Ask the Scholar

Document scope · 1 page
doc
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory. For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.

Scholar Source Context

Document identity
localId
16619261
label
State - Welles, Sumner, October 1937 - April 1938
core
doc
dtoType
document
pageCount
1
Source metadata
Source extras
naId
16619261
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
256980056ad5d367
ocrText
PSF State Dept. : Welles Oct. 1937-38 April Published in Foreign Relations of the U.S. 1937 vol.I, General PP. 665-667 P5F: DEPARTMENT OF STATE THE UNDER SECRETARY October 6, 1937 MEMORANDUM The situation in the world today and the imperative need for the peace loving nations to endeavor to take common action to secure the establishment of foundations for the maintenance of peace could not be better des- cribed than by these sentences from the President's Chicago speech: "The peace loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality. "Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality." No one can today affirm that such a thing as inter- national law exists or that there is any common agree- ment on the part of the so-called civilized nations of the world upon the fundamental standards which should and must govern the relations between nations if world order is to be restored. -2- Is it not possible that before any definite progress can be made towards the solution of the innumerable and grave ills with which the world today is afflicted--and by this I mean the solution of all of the pending polit- ical, armament, financial, and economic problems which must be solved if world peace is to be attained-that an attempt should be made to secure general international agreement as to the fundamental norms which should gov- ern international conduct? If such bases were to be agreed upon by common international consent, is it not likely that that agree- ment upon common standards will both expedite and facili- tate the practical agreements necessary to reestablish peace in the world? I therefore suggest for the President's considera- tion that he inquire of the other governments of the world whether they will be willing to take part in a world conference which he will be prepared to call because of the reasons above indicated for the purpose of attempting to achieve a common agreement upon the following questions. 1. The basic principles which should be observed in international relations (as, for example, noninter- ference in the internal affairs of other nations). -3- 2. The laws and oustoms of land warfare. 3. The laws and customs of naval warfare. 4. The rights and obligations of neutrals both on land and at sea, except in 80 far as they may be re- stricted by existing international agreements. 5. The right of freedom of access on the part of all peoples to raw materials. The first of these five points covers by implica- tion the whole field of international law. I do not suggest that any attempt be made at the conference pro- posed to undertake the codification of international law. This might well be delegated by common agreement to expert committees appointed for that purpose. What I do suggest is that this first point embrace those principles which are of primary and present importance. If this suggestion is given consideration, it should be made clear beyond any doubt that the proposal envisages solely the reaching of a common agreement upon standards of international conduct and does not embrace either political, economic, or financial adjustments. On this basis I should assume that the non-dictatorial governments would be willing to cooperate. I should likewise assume that Germany and Italy would find it to their advantage to cooperate. Under present conditions -4- it would appear improbable that Japan would take part. From the standpoint of an improved world psychology it would appear to me that a very great advance would be attained if the overwhelming majority of the nations could reach an agreement upon such principles because of the inherent need for the reestablishment of those principles, and that, in addition thereto, the mere fact that the nations of the world today could by con- certed action agree upon anything of vital importance would in itself be a material step forward. U SW:IJ DEPARTMENT OF STATE PF THE UNDERSECRETARY Summer wills October 9, 1937. MEMORANDUM With relation to the suggestion contained in my memorandum of October 6, the President on October 8 expressed his belief that the matter might be handled in the following manner: 1. The question should be dealt with independently of any other conference, consultation, or exchange of views. 2. The first approach should Be for the Government of the United States to indicate to every other govern- ment of the world its belief that international agree- ment should be had upon the five points listed on pages two and three of the memorandum of October 6, and this indication should be undertaken through diplomatic chan- nels. 3. When replies are received to these original communications and it becomes thereby evident that an agreement is had as to the measure proposed, the United States would announce its willingness to the other governments to cooperate with a smaller group of powers in order that this smaller group might by common agree- ment elaborate the principles of international relation- the ПИОЕВЕЕС I if -2- ships and the standards of international conduct be- lieved to be desirable and necessary. The United States to assume the responsibility of determining the member- ship of this smaller group. 4. When a determination is reached by this smaller group upon the questions submitted, the findings will be communicated by the United States through diplomatic channels to the other governments of the world not repre- sented in the smaller group. 5. If it is then ascertained that the great majority of the governments of the world are in accord, it will be determined whether this agreement shall be ratified by means of a world conference called specifically for that purpose or whether formal agreement shall be arrived at through diplomatic channels. U:SW:MW DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON January 5, 1938. My dear Mr. President: With further reference to Mr. Hull's nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize, I have now taken the matter up with the governments of all of the American republics and with certain European governments, namely, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and Finland. I shall also discuss it with the Ambas- sador of Poland when he returns and with the Ministers of Hungary, Yugoslavia, and the Netherlands. I have 80 far been advised that the Governments of Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala have already taken steps to place the name of Mr. Hull in nomination for the Award. I am likewise advised by the Belgian Ambassador that the King of Belgium is proposing the name of Mr. Hull. I have not yet had replies from the other governments above referred to. Both Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler and General The President, The White House. -2- Dawes have written me that they, as prior recipients of the Prize, have already placed Mr. Hull's name in nomina- tion. In my last letter to you on this subject I suggested that you might care to send your personal letter nominat- ing Mr. Hull for the Award to the Department for transmis- sion to the Nobel Prize Committee in Oslo through our Minister in that capital. Will you let me know if this is the procedure you have in mind. As you remember, the nominations must be in the hands of the Committee before the first of February next and since the time 1s short, I venture to ask if you have as yet reached any decision in this matter. Believe me Faithfully A yours, Halls PSF \ Welles DEPARTMENT OF STATE PSF WASHINGTON January 7, 1938 My dear Mr. President: I enclose herewith the draft which you desired of a message to the Congress transmitting your recommendations for naval construction. This draft is approved by the Secretary. Believe me A Faithfully yours, halls Enclosure: Draft. The President, The White House. In my message to the Congress of January 3rd, I stated that "in a world of high tension and disorder, in a world where stable civilization is actually threatened, it becomes the responsibility of each nation which strives for peace at home and peace with and among others to be strong enough to assure the observance of those fundamen- tals of peaceful solution of conflicts which are the only ultimate bases for orderly existence." Nations have been accustomed to look upon interna- tional treaties and conventions as part of the system by which their security and peace are reinforced. With such a belief in the sanctity of international obliga- tions, the need of military defensive force was less pressing. In the world in which we live today, however, recent events have deeply shaken public faith in the binding nature of international obligations. Treaty violations have occurred; as a result each nation has been obliged to take stock of its position to ascertain whether guarantees previously considered effective are in reality adequate. As faith in the sanctity of treaties diminishes, 80 must each nation take adequate precautions to defend itself. We in America believe in the sanctity of treaties. -3- We are convinced that in these abnormal times an ade- quate defensive force will make it more probable that our rights and treaties to which we are parties will be respected. For a number of years the United States has earnestly endeavored in cooperation with other nations to bring about a stabilization of armament through limitation and reduction. Those efforts have thus far proved un- availing but the necessity for such measures is daily becoming more compelling and this Government is deter- mined to continue to strive to bring them about. World progress will be impeded in BO long as the nations do not have the wisdom and foresight to agree among them- selves to cease their competition in armaments. In the present circumstances, however, it is essential that the United States maintain its relative defensive strength. James Madison must have had in mind a situation such as exists today when he wrote in THE FEDERALIST: "If one nation maintains constantly a disciplined army ready for the service of ambition or revenge it obliges the most pacific nations who may be within reach of its enterprises to take corresponding precautions." In full cognizance of the present state of the -3- world, I submit to the Congress of the United States the following recommendation for naval construction. MEMORANDUM New Naval Building Program 1. Increase the present authorized tonnage of combatant ships by 20%. The result of this increase would be as follows: 3 Additional Battleships 2 Additional Aeroplane carriers 8 Additional Cruisers 25 Additional Destroyers 9 Additional Submarines TOTAL 47 2. The construction provided by the above increase to be undertaken during the next five years. 3. An authorization for approximately 1,000 additional aeroplanes. 4. An authorization for 42 auxiliary ships. 5. The cost to be approximately one Mllion dollars. 6. An authorization for an appropriation of $15,000,000 to be made available for experimental purposes in the development of small ships not exceeding 3,000 tons. 7. This new navy building program will require an increase of approximately 1200 officers and 20,000 enlisted men 8. The increased officer strength will require five appointments to the Naval Academy. ABILL To establish the composition of the United States Navy, to authorize the construction of certain naval vessels, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States of American in Congress assembled, That in addition to the tonnages of the United States Navy as agreed upon and established by the treaties signed at Washington, February 6, 1922, and at London, April 22, 1930, and as authorized by the Act of March 27, 1934 (48 stat. 503), as amended by the Act of June 25, 1936 (49 stat. 1926), the authorized composition of the United States Navy in underage vessels X hereby increased by the following tonnages: (a) Capital ships, one hundred and five thousand tons, making a total authorized underage tonnage of six hundred and thirty thousand tons; (b) Aircraft carriers, thirty thousand tons, making a total authorized underage tonnage of one hundred and sixty-five thousand tons: (c) Cruisers, sixty-eight thousand seven hundred and fifty-four tons, making a total authorized underage tonnage of four hundred and twelve thousand five hundred and twenty- four tons; -2- (d) Destroyers, thirty-eight thousand tons, mak- ing a total authori, ed underage tonnage of two hundred and twenty-eight thousand tons; (e) Submarines thirteen thousand six hundred and fifty-eight tons, making a total authorized underage tonnage of eighty-one thousand nine hundred and fifty- six tons. Sec. 2. The President of the United States is hereby authorized to undertake such construction, includ- ing replacements, as is necessary to build the Navy to the total authorized underage composition as provided for in section 1 of this Act. Sec. 3. The President of the United States is hereby authorized to acquire OF construct additional Naval airplanes, including patrol planes, and spare parts Naval and equipment, so auto bring the number of useful air- planes to a total of three thousand. Sec. 4. The President of the United States is further hereby authorized to acquire or to undertake the construction of the following auxiliary vessels: (a) Five destroyer tenders, a total of forty- five thousand tons light displacement Connage; (b) Three submarine tenders, a total of twenty- seven thousand tons light displacement tonnage. (e) Four large seaplane tenders, a total of thirty-three thousand two hundred tons light displace- -3- ment tonnage; (d) Seven small seaplane tenders, a total of eleven thousand five hundred and fifty tons light displacement tonnage; (e) Three repair ships, a total of twenty-eight thousand five hundred tons light displacement tonnage; (f) Two minelayers, a total of twelve thousand tons light displacement tomage; (8) Five minesweepers, a total of three thousand five hundred tons light displacement tonnage; (b) Five fleet tugs, a total of six thousand two hundred and fifty tons light displacement tonnage; (1) one survey ship, three thousand tons light displacement tonnage; (J) one hospital ship nine shousand tons light displacement tonnage; (k) Four oil tankers, a total of thirty-two thousand tons light placement tonnage; (1) Two store ships, a total of oighteen thousand tons light displacement tonnage. Sec. 5. