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Departmental Correspondence
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PSF
War Dept. : Draft
1940
PSF war
Proph
May 24, 1940.
MEMORANDUM FOR
THE SECRETARY OF WAR
THE CHIEF OF STAFF
Please let me have on Monday the
program of requirements in airoraft by
types which will be ordered as soon as
possible as a result of the new legis-
lation. I understand that the Army has
placed orders for all of the 5,500 planes
under last year's expansion program. I
understand that the new legislation
authorizes the purchase of 2,400 ad-
ditional planes.
I understand that such a program
of requirements by types has been
initiated.
It is of the utmost importance that
no contracts be entered into from now on
either for planes or engines or for the
development of new types of planes or
engines without coordinating this with
the general program as a rule.
For the time being, until the final
machinery is set up, this coordination
will be cleared through the Secretary of
the Treasury to me as Commander-in-Chief.
Please see that this is carried
out in toto.
F. D. R.
WAR DEPARTMENT
NAVY DEPARTMENT
DEOLASSIFIED
Library
J.B. No. 325.
(Serial 641).
PSF
10 June, 1940.
DOB DIR. 5200.9 (8/27/58)
(SC)A16/A7-2.
was
Draft
Date. 7-29-70
My dear Mr. President:
Signature- q/d
In the event of war or a national emergency it is essential that pro-
visions be made to disseminate information in furtherance of our war effort,
and to prevent the dissemination of information which would be harmful to
the United States or beneficial to an enemy. Appropriate provision should
be made to maintain the neutrality obligations of the United States in the
event of a war in which this nation is not a belligerent. It is necessary
to inspire & spirit of confidence, loyalty, enthusiasa and service through-
out the nation by means of a frank discussion of the aims and policies of the
Government.
To accomplish these purposes the enclosed Basic Plan for Public Rela-
tions Administration was prepared under direction of The Joint Board. The
plan provides for a Public Relations Administration to serve 6.8 E. central
agency for disseminating at home and abroad the official, educational, and
informative matter pertaining to the prosecution of the war, and to prevent
the dissemination or reception of information which might be of use to
the enemy.
To establish the Public Relations Administration and to exercise the
functions prescribed therefor requires legislative authority and executive
action. During the period when the War and Navy Departments are on the alert
due to the imminence of war or of some national emergency, and pending the
establishment of the Public Relations Administration the plan prescribes that
the Joint Army and Navy Public Relations Committee, as established in August
1937, discharge the mission of the Public Relations Administration if Censor-
ship and control of Publicity are desirable.
On 24 October 1939 the Secretary of War approved this action of The Joint
Board. On 6 November 1939 the Acting Secretary of the Navy addressed The Joint
Board 68 follows: "In approving the Basic Plan for Public Relations Adminis-
tration, draft of 2 September 1939, I do 80 in the interest of having some
plan in existence in a complete shape. Such approval must not be considered
88 approving the specific Plan for adoption in time of war. The President has
B. plan of his own with which the subject Plan is not in entire hareory."
The submit the plan approved by The Joint Board in order that TO may be
advised of the features that are not in harmony with your ideas; to the end
that a complete plan, meeting with your approval, may be prepared.
Sincerely yours,
The President,
The White House.
Charles Card Secretary of War,
Secretary of the Navy.
Enclosure.
TO BE GIVEN TO DOROTHY JONES TO HE
KEPT IN SECRET AND CONFIDENTIAL FILES.
STE/aw
RECEIPT CARD
6344
Registered or delivery No.
Please sign and mail as soon as possible.
Received the accompanying letter(s) as listed:
File Reference
Date
J.B.No.325. Serial 641.
6-10-40.
The President.
(Signature or name of addressee)
(Signature of addressee's agent)
Date of delivery
. 19
(To be filled In by person signing receipt)
GPO 16-0308
NAVY DEPARTMENT
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID
WASHINGTON, D.C.
PAYMENT OF POSTAGE $500
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS
ROOM 2055
NAVY DEPARTMENT
WASHINGTON, D.C.
18-1998
PSF
7mm
Draft
Franklin D. Reosevelt Library
DECLASSIFIED
DOO DIR. 5200.9 (8/27/08)
BASIC PLAN
FOR
Datas 7-29-70
PUBLIC RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION Bigneture- NR
PART I GENERAL organization.
PSF
PART II PUBLICITY AND PROPAGANDA.
war
PART III CENSORSHIP.
ANNEXES, PROPOSED LEGISLATION, PRESIDENTIAL
PROCLAMATIONS, AND E..ECUTIVE ORDERS.
DRAFT OF
2 September, 1939
Cover Page
THE PUBLIC RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION.
PART I
General Organization.
Contents.
Chapter
I
Introduction.
"
II
Mission and Functions.
"
III
Organization.
is
IV
Mobilization.
il
V
Transition Period.
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION
1101. (a) In the event of war or a national emergency it is essential that
provisions be made to disseminate information in furtherance of our war
effort, and to prevent the dissemination of information which would be
harmful to the United States or beneficial to an enemy.
(b) Appropriate provisions should be made to maintain the neutrality
obligations of the United States in the event of a war in which this na-
tion is not a belligerent.
1102.
It is necessary to inspire a spirit of confidence, loyalty, en-
thusiasm and service throughout the Nation, by means of di frank discus-
sion of the aims and policies of the Government.
1103.
To accomplish those purposes there will be established a Public
Relations Administration to serve as a central agency for disseminating
at home and abroad the official, educational, and informative matter per-
taining to the prosecution of the war, and to prevent the dissemination or
receiption of information which might be of use to the enemy; or which
would violate the neutrality of the United States.
1104.
To establish the Public Relations Administration and to exer-
cise the functions outlined horein requires logislative authority and
executive action. Drafts of Legislation, Proclamations and Executive Ord-
ers, contained in annexes hereto, should be incorporated in the Legis-
lative Plan of both the Army and Navy.
CHAPTER II - MISSION AND FUNCTIONS
1201.
MISSION -
The Mission of the Public Relations Administration is to
advise and assist the President in all matters relating to public in-
formation. This entails the coordination and direction of the national
-1-
SECRET
publicity mediums so as to insure that the purposes, aims, and pro-
gress of the Government in prosecution of the war are properly and
adequately presented to the people and that the aid of public opinion
is enlisted to the fullest possible extent in behalf thereof. It in-
volves also such censorship as will insure that no information will be
divulged that may be of benefit to an enemy, or that would violate
neutrality obligations of the United States.
1202
FUNCTIONS -
The functions to be performed are as follows:
(a) To mobilize on a voluntary cooperative basis all
existing mediums of publicity so that they may be employed to the best
possible advantage.
(b) To coordinate the publicity programs of the various
Government agencies so that each may be prosecuted to the best interests
of the common effort, without undue loss of time or duplication of effort
and in conformity with the nature and magnitude of their respective
activities and their relative importance to the prosecution of the war.
(c) To act as a bureau of information to which the public
and the world may look for proper and reliable information concerning
the aims and activities of the Government.
(d) To evaluate and analyze the effect of the effort of
the Public Relations Administration as well as that of the enemy in the
matter of influencing public opinion.
(e) To operate such censorship of publications and
communications as may be prescribed.
CHAPTER III - ORGANIZATION.
1301. Headquarters of the Public Relations Administration will be
established at Washington, D.C. The organization will be as shown on
Chart "A" (This organization is according to the recommendation of the
Joint Board in their J. B. 325 (Serial 603) of 11 August 1937, and
approved by Secretary of War, 18 August 1937, and by Secretary of Navy,
23 August 1937.)
1302. Administrator. The powers and responsibilities of the Public
Relations Administration will be vested in the Administrator to be
appointed by the President and to whom he will be directly responsible.
The Administrator will be a member of the Advisory Council of the
Administrator of War Resources. He will be assisted by a Deputy
Administrator.
-2-
SECRET
1303.
Public Relations Council will be composed of the Deputy
Administrator of Public Relations, the Director of Publicity, the
Director of Censorship, and El member of the Joint Army and Navy Public
Relations Committee, (see article 1501). The purpose of the Council
will be to advise and assist the Administrator of Public Relations in
the formulation and execution of policies and plans necessary to carry
out his mission and to meet the needs of the agencies represented on
the Coordinating and Liaison Committee. One of its members will pre-
side over the meetings of the Coordinating and Liaison Committee.
1304.
The Coordinating and Liaison Committee will be composed of
representatives of Executive Departments, Emergency Administrations,
Federal Corporations, Commissions, Boards and other independent govern-
mental agencies, each of which should designate one permanent represen-
tative. The purpose of the Coordinating and Liaison Committee will be
to provide & means for making known the publicity and censorship needs
of each of the various agencies represented, and to insure coordinated
effort in accordance with the policies of the Public Relations Administra-
tion.
1305.
