the stroot-cer ad began number_ a pieco of poor-purlity black bread,
spologizing that che hat not eaten alice the any before dosporately
hungry, that the piece of brand wes her sool for the day, no mont. A tan of
Riglish coal four! mid b.ught by all verioan cost $05.00 and was negotisted
for outside the low n/ retioning restrictions.
RECLASSIFIED
E. O, 11652, Sec. 3(E) and 5(D) or (I)
OSD lutter, May, & 1972
By SLR
Date MNK (343)
- 4
C
T-17-41 of Jan. 7, 1941
CO
(e) The son of the Vice-Covernor of Ethiopis said that et first but little
attention WAS paid to rationing in Ethiopis, confidence being felt in the con-
tinued future arrivel of supplies. Now food rationing there is extremely strict;
the ration-controller being referred to as "The Dictator"; and the allowed Tuan-
tities being very small. Food reserves are. so stall es to make the situation
serious, though not yet critical.
BECLASSIFIED
E. a 11652, OSD Sec. 3(E) and 5(1)) OF (3)
Ity SLR
letter, May, & 1972
Date
MAY 21 1973
- 5 -
N.
1
21555-V
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
c-9-e
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial 25-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 102-100/200 103-100
(Ren - error each year. a. 1-62, 3-49
(7) mempond with SUBJECT gives below, fee 0, N. L. Indes Cruide,
Make report ke each main 12de.)
From
E+
at June, Isaly
Date 10 Jan.
19.41
(Rep. Best, unit, district, office, station, or person)
Reference
(Directive, rorrespondence, previous related report, etc. If applicable)
Source
CONTACTS
Evaluation AS INDICATED
(As official, personal observation, publications, pres. conversation with-sleatify
(As reliable, doubtful, unvertied, etc.)
Subject IT. RELATIONS.
(Nation reported on) (Main title - per Index guide) (Aubtities) (Make separate report for each title)
enter oursid summary of report, containing substance stated, Include Important facta, names, planes, dates, etc.)
CURRENT EVENTS AD CALENT
3 - 10 JANUaRY 1941
(1) Italian War Newst Consul Milan says all classes are depressed by dismissal
Bedoglio and Italian reverses. Fascist endenvors discredit Badoglio not successful.
Air reid of 19 December desaged two spartments and 9 decths.
- DATE original and retained and standard by 13 locher plain while copies of paper elippings, additional sketzbes, pages. de, Forward original If and ats practicalité, prepare Others skatches propering and valtable for -
General Stoff Rone refuses responsibility for events if whispering compaign
against Undoglio continues.
Consul, Trieste, on 3 Jenuary gave mumber of Italian troops in Trieste
Ares. Reports 150 of the trucks concentrated there have left on Italian steam-
ors for Sen. Movemi 11 Modus. Thinks Yugoslavia Leve permission trensit
Tugoslev waters. Delgrade reports 31 December that Yugoslevie refused creat
partission to cond the 1000 trucks at Triesto overland to Albenie.
onlys
Consul, Maplos, discusses cir reid there on 29 December giving casualties.
Reports new system of A.A. defense for Noples, using planes. Morale
low =1 _ives exceples.
Consul, Conos, 2 January, reports troops and equipment being concentrated
noor Tranch border. Attack on Nice remored.
Consul, Miler, 2 Jenuary, -180 reports rumor of Italian roops under
Genoral Ceriboldi planning ottock on Nice about 15 Jenuary.
Reliable source reports poison gas (phoagene?) being transferred from hills
near Guidonia to Southern Itely.
Any Colonel of Ceneral Staff states Itely's present tenics in Libya are
obsolate. New type soing into production With month (Jenuery).
Certain canals in Tenice reported closed : for 75 days due eir
reid = December.
Civilians fem Valing loss no May ero begining to realize Dritish bootb
Bie copy of reporta only.
only :1110 =/ objectives.
Fundlios receiving lotters 20 soldiors 1n Albanic complaining of leck of
food end clothing. Letters apporontly -110001 prot collor.
Transports nd ascort vascels accounting Le Spoult, m.s supodition
egainst Copsion pleaned.
Foot in Ethiopic Lotting very scorce.
(2) Company Troops not Planot in Itely: May rusers continue to COLLA in 10-
carding GOLD troops of _lanes driving in Itd. However, from C. encellent
source it In lorrned 12 : no Comman trucys n20 present with exception Terman planes
and pilots. This air force is said to be completely self-sustaining with own ground
crews, A.A. batteries, sool, Cosoline, atc. Ton't :dthout crews being loaned Itely.
Distribution By Originator O.H.I.
-1-
photostating.
Restling - below for - la o. N. L Draw circle and unit or - (as shows ge the distribution Mock below) which this particider any of Shile report
has been riguted for integration, for further muling, or for resention. Indique by check 07) check - Shiptopy the complete of other of transport. To
show rought not provided for on this sgain, um blank boself.
I
Bedget
Gas't
Sex, Nov.
[
OF.
Yes
Op-18
1
1
Fife
M.I.D.
N.O.
Nov.
Ord.
R&A
U.S.M.C.
C&C
M.A.S.
Com.
Cap.
ChC
Am
Con
T.A.D.
CAR
las.
Com
U.S.
M.Fe.
Fer.
A.F.
Sparms,
you
F.A.T.U.
+
Op-M/11
Op-11
0p-13
Op-11
Op-20
Op-21
Op-II
Op-23
Op-20
Op-20
-
Case
Martine
6
-
P
04
DECLASSIFIED
Rev to
Aare
E.O.
11652,
Ben
3(F)
and
S(D)
T
Room Ma.
of
1
OSD letter, May, 1972 - OFFICE -
11
By SLR
Date
MAY
2
-1-
L
T-25 of Jan.10,1941
CONFIDI
T-05-11
A relieble sure says the Cert.cn Air "lese under construction in
Calebrie (N.A. 15-41) is located in the outskirts of Crotone.
(:) Miscelleneous: Italian shopkeeper quotes wife of Contan
Official ns anying "No lost lest war because of mustrie,
we'll probebly loss this 010 because of Italy".
Prom "orlin, 26 Dec., 1t is loarned that.Creek Minister approached
by Outstions with suggestion Croece ask Germany to intercede for peace.
Supestion refused.
Minister of War, Yugoslevia, apprehensive due fact Creek submarine
sank Italian oiler 1t. Yuguslav voters.
Rounsellan says only refineries desiged during earth_uske, ell now
repaired.
Italian press .uoting Germen resotion to American foreign policy.
Plays up isolationist speeches by Senetors Johnson and Thooler end by
Joseph Kennedy junior. Pross care American help to China Leans little.
Refutes President's attangt to prove Axis threatens America ad states
that giving all possible essistance to Enjand my Lake necessary a
formal doclaration of war against the U.S.
Babassy reported to State Department, ? January, the cost of
living at 30mo has risen, on may itas 80 hi_l as 1245 since June
1940.
An excellent source stated that Hitler has _iven orders against
using poison ¿ at present, however, chemical factories in Northern
Germany working full time on & new and very powerful 608.
Pross is again arousing anti-French feeling. Despatches from
Italian correspondents in France say French policy not satisfactory
to Axis and that an anti-British French policy is essential.
1. ITALIAN WAR NEWS:
The Consul, Milan, reports that all classes of Itelians are greatly de-
pressed by the dismissel of Sodoglio and the reverses in Albanic and Africa.
Efforts of the Fascist Lenders to discredit Bodoglio and to brand him as a
traitor ero not meeting with success. The air raid on Milan 19 December
damaged 2 lerge epartment houses in the poor quarter and caused 9 deaths.
It is said that the General Staff in Rome has said it would not take the
responsibility for what might happen if the whispering campaign against Badoglio
continues.
The Consul, Trieste, on 5 Jenuary reported (1) That reliable sources
indicate that the military forces in the Trieste sector nov number some-
what over 100,000. They include the 2 Any Corps at Trieste and Udine,
of 5 divisions, or roughly 50,000 men. The Alpine Division which was
trapped in the Pinder Mountains and which suffered very heavy losses, was
recalled from Albanio and is now stationed near Cervignano. It has been
completely reformed with the addition of reserve units. (2) About 150
units of the trucks concentrated at Trieste are LOW known to have left by
sen for the port of San Ciovanni di Medua. The Italian stemers transport-
ing these trucks followed the Delmetion const within Yu oslav territorial
waters. This was apparently done with the consent of the Yujoclav Covernment
which required that the trucks bear no:Sdays ns being shipped on account of
"Lo Societn Immobiliare 41 Rouse". (S) T. the is no infor stion ou reports
dirculated by the British Broadcasting Corporation to the affect t'ut 6 mill-
tary barrack was burned down at Postunia with indications of sabotage.
From Belgrado, 71 December, it is confirmed that It requested pommiss-
1on to send the 1000 trucks et Trieste overland to Allania and Yugoslavia ro-
fused the request.
DECLASSIFIED
E. Q. 11662, Sec. (E) and (D) or (I)
06D letter, May, $ 1972
- 2 -
By SLR
Date MAY 3 19/3
T-25 of Jan.10,1941
The Consul, Naples, reported 30 December that (1) Naples had 2 air raids
on 89 December. In the first, about 9 palls, 5 flares, were dropped followed
by a series of explosions in the San Giovanni Industrial Section and port.
In the second raid about 1 only one flare was dropped. 4 buildings were
damaged, 7 people killed, and several wounded. The authorities appear to
be hiding more extensive damage to industrial plants. 20 bomb-bursts were
counted. (2) On Christmas eve one plane dropped leaflets in Naples describing
Italian losses in North Africa. (s) It is said that a new system of A.A.
defense is being adopted for Naples. Guns are being moved to the outskirts
of the city. They fire 6 ring barrage leaving a clear space in the center
in which German pursuit planes (trained for night fighting) can operate.
(4) Sabotage is said to have been the cause of the burning. of an oil barge
in Naples harbor about 10 days ago. (5) The general morale of the people is
almost hopelessly low and many stories. indicating defeatism and dialike for
the Fascist Regime are circulating. (6) Wounded officers from Albania tell
hair raising stories of the disaster there. Plumed hats of the Bersaglieri
lying on the ground looked like a slaughtered flook of birds; officers tried
to drive their men at the point of the pistol; nen killed their officers and
fled; wounded suffered terribly from the cold and stripped the clothing from
the dead. One wounded officer said he would kill Mussolini if he could.
(7) The Germen Consul is said to have stated that Hitler was furious at
Missolini for attacking Greece. (s) The majority of the people believe that
Italy's danger lies in the Germans rather than in the English.
The Consul, Genoa, reported 2 January, that troops and equipment are
being concentrated "in western Liguria near the French border. The purpose
is rumored to be an attack on Nice.
The Consul, Milan, reported on 2 Jamary (1) On arrival at Mentone 22
December, on leave, he was informed that General Garibaldi had been there
the day before and had openly stated that he was plenning an attack on
Nice about 15 January with his "Red Shirts", somewhat after the manner of
D'Annunzio at Fiume. He said that an autonomous state would be set up
including all French territory in Mentone, Nice end Cannes, under Italian
jurisdiction in much the seme way that Monaco is under French jurisdiction.
Inquiries made by the Consul indicated that military and political personages
as well as others in that area, have no knowledge of this plan and they doubt
whether Garibaldi should be taken seriously. A French doctor returning from.
Nice to Mentone on 31 December said that during the differences between Hitler
and Petain, the former had threatened to occupy more French territory, and
the doctor suggested that Garibaldi's design to occupy Nice might be part of
the further occupation of France. (2) From a usually unimpeachable source,
it was learned that all Italian bombers in service in the attack on England
have been recalled. One pilot se id that he and his crew were given 10 days
leave in Italy and then will be sent to Spain for further duty. Presumably
the other bombers are also being sent to Spain. The pilot also said that
a considerable number of Germen bombers, including Stukes, have recently
arrived in Italy'and will proceed soon to Spain.
From a reliable source it has been learned that poison gas, thought to
be phosgene, 1a being transferred from the hills back of Guidonia to southern
Italy. Several nen are in the hospital having been gassed when one tank broke.
An Army Colonel of the Italian General Staff, who is in charge of the
Mechanized Arms Division in the Ministry of Yer, states that during this
month (January) Italy will begin production of a tank that can stand up to the
new British anti-tank guns. Ha. stated that all Italian tanks now in use are
obsolete and are the tanks which were used in the Ethiopian and Spanish campaigns.
The Consul, Venice, reported on 2 January, that as a result of the air
raid on 25 December certain cenals will be closed to traffic for 75 days.
Italian civil morale under bombing appears to be improving because of
a growing realization that British planes try to hit only military objectives.
BECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11052, Bee, 2(R) and (D) of (
- 3 -
OSD letter, May, 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY
,
1978
T-25 of Jan.10,1941
Many letters are being received by relatives of soldiers in Albania
describing the very bad conditions there; lack of food and proper clothing,
etc. As it is known that all letters coming from the troops must be consored
by their officers, this is interesting as it indicates that officers are
permitting letters with such complaints to pass the censor.
It is reported that transports and escort vessels are being assembled
et La Spezia and the rumor is that an expedition against Corsica is being
planned.
It is said that food 1a getting very scarce in Ethiopia.
2. GERMAN PLANTES AND TROOPS IN ITALY:
A Hungerien Correspondent said (1) German troops now in Sicily will be
sent to Libya possibly via Tunis. (2) German troops are in Italy at the
request of Mussolini. (3) Pantelleris has played very little part in the war
and has never been bombed by the British. (4) He thinks that President
Roosevelt's speech is one of the greatest events of the war BO far.
The Consul, Trieste, reported31December that on 9-10 December about
350 Geraen planes, including Dorniers end Junkers flew over Tervisio. 2
landed there because of engine trouble. In a report on 5 January the Consul
edded that there are persistent reports that some Stukas were also seen fly-
ing over Tarvisio.
The Consul, Venice, reports 31 Decembers (1) During an automobile trip
in the South Tyrol he was informed that 20,000 German troops with equipment
and tanks had entered Italy through the Brenner Pass. (2) German inhabitants
of the Alto Adige hope that the Troops will stop there on their return end
that the Alto Mige will be ennexed to Germany. (3) The transfer of the
Certin population has slowed down. Its cost has been pared to 42 billion lire.
It is learned from e source considered reliable that the German Air Base
under construction in Celabria (N.A. Report 13-41) is located in the outskirts
of Crotone.
The Consul, Palermo, reported 7 January thats (1) While returning to
Palermo from Rome, he SCW lerge stocks of sulphur near Termini and about 20
German trucks stending by. (2) The presence of the Germens in the streets
of Palermo is very much resented by the local people. (3) There are rumors
that the German planes carry small tanks in their bodies and that there
will be e combined German and Italian attack on Malta. (4) The food situa-
tion in Palerno continues to be very bad. The German air units have brought
their own cooks and food and eat well. It is probable that German trains
bringing food and munitions return to Germany with sulphur.
The Consul, Venice, reported that on 7 January German tri-motored planes
flow over that city.
From en excellent source it is learned that there are no German troops
in Italy except air force which is completely self-sustaining, having their
own ground personnel, A.A. batteries, food, gasoline, etc. Tanks without
crews are being loaned to Italy.
3. MISCELLANEOUS:
An Italian shopkeeper stated that the wife of en official of the German
Embassy, recently visiting his shop, remarked: % lost the war the last time
because of Austria, we'll probably lose this one because of Italy".
From Berlin, 28 December, it is learned that the Greek Minister was
approached by Germens with the suggestion that Oreece ask Germany to intercede
for peace between Italy and Greece. This suggestion was refused as Greece
is successfully pushing the Italians back. Acquiescence would have been
playing Hitler's game, helping to defeat Ragland and giving him unopposed
power over Italy. BECLASSIFIED
& O. 11632, See A(R) and 5(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 5, 1972
By SLR
Date
-
4
MAY 21 1973
T-25 of 10 Jan.1941
From Belgrade, 3 January, the Minister of War said that an Italian oiler
had been torpedoed and sunk by e Greek submarine just off the bar north of
the Albanian Frontier within Tugoslav territorial waters. He is afraid it
might be a serious incident, The Tugoslav Neval Attache, Rome, has no in-
formation of any protest being made up to date.
From a Roumanian source it is learned that the earthquake damaged refiner-
iss but not the wells. The refineries have been repaired.
The Italian press, during the past few days, has quoted German reaction
to the American foreign policy and emphasizes the contrasting reaction in the
United States to the President's speech and the desire of Americans to stay
out of the war. It refers pessimistically to the Turther help America will
give Ingland end foresees the possibility that 50 more destroyers may be
released. In referring to Japanese reaction to the President's speech
the Italian press states that American help to China can mean little. The
solidarity of the Axis and loyalty to Mussolini are emphasized. The press
refutes Roosevelt's attempt to prove that the Axis threatens America and
states that giving All possible assistance to England may make necessary a
formal declaration of war against the U.S. The U.S. attitude may result
in prolonging the war. One writer states that the U.S. is ready to fight
to the last Englishman.
In discussing the President's speech to Congress the press quotes from
the opposition speeches made by Senators Johnson, Wheeler and LaFollette,
and by Joseph Kennedy junior.
The Lubassy, on 7 January, reported to the State Department by telegram
that the cost of living in Rome has risen to such a degree that the present
compensation of the Staff is inadequate. Cost of miscallaneous items have
risen 521% since June, 1940. It was recommended that compensation be based
on 30 lire to the dollar, an increase of about 50%.
An excellent source stated that Hitler had given orders that poison
gas is not to be used at present. The source claimed to know that chemical
factories in northern Cermany are working full-time on a new gas which is said
to be very powerful.
The Italian press is again arousing anti-French feeling. Despatches
from Italian correspondents in France state that French policy 1a not proving
satisfactory to the Axis and an anti-British French policy is essential if
France is not to lose the benefit of Aris cooperation.
DECLASSIFIED-
E. O. I(R) and 5(1)) or (E)
OSD letsor, May, 5, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
- 5
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
21535'n
NAVY DEPARTMENT
MAY
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
100-100
Serial
3
Monograph Index Guide No. 108-600/200
(Ptart new aeries earh your
(To correspond with SUBJECT fator, - o, N. 1. Index Chate
Make reparate report ke each reguin Mile
From
,
at
- Itdy
Date
1941
(Ship, fiees, unit, datrin, Malke, of person)
Reference
(Directive,
previous
related
report,
etc.
if
Source
Evaluation
(As official, personal observation, publications, press, conversation with-stantify
(As reishle, unversifed, Mr /
etc
Subject
NUM-
-
I
(Nation reported on) (Main title as per indes guide) (Aubtities) (Mass reparate reguest for each title)
soler careful authority of repurt, outsining substance auxinatly stated, include Important facts, - places, dates, etc.)
DECLASSIFIED
a 11652, Sec. 100 and &D) of (X)
TEXT
astail
May,
1,
1972
MAY
21
1973
% I 8 1 I 1
between
of
I I I I 3 i I
reporta Cas sign this the tem last per original sel wighal and page retained and file mpy febell of pages. Formed practical original and practicalite, precere Officer statem Neepring
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tim @ 1 ! I i 1
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3 I 1 I a i I ] Inc. I
Inlgaria. (a) Cresk situation bed, - be cleaned
EHI
(1) a $ Mill I I 2
its TIPS I I É 1 I I
- for Italian esto-oph Masselini.
regarted (1) Reduction of treeps, crtillery
! (a) I I 1 you I I $
noting - in addition to ships, locumatives.
stock soon need smoe. (6) Rail traffic I w
- Ituly infestrialists protect to Musselini about ordering -
1
conscilled.
Life - top - destination about -
security an day Base, says mith
I Sure met Mt.
- - - - - will and - Ambiotance in
with visa to joining French in Samile at
- containing has to divisions in
pressing - to is compution of Moste.
as noter - - - Receive couft for experimental
1 s $ I I 1 I
These Italian - Officer deptined the Like mrs, if Me - - he
will - - to Bottish of first expertunity.
"UNILIA" and "ТОВЫМКА" converted into hospital sidge.
seed photos for repaire to "LITIMIC" empLoted at Tend coveral - -
Nevel Officers at Ministry must join Fassist Party or not export provider.
ALL but too signed up.
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
- 1
photostating
Resting - balow for - - o. M. L Draw circle , upits to shows - the discribution Hork belogi to which this particular may of this report
has been gouied for information, for further musing. or for refent Indicate by check (i) - - mp) the complete, of other/ropies of Lights report. 7a
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CONFIDENTIAL
T-71-41
Difficulties experienced is starting lub. oil plant Liverne,
proper type of oil not available.