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, much suns as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of this Act. Sec. 6. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of fifteen million dollars to be expended at the direction of the President of the United States for the construction of experimental vessels none of which shall exceed three thousand tons standard displacement. Sec. 7. The allocation and contracts for construc- tion of the vessels herein authorized and the replace- ment thereof, as well as for the procurement and construc- tion of airplanes and spare parts, shall be in accordance with the terms and conditions provided by the Act of March 27, 1934 (48 Stat. 503) as amended Sec. 8. The Act of August 20, X 1916, as amended by Section 1 of the Act of July 22 1935 ( U.S. Code, Supp., title 34, sec. 2), 18 hereby further amended to read as follows: "That the total authorized number of com- missioned officers of the active list of the line of the Navy, exclusive of commissioned warrant officers, shall be equal to 5 ₗ per centum of the total author- ised enlisted strength of the active list, exclusive of the Hospital Corps, prisoners undergoing sentence of discharge, enlisted men detailed for duty with the Naval Militia, and the Flying Corps." Sec. 9. For the purposes of this Act, the term "underage" shall be construed in accordance with the terms of the Treaty signed at London, March 25, 1936. ITIM HAS BEEN From the COMMITTEE FOR CONCERTED PEACE EFFORTS IN SECTIONS. For release Monday, January 10, 1938 . West 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 714 Evens Building, Weshington, D.C. Statement on Behalf of Concerted Peace Efforts The situation which confronts the world today is without perallel in history. At - time when most peoples and governments wish peace and security the threat of war hangs like . cloud over all. The drift toward catastrophe can only be stopped if the peace-loving nations will act together to uphold the sanctity of international obligations. They must deny assistance to # treaty violator and withhold means for the consolidation of any subsequent gains, while at the same time acting to - move economic and political injustions and to strengthen the institutions of peace. At the moment when the world's peace machinery is being held by treaty breakers in increasing contempt, it must be given # renewed testimony of faith by the na- tions who wish peace. There is no other alternative. If we do not act together now, we may soon find ourselves in . situation in which the forces of lawinsoness have become so strong that it will be too late for cooperative action to maintain peace. The menace to our peace and prosperity cannot be avoided by # policy of isolation and neutrality. A policy which makes no distinction between right and wrong is repugnent to our conscience because of in denial of the moral order in the world; it is unterly contrary to the spirit of the Kellogg-Briand Part for the renunciation of war, and it encourages the aggressor. The restoration and maintenance of peace is not 4 problem for the action of a single government, but for the cooperation of all But there must be leadership in the development of this cooperation. We urge that the Government of the United States point the way to the practical application of these principles. We appeal to public opinion throughout the United States to support this leadership on the part of our Government. . - Abdoes, MD Name Inste M. Julian - - Upsas Grant No N C Houghts, Have Peul M. - Cherks - Ped Form, Detail - I Brand factor The - Into Colorado I Formen, Greend Registring Cop., 1 I I Freed Plane Comm - Redix Date Claim Garie - less Have Ma I Comparte New For No Brundeld Diskriesse / Cleanive line I M. Larson las degains, Millind, | Ever Malyment al her it - - Evedevic - Heavy I Tem College Change New Ished - Alama has - Date Abound of ! Ent Upole Mm Cologo Name lad Arter Therges Companyment Complete day Delversity - - Deniel Adam News, the Ma Madrise die Usive C, Arter Boxe - A Good Mr. Trade - Cres la Case Mayor * the I Leste Cres. Case Opin Product 4 lis - Divisity I Juhn Level I Presides, May Genden Thompson I I Date General - Divorce THE Have Cose 1 High I Predench r Adier Park have Chard If Agex Leah Divis cap, Dwight Taben - I Reading I 1 Providers, On Rour - I Geneley Mrs. - Lewell Mame Cree. I - Allen Recking É - Enery Brea Brand Magant - Mary's College Adv di - Levingion Newsli Name Other Die Marting - $ Marijard Come 1 loss - Time If Mm lows Me Alima - I Monte Levy And [ of Insure Cres, Charlem Andrew CAS - New Colope If Me Tee I True, Cose Transport Mo. - Find Hostand I Provides Leager of Frant de . New F Our Them Chap Revy Tale Name Creése - 1 I I Case Now Allen Janes H. Las - Crip Pullips Have Crea. Name livense of lesse De Leg Allen Burd Hour Care Alabama No. like Cald Joseph - - Fristingh - Cell Nive e Pensign I jer Date Mas Traving 1 I I - Columnity - that = Have Cres Chevil P Possible Viale Hight Company No. Maries Delair I Seles Cell Calimity New Mis last - Countriner Croder 7 of Case I Litten - & Providers May Class and College May Lemer & Damail, National 1 o Insuré live Mos I Prescribe, Duilley Cell has Name Harriet a Presk on Ind Janes Halley F at. Mariew - College I College No. I Givenes of - Finden Company - A Min Alley di L - Sex Cald Mrs. Loss cao, I Lewis MD ber Claims One Gare - vilus Ann Relatives, 1, Andie Cowing Altred - Valer Hollihen lated of and Checks THE - Clais, (in Mai Labor Hould Premis H. of Delevery per Sign Tallook time Name Cree Carge Bank Paul Cose I and di Del Clarch, la No Day Twile Aple, Call Charles Fresk Cose I - Name George G. - Clerk Mr. Tel Need Coest, - el I el Tale Celle thank Commine Barre Credit Need Anderwis May lest Leg Name Cies Gap New York l'ingless Named Mrs. - and Cresine Tax 5 Callege, 1 Chicago New Cress Enjoyene College, - May 7 de Named I Y. CA, Gogan I Marhal - Temale 1 Unger I Cree. Yes Nay Namber - Crea Reduct Presied F. I Name G Fanter's I of Mis. Unplain Servech Ovide Check Surphase Name Cree . Colombia, No. Empl. Pie - - Marght No. Purso Crimps I College, il Donty Fuler Previders Name Have CA, Lie Hanvy Name Herry A. Alima Propose Name Cress Cive Share User - I - Time Extger Fater General bills ! Consul Chicago 1 Foreign I - Bille - ] I and Date of Tel Calmale Cologe, New Test Pun for Cose Regal - H. Tenan Date Code H. President, il General Many Tachin - Clerk I I I I Tail Cose Date The School - I - £ Desent Alve I I N 1 Green Name - I Cress Albert Hypes Charges as The Address Case Tempile Cose Inni I Yes Increased I F Help New c. I - Web fide les Mis Asim - CARE Labrilla, Cres Charges Friend - And I el - Mm I Departing - Homes . = Mail Commiss Calamia Vone Super her Aplica Mm The Chevi, Jumes Yes Alles Birth Registro Caloge Fines I Cambridge, Garver 1 F. Diese, May Angeles Cas LA. Classiond, New Have One Ma Advention, Check F x Chap I Andress a. Destrib Pablic Ala I Cangres E N, Till Yes Plank Main a Road Harvey [ Butler Deside C. Programi Allive Value I - Describe Sincey Fred Ingive - Cherch, I Expert Mom I Relega Joseph Check Them bested - of Classive Com I The Mis Dans of - - - Valumen Mis E F Antior * Cose Name leavel Der I MD Cherch June - Predent Inno Junes to Las Gll - . - Ford - a Fab, level T-- Name THE Last Land Bode You Cress Dana Not Daine Haw Yark K. Tel Chard Aprin An los Gereral Cres - No New Test Have N. Have Plagies a Johns I Name Rigar Heise Mare a New Have Cres. College Medical New has - Colorado la Call Fax Call Mr. i Representative - Income Joseph Cadden - No Insurance Camila Last I a Geord I Incomed Fast Prémation Les Professions, 3 - May Che Charles Lowell Reg Cred, May F Daniel Devision Charge Duegs Manalester May Cade 3 Describe Ma Name the - 24, Chesik, Fax, Two E Heise Handline IL Albert I I windy T. Professional Classi, for Get. - Vacies Class & Invoice - Circums Extemine, No. New " Presk E. Kee Class, ⑆ Very Reserved McGene K I Burnis Cowely Del j Charles Jacksone President, Column Valley College, - Celd. Cas My Have Y H. M.D. Ma a No. Claim Degis Contribu Ma Hyman Class Mis. Panell Mas Caroles Benew Hey 5. ND No. Date New 3 I Bath Code New Test Assa M. No Robert Named I Due Lewen Ma I Ruf Ishael Benefit New Inco College - From Hangent Expensed Net On Chapse - N.J. Robert Desensed Refer le I I Mr. N. Mis. Public Benry E Carybell Chrise demise Lasger Pare and Tales - I - and Prom a I Ted New Le CARR . Charles Bertiest Mana Devision Ma Harmon Fack Certifier limi Mem College, and Commission led. College From Ma I Chench, femines, New Have - of Celifornia, City, Cresentiver Senings I New Howe, Coss 3 like Villen Duller Poodle Ind. « Case Res Cashe I I Federal Chanches, Union Avide Two Ma Joseph Devise Yes Commis 1 Employees New Reverse Com Tel Robert = Fand A. a Check Class Help - lieu E Dividente Cell. Common I Here - Digne di Biger - Callege E Comil Dews United Cigna Returning Temple I I THE - Date T One Ow Their the - Civil, diamy - 4a I Lige Here - - - College Leone School, Capil - No College Production I from * Paint The - - - the New Ted No. Now De Date - Arthor Resk - I [ - I - - Vehicle I - Group Godes State Rev Yes Name Patie the General Provide Decemity of Mains, Add on by Policed in 1 C - Capital I I - Run Printed In E = Middle Call - - - - I Main Mo. Be Fails Fresh Name Reg I * Chanch, Alahama T [ Begin CAN - of Tenner les Co. Handend, Cas - Having is Fax President 1 & Rebert Done I Y I I terming Land No I [ - Ank - Jane Num Date Intel Relatives, desire Mo. Harriel M.K. Franches Com Na Insular - [ P fulle Der - Hubeit Binght Case I I I Mark he Falm - Cree for Ipingal Chest, Neb - Came have Cale Also : - Cases Chard Alahoma Oate Due Jules - Availa, Calles, Behigh Jobson 1 has Com Reigh - Check distoms A. be Cale Mater Males Vilue Nume Bullar College Exper - form ( Day Reigh M. Came Provident, Ruben - Types - Ma I ! - - Cologo Respond Change MIC Name - Hollidar We Hand Carolina Presiders, Parent Tosted I I juke I - Pine Mis. National - How Tord Adde - Natived et From Mania leuis - Name Chemk Aire Droper One - 1 i New Fail - - Rest Providers, - Consell of Carles Dete Bank, Gran I [ Hases For Chank jobs Mailed - el Finglais Rag la No 1 Allen - Philadelphia Pa Redue [ And A la 3 National Chiches Mine I Colomado a. Family Pursent One Dani I Males Hay Car have III Then Backman Lase # Case Caline Code Name Resig had Grand E.L. I - Jubs Voir F 1 Former of Feare Date - Delivery Colonder, - Lemicies - Naturalis Board of Techniques Arther Hoste I - Fease - College Also Provige Mis Deril lise - Prems. - Enega La. I Project - Camie Chapman Can Charge New Mo. Mostiner - Came I Pain E. Maine Date New 1 E Frederic - I E Mes - burier Word Lauise Bulking Dislinghem lad - - Nod. Howard - Feese Delive les Call New Yes - Fine Loss - digined - Name i Mainey Nation Faim of - - du 1 - - Commel Productional Commed of Carent New Middle | Number Case - et Family Evening - Call - Donto Card - has Test Beila Duid James Galages Pable Total lane College - From I - fetwing 1. Explanes - No - Claim Now Tel New Name - I Tear Mo. Maily Expension Our Level Maw York Bank Transport Feeber Daive Walls 1. M. I Arpin, Origon Engrees, Dra. Auto Welder - Board Tello, - Document Failing le tall I Cale E I describe Board of of ? New College Middletery, in d'eisents I Provided Cins. Come Ridger D - I Cirl the Reed Persionel Dre - Tell Danid Caines Mas Haller Lindo Mays Name Road Relation Walls Dodge Autor hand Faienters, Case Emaily New Tell the Velapa - Fail CAS New Fail Loss G. brail Proble - Printed One 1 Pla. - Bacherish Chillen Claims Pink Post Combridge - Design Company Thomas Rapies Road Other