The Director of Publicity. It is desirable that the Director
of Publicity be chosen from among suitable outstanding men in the pub-
licity field in civil life. He will have an Advisory Committee con-
sisting of leaders in the various fields of publicity corresponding to
the subdivisions of his office. His office organization will include
five principal divisions: News, Radio, Advertising, Pictures and Civic
Cooperation, some of which will have overlapping interests as shown on
the chart. His office personnel will include capable journalists, ad-
vertising councilors, writers, radio commentators, motion picture ex-
perts and others whose practical experience and influence in their
respective fields, joined to that of the Advisory Committee, will give
access to and secure the necessary cooperation of the important mediums
of publicity.
1306.
The Director of Censorship should be an Army or Navy officer.
There will be a Censorship Advisory Committee consisting of his Executive
Assistants (one Army Officer and one Navy Officer) and a permanently
assigned representative each of the Post Office Department, the Depart-
ment of Justice, and the Federal Communications Commission. (See Part III
Censorship Plan - Article 3224).
1307.
The lower echelons constituting the operating divisions
proper of the administration will be headed by officers specially
qualified or specifically trained for the particular duties they will
perform. The heads of the various sections will be called upon for
detailed plans prior to an emergency so that their operating sections
can be instituted promptly and function smoothly on immediate notice.
-3-
SECRET
CHAPTER IV - MOBILIZATION
1401.
The Public Relations Administration will be organized at the
earliest possible moment.
1402.
The Public Relations Administrator need not disturb the
public relations organization or the personnel of the information
collecting staffs within the various Executive Departments and independent
agencies of the Government, each of which is responsible for the prepara-
tion and initiation of such publicity matter as is considered necessary
to the successful accomplishment of its respective wartime mission.
1403.
The Administration will make available to the agencies con-
cerned, through their respective representatives on the Coordinating and
Liaison Committee, an early statement of the general policies on publi-
city in order to prevent conflicts and inconsistencies.
CHAPTER V - TRANSITION PERIOD (See Chart B)
1501.
Pending the establishment of the Public Relations Administra-
tion and during the period when the War and Navy Departments are on the
alert due to the imminence of war or of some national emergency, the
Joint Army and Navy Public Relations Committee, now established in accor-
dance with the recommendations of the Joint Board in their letter J.B. 325
Serial 603. of 11 August 1937, as approved by the
Secretary of War on 18 August 1937, and by
the Secretary of the Navy on 23 August 1937, organized in accordance with
the chart marked Chart "B" following, will be the supervising and direct-
ing agency. This Committee can, through trained key personnel, direct
and coordinate publicity mediums and censorship until the Public Relations
Administration is set-up and begins to function.
1502.
Under policies established by the War and Navy Departments the
general functions of the Joint Army and Navy Public Relations Committee
are as follows:
(a) In time of peace to plan the framework of an organi-
zation which can be put on & working basis at any required time.
(b) Through conferences and correspondence in time of
peace to establish along cooperative lines the necessary understandings
with the several publicity mediums and communication systems which would
permit the proper use of these agencies upon demand.
(c) To perfect subsidiary directives covering the detail-
ed operations necessary to the execution of the Public Relations plan
contained herein.
(d) (1) In time of National Emergency, to carry out the
Mission of the Public Relations Administration until the designated
Administrator takes office.
-4-
1502. (d) (Continued)
(2) To determine and establish prioritics and
volume of publicity.
(3) To executo the consorship policies prescribed.
1503.
The Senior Member will be responsible to the Secretaries of
the har and Navy Departments in time of emergency for the proper adain-
istration of the committee work.
1504.
The committee will be componed of officers of the regular
establishments who are ropresentative of the agencies of the Aray and
Navy most concerned in publicity and consorship at the outbreak of an
emergency.
-5-
SECRET
THE PUBLIC RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION
PART II
Publicity
Contents.
Chapter
I
Introduction.
If
II
Authority.
If
III
Organization and Operations.
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION
2101. (a) This general outline is predicated upon:-
(1) The necessity for maintaining national morale, and
(2) Denying information to the enemy.
(b) To accomplish these ends every effort should be made:-
(1) To maintain the national morale by the adequate presentation
of the aims, views and progress of the nation in the prosecution of the
war by public presentation of facts compatible with the successful oper-
ations of the Army and Navy.
(2) To prevent the dissemination of information that would be
beneficial to the enemy.
2102. (a) This plan is based on a voluntary, self-imposed censorship of
press and radio, with provision that disputes shall be referred to the Ad-
visory Committee, until legislation is enacted giving legal authority for
a positive censorship. When publicity deals with information which might
be of use to an enemy the publication or dissemination of such information
should be controlled rigidly by the censorship organization. (See Part III
of this plan).
(b) This plan is elastic in that provision is made for the Army and
Navy Public Relations officers to carry on service and other publicity
pending the setting up of the Public Relations Administration. It is Amer-
ican in principle in that no hard and fast censorship rules or arbitrary
principles are set forth therein. Its success rests with the cooperation
of all civilian publicity agencies.
2103.
The public endorsement of the Public Relations Plan can be at-
tained when required by timely and careful supervision of the following
steps:
-6-
SECRET
(a) Approach, with brief outline of the plan, the heads of
Press Associations, major broadcasting companies, and the office of
Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America for comment and
recommendation.
(b) The Secretaries of War and Navy request that the President
make general comment on plan at White House Press Conference.
(c) The Public Relations officers of Army and Navy be prepared
to discuss general details after the President has released information.
(d) The Public Relations offices of Army and Navy should make
every effort to "sell" a few feature stories on it - playing up its im-
portance, its fairness, its tremendous effect in aiding the public to see
the issues of the conflict and news on the national effort as it unrolls.
(e) Send copies in outline of general policy to Corps area
commanders, Naval District Commandants, and Recruiting Officers in the
hope of getting local editorial comment.
(f) It may be advisable to enlist editorial support for the
fact that this plan is in marked contrast to those of the totalitarian
States, in that no censorship will be exercised unless absolutely neces-
sary. Propaganda in its most sinister meaning will not be invoked.
Facts will be given whenever possible with the object of keeping the
people informed of the prosecution of the war and the participation of civil
populace, as well as military and naval.
CHAPTER II - AUTHORITY
2201.
The effectiveness of the Publicity Division will flow from the
authority of the Public Relations Administrator in the legislation pro-
viding for his Administration, in Presidential Proclamations and Executive
Orders, and from the voluntary cooperation of the publicity mediums.
CHAPTER III - ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS
2301.
The Director of Publicity will be the head of the Publicity
Division, and responsible to the Administrator of Public Relations. He
will be a member of the Public Relations Council and of the Coordinating
and Liaison Committee under the Public Relations Administration, (see
Chart "A"). He will be assisted in his work by two committees.
-7-
OECRET
2302.
The Publicity Advisory Committee will be organized as follows:-
Director of Publicity
Executive assistants
1 Member each Press Association
1 "
"
Major Radio Broadcasting Company
1
"
representing independent Radio Broadcasting Companies
1 If
11
Motion Picture industry
1 "
"
Newsreel industry
1 If
If
Still Picture industry
1
If
"
Advertising agencies
2303.
The Publicity Planning Committee will be organized as follows:-
Public Relations Officer, Army
Public Relations Officer, Navy
Officers from both Army and Navy, as follows:-
Officer - News
"
Motion Pictures
"
Still Pictures
"
Advertising
"
Radio
"
Civic cooperation
2304.
The Public Relations Officers of Army and Navy shall be charged
under the Director of Publicity with the following sections of publicity:-
News - Newspapers, Government bulletins, and periodicals.
Pictures - News reels, posters, cartoons, photographs, tele-
vision, and scenarios.
Advertising - Newspapers, periodicals, billboards, and
posters; circulars and general (skywriting, etc.)
Civic Co-operation - Speeches, men, Women, and Children
organizations.
Radio - Speakers, script, short wave broadcasts.
Analysis of Propaganda - - At home and abroad.
2305.
CHAIN OF COMMAND -
It is to be presumed that the Public Relations Administrator
will receive general instructions from the President to whom he is res-
ponsible. The Administrator, by virtue of his office and with the advice
and counsel of the Public Relations Council, shall give the directive for
the slant of all publicity and shall formulate general policy.
-8-
SECRET
2306.
A. The Publicity Division shall maintain active liaison with
the War, Navy Departments, and all emergency agencies created by the
President for the prosecution of the war.
B. The Director of Publicity, advising with his Planning
Committee and Advisory Committee respectively, shall formulate suffi-
cient details to permit the respective Public Relations officers of
Government activities to give in turn orders and policies to the "front
men" of their Publicity Branches, charged with the practical operations
of their respective sections.
2307.
CENSORSHIP OF PUBLICITY.