(8) Internal Situation: Norvousness and confusion have -
what abated to dama support and premise Colomies
will be returned after Auto viatory. People uppear reconsibled
to 14ea that Germany and Daily rise or fail together. Mash die-
content and blame for regine but - organized opposition.
Geneuls is all important cities report % certons ricting".
Consul Venice, 27 Jenuary, sites example of undersover mti-
vities against the Regime.
(8) The Popele d'Italia (Massalini) and the
Telegrafe (01-me) - only papers that do not beadline Ritler's
speech and emphasize ultimate vistery.
- gives much - to opposition expressed in U.S. against
Losse-Laid mill. Postures dailay in V.S. amount program.
7am Beigrale, 4 February, streegly assorts Tage-
dates position critical. CLaims to have definite information
that Bulgaria has given pennission passage Gamen treeps. he-
slavia has had enough of Dely. No sald people of Tegeslavia
eannet be influenced w propaganda. they Inco Italy is their
easy, U.S. is their friend.
Latest of - says Generaly not to attempt invesion
but to have intense submarine compaign with heavy besting of
British ports.
Japanese in line my Italians entertain them -
levishly that 10 is embarrancing. Italians ask what Tapes is
going to 4a in for But to help mis. One Japanese mid Jagan is
looking out for her - interests.
Beigrete report says that Regealavia has reselved protect
from Italy regarding submarine attack on Italian vantel is Tupe-
alev waters.
1.
the Consul, Palemo, reports 24 January, that the Comes Groups are running
their an telephone lines between Pulemo, Trepani and Catamia. These lines
- consionally out by Italian substours. The Italian people accept the
province of the Gemena but the Any to recentful. There - about # Come
planse is Palemo of he estimates about 200 in Moily. Since the Gemane
entred, is Catania and Mensine, they have reseived the heaviest busings.
- A.A. - a trunks - - around Pulcamo and Gesman seldiers is
groupe of about 100 march through the streets singing. There is - frater-
stating between Italians and - 20 Common have their - food of
mustions but - Italian gaseline
has S February, 10 to reported that - of the Commission Officers
recently visited Beastna, Termine of Catenia. 4a the tody he our about 2000
- dr officers. for are about TOO - planes at Catunia of probably
a greater member of Combre. A conservative estimate of Common dr perconnel. is
Meily is 10,000. for the Comen air ferse is of the in Deminico
Hotel at Tormine. A - air field is being constructed at Termine and emother
at Palemo. The Gerumns est French feed end have French american
submobiles obtained is Prence are being need w - - officers. Leage
numbers of German personnel and planes continue to arrive is Sicily. h enter
to permit movement of Gorman myplics, tyata service between Pulemo et Messine
has been retured to ⑉ train a day. Many trucks paso through Polemo loaded
with Gemes soldiere honded west. Merchant vessels formetly in Palemo have w
parted probably for transport duty.
A German recently returned from Berlin states that Gemen trogo are is
Rounemia solely for - attack - Grosse through Bulgaria. The Greek situs-
tion has getten bed and must be cloomed up. Commany will also send rein-
foremants to Libya. lines the beginning of the war Commay at Italy have
BECLASSIFIED
CONSIDENTIAL"
E. O. 11652, See. 3(E) and"b(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 4, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 nn
CONFIRENTIAL
-71-41
CON
DENTIAL
I a 1 I I 1 I . $ I THE I
of the unditates of by the - - exporte is may - of the
a 1 a I INJUS 11 I il a 9 a I . 1
III 2 1 a I I $ I $ and I I s a I
1 1 I Intia
1 a I ( # 1 I I 1 1 I I .
of troups - the French berder at that - - let trades
1 1 any ! 1 I 1 9 r 1 I
Generay - at Services Mordo is - to - - 0 # - the Consel
(1) I 1 I 2 I I regried s I I I and
nett 10 days. (2) is milling - of to citities to tain,
ships and locemetives. (3) Considerable French reiling stock to to be - a
railway lines near Genes. (4) Mill waffie is jumes W the militery and merchants
cannot nove their goods.
There is a story being told that Itdy ordered - is
and secie had been delivered when the information Lists of Northern Italy but of
it. They protested to Masselini who ordered the contract conselled and the -
returned.
The bettleship "CHARE", accounting to a reliable contact, Left - for a
- destination about se Junery (See N.A. Social 40-8).
A Nevel Receivist, who has resently returned to Me - is Genes after
having been on duty at the Submarise Base, tald a rehichle contact
that the British Air Force - the part make regularly doing mash
damage but that - far the Submarine Base proper has not been Mo.
From a Germen source it is learned that the Common High comples
that Italy has lest Oyremaise, but that this is of little ************************* - long
- British forees to not enter Tripolitane with a view to joining the French
forces in Twis and Merceso. In the letter - Comen tweeps will
the Italians. Gormand now are helping to resugnaise Itelian nochmined
divisions in Statly for service in Libya, but 10 is not clear that -
twooge - involved. Generally is - that the amistice terms - carried
out is and therefore has no fear of Sepgend the would Last equipment.
Commany to pressing the to acquiesse in the compution of Moorts by
the forees. the information appeared to dedge the question w to whether or not
Italy. I 1 I I 6
A small submarize, about 6 neters leng, has been - near Bagneli, It
is persible that this is the sraft which used to be at La Specia for export-
membership underwater sound wrk.
A young Italian - officer on leave in had just brought his company
from to Mayics emposto to Libya. He said he lest 40 - on the trip -
they - dropped off the touin. Ihe asked what be would - in Libya, be no-
plied that he would first talk to his - - find out where they stood, then
if continent revered 1t, he will - over to the British at the first opportunity.
The Lieyd Triestine stoomships SECILIA and TOSCANA have been converted into
hospital ships.
Steel plates for repairs to the LITTORIO were completed at Torms several
days age.
It has been learned that about 10 days up all nevel officers in the Maistry
were teld that there would be - promotions for on of them if they ase not join
the Faceist party. All but 2 signed 4.
Difficulties are being ensountered is starting up the gaseline and lubricat-
ing eil plant at Liverne. the new U.S. machinery installed is for another type
of oil than that available.
Toung officers on leave from ships in Pola are pregently - in Liverne.
They any that there is nothing to do - heard and the ships are ant needed w be
- Italy already has control of the Mediterymem, - they might - well
on leave.
BECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, Sec. N(E) and MD) or (R)
- 3 -
I
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAV 1973
a. SITU
and confusion because of military reverses have somembat
aboted because of active Games support and because Hitler's recent speech
is which he stated that all of Italy's colonics would be returned after an
Anto viotory. The Italia people oppear to be recommiled to the idea that
may at Italy - rise - fall together. They - not content however. It
to e bitter pail the most of the and there is domunistion of the
Pagies fee publing Italy is this position. There to - artive organdand
appoaition and the people continue to gmable without doing enything about
10. 20 is are unkiholy that Class and other londoms will does out of the
Government of their own assord. She feed situation my - disturbances of
a sert.
The Consule in all important cities have reported that there has been no
serious risting.
The Consul, Venice, reported 27 Jenuary (1) a the night of as Junnary
all of the Italian territory on a map in Planse in Madro - painted the
some color - British territory. The words "abasco Masselind - vive
- printed on the nap. (2) The reason for the Sales pegame true
Itdy is said to be the unfowrable trade balance. (s) The local prose premise
Kennedy - a tenasious appears of the Receivelt policy.
3.
the - & Italia (Masselind) and the Telegrafe (Cieme) are the only
papers that 4b not healthing Mitler's speech and emphasize colidarity and
ultimate vistery.
She Italian prote gives much space to the Louse-Land Bill quoting appoal-
tim feesly. The press also features the delay is the V.S. - progrem and
the - of impricate regarding the submarine verform and the prospective air
attack -
ITM Belgrado, 4 February, 11 is reparted that strengly assorted
that Pagesteria's present situation is a exitical as. Mo claims to have dati-
site that Migris has given permission for the passage of German
treego, Registeria has hall - of Italy. Incouse of naissary -
Itday has Last the led. the al/mation will be cloured - during the - 5
win. ₺ seld be to girl that he - - of that because of stones supre-
1 I B I a I I 1 r . 2
8 I a d 1 1 I $ 1 1 ! it 2 ill 1
I 7 3 I $ 3 s a I 1 $ 1 heal. I
- M to what will happen in the enting - effective - correct
about all the possibilities. Latest report le that - ⑉ - - to to-
valo Regient but will just - - intense corpoign combinal with intense
bombing of British parts, also that Irdiant will be tomaled.
is the Tobaccopy in I my that they - being - Leviship are-
tained w Italians that it is enborrecing. they - frequently additional was
they are going to do is the Pur Bast to bdg the - - commited
that Japen is leaking out for her - interests in the her Mrt.
7pm Belgrafe, 19 is learned that Tegetheria has reselved a protect from
Italy requesting - attack w - unknown enimarize en so Jenuary on a Date
resent with of he in Yagualar where. 1 miscol the ship at exploied
- the chare. 4a 31 January - Italian and tag and other small on -
1 new Enroule w e authorize - the
the Smice Minister says that has chartered Greek ships to bring
feed rights true South mories to Liches and the - is transferred to Tage-
siev chips there and treasported to Games for shipment by rail.
BECLASSIFIED
E O. 11652, Fee und 5(D) or (10
OSD letter, May, 5 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY 21 1973
4 -
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
MAP 01 1941
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial M-dL
Monograph Index Guide
No.
Flaff
:
year.
(To currespond with NECT
Make rejert main
5
From
T
at
1
Itdy,
Date
1941
#
thip Deet, will, correct, dire, dated of (erwn)
WAVAL
Reference
LICENCE
pm related eb if applicable
Source
CONTACT
Evaluation
Indicated
(As diral personal publications, prem. conversation with identify
unterited. de
Subject Dr. RELATIONS.
(Nation reported on)
(Main title M per index guide
(Mair sejervie report fur vario tab
Buit (lien ester careful numbery of report, custaining substance succisetly stated, include important facts, names. places, dates, etc.)
CURRENT events NO occurr
E
Additional information concerning Genee tombarment
9
buildings Commiglione at -
takned - to Legge motallmugical plate et from founday closed down
as - laid att. hit W shall "fragmat", 4 - killed.
Male - X seld to have had englaes baily damaged last
part of Imm. - permand, united. lb further details yet evailable.
- La Agesta, 17 Februally, 1 Ca soundl - 8 is 10.
I
against
Gmos.
-
I
I
still
at
lerge.
Bridge
at all agreement to AvailAble district said destroyed by
Landed believed sulf=exiled att-Passist Italians.
n
is action south of Serdinis 89 Nevember (N.A. -
in and goostically really join floot.
- - you - Willoom to schotogo Itely's wair offert.
à I THE I or 1 $ I
in - è milmoter to - real.
Really wil-informet examples of the inefficiency and
to Itday. Idem Itslip's any logo to early British viatory.
x allow 1 I 1 I 1 I ] $
Africe is ship - refund.
Houskip - IV (sers tome), to That Mirlea, contration date hospital ship.
Consul, Foleme, 14 February, ours Catatia hourily banked 11 February.
1 1 ] i I I 1 1 1
(a)
Prose commits, 03 Gemon call it
bratal
shy 1 I 1 that They fort,
Charehill's does Regient's inability to curry - aleme. Argmetis
for Lease-Land Bill desciving American people. stricen compaign will not prove
devisive.
Proce gives much space to prove that Jouish admority dragging U.S. into war.
Reslaration has afferded the press carboin entisfustion.
have vagio.
at (s) conscilling acquisition of Istembul.
Inco no agreement between Commany
411 digitate required to keep elear of provinces Naples, Salerno and Lit-
Distribution torie is addition to provious restrictions.
By
Originator
O.N.I.
-1-
Reating spote below les - in o, N. L Draw circle around unit of units can shows on the distribution Hock below, to which this particular copy of this report
show - provided the - this firm, - hank bases
has lees request for information, for further mailing, or for retention, the Ladicate by check (i) un BY (vp) the cumplete cirtribution of other repies of this report. To
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N.A. Rome T-93-41 of
From 4 February, wall informat - correngement
(1) Commany's maturial in emeilems condition, - levis-
sibia. Submarises being - out, suto w per day. (a) around
work the Atto political cridities not thoroughly laid. (s) by to
balater Italian marris to e
Officials of Persign Office express distrass at internet att-
Italian feeting in U.S.
Mothing of interest dischosed regarding meeting.
Prom Metrid, 14 February, feeling - w be that m advantage
of Spain's entry would be offect W loss of supplies - penditied
enter Spain.
Verio of art being shipped true North Italy to Commy.
Several hundred students staged organized demonstration in front
of American Consulate, Leghers, 14 February.
1. ITALIAN M
A relievie informant, who has again been is Games the past few days, gives
further details of damage done during the benbardment :-
la infustrial. district, Cornigliane and Supplemberone, about 80% to 40%
of the buildings metained - damage. In too large was industry
plants (motallamgical) and the irea fountry were - badly damaged that they have
closed - et all the votimen have been laid off.
The "DUILIO" which - is the new drydock at the Cantiere del Tirrone, Gemos,
was hit on ⑉ turret by a "frequat" of . shell. The informant was told by a
number of the 0200 that no serious damage had been done but that four non were
killed. Several shalls are said to have exploded about 50 meters from the ship
and a garbage lighter, which - lying near the drydosk, was destroyed.
The mother of 8 man on the light eraiser DI SAVOIA" told a reliable
contact that the engime of the INSURANCE III SAVOIA had been belly damaged recently
the added that her son had been - the munded and had been in a hospital for
the part twenty five days. It is not known how or where this cruiser was damaged
but 18 is exported that mare details will be obtained som.
an passing through La Specia on 19 Policiary - cas heavy eraiser
and five destroyers at the base. The hoavy eraiser is probably the "FOLA"
(N.A. Serial 89-41) and the five destroyers are thought to include the "GRAMATTERE"
and "FUCILINES" which ware in Gemes on 26 Jenuary (N.A. Serial 49-41).
A reliable report says that a drifting mine exploded against a sea wall in
the visinity of a spaghetti feetory in Genes. The blest broke all windows in the
plant. After hearing the report, may Generage are saying "Hay don't the British
lay nines by plane at night in the vicinity of the breakwaters and let the current
do the rest?"
The Italian authorities are very "jittery" about British parasbutists and
are still something for them. they - not sure that all landed on
the night of 10 February have - approhended. A reliable informant states that,
- a result of this lending, persobutists destroyed a bridge at Buttipaglia (a
short distance southeart of Saleme) at a in the Availine district.
One of the Italians, who was reported billed is efficial communique foon, is said
to have boom the might at the asqueduct. It is said that the British
personatists were enti-Fassist Italians who had gome to England severe years be-
forective mr. Those captured could speak Italian fluently and had Bari accents.
The destroyer "LANCING", damaged in the cotion south of Sardinia 27 November,
1940, and which has been repairing is Genos (N.A.Serial #49-41) is said to be
prestically realy to jein the flest.
There appoars to be a spreading movement among young amy Officers to sabo-
tage Italy's ver effort. Their 1dea is that, M soon all possible after getting
to the Front, they will go over to the British. The mother of 2 young officers,
recently called w, is now figuring ways and means of getting money to them
when they are made prisoners in Aggt.
DECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, Sec. 2(1) and 5(D) of (in
- 2 -
OSD lotter. May, & 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21-19/3
N.A. Rome 7-93-41
of Feb. 225
A large garoline empoly to codd to be loosted of - the Attrictic
wast southeart of had. a mail gaseLine atorage, - is Located 14
kilemoters from Imo on the real to Codd. and about B mileter to the contraint
of the read.
A usually the is Income to be strongly anti-Passist
suid: (1) Itsly to is e state of complete Metupmination and the only hope
top Today to - cuty Brittich vistory. w A - to - of freess
- the Touch between reselved - - to present to Alberta within abour
which he and w explane. b had - instructions from - no information
regarding the attendion in Alberta, not - e mp. # house after he arrived
a - air of Studit 1 Most of the officers have been changed and few
hall my information regarding their - forees - the - position. (s)
A united tirkend the - Reserve Officer of the when Italy went
to we, later - to the BILA and - is in the Vitterio Teneto. These
changes - nate after the Include end Date - damaged. (4) In the British
of - - of the monico plants - very baily demaged. (s) The
British - which took - is the bening of Gamos at first housed for
the Standing of Statly of - Italian force superior is strongth - cost there
to foremage se. 4 mouning plan - - out to report movements of the
with from but - minimed. the charge of - tomarás Genera - not
reported. (a) Row stationed of Non - cultured to attank the Brittich
ships but - - - bents available them. (9) dil Italian Hard
wishin - hom Lest. (a) togin schottics will be retured
again is the near fature is order to transport - - trange which -
Buing to Itsly. (9) M Destighere, visite writing the France, Masori.ind teld .
friend that he had reseived . New from which he would nover
It is said that the British have offered to permit overnation of - and
children from Italiam Bast africa is a Jagamese chip, but this - refused by
Musselini.
The s.a. RED IV, 3675 tome, is Italian last Africa, has been converted
into a hospital ship.
The Consul at Palemo reports 14 February, that on 10 February, at 0815,
there - - air raid siem companied W guafise which lasted for about -
hour. be deep - im. Ostamia - heavily bembed on the night of 11
February. - infentry soldiers are seen in Palemo in small mubers and
trasks at troups cutime to years through the city. On 9 February . native
born merious valiting with the Consul TM later taken into custody and warned
about associating with certain people.
2. or THE
The Italian Press comment on the bemberment of Genos 1a to the effect
that it was a bental attack on - underended part, and that very little damage
- done to military objectives. Churchill's broadeast was said to show
Ingland's inability to earry - alone and the arguments for the passage of
the Lease-Land Bill are deselving the American people. Ans al. do says that the
African compaign will not prove decisive.
The Italian press gives mush syste to proving that the Jewish minority
1s brogging the U.S. into was and that the U.S. is now aligned egainst the
whole of Merope.
The Turkish-Dul.gariam Joint Declaration has afforded a certein activite-
ties to the Italian pross, al though the reason therefor is rether Tages, Gayde
states that Reumonia is now free of British influence. Belgaria to yursuing
an independent policy is defense of hat - national interests and Tegeslevia
is following a sound and predent policy. He further states that Italian combat-
tive resistance in the Mediterremen has provented a change is alignment of the
Balkam States.
3.
The Turkish Ambassedor knows of no agreement betwoom Germany and Imasia by which
Istembul would be given to Russia for holding alcef from events in the Balkans.
DECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, See. 3(E) and 5(D) or (E)
- 3 -
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY 12/2
CONFIDENTIAL N.A. Rome T-93-41 of
Feb. 21, 1941
CONSIDENTIAL
A note verbale dated 11 February requires all diplomats, unless espe-
sially authorized, to keep clear of the provinces of Maples, Salerno, and
Litteria, in addition to the formerly restricted mas.
From Bacharest, 4 February, 11 is learned that a well-informed Gennal
correspondent stated: (1) Germany has - fear of the British blookade. Material
is in excellent condition and the any is invincible. M present submarines
are being turned out at the rate of 18 per day and this figure will be stopped
up to 2 is the near future. (2) He feels that the ground work for the this
Political Activities has not been thoroughly laid. With a mumber of countries
adhering to the Anis eaything that happens to cas of them affects the whole
Axis group. (s) It is a pusale to know how to bolster up Italian morale both
internally and externally.
In personal conversation, officials of the Foreign Office have expressed
their distress et the intense anti-Italism feeling in the United States.
Mothing of interest has been disclosed regarding the meeting between
Masselini and Frenco at Bordighere.
Prem Medrid, 14 Feburuary, it is reported that (1) No foreign observers
believe that Spain could be of say help to Italy. (2) The British believe that
Spain night nake a "token payment" for past assistance from Italy by sending a
foreign legion to help Italy, but this would draw Spain into the war. (3) The
less of supplies now being permitted to enter Spain would offset the advantages
of getting into the war.
has several sources it is learned that works of are are being shipped
from North Italy to Germany. In - cases these are being replaced by works
of art from southern Italy.
The Consul, Leghern, reported 15 February, that on 14 February several
hundred students staged - obvioualy organized demonstration in front of the
American Consulate, having first cheered the German consulate.
E. O. DEGLASSIFIED 11652 Sec. NO and S(D) of (if)
OSD jotter. May. Date % MAY 1972 21,1973
By SLR
- 4 -
21555- (C-9-e)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial
110-d
-tart
Monograph Index Guide No.