Dre Imiging L Visite National I The New Republic Nvw Tall Deposit Code Dailar Christian Cherrh, Zecharish is Lemide Indice Cell Felephone é Brand, Name - Poof. Hand Mari of Gell And New Cree Mille Kater Genel I Bidge # - Date Organ Expor Ander Live Company Claim la Jahn Spargo Chellies, Train Claimant Mix Herrie a. Bubert D. Name Cres - delived College, Insure et Marking and Madical ou n 1 Determity of - - National Bord, - College Roby Regist Karlar - Market De: I Miss Victor began Lemiter I F Employees, New 1 Balant - / Nine Masset Miga is New No. Felive Imp. - Name Nam. I - Results Now Name Have Advance the Deside Redief Date Mas Fresh b. Karth Mrs. Servel Market Crissill College ] I Ma. E figure E. I Hey Tax - Code - From Pay Clerric faire, Name et 1 Crimit I THE - Find) Clais, founds, Fail Raish Northed Do lowa Natural ford New Yes Date Com Fa No. Fied Lewis I Report legin Class Done Code - a Regulds, MD. lag Wherles Class Camil Date Salem, Ihre & I Cale Chenk Larger - Indemial Material Faige if Preside 4 I - Date CHE Artha March George En New Tell E - - - Case - Kela Delived Cherk el Colonado, Time of - Constant New The Depair chapse Fain Purland, Dra Cale Tax the College - Fine - Pail H. Couples No - on New can Chinge 5 Gift Name The I Die Deniel March Name Reported Rich Engine States - Dest a. Cres Redent Provides Chew - and Case a Class logical del las Monia, Call - Tile - in Whing While Chinge Laden Garden Nail New Review Law el Digivers I Have - Design Cred, - heis Best Fail I I Richarden 1 - Magan Visa - Lesingion 4) Family Cas Gener Ordined, cell leve division, las. New Tel Those Name Adams Nom Christian institud Grand Services CA. live - Inigi Charmes - Naised Bad, Datenty el - Drive M. Ma Alled lieu No Info Native Com I Provides, Colops Omaha Claims M - Case les depoin, I New @ - Rade Invoice Date Maria Bay Nages Sage New Report N. Richarder Fa. Mas L Whichere 1 8 Marylies - Kathryn H. back Metal Presio 1 The Calop - From Reys a Heal of - New Yes Ban M. hel Franking of E Taxe las A Idea 1 Pal. No. The Childre - 1 Green bily I No. Geogr Maria is Time Ringer Missi Congo Bonk - Expression Tende Fate: lines, Ma Organizing Crew, Owned Chew Palis Committee - CLO, New - Codego for From Mis Kentis Aspirs, on Primare Hand Whine livites, Come Atter Hobert Mame A I'mé Name Taxa Have Case, New New Phile - Pa Please Classions, a Berre Chapones Date Date for Mahia Renal Delevery No. have of less Tenne Date I 1 Mey Report Ker Irea DIS in Pa Canhola Chapters, Tale of final, Ma I - Main Downmed - Palmer Cigle x. - of - Martin Tabe Opine New Name, Cree. / Main Carbola Free Chipmen Boxe 4) - Yani Oute Thomas as Nombe Vale Call Christer lines Momine, Part, Tale New Name One I Miss. Heive Gawting Deald M. Ha Kene No. - Mari Gasige Adms Oliber livel Biaine - Child I - I Check Down Even Para National - Treat a President Blae College, Callage Columbia - De Buis Public Afam Commiss (Noversity Callines suil and - of device, Rivie Have Come Mr. Town New Findles All Regest Charch / Del Mm HIS Celd - Marve Allug Banch Nvw Prevides, Inco l'evel AVE, [ Ear Classion Dias, Danid Dated Class Grand et de - H. - Chick Mrs. Genge Gelliers My Mrs. Binder Cres. live Chairmen of Enend Code One E No. Promot Pro. Crepar of Danad, 1 las Presented, Call Products Collage 1 I I 1 Provider, - Callex General Dudaine Paul General I Paties Persiand, de Kinde Mather Diam Classiand, - Claim bene el Former and las & - Rigar Kensing Hanned Beview Name Presidents Combine College, - E Address 1 Delivery M. Katherist - William Mande The - N Draver Cale Commy Credit Deaser Cala Main, ND Dive Males, Inco Jule for Date Ratury Class Call President, Enliga Delivery - Production of Arthor cas land TM Den Married, Case Visal D Hilled En I Alick MA - A. Servement Claims, Sespben Duggen National Commission - Cellege Katting Information May Devid - A. Villane Due Hay - Cream Edecation Ma. Hamid Colorado, Caminidge New Check Odera ! Provided the Denied - Cree. CARE Event Claim New Tel Cele Mis. Water Kiddie, Ower Mauset Now Yark Labord Bas New William Mis. Animal - New Two - De I Cene Check New Cree Hold Delease Cark Have D. Vilue Hischirg less de - Talegraph Co. Pine Am Name Change Gennar & - Check et Lating - All/ved CHE III - Fresh Company Our I F Minesil Have Provide fales New Ford Howerd Villane Bive - Falley, International, Outs Biller New Family - - Blue Marchase Brand Tubles, Case Villas ? Mm - - Alahema Gover Claim Dosglas M. Dute el Nap Tak May 1 Family Case Walse No. New lieu On Julie Villam Datent, Cale - Value - Colorado Delive Hanry - and Les The National et Does Ma By or I I Manager Persioned Chemic of Manual Mobile - I New Tel 3 South Grogle Presiums Due Charies Organi and Banco of An Delive foundo, Mrs. Edward . Singero will 1 Reselt Clarke College New Reder - N. Fred - No. desie Collige lives Tea New 4 - Lossel 216 Charlotes Marve Crees Nover Cree Senford Insuldant View Date - Fort Fed Kindrey Edward Chenk Calorado documento Jake f B. Bobel 1 Case - of Class, Aubert Outier Calk /adyo - Arter Des New Name New Two Mrs. Credit New I'mé Claimit 5 ! N.D. - Respons Delemits New lien Comil Holder Game En - Howird Matuh - Presive College, Yale New Rom Crea. Description New fadore Chand Del form 7 1 Check of - the Twenty, Omata Buben From live Hold I You - Invoices to Haling I I - Lame Bender - the College - T Chagh Deleit Mas Numberg - Res University Name # Der No. Design Memor New Tod I Tel r Chie Charge Date 3 Heige Claims Nations National bilve. fad Prigrem Middlistery College, Middless n. Mation - Vo l'events Date Tow Fail Date - Tile lissed Bale Ca. Mins. Author Bank Part Calles, Calls I la Pussive, Call Call Dels. Come juins Des Carem the like. - Keigle Edwis Maril Page Park - And - Ead Ma. - Visa Chk Me - lorgit Codes Provides, Internal Chest From Product Beener, Cale Band New - and Two a Griend, loss Pai Name No. Edward - New Ford New Tel Mary Yas Class I $ Ma New Tel Gange Lense Puice lauf I H. You Wood Charler - - Sought Codes Availa Hage Invoice less Maril Repund Retional Purchase Debends of N Mn Provide Mrs Tel United a and Time Faire fatery Mart - Varm - Mrs How les (laima, lieu hand Fair Date New Two - Factor ] Mis too a Globe I - Ca Income Revel College - Fa Provident, demiss - a falles Males Educal Malder New heen Frank Family, Cose York - Gell Fr. Grand la Comp fullives After Cremits parter Kinded Please Memil - Nymmid Fund, Buben Car le Holand Theiring Intend for Le Prescribes City of Dates Casa Ne Disp Review And Rew - Class fire - No Rowell Min. Elichen Exempt Capper Corporation Also tal New Tel Principal, a licked, Date Tal Provides, College of Fair I Mayor Extend Fa Celd. No. Maple c. Vontal Mrs. Feederic his Pass Yisal On 3 Fail les Call - the Comet, Family Cree Superso B. Code The Daily Time. Fine Inig Holley Mrs. M. C. Night Provider, Natural Board LA, Ma. 1 Revised Alive 2 Come - I bownlier Heread No I News Laster Naired Brand Nomber Fa Compressive Hand Vanid Cambridge, I Tab Bales Pro. control form - New Name Caminal Chench May I - Fun 2d. Le Apriles, Call Milled Change Main Owner Coleman Providers, Balon Income Main - Case Charma Hamber Free Comil Marchand, Case Mis. Edwis Miller Depends California Leary Name Later H. c. Woodword Perm/ Av's of President, Callege, Mis Galdman New Gener Carbland Benkeles, Call Legar of From Pain - - of Religion - Claim deri. Referrer Date Name Caleman 6 New York Call Charmas, No. Julie - Prividers, Com lin Eines Guffey Miller Name Trader Association New Former President, Read College, the Resident Bord Edwards Fuel, New levels New Have Come Member Family desire le. lugin M. Oila - Name Dre disdoms National Issue Parters Cive Creed Camp I New Fail Commission Pa. Mo. May II Medical w Edwin é Deville Pails Dellar Avery New Time Woodward Call Frands Public Miller I Die liver - - Services live Callene et Denid 2 Edwards X M.D. Frank 0. Holmes Cris. I C Main, 2 fact, Invoice - As President Plan, New - Lafer - sue M. a Nation Case The demiss Privad, Returned Via. Productive Civile Comp. Cumm Finding Em Mrs. 2 Hamilive 1 Organize - - College, Date Ram, As Mari Commi of America, Mrs. - Fune el Man Waster a Provident, Company Edwards Presidence College, Miller life Receive - Boken - Aves Live D. Bleed A. Good Flow Fund Fie 1 de - of Forming Edward - Combility Dress Cale Late Champion Piew - Comer Code New el Damind, Casa Gowes Mn James Lais Landlore Funds H. I lynne - B. Chilage Goode Fa. Mo Marine x Miller De Discover Mains - late been New n Aligail Janem - Hand Mn William Land - Division, Mained Coment Ive Providers, Cell. Product - Bath I New Name Cas Resell I Type - Ted di Mathed Perio Commission Form New Test Joseph Fee Date Nation Cree America a A. - Commate M. But . New Name Cas New Orlans is Project Miller live Pours and Demone's Reso May Vicknes Mark Products Deleise Cologe Name a Rige Culle Lamint Post Chemic Boders I York deposits 3 . Commerk 1 liger Godgent New York Chell May - - George lesse have I I I Care falls . x Voine College el Chiegs Chap a - Ca. Texas Las Aspin. Call - President, Caliga Issued Be PA Mugaret Spender Millies, Combinity New Mis. Box Goden Tell Failed Relation Remove New Yest Comp la Juhn - Mis Have Der Talent has Vigit Cannot A Bladet, Del Mis Hat n. Painte The Chees - Lasis Willer L. Miller Gell of by Be, - Date New Yest President Jarger el From Cree Drg. Postand las G. Gashin has is Call Landoor - du C Dudien feed, Ma Tyler Melvin Vigle Beidges New Tel City, New Yes Kapte - Long New le From William Mille James Person Pa. Birth Theme Aplical Check Ma Junes Sent Count to Call Celture Mes Mel x Gaten Now Ind College has Condito Twice Date Vigle Call Primar I Mari Overs P Bis for Name Na Inné F. Horise Lase Laid Mills June @ Permis I Chinago, Chinge . Deser College, Mm - Pass Comes from Deter Fe Conking Formal Cost Chema live Frand Reved Combidge Name TM Rive Teler Vigit n. I Anidas Talle D Hame il Prescrion, Call Cale I Terres Fail Nachelle Taxa - N Haved Combridge, Elbert Signature Fa Mm Orena & Bills Fater c. Philip Code Check Jack Mindy Date No. Tador - Ww May India Tarres, Fat Cise Date law n. Criend College Griend I Schein Procident et Columber Mrs. Arthor i Dal Paril, IN Vider N/a a. Cose Ma Mille Hombro Social Lane below Probody - the Nvw Find Free Clear, Le p. Max Trages President Harred Desil of Invid Monie Liewellen Code New Tax les Cound / Der Moles Prev Grosse Care - Care el Kee Ted les Templete Commine - Der Mainer lowe Mistell Cross Vilas In Schiefule Frant Nine As - line la Notal Callege FL Dreim Cale Provist of Educational Experient 1 Permer Consectivel delivery New York Ms. - Lash Langulard = Rew Fail Julian Codidge Feries, Case Parter Galan Mathed Hoskins Named Creent of / Finn New President, College Ferters Cose Miles (adge Chail Comes, - Name Combridge, Name Mr. Kindell 1 Mark Due Theological follow Tab Fe No Minhell M. h Home blesk Res Tells Provider Reed and Nagazine Brade Combs Petix Certifies Classi MIL M. Callege Bad 0 Primis hereby Cas New Time New Two litel the Plane Perman by Due - Charmas - Relatives, After Committee, No. has Gam Bober * Howking Valor Mistall Salidary Compregatived Clark Med > Miss Latte There Lesse Class Change New Tax Code Columbia University New Ted falishers Com Name Pet Lenel April Check Chaps ill has Name New l'ind Class: THE WHITE HOUSE filerate WASHINGTON January 7, 1938. MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE Some way, somehow we must stop the leaks in regard to the Diplomatic appointments. It is becoming a positive scandal. I realize, of course, that there was much general conversation about Kennedy and Wilson, even though Arthur Krock swears he got the Kennedy tip from the State Department. Yesterday the Star had the story about Davis going to Brussels. I have not mentioned the subject to anyone -- even the White House staff. And on top of it comes the telegram from Bogota that Des Portes is to go to Colombia. I do not know who handles these things down the line in the State Department, but I think the time has come to announce that if in the future there 1s any leak, everybody down the line will be sent to Siam! F. D. R. PSF: Welles DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON January 10, 1938. My dear Mr. President: I have Just received your memorandum of January 7 with regard to leaks in the State Department in the mat- ter of diplomatic appointments. If there have been any leaks to the press coming from the Department of State, I wish to assume entire personal responsibility therefor. Since your last memo- randum to me upon this subject, the entire procedure with regard to the handling of diplomatic appointments in the Department has been changed. Under present arrangements, no officer of the Department, with the exception of the Secretary and myself, knows of the diplomatic appointments which you intend making until it 1s time for the nomina- tions to be made out. The telegrams requesting agrements are dictated by myself and handled by one trusted officer in the Code Room. When nomination papers have to be made out, I ask Mr. Howland Shaw, the Chief of the Bureau of Foreign Personnel, to handle this himself. Consequently, under present conditions there are approximately only The