(a) The responsibility for the Censorship of publicity
(press, newsflashes (teletype), broadcasting, motion pictures) will be
primarily with the Director of Censorship and not in the hands of the
Director of Publicity. (See Article 3128)
(b) To exercise this primary control, and at the same
time obtain the maximum cooperation and benefit from the publicity media,
& very close liaison must be maintained between the censorship section
having cognizance and the agencies of the Director of Publicity.
-9-
CEGRET
THE PUBLIC RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION
PART III
Consorship
Contents
Chapter I
Introduction (Mission,
Authority, Scope)
Chapter II
Organization
Chapter III
Main Consorship Stations
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION
Section I - Hission.
Defini-
3111.
Censorship is the control of communications Lnd publi-
tion
cations permitted to be sent or received, through official inspec-
tion and evaluation. It 0005 not extend GO Law physical control
of agencies as apparatus transmitting communications, but does
include such supervision 65 is necessary to insure that oil com-
munications subject to demorahip phas through consoralip stations.
Mission
3112.
The Mission Consorship is to assist in one military
and economic blockade OL the onemy, of chich it is in essential
element.
Tasks
3113.
(c) Its primary task is to provent transmission of infor-
Negative
nation of military or economic Valle to bite enemy.
Intelli-
gonce
Positive
(b) Its secondary task in to assist All Government agencies
Intelli-
in their operations by furnishing the information uncial in the
gence
National effort.
(c) Both tasks will assist in the counter-espion.go
operations of all agencies.
Section II - Authority, Scope and Coordination.
Author-
3121.
To establish Consorship TO uires legislative authority
ity
and Executive action. Propotal logislation, Presidential Proclama-
tions, and Executive Orders are givou in an Annox.
-10-
SECRET
National
3122.
This plan outlines the organization required for Censor-
Censor-
ship, except military censorship, of all traffic other than of-
ship
ficial Government communications. It will hereafter be called
"National Censorship."
Military
3123.
Military Censorship, operated within the respective ser-
Censor -
vices by personnel thereof as & Military responsibility, will be
ship
imposed upon all traffic transmitted via any means under military
control, except official Government communications, and upon all
personal traffic in the Military services transmitted by any
means of communication.
Govern-
3124.
(a) The censorship of official Government traffic is the
ment
responsibility of the Department, Independent office or Establish-
Traffic
ment initiating such official Communications.
(b) However, censorship will watch such traffic. It
will suppress traffic that is obviously dangerous from the stand-
point of National Defense, and will inform the head of the Govern-
ment agency concerned of such suppressions and any indiscretions
or violations of censorship rules and regulations observed.
Censor-
3125.
As a policy National Censorship will be established only over com-
ship
munications leaving and entering the zone of the interior unless
Limita-
censorship of internal domestic communications is required.
tions.
Publish-
3126.
National Censorship regulations will be publicized so
ing
that the public will know that restrictions are placed upon their
Regula-
communications.
tions
Coordi-
3127.
(a) (1) Regardless of Military Censorship, traffic in
nation
the channels of National Censorship will be subject to its con-
trol.
(2) National Censorship will provide for protection
of Military information as included in the regulations issued
for Military Censorship.
(b) The restrictions placed on communications (National
Censorship) should be closely coordinated with the restrictions
placed on the movements of individuals and commodities across
closed borders.
-11-
SECRET
Press,
3128.
(a) Censorship has the primary responsibility for the
Publica-
censoring of publicity (press, newsflashes (teletype, broadcasting
tions and
and motion pictures). (See article 2307)
Broadcasts.
(b) (1) Until authorized by law, the censorship of
publicity média must necessarily be through their voluntary
cooperation.
(2) When authorized by law the censorship will be
by prior review and direct supervision of the matter to be
published, broadcast or shown.
(3) A second censoring will be exercised when any
of the forms of publicity media pass through the channels of
censorship of mails, cables, telegraphs, etc.
CHAPTER II - ORGANIZATION
Soction I - General
Outline
3211.
(a) The organization for Censorship will consist of a
Headquarters, Main Censorship Stations at certain points in the
continental United States and in United States territories over-
seas, and Sub-Stations and Field Censorship Stations at points
to insure that all communications subject to censorship pass
through the channels thereof. (See Chart "C").
(b) Definite locations and requirements of Sub-Stations
and Field Censorship Stations can be determined only when detail-
ed local plans are prepared. Such plans will depend on the
special situation at the time Censorship is established. Some of
the essential factors which must be known before the location,
detailed organization, and personnel requirements of Main Censor-
ship Stations, Sub-Stations, and Field Stations can be determined
are (1) status of foreign countries (enemy, neutral or allied),
(2) status of our land and sea borders, (whether entirely closed,
or to whom and under what conditions open), and (3) degree
censorship established.
Busis
3212.
This plan contemplates maximum censorship, exercised by
this country without allios, in a war of maximum effort,
Decen-
3213,
The plan provides a maximum of contralized control and
trali-
decentralized operation. Policies, regulations and instructions
zation
will issue from Censorship Hoadquarters, and in so far as practi-
cable, all action on communications will be completed as Consor-
ship Stations.
- 12 -
SPORET
CHAPTER II
Section II - National Censorship HoadQuarters.
Articu-
3221.
Headi,uarters, to be estabrished at Washington, will con-
lation
sist of the Director of Consorship, his Executive Assistants, the
Consorship Advisory Committee, and an office organized into four
sections:
(1) administration Section.
(2) Resulations, Logal and Complaints Section.
(3) Information enc. Licensing Section.
(4) Consorship Suction.
The Dir-
3221.
The Director, appointed by the President, will be respon-
ector of sible for National Censorship, under the Administrator of Public
Consor-
Rolations. He will be a number of was Public Relations Council.
ship.
He will mintern continuing personal contacts .ith (11 Govern-
ment Departments, and activities GROUGH 6.10 Public Relations
Coordinating And Livison Committee, of shich he will be & member,
and further contacts in the execution of policies and actuils of
coordination through contacts in are organization under him.
(Noto. Commissions name: :....... in accordance .ith recom-
mendations .2.00 to tue Joint Board under date of
22 April, 1937, approval of which by the Joint Board
and by the Secretarios of our and Navy was announced
in. ONO letter Op-12A(1)-CTB. (50)A16/JJ of 20 Suptember
1937).
Executive 3223.
(a) The Executive Asstatants vill be one Any officer
Assist- and one Revy officer. They will be tite representatives of their
ents. respective Departmento for matters of policy, for procurement und
administration of personnel, one for direct liaicon with the Military
and Naval Intelligonce services DO insure coordination of National
and Allitary censorship with the espionage and counter-cejionago
work of the services. They vill be exembers of 6016 Consorship
Advisory Committee.
Energency
(b) Until Visa Director takes office, Shay will operate
Adminis- National Consorship by their joint action end cooperation. (llote
tration
this is in accordance with the principio recomended by the Special
Joint Army and Navy Public Relations Conditton On 2. April 1937 in
pursgraph 6b (1) of wasir unclosure 1, approved by Joint Board in
their J.B. 325 (Sorial 603) of 11 August 1937, approved by tuo
Secretary 01 war 18 August 1937 and by the Secretary of Nevy,
23 August 1937).
-13-
EGRET
Censor-
3224.
The Censorship Advisory Committee will consist of the
ship Ad-
Director of Censorship, the Executive Assistants, and one per-
visory
manently assigned representative each of the Department of Justice,
Commit-
the Post Office Department and the Federal Communications Com-
tee.
mission. The function of this Committee is to assist and advise
the Director of Censorship as he may desire, and to maintain
liaison between National Censorship and the Justice and Post
Office Departments and the communications operating companies.
Adminis-
3225.
This Section will care for all matters of office
tration
management, personnel, and supply and finance.
Section.
Regula-
3226.
This Section will:-
tions,
Legal and
(a) (1) Publish National Censorship rules, regulations,
Com-
policicies, and instructions.
plaints
Section
(2) Study foreign censorship regulations and instructions,
coordinating own regulations with them as desirable.
(3) Coordinate regulations of National Censorship and
of Military Censorship as necessary.
(b) Study and advise the Director and the field on legal
matters; prepare data and briefs for presentation to Department
of Justice for apprehension and prosecution of violators of
Cansorship law.
(c) Consider and recommend action upon complaints.
Informa- 3227.
This Section will:
tion and
Licensing
(u) Collect, investigate, record, classify, edit, print
Section.
and distribute to the censorship organization (including Military
Censorship) all information possible to aid censors in passing
upon communications.
(b) Issue (or revoke) continuing licenses for legiti-
mate Special Privileges.
(c) Distribute to proper Government agencies all infor-
mation of value to them obtained by Censorship.
Censor-
3228.
This Section will:-
ship
Section.
(a) (1) Determine the action to be taken on communi-
cations "Referred" to it by Main Censorchip Stations,
-14-
TENORO
3228 (Cont'd)
(2) To inspect the work in the Censorship Sections of Stations
in the field to insure uniformity of action by all stations in accordance
with instructions.