-
T.
nemped
was
EINE
leise
Mass
From
at Inc, Italy
Date Marioh,
19
41
feet,
will,
Reference N.A. Rame's Despatch 061630 of March, 1941.
persons reived repair, if applicated
Source
CONTACT
Evaluation
Reldable
(As Grial pervice) pro, with clentify
relative, unverified. etc
Subject ITALN-POLITYICAL MAKING roum/ DR. DELATIONS.
(Nation reported -
(Mail w per nin -
I
Make
report
Bear There ester antul - of report, outsising relatance recently stated include facts, Liability, places, dates,
Ed in Mays in have of Commone. Probably s Getman
amored divisions to Tripold. 49,500 - is Statly, including
aviaters. Genee Restrie June Station belly damged. Contrations engyly
their aviation in south of Italy with gaseline themselves, but with difficulty.
Question of fuel and clothes in Purio becoming - sustom. All poydation
to pro-laglish, only a part of - class favorable to Commons. Invoice number
German troops in Halland.
copirs practical practication
Italian ship AMERICANDO NM ank. Morehant skige GONES - at CITTA DI
MODICAL mak. Irede et Turin and Milen builde expecially mashine -
Italian A.A. - commet shoot more then - motors. the Eing is at product
catizely under influence of Masselini. Believed that Tegeslavia will try to
resist aris.
Informant has wise in Italy, France, Balkans, Spain and is Charch,
Stated food situation growing mare desperate in France. becoming more
- 1a headling French civil population.. Bengary pinched for food.
Commo building around defense line in Poland fusing Imasia.
beginning to - results. Food situation IN - mm) growing wręs.
in compled countries may result in desperate estion in next 4 or 5 months.
Believed dangetions to reduce troops in occupied countries.
Tempo of German infili@rtion into Italy increasing. Too late to acpost
esparato action in Italy. King has lest all influence at is - controlled by
Muscolini.
BEGLASSIFIED
E. O₂ 11662, Sec. S(E) and MD) et (60
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
MAY 2 1 1973
By SLR
Date
Distribution By Originater O.N.I.
-1-
Resting apois below for - - o. N.L line - anount unit - AND - shows - the dischares Hat fejur to with this partinular of this report
- more DAE provided the 18 the two - blank box
- been required the information, for further noting of for register they N derk (i) 56 the emp) the of other rypin 41 the report To
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COMMISSION
CONFIDENTIAL
T-110-41
CONFID
- 2 -
1. In amplification of N.A. Rome's Despatch 081650 of March, 1941, the follow-
ing is submitted exactly in the form received from n contact considered reliable
by this office:
High Command in Libya is in hands of Germans. There are st,resent
probably 3 German armored divisions in Tripoli. In Sicily there 0.0 40,000
German troops, including the evintors. at Naples and in Sicily the Certifi
police work officially with the Italian police. Several German military
convoys per day pass through Milan, travelling south. The Cence reilroed
net is being operated with stege engines, the electric power stotion being
badly damaged. Near Tivoli on the banks of the Anione, bis electric power
station and gas mask and explosives works. Narni, near Terni, and Sila
near Cosenza (Calabria), importent power stations. Great lack of gasoline
throughout the country. The Germans supply their aviation in the south tham-
selves but with some difficulty. Source: Competent Italian officers.
A relation of mine who returned from Paris tells no that every day
the question of food and clothes becomes more serious. all the population
is pro-English, only e part of the upper class is still for a modus vivendi
with the Germans, but as the behavior of the authorities becomes more and
more disagreeable, many French have changed their opinion. In Holland there
is an enormous number of German troops.
The warship ARMANDO DIaE has been sunk with 700 men and 36 officers,
15 days ago. (Information from families). No other confirmation. The
ships CONTE ROSSO and CITTA DI MESSINA sunk; 800 men on the CONTE ROSSO?
They were aviation mechanical specialists. Information practically sure,
from Italian military source. Breda at Turin end Milan builds especially
machine guns. The Italian A.A. guns cannot shoot more than 6000 meters.
They are built in the Brede and ansaldo works. German infiltration increas-
ing every day. The King is et present entirely under the influence of
Mussolini. It is believed that Yugoslavia will try to resist Axis diplomatic
end military pressure. Source: Political circles.
2. In extended conversation with informent it developed that he Les wide con-
toots, not only in Italy and France the balkans and Spain, but apparently in ....
church also. He said that the food cituation is prowing dail, more desperate is
Paris and shoes and woolens are no longer on sale. The Gentians are become such
more severe in their hendling of the civil populetion. He stated US also Hungery
is feeling pinched in food and no more fats are to be led there.
3. Informant stated that the Gertians were building sec. Ld defensive lines in
Poland facing the Russian frontier in the rear of the present line. He also stated
that the blockede is beginning to got results. The food situation in Holland end
Morway is growing worse. Contact believes hunger in occupied countries may result
in desperate action on part of population in the next 4 or 5 months. Ee believes
it dangerous to reduce the number of troops now in occupied lands.
4. Contact reports the increasing tempo of German infiltration into Imly,
as reported in other correspondence, end believes it LOW too late to expect
has lost all influence and is now ntrolled by Musselini. This is elso reported
separate action in Itely uncontrolled by Cerveny. He states that the King
from other sources.
DECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, Sec. S(E) and (D) - (No
OSD letter, May, 3, 1972
By SLR
MAY 1973
Date
CONFIDENTI
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
APR
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
133-41
Monograph
Index
Guide
42
Rome, Italy
Date
March,
41
CONTACT
Evaluation
Beliable
ENCE
ITALY/GEMANT - POLITICAL FORCES - POLICY - FORKION/DOMESTIC.
ITALY-SOCIAL FORCES - DISAFFERTED GROWNS - REVOLUTIONERY FUNCES.
of
containing
surcinetly
state
ITALO-GERMAN RELATIONS
1. The following information has been received from a source with very
good contacts and believed to be reliable:
(a) It is believed that there has been strong German pressure
for the purpose of putting the Italian police under German control.
The police has refused very emergetically, there having been noted
lately a fairly strong anti-Fascist and oven Red tendency.
(b) Persons coming from Sicily state that the population is very
ill-disposed towards the Germans and that every day the food supply
becomes scarcer. In occupied France the food situation is very grave.
(c) According to information received from Poland, the frontier
between Lithuania "Kowno" and Wilno 1a strictly held. In the Kowno
district deportations are frequent and the regime much more severe
than in the Polisk zone. According to persons coming from Belgium,
famine is being felt more and more. The supply question is already
catastrophic.
2. The foregoing information is quoted exactly as translated from notes
furnished by the informant.
BECLASSIFIED
E. a £1652 Sec. S(E) and 5(D) or (E)
OSD lotter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 24-1973
Undribution B, Originator
O.N.I.
/
Name
17
0
11
n
C
9552 (-1-1-s
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
1000-400
serial 134-41
Monograph Index 1004-200
From
T
Rome, Italy.
Date
$
March,
41
Reference
NAVAL
Nource
CONTACT
Evaluation
Reliable
Subject ITALY/GERMANY - AVIATION MATERIAL - PRODUCTION
-
AXIS AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION
1. The following information has been received from a source with very
good contacts and believed to be reliable:
(a) Airpraft production in Italy is insignificant due to lack of
necessary material.
(b) At Guidenia, the fifth station out of Rome on the Tivoli Line,
there is a big air field with repair and mounting shops. There are
at this time many dismounted planes there.
(e) It is estimated that the monthly production of aircraft in
Germany and Italy and the occupied countries is 3000 planes at the
maximum.
2. The foregoing information is quoted exactly as translated from
notes furnished by the informant.
RECLASSED
= a 11652. Sec. 3(8) and SED) or (N)
OSD letter, May, & 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
-
below
ins
ONL
of
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Room No.
1
TELHORAPHIC ADDRESS
"ALUSNA HOME,.
30
AMERICAN EMBASSY
APR
1941
OFFICE OF THE NAVAL ATTACHÉ
A8-2(103)
ROME
M
12
10
2
7 April, 1941.
9
3
8
From:
Naval Attache, American Ambassy, Rome, Italy.
6
5
To :
Director of Naval Intelligence.
OFFICE OF
NAVAL INTELLIGENCE
Subject:
Information received from Contact mentioned in reference Ye)?
6
Reference:
(a) N.A. Rome Secret Letter A8-5(9) of 9 January, 1941.
1.
The contact referred to in reference (a) is now in Rome where
he expects to remain until about fifteen April when he will depart for Lisbon.
States. After remaining in- Lisbon for two or three wooks he will sail for the United
2.
The following items of information were obtained from him in
a conversation 4 April, 1941:-
(a) 20,000 German troops will move through Italy destined for Africa
in the next few days. [It is the intention of Germany to keep Germans coming
through until there are 250,000 in North Africa. These troops will be com-
pletely equipped down to the last acrew and nail. Each soldier will have 3
uniforms, two khaki and one white, with boots especially designed for desert
warfare.
(b) At the present time German troops are being concentrated in Calabria
about the Gulf of Teranto and down in the toe of the boot. They will probably
embark in Calabrian ports, steam north through the Straits of Messina, along
the north coast of Sicily than south to Tripoli.
(c) Each Italiam port, such as Naples, and Catania, where there is
movement of both German and Italian troops out of Italy, is divided into
two distinct sections, one Italiam, dirty and unkept, and one German kept
in apple pie order. The German section is completely under control of German
officials.
(d) All the people in Trieste expect the Germans to move in and that
Trieste will never again be Italian. Greeks, resident there, who were once
Italian citizens, are selling their houses and property and moving ont. Some
of the rich influential families have sold their property already.
(e) Germany contemplates continuing her war in the Balkans and active
operations can be expected shortly after the 15th of April. Into Greece for
Salonika will probably be one of the earliest moves (Only 14 days estimated
for Greece); into Yugoslavia to control that country and into Turkey for a
further drive towards Asia Minor and the oil fields. Blitzkreig tactics
similar to those used on Holland and Belgium will be employed. Fifth Columnists
have already inflitrated into countries in question.
1
1941
1 -
5
RECALERED
E. a 13652 Sex: 150 and SUDD - -
OSD letter, May. & 1978-
by SLR
Date
MAY 19/3
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS
"ALUSNA HOME..
AMERICAN EMBASSY A9-2(103) (Page two)
OFFICE OF THE NAVAL ATTACHÉ
7 April 19/1
HOME
(f) The Alfieri, Italian Destroyer, was sunk, making the total of 6
ships sunk in the battle off Crete on 28 March.
(g) The CONTE DI SAVOIA is being employed in the carrying of troops.
(b) Conditions in Spain very bad. Famine is increasing and starvation
general. Fact that England will not permit the entrance of additional food
stuffs will probably soon cause a revolution and Franco will be deposed
thus giving Germany the opportunity she has been waiting for to put her
own men in control. Sir Semuel Hoare has gone to London, Believed he will
ask his Government to allow additional foodstuffs to Spain.
(1) Germany is buying large stocks of foodstuffs in Portugal and storing
them there making it appear that they are expecting large numbers of troops.
(j) German soldiers coming to Italy have received orders that they are
to accept absolutely nothing from Italians as gifts in the way of necessities,
equipment, or even gifts of fruit.
(k) From the same contact who obtained the information from a high
German official in Genoa: The British boubardment of Genoa did an appalling
amount of damage, to such an extent that people with financial means have
left the city and intend to remain out.
(1) From the seme contact, same German official source: Germany is
sending fifth columnists to the United States among the refugees that are
being taken out of France.
(m) Same German informed contact that England would be defeated but
when America entered she would win the war. He pointed out that Germany.
will do all in her power not to declare war against the U.S., but force the
U.S. to declare war against Germany, thus making it compulsory for Japan
to enter on Germany's side.
(n) It is all arranged in Germany that should Germany be defeated she
will install a Communist Government at once, wold England,
America and France will not attack a communist nation, especially when
backed up by the Russians.
(o) Germany is sending machinery of all kinds, and personnel to operate
and direct it, to Russie and these machines are being used to construct
Russian eirplanes, tanks, guns and munitions. In return Germany has been
given complete control of the mining industry, where its technicians are
in charge of the output and are installing German equipment. Geruany has
also been given wide control in agriculture, thus assuring sufficient food
for Germany.
- 2 -
S
BECLASSIFIED
x a 11652, See. 3(E) and (D) or (H)
OSD letter, May, 4, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS
"ALUSNA HOME..
(VEONET
AMERICAN EMBASSY
OFFICE OF THE NAVAL ATTACHÉ
A8-2(103) \Page Three)
HOME
7 April 1941
(p) Germany has moved principal aircraft factories out of Gemany to
Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Dummies left behind.
(q) Confirmed fact that Italian Battleship VITTORIO VENETO came in
badly damaged after the action on 28 March.
(r) Germany has a new A.A. gun which has a range of 12,000 meters.
3. It is certified that the originator considers it to be imprecticable
to phrase this document in such a menner as will permit a classification other
than SECRET.
RECLASSFULB
20 a 11652, See, 1(2) and 5(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, L 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 9 21 1973
- 3 -
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF
NAV EPARY MENT CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
102-100
Serial 160=41
Monograph
From
T
Home, Italy
26 April
41
Reference
CONTACT
RATING 3
Source
Evaluation
Subject ITALY-NAVY-PERSONNEL-GHARACTERISTICS ITALY-POL. FORCES-POLICY-FOREIGN.
Besta
of
STATEMENTS OF ITALIAN NAVAL OFFICER
1. On the evening of 25 April, 1941, the Naval Attache had a visit from &
Lieutenant-Commander in the Italian Navy who was temporarily in the city from
Tripoli. He came to inform me that one of my old friends in the Italian Havy
had been killed in 4. recent action off Tripoli.
2. In discussing the war, I told his that I thought Italy was in greater im-
(67 from Germany then she would be in case of a British victory. He entirely
agreed with m, but stated that in the present condition of Europe, it was better
to be friendly with Germany than to be her easy.
3. He foresaw a emplete encirolement of the Mediterransan by Axis forces
70
and said that he falt that the taking of Fortugal and Gibraliar would be one of
the earliest moves in the future. Be pointed out that Gibraltar was the last
place in Europe where American troops could land with comparative safety. He
foressw the support of the British forces by American ships passing around the
Cape of Good Hope end into the Red Sea.
4. He stated emphatically that Russia would not come into the war. Strangely
enough, he is not at all certain about the outcome of the German thrust into Reypt.
He said the transportation problems were terrific.
5. He foressw no difficulty in feeding Europe after the north coast of
Africe is secured by the Axis Forces. He felt sure that Italy could feed herself
without difficulty if too much food was not sent out of the country. He seemed
in doubt as to the efficiency of the Italian Army and Navy.
BELLASSFIED
E.O. 11652 See. 1(E) and 5(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 4, 1973
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
RATING "B"
Distribution By Originater O.N.I.
4
,
23132 A-1-2
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial
195-41
Monograph Index Guide No.
Main
From
T
at
Home, Italy
Date 5 May, 1941.
Reference
NAVA
ORRERVATIONS
Source
Evaluation
RATING "A"
publication, prov. considy
Subject
ITALY
AVIATION
OPERATIONS
(Natom
reported
(Main - per quale
I
Mast
SAIM (lien enter careful numbers of report, cotaining substance surrently stated. actuie disputed facts, ballin, plat,
REGIST OPERATIONS or THE ITALIAN AIR FORCE
la March, 1941, clear that Italian Mr Force no lenger a major fighting
foree. Unequal leases and rate of obselessence, lack of replacements,
reduced air feree to estimated 1000 first line plance in metropolitan Italy.
Continued failure of Air Berso showed over-estimate that Italians had hald
of their air strength. Situation has not changed.
Mr Foree recently successfully active where no opposition and unresis-
ted operations foresson. Important operations commented with German stre-
togic plan carried out W German air feree. Competion of southern Italy
and Sidly typical of shouldering-out Italians receive when German move is is
progress.
Misr advance of German into Greese at collapse of Greek Epirus army
Italian aviation carried out recommaissense and observation flights. These
71
operations sussessful M they were unoppesed. Armed recommaissance carried
out among Greek Ionian Islands proparatory to compation.
Am for occupation of Iemian Islands involved use aircraft in four ways:
(a) Please droyped messages telling Greeks resistence useless and signals of
surrenter to be made. (b) Large forees flow over lecalities to be occupied
to nake memesing show of strength and replace navel units in protesting
leading parties. (e) Occupying forces lended by transport semplemes at pro-
determined points. (a) Constant recomaissence of points of stivity to
protect lamling ferees.
Cosupation of Cerfe and Caphalemia little more the pease-time exercise.
Use of Pareshate treeps extensive in Cephalonia. Troops landed in level
fam-land areas with few seattered trees, no particular hesard involved.
Mercurial Italian temperement responded waraly to this and
Air Feree mourishing itself on the sense of fine figure made. The lop-sided
aspect of operations is overlooked
Press at technical papers still continue to announce Itelian air attacks
on Tobruch for propaganda purposes but known that Germans have taken over there
ad there are not enough Italiam aireraft in Libya to be of importance.
No reports of Italian air activity in East Africa. Believed that only
personal planes of high command left.
SECLASSIFIED
E.O. 11662, Sec. E(E) and 5(D) or (R)
OSD letter, May, 1972
By SLR
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
-1-
Date MAY 1973
Reading - below les - - 0. N.L. loss anount unit - storts - the distributions Not by state this particular may of this report
he less fie internation, for further PATING of le registro. Indicate by chegit a - - enpo the of other regurs of the provin. To
the that provided for in this firm, - Name
8-20
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AirOpe Jacket
N.A. Rome 173-41
1. In March, 1941, it WAS clear that the Italian Air Force could no
longer be considered a major fighting force. The continued unequal losses
of aircraft, the increasing rate of obsolescence and the lack of replacements
had reduced the air force to the point where not more than one thousand first-
line planes were estimated to remain in metropolitan Italy. The humiliating
return from France by rail of the air forces that had ¿one to help the Germans
in trans-Channel operations, the impunity from air attack with which the British
bombarded Genoa, the practically complete destruction of Italian air forces
in North and East Africa, the failure of cooperation with the Fleet, and the
continued existence of Malta all showed the over-estimate that the Italians
had held of their air strength. This situation has not changed.
2. The Air Force has recently been successfully active where there was
no opposition and unresisted operations could be foreseen. Where the opere-
tions were part of the German strategical plan, of major importance, or in
support of German ground action, they have in general been conducted by
German aircraft. The occupation of southern Italy and Sicily by the Luftwaffe
is typical of the shouldering-out that the Itelians receive whenever a German
move is in progress. Italian activity is restricted to inconsiderable enter-
prises and cooperation with their own troops.
3. After the advance of the Germans into Greece and the collapse of the
Greek Epirus army, Italian aviation carried out reconneissance in advance of
their ground forces reoccupying Albanie. Extensive observation also ,receded
the Italian occupation of the Delmation coast. M these operations were un-
opposed, their purpose was achieved, Observation flights and aerial escort
continue to accompany the ground forces occupying western Greece.
4. Armed reconnaissance was carried out among the Greek Ionian islands
preparatory to their occupation. During the British evacuation of Greece
there was also reconnaissance of embarkation points and coastal waters, but
no important part was taken by the Italians in attacks.
5. The plan for occupation of the Ionian ialands involved the use of air-
craft in four ways:
(a) Observation planes dropped messages advising the Greek garrisons and
the population of the uselessness of any resistance and of the signals of surren-
der to be made. These messages removed the need of radio or other communica-
tion with the islands prior to arrival of the lending forces.
(b) Large air forces flew over the localities to be occupied to make a
menacing show of strength and replace the usual protection of the landing
parties by naval units.
(c) Occupying forces were landed by transport seeplanes in the harbors
and by landplanes at predetermined points.
(d) Constant reconnaissance of the points of activity was maintained to
protect the landing forces both from local resistance end external threats.
6. The occupation of Corfu and Cephalonia was little more then a peace-
time exercise and appears to have been executed ns plenned. The use of parachute
troops was extensive in Cephalonia. The areas selected for the troops' landing
were level farm-lands with few scattered trees, so that there was no particular
hazard or difficulty involved. The aircraft used were SM-75 (Marsupiale) and
SM-82 (Canguru), both of which have been seen recently at Rome airports being
prepared for this use.
7. The mercurial Italian temperament has responded warmly to these thin
successes, and the air Force feeling is again nourishing itself on the sense
of the fine figure they have nade. The lgp-sided aspect of the operations is
overlooked, and individuals feel that they really were pretty good all the
time, despite the past bad breaks.