President, The White House. -2- six individuals, including the Secretary and myself, in the Department who are familiar with the diplomatic ap- pointments to be made. So far 8.8 one can be humanly sure of anything, I am sure that any leaks to the press with regard to the last diplomatic appointments you sent to the Senate have not come from this Department. With regard to Joe Davies' appointment to Brussels, you will remember that I asked for the agrement from the Belgian Government over two weeks ago and informed the Belgian Ambassador here simultaneously. About a week after that time I asked the Ambassador to hasten the agrement, and he asked me what he should say to the constant inquiries which were being made of him as to whether or not it was true that Mr. Davies was going as Ambassador to Belgium. I asked the Ambassador to keep the matter entirely con- fidential and to make no comment until you had made an appropriate announcement from the White House. I mention this to indicate to you that rumors of Joe Davies' appoint- ment to Brussels have been current in Washington for many days past, and I myself have seen frequent references in the press during that period to the appointment. These rumors did not emanate from this Department, I an sure. Finally, with regard to the report from Bogota that Des Portes is to go to Colombia, you will remember that last summer you selected Spruille Braden as the next -3- Minister to Colombia, and Mr. Braden was advised accordingly. He has been kept on at the Chaco Conference because of the acute situation which has developed there, but as soon as the new government of Argentina is inaugurated on February 20 next, with the probability of a new Argentine Foreign Min- ister, the Secretary and I believe that he should at once proceed to his new post. The press report with regard to Des Portes, of course, 1s therefore entirely incorrect. Forgive my taking up 80 much of your time with this statement, but inasmuch as I feel personally responsible I wanted you to know that I did not believe that any of- ficial in the State Department 1s in any way responsible for this leakage. Believe me Faithfully PL yours, Nehr wills no: DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON January 10, 1938. My dear Mr. President: In your confidential memorandum to me of December 22, commenting upon the letter of December 17 which Norman Armour had written me from Ottawa and which I sent you for your information, you told me that you wished the mat- ter followed up and that you thought the Dominion Govern- ment could well send an army man and a navy man here con- fidentially to talk "off the record" to some of our Army General Staff and Navy Operations people. When Norman Armour was here in Washington last week I told him of your wishes and said that I felt the only safe way for him to carry out your instructions was to have a personal talk with MacKenzie King. I have just now received a letter dated January 8 from Norman Armour, telling me of what he has done, and I am sending you this letter since I think you will wish The President, The White House. -2- to read it. Believe me Faithfully A yours, halls Ottawa, Canada, PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL January B, 1938. Dear Summer: I went to see the Prime Minister last evening in order to tell him about my transfer to Chile, and during the course of our talk he gave me n. very good opening to raise the question of west coast defense by showing me 6. letter dated December 21st last, written to him by the President, inwhich the Presi- dent had expressed the hope that Mr. King could come down to Washington in the near future, as there were several questions he thought it would be useful to talk over, including the general world situation, and particularly the Far Eastern situation. Mr. King said that in his reply he had informed the President that for the moment it would be difficult for him to get away, particularly as he feared his presence in Washington might cause some conjecture with The Honorable Summer Welles, Under Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. - 2 - with regard to trade agreement matters, but that 1f he could arrange to get away perhaps later in the winter or early in the spring, after Parliament, which opens January 27th, was well under way, hew ould certainly do so. With this opening I told Mr. King that so far as questions regarding the Pacific were concerned, I felt sure I knew one of the questions which the President would like to discuss with him, and then went on to outline the matter as set forth in the President's memorandum to you in connection with my letter to you of December 17th last, which you had, I understand, submitted to him. I told Mr. King that if he could arrange to have an army officer and a naval officer go down to Wahh- ington, in mufti of course, and preferably not together, arrangements would be made for them to see General Malin Craig, Chief of Staff of the Army, and Admiral Leahy, Chief of Naval Operations, and that I felt sure that such an exchange of information as might result would prove extremely useful. I felt sure that such visits could be arranged without any publicity, and that 1f the Canadian Legation in Washington - 3 - Washington could be notified of the approximate date of the visits and could get in touch with you, the necessary arrangements could be made in short order. Mr. King expressed entire approval of the proposal, and said that he felt sure that meetings of this sort would be extremely useful. He made nottof the names of General Craig and Admiral Leahy, and told me that he would look into the matter at once. He mentioned the names of General Ashton, Chief of Staff of the Canadian Army, and Commodore Nelles of the Navy, as possibilities to send down, but he was merely "thinking out loud" and I think has not yet reached any decision. He told me that that afternoon he had had a long talk with Mr. Bennett, and intimated that they were in entire accord that the gravity of the world situation required the closest cooperation between all groups in the Government here, and I think this is a clear indication that Mr. King will have no real difficulty in securing the support of all groups in Parliament, with the possible exception of the extreme French-Csmadian element, when the appropria- tions for defense are brought up, The indications are - 4 - are that these appropriations will duplicate those of last year, 35,000,000. This seems a small amount when one considers the territory involved, but when considered in conjunction with last year's appropria- tion, represents a great advance over anything Canada has done for some years. In any case, the important thing is that King seems to be awake to the seriousness of the situation, and to be in hearty agreement with the President that close cooperation between us is not only advisable, but essential. I shall not fail to notify you as soon as I hear anything more from him. Ian Mackenzie, the Minister of National Defense, has just returned, and they were having a meeting of the Cabinet today and are scheduled to have two or three more next week. If I don't hear anything from Mr. King by the middle of next week, I shall try to see him. In any case, I am dining with him next Friday before our departure, which is now scheduled for Saturday, January 15th. This will bring me to Washington Monday forenoon, January 17th, when I shall come in to make my report to you. In the meantime, I am enclosing an article from the Toronto STAR giving London comment on the question of Filve are - 5 - of Canada's defense and suggested cooperation between Great Britain and the United States, together with Canadian comment on the suggestion with regard to plans for fortification of the frontier. I was glad to see that these reports were promptly denied in Washington. You may be interested in the DAILY STAR correspondent's interview with Major General William Rivers, who, you will note, is reported as saying in reply to the question "Does anybody in Washington worry about the defense of Canadian coastal regions?" "I have not heard SO. There is very little discussion of the question." With kind regards, Sincerely yours, Noman Huncar Enclosure: From Toronto DAILY STAR, January 6, 1938. BSF.Willus Wells (1) DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON January 14, 1938. My dear Mr. President: With further reference to your memorandum to me of December 22, conveying your desire that the Canadian Government might send an Army man and a Navy man here confidentially to talk "off the record" to some of our Army General Staff and Navy Operations people, Norman Armour telephoned me last night from Ottawa, saying that he had had a private conversation with MacKenzie King covering this question. He told me that the Prime Minis- ter was very heartily in accord with your suggestion and was arranging to have the Chief of the Army Staff and the Chief of the Navy Staff come down confidentially to Washington next week. He said that nothing would be known of the trip, that the two men would go to the Canadian Legation, and that the Minister would be in- structed to advise me upon their arrival. In order that the necessary preparations may be made for these conversations - which the Prime Minister The President, The White House. -2- hoped might take place in the Canadian Legation in order to avoid any possible publicity - do you not think it would be well for Admiral Leahy and General Craig to be advised immediately of the forthcoming visits? If you desire this to be done, will you wish to speak to them personally or do you desire me to convey the message in your name to Admiral Leahy and General Craig? Believe me Faithfully DL yours, Hills PSF Welles THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON January 18, 1938. MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE will you speak to me about this? F. D. R. Memorandum from Fay Allen DesPortes, American Minister to Guatemala, to the President, dated December 23, 1937, Subject - Freight rate discriminations of the International Railways of Central America against United States Trade -- Imports and Exports. PSF: Welles THE WHITE HOUSE mells WASHINGTON PERSONAL AND COMPENSITIAL January 25, 1938. MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF STATE I thought you should see this as I think it should have come through you. What do you think? F. D. R. Letter from Secretary Welles suggest- ing sending up the nomination of Adolf Berle B.B. Assistant Secretary of State. PSF trillis Feb. 9, 1938. Letter to President From Summer Welles Suggests Pres. not reply to Dearing's letter of Feb. 5, 1938. SEE--Sweden-Drawer 2--1938 fallional DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON February 26, 1938. My dear Mr. President: In view of the leaks which have occurred in the past in connection with diplomatic appointments upon which you have determined and which have resulted in publicity be- fore any announcement was made from the White House, you will be interested to know that early this morning certain press correspondents called up the Department of State to find out if it were true that Mr. Nicholson was to be trans- ferred from Venezuela to Nicaragua. Since Mr. Nicholson's reply, which I read to you on the telephone last night, only came in yesterday and since no one in the Department has known of this transfer except the Secretary and myself, I am bringing the matter to your attention because of the fact that Senator Minton was informed of your decision in this regard by the Secretary yesterday and obviously the leak in this case can only come from his office. Since the White House has sometimes felt in the past that the Department of State was responsible for leaks of The President, The White House. -2- this character, I wanted you to know that in this case press correspondents already had this information and that it did not come from this Department. Believe me Faithfully D yours, Kalls BF Willes To President From Sumner Welles March 4, 1938. Letter in re-Pres. desire to obtain information as to the nature and amount of supplies of arms and ammunition which were at present being received by the Chinese Gov. The War Dept. is trying to obtain the information with regard to the amounts of arms and ammunition coming to China from Russian sources in the north. Returns conf. map to Pres.---attached SEE-China folder-Drawer 2--1938 PSF:Wellen THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON March 8, 1938. My dear Mr. President: I am enclosing a memorandum of a conver- sation I had with the British Ambassador yes- terday evening. I think that whatever misap- prehension existed in the mind of Lord Halifax has now been cleared up as a result of a cable which Sir Ronald said he would send him last night. In view of the importance of the rest of the message, I thought you would probably want to read this memofandum. Believe me Faithfully Dr yours, All Enclosure: Memorandum, March 8, 1938. The President, The White House. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Memorandum of Conversation DATE: March 8, 1938. SUBJECT: SEASOUT CONFIDENTIAL PARTICIPANTS: The British Ambassador, Sir Ronald Lindsay; The Under Secretary. COPIES TO: ... I-1480 The British Ambassador called to see me late yester- day evening. He had been instructed by telegram from Lord Halifax to convey a message to this Government which he then comminicated to me. The message the Ambassador was instructed to commu- nicate to me commenced with the statement that Lord Halifax was very much gratified to know that the President and the Government of the United States considered the procedure of the British Government in its efforts to find a. polit- ical appeasement "to be right" and that the new British Foreign Secretary was encouraged in the thought that in its effort the British Government had the sympathy of the United States. -2- At this point I interjected to say to the Ambassador that I assumed that this message was the result of a telegram which the Ambassador had probably sent after his conversation with me of March 3 and that it was not the result of any statement made to the Ambassador by the President or by the Secretary of State directly. The Ambassador said that I was correct in that belief. I then said that I felt it necessary in the most friendly way to make it clear that I had never indicated in our previous conversation that the President or any respon- sible officials of this Government had undertaken to determine or much less to say to the British Government that they considered its procedure "to be right". I had said that this Government was, of course, adopting an attitude of contemplation and that it hoped that the British Government in its endeavor to find a solid foundation for a political appeasement in Europe would meet with a complete measure of success. I said that as the Ambassador knew from his knowledge of the proposal which the President had had under consideration for some time that the President frankly recognized that certain political appeasements in Europe with which this Govern- ment had no direct concern and in which this Government could not participate were evidently an indispensable -3- factor in the finding of bases for world peace; that in that sense and in that spirit I had said to the Ambassa- dor that this Government trusted the negotiations for these political appeasements would prove completely suc- cessful, but that I wanted to make it very clear that this Government had not attempted to pass upon the methods of approach determined upon by Mr. Chamberlain nor in any other way to offer advise or counsel as to the manner in which the negotiations were being con- ducted. The Ambassador frankly admitted that he had prob- ably over emphasized what I had said to him in our pre- vious conversation and that Lord Halifax in turn had over emphasized what the Ambassador had communicated to him. The Ambassador said that he himself had been 80 deeply concerned by the attitude of the American press with regard to Mr. Chamberlain's policies and by the dis- tortion of the real issues involved in the conflict which had arisen between Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. Eden that he had been particularly gratified to know from his conver- sation with me that the Government here was viewing the question dispassionately and objectively, and was regard- ing the ultimate objectives sought by Mr. Chamberlain as that which they in fact were--the desire to find through $20.00 -4- peaceful negotiation a settlement of political disputes in Europe so that the world might return to a condition of normality. He stated that I had no conception of the number or the nature of the letters which he had been receiving from private American citizens inveighing against the present policy of his Government and alleg- ing that the British Government was now endeavoring to bolster up the European dictatorships. The Ambassador remarked, "It is not that we like the dictators nor that we want to associate ourselves with them, but since we are confronted with a world in which there are dictators, we have reached the conclusion that the only thing to do in order to prevent war is to try and find a basis for peaceful understanding with them". The Ambassador then went on to give me the rest of the message from Lord Halifax. Lord Halifax said that the British Government was compelled to tackle their European problem piecemeal and that they had commenced with Italy because the rapid and continuing deteriora- tion of relations between Italy and Great Britain was becoming increasingly serious and the British Govern- ment hoped that restoration of confidence and friend- ship between Italy and England might produce a satis- factory and lasting appeasement in the Mediterranean -5- and adjoining regions. He went on to reiterate what Sir RonaldLindsay had communicated to me in an earlier conversation, namely, that the British Ambassador in Berlin had been instructed to see Hitler on March 3 and that as a result of that conference the British Government hoped to be able to appraise the prospects of advance in that quarter in order to devise a meas- ure of appeasement in Central and Eastern Europe. The British Foreign Secretary emphasized the fact that both negotiations would be attended by many difficulties but that if these "regional agreements" could be secured, he hoped that any danger of conflict could be avoided at least for a period. At the conclusion of the communication which Sir Ronald Lindsay was instructed to make, Lord Halifax mentioned his belief that in order to secure any real and lasting betterment of the situation it would un- doubtedly be necessary to try and obtain some scheme of general cooperation in Europe not only political, but likewise economic, and said that if the United States Government could at any time see its way to assisting or encouraging such a development, that would undoubtedly be of the greatest value. For that reason Lord Halifax again desired to inform this Government fully of the -6- progress of the British negotiations 80 that the United States could, should it so desire, offer advice or criticism as to the progress of the negotiations and so that the President could, should he be so disposed, determine whether at any point it might be opportune for him to take "independent but correlated action". The message concluded with the expression of the hope that should the President at any time determine that it was desirable for him to take such "independent but corre- lated action", the British Government might be advised beforehand of such intention on the part of the Presi- dent. I asked the Ambassador if he had any instructions which would make it possible for him to clarify exactly what the British Government had in mind in the latter part of Lord Halifax's message. I reminded the Ambas- sador that the President had made it emphatically clear that this Government did not intend to participate in any way in the questions of European political appease- ment and that the only initiative which the President had contemplated was that concerning which the British Government had been fully informed. I said that for the time being the President had determined to hold that initiative in abeyance as the British Government had -7- already been advised and that as the Ambassador had been informed, the British Government would be informed should the President at some subsequent date determine that it was desirable to take any action of the kind which he had previously contemplated. The Ambassador said that he had no instructions whatever in clarification of the points concerning which I inquired. He said that to him the meaning was very clear and that was that if the political appeasements which the British Government was now seeking were suc- cessfully concluded, undoubtedly economic and financial measures would have to be determined upon as supplements and complements to the political appeasements. He said that of course both Germany and Italy, if they decided to move outside of their present autarchic system as a result of satisfactory political adjustments, would find themselves in a very difficult transitional state, both commercially and financially, and that the British Gov- ernment hoped that the other great powers of the world who were seeking to further peace would then consider how they individually might help in the restoration of normal commercial and financial relationships. He said that up to the present time, in the judgment of his Government, the only constructive program which had been / / in Day / = sports too post nos the POSTERS BELOW GESTLUPTS any 72 to DATE -8- put forward during the past five years had been the Hull trade agreements program and the existence, or rather the continuation and enlargement of the scope of that program, would in the opinion of the British Government be the most effective way that had yet been devised of assisting Italy and Germany through the transition period back to normal relationships with the other powers of the world. I reminded the Ambassador that it appar- ently had taken the British Government a good many years to comprehend the truth of what he was now saying to me but that, of course, it was clear that if the Britich Government desired the effective cooperation of the United States through the trade agreement program, the British Government's own sincere and wholehearted sup- port of that program, particularly after the conclusion of the British-American trade agreement, would neces- sarily be all important. I further said to the Ambas- sador that the President's plan had obviously taken the factors which the Ambassador had mentioned to me specifi- cally into account in as much as one of the points which the President would have indicated he was willing to con- sult other nations upon was the devising of methods for the freeing of restrictions upon trade between nations and the most effective manner of promoting an opportunity -9- for all nations to participate in the processes of world trade on a basis of equality of treatment. In concluding this part of our conversation I said to the Ambassador that it seemed to me exceptionally important that there be not the shadow of misapprehension on the part of the British Foreign Office of the attitude of this Government nor as to the limits of activity be- yond which this Government could not and would not go. I said that I appreciated and I was sure the President and the Secretary of State would appreciate the particu- larly friendly nature of Lord Halifax's message but that I wished to assure myself that the precise position of this Government was clearly understood by Lord Halifax. The Ambassador repeated that if there was any misappre- hension it was undoubtedly due to the way in which his earlier telegram to Lord Halifax had been worded and that he would see that there was no further misunderstand- ing even with regard "to the shading or interpretation" of words. The Ambassador then spent a short time in discuss- ing the situation with regard to the incidents which had arisen in connection with Canton Island and the other Pacific islands. He said that he had just received a cable which he would communicate to the Department in CORDINGTOR - association 220 the alood anotted 4th the 202 cauge -10- writing today indicating that the British proposals would be made in the immediate future 80 as to provide a solu- tion of this difficulty. I asked when these proposals were expected and he said that he did not know and that any delay that might ensue would be due solely to the intransigent attitude of the Australian and New Zealand Governments. He told me that he had acted as quickly as he possibly could in communicating with the Governor of Fiji so as to avoid the possibility of any physical difficulty when the American colonists arrived at the islands and that he thought he had acted just in time but that one never knew what New Zealanders might do when confronted with a situation of this character. 