Note. This Section will NOT be broken down into
subsections unless experience dictates the
necessity; for the reason that all the censors
in this section should become exports in all
lines of censoring, and must not become "specialists."
(b) Operating under this section there will be the Washington
Field office. When such censorship is authorized by law, this section
will be organized and will censor local publicity releases, publications
and communications.
CHAPTER III - MAIN CENSORSHIP STATIONS.
Section I - Locations and Jurisdictions.
Responsi- 3311.
Main Censorship Stations will be responsible for the
bility
censorship of all communications entering or leaving the fields
of their jurisdiction. They will report to Censorship Head-
quarters.
Substa-
3312.
To expedite the transmission of communications of no
tions
interest to censorship, certain Substations under Main Censor-
ship Stations will be established. Their orgunization will be
similar to but smaller than that of main Censorship Stations.
Field
3313.
To insure that no communications subject to censorship
Stations
are transmitted or delivered until they have been censored, Main
Censorship Stations will estoblish Field Censorship Stations in
the offices of operating companies, and at points where mail
actually enters or leaves the United States or its possessions.
Loca-
3314.
In the continental United States, Main Censorship Sta-
tions
tions will be established at New York, San rancisco, and San
Antonio with jurisdiction as follows:
(a) New York:- Tumpa, Florida to Portal, North Dakota,
both inclusive. Substations at Key West, Miami, Boston, Buffulo,
Detroit, Chicago and St. Paul, and others as found necessary.
(b) San Froncisco:- Portal, North Dakota exclusive, to Yuma,
Arizona, inclusive. Substations at Soattle, Los Angeles and
Sun Diego, California.
-15-
ORGRET
3314 (Cont'd)
(c) San Antonio:- Yuma, Arizona to Tampa, Florida, both
exclusive.Substations Nogalos, El Paso, Brownsville, Galveston
and Nov: Orleans, und others as found necessary.
Overseas
3315.
Main Censorship Stations will also be established in
Stations Hawaii, the Canal Zone, Porto Rico, Puantanamo, the Virgin
Islands, the Philippine Islands, and Alanka.
Section II - Orgenization of Main Stutions.
General
3321.
Main Censorship Ptations will be organized with &
Hoadquarters and rive Censoring Divisions as follows:-
(1) Postal Division
(2) Telegraph Division
(3) Telephone Division
(4) Cable and Radio Division (Includes International
Brondcasting)
(5) Publications Division (Includes local U.S.
Broadcasting)
Head-
3322. (a) All functions common to the consorship activities of
quarters the several Divisions (Postal, Tolegraph, Telephone, Cable and
Radio, and Publications) will be centralized in Hoadquarters of
the Main Consorship Station. Houdquarters will coordinate the
other activities of the Censoring Divisions, in order to obtain
uniformity of action.
(b) Hoadquarters vill be operated by an Army officer in
charge of the Postal, Telegraph, Telephone, and Publications
Divisions; and a Navy officer in charge or the Cable and Radio
Division. The senior of these two officers will be "The Censor
at
" (New York, San Francisco, etc.)
(c) The Headquarters will be organized into four Sections,
as follows:
-16-
SECRET
3322 cont.
(1) Office Management Section.
(2) Investigation Section.
(3) Classification and Licensing Section.
(4) Regulations, Inspection, Legal and
Complaints Section.
Postal
3323.
This Division, operated by Army personnel assisted by
Division. civilian personnel as required, will censor all communications sub-
ject to censorship, transmitted via mails and express, or carried
on the persons of individuals.
Telegraph 3324.
This Division, operated by Army personnel assisted by
Division civilian personnel as required, will censor all communications
subject to censorship, transmitted by telegraph and by such radio-
telegraph as is subject to Army control (see "Joint Action of the
Army and the Navy", Chap. IX, Sec. V, par.6(b) (1)).
Telephone 3325.
This Division, operated by Army personnel assisted by
Division civilian personnel as required, will censor all communications sub-
ject to censorship, transmitted by telephone end by such radio-
telephone LS is subject to Army control (see "Joint Action of the
Army and the Navy")
Cable and 3326.
This Division, operated by Navy personnel assisted by
Radio Di- civilian personnel as re uired, will censor all communication sub-
vision
ject to censorship, transmitted by cable or radio (except such
communications as are assigned to the control 01 the Army by "Joint
Action of the Army and the Navy"), including international radio
broadcasts and radio telephone.
Publica-
3327.
This Division, operated by Arey personnel, assisted by
tions
civilian personnel as required, will censor all publications, movic
Division. picture film, and radio broadcasting within the United States.
Opera-
3328.
Operational Guides will be furnished Censorship Stations
tional
to cover details of organization and operations.
Guides.
-17-
GEORBT
PUBLIC RELATION ADMINISTRATION
Basic Plan
Annex A
Organization Diagrams.
Contents
Chart A - Public Relations Administration.
Chart B - - Joint Army & Navy Public Relations Committee.
Chart C - - National Censorship.
Franklin D. Reosevelt Library
DECLASSIFIED
DOD DIR. 5200.9 (9/27/58)
Date- 7-29-70
Signature- no -
Annex A. - Cover Page,
CHART "A"
PUBLIC RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION
THE PRESIDENT
ADMINISTRATIONS
ADMINISTRATOR
DEPARTMENTS
OF
One Representative each
PUBLIC RELATIONS
One Representative each
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
PUBLIC RELATIONS
COUNCIL
INDEPENDENT BOARDS AND
FEDERAL CORPORATIONS
COMMISSIONS
One Representative each
COORDINATING AND
LIAISON COMMITTEE
One Representative each
DIRECTOR OF PUBLICITY
ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR OF CENSORSHIP
PUBLICITY
PLANNING
PERSONNEL
FISCAL
LEGAL
MAIL
AND
RECORDS
COMMITTEE
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE
PUBLICITY
CENSORSHIP DIVISIONS
RADIO
PICTURES
ARMY AND NAVY
CIVIC
NEWS
ADVERTISING
COOPERATION
NEWSPAPERS
PERIODICALS
RADIO SPEAKERS
SCRIPT
PRESS
CIRCULARS
BILLBOARDS
AND
POSTERS
FILMS
SCENARIOS
CARTOONS
EXHIBITS
PATRIOTIC
AND RELIGIOUS
WELFARE
ORGANIZATIONS
SPEAKERS
PUBLICATIONS
MAIL
TELEGRAPH
TELEPHONE
RADIO BROADCAST
RADIO POINT TO POINT
CABLE
SEPT. 10, 1959.
PSFWar
Secret
CHART "B"
WAR DEPT.
NAVY DEPT.
CHIEF OF STAFF
CHIEF OF
NAVAL OPERATIONS
JOINT ARMY AND NAVY
PUBLICITY PLANNING COMMITTEE
PUBLIC RELATIONS COMMITTEE
CENSORSHIP PLANNING COMMITTEE
PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER ARMY
CENSORSHIP OFFICER - NAVY.
PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER NAVY
CENSORSHIP OFFICER - ARMY.
OFFICER RESERVE - POST OFFICE
OFFICER RES.
NEWS
COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN SENIOR ARMY OR NAVY OFFICER.
OFFICER RESERVE - CARLE.
OFFICER RES.
MOTION PICTURES
PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER - ARMY.
OFFICER RESERVE - TELEGRAPH.
OFFICER RES.
STILL PICTURES*
PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER - NAVY.
OFFICER RESERVE TELEPHONE.
OFFICER RES.
ADVERTISING
CENSORSHIP OFFICER - ARMY.
OFFICER RESERVE RADIO (POINT TO POINT).
OFFICER RES.
RADIO (BROADCASTING)
CENSORSHIP OFFICER NAVY.
OFFICER RESERVE - RADIO (BROADCASTING).
OFFICER RES.
CIVIC COOPERATION
REPRESENTATIVES, A. & N. MINITIONS BOARD, 1-ARMY, 1-NAVY
OFFICER RESERVE - PUBLICATIONS.
REPRESENTATIVE, SELECTIVE SERVICE COMMITTEE.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION.
EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
PUBLICITY POLICY
(EMERCENCY ONLY)
GENERAL
ARMY NAVY SELECTIVE SERVICE.
INDUSTRIAL NEEDS.
MATERIAL NEEDS..
Scoret
PUBLICITY
ADMINISTRATION (EMERO.) ONLY
CENSORSHIP
NEWS
PICTURES
ADVERTISING
CIVIC COOPERATION
RADIO
SEMVISION
PERIODICALS
NEWS REELS
POSTERS
CARTOONS
PHOTOS
SCENARIOS
PERIODICALS
BILLBOARDS AND
POSTERS
CIRCULARS
SPEECHES
TOUTH ORGANIZAT'NS
MEN'S ORGANIZAT'NS
WOMEN'S ORGANIZATS
SPEAKERS
OVERSEAS BROADCASTS
PERSONNEL
FISCAL
MAIL
RECORDS
SCRIPTS
PUBLICATIONS
MAIL
TELEGRAPH
TELEPHONE
CABLE
RADIO
com 10 10%
NATIONAL CENSORSHIP
To - "RAI PM NATIONAL - IF -
Total - est by New Relations - All L -
to Replember 1998.