- 2 -
BECLASSIFIED
E. O, 11652, See E and 5(D) of (I)
OSD-letter, May, 4 1022
By SLR
MAY 21 02/1
Date
CIAL N.A. Rome 173-41
8. The press and technical papers still continue to announce regularly
Italian air attacks on Tobruch, but these are for propaganda purposes, because
(1) Germans have taken over the North African operations and do not operate
in conjunction with Itelian forces and (2) they are not enough Italian aireraft
remaining in Libye to be of importance.
9. Prom Italian East Africe there are no reports of Italian air activity.
I: is believed that the only aircraft left are the personal planes of the high
consent 1th purhapa 8 small unit of protective fighters.
BECLASSIFIED
& O. 11652. Sec. s(8) and 5(D) or
OSD letter. May, 4 1972
By SLR
Data MAY 2 1072
3429 A-1-49
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
1004-200
Serial
192-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 1004-100
From
T
at Home, Italy
Date 2 June,
Reference
CONTACT
RATING
Source
Evaluation
Subject
ITALY
AVIATION
MATERIAL
PLANES (All types)./ PRODUCTION
ITALIAN PLANES AND PRODUCTION NOTES
1. The following, regarding Italian Planes and Production, is quoted
from a report of the American Consul in Milan, dated 28 May, 1941. The
Consul states that his informant seems to be well-informed and well-connected
in Italian Aviation circles, end is believed to be reliable:
REGIONE 2000
(Re=2000 Single-seat fighter - radial engine 1000 HP.
(Re-2001
.
- Mercedes-Benz Engine, 1,100-1,200 HP
(Re-2002
.
.
Diver - Engine not specified.
Informant confirmed the inform tion, already furnished this Consulate by
the previous aviation informer, that the Mercedes-Benz Angines being built by
Alfa-Romeo in Milan are unsatisfactory thus far end that original motors of this
type (Mercedes-Benm-Daimler DB-601, V-type, 12 cylinder, liquid-cooled) have
been requested from Germany. From his experience with new models developed
in Italy in the past, he believes that not more than two or three planes out
of each lot of two dozen or ao of this series will really fly as they should.
On the other hand, the redial motors are satisfactory and are being produced
on a fair seale, he says. The Reggians works are also manufacturing a Fiat
motor, under license, of the following two types: 4074 - 800 HP; A-80 - 1,000
HP. The Re-2001 and Re-2002, requiring the Mercedes-Benz V-type engine, are
still in an experimental stage; this information tallies with that of other
72
informant.
OTHER ITALIAN TIPES (Latest Models only)
Brede 200 Single-seat fighter - experimental;
Brede 201
-
- Diver - Mercedes-Benz Motor - experimental;
Cant-Zappata-506 - 3-engine seaplane (twin float) wood construction, already
obsolete.
Cant-Gappata-511 - 4-Engine Seaplane (twin float), metal construction
(Newest type), a so-called transatlantic civilian
plane, but easily transformable to military uses,
as has already been done with the 506.
(Informant explains that Cant stands for the "Cantieri Aeronavali Triestini",
the ex-Comulich shipyards at Trieste, where it is built, and Zappata is the name
of the designer, who is now secretly stationed et the Breda works, DAAT Milan).
Distribution 11, Orginator O.N.I.
F-10
/
7
/
Cam
/
E. a 11652, Box: 100 and (6) et (i)
OSD legter, May, 1972
1
WAY 21
By SLR
Date
21555.1 (C-9-2)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
215-42
103-100
Manograph Index Guide No 102-100/200
From
T
at
Home, Italy
Date 17 June,
19.41
Reference
NAVA
Source
CONTACTS
Evaluation
RATING
"C"
PORERS/ITALY-POL. FO.CES-PCLICY-FORSIGN/DOMEISTIC/ - INT. RELATIONS.
CURRENT EVENTS AND
9-16 JUNE? 1941.
(1) AXIS WAR NEWS:
(a) Italy.
At San Bartolemeo there is a factory producing torpedo parts in addition
to the torpedo plants at Pole and Naples. Mounting done only near Fiume.
Germany has at present seased to supply coal resulting in slowing down
work in some Italian ament fastories.
Italian Navy told to risk everything to attain vietory before winter.
Italian Fleet consentrated at Tarente 10 June.
Poison gas factory at Odesealshi Mar Brassiano, 30 Da. from Rome.
Officer Ministry Marine states no Italian submarines have come into
Italy from Atlentic during last several months.
6 to 7 months required repair damages to Vitterio Veneto suffered in battle
Matapan. Germany attempting to hurry work on large Italiam Naval units but to
no avail.
Italians forming french speaking force for duty in Tunisia.
Unconfirmed report that Italy has but about 35 surface ships ready for
action and about 30 Submarines. No battleships ready and only 2 heavy cruisers.
Lack of spare parts; parts taken from damaged ships to make repairs on others.
(b) Germany:
Stated Russie has informed Germany that after 1 July no further ship-
73
nexts oil, foods, etc., as per trade agreement.
quirinale source states strong friction between Germany and Russia.
German air command Headquarters moved from Sicily to Crete.
Stukes planes shipped from Germany to Japan have arrived.
(2) MISCELLLANEOUS:
Italy no longer shipping jeme, anoked meet and fats to Germany due clearing
reasons.
Reported I.G. Farbeimindustrie negotiating with prominent U.S. industrial
concern for distribution world market of respective products. Persons comes-
ted this German industry in U.S. are active in Fifth Column organizations.
This organization has been active in other countries in the past.
Spanish Babassy no lenger expects Spanish ambassador to be sent to Rome.
Spanish Government engered at Mussolini's speech classing Spain with Turkey.
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
-
0
(
Budget
War
Resert
i
M.I.D.
H.O.
Cam.
/
Can
2
Medical
"
Nate
3
adD
and
(D)
-
-
us
GSD.
May,
1,1972
By STR
the
MAY 21 1973
.A.Rome #215-41 of 17 June, 1941
Brief (Continued)
Relations between Spoin and General Lood, out between 3ysta 41 19.17 not
too friendly. Itelian apy found in Spenish Foreign Office.
Italian skilled workmen being sent to Gerenny 12 they refuse to volun-
tear.
Stated British propagands now very effective in North Italy.
Consul Milan reports Mussolini's speech 10 June received quietly.
anthusism lacking. Address was week and had depressing affect on
Italians.
"Bread Strikes have taken place in Lilan. Strikes prohibited
by law, thus the seriousness of movement is apparent, but no repressive
measures taken against strikews. Strikes in nature of demonstrations.
BECLASSIFIED
& O. 11652, Sec. NE) and 6(D) or (E)
OSD lessor, May, 4, 1972
MAY 21 1973
By SLR
Date
- -
Mea & - 17, 1941
1.
(a) Italys
Muggiane at is Barbelance there is a fastory producing terpodo parts is addition
OF contact considered reliable reports that half my between La Spoule and
only seall Plum, amoring to this ocutost.
to the torgeto plants at Tele and Reples. Complete meanting of terpodoces is dame
coal to Italy resulting is doving dom work in - of the Italian - fee-
The - email reports that Germany has at present consed to empply
tories. It was - discharging - of the - in -
footaries, but the toust Council decided against this - - 5 June.
"This contact also reports that the Navy (Italian) has bom told to
risk everything to ethels Victory before winter, otherwise. them will be -
food or FOR materials of the marcle of the people will colleges.
. & within - reparts that the Itelian Floot is consentated at
Turento (10 June). This contact dm reports that there to a polom - factory
et - - n Illenotors from have. a also states that there
! I 5 1 é $ I i I I
in officer to the Ministry of Mariae told the Neval Abberho that as
Italian submarises have - into Italy from the atlantés during the last several
menths.
. A contact considered relishic states that 19 will require from 6 to ,
months to effect repairs of damages suffered w the Italian Bettleship VITTOMIO
VERIFO in the bettle of Mategon, if at the the material to - the repaire
is available. Community is attempting to hurry work - larger Italian movel units
under repair but to - evail.
+ A contact sonsidered reliable states that all Italians under 30 years
of up in the Any with a knowledge of the French language - given 48 hours
to report the feet. Combact states that it is pleased to form - Italian (French
force for duty in Tenisis.
in unconfined report has boen reseived to the effect that Italy has but
about 36 surface ships realy for action and about 30 submarines. This serve claims
that not who battleship is realy, and only two heavy exaisers could operate at present.
Italian vessale are piled up in parto due to lask of spare parts etc. Then a ship
to émegod, necessary parts are taken from that ship to effect repairs on another.
Apparently there is no effort OF ability to overhaml damaged ships. This contact's
opinion - in effect that damaging en Italian ship vas just M good as sinking it.
(b) -
- A sentact considered relishle states that Imasia has informed Commany
that after July let there will be as further shipments of odl, feeds, etc., -
per trade agreement. Gorman circles - said to be considerably engared W this
nove.
- A contact considered relicble states that he has learned from a source
in the quirinale that there is very strong friction between Commany at Russia
et present.
. A source that has been found relishie states that the German
Air Commend General livalquariers has boen noved from Steily to Crete. This
source de states that - of the this planos proviously reported - being
shipped to Japen from Germany Inssia have - reached their destination.
*01st of these items reported by Despatch.
DECLASSIFIED
- 3 -
E O. 11652, See. I(E) and I(D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1973
By SLR
Date MAY 2 19/3
- d Im 19, 2961
i
a relicide contact states that due to clearing of other reasons, Italy
w - chips seal, and met and fate to Germany.
e A - - relischio is the part reports that the I.O.
is at process negotiating through representatives in the United States with -
stamp vs. - for distribution is world names of their respective
I a 1 I i I Perspose 2 ala Information (1)
Zechange - - Company. (8) Agree to eliminate certain items of
- production, at (8) - to standardise its output. the principal point
of the - to a distribution of the International Market. It - further
stated that the United theme insurtrialist with when, or through whome regro-
contaitures sign/Mations - being conducted, is a bater of President Receivelt.
It - definitely stated that persons commented with the I.G. Farbenindustrie is
the United States - citim is Fifth Column organizations. In similar activi-
NW in other completion, empecially in matria, this examination has been used
- a
OA relicido contact to the Speniah liaberry says there is no lenger any talk
of . - to Imm. the - recently realy to - but
this contact beldeves that the decision to and Mm - receinded when the Date
note Mo - desiding spele with which engared the Spenish Government.
- states that between Commany of Spoin - fairly post but between
Itsly of Spoin they - met - friendly. - Italian - - recently found
in the Foreign Office is Mailmid the reported bank to - every item of informe-
tim asst out w the Spenish Embergy is Ime.
. - Italian machinist recently told a relieble contact is this effice that it
is as longer a natter of choice who Italian skilled lebores are mated in Germany.
He recently declined to volunteer for week is Germany, but a fee days later he -
recelled for service is the - and on 19 June said he - being sent to Germany
the following day.
. A contact in the Ministry of Fegular Culture reports that British propagania
has taken a - task and 10 - very effective in North Itely - the -
people. The now British agention of telling the Italian workins, in their -
language, have the big industrialists and Fascist leaders camed their fortunes
is finding a very responsive entimes is the industrial districts of Northern
Italy. British programia - feinerly insffective because of attacks - the
Italian - forces which the people did not 18ke. A Major Stephens, who
becaloasts is Italian from London, is very peyalar now.
The American Consul, Milam, reports 14 June, that the speech of Mussoliai on
the 10th of Tume - reseived quietly in Miles. Business houses were closed and
employees - marched into the agares to hear the speech from
Same parto of the speech was but there was mething 11ke entimation. It
is the Injurestion of the Consul, from communications with Italians, that the abdress
la generally regarded w week and had a distinctly depressive effect upon the Itelians
in the Min district. Invoice for further feed charteges and warnings that the ver
may net be emported to ond in the need future depressed the people.
The Commi also reports that a amber of "Freet Strikes*took place in Miles on
5 June at fastories to the autorite. The werkers should demands for more bread.
The already mdl retion - said to have bom further reduced recently. M studines
are prehibited by 1ss, the serioument of the assessed is apparent, but as repressive
measures or attempts to punish the statimen uppear to have born taken W the authori-
ties. The strikes appeared to be of short duration and more in the nature of -
strations, but the fast that they could occur at all uppeare to be highly significant.
BECLASSIFIED
& 0. 13652 See. 2(E) and I(D) or (§
. Gist of these items reported by despatch.
OSD letter, May, 3, 1973
By SLR
Data MAY 2 1973
- 4 -
N. N. 1. 00-040
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial 221-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 1004-200
(Rert - artes - your, La. a. HA 3-49
6 surrespond with SUBJECT gives below, - 0. M. L Inder Ouide
Make expirate report be - main site.)
From
T
at
Home, Italy Date 23 June
. 19.42
(Rip, Best, unit, after, station, - person)
Reference
(Directive, previous related report, etc. If applicable)
Source CONSULAR REPORT
Evaluation Reliable.
(As official, personal observation, politications, pres, conversation with-identify
(As relishis, desibited, unvertised, atc.)
when practicable, Mr.)
Subject
ITALY
AVIATION
MATERIAL
PRODUCTION
(Nation reported on) (Main title - per inder guide) (Rubities) (Malle separate report for each title)
enter careful - of report, containing substance modically stated; Include Important bots, - planes, dates, MA)
RATING "A"
ITALIAN AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE PRODUCTION
1. The following is quoted from a report of the American Consul, Turin,
Das this form for original and copies of page and standard . by 13 Inches plain while paper In altitional pages. Forward original and atx Officers preparting and theme forwarding
I 1 = I inj. 1 I I 1 1 I resided 8 ( à 2 under a I information 1 1 I I I I
dated 13 June, 1941,
"A reliable source has advised me that the "Aeronautica d'Italia"
produced a total of 60 planes during the month of May, 1941. State-
ments of two colonels of aviation agree in that 90 per cent of Italy's
airplane engines are manufactured at Fiat's old Lingotto plant in
Via Nisza, Turin,
"The firm of Biaggio at Finale Ligure makes both airplanes and
airplane engines. This plant is said to have recently increased
the number of its workmen to 2,300.
K a 11652, See sm and S(D) or as
OSD have - 5, 1972
SLR
En
MAY 21 1973
Distribution By Originator
has been required - for Information, for further souting. or for relantion. Indicate by check 00 - the copy the complete distribution of other copies of this report. To
Resting below lar - in O.N.L Draw circle around unit or units (M shows on the distribution block below) to which this particular may of this report
show muting not provided for - this larn, - bank boxes.
ABCOEVII
1
Carl
See, Nov.
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F.A.T.U.
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ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
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NAVY DEPARTMENT
sul 35 1948
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial
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DECLASSIFIED
E O. 11002, Sec. I(E) and 5(D) up
OSD letter, May, i, 1972
By SLR
MAY 2d 1973
75
Date
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7/250-41
1. M.I.D. Regard Mo.17,710 dated I Italy, 5 December, 1940,
orrered a insuription of the now "Supdai" oxperimental plane to be
- W - - Colonal Number de Chief Test Pilot
for the Itdian Mr Feare, - interviewed the other overing w a
true this office and true the date obtained 10 appears
that may programs has boom made to date in bettering perform
sate since last reportal. Although it - stated that no
had been currish, the pilm mid he had más ten flights. the hoped-for
apout of over ⑉ kilmsters per hour is still entirely mythical -
only 100 kilmsters por hour has been obtained. This was -
due to the of the plano of approximately 800 While
this as doubt has a - dog) to 40 with the de apart and
long run for is is believed that the propulative and is or
functioning as experted and results therefore - be mid to to unsults-
factory, although the Milot is entimaticatio regarding the possibilities
for this Wyo. A photograph of the plane - dream and 10 is named in
every request with the emergtion of the tail of the fundage with
appoars return bulbous in from. It is a low wing memoziano, bettem
sects (a), with retrastable leading pour and tail wheel. the absence of
a propaller is also noted as the initial propulsive foree is obtained by
the internal tune systembing within the fusalage which, as reported, is
meraly a Large pitct tube. No further debails of the nothed for igaiting
the gaseline and heating the sir to be expabled could be obtained - this
is considered one of the correta, which esanot be divniged. Only shout
flights have been unde in the vicinity of Milam and the pilot reports
that noise exected by the exhaust - is terrifie resembling the
of a stree, On his first flight over Milen the noise - no greet 10
web taken for - dr raid slam signal and everyone in the city took to
cover and all air defenses wet on the alert. IV is claimed that the
who doos not delature the pilet. Due to the member of years this plane
has been under consideration and study and the usager results obtained
so far, 19 is not considered likely that it will be placed in production
for may months, if not years, to came.
a. It has been learned that a new type fighter plane is being
developed which will have a speed far in excess of any plane so far 00B-
structed in Italy and 4 performance that should be commensurate with
any German or British type. The name and location of the factory and
specifications sould not be obtained.
5. It is stated that there are at present 8 aircraft factories
and 5 aircraft motor factories operating in Italy. Not all of these are
working at full foree especially in the production of planes for the
Italian government. Many of them are working or building parts for the
German Air Junes. It is impossible to obtain any figures whatsoever on
the Italian airplane production.
4. Da talks with officers of the Italian Air Force it. - to be
the consensus of opinion that aircraft carriers do not serve any useful
purpose. They site the darange to the ILLUSTRIOUS and other British aircraft
carriers end feal that they are entirely too vulnerable to attack. Certain
technical experts, however, do net agree as they feel that carriors, when
used in either the Atlentic or Pasifie, could be of great value to a fleet
whereas they may be very vulnerable in restricted waters such as the Enstern
Moditerramen. On the other hand, there is no doubt that the Italian
authorities believe in the value of torpedo planes and are immballing tor-
podo launshing pear on may types suitable for torpedo attack. the few
losses (British, Gettern and Italian) of torpedo planes and the a
obtained w the British, have convinced Italians of the nemessity for
developing the torpedo plane which they had failed to do prior to the
start of the war.
DECLASSIFIED
E. O, 11602, Sec. an and (D) a (i)
OSD Better, May, 1, 1978
MAY 21 1973
-2-
By SLR
Date
21555-X (C-9-e)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
185 -Litive
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
988-160
WM-200
100-100
Serial 200-41
Monograph Index Guide No
-
(T)
with
give
-
z
Trudes
Mass report the main
From
T
at
1
Italy
Date
as July
1941
Best, will, des - - pervi)
Reference
name pervice misted report, if application
Source CONTACTS
Evaluation Indicated
TAX personal pro, movembers
(M relative, down unrerifed, eu
Subject NM INT. RELATIONS.
Name
rejusted
-
Man title per now
(ruhtities)
Make
wjonste
each
title
Backs Liere cuier variful submity of willing substains sustactly states, miss important facts, - place, dales, 4kJ
CURRENT EVENTS AND COMMENT
14 - 81 JULY, 1941,
1. Arts 1st Name:
(a) the
New light cruiser undergoing trials is Trieste area. Probably one of 1938
program.
Be VITTORIO VIKETO and LITTORIO left Maples on 10 July for Meddalema Bay.
reported having shaft troubles.
Large mmbere of people reported leaving Maples for fear of air raids.
Difficulty supplying axis troops is North Africa growing serious due
British submarize compaign. Inc. coastal traffic practically suspented.
Vessel. ask in late - confused with CORTEIA - emxillery eraiser
INFIRIA of 11,000 team. CORIETA positively not sunk.
Italian attack on Malta still not confirmed. N.A. Inco estimates there
are 6 divisions Italian Any in Serdinis, ultimate destination unknown.
Bettleship VITTORIO VINETO reported being constently shifted between
parts to world British benting.
German and Italian efficials astenished at assurecy of British bombers
(b) Germany.
Germans again moving troeps to North Africa.
Increased suffering - Germal troops Morth Africa due load prisening.
German Ministries opening additional offices in Viema for fear soming air
raids. Ministers spending much time Vienna.
2. Miscellaneous:
Present Japanese Government temperary. will - be replaced with .
predeminantly - cabinet with Kensye out.
Japanese foree of over 100,000 including 500 Gezmem pilots mi mechanics
assembled at realy. Heavy equipment leaded - transports. Information on
destination not available.
3 representatives of last Indian revelutionary Party in Dame. Said to be
responsible only to Masselini and Ciemo. Information relating to their activi-
ties or names not available. One calls kinself Chediei or Codei.
76
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
N
Reving space below for - in o. 1. Invo and unit - units - does - the Has to which this particular engy of this report
revied for Internation, for further name, the mission Indicate y clark a un the ego the complete distribution of other copies of this report. To
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DECLASSIFED
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Return to
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Room No.
E.