30 U SW:IJ THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON March 9, 1938. My dear Mr. President: With reference to my letter to you of yesterday's date, I enclose a further secret memorandum given me by the British Ambassador yesterday afternoon. This memorandum relates to the conversation had with Hitler by the British Ambassador in Berlin on March 3. The conversation would seem to have been highly unsatisfactory. Believe me Enclosure: Faithfully yours, halls Secret memo- randum. The President, The White House. Oral account of a conversation on March 3rd between Sir N. Henderson and Herr Hitler at which Herr von Ribbentrop was present. The latter is coming to London for two or three days thi 8 week when Lord Halifax will have a conversation with him. Herr Hitler was in an excitable mood and spoke at some length on his favourite topics of bolshevism and incitements of the foreign press particularly British. On the main point under discussion his attitude may be summarized as follows. He doubted whether the Colonial question was yet ripe for solution in view of the fact that Paris and London had set themselves too strongly against a return of Germany's former Colonies and considered therefore that a settlement might have to wait some years. He would send a written communication later in reply to the soundings which Sir N. Henderson made with the object of finding out on what line a solution of the Colonial question might eventually be possible. As regards Central Europe Herr Hitler adopted an uncompromising, indeed a vehement attitude. Germany he said would not allow third parties to interfere in the settlement of her relationships with Countries of the same nationality or Countries with large German populations. He went 80 far 8.8 to accuse the -2- the French and British Governments of deliberate steps to spread obstruction of his peaceful endeavour to secure alleviation for oppressed Germans in Austria. Germany he said would have to intervene if Germans were oppressed in Central Europe. She could not remain neutral if there were internal explosions in Austria or Czecho-Slovakia. It was in order to avoid such an explosion in Austria that the Berchtes- gaden agreement had been concluded and if the Austrian Government carried out their undertakings the former difficulties might now be regarded as removed. In Czecho-Slovakia Germans must be guaranteed autonomy in cultural and other matters to which they were entitled in order that a satisfactory solution might be reached. As regards the limitation of armaments the Chancellor maintained that His Majesty's Government would have to begin any discussions with Russia; Germany was not arming against England and any arms limitation was in essentials dependent on Soviet Russia, which was in any case & country which could not be trusted to keep its treaty engagements. Herr Hitler referred to & recent speech by Voroshiloff plainly announcing that Soviet forces would make ruthless use of poison gas; and the Chancellor added, when asked for his view regarding prohibition of air bombing, that he had long made known his attitude on that question and could only add that -3- if the Soviet Union were today to declare their readiness to refrain from use of poison gas bombs it would be impossible to place any faith in such a declaration. His Majesty's Ambassador of course corrected the Chancellor's inaccuracies and protested strongly against his false insinuations. The promised written communication has not yet been received. PSF wells 1 DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON March 16, 1938. My dear Mr. President: I have just received from the British Ambassador a message from his Government of which I am enclosing a copy herewith. You will note that the time and method of accord- ing recognition to the absorption of Austria into the German Reich is now under considera- tion by the British Government and that the Ambassador will receive a further telegram on this point. Believe me Enclosure. Faithfully TA yours, hulls The President The White House. COPY In a speech which Lord Halifax 18 making in the House of Lords this afternoon the following passage will occur. "His Majesty's Government are therefore bound to recognise that the Austrian State has now been abolished as an inter- national entity and 18 in process of be- ing completely absorbed into the German Reich. They do 80 indeed without waiting for the plebiscite, the result of which, in view of the circumstances in which it 1s going to be held, 18 8. foregone con- clusion." This statement foreshadows the intention of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom to recognise the fait accompli of the absorption of Austria in the German Reich. They are considering the time and method of according recognition and a further telegram on this point 18 awaited. March 16th, 1938. Pssilles PSF DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON March 16, 1938. My dear Mr. President: With reference to our telephone conversation this morning, I am enclosing a copy of the memorandum of a talk I had with the German Ambassador on March 14. I also enclose a copy of the memorandum of a con- versation I had with the Canadian Minister yesterday which I believe you will find of interest. The Minis- ter's interpretation of the attitude of public opinion in Canada and of his own Government with regard to any policy which may be undertaken by the British Govern- ment now in connection with Central European problems is, I think, significant. Believe me Enclosures. Faithfully A yours, highs The President, The White House. COPY DEPARTMENT OF STATE Memorandum of Conversation DATE:March 14, 1938. SUBJECT: Recent events in Austria. PARTICIPANTS: The German Ambassador, Herr Hans Heinrich Dieckhoff; The Under Secretary. COPIES TO: are 1-1493 The German Ambassador came in to see me this even- ing immediately after leaving the Secretary of State. The Ambassador told me that he had handed to the Secretary in its German text a formal communication he had been instructed by his Government to make to the Government of the United States quoting the texts of 8. German decree and of an Austrian decree promulgated yesterday declar- ing the union of Austria with the German Reich. The Ambassador remarked that these texts had been published by the press here and that he supposed I had seen them. I said that I had and that I thought they also had been telegraphed to the Department by our missions in Berlin and in Vienna. I asked the Ambassador if there was -2- anything further in the communication he had delivered to this Government other than the text of these two decrees and he said merely the further statement that the Austrian Legation and the Austrian Consulates in the United States had been instructed to turn over their archives and to subordinate themselves to the German Embassy in Washington and to the nearest German consular officers. I made no comment. The Ambassador seemed to find my failure to make any further remark somewhat exasperating and he gave me the impression of laboring under a very considerable degree of nervous excitement and tension. He then broke out with the remark "This is a great day, a wonderful day, for Germany". I again made ne comment. Mr. Dieckhoff then embarked upon a tirade which lasted certainly for ten minutes and which, in view of his usually extremely courteous and pleasant manner and in view of the fifteen years I have known him and have maintained extremely friendly personal relations with him, struck me as all the more extraordinary. He com- menoed with the assertion that no matter what Germany did, the rest of the world was always ready to inveigh against her, to question her good faith, to malign and maliciously to misinterpret her actions and her purposes, -3- and that the present moment was another example of that phenomenon. He said Austria has always desired an Anschluss with Germany, and both the Weimar and the Austrian constitutions provided for such amalgamation. Only through the inequity of the Versailles and the Saint-Germain treaties, said the Ambassador, was such a union made impossible at the end of the World War. He continued, saying that it was now evident to the whole world that the Austrian people unanimously desired to become an integral part of the German Reich. At that point I interjected and said that so far as the impression of the world was concerned, it would seem to me that the impression created had been that the Austrian people had not been given an opportunity of determining that question and that the use of physi- cal force must necessarily be considered as having ob- scured any considered and expressed determination by the Austrian people of what they themselves desired. The Ambassador then went on to exclaim, "If you were in Vienna today you would not feel that way. You would see for yourself that every Austrian wishes to become a citizen of the German Reich". To this I made no comment. The Ambassador then continued by stating, "And if -4- the Austrians are not permitted to have a plebiscite, that would be nothing new. You will remember that when the French occupied Alsace and Lorraine after the World War, Poincare announced that the mere manner in which French troops had been received by the populace in those two provinces was sufficient proof that the citizens of Alsace and of Lorraine desired to become Frenchmen once more". At this point I mentioned that it seemed to me that the precedent selected by the Ambassador was not a singularly happy one. The Ambassador then went on to revile the press in the United States. He said that the news columns and the editorials in all of the American newspapers were filled with calumny and lies and that no effort was ever made to treat Germany or German policy objectively or even to deal with the issues in an impartial manner. I reminded the Ambassador that we had had many conversations in the past months on the subject of the relations between our two countries and on the subject of the press, both in the United States and in Germany. I reminded him that it was absolutely impossible for the press or the people of the United States to take a dis- passionate point of view with regard to certain occur- rences which had taken place during recent years in -5- Germany. I stated to him that there was instinct in the spirit of every American citizen two great princi- ples upon which the United States had been founded and had grown to its present stature. I said these two principles were the freedom of religious worship and the right of free speech and of a free press. I told the Ambassador that, as I had said to him frequently, so long as there were very great elements in our population who saw the members of their own race or of their own religion in Germany deprived of these rights which were considered fundamental by every American citizen, that prejudice would persist and I was sure that with his knowledge of human nature and with his long acquaintance with this country, he must realize that that was the fact. The Ambassador then remarked, "But the Jews here are only a small proportion of your population. Why should you permit them to dominate the press and to dominate public opinion?" I replied that while the Jewish element in the population of the United States was, as he said, only a small percentage of our total population, nevertheless, the people of the United States felt that that element among them was as much a part of the United States as any other element of the population; that we felt they -6- had contributed greatly to the progress and to the well- being of the nation; and that while I could under no conditions accept the Ambassador's statement that our press or our public opinion was dominated by the Jewish element in our population, nevertheless, in view of the fact that most Americans had Jewish friends whom they regarded highly and whom they admired as fellow citizens, the feelings and the sufferings of this part of our people very naturally necessarily had its effect upon the views and sentiments of the non-Jewish part of our population. I reminded the Ambassador in as much as he was undertaking to dissect the component parts of public opinion in the United States, that the members of other churches, both Catholic and Protestant, felt quite as strongly with regard to the two principles I had men- tioned as the Jewish element in the United States. I reminded the Ambassador that in previous conver- sations I had told him of my own early friendships in Germany and of the great benefits I as an individual had received from those friendships, and of the cultural benefits I had been privileged to obtain from Germany, and that therefore he knew that as an individual I was far from prejudiced and had always endeavored to see both sides to the German contention since the War and POIDR cougt at ITOUS woosbs the objurious way 200 repense / E The OF E -7- had fully appreciated the fact that in their dealings with Germany during the past twenty years injustices had been committed by other powers which I had always hoped would some day be righted through peaceful and reasonable negotiations such as those which Stresemann had endeavored to undertake. I stated, however, that in view of his knowledge of the American people and of the way in which public opinion in the United States re- acted, the Ambassador would realize that the feeling now existing on the part of so large a proportion of our population would be very greatly intensified if new acts of repression and persecution were undertaken by the German authorities against Austrian citizens be- cause of the latter's religious beliefs. The Ambassador concluded our conversation by stat- ing in the most vehement manner that the German Govern- ment as a result of its experience with the American press during the past years from which it had never re- ceived anything except malignant and malicious treat- ment would not be greatly concerned by any intensifica- tion of that feeling on the part of the press in this country. S.W. PSF milles March 17, 1938. From the President Memo for Under Sec. of State And Chief of Naval Operations In re-having American destroyer in Samana Bay on Mar. 18th to 23rd, when German battleship will visit it. SEE--Navy folder-Drawer 1--1938 PSF: Welles DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON March 18, 1938. My dear Mr. President: I received yesterday a letter from Oswaldo Aranha, who, as