CHART C
have Person 138.
... PRESIDENT
ADMINISTRATOR IF - RELATION
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Secret
Sept. 42 1939
AWNEX B
SECRET
ITEM I
draft OF PROPOSED LAW
REGARDING CONTROL OF collunications Ill TIME
OF "AR AND NEUTRALITY
Section 1. (a) Upon proclamation by the President that there
exists war or a threat of war or a state of public peril or disaster
or other national emergency, or in order to preserve the neutrality of
the United States in accordance with the proclamation or proclamations
of neutrality issued by the President, the President may authorize such
inspection, supervision, and use or control, or closing, of any means
of communication, within the jurisdiction of the United States, and such
supervision and control of the communications presented for transmittal
or received thereby for delivery or unauthorized use, as he finds neces-
sary for the national defense and security, or to preserve the neutrality
of the United States, by any department or independent establishment of
the Government under such regulations as he may prescribe.
(b) The President shall ascertain the just compensation
for damages resulting from action taken under this section and certify
the amount ascertained to Congress for appropriation and payment to the
person entitled thereto. If the amount so certified is unsatisfactory
to the person entitled thereto, such person shall be paid only 75 per
centum of the amount and shall be entitled to sue the United States to
recover such further sum as added to such payment of 75 per centum will
make such amount a S will be just compensation for such damages. Such
suit shall be brought in the manner provided by paragraph 20 of section
24, or by section 145, of the Judicial Code, as amended.
Section 2. During a war in which the United States is a neutral
nation, it shall be unlawful for any means of communication within the
jurisdiction of the United States to be utilized for the purpose of
transmitting, or receiving for delivery or unauthorized use, any un-
neutral communication, or for rendering any unneutral service to a
belligerent. The President shall prescribe in his proclamation or
proclamations of neutrality what constitutes unneutral communications
and unneutral service to a belligerent.
Section 3. The President may, from time to time, promulgate such
rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, as he finds necessary
to preserve the neutrality of the United States under the treaties of
the United States and the law of nations; and he may enforce the pro-
visions of such rules and regulations through such officer or officers,
or agency or agencies, as he shall direct.
ANNEX B ITEM I
SECRET
-2-
DE cl CI E-1 E-1
Section 4. Thoever shall violate the provisions of this act
or of any rule, regulation, or proclamation issued pursuant thereto
shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $50,000 or
imprisoned for not more than five years, or both. Should the
violation be by a corporation, organization, or association, each
officer or agent thereof participating in the violation may be
liable to the penalty herein prescribed.
B ITEM I
SECRET
-3-
ANTEX B
ITEM II
SECRET
NOTE: (a) This proclamation to be issued when it is considered
advisable to initiate physical control of the means of
communication and censorship of communications.
(b) If additional laws are passed in regard to the control of
communications, these laws should be cited in the proclama-
tion. (See notes preceding text of executive order per-
taining to communications and the draft of the proposed law,
draft of July 13, 1939.)
0
prescribing REGULATIONS CONCERNING
THE NEUTRALITY OF THE UNITED states IN
CONNECTION ITH COLL UNICATIONS
0
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLALATION
WHEREAS, a proclamation having been issued by me on the
day of
instant declaring the neutrality of the United
States of America in the var not: existing between
and
;
AND thereas, it is necessary to take further steps to insure the
neutrality of the United States of America in connection with all means
of communication within or subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States;
NOT, THEREFORE, I,
,
President of the United
States of America, do hereby enjoin all citizens of the United States,
and all persons being or residing within the territory or jurisdiction
of the United States, to commit no unneutral act in connection with the
erection or operation of any means of communication within or subject to
the jurisdiction of the United States contrary to the statutes or treaties
of the United States or in violation of the law of nations, and to ad-
here strictly to the following provisions in that behalf:
1. Radio stations shall not be erected or operated on territory
within or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States by any alien
or the representative of any alien, or by any foreign government or the
Annex B ITEM II
SHORET
SECRET
representative thereof, or by any corporation controlled wholly or
in part by aliens as specified in Section 310 of the Communications
Act of 1934, approved June 19, 1934. (48 Stat. 1086; 47 U.S.C. 310).
The word "representative" includes, but is not limited to, an agent,
employee, or other person acting in any way for or on behalf of an
alien or a foreign government.
2. All vessels and aircraft of belligerent nationality shall
refrain from all use of their radio and signal apparatus while in
territory, waters, or air spaces within or subject to the jurisdic-
tion of the United States, except as provided in paragraph 5 below.
The radio of belligerent merchant vessels and belligerent civil air-
craft may be sealed by the authorities of the United States, and such
seal shall not be broken within the jurisdiction of the United States
except by proper authority of the United States.
3. The utilization of any means of communication within or sub-
ject to the jurisdiction of the United States is prohibited for the
purpose of transmitting or receiving for delivery or for unauthorized
use, any unneutral communication. Except as provided in paragraph 5
below, unneutral communications are those affecting belligerent
military forces or belligerent military operations, or which will aid,
or be of material importance to, belligerents in the conduct of mili-
tary operations or economic warfare, whether directly or indirectly,
including espionage and sabotage.
4. No communication of any character is permitted by radio, wire,
or other communication apparatus between any station within or subject
to the jurisdiction of the United States and any military vessel,
military aircraft, or military station of a belligerent nation, except
as provided in paragraph 5 below.
5. The following communications are exempt from the provisions
of paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 above, provided such communications are not
of direct aid to a belligerent in the conduct of military operations
against an opposing belligerent:
(a) Calls of distress and necessary communications incident
to the distress;
(b) Comunications connected with safe navigation;
(c) Communications concerning arrangements for arrival in,
departure from, or passage through the jurisdiction of
the United States.
6. Every measure of restriction or prohibition taken by the
Alinex 3 ITS: II
SECRET
-5-
SPORT
All
United States or by companies or by private individuals in regard to
the use in behalf of the bolligerents of any means of communication
within or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and be-
longing to the United States or companies or private individuals,
shall be impartially applied to all belligerents.
7. Companies or private individuals operating any means of com-
munication within the jurisdiction of the United States will be held
responsible for compliance by themselves, their operators, or employees
with the provisions of laws of the United States and proclamations and
executive orders issued thereunder, and with the provisions of all rules
and regulations issued by any department or independent office or estab-
lishment of the United States Government in compliance therevith; and
all means of communication so operated, and the communications presented
for transmission, or received thereby for delivery or unauthorized use,
shall be subject to such inspection, supervision, or control, including
taking over and operating or closing such means of communication, by
the authorities of the United States, as may be necessary to insure
compliance with such laws, proclamations, or executive orders.
IN WITNESS visireof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
seal of the United States to be affixed.
DONE at the City of ashington this
day of
in the year of our Lord
,
and of the Independence of the United
(Seal)
States of America the
By the President:
Secretary of State.
(No. )
ANNEX B
ITEM II
SECRET
-6-
ANNEX B
SECRET
ITEM III
NOTE: (a) This executive order to be issued when it is considered
advisable to initiate physical control of the means of
communication and censorship of communications as a
preparatory war measure when it seens probable that the
United States will become a belligerent.
(b) If it is decided that additional laws are necessary to
make this executive order legal, and are passed, the
first two lines of the fourth paragraph should be changed
to read as follows: "NOT, therefore, by virtue of the
authority conferred on me by Section 606 (c) of the
Communications Act of 1934, approved June 19, 1934 (48
Stat. 1104; 47 U.S.C. 606 (c) ), and by (insert citation
of new law), and in order to make more effective enforce-
ment of the said treaties, laws, and procla-".
In
Rule 1, Rule 2, and Rule 6, after the word "treaties",
add ", laws,".
(c) If a law is passed authorizing the President to appoint
an Administrator of Public Relations, this law should also
be cited in the executive order.
(d) In event that the situation becomes so serious as to point
to the probable participation of the United States as a
belligerent, and Congress is not in session, consideration
should be given to the legality of this executive order,
and the corresponding proclamation, and to the advisa-
bility of issuing the executive order and proclamation
without further legislation, similar to the action taken
in 1914 as regards radio.
(e) The opinion of the Attorney General should be obtained
at the earliest possible moment by the State Department
as to the legality of this executive order and the procla-
mation related thereto.