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11652, Sec. 3(1) and 6(D) at (I)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY
CONFIDENTIAL
N. A. Rome 259-41 01-22 July, 1941
1. AXIS WAR NEWS:
(a) Italy:
*From a new end untested source it was recently learned that a new light
cruiser has been undergoing trials in the Trieste-Pola area. This is probably
one of the 1938 program.
"From another now source it was learned that the VITTORIO VENETO and LITTORIO
left Naples for Maddalena Bay on the night of 10 July after an air raid on Naples.
when about 40 miles from Naples the Littorio was forced to tow the VITTORIO
VENETO. since recent repairs the VENETO reported having serious shaft troubles.
inting "A" - Great numbers of people are reported leaving Naples since the
recent air raids commenced.
Rating "A" - Due to British submarines, the difficulty of supplying the
Axis troops in Africa is growing very serious. sven the coastal service between
Naples and Genos is prectically suspended. This report from an official Italian
source.
*The vessel sunk in late June which was confused with the GORIZIA was the
auxiliary cruiser ESPERIA of 11000 tons. the GORIZIA was positively not sunk
as reported. Rating "A".
The Italian Attack on Malta is still unconfirmed (See my 252-41 of 15 July).
The ailitary Attache, come, estimates that there are 6 Divisions Italian army in
Sardinia. The ultimate destination of these troops 10 unknown.
*Rating "B" - Reported that the battleship VITTORIO VENETO is constantly
being shifted between ports of Sicily and .estern Italy, and to oardinia, to
avoid British bombing attacks.
Rating "B" - German and Italian officials are astonished at the accuracy of
new British bombers used in raids on Naples. Military objectives were hit and
destroyed within a few yards of non-military objectives without injuring the
civil population.
a a 11652, Sec. S(E) and NO) or (10
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLB
Date
MAY 21 1973
(b) Germany:
Germany is again moving troops to Morth Africa. 500 German troops are re-
ported to be passing through Italy each night going south. It is believed that
these troops are being concentrated either in Messine or Reggio Calabria. anting
"B".
*Rating "A" - There is increases suffering among German troops in North
Africa due to lead poisoning due to use of badly preserved foods. The German
military authorities demanded supplies from the Italians who replied that they
had no more preserved food.
*Rating "B" - German Winistries reported to have opened additional offices
in Vienna for fear of coming British bombardments of Berlin, and German kinisters
reported spending much time in Vienna. Trains running south out of Berlin reported
packed with people escaping from Berlin.
*Gist of these items reported by despatch.
- 2 -
CONFIDENTIAL
N.A. Rome 7259-41 of July 22, 1941
2. MISCELLAN&OUS:
*Rating "B" - The recently formed Japanese Government is a temporary arrange-
ment which will soon be replaced with a predominantly army cabinet with Konoye
out. This report is said to have come from German embassy at Home.
The same source states that a Japanese force of over one hundred thousand,
including five hundred German pilots and mechanics, is assembled and ready.
Heavy equipment such as tanks, trucks, guns, planes (including Stukes) is already
loaded on transports. There is no information whether the move will be towards
Kemchatks, Indo China, or East Indies.
Rating "C" - Reported that there are now in Rome three (3) representa-
tives of the Indian (east) revolutionary party. One claims to be a professor
in a Home school or college, one states he was formerly in the United States and
nothing 18 known of the third. AD employee of this office has associated with
this party and be was told that they were responsible only to Mussolini and
Ciano and that they never did business with myone also. On one occasion,
when out for a walk in the evening, with our employee, they were being annoyed
by a policeman who persistently followed close behind them. AS a demonstration
of their power here one of themseald he would talk to the policeman and to
observe what happened. He spoke in Italian and it is said that the policeman
was 80 scared he could hardly speak and immediately left them to continue their
walk alone. This office has no further information relating to their activi-
ties nor are their names known but one of them calls himself either Chedoi or
Cedoi.
*Gist of this item reported by despatch.
- 3 -
REGISTRED
& a 11652, See. 100 knd S(D) or (1)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
Dy SLR
Date May 1343
N.N.I.M-IND
21055.4 (e-9-e)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
808-300
NAVY DEPARTMENT
1004-300
1005-200
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
C
103-100
Serial 268-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 102-100/800
(Start - write each year,
(To with STRIECT given letter - N. 1. Indes Duide
Make report be each main take
From
?
at Rome, Itely,
Date July,
19(h)
(Abip, Beet, whil, district, office, station, of person)
Reference
(Treective, pervice misted repart, etc. if applicable)
Source CONTACTS
Evaluation Indicated
(As official, personal observation, publications, pres, naverative with sientify
(As relative, directful unverided, etc
harprinting
Subject FORONS-FOLICY-FORMICN/DOMESTE INT. RELATIONS.
(Nation reported en)
(Main title - per intes guidel
(Aubtitles)
(Make separate rejust be each title)
Baiar. (Llure enter careful minimary of regult, overaining substance maximally stated, include Important lacts, - places, daine, etc.)
OURNINGT events AND COMMIST
REGUMENTS
1941.
e. See
1.
95D letter, May, L.1973
(a) Italys
By su
Date MAY 1973
Settern tenits and tracks seen at Optio near Dame. Decks at Hydroplem.
Base calerged.
4a as July British photographed Itely's largest powder pleat near Segai,
as Miles from - British planes not attached W Ach. fire or fighters.
1
Italian Aviater reports - 2000 Gemes tanks in Africa. New attack being
propered against Street Comena treat Italians bodly. Chief of Italian General
Staff agent 10 days to africa, recently.
w people Milled or musted is last British attack - Hoples. Much damage
when
to Part and failured station. - fuel stores burnet to - days. 15
is air - desd to Public mi # houses damaged of destroyed.
Mame, Mists one coverely of Regal Mr Posto splentid, but bothe defective.
Lamps - boths failed to explode ta raids - Mapico. 611 destroyed is reid
- British property.
planse is attack Exples come is over Cepri at low altitude. He
fortifications of est kind on Island.
10 people billed on train is Station at Neples. Train get direct Mt.
a British planes brought from is raids on Neples. - ships mak or Mt.
se light bombers or recommaisemes planes observed - fide 2007 Litteria.
Submit
as 19 July 9 small warships in Exples harber and large Germen easy reming.
On as July convey at shipe Sal departed. All Itelian forees are embarized end
dospatable from German ferees from Maples.
8 Damaged submarizes noted is Heples Master - 19 July. Be others present.
Leage Suman battery with Gettern fies and senstikes everythere at entremee
to imer before at Magico. maying to population.
⑉ Gestern treeps a twoin for Magics. Comentration Germans is Maples and
di
conveys Leave - two dage with twoops and actorial.
reported is egainst Italians. Italian geterner jailed.
retained
Italians have discovered Bettish have five instead of three airports in Melta.
Math field has 5 - built is ha of a star. Italians consider 10 welcose to
bemb fields - there - - both plane has - individual protected
hunger. That e plane to last a replacement arrives from Alementric.
10000 Goomen tooopo is Emples to # to North Africa. Mifficulty shipping.
Italians distribed - chipping leases which they commer, replace as fast - lest.
Distribution By Originator
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Brief (Continued)
Italians forming division of sappers to aid in attack on Tobruk.
stated reports of bad health mong German troops incorrect.
Italians convinced Anglish preparing offensive in North africa.
Sombing of haples would demoralize population if continuous for week,
every night, and results could not be foretold.
Source in Italian Foreign Office - Italians told by Germans that
German losses in first three weeks of Russian campaign runs 70-80 thou-
sand casualties
Italians concerned over fact British forces in &gypt stronger then
Axis forces.
Italians now feel Russian compaign may turn into a "China War".
Believe Britain's situation more favorable than a short time ago.
Informant waiting 8 days at Civitavecchia for convoy for Sardinia.
Now takes 16 to 18 hours for voyage instead of 6 or 8 formerly.
Italians and Germans greatly impressed by efficiency of British
espionage system in Naples.
40,000 patriots organized in Montenegro, well armed, well lead end
well equipped. This force immobilizing 200,000 Italian soldiers.
ratriots destroyed Italian amored regiment.
Observer on Capri reports only 8 or 10 British bombers over Naples
during recent raids. They first circle around from Capri to city singly.
German G.H.a. building in Naples hit.
Large concentration of verman planes at Guidonia near Home. Germans
have stores and supplies deposited in external environments of Rome.
Castellammare Navy Yard, on Bay of Naples, severely damaged in raids.
3 Trains loaded with tanks, trucks and amored cars passed through
Rome enroute Naples few nights ago. here were 35 merchant ships in
British convoy which Italians attacked in Streits of Sicily.
air Base of Augusta heavily damaged in bombardment. New air base at
Giardini.
Gariboldi has been relieved as Italian Conmander-in-Chief. Relief
thought to be insignificant.
(b) Germany:
Germans have taken reserves from northern front and southern front
to assist in over-powering Russian forces near Smolensk.
Folgter Aircraft Factory ready for mass production of large condor
type bomber of new design.
2. MISCELLANNOUS:
Attempt will be made to overthrow the argentine Government.
2 Generals and 40 officers involved in plot arrested at Livorno.
at Ferrara Fascist leaders arrested.
Germans ordered 1000 planes in Italy and promised rew materials.
Materials not furnished and work stopped. Believed German aircraft
production has dropped recently.
- 2 -
DECLASSIFIED
E. a 11652, Sec. S(B) and 5(D) or (R)
OSD letter, May. 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
N.A. Rome 265-41
1. AXIS WAR
(a) Italy:
Rating " - On as July, about 6:00 p.m., - eye-withess saw four large tanks
and BOTOR mailer case (all German) followed by several trucks and a repair truck
pass through Getia (Secuide resert mer Name) from the Finate towards the Eydro-
plane leading base. All afterness one could see recommaissence planes is the eky
over the court and the nearby countryside. Vitams tried to follow the tanks but
was provented by the Felice. Subsequently be hired a mall boat, protending to
- for a little emparation, in order to approach the Hydroplane Base from the sea.
The ing. dooks appeared to be calarged and a cargo vessel of 10,000 tone was approach-
"Rating "B" - On 22 July a single British plane circled Italy's largest powder
pleat mar segai, 25 miles from Rome, several times. The plane flew under 2000
feet, presumably photographing. The markings were clearly visible. There was no
anti-aireraft defense and no Itelian planes attacked although flying fields were
located less them 10 minutes flight.
Rating "B" - The fellowing items from the sume source:
Source - Italian Aviater from Bengasi recently (1) There are 2000 German tanks
in Africa. (8) A now sttack is is preparation on Tobruk which they must take if they
west to do anything against Rgypt. (S) The Germens treat the Italians very badly,
over is Greese. The Chief of the Itelian General Staff (Reatta) spent 10 days is
Africa. Believed that this is a confirmation that something being prepared for the
near fature.
From two different sources - In the last British attack on Naples, 400 people
were killed and wounded. The railway jumetion wes 80 badly damaged that passengers
for Home had to go several kilematers out of town to take the train. Much damage
was caused is the Port and the railread station. Fires not in the Fuel Stores
were burning two days later. 18 precincts in the city were closed to the sublic
and 65 houses were demaged or destroyed. The Home train was 16 hours late.
Rating "B" - The following items from the same source:
*In the attacks on Maples, the planes, pilets and accuracy of the Royal Air Force
proved themselves splendid, but the bombs were defective. Large numbers of bombs
failed to explede (seme 25 to 35 persent) and greatly reduced the effectiveness of
the raids. The 011 Refinery at Naples was hit and seriously damaged. The oil de-
stroyed was German property md a great deal was pumped into the bay to avoid
explosions.
British Please, in attacking Neples, always come in over Capri at a very lew
level. There are now 20 fortifications of any kind on the island. Until recently
there were anti-aireraft fertifications but these have now been removed.
In the second raid on Naples 18 people were killed on a train in the Station
ready to depart for Potensa. This train got a direct hit.
No British planes were brought down on my of the raids on Naples. No ships
were sunk in the harbor and name were hit. This informant states the British bombing
was too dispersed. for maximum effect it should be consentrated on the center of the
port. Many bombs dropped in various outlying areas which did no damage.
30 light bembers or reconnaissemce planes observed on a field 10 kilometers from
Littoria on the reilway to Maples.
On Saturday, 19 July, there were 9 mall warships (destroyers, torpedo boats and
a couple of light eruisers) in Naples and a large German convey forming. On 22 July
the convey had departed and there were only 3 or 4 mall units remaining. all Italian
forees are embarized and dispatched from Syracuse, Sicily. all German forces and mater-
ial are dispatched from Maples.
On 25 July there were two large (over 15,000 tons) merchant ships lying in the
inner harber of Maples.
Two damaged submarines were noted in Naples harbor on 19 July. No other sub-
marines were observed.
BEGLASSIFIED
"Gist of these items reported by despatch.
E.O. 11652, Sec. non and 8(D) = (i)
OSD latter, May, 4, 1972
By SLR
- 3 -
Date MAY 21 19/3
N.A. home 265-41
AS the entrance to the inner port of Naples there is a large German battery
with the Gosman neg and swastikes painted everywhere. This is very annoying
to the population who say that it is only necessary to ⑉ whose flug is flying
to know who is been of the city.
On the train . which informant travelled to Naples on Saturday, 19 July,
the re was come 800 Gettern troops mé officers. There can be no doubt, states
the informant, that Gezman forces are being consentrated is Exples is large
- for substitution for Morth Africa. Cenveys leave every few days with
thrusands of soldiers end mach material.
This informent states there has boen a revelt in Montenegro against the
Italians. The Italian Governor has been jailed. Many Italian soldiers being
sent from Italy to quall rebellion.
Rating "A" - (Souree in Itelian Ministry of Marine - Naval Officer) -
The Italians have discovered by that the British have five
instead of three airports in Malte. Bank field has 5 russays built in the form
of a star with each russey a mile leag. The Italians consider it useless to
attempt to bomb these russeys inammuch as there are so many. in Malta the
mglish have about 300 planes. sash plane has its own protested individual hengar.
AS soon as a plane is lest, a replacement arrives from alexandria.
*There are 18,000 German troops is Maples ready for transportation to North
Africa. The great difficulty is shipping. The Italians are very much disturbed
over their shipping lesses and know that they commet cope with the rate of
lesses due to Maglish submarizes and light craft in the Central mediterrement.
The Italians are forming . division of sappers to aid in the rertheeming
attack on Tobruk.
Reports of bed health mong the German troops is incorrect. They suffer
from such troubles - do other soldiers in tropical countries.
The itelians are convinced that the English are building up for an offen-
sive soon in North africa and believe that the anglish could sweep right on
through to Tripoli. They expect the offensive to start soon (within a month)
even though the weather is unfavorable.
This officer claims that the English should bomb Naples every night for
a week. The outcome of such continued action would completely demoralize the
Neapolitans and there is no telling what might be the result.
. Rating "B" - From Informant in the Foreign Office: Italians told by the
Germens that their the Germen) losses in the first three weeks of the Russian
compaign runs between 70 - 80 thousand casualties.
Same informant reports that Italians are concerned over fast that British
forees in Agryt in all categories (mm, planes, tanks, etc.) are much superior
to Axis forees and that Italians are - a British offensive.
Italians now feel that Ressien compaign might tura into a China Tar and
that no matter what the outeome only Britain will be the gainer. Also, that the
British situation all around looks more favorable than it did a short time ago.
AD Italian Army Officer told a nember of the Naval Attache's Office force
that he has been waiting at Civitavesshia for 8 days for a convoy to form to
take him to Sardinia. This delay is partly due to all ships being employed in
moving troops to Sardimia and North Africa, but mainly to the fact that the
authorities are waiting for adoquate sonvoying ships to protect a convoy to
Sardinia. Instead of the 6 or 8 hours previously required for the trip to
Sardinia, from 16 to 18 hours are now required because of the devious routes
taken by the ships. Rating "A".
AB Italiam army Officer told a contact in the Naval Attache's office
that one of the things that impresses the German ml Italian any authoriti os
in Naples most of all is the artresrdinary speed with which the British get
information en every Axis move in that area. In a few hours after may
importent move is made a British reconnaissance plane is over to have a look.
This officer states that the British espionage system REASED in Naples is very effec-
tive.
K. a 11652, Sec. S(E) and S(D) or (1)
*Gist of these items reported by despatch.
OSD latter, May, 1972
MAY 21 1973
By, SLR
Date
- 4 -
N.A.Mome 265-41
Rating "A" - From a source in the Ministry of War: 40,000 men (patricts)
(called bandite by the Italians) are organized in Montenegro and along the
Albanies border. This force is well armed, wall led, and wall equipped. Because
of this large foree 200,000 Italiam soldiers are in effect immobilised.
A few days ago an Itelian armored reginent (at least travelling in amored
care) - out off and eleened up.
Rating " - An observer on Capri stated that it appeared that there were
only 8 or 10 British bembers over Heples during the recent raids and that they
first circled around from Caperi to the city singly. The German G.K.Q. building
in Neples - hit by a bomb. This was very discomerting to both the Italians
and Germans who did not like the fact that the location of this building was
known to the British.
. Rating "A" - There is a large concentration of German planes at Guidonia
near Rome. In addition, the Germans have stores and supplies deposited in the
external environments of Rome. This report was confirmed from another source.
Rating "B" - It is reported that the Castellammare Neval Yards, on the Bay
of Maples, were severely damaged in the air raid on the night of 20 July. Thou-
mands of Neapolitans leave Naples every night to sleep in the country for fear
of British air raids on the city.
*Rating "B" - Three trains loaded with tanks, trucks and armored cars passed
through Rome earoute Neples several nights ago. From some source - There were
35 merchant ships in the British convoy which the Italians attacked in the
Straits of Sicily.
- Rating "B" - The Air Base of Augusta was heavily damaged in recent bombard-
nent. There is a new air base at Giardini near Tecrmina.
Rating "B" - The Italian Commander-in-Chief in Libya, Gariboldi, has been re-
lieved. The new one is thought to be very insignificant.
(b) Germany:
Rating "B" - The Germans have taken all their reserve strength from the
northern front and from the southern front to assist in over-powering the Russian
forees near Smolensk.
From same source - The Fokker aircraft Factory has completed triels and is
ready for mass production of large condor type bombers capable of carrying a
load of 25 tons, 7,450 miles, at a speed of 210 miles per hour.
"gist of these items reported by despatch.
a 5 -
DEPLASSIFED
E. O, 11652, Sec. XR and 5(D) or (10
OSD latter, May. % 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 1973 8
N.A. home 265-41
CONFIDENTIAL
2. MISCELLANEOUS:
Rating "C" - In a few days there will be an attempt to overthrow the Argen-
tine Government. (25 July).
. Rating "B" - at Livorno 2 generals and forty officers involved in a plot
have been arrested. These officers were connected with a triumvirate of Badoglio,
Graziani and a men in whom they have confidence in the Royal Court, the purpose
being to "Save Italy". At Ferrare the Chief of the Gruppo Universitario Yes-
cista and the Federale of the Party were arrested for the same reason.
Rating "B" - Source - italian Aviation General - The Germans have ordered
1000 planes in Italy, guaranteeing delivery of raw materials. Work had to be
stopped due to lack of raw material. Caproni went to Berlin where he was told
that for the present nothing can be delivered. Caproni believes German aircraft
production has dropped recently.
*Gist of this item reported by despatch.
- 6 - CONFIDENTIAL
confidential
23089-A (F.6.p)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
912-2500
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
808-300
912-1000
Serial 281-41
Monograph Index Guide No
1005
From
T
at
Rome, Italy
DA
NAVA
Reference
Source CONTACT
Evaluation
RATING "A"
LAs
personal
I
Subject
ITALY
HAVY
OPERATIONS
ITALY AIR FORCE OPERATIONS
(Nation Imported -
(Main ID - -
Date (liene enter camful commany of regart, containing information receiving stated. inquired plan
CONT SATION BY MINDER or IMPART STATE SIVE ITALIAN OFFICIAL
Following points brought out:
Italian having difficulty gettin an and supplies to North Africa due to
British operations is Leases material large.
Attack by MAS bests ea Malta failure. Mest of bests lest.
Very few British mon-of-way hit by terpedees all these hit damaged little
due to alser protection.
Ratire theory upon which Italian Fleet built proved vous. Large fares
T i 7 I I and
of admarises failed to bring shout blookade - orjected. $5 submarizes lost
first too maths of war - now tasties elepted but 100000 continue.
Italian efficial visited Malta shertly before the var. b is convinced
Island segmet be taken. Mary large underground hangers end may hundreds of
A.A. pas. A.A. defenses heavy and consentrated. Suiside for planes to como
in for attack under 5,000 meters.