you know, assumed office as Brazilian Foreign Minister on March 15. I am sending you a translation of the letter in the belief that Aranha's estimate of the present situation in Brazil and his forecast of the future may be of interest to you. Believe me A yours, halls The President, The White House. [TRANSLATION] R1o de Janeiro, March 9, 1938. Friend Sumner Welles: I promised to write you a letter when we departed, already three long months ago. I did not wish, however, to take up your time, which I know to be constantly occu- pied, with vague and uncertain impressions. I have spent this time in studying and observing the life of my country and today I can speak to you as to myself, and with a full acquaintance with the matter. I. I shall not return to Washington, for obvious reasons. I am certain that my great friend will approve of this decision. I confess to you, however, that all my wishes and also those of my family were to return to Washington, where we had an instructive, pleasant and happy stay. My presence, however, became necessary in Brazil. I long for nothing more than to return to live again with the American people and in its country, which gave me only pleasures, honors, friends and very enjoyable memories. II. My place there will be taken by Ambassador Pimentel Brandão, at present Minister of Foreign Affairs. He needs no introduction. His work at the Itamaraty 1s a recommendation. His fidelity to Brazil's traditional policy, his devotion to the ideals which our two countries are -2- are spreading over the Continent in brotherly fashion by the practice of neighborliness and over the world by the love of peace, the confidence which he places in the head of the government, his intelligence and his culture accredit him as the one among us most indicated to repre- sent us in Washington. I feel certain that his mission will be fruitful and happy. III. The political situation of my country can easily be summarized between two friends in 8. few words. The Brazilian people continues to be absolutely the same, maintaining its democratic and liberal life and traditions unchanged. Democracy 18 not a government, a law or a constitution: it 18 a practice. This 1s the reason for which there exist in the world monarchies that are considered democratic and liberal and republics that are true autocracies. The forms of government are sometimes, and most of the time, mere outward show or even temporary necessities, which in no wise change the feeling, the spirit, the tendency and the life of peoples. Brazil was always democratic, whether under the Empire or under the Republic, because her people, since Independence, have not understood and will not be able to understand any other way of living. The present government was necessitated by the cir- cumstances and constituted, under the shock produced by the military- -3- military-Communist coup of 1935 and the subsequent politi- cal anarchy, threatening a civil war of classes and factions, not only the most peaceful solution, but the most popular one. It was the only one capable of maintaining the public order, administrative and political, material and moral, of the country. President Vargas did everything to favor settlement by elections, encountering, unfortunately, immovable obstacles in the aggressive and distrubing stubbornness of the re- gional political factions, their leaders and candidates. The people, as I have been able to verify, chose, in the form of a quasi-plebiscite, the present solution, not only because of the assurance of order which the figure of the President gave them, but also because, beyond doubt, this was the only way to avoid bloody combats and get rid of the extremist tendencies, both toward the left and toward the right, that had become numerous in the country under the shadow of the presidential campaign. The attitude of the people, preferring the middle of the road, was wise and prudent, and the basis for safe- guarding the country against 8 serious social subversion 1s to promote a new stage of constructive and serene continuity, which 18 the work of the present government. The truth 1s, my friend, that under the Vargas admin- istration no other regime except a liberal one 18 possible. All All his life he has been a noble example of tolerance in power. His authority has always been exerted within the broadest discussion of general and even individual interests. He does not do, or allow anything to be done, without open consideration and general debate of the problems that he must or that he wishes to solve. His presidency, formerly and now, was and 1s the exercise of a rule of moderation, prudence and generosity. These were the reasons for the people's choice, understood and supported by the organized classes, civil and military, and which he accepted as one more sacrifice, since power has no personal attractions for him. His clearsightedness, his lack of "personalism" in the exer- cise of government, his impersonality in the treatment of men and of the public interests are, added to his private virtues, the firmest foundations for his prestige among the people. He does not exercise power for himself or his family, nor for a group, and still less for a faction, party or section of the country. The government 18, in his hands, an instrument of the people and of the common weal. Its continuation was, then, a necessity for the whole country. And it should be understood as such by the friends of Brazil. IV. You know well, my good friend, my ideals, my sentiments -5- sentiments and political points of view. Your friendship is one of the best and most comforting acquisitions of my public life. So I am speaking to you with the responsi- bility which this confidential intimacy imposes in our personal relations. I can therefore assure you that the present solution was, it may be said, providential for my country. The people is living democratically, discussing and deciding on its destinies under a government that wishes only the general welfare. The Government has only centralized those powers the dispersion of which was subverting the very bases of national unity and of the democratic and federative institutions of Brazil, without, however, abolishing the popular and local foundations of the traditional liberal organization of the country. The new Constitution has preserved representation, federation, the republican form, the three powers and the temporary character of mandates. There are some exaggera- tions in it which time, the people or the government itself will finally amend or adjust. But, my friend, what people 1s there that, being obliged to recast its basic law in this period, will not stray into exaggera- tions and errors? The present era is one of economic, political, social and even universal ruin. Did not the American Constitution, the -6- the work of brilliant men, maintain slavery, paying tribute to its epoch, and yet being the most advanced and liberal, semi-prophetic, political structure of its time? Did not the "fathers of the country" fail to include the chapter "on individual rights" that is nowadays rightly considered the "heart of the Constitution"? The Brazilian plan, in my opinion, shows certain anachronisms. They will, however, be corrected, as were the American ones, and more peacefully, because the Brazilians are not obstinate, but rather willing to learn and correct. V. So my dear friend and his Government may trust in the new order of things created in Brazil. It will not lag behind in the striving for order, peace and the happiness of peoples and will continue to be the most friendly, the most loyal and the most disinterested of the brothers of the American Union. VI. I shall go to the Itamaraty within a short time, thus fulfilling my duty of collaborating with the govern- ment of my country and doing everything to aid the fruit- ful and patient work of national reorganization begun by my President and my friend. I believe, besides, that in that way I can best serve the union and friendship of our two countries, the bases of continental prosperity and peace. I -7- I have reason, as has President Vargas, for trusting in your most intimate and personal cooperation with me and my country. I know that the attitude of President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull, whose noble plans I know and admire, will be no different, and I hope to be of service in my new position, as I succeeded in doing in Washington. Ambassador Caffery has already given innumerable evi- dences that he will be a guarantor of that work to be completed. VII. I ask you to receive my regards and to present them to your colleagues; I send them in particular to Secretary Cordell Hull, to whom I am going to write. As evidence of the liking of my wife and myself, including Mrs. Welles also, I am, Your friend from the heart, Oswaldo Aranha. PSF: Welles DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON March 21, 1938. My dear Mr. President: I have read Mr. Blum's letter. I see no reason why you should write him again since, as you indicate in your memorandum to me, the letter you have now re- ceived is in response to the letter you wrote him. You may have seen the cable which came in Saturday from our Charge d'Affaires in Paris informing us that Mr. Blum, who had been planning to undertake his trip to the United States as a private citizen, is now won- dering whether this visit should be made if he is still Prime Minister at the time he had arranged to visit this country. Personally, I think he should come, whether as Prime Minister or as a private citizen, for I feel the general effect of the visit would be desirable. If you yourself feel this way, perhaps you will let me know be- fore you leave Washington since I think our Embassy in Paris ought to be advised of your feeling in this regard. Believe me The President, Faithfully A yours, Hells The White House. Blums letter written in french to the Pres is in Jermous People folder drawer / - 1938 PSF: Weller file THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE milles WASHINGTON April 18, 1938. My dear Mr. President: With reference to our telephone conver- sation of this morning, I am enclosing here- with for your consideration a suggestion of what you might wish to say at your press con- ference tomorrow with regard to the British- Italian Agreement. I have spoken on the telephone to the Secretary and he is in accord with the gen- eral lines of this suggestion. Believe me Enclosure. D Faithfully yours, Wills The President, The White House. OF STATE STATE SECRETARY THE WHITE HOUSE APR 181938 WASHINGTON MR. WELLES April 18, 1938 MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF STATE I have just read Halifax's communication to Kennedy--and I suppose the last paragraph needs some answer. will you talk to no about this at your convenience. F. D. R. Enclosure filmer file PSF news THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON April 21, 1938. My dear Mr. President: Thank you for letting me read this let- ter from Mr. Bowers. I have found it extremely interesting. In accordance with your request, I am returning it herewith. Believe me Faithfully R yours, halls Enclosure. The President, The White House. Letter to Pres from Bowers april 11. 