0
annex B ITEM III
GEORET
-7-
SECRET
EXECUTIVE ORDER
PRESCRIBING REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE ENFORCEMENT
OF NEUTRALITY IN CONNECTION WITH COLLUNICATIONS
viereas, under the treaties of the United States, it is the
duty of the United States, in any war in which the United States is
a neutral, not to permit the commission of unneutral acts within
the jurisdiction of the United States;
AND THEREAS, a proclamation having been issued by me on the
day of
instant declaring the neutrality
of the United States of America in the war nov existing between
and
;
AND WHEREAS, a proclamation having been issued by me on the
day of
instant pertaining to
the observance of the neutrality of the United States during said
war in connection with means of communication within or subject to
the jurisdiction of the United States;
NOTT, therefore, in order to male more effective the enforcement
of the provisions of said treaties and proclamations, I hereby
prescribe that during the said war, the departments and independent
offices and establishments of the United States Government shall have
the following duties in enforcing the neutrality of the United States
in connection with all means of communication within or subject to
the jurisdiction of the United States, which duties shall be in
addition to the duties now prescribed, or hereafter prescribed, by
law, or by other executive order or regulation not in conflict here-
with, for the departments and independent offices and establishments
of the United States Government:
1. Treasury Department: Suppression of unauthorized means of
communication on board all vessels other than vessels of the naval
establishments of neutral and belligerent powers or vessels operating
for hostile or military purposes, and such inspection, supervision,
and use of or control of the means of communication on board the
vessels herein allotted to the Treasury Department as may be neces-
sary to carry out the provisions of said treaties and proclamations.
2. "ar Department and Navy Department: Under such further
division of responsibility or joint action as the Secretary of War
and the Secretary of the Navy may mutually agree upon: censorship
of communications presented for transmittal, or received, by any
means of communication of the Army and the Havy, and of communications
of Army and Navy personnel; such suppression of unauthorized means of
communication, and such inspection, supervision, and use or control of
any or all radio, landlines, and cables as may be necessary to carry
ANNEX B ITM III
SECRET
out the provisions of said treaties and proclamations; except for
the duties herein assigned to other departments and independent
offices and establishments of the United States Government.
Provided that, until an Administrator of Public Relations may be
appointed, the "ar Department and the Navy Department shall have
as additional duties those herein assigned to such Administrator
of Public Relations. (See FOOT HOTE 2.)
3. Department of Justice: Prosecution for violations of the
neutrality of the United States as prescribed in the Constitution
or laws of the United States and proclamations and executive orders
issued thereunder.
4. Administrator of Public Relations: (See FOOT NOTE 1).
Censorship of all communications, including broadcasting and the
mails except as follows:
(a) In the Canal Zone;
(b) Official communications of departments and other
independent offices and establishments of the
United States Government;
(c) Official communications between foreign governments
and their representatives, and between such represen-
tatives.
5. Federal Communications Commission: Performance of its regular
functions under the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, (48 Stat.
1064; 47 U.S.C., Chap. 5)
6. Governor of the Panama Canal: Within the Canal Zone: censor-
ship of all communications, including broadcasting; suppression of
unauthorized means of communication; and such inspection, supervision,
and use or control of means of communication as may be necessary to
carry out the provisions of said treaties and proclamations; except
in connection with official communications and means of communication
of other departments and independent offices and establishments of the
United States Government. Provided that, if an officer of the Army
is designated to assume authority and jurisdiction over the operation
of the Panama Canal as provided in Section 8 of Title 2 of the Canal
Zone Code, such officer of the Army shall thereafter have such duties.
7. All departments and independent offices and establishments of
the United States Government: Enforcing neutrality in connection with
their own means of communication; censorship of their own official
ANNEX B ITEM III
STORET
-9-
103
communications; furnishing information to and assisting all other
departments and independent offices and establishments of the United
States Government in connection with the duties herein assigned;
issuing rules and regulations necessary for carrying out the duties
herein assigned.
The Thite House
(No.
0
FOOT note 1: Then it becomes desirable to establish censorship,
it is assumed that the President will appoint an
Administrator of Public Relations with a Director
of Censorship functioning under him.
FOOT NOTE 2: If an Administrator of Public Relations has already
been appointed, onit last sentence beginning
"Provid ed that,".
ANUEX B
ITK III
mi
-10-
SECART
AHMEX 3
ITEM IV
PROVISIONS TO 33 CONTAINED Ill LEGISLATION
TO BE ENACTED creating THE PUBLIC RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION
1. That there is hereby created a Public Relations Administration,
That the purpose of the Administration is to provide for the dissemina-
tion of information in furtherance of the national effort and to prevent
the dissemination of information harmful thereto.
2
That the President, during the existence of war or national
emergency, declared by him to exist, is authorized and empowered,
whenever he shall deen it necessary for the national security or de-
fense:
a. To appoint, prescribe the duties of, and fix the salary
(not to exceed $15,000 per annum) of an official to be known as the
"Administrator of Public Relations", who shall be charged with keeping
the public at home and abroad advised of the condition of the Nation
in all of its efforts leading to the success of the national effort;
carrying out the provisions of the law "regarding control of communica-
tions in time of war or neutrality" insofar as prescribed for him by the
President. He shall have such assistants and subordinates as he may from
time to time find necessary, in addition to the following officials
prescribed for his Administration,
b. To appoint, and fix the salary (not to exceed $12,000 per
annum) of an official to be known as the "Director of Publicity", under
the Administrator of Public Relations , who shall be charged with
executing the details of the publicity program of the Administration,
and such other duties as may be assigned by the Administrator.
C. To appoint, and fix the salary (not to exceed $12,000 per
annum) of an official to be known as the "Director of Censorship", who
shall be, under the Administrator of Public Relations, charged with
executing such censorship as the Administrator of Public Relations
may be ordered to enforce.
3. That such personnel of the Army and the Havy shall be ordered
to duty with and under the Director of Publicity as may be requisite
and necessary to carry out the publicity requirements of the military
services; and such personnel of the Army and the Navy under the Director
of Censorship as may be necessary to carry out the censorship functions
of the Public Relations Administration,
ANNEX B
ITK: IV
SECRET
-11-
SECRET
4.
That until the Public Relations Administration is organized
and the Director of Censorship appointed, the Army and Navy, by mutual
coordination and cooperation, shall carry out such censorship as may
be ordered by the President.
5. That in addition to the personnel provided herein above,
the Administration is hereby authorized and empowered to employ such
clerical force, to rent such office space and procure such facilities
and equipment as may be required and authorized by the President.
6. That there is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the
purpose of defraying the expenses of the establishment and maintenance
of the Public Relations Administration, as approved by the President,
including the payment of salaries and other personal services in the
District of Columbia and elsewhere, out of the monies in the Treasury
not otherwise appropriated, the sum of 350,000,000, and furthermore,
pending the preparation of further budget figures, and until further
maintenance funds are appropriated, the Administration is empowered to
incur deficits to such extent as may be authorized by the President.
ANNEX 3 ITEM IV
-12-
Item V.
SEGRET
Tentative Draft of Presidential Proclamation Governing
Regulations and Control and Censorship of Publications
and Communications in case the United States is a
Belligerent
o
A PROCLAMATION
WHEREAS, The Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled have declared that a state of war exists between
the United States and the
Government; and
WHEREAS, the existence of war makes it imperative that no publication or
communication that would jeopardize the interests of the United States (or her
allies) shall be made during the continuance of hostilities;
NOW THEREFORE, by virtue of authority vested in me under the Act of Congress
approved
(Date)
, entitled (Consorship Act)
, I forbid the publica-
tion or transmission of any matter relating to the national defense, which might
be harmful to the United Statos (or har allies), or give aid or comfort to its
(their) enemios. To this end I hereby vest in a Director of Censorship, to be
hereafter appointed by me, the authority to censor, or cause to be censored,
under such rules and regulations as may be from time to time established, publi-
cations, and communications, except official Government communications, by mail,
cable, radio, telephone, talegraph, or other means of transmission or communica-
tion between the United States and any foreign country, or which may be carried
by any vessel, or other means of transmission, touching at any port, place or
territory of the United States, or under the control or jurisdiction of the
United States, and bound to or from any foreign country; and said Director of
Annex B - Item V.
-13-
Censorship is authorized and directed to take all measures as may be necessary
or expedient to administer the powers hereby conferred or that may be hereafter
conferred upon him, and which in his opinion the public safety demands.
All persons, partnerships, associations, companies, or corporations, and
all departments and offices of the United States Government now established or
that may be established during the continuance of this censorship, are hereby
directed to cooperate to the fullest extent in the enforcement of such rules
and regulations as may be prescribed from time to time by me, or by the Director
of Censorship by my authority. The heads of all departments and offices of the
United States Government are charged with the censorship of all official govern-
ment communications initiated by their departments and offices. FURTHERMORE, the
Postmaster General will cause all mails bound from the United States, its torri-
tories or possessions, to any foreign country, or received from any foreign
country, to be submitted to the censorship established.