NAISSHI
M. a 11669, See 200 and 5(D) or (R)
OSD betwee, May, , 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY 21 1973
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
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COLFIDENTIAL T-281-41
CONVERSATION BY MEMBER OF ABADY STAFF WITH
ITALIAN OFFICIAL
1. In 8. conversation between 8. Member of the Ambassy Staff and an Italian
Officiel, the following points were brought out:
The Itelians are having great difficulty in getting men and particularly supp-
lies to North -frica. The loss of supplies between Naples and Tripoli has been
very great and 8 fairly large number of men have been lost; the reason for the
loss of men being comparatively small is that extra precautions have been taken
before convoys carrying troops have been sent through. These convoys start out
from Neples and other southern ports and usually have to turn back to port three
or four times before they are permitted to proceed. For this reason there is an
extra large concentration of troops, mostly Italians, awaiting transport to North
Africa.
The attack by the MAS boats at Malta was mything but a success and most of
the boats were lost. However, a few of them returned safely to port due to the
fact that they had not proceeded into the coast as far as the others. The official
talked with a Marine officer in charge of a MAS boat who stated that he was very
much disappointed with the efficacy of the boats which had not proved as useful
RS it had been hoped they would. In this connection the same officer stated that
when it was announced by the Ministry of Marine that each member of the crew of
B. MAS boat would receive 40,000 lire if they should torpedo an enemy aircraft
carrier, his particular crew cruised around almost steadily for three or four
days, all five members with their eyes glued to binoculars looking for a British
aircraft carrier. They did not find one.
Regarding the alleged loss of British men-of-war, the same officer stated
that very few British men-of-war had been even hit by torpedoes and that when
they were hit, their armored protection was BO good that little damage was done
to the ships and the proceeded on their course without further ado.
In regard to the Italian /leet, the officer stated that the entire theory
upon which the fleet had been built had proved to be wrong. A large force of
submarines had not been efficacious in bringing about an air-tight blockade as
they had been expected to do and the losses of Italian submarines have been
very great. Since 23 submerines were lost in the first few months of the war,
the Italian Navy had to adopt new tactics in order to conserve the remainder
of these ships. Despite these precautions, losses still continue.
The Italian official stated that he had visited Malta shortly before the war
and, on the basis of what he had been shown at that time and further indications
which have reached him later, he is convinced that the island cannot be taken.
He was shown the many and large underground hangars which had been constructed
by the British to protect their planes and he had seen many of the hundreds of
anti-aireraft guns stationed all over the island. In discussing the diffi-
culties of air attacks on Malta with Italian pilots, the latter informed the
official that the anti-aircraft defenses were so heavy and concentrated that
it was suicide for any of the Italian planes to come in for the attack under
5,000 meters."
-
E. & 11692 See (E) and S(D) If (I)
(si) lesser, Nov. 1, 1072
Date MAY 21 1973
By BER
- 2 -
M-INI
COT
ISSUED BY THE DIVISION
23059-A(A-1-f) 23059-A A-1-F
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
1001-100
1002-400
Serial
265-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 1000-800
Fun - with each 19M. 1-80, 2-00
(T> correspond with STRIECT pur Vive - n. N. 1 Inter time
Make reparate reput the each TIAS
From
T
at Rame, Italy
Beet, unit, datret, after Halva, of person)
DHAV. August
19..41
Reference
Directive, provide misted rejert, ⑉ d'appiration
Source Observation and contact
Evaluation
(As diral persiosi per prese, responsable with-identify
As indicated
(As relative, unverted, est
when practicable, Mr.)
Subject ITALY
AVIATION
OPERATIONS
(Natin regulted MM
(Main title - per index note
(Make wjunce report 14 time
Liem sular und Military of reputt, - substative Assually stated, include Important bill - plans, dates, no.)
AVIATION INFORMATION
SO July - 5 August,1941
Reported Bydtish night recommaissance over Rome.
British using Capri as rendezvous for aireraft; fortifications and M
batteries removed.
All M defenses in Neples stated to be manned by Germans; only one British
plane shot down in Naples raids, said to be by American pilot in Italian
fighter plane.
Serious commarcial seeplane accident at Ostia, 30 July; 24 passengare,
8 killed, others wounded.
your hundred German planes in Sisily; have probably come from Greese and
Crete.
Germane will not allow overseas transport of German personnel without
German aireraft essorts no confidence in Italian aireraft protection.
NO unusual sonsentration of aeroplanes at Ciampino airport.
Listening station and searchlight an Monte Cavo, 25 miles from Rome.
DERASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, Sec. 2(R) and 5(D) or (7)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
Distribution By Originator O.N.I.
Rowing apois below for - in o, N.L Dew circle unit - gots (as shows - the distribution Nork Televe) to which this particular copy of this report
for tees - for intenation, for further noting if M registion. Indivate by check 07 on - mgs the complete distribution of of Vale report. To
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IDEA
T/283-41
1. Rating Baker - Two or three nights before the British
raids on Naples July 10th and 11th, several aeroplanes could be
distinetly heard flying over Rome. They were also observed by a
number of persons but could not be identified. As no alars was
sounded the impression was gained that they were Italian but it
is wall known that the Italian Air Force seldom, if ever, operates
at night. Yesterday, July 50th, from a reliable source, it VILE
learned that the planes were astually British, evidently on a re-
connaissance flight as no bombs were dropped. It is stated that
the Italian screand in Home knew they were British and purposely
withheld all anti-aireraft gunfire for fear that if a defense barrage
was set up the planes might drop bombs on the city.
2. Rating Cost - The same source states that the British have
some sort of an agreement with the Vatiean not to drop boubs on Rome.
As the Pope is still in the Vatican and has made no plans to go to his
summer residence, it is believed he is remaining near Rome to further
insure that no bombing will take place.
3. Rating Afirm - It has been confirmed from a German source,
who resides on Capri, that the British have been using that island as
a rendezvous for aircraft (see my serial #268-41)29 July,1941) and
that all fortifications and anti-aireraft defense batteries have been
removed.
4:1 Rating Cast - All anti-aireraft defenses in and around Naples
are either wholly German or named by Geruans.
5. Reting After - Including all raids on Naples, only oue British
plane has over been brought down.
Rating Cost - It is rumored that this was accomplished by an Am-
erican pilot (who had previously flown in Spain) using an Italian fighter
plane. He took off and was able to intereept the British plane, which
had evidently been damaged, before it reached Capri, shooting it down
near there where it fell into the 308. It is not believed that any of
the crew were saved.
6. Rating Afirm - A serious accident occurred near the seaplano
airport at Ostia on Wednesday, July 30th, when a commercial passenger
seaplane (Rome-Messina route) with 84 persons abogrd crashed shortly
after take-off as one of its motors out out. The model of the plane
is not known as the only information obtained is that it was a hydro-
plane. Eight persons were burned to death and all others are suffering
from severe burns as well as wounds. An effort will be made to determine
the model and type of plane as the largest passenger capacity for Italian
seaplanes heretofore known was sixteen. No release, to date, August 4th,
has been made to the press concerning this accident, nor is it likely
that any account will be published.
7. Rating Baker - From a South American source information has been
received that the Germans have sent four hundred planes to Sicily. This
report checks with one from a different source which stated tl.at the
Germans had sent two air divisions to Sicily. AS the latter report is
from an Italian source, it is presumed that the numerical strength is
based on that of an Italian division of fighters, interceptors and light
bombers, which totals two hundred planes, including reserve, The in-
formation from both sources therefore checks at four hundred planes.
8. Rating Cast - It is believed that the majority of these planes
have come from Greece and Crete. Their purpose is to protect the Sieilian
Channel and to oppose any raids or landings in that area. The recent
defense weakness in that area due to absence of German planes and pilots
has given rise to the fear that the British night go so far as to attempt
BECLASSIFED
- 1 -
E O, 11652 See. 3(E) and (D) or (E)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
MAY 21 18/3
By SLR
Date
CONPIDE
CAEIDEATIAL
T-283-41
a landing on Sicily. It is quite possible that German interceptors
will be used to attack British planes should new raids be attempted
on Naples. This concentration of planes on Sicily will again constitute
a monage to British navel forces and merchant convoys in the waters
south of Sicily.
9. Rating Baker - The Germans will not allow oversea transport
of German personnel or material unless escorted by German airoraft as
they have no confidence in the ability of the Italians to protect
either convoys or individual ships.
10. Rating Afim - On 3 August, a representative of this office
was able to drive by the Cismpino military airport near Rome where it
had previously been reported (my serial 260-41, July 22nd) there was
a large concentration of planes. Nothing unusual was noted as it
appeared that only the normal complement of transports, bombers and
fighters for an airport of its size were on the line. Only one plane,
a Macchi fighter, was in the air and apparently making a check flight.
The complement of planes at Littorio airport remains unchanged and at
a normal figure.
Comment - As no definite information was available as to the
models, types or nationality of planes reported concentmated on airports
near Rome, it is possible that if there was such a concentration, the
planes were of German origin and forming part of the divisions reported
above, now stated to be on Sicily.
11. Rating Afim - About 25 miles from Rome on Monte Cavo, the
park of a mountain near Rocca di Papa, altitude three thousand feet,
there is located a small detail of Army personnel manning aircraft
listening devices and, as far as could be noted, one searchlight
mounted on the top of the belfry of what Was formerly a church but
now an inn. No anti-aircraft guns were visible and further investige-
tion could not be made due to military zone restrictions.
MASSED
E. O. 116/2, See, S(E) and I(D) 12 (R)
OSD Intter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY 21 1973
- 2 -
L
06-1960
21555.3 (e.q.e)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
103-100
Serial 284-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 102-100/200
-
(T) current with NECT given - - 43, N. tate daide
Make rejusive rights each mail title
From
I
at Rome, Italy.
Date 5 August,
19.41
- out, used, district, are date or person)
Reference
Directore, previous related report, etc. if applicable T.AVA.:
Source CONTACTS
Evaluation Indicated
(As - personal publications, - with-stensity
LAS reliable, corrented -
Subject ITALY/PONENS-POL. practicable, FORCES-POLICY-FOREIGN/DOMESTIC/ INT. RELATIONS.
what
etc.
(Nation reported
Main
sitle
to
per
index
guider
(fubtitles)
(Make separate report the each the
clients - valued - of rejurt, - ministre manimity stated, I important lacts, - - Jaima, vic.)
CURRENT AVENTS AND COMMENT
28 JULY - 4 AUGUST, 1941.
1. AXIS MAR NEWS:
(a) Italy:
Italian oil reserves now being used and they are having difficulty in
getting replenishments. No searcity of fuel in German forces indicated.
Germans transporting oil through Mediterranean from Roumania.
Production of synthetic gasoline in Italy at minimum. 2 plants.
Italian cruisers and destroyers delivering tanks to North africa.
3 Divisions and 4 battalions Blackshirts sent to Montenegro to control
situation. 500 revolutionists killed in Albania.
Italians producing gas in large quantities.
Large Italian submarines carry German officer. Designated "guest" but
actually in command.
Italian troops on the Russian front but not yet in action.
Guerilla war in Croatia greatly on increase. Much sabotage.
(b) Germany:
Germans sending troops through Naples in small groups. Heavy material
passing through Greese, leaving from Patras and Crete. Material shipped in
individual ships unemecrted.
No information on German oil and gasoline reserves but apparently no
ddfficulty at present. 011 fields and refineries in Roumania serioualy
demaged.
Russians near Smolensk said to be surrounded but Germans are in turn
surrounded. Outcome depends on availability of Russian reserves.
Moral depression in Germany more marked. Food question much worse.
Some synthetic gasoline factories in Germany seriously damaged by R.A.F.
New ones built and working in center of Germany.
Most difficult problem for Germany and Italy at present is serious
lack of natural rubber. Synthetic rubber does not stand up in hot climates.
maint
Increase in disquist in Germany. Some Italians viewing internal situa-
tion in Germany with Alam.
Germans putting pressure on Tarks for passage of troops to attack England.
Turkey has been promised Syria, Irak and Mosul oil district for cooperation.
(e) Japan
Japanese Troops ready for movement aimed at Dutch East Indres.
svv
Distribution By Originator
-1-
Navap, Special
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795-41
brief (Continued)
2. Miscellaneous:
reported killing of idbts and allegedly crazy persons
practically completed. Starting soon on old and ineffective
people.
800 cathelic priests of German origin in Italy. Cannot
return to Germany, prohibited by German government.
According to Lateran Treaty rope cannot leave Home
during war time.
English Lady, married to en Italian told in letter from
Italian Consul in Cologne that in the middle of August there
"would be great heat" in the land of her birth, implying a
Germen attack on Angland about that time.
Discontent in Italy increasing, but people still have
much confidence in Germany's strength.
DECLASSIRED
E.O. 11862, Sec. 3(R) and MD) or (12
- 2 -
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
1. AXIS AR NEWS
(a) Italy:
"Italian 011 Reserves are now being used and they are having great ifficulty
in getting replemishments. There appears to be no scarcity of fuel in Vie German
forces. The Germans are reported to be transporting oil through the Lediterranean
from Roumania. Rating "B".
* ating "B" - The production of synthetic gasoline in italy is at a minimum
(25,000 tons) due to lack of coal. There are two factories for production of
synthetic gasoline, one at Livorno and mother at Bari.
*xating "B" - Italian oruisers and destroyers are delivering tanks and armored
equipment to North Africa. The destroyers carry one tank forward and one aft;
the cruisers 2 forward and 2 aft.
*Rating "A" - 3 Divisions and 4 battelions of Blackshirts have been sent to
Montenegro to help control the situation. 500 revolutionists were killed in
Albenia. This has been confirmed. The inspector general of Communications
was assassinated in Delmatis.
*Rating "A" - The Italian laboratory for experiments on poison gases at Milan
and manufacturing plants there, have been producing gas in large quantities.
*Rating "B" - An officer in the Italian Army on duty in Sardinia told a
member of the Neval Attache's Office that all the large Italian submarines
basing in Sardinia carry a German officer on board who is officially designated
as a "guest" but is natually in command.
Rating "B" - It is reported that some Itelian troops have reached a point
on the Russian Front 50 miles beyond the doumanian frontier, but have not yet
been in action.
- Rating "B" - In Croatia Querilla war by armed bands has recently greatly
increased and begins to assume disquieting proportions, especially as there
is much sabotage.
(b) Germany:
*Rating "B" - It is reported that the Germens are sending their troops through
Naples in small groups but all heavy material, such as tanks, automobiles, planes,
ete., is passing through Greece, leaving from Patras and Crete. This material
is shipped in individual ships not in convoy. Under cover of darkness these ships
are able to min the journey to Libya mostly at night. Being unescorted they
do not attract attention.
*These items reported by despatch.
- 3 -
DECLASSIFIED
E. O. 11652, Sec. 3(E) and 6(D) or (1)
OSD letter, May, I, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
(b) Germany (Continued)
"Rating "B" - There is no information on the amount of oil and gasoline
Germany has in reserve, but there seems to be no difficulty in this regard
at present. A contest reports that the oil fields, especially near Floesti,
were very seriously demaged and also the refineries. (This from an Italian
who owns oil property in Roumania).
Rating "B" - A large contingent of Aussians said to be surrounded near
Smolensk, but the Germans are in turn surrounded. The final outcome will be
determined by whether or not the Russians have enough reserves, tanks and
equipment. If they have the German position will become very critical.
*kating "B" - The moral depression in Germany is more and more marked due
to the war to which no end can be seen. The German embassadress in Home
recently returned from berlin and complained that even in the best restaurants
the food question has grown much worse. she said that during her stay of
more than 15 days she was unable to et an 086.
Rating "B" - deported that some of the synthetic gasoline factories having
been seriously damaged by the Royal Air Force, new ones have been built and are
already working more in the center of Germany, nearer Berlin.
Rating "B" - The most difficult problem at the moment for Germany and Italy
which is becoming very serious is the lack of natural rubber, especially as it
is reported that synthetic rubber does not stand up in hot climates.
. Rating "0" - There has been an apparent increase in disquiet in Germany and
some Italians are viewing the internal situation in Germany with alarm, which is
a reversal of the situation of about 6 months ago when the Germans were worrying
about the internal situation in Italy.
Rating "B" - The Germans are putting pressure on the Turks for passage of
troops in order to attack angland through Irak, Iran, and syria. The Germans
want Baku. In return for Turkey's help they have been promised Syria, part of
Irak, including the Mosul oil district, and Turkestan.
(c) Japan
*Rating "B" - Reported that Japanese Troops referred to nã being ready for
movement have not yet left (30 July) and are aimed at the Dutch East Indies (Unconfire
2. MISCELLANEOUS:
Rating "B" - In Germany it is reported they are prectically through killing
off all the idiots and people allegedly crazy. Soon they are going to start on the
old and ineffective people.
Rating "A" - In Italy there are about 800 catholic priests of German origin.
The German government will not permit any of these to return home, not even one
who is very sick and would like to go there for medical treatment.
Rating "A" - It is reported that according to the Lateran Treaty, the Pope
is not supposed to leave Home during war time. it is believed that very shartly
the Pope will go to the little cottage in rear of Vatican gardens where former
popes used to spend the summer before the Concordat.
Rating "0" - Tip-off received that all baggage in the outgoing EXCAMBION from
Lisbon the latter part of August should be minutely examined by customs agents.
This is unconfirmed.
"Gist of these items reported by despatch.
- 4 -
1.
I
5429 (A-1-s)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
horiel 286-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 1004-200
(To amount with EYES fature - n N. 1. Inter Other
Mass repairs la - -
From
at Rome, Italy
Date 5 August,
19.41
81
do - jerva)
Reference (a) Opner Despatch 132227 of June 1941.
(b) Alusna Rome's Desparter 101338 or mon, 1941.
Source Contact
Evaluation Baker
deality
(As relative, dostitutul, constitut, w/
Subject ITALY AVIATION MATERIAL PRODUCTION
DAT
that
polo
(Main expension regist be not title)
- M - minimum - - - - - - sie.)
PRODUCTION OF ITALIAN MILITARY AIRCRAFT
From a source considered reliable it is reported that the production of
Italian military aircraft does not exceed fifty (50) airplanes (all models
included) per month. This 1s due to shortage of raw materials end failure
of Germans to supply materials promised.
¡¡O figures wn losses for the month of July have as yet been published.
E. a 11652, See. M and G(D) - R
OSD locan, Mr. 1. 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21.1973 21 1973
Dutribution Py Originator
Reating spare later for - o N.I las should unit the - - - - the distribute Five labory which this particytor FORD of the me
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desa
N. 00-1990
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
OCT 15 1941
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
L09,199
Serial
544-61
Monograph Index Guide No.
907-200-1
10-6000
Plan - enn I-M,
(Ty surrerpost with STRJECT gives
1941
Code
Mass - report each main title
From
T
at Home, Italy
Date 14 Sept. 1041
19
(114) dest, - am, utile, - person)
Reference
(Trentive, computer previous maled report, etc. if apparante,
Source
CONTACTS
Evaluation Indicated
NCE
(As 4d. personal press, materials with-standly
(As relative, etc.)
Não
practicalle,
82
Subject ITALY
MAVY
OFFRATIONS.
(Name
expet
du
(Meis take M per intes polo
(Auticles)
(Make expensie report to each siller
- califul - of report, - minimus - sisted, include supertant - - date 443
ATTS MAR
OPERATIONS
(1) Cruiser DUGA D'AOSTA terpedoed twice about 4 August. Able to make
port with heavy list and down by storm. This type well protested against torpedoes.
(a) VITTORIO VEMETO and LITTORIO in Haples 11 Sept. Both comoufleged.
One has cargo ship alengaide other surrounded by terpedo nots. There 10 days.
(3) IMPHRO and ROMA to be between 42 and 45 thousand tons. CAVOUR is
again floating. Keel syrung and bulkheeds buckled. Raised by building cement
bleeks to cover damaged parts of mill.
(4) Italy has some new MAS boats which make 60 knots.
(5) Italy running shuttle submarine service to North Africa earrying
multions. Crews everwarked and submarines in bad state of repair. Short
of submarizes in too many sent to Atlantie.
(6) One out of , conveys going to Africa are being attacked by British.
(9) British recently landed on Island of Usticea and took off political
priseners and guards.
(8) Lamling parties from British submarizes in Sicily.
(9) Since 14 July 28 contrys left Exples 5 of which attacked.
(10) Italians no lenger use Greek Coast reute to Libya due searcity tonnage.
(11) 5 Italian admarines - to attempt passage into Atlentic through
Gibralter by submerging under outgoing merchant ships.