1938' See Spain - dramer : 1988 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON April 21, 1938. MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE TO READ AND RETURN F. D. R. Letter from Ambassador Bowers dated April 11, 1938. melles Memo from Sumner Welles to the President April 22, 1938 Attaches memo from Hugh Wilson in re his conversation with Reich minister of propaganda Dr. Goebbels SEE--Germany folder-Drawer 2--1938 PSF file Memo sent from Welles to President in re-Radio Conventions, Habana Conf. 1937 was sent by Pres. to McNinch, April 26, 1938 SEE--McNinch-Gen corres-Drawer 2--1938 THE WHITE HOUSE wills WASHINGTON April 27, 1938. MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE will you speak to me about this before I leave? F. D. R. Letter addressed to Ambassador Bullitt from Farrio in re Larkin, the Foreign Buildings Chief. DECLASSIFIED By Deputy Archivist of the U.S. By W. J. Stewart Date MAR 6 1972 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON COMP IDENTIAL April 29, 1938. MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE THE CHIEF OF OPERATIONS What is your recommendation in regard to the enclosed? F. D. R. plt. wellen State if DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON April 27, 1938 Strictly Confidential Dear Mr. President: Informal negotiations are now taking place in London to determine whether new limits, and if so what limits, shall be placed on the size and armament of capital ships, to take the place of the old limits pro- vided in the London Treaty from which we departed last month through escalation. These negotiations have now reached a stage where further instructions are necessary. I am informed that the Navy Department favors our standing on the position that there should be no new limits set for capital ships, and that even though we do not for the moment desire to build for ourselves ships greater than approximately 45,000 tons, with /NO! V Y'000 THIS St 16 inch guns, we should be free to build for ourselves ships of any size and armament to suit our needs as circumstances demand. Moreover, IN The President, the The White House. FILED MAY 9 1938 "Ild -2- Moreover, we are considering the approval of a con- tract between the Soviet Government and private American shipbuilders for a capital ship of over 62,000 tons and guns of 18 inches. This could only be built in the United States under the terms of the existing Treaty if we decline henceforth either to set any limits whatsoever in the capital ship category, or if we set them at a figure not less than 62,000 tons and 18 inch guns. I venture to submit certain reasons, chiefly of a political character, why I feel it would be against our true interests to adopt either of the alternatives men- tioned above. (1) The present Treaty provides that after escala- tion "the High Contracting Parties shall thereupon con- sult together and endeavor to reach an agreement with a view to reducing to a minimum the extent of the departures which may be made." A strict observance of the Treaty, certainly in spirit if not in letter, would call for the setting of new limits as near to the old limits as would suit our own needs. (2) It would be a mistake for us to approve the construction in the United States for a foreign power of & new type of ship which, if copied by others, might render all existing capital ships obsolete. This would be -3- be surrendering the advantage of our present numerical superiority in capital ships, and would not only start a new race in capital ships from scratch, but would give a greater incentive to build entirely new types of vessels. It is against the interests of the stronger naval powers to encourage the development of new types. (3) Should we permit the construction for the Soviets of a ship of the new type contemplated Japan would probably concentrate against us the resentment she has hitherto directed mainly against the British. (4) As the Soviet authorities inform us that the ship in question would be based on Vladivostok, its construction might even encourage Japan to attack and capture Vladivostok before the completion of the ship, so no to prevent it being based on a port sufficiently near to threaten Japan. (5) It would almost certainly encourage Germany, which is reported to be restive under the Naval Treaty with Great Britain, to invoke the escalator clause in order to counterbalance Soviet construction with new types specially suited to her needs. (6) It would precipitate a new naval race in Europe Just at a moment when the British have the European navel situation pretty well in hand with their recent success in persuading Italy to adhere to the London Naval Treaty as anbesto 20 -4- as part of the general Anglo-Italian agreement. A new naval race might well be followed with renewed political friction, for which we should be in part responsible. All these difficulties could be avoided by our agree- ing to e. limit of 45,000 tons and 16 inch guns, - figures which are higher than desired by the British and French, but which would meet our present construction needs and military plans. If circumstances alter and n. new situa- tion arises that gives us concern, we can always protect ourselves by a second escalation. By permitting American shipbuilders to construct several ships of this size for the Soviet Government, instead of one of 62,000 tons, we would reap many commercial and political advantages, without creating a new type which would be of no dis- cernible advantage to us, and which would in all proba- bility have unfortunate political repercussions both in Europe and in the Far East. I enclose, as of possible interest, an Aide Memoire from the British Embassy which has recently been received. The only new point is found in the last sentence, where the suggestion is made that a naval officer be sent to London for the period of the escalation discussions. The suggestion would seem to have little merit as the decision must be made here in Washington. I -5- I respectfully request an expression of your wishes in regard to the points raised. TA Faithfully yours, halls Enclosure: Aide Memoire. AIDE MEMOIRE with reference to the "escalator" discussions now proceeding in London under Article 25 of the London Naval Treaty of 1936, His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom regard it as most important to reach agreement on new limitations with as little delay as possible. They understand, however, that the United States Government are in some doubt as to whether any new limits should be fixed. Under Article 25 (3) of the 1936 Treaty the interested Powers are bound to endeavour to reach agreement on new limits for sub-category (a) Capital Ships, and it was clearly the intention of the Treaty that there should be new limits if possible. In the opinion of His Majesty's Government it is most important for political and other reasons that some limit should be fixed now, and it seems to them desirable, while avoiding any excessive increase, to fix a limit at such & level that re- escalation is unlikely to be required again in the Capital Ships category during the period of the Treaty. The basis of the 1936 Treaty is a system of qualitative limitation to which the interested Powers were committed by the conclusion of the Treaty with the full knowledge that Japan would not be a signatory. This system, as the United States/ get States Government will be aware, dates from the Washington Conference of 1922, and His Majesty's Government cannot believe that any Treaty Power would depart from it except in circumstances of the most undoubted gravity. His Majesty's Government believe that the exigencies of the present situation can be fully met without abandoning the principle of an upper limit for Capital Ships. The position of His Majesty's Government is complicated by the fact that Germany and Soviet Russia, with whom they have bilateral agreements, will be pressing for information as to the British attitude in view of their own building programmes. The period of uncertainty is bound, His Majesty's Government feel, to give rise to anxiety amonget other powers. with particular regard to the risk that if new limits are fixed the Japanese Government might proceed to build over such limits, His Majesty's Government consider such action unlikely and one that could in any case be met by fresh escalation. On the other hand the absence of limits in regard to building programmes and a policy of secrecy are, in the opinion of His Majesty's Government, even more likely to cause the Japanese Government, in order to avoid any risk, to build to a higher limit than they otherwise would. In actual fact it would no doubt prove difficult for/ for His Majesty's Government, as also perhaps for the United States Government, to maintain complete secrecy regarding the size of their new ships, and in the view of His Majesty's Government there would, therefore, be no permanent advantage in adopting an attitude of secrecy. The Japanese Government, on the other hand, are better placed for this purpose, and it is they who, ao to speak, keep the Treaty Powers guessing. In explaining as above the position of Hie Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom in regard to this issue, it is desired at the same time to stress the great importance which they attach to it. His Majesty's Government are, moreover, fully prepared to discuss figures as soon as the United States representatives in London are ready to do so. They would therefore welcome at the earliest possible moment a full expression of the views of the United States Government which they venture to suggest might best be facilitated by the despatch to London of a fully accredited expert from the United States Navy Department for the period of the "escalator" discussions. If such an officer were sent it would of course be made clear to the public that his mission was for this purpose only. BRITISH EMBASSY, WASHINGTON, D.C. pril 22nd, 1938. PSF: Welles THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON April 29, 1938. MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE THE CHIEF OF OPERATIONS what is your recommendation in regard to the enclosed? F. D. R. THE MAILLE wonse APR 27 1938 Strictly Confidential Dear Mr. President: Informal negotiations are now taking place in London to determine whether new limits, and If so what limits, shall be placed on the size and araanent of capital ships, to take the place of the old limits pro- vided in the London Treaty from which 170 departed last month through occalation. These negotiations have now reached a stage where further instructions are necessary. I an informed that the Navy Department favors our standing on the position that there should be no new limits set for capital ships, and that oven though we do not for the moment desire to build for curselves ships greater than approximately 45,000 tons, with 16 Inch gune, we should be free to build for ourselves ships of any size and amazont to suit our needa as circumstances denand. Moreover, The President, The White House. -2- Moreover, we are considering the approval of a con- tract between the Soviet Government and private American shipbuilders for a capital ship of over 62,000 tons and guns of 18 inches. This could only be built in the United States under the terms of the existing Treaty if we decline henceforth either to set any limits whatsoever in the capital ship category, or if we set them at a figure not less than 62,000 tons and 18 inch guns. I venture to submit certain reasons, chiefly of a political character, why I feel it would be against our true interests to adopt either of the alternatives nen- tioned above. (1) The present Treaty provides that after escala- tion "the High Contracting Parties shall thereupon con- sult together and endeavor to reach an agreement with a view to reducing to a minimum the extent of the departures which may be made." A strict observance of the Treaty, certainly in spirit if not in letter, would call for the setting of new limits as near to the old limits as would suit our own needs. (2) It would be a mistake for us to approve the construction in the United States for a foreign power of a new type of ship which, if copied by others, might render all existing capital ships obsolete. This would be tolvoc and soart off 0.18 end agarted -3- be surrendering the advantage of our present numerical superiority in capital ships, and would not only start a new race in capital ships from scratch, but would give a greater incentive to build entirely new types of vessels. It is against the interests of the stronger naval powers to encourage the development of new types. (3) Should we permit the construction for the Soviete of a ship of the new type contemplated Japan would probably concentrate against use the resentment she has hitherto directed mainly against the British. (4) As the Soviet authorities inform us that the ship in question would be based on Vladivostok, its construction night even oncourage Japan to attack and capture Vladivostok before the completion of the ship, 80 as to prevent it being based on a port sufficiently near to throaten Japan. (5) It would almost certainly encourage Certany, which 1s reported to be restive under the Navel Treaty with Great Britain, to invoke the escalator clause in order to counterbalance Soviet construction with new types specially suited to her needs. (6) It would precipitate a new naval race in Europe Just at a moment when the British have the European navel situation pretty well in hand with their recent SMOOOSS in permading Italy to achere to the London Naval Treaty as \ york you = % 8. -4- as part of the general Anglo-Italian agreement. A new naval race might well be followed with renewed political friction, for which we should be in part responsible. All these difficulties could be avoided by our agree- ing to a limit of 45,000 tons and 16 inch guns, - figures which are higher than desired by the British and French, but which would meet our present construction needs and military plans. If circumstances alter and a new situa- tion arises that gives us concern, we oan always protect ourselves by a second escalation. By permitting American shipbuilders to construct several ships of this size for the Soviet Government, instead of one of 62,000 tons, we would reap many commercial and political advantages, without creating 8. new type which would be of no dis- cernible advantage to us, and which would in all proba- bility have unfortunate political repercussions both in Europe and in the Far East. I enclose, as of possible interest, an Aide Memoire from the British Embassy which has recently been received. The only new point is found in the last sentence, where the suggestion is made that a naval officer be sent to London for the period of the escalation discussions. The suggestion would seem to have little merit as the decision must be made here in Washington. I Isvan 1004 : -5- I respectfully request an expression of your wishes in regard to the points raised. Faithfully yours, ( signed) Summer Welles Enclosure: Aide Memoire. -11.10 KH - on 1 10 Ados and