It is forbiddon:-
(a) To publish or to send, mail, or file for sending or mailing, or attempt
to send or mail any communication in violation of the Act of (Censorship Act)
,
or any order, ruling or regulation promulgated thereunder.
(b) For any officer or employee of the Post Office Department or for any
person, partnership, association, company, or corporation operating a tolegraph,
telephone, cable, radio or other means of transmission or for any officer or
omployee thereof:
(1) Knowingly to accept for transmission, to transmit, deliver, or attempt
to transmit or deliver any communication in violation of the said Act or any order,
ruling or regulation promulgated therounder.
(2) Or to fail, neglect, or refuse to make such reports or to furnish such
Annex B - Item V. (Cont.)
-14-
information as may be required by the President, or by the person designated by
him, for carrying out the purposes of said Act.
(3) Or to fail, neglect, or refuse to furnish the President or person
designated by him, such proper facilities for the examination of messages and
for the performance of their duties as they may requiro.
(4) Or to evado, or attempt to evade, the submission to control of censor-
ship of any means of publicity or communication by the use of secret signaling
devices; or wilfully to uso or attompt to use any code, cipher, invisible ink,
or any other means or dovice of secret communication for the purpose of conceal-
ing from such control or consorship the existence and the intended meaning of
such communication.
(5) For anyone to publish, or communicate, or attempt to olicit an infor-
mation with respect to the movements, numbers, descriptions, condition or dis-
position of any of the armed forces, ships, aircraft, or war materials of the
United States (or hor allies), or with respect to the plans or conduct, or
supposed plans or conduct of any naval or military operations, or with respect
to any works or moasures undertaken for or connected with, or intended for the
fortification or defense of any place, or any other information relating to the
public defense, which might be useful to the enemy, or hamful to the United
States (or her allies).
This Proclamation shall take effect from this date
President
The White House
(Date)
Annex B - Item V. (Cont.)
-15-
Itom VI.
Tentative Draft of Executive Order for Enforcing Censorship
in Case the United States is a Belligerent.
- - - 000 - - -
EXECUTIVE ORDER
1. The Director of Censorship to be hereafter appointed by me pursuant to
the Act of Congress "
(Name)
approved by me
(Date)
,
is hereby charged with the executive administration of
the provisions of such proclamations, orders, rules and/or regulations from time
to timo established or published for the censorship of any and/or all publications
and communications in accordanco with the said Censcrship Act.
2. (a) The Secretary of War shall dotail an officer of the Army to serve as
an Assistant Director of Consorship charged with the supervision of the censorship
of all publications in the United States (except in foreign languages), and of
mail, telegrams, telephones, and over all non-military radio and cable traffic
within the United States, Alaska and foreign territory occupied by the Army
except the stations assigned to the Navy in paragraph 3. (a) following, and who,
in all matters of such censorship shall act under the direction of the Director
of Censorship. He shall also keep in touch with the War Department as to matters
of policy and information affecting military affairs, and will keep the Director
of Censorship SQ informed for his guidance.
(b) The Secretary of War shall also assign from the personnel of the Army
of the United Statos complements as necessary and required by the Director of
Censcrship at the stations established by him for the censoring of such traffic
as is assigned to the supervision of the Army hereby.
Annex B - Item VI.
-16-
3. (a) The Secretary of the Navy shall detail an officer of the United States
Navy to serve as an Assistant Director of Censorship charged with the supervision
of the censorship of all publications in foreign languages in the United States,
and of all cable and radio traffic of non-military stations, wherever located,
permitted to communicate overseas, with ships, or with aircraft flying over the
sea other than Army aircraft, and over all non-military traffic from stations
in Panama, the insular possessions, and in foreign territory exclusively occupied
by the Navy, and who, in all matters of such censorship shall act under the di-
rection of the Director of Censorship. He shall also keep in touch with the Navy
Department as to matters of policy and information affecting military affairs,
and will keep the Director of Censorship 80 informed for his guidance.
(b) The Secretary of the Navy shall also assign from the personnel of the
United States Navy and the United States Naval Reserve Force complements as
necessary and required by the Director of Censorship at the stations established
by him for the censoring of such traffic as is assigned to the supervision of
the Navy hereby.
4. The Attorney General, the Postmaster General, and the Chairman of the
Federal Communications Commission shall each assign a suitable representative
from the organization under his control to serve as a permanent member of a
Censorship Advisory Committee under the Director of Censorship. Their,duties on
this Committee shall be to represent their respective Departments and Commission
for all matters requiring liaison and coordination with Censorship.
5. In addition to the personnel furnished by the Departments of War and Navy,
the Director of Censorship shall supervise the procurement of such additional
civilian personnel as may be required, and shall procure such office space as is
necessary.
Annex B - Item VI. (Cont.)
-17-
6, The Director of Censorship through the Administrator of Public Relations,
shall, from time to time, report to me what rules, regulations and instructions
he shall have adopted, and the extent of such censorshi, established by him.
7. Pending the assumption of office of the Director of Censorship, the
Assistant Directors of Censorship named in Articles 2 and 3 above shall operate
the censorship required by their joint action and cooperation.
8, The head of each department and office of the Government shall be respon-
sible for the censoring of all official government communications initiated by
his department or office.
9. All departments and offices of the Government are hereby enjoined to
cooperate to the fullest extent in the enforcement of the censorship hereby
established, both in the matter of the official government communications
initiated by them, and in all other matters pertaining thereto.
10. This order shall take effect from this date.
President
The White House
(Date)
PSF: War Dept-Draft folder
September 4, 1940
My dear Mr. Sheley:
Your letter of August twenty-ninth
to the President has been received. I shall
be glad to place it before him and, in the
meantime, I want to thank you in his behalf
for your friendly thought in writing. I know
he will appreciate your expressions of approv-
al.
Very sincerely yours,
STEPHEN EARLY
Secretary to the President
L. B. Sheley, Esq.,
Editor, Pinckneyville Democrat,
Pinckneyville,
Illinois.
mls
not carded
PSF:War Dept-
L B. SHELEY
Everybody's Reading It Now
Editor and Publisher
Draft folder ack.
2000 Papers
D. MATT SHELEY
THE DEMOCRAT
Largest Circulation of Any News-
City Editor, Business Manager
paper in Perry County-The
JOHN SHELEY
Democrat la Read By Buyers
Staff Photographer and
"The People's Newspoper-For Social Justice"
Superintendent Engraving
Pinckneyville,
Illinois
August
29
40
Hon Franklin D Roosevelt, The President
m
For file 10,000 People
Washington D C.
Dear Mr Roosevelt: Thanks for your letter. It took more time than I expected
from the president, and I will be br&ef to avoid using much more of yourtime
I wrote to "r Keller, first as an American, and then as a Democrat, to quote,
but I do think the election this fall will be the most important since civil war
days if not in the history or the Republic.
I am enheartened by your reference to a "limited" draft and I note too what
you say about Fascism. I have referred to it in my paper as an antidote for
Communisim, as deadly as the poison, which threatens becasue conservatives fear
the Liberal movement may degenerate into Communism. And then there are some who
would like it any way.
I do not believe a limited draft will hurt you and especially in view of Wil-
kie's stand on the subject.
I have been a militant "ew Dealer and even though I thought you asked for
too many in your supreme court enlargement, I supported you in my paper. My op-
inion, as aferewards stated in the paper, was that you were just shoving a big
stack of blue chips in front of you to bluff the reactionary hangers of the
bench, and their friends.
I have honestly had misgivings about your attitude on conscription, provoked
by intimations and charges that you might intervene in Britain. I never did
question your integrity but you know Woodrow Wilson did not want war, but the
agandists got to him, through shome of his cabinet, and we had war. There
is some sentiment in this country for war, especially among Jewish people. In
my paper I have said that we should not intervene, symp thize though we must,
and I have referred them to my statement a few years ago, in my paper, that
the Knights of Columbus were wrong in asking interference in Mexico when memebers
of the church to which I happen to belong were persecuted.
I would not have been so, shallI say violent, in my opposition to the Burke-
Wadsworth bill ir It had first appeared in it's present amended form. The ori-
ginal was an ideal set up for some one to give us Fascism, and I did not like
the parents of the measure.
My first editorial comment about Willkie was that he was a personality, a show-
man, and that type man was needed, if you were to be really challenged---but
that it remained to be seen if he would not wilt like a morning glory in the
noon day sun of campaign publicity. I think the morning glory is already drooping
Perry county was a strong Republican county up to 1930. I bought this paper in
1929 and discovering grat at the court house began criticising--we elected a
drafted Remocratic ticket that fall, and have never given a Republican a majority
since---countymor year elections and judicial elections we have had twelve
since and we will sweep it again this fall.