(18) 50 Italian submarizes in Mediterraneen ready for service but cannot
operate due lack of oil. Due lack of eil whole fleet cannot operate together.
Little oil soming from Roumania as Germans take it all. Italian submarines
located where little shipping expected to pass.
(15) Hitler demanded use Italian floor to foree dardanelles and support
Flack See Front. Misselini refused and statted New not strong enough, and
Fleet's absense from home would areate unfaverable reastion among people.
(14) Italians experimenting with now type A.A. (a 90 m. 53 caliber.
Capable sheeting 15 to 18 rounds per ninute and renge 5,000 meters.
(15) Terpedo war-heads manufasturing plant in San Martino rooks.
Bembproof.
DECLASSFED
E. o. 11652, Sen AD and S(D) -
OSD Letter, No. 1973
By SLB
Date MAY 84
Distribution By Originator
Rewting - below for - in o. N.L. time carde anound unit or units - shows en De Not Indow) b which this particular 1987 of the mout
has Earn mutel for for further If 11 resention. Indicate by check 00 on the mps the emplese distribution of other organ of the norm. To
- evalue at permited 18 that first, we bank buts.
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AXIS WAR NEWS:
T/34h-41
(a) Italy:
o PERATIONS
912-300
(1) *Rating "B" - The Italian Cruiser EMANUELE FILIBERTO DUCA D'AOSTA was
torpedoed twice about 4 August near Palermo. One torpedo hit just under the
Bridge, the other hit between turrets 3 and 4. The ship was able tomke its
way to port listing 25 degrees on one side and down by the stern. (Note: The
cruisers of this type are well protected against torpedo attack and for a torpedo
to fatally damage them they must be hit at four meters or below - Opinion of offi-
cial Italian source).
912-100 907
(2) *Rating "B" - The Battleships VITTORIO VENETO and LITTORIO were both
in Naples yesterday morning (11 Sept); one tied up south of the -arittimo del
Litterie dosk, the other morth of Mole 8. Vincenso. They are both camouflaged and
one has a cargo ship alongside and the other (at the Mole 8. Vincenzo) is sur-
rounded by torpedo nots. They have been there at least 10 days. In addition to
these there are 7 destroyers, 8 submarines and various auxiliaries in Naples.
N.A. COMMENT - Above information considered very reliable.
(3)
912-100
*The IMPERO and ROMA are to be between 42 and 45 thousand tons.
The CAVOUR is floating, but the keel is 80 much sprung that all the bulkheads
are buckled. General Pugliese, the Jewish Naval Engineer who was recalled to
service for this purpose, was the only engineer who believed the job of raising
the CAVOUR could be done. It was done by building cement blocks to cover the
damaged parts of the hull. Rating "B".
N.A. COMMENT - Believed Reliable.
(4)
912-900
Rating "B" - Italy has some new MAS boats which make 60 knots.
N.A. COMMENT - Unconfirmed as yet.
912-1000 907
(5) "Rating "B" - Source Italian Submarine Commender: A shuttle submarine
service carrying munitions and supplies to North Africa has been operating.
Crews of submarines are overworked and there have been cases where the Commenders
have refused to leave their Base because of tired crews and needed machinery
overhaul. The Navy is reported short of submarines in the Mediterransen having
despatched too many into the Atlantic.
907
(6) Rating "B" - It is reported that only one out of ? convoys going to
Africa are being attacked by the British.
907
(7) Rating "B" - The British recently landed on the island of Usticca
(North of Palermo) end took off all political prisoners and guards.
907
(8) Rating "C" - It is reported that a landing party of 40 men landed at
They two were mostly Maltese and have the Sicilian authorities considerably worried.
different places in Sicily. 20 to 25 of these have been rounded up.
*Gist of these items forwarded by despatch.
BECASSIFIED
E O. 11652 Sec. D(E) and ND) - (%)
- 2 -
OSD letter, May, i, 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY 1873
L
907-700
7/344-41
(9) Rating "B" - Since 14 July as convoys have left Naples only 5 of which
have been attacked. The convoys take a course from Naples south 40° West toward
Sardinia. From Sardinia toward Pantelleria, but many times they head directly
for Cape Bon, Tunisia, and some times they go straight to Tripoli.
907
(10) Rating "B" - Since tonnage is scarce the Italians no longer use the
Greek Coast route to Libya. Sometimes convoys take 3g days to reach Libya
and 5 to 9 days to return.
907-700
(11) "Rating "C" - A reliable contact told a member of the Embassy Staff
that he had learned from the family of an Italian junior naval officer that the
submarine to which he is attached, together with four other submarines, will soon
leave and try to escape into the Atlantic. This junior officer has been on leave
in Rome and left on 11 September to return to his ship at Specia. He told his
family that in a few days his ship would depart and left the impression that both
his ship and the other four submarines in this division are newly constructed.
Informant stated that the method used in going out of Gibralter is to submerge
under a merchant ship and go through the Straits directly under the ship.
907 602-1000
(18) *Rating "B" - Source Submarine Captain: There are fifty submarizes in
the Mediterraness ready for service, but due to lack of oil they cennet operate.
This is correspondingly true of other ships of the Italian Navy which can 8° out
in groups but the serious lack of oil presimides the flest operating together.
Very little oil arrives in Italy from Roumania, the Germans taking practically
all of it. This same officer said he had spent a total of 150 days on patrol
in the Atlentic. Ee stated that the Germans usually locate Italian submarines
in areas where they do not expect much shipping to pass.
907
(13) *Rating "B" - Source Italian born in Russia interpreter at recent
meeting between Hitler and Mussolini on Mastern Front: This source reports
Hitler demanded Italy make preparations to use her flset to force the Darda-
nelles to render support on the Black Sea front. Mussolini admitted his navy
not strong enough to comply with this demand. He toll Hitler that the Fleet's
absence from home waters, leaving the coastal cities unprotected, would create
an unfevorable reaction mong the Italian people, and that he could not afford
to risk his fleet in such an action.
910-1900
(14) Rating "C" - The Italians are experimenting with a LOW type A.A. gun
90 m., 53 caliber. It is capable of shoeting 15 to 18 rounds por minute. The
gun has tested 80 well that the Germans are copying it. It is able to fire
1000 meters further than the German guns and can effectively shoot 5,000 meters.
602-700
(15) Rating "B" - The torpedo war-boads menufacturing plant is in the
San Martino Rocks. There is such a thickness of rock above this plast that
bombing would be to no avail. Near Torro di Vita there is a navel amountion
dump easily identified by 3 sheds.
*Gist of these items reported by Despatch.
MASSA
E O. 11652, Sec. 2(F) and S(D) or (10
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 2 19/3
- 3 -
06-1960
4994-N (A-1-g,
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
GGT
NAVY DEPARTMENT
II
12
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
10
Serial
TY-eas
Monograph Index Guide No.
1000
- serior march your, el)
(T) correrport with SUBJECT give -
N. I. India Quile
Mass reparate npon la each main title
From
T
at
Italy
Date
25 September 19 41
(Phip, Seet, unit, dutrist, offire, - person)
Reference
(Inimentive, previous related repert, etc. if applicative)
Contact
Source
Evaluation
(As official, personal publications, press, convensation with-ideoulty
(As reliable, doubeful, unvertifet, etc.)
when practicable, etc.)
Subject ITALY
AVIATION
OPERATIONS
(Nation reported ob) (Main title as per index guide) (Fubtitles) (Make separate report for each sitte)
(liere under careful annualy of result, anteining substance stationly stated include important late, - - dates, sto.)
83
AVIATION INFORMATION
Three important airfields in Upper Adristic zone, near Pola, Gorizia
and Udines field at Gorisia well equipped with many squadrons of fighters
and bombers; field near Udine used mainly for training students; all
three fields have strong transmitting and receiving radio stations.
In Adristic mone, aircraft are built only at C.R.D.A. plant.
the men. the last para of - - par retained reports Pubel while pour la attived part viv. when Firmal prati and " and - practicalle, regies, propere Officers stateful imparing at milialis la the
Italian aviation leases much gregter than officially admitted, especially
in bomber and reconnaissance planes.
Pilots spend one month at front and get 15 days duty at Italian station.
25 graduates from civilian primary flight training schools announced on
21 September.
RECLASSIFIED
2. O. 11602 Sec. S(S) and 5(D) or
OSD latter, May, 3, 1972
By SLB
Date MAY 21 1973
Distribution By Originator
O.N.I.
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photographing
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- nume M provided fir un this firm, - Mark buses.
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T/360-41
La UPPER ADRINTO.
In this zone there 1120 3 important aviation fields: Campo
41 Pustizella, Pola, for hydroplanes; Caupo di Merna, near Gorizia;
and the field of Сащро Formido near Udine. The field at Gorizia is
well quipped with many aquadrons of fighters and bonbers, both day
and night. A few days ago & squadron of Jtukas (German) were present
with Jerman personnel.
At the field of Campo Formido there are fighters and reconnais-
sance planes. These planes, however, are mainly for training hundreds
of students which arrive and depart daily. Every day there are accidents
because of inexperience and inefficiency.
All three fields are provided with strong radio transmitting and
receiving stations for keeping contact with planes. Transmissions are on
short and medium waves and are sometimes in plain language which can be
heard by people in the vicinity.
2. AIRPLAIE COL.STISJON.
As previously stated, in the Adriatic zone, aircraft are construct-
ed only at the C.R.D.A. plant. CANT planes similar to those that flew to
South America are coastructed here.
3. HISCELLAIMOUS.
On the Lediterranean front, as well as on the African front, Italian
losses are considerably more than those indicated in the official Wulletins,
especially in bombing planes and reconnaissance planes. Reconnaissance
planes are very old and slow. There are still in service 3-motored bombers
which present many difficulties. Pilots do not want to fly them. These
are the stute planes which Chiang Kai Shek refused in 1937. They are alow
and have many blind spots.
In the Italian Air Force, Pilots spend one month at the front and
get 15 days duty in Italian air stations which makes for great turn-over
of personnel.
4. SCHOOLS,
On 12 August, my 302-41, para.3, reported 29 graduates from the
R.U.N.A. (Reale Unione Mazionale Asronautica) who had received primary
flight training. The latest list published as of 21 September gives the
number of new graduates in primary flight training (civilian) as 25. They
were graduated from 6 different schools as follows:
Vercelli
CA
Casalmonforrato
4
Torino
7
Biello
3
Como
2
Florence
6
25
From information available, the only civilian pilot training schools in
Italy are oporated by the R.U.I.A. and the number of graduates averages
between 25 and 30 per month.
KOWE
E 0. 11652 Sec. S(E) and (D) or (i)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 1073
-2-
UCI
N. N. 1. 06-1260
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial 361-41
Monograph Index Guide No, 808
Plan -- - you,
(To with STRJECT felse - 9. N. Indes Guide
Make rejurt le carts main title
From
T
at Home, Italy.
Date 23 Sept.
1941
1 feet, will, datrin, after Ratern, - pres)
Reference
dowth, previous related report, etc. if applicable)
Source
CONTACTS
Evaluation
Indicated
(he and penutal - namenativo identify
(As relative, down unrerital, ev.)
also practicale, els
Subject ITALY/GERMANY - AINY
-
OPERATIONS
(Nation Ma (Mail III>> as jet Motes polo, (Aubticles) (Make imparate must for
- untilled - of repart, - - siated, important Data - I - a
AXIS MAR NEWS - 15-22 SEPTEMBER 1941
ARMY OPERATIONS
additional - and and Other - the
(1) Reported A.A. defenses of La Spesia are very week. Naval Attache
84
believes these defenses are no weaker than others in Italy.
(2) Headquarters German General Staff in Naples located in Hotel Londra
inshore from Molo Luigi Rassa 10ar dooks.
(3) Meeting between Italian and German military leaders to iron out
provite the last para and resulted Submit disping, sindle, practical, prepare - -
details which came up all result Hitlor-Mussel ini meeting on Eastem Front.
(4) 150,000 Italian troops reported on Russian front; from 80,000 to
1,000,000 more to be sect shertly. Conflisting reports on number to be sent.
(5) Hungarian contact states Hungarians detest Germans. Now 30,000
Hungarians on Russian front, but they will have to send 100,000 more men.
German General Brauchitsch said to be in Bulgaria preparing Turkish compaign.
(6) Reported Germans plan to take Leningred by 25 September. For winter
their line will be Leningrad-Mosoow-and the Don. Same contact says Germany
will move into Portugal if U.S. noves der intervenes.
(9) From an unsertain source it is reported the Italians are again
working on the Brenner fortifications.
BUTO
E. O, 11652 Bon NE and S(D)
OSD letter, May, 3, 1972
By SLR
Date
MAT
- 1
Distribution By Originator
has Reading teen nated space the für matter noting or or retention. Invoice by check 00 on Main expy the cumplete of clier cigares of this reputs. To
below for - in G. N. L lieus - anount unit of units - than - the distribution More labour to what this particilar may of the require
above ming and product - this sem, we boank butes.
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T/361-41
AXIS MAR NAMS - 15-22 SEPTABER
ARMY OPERATIONS
(1)
603-300
Rating "B" - Reported that the Anti-aircraft defenses of La Spezia are very
weak, being under the direction of the Militia.
N.A. Comment - Believed that these defenses are no weaker than other in Italy.
All are considered week and ineffective compared to the
British and German MA. batteries.
803
(2) *Rating "B" - The headquarters of the German General Staff in Neples is
located in the Hotel Londra, now called the Ambasciatori. This hotel is located
directly inshore from the Molo Luigi Razza near the docks.
808
(3) Rating "B" - It is reported by e reliable German contact that there was
a meeting recently between the Italian end German military leaders (not chiefs of
staff) to iron out details which ceme up as 8 result of the Hitler-Lussolini
meeting on the Eastern Front.
(4) Rating "B" - There are said to be 130,000 Italian troops on the Russian
front. From 80,000 to 1,000,000 men are to be sent shortly.
N.A. Comment - Reports 88 to number Italian troops in Russia and numbers to
actually be sent are conflicting.
(5) Rating "B" - A journalist from Hungary reports that the Hungerians detest
the Germans. There are now (20 Sept. 1941) 30,000 Hungarians on the Russian Front.
AS 8 result of Horthy's visit to Hitler they will have to send 100,000 more men.
Brauchitsch is said to be in Bulgaria preparing the Turkish campaign.
N.A. Comment - The members of the Hungarian Legation at Rome are strongly
anti-German as are the other Hungarian Nationals in Italy.
(6) Rating "B" - From a reliable German source it is reported that the Germans
plan to take control of Leningrad by the 25th of September. They expect to reach the
Don before winter sets in and also expect to launch a strong offensive from the
Smolensk area towards Moscow. For the winter their line will be Leningrad-Moscow-
and the Don. (The Embassy sent a message on this item). This same contact also
reports that as soon as the United States moves or intervenes the Germans will move
into Portugal.
N.A. Comment: Reports as to when and why the Germans will move into Portugel
are conflicting especially now that the Russian campaign is
proving so difficult and war with Turkey threstens. However,
it is believed that Portugal would be seized if the United
States or Great Britain occupies the Azores or Cape Verde Islands.
804-200
(7)
* Rating "C" - (Source uncertain) - It 18 reported that the Italians are
again working on the Brenner fortifications.
EDUCTED
"Gist of these items reported by despatch.
E O. 11652, Sec. S(E) and 5(D) or (II)
OSD letter, May, 9, 1972
By SLR
Data
MAY 21 1973
- 2 -
12474-C 10-11-b)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
912
Serial 570-41
Monograph Index Guide No 902-100
From T
at Home, Italy Date 50 September 19 41
Reference
Source Observation and contact
Evaluation
Subject
ITALY
NAVY/
SHIPS
MAVY/FOL.ICY/BASIC NAVAL POLICY
Dear and - of nwn, - mainly - important Saving - - visa
BRINF GENERAL RESUME OF ITALIAN NAVAL STRENGTH
50 SEPTEMBER, 1941
Battleship strength reduced by 33 1/3% since Italy's entry into war;
battle line strength considered to be only 50% of original strength.
Heavy cruisers - 5 out of 8 sunk; of remaining 3, one badly damaged
other two inefficient.
Light oruisers - Out of total of 14, 2 sunk, 2 inefficient old units
and 3 damaged, leaving 7 fit for operation; strength considered reduced
by 50% situation may improve with completion of new 3,400 -
85
Destroyers - About serve ratio applies; out of original 60, 18 are suhk,
12 damaged or under repair, leaving 32 ready for action; 7 new units
nearing completion.
Torpedo boats - 16 sunk, 12 under repair out of original 51.
Submarines Italy started war with 121 submarines; biggest submarine
foroe in Burope. Has lost 40 and sent 33 into Atlantics of the 48 units
left in Mediterranean, only 6 - 7 can operate at a time due to laok of
fuel etc. New submarines being built at rate of 2 per month, probably of
smill type; 20 may have been built since start of war but laok of
trained crews hinders effective additions to submarine flotilla.
General - Italian naval morale low; belief in submarine strength mis-
placed; look of cooperation between air and naval units; ports laok
aircraft defense and detection. Italian naval strength considered
reduced to less than half of pre-war potential strength.
BECASSIFIED
E. a 11652, Sec. 300 1 are at (i)
OSD leturn, May, i 1981
MAY 21 1973
By SLR
Date
By Originator O.N.I.
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T/370-41
1. The following is a brief general results of Italian navel
strength, 30 September,
BATELESHIPS - Italy entered the war with six battleships, the two new
35,000 ton vessels, VIETORIO valido and LITTORIO, and the four modernized
ships CESARE, GAVOUR, DORLA and DUILIO. To date all of the above
vessels have seen heavy action and all except the DORIA, according to
our best information, have suffered severe casualties. At present the
CEVOUR is floating. The damages received at Taranto, in which she was
sunk, were so extensive as to consider her future service in this war
out of the question. Either the DUILIO or the DORIA, possibly the former,
has been and still is undergoing overhaul at Trieste. This leaves Italy
with four battleships, the two VITTORIO VERITO's, the CEBARE, and wither
the DORIA or DUILIO, ready for action. The LITTORIO and Velleto have been
during the past month basing at Naples. The Whereabo to of the other two
has been obscure but it is believed they have been basing near or at
Tarento.
As to condition, it is believed that all four of the above
ships are not in the best fighting condition. After Matapan, the VITTORIO
VISINTO required repairs which in part resulted in requisitioning respective-
ly a main drive shaft from the ROMA and the rudder of the IMPERO (now BB's
under construction). It is reported that the VITTORIO VIRENTO has had
continuous shaft trouble.
The other ready battleships similarly have needed many ro-
pairs and do not receive the Mavy Yard service necessary to keep then in
top fighting trim.
Sumarizing, numerically the battleship strength is at
present reduced 33 1/36 since Italy joined the war. Considering limited
repais facilities, difficulties and emergency work necessitated, it is
believed that Italian battle line strength is only about 50% of what it
was at the start of the war.
HEAVY CRUISERS - When the war started, Italy had 7-10,000 ton cruisers.
In addition the old armored cruiser SALT GIORGIO of 9,232 tons, carried
10" guns and so was also classed as & heavy cruiser, making a total of 8.
The SAX: GIORGIO was blown up at Tobruk when the English advanced through
Cyrension in January 1941.
of the other 7 heavy cruisers, the TRENTO and TRIESTE were
built in 1926 and were much in the line of experiments. They sacrificed
armor for high speed and as one person so aptly put it "they wound up with
neither the armor nor the speed". These two vessels are inherently weak
due to poor construction and are incapable of holding down their designated
places in battle.
The BOLZANO, the newest of the 10,000 ton class, was built as
a modern TRENTO class.
The other four, the ZARA, FILME, POLA and GORIZIA, were con-
sidered the better of all the heavy cruisers built.
In one action (Matapan), three of these - ZARA, POLA and FIUME
were eliminated.
The BOLZANO was severely damaged on 9 July, 1940.
Since then, our latest information is that the GORIZIA has
been sunk and the BOLZANO, nearly fatally damaged, is in the port of
Messina having been torpedoed late in August. Some reports state her to
be sunk.
Therefore, the war has been disastrous for the Italian heavy
cruisers. Their best four are sunk. The BOLZANO is nost seriously
damaged and unlikely to be possibly ready in six months. There remains
but the TREATO and TREASTE - neither of which can make high speed and
one cannot fire full salvoes because of inherent weaknesses.
L.CHT CRUISERS - More fortunate has Italy been in light cruisers. At
the start there were 14 light cruisers of whihh all but the HARI and
TARANTO were built from 1930 on. The BARI and TARANTO were ex-German
BECANSIFTED
& 0. 11652 Sec. S(E) and (D) or (E)
- 1 -
OSD letter, May, 5, 1972
By SIR
MAY 21 1973
Date
T/370-41
ships obtained after the war built in 1914 and 1911 respectively. They
really are not capable of taking a place in any battle formation with
others of their class.
Damages to light cruisers since the start of the war show
the COLLEONI sunk, 19 July, 1940; the DIAZ sunk in March, 1941. The
HANDE NERE was twice seriously damaged and at present will require about
6 months before being fit for service. Recently, 4 August, 1941, the
DUCA D'AOSTA was struck by two torpedoes and will require at least 6
months to be made ready. Additional information has been received that
one other cruiser not identified is also undergoing repairs from damages
sustained by submarine action. This leaves Italy with 7 of its 12 good
light cruisers plus the BARI and
Considering that these vessels also suffer from lack of
proper overhaul and heavy useage, it is believed that the light cruiser
strength is reduced by at least 50% of its strength upon the war's opening.
However, information has been received that some of the
8,400 ton light cruisers of the TIEERIO class are approaching completion
80 that the light cruiser situation may improve.
DESTROYERS - As regards destroyers, practically the same ratio applies.
Italy started the war with sixty destroyers. of these 18 have been sunk,
12 are considered wither seriously damaged or undergoing repairs of a
routine sort and about 32 remain ready for action.
In this category, lack of necessary repairs are more serious
than in larger ships. Besides these vessels spend many more sea hours
doing convoy work, escorting larger vessels, etc.
To offset the loases, since the war started 8 ships have been
projected of which 7 are nearing completion.
TORPEDO BOATS This type really should be lumped with the destroyers as
they pretty much perform the same duties though not so affectively. Italy
had 51 at the start of the war. Sixteen have been sunk, 12 are considered
under repair and byt 23 are considered ready for duty.
SUBMARINGS - At the start of the War Italy had 181 submarines ready (some
reports place this figure as low as 111). Her war plans were based on
the fact that the striking effort of this large submarine force would
assist her surface forces in rapidly gaining cohtrol of all the reaches
of the Mediterranean. This was the biggest submarine force in Europe and
was made up of mostly new types.
Immediately after Italy joined battle her submarine losses
grew to considerable and disastrous proportions. To date it is considered
that Italy has lost at least forty submarines. Turther, she had sent
about 33 into the Atlantic (4 of them arriving from the Red Sea). This
left Italy with only 48 submarines in the Mediterransan of the original
121 possessed at the start of the war. Recent information states that
but 6 - 7 of these can operate at a time because of lack of fuel, need of
repairs, and other war time troubles. A very late report states that 6
of the Bordeaux-based submarines have réturned to Italy and 6 more are
expected.
Our best information confirms that Italy is building sub-
marines (most likely smaller type) at the rate of 2 per month. It is
quite possible that about 20 of these have been built since the war.
However statements of various contacts indicate that the personnel problem
(lack of trained officers and man) hinders effective additions to the
submarine flotilla.
GENERAL The damaging and sudden blows of such actions as Taranto,
Matapan, Malta and Genoa have caused Balien naval morale to reach a
very low level. Her belief in her huge subuarine strength was misplaced
STATE
2. a See 27) and SDI of a
- 2 -
DSD letter, May, 1, 1972
By SLR
MAY 21 1973
L
Date
T/370-41
due to look of $100, fuel and fund, to effectively train these
units. Lack of cooperation between air and navel units resulted in
one cruiser being sunk, another serioualy damaged and a third being
hit by her ote. bonbers. Her ports are generally lacking in proper
aircraft defense and detection.
Sunding up, the naval situation - it is the opinion of this
office that Italian Laval strength, because of losses in battle, look
of /roper 220-war training, faulty floot organization and shortage of
fuel, hns been out to Less than half of its potential pro-war strength.
& a 11652 Sec. 200 and S(D) - (i)
OSD letter, May, & 1972
By SLR
Nate
MAY 21 1973
- 3 -
3429 (A-1-s)
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
Serial
-
Monograph Index Guide No. 1008-500
1 -- - - -
(To ampol with - NJRT port
Make -
From
,
at Italy
Date 4 October
19.41
comp. dest. unit, after -tation, of pervin)
Reference - desputch 156887 of June,1941
Civil
Insurance, pm related if application
Source
observation and contact
Evaluation
RATING "A"
official, personal observative. prem. with
Subject ITALY
when AVIATION
ATR -
(Naton rejerted
(Main time - INT mine
Make april each title
Becks (lien suier until - of - - include Important facts, - plants, daten, and
or ITALIAN ATTATION STRIATION All OF 30 1941
Rebimate of air strength at time of Italy's entry into war; production et
that time estimated to be 270=600 planes per month (all types): production
later stopped w bet no - medale developed and protection improved only
digitivi fine power not greatly increased and boub eights net brought up
to dates hostinatel boulding name too assourate; little night flying done.
Fighting stamph presented washened W dispersion of write on many fronts.
Production impored w lack of 768 meterials and skilled workers may of
- have hass as to Commany. Dalism fastories reported minly engaged
is making parts for Commany Gezmane reported to be sending - completed
planes to Italy in for partice Pastest Italian plane balieved to be
180-889 IN down then British, and American types. Production
86
consumizated on 8 first line models. Official figures on losses insecurate.
of guealine kinders training of personnel. Use of toryodo planes
has become personnel and many planes converted to carry torpedees. Report
that Italian Havy is converting passenger ships to aircraft carriers.
Deskind if Air Fores has nore planes on hand now than in June 1940; oventual
decrease is strength probable.
E. a. 11652. Sec. 5(R) and S(D) or (E)
eso letter) May, 4, 1972
By BIR
Thata MAY 21 1973
Distribution By Criginator
O.N.I.
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T/375-41
KVIN OF ITALIAN AVENTION - 02 30 REPTEMENT, 1941
In preparing a report on the Italian aviation situation it must be
borne in mind that for nearly two years no one from this office has been
permitted to visit any flying fields (except Littorio, Rome), plants or
factories. All estimates given, with the exception of Air Force strength
at the time Italy entered the war, must therefore be those which, at the
best, cannot be considered too accurate. Only a general impression of the
situation can be submitted as all Italian aeronautical papers and magazines
as well as the pross are censored. The personnel from this office can seldom
contact officers of the Regia Aeronautica, pilots, engineers or manufacturers.
It is generally understood that they have been ordered not to associate with
American friends and those who have not been so ordered are afraid to be
seen in public with Embasay officials and are discouraged from visiting with
American friends as formerly. However, this office has established contacts
who are in a position to supply aviation information of value and, assuming
that the data furnished is fairly correct, it has been possible by using this
information and carefully studying bulletins, magazines and papers to approxi-
mate the strength or rather the weakness of the Italian Air Force today.
At the time Italy entered the war, 10 June, 1940, it was accurately
estimated that the number of airplanes of all types in the Army, Havy and Air
Force totalled six thousand and fifty (6,050) with an additional two thousand
two hundred and thirty nine (2,239) under contDact but not yet delivered. These
figures include obsolescent models of which there were wleven hundred and eighty-
five (1,185) on hand and forty (40) on order and training models totalling
thirteen hundred and fifty (1,350) on hand and four hundred and ninety (490)
on order.
Following is a table showing types:
Contracted for but not
On hand
delivered
Army
Navy
Air
Force
Obs.
Any
Havy
Air Force
Fighters
(single engine)
851
486
603
Fighters
116
(twin engine)
Dive bombers
22
22
64
Light bombers
190
179
Heavy bombers
1,163
693
606
Reconnaissance
81
424
Patrol
276*
279
12
Obsoleseent
373*
152*
450
210
$
Training
350
1,000
490
373*
450*
3,482
2,568
484
116
1,699
TOTAL
6,050
2,259
* Included in Air Force totals.
Immediately on Italy's entry into the war it was found necessary to
withdraw certain models from bombat service. At least fourteen (14) models
were withdrawn, the total of which was estimated to be two thousand four
hundred and thirty-three (2,455) planes which left a total of three thousand
six hundred and seventeen (3,617), but from this number must also be deducted
the thirteen hundred and fifty training planes which left the Air Force with a
combat force of two thousand two hundred and sixty-seven (2,267) first line
planes of all types and models.
The number of service planes contracted for Was seventeen hundred and
nine (1,709) or approximately 80% only of those in service.
In June 1940 production of planes in Italy was estimated to be 9 - 10
planes per day or 270 - 300 per month (all types). However, production was
stepped up at this time and work was concentrated on fighters and trainers
DECLASSIFIED
- 1 -
E. O₂ 11652, See, 3(2) and S(D) or (R)
OSD letter, May, 1, 1972
by SLR
Date
MAY 21 1973
T/375-41
at the expense of bumber construction. When the fighter program was
well underway the bomber production Visa again increased. No now designs were
noted and the manufacturers appeared more satisfied to receive large orders
for types already in service, which their plants were tooled up for, rather
than to attampt new models requiring study, engineering and re-tooling.
Wodifications were mde however to meet war demands but these did not
materially increase the defense of the planes as it appears very little
thought was given, or due to look of steel, to armor protection for crows.
This situation holds true even at this date though E. small amount of pro-
tection has been added.
Fire power has not been greatly increased, except in the case
of the new four-engine bombers. Some of the torpedo planes have also had
additional guns installed. It is not believed that guns any larger than
50 caliber are carried and no attempt has been made to instal power
turrets in the tail or in any other part of the bombers. On the four-
engine bombers, wing guns, automatically operated, firing to the rear,
capable of cross fire, are used but this method must inevitably produce
certain blind spots in the control section arc.
Horab sights have not been brought up to date and the Italian
pilot relies on dropping a stick of medium or small size bombs hoping in
this manner to make hits rather than attempt more accurate bombing with
heavy boubs. Their horizontal bombing is none too accurate and while the
pilots have attempted to emailate other countries in dive bombing taotics,
they have not not with any great success.
Very little night flying is done due to lack of proper instruments
and training and only a few pilots, believed to be former commercial air line
pilots, are used for this type of work.
During the period Italy has been in the war, the Air Force has
been called on to operate on many fronts such as the protection of Sicily,
Sardinia and adjacent ialands, the Balkans, attacks on Malta, the Greek and
African compaigns, the Asgean, Dodakanese and Candian sea areas, the attacks
on English ports (a complete failure insofar as Italian pilots and planes
were concerned), the protection of all Italian coastal cities and manufacture
ing centers, and now on the Russian front. In recent months, due to the
withdrewal of the German air forces from Sicily, the Air Force has been
invested with additional duties in the Mediterranean area in attempts to
Block British navyl vessels, convoys and merchant shipping, and all of
these fields of operation have, despite Italian official denials, created
e. drain on the Air Force strength. It is generally assumed that fighting
strength is weakened by dispersion of units.
In order to accomplish all the tasks assigned, the Air Force
production was stepped up and at one time it was reported that nearly
three hundred thousand workers (300,000) were employed in the aircraft
industry as against an estimated seventy or eighty thousand (70-80,000)
when Italy entered the war. It has been difficult to estimate the actual
number of planes produced due to no one from this office being allowed to
visit factories and to the extreme secreey with which the industry is
guarded. It is known however that before any large and definite program
could be established, a shortage of raw materials developed and that the
Germans did not live up to their promise to keep Italy supplied with suffig
cient material to maintain their planned program. Many skilled Italian
workmen were withdrawn from the factories and sent to Germany. In return
the Gerumns sent a large air force to Sicily to support the Italian force,
but this was withdrawn when Germany found it necessary to use their own
planes and pilots on the Russian front.
From the latest information available the Italian factories today
are mainly engaged in the manufacture of aircraft parts which are sent to
Germany for assembly. This materially decreases Italian plane production
but it has been stated that, should the Italians be called upon for any
large offensive or should their air force find itself unable to meet a
British offensive either in Africa, the Mediterranean area or Italy, the
Germans, in order to offset the decreased production in Italy, will send
pilots and planes in sufficient numbers to bolster the Italian air force
and bring it up to required strength. Whether.such a nove by the Germans
will actually be accomplished is a question, as they may assume the same
attitude as they did in regard to furnishing raw materials. But it is
logical to believe that some effort will be made in the event of an ener-
genay mainly for their OWN (German) protection.
BECLASSIFIED
- 2 -
E. a 11052, See. 3(E) and 6(D) of (B)
OSD letter, May, & 1972
By SLR
Date MAY 21 1973
T/375-41
OR
Information has been received that the Germans are sending a
certain number of completed planes, mainly Junkers 87, a dive bomber,
to Italy as well as motors, as payment for the parts sent to Germany,
but in what number is not known.
There have been no outstanding developments in new types of planes.
Increases in fighter and bomber speed have been noted as well as bomb
load and in same cases fire power, but there is nothing to indicate that
the Italians have been able to produce any planes which can measure up to
the types employed by the British. A fairly reliable source states that
their fastest plane is at least 150=800 KPH slower than the British, German
or Auerican types. Their new fighters are good but design, performance and
production have not kept up with the requirements of modern air warfare.
While this office recently reported that Italian aircraft production
was estimated to be from 50 (fifty) to one hundred (100) planes per month,
a more recent (though not confirmed) report states they are producing nearer
fifteen (15) planes per day or four hundred and fifty (450) por month as
against approximately three hundred (300) per month when they entered the
war. Even this figure, when shalyzed, will not greatly increase first line
strength, as with the ever-spreading area of Italian air operations it is
difficult to visualize a strong concentration at any one point. It is
understood they are concentrating on at least eight (8) first line models
as shown in the following list:
R.K. 2001
Caproni fighter
Macchi 200
Pursuit
-
RECEIVED
G.50
Fiat
-
net
5(0)
or
8-79 bis
2 engine bomber
séil
a
BR 20
-
If
OSD latter, - Data 1,1014 MAY 21 1973
Cant z 1007
3
of
-
20 ELB
Cant 2 506 bis
#
-
.
Piaggio 108
4
-
-
Other types also are being produced and the majority of planes
in production are trainers, so that with an estimated production of 450
planes per month (doubtful), first line planes of any model can hardly be
turned out any faster than one (1) per day per model or a possible total
of three hundred (300) per month. These figures are Tague and no guarantee
of their reliability can be made but it is believed that they represent a
maximum and therefore should be considered as such.
Accurate figures on losses are never published but must be high as
this office is of the opinion that Italiah losses are greater than the
British losses which the Italians claim, as obviously the British are
better equipped in every way than the Italians in both defense and fire
power.
It is doubtful that the Italian Air Force strength has been or is
being increased. This belief is based on all reports of decreased pro-
duction due to shortage of material, shortage of skilled workers and the
necessity for furnishing parts to Germany for their Air Force, though the
freedom from any real campaign at this time may be giving then a breathing
spell and an opportunity to bring units up to full strength.
Shortage of aviation gasoline has been evident for same time and has
served to curtail aviation activities both combat and training. The
civilian pilot training program has practically stopped, an average of
only twenty-five (25) or thirty (50) pilots per month being turned out
who have completed primary training. As soon as the students now enrolled
have completed their course, all civil training will cease. In the future
all training will be under military supervision and the shortage of gasoline
will perforce limit the number which can be accomodated in the schools.
After qualifying as military pilots the pilots are given very little oppor-
tunity to fly and this lack of practice is clearly reflected in the poor
efficiency of the Air Force.
As a whole, the Air Force pilots are individualists and while the
majority are inexperienced, they must be looked upon as bold, daring and
above all spectacular. A thoroughly trained pilot, according to our
standards, is the exception rather than the rule but, with a minimm of
flying time and experience he is willing to take a chance in inferior
equipment in driving home an attack, providing the odds are on his side,
if the result or oven the attempt will prove spectacular and give him
- 5 -
T/375-11
personal notoriety. Though lauded in the press as being the super-hero
of the air, the average Malian pilot does not relish EL good fight and while
he goes out boldly he is more apt to return quickly should he find anti-
aircraft fire too hot or & real dog fight on his hands. There are excep-
tions and many excellent and skilled pilots are in the Air Force today.
Many of these have had experience in Ethippia, Spain and on several of
the Italian fronts in this war, and their leadership, example and records
lends confidence to the younger pilots.
As to Italian Air Force tactica, the usual bomber attacks accompanied
by fighters is used. Operations are sporadic except when operating with
German pilots, as in Africa, when they are obliged to work daily in continual
and concentrated attacks following the German method. At sea, when attacking
convoys, their method of attack has undergone radical changes though they
still resort at time, through necessity, to high altitude horizontal bombing,
not too successful. They have 0000 to realize the falue of the dive bomber
and occasionally employ this method of attack, but the use of torpedo planes
has become paramount and a great number of homber and patrol types Lave been
converted to carry torpedoes and what auccesses the Italians have had has
been due to this form of attack. The Italian Havy has never used aircraft
carriers and there has been a great difference of spinion as to their actual
value in a closed sea such as the Mediterranean. Recent confidential reports
received in this office intimate that carriers may be employed and it is
mported from a reliable source that certain passenger ships are being con-
verted for this purpose. Wathout previous experience or training and with
no planes originally designed to structurally withstand the arresting Cear
shocks, unless new planes are designed and produced their success say be
considered questionable. Due to the danger of attack while conducting
training operations at sea, imperative before they can hope for any success,
this experiment will be watched with great interst.
The number of airports naintained by Italy is unknown as is the
actual number of squadrons or operating units. Unquestionably a large
number of new fields have been constructed since Italy's entry in the war.
It is safe to assume that additional facilities have been provided in
numerous ports for the operation of seaplanes for patrol and more especially
for torpedo plane attack. Due to the restricted sea area in which Italian
planes operate however, many of the land plane bombers are equipped for
torpedo work as practically all have three motors and the short distances
flown out and return makes it safe for then to operate over water. Thus
it 13 not essential to use all harbors and attacks on convoys and shipping
may be conducted from fields situated inland from the coast, There is no
indication that planes are equipped with flotation gear and 1: can safely
be taken for granted that none is used.
To summarize, it is doubtful that the Italia Air Force is any
stronger than it was several months ago or that there are on hand any more
planes than they had in June 1940. With the exception of the successful
development add use of torpedo planes against shipping, no model of any
special merit has been produced. Hundreds of old bombers and fighters are
still employed in active service. The shortage of gasoline, skilled workers,
raw materials, the demand made by Germany for parts and equipment and the
failure to provide adequate training and flight practice all indicate an
eventual decrease in strength and in so far as this office knows, there is
no reason to believe conditions will change for the better.
BECASSAFIED
E O. 11632 See. a(E) and (D) OF -
OSD letter, May, 1972
By SLR
Date
MAY 21 1973
4
-
18430-D(c-9.1.
C-q-b
ISSUED BY THE INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
NAVY DEPARTMENT
INTELLIGENCE REPORT
003-500
108-800
Serial 460-41
Monograph Index Guide No. 104-1.00
-
-
not
(T) with - taire - n. N. 1. Invies fluide
Mass organization must - main title
From
T
at - Italy Date 15 Nev. 1941, 19
Diet, was, carries, office, statem, - pervin)
Reference N.A. Report Serial 548-41 of 16 Sept. 1941.
pervices relate) report, fir. if application
Source Contract (Italian Any officer)
Evaluation
(M official personal pma materation
gelai districture ete
Subject ITALY-POL. rolders ITALY-POL. FORCES - POLITICAL PARTIES
Nates represent nes (Main title - par Inder euro (Aubtities) (Make regarate report each
Base Alere - valued of nown, - associatly stated, - important bes, - - daint, de
ATTOR ITALIAN ARMY AND INCIDT FARTY
Italian Regular Amy Officers 40 not desire to take Oath and
join the Passist Party.
Reserve Officers compelled to join party.
------
1. A Rating " contast reports that he has learned from - Italiem Any
Officer, that Officers of the Regular Army do not desire to take the eath -
members of the Fassist Party and that a delay of three menths after the end
of the war has had to be granted to them. Reserve Army Officers are compelled
to join the party at one.
87
N.A. COMMENT - Reference reported that membership in the Fascist Party
had been eyenci to neval combetants in this war. Apparently
a similar effer of membership in the Party MM presented to
the Amy which the officers dealined all indicated above.
USAB
E G. BUI, Bec. S(R) and MD) or on
OD letter, May, 4, 1972
My SIR
Tate MAY 81 1973
Distribution By Originator
Fenting stare - for - o. % - Tax the distribution Novk below 1s which this particular esta of this report
le partier interate by check 97 oh the engy the emargine of other of this report, To
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Más
Wer
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2
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at
Op-20
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Op. 38
State
Mertine
-
Com
Gil
Return to
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Rase No.
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