You may feel assured that I will strongly support the entire Democratic ticket
and as my editorial comments indicate, your humane record of social reform and
your assurances convince me that your program aims at defense only. I feel that
we, the American people, can depend upon you. I bèlieve that I fully realize
the danger in the present situation, and want you to know that I am not just
a Democrat but a liberal first, and that I hold the people and country above
party.
Joseney Cordially and Sei cerely Yours
L. B. Sheley,
Editor Pinckneyville Democrat
F
that
THAT
DE
Dept-Draft folder
August 26, 1940
PERSONAL & CONFIDENTIAL
Dear Mr. Sheley:
Kent Keller showed me your very interesting letter
to him and I fully share your doubt as to whether a limited
form of selective draft will be popular. In fact, it may
very easily defeat the Democratic National ticket -- Wallace
and myself.
Nevertheless, I wish that not only editors of papers
but everybody else who opposes the draft enlistment could
study and see with their own eyes what has led to the present
situation. Years ago, as you will remember, Mr. Bryan, who
was a very good friend of mine, talked about "a million men"
springing to arms over night. I used to have many talks
with him and pointed out that I agreed with him about a
million men springing. But even then, thirty years ago, I
asked him the simple question "What arms?" His only answer
to that was that there were in this country enough rifles
and shotguns and axes and soythes to arm a million men and
all his life Mr. Bryan failed to realize that even in his
day wars were not fought that way.
I spent two days at one of the troop maneuvers --
94,000 men -- and anybody who knows anything about the German
methods of warfare would know that that army would have been
licked by thoroughly trained and organized forces of & similar
size within a day or two. First of all, the American army
was definitely lacking in many forms of modern equipment,
but that 1s being remedied as fast as the factories can be
started. Secondly, the men were not trained in the high
sense of the term to use the arms they had and that was
largely because the officers and junior officers had not had
the chance to carry out mimio warfare on the scale of a
large army. Third, the men themselves were soft -- fifteen
miles a day was about all they could stand and many dropped
out at that. They could not be hardened up in the couple of
weeks the maneuvers lasted -- it would take a good long time
to accomplish for them what the German armies are, practically
all of them, capable of doing. These German armies have
marched thirty miles a day continuously for a good many days
on end.
Then there 1s another phase of it which the average
citizen does not in the least bit understand. Voluntary en-
listments are running at their peak today but this peak is
far short of the essential numbers we require. Furthermore,
voluntary enlistment endangers the selective principle be-
cause a large proportion of men with special knowledge or
special trades get put into some places where they are mis-
fits.
You may be right from the point of view of votes
this Fall but if you were in my place you would realize that
in the light of world conditions it 18, for the sake of
national safety, necessary for us to prepare against attack
Just as fast and Just as sensibly as we can. You need not
worry about militarism taking away your liberty or mine or
that of any other individual. There 1s, however, in place
of the danger of militarism, a real danger in this country
being thrown into some form of Fasoism where you and I will
lose our personal liberties and the country will be in the
hands of some individual or some small controlling group.
There are some occasions in the national history
where leaders have to move for the preservation of American
liberties and not just drift with what may or may not be a
political doubt of the moment.
I know you will appreciate the spirit in which this
personal and confidential letter 1s written to you but I do
hope you will think this thing through in terms of national
safety and not Just in terms of votes.
Always sincerely yours,
L. B. Sheley, Esq.,
Editor and Publisher,
The Democrat,
Pinokneyville,
Iminois.
twomes stadem odn 20 in nols sne snows artz
20
PSFiWar Dept Draft falder
KENT E. KELLER
COMMITTEES
LIBRARY-CHARMAN
25TH DISCRICT ILLINOIS
LABOR
FLOOD CONTROL
HOME ADDRESS:
AVA. ILLINOIS
Congress of the United States
AUGUSTA a. MILLIGAN
SECRETARY
house of Representatives
CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS
Mashington, D.C.
August 21, 1940
The Honorable
THE 40025 BECEIVER 9:06 MM *40 +40
WHITE HOUSE
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The White Bouse
ky dear Mr. President:
I en enclosing for your attention
A letter from a very close friend of nine who is
Editor and Publisher of The Democrat in Pinckney-
ville, Illinois.
Hent-Heller Very sincerely yours,
Kent 4. Keller, N. C.
PSF:War Dept- Draftsfolder
1. B. SHELEY
Everybody's Reading It Now
Militor and Publisher
2000 Papers
D. MATT SHELEY
THE DEMOCRAT
Largest Circulation of Any News-
City Editor, Business Manager
paper in Perry County-The
JOHN SHELEY
Democrat la Read By Buyers
Staff Photographer and
"The People's Newspaper-For Social Justice"
For 10,000 People
Superintendent Engraving
Pinckueyville, Illinois
Hon Kent E Keller M C
aug 14 1940
Washington D C
Dear Mr Keller
Before giving you the information for which this letter is intended
I want to first tell you that I am opposed to the draft, because I think
it is undemocratic, in time of peace, and unnecessary at this time. That
gives you a chance to discount what I am going to say, but it should not
be discounted, because it is written in all honesty.
I am sure that, ir you men in congress would devote the same energy,
pressure and propaganda to stimulating patriotism that is being directed to-
ward forcing this draft measure down the people's throats, voluntary enlist-
ments would step up to the desired figure. If an honest effort like that
failed then, under existing world conditions, I admit the draft would prob-
ably be justified. But with recruiting offices turning men away because
they have rilled their quotas, there is no need of draft, even though this
be not true of all recruiting stations.
What wanted to say to you, though, is that there is a powerful
undercurrent 01 resentment against the congress and against the president
over the draft and it, in my opinion, accounts almost entirely for the
showing 01 polls giving Willkie such gains.
In my opinion Roosevlet and the Democrats will go down in defeat
if this measure is put through, even though Willkie seems to favor it. For
Roosevelt is being blamed and suspected and with resentment over that already
burning in many hearts, voters will be glad to take up the third term and
other excuses for turning noosevelt down.
People are a little slow to talk, because they are afraid they will
be accused 01 disloyalty, and smeared in gneral, like Minton attacked Holt
in the senate. But they will vote in secret and cannot be smeared for
that.
If Willkie had sense enough to come out against conscription, until
volunteering had been given a fair chance, he would sweep the country.
I was in Murphysboro the other day and one of my sisters-in-law, whose
husband is a railroad man and a shouting Aeller and Roosevelt man, said to
me "Doc, I am airaid our president is going to get beat?" I asked her why
and she said "the draft and the thrid term."
Republicans are using the third term but when a Democrat uses it
I know that he is using it to hide his resentment over the craft--for fear
that he will be criticised. My sister-in-law is active in chunch and
among railroad men's wives, and is herself as big a Lemocrat as her husband.
A farmer told me about three weeks ago that he was a life long Demo-
crat, that nis wife, who came from a Republican family, had always voted with
him, since suffrage came, but he said "she told me the other day if RooseveOt
puts the drait over I'll never ote the Democratic ticket a355s again as long
as I live" and he added "and I won't either."
I told him that I thought the president had been mislead into feel-
ing that the people want the draft by polls---you know, a uquestion can be
so put as to coerce a voter. People can tell by the# attitude of the poll-
ing representatives of the National Institute of Public opionion, by the
form of the question and the attitude of the questioner, where he stands.
Many are too tima to risk being gien a sercastic word, or smile,
Convinced irom some undercurrent of conversation I had heard that
it was not true the people wanted conscription I started & poll of my own
conscription. We are running it two weeks-the first report showed 83 per cent plus, against
L. B. SHELEY
Everybody's Reading It Now
Editor and Publisher
2000 Papers
D. MATT SHELEY
City Editor, Business Manager
THE DEMOCRAT
Larwest Circulation of Any News-
paper in Perry County-The
JOHN SHELEY
Democrat la Read By Buyers
Staff Photographer and
"The People's Newspaper-For Social Justice"
For 10,000 People
Superintendent Engraving
Pinckneyville, Illinois
Keller 2
The very fact that the bill was introduced by Senator Burke, convinced me
that it was a Tory measure, and it 8 wide range would have been fatal
to our liberties, and we all know that the modifications have been forced.
Tories are fearful of communism, I grant that, and so am I but Fascism or
the Nazi philosophy, are not the antidote, or at least they are as deadly
as the poison. In fact there is little difference between any of them-
human liberty disappears. And our fight is against all three, any one of
which could come, because one element deemed it essential as a deênee
defense against another element, our job is to stave them all off and
retain our pre ent form, and reform it as we go along.
But I'll never approve or turning America over to a military clique and
I am sure that if it is ever done, we can just say good bye to our
cherished American liberty.
I stand for oratory, persuasion, the pattriotic propaganda we used in
the world war to get the money, as a means of building an army, rather
than force, the bayonet.
I am sure we could get as many men as patriots, as we can get as con-
scripts and that they will make better soldiers.
That is the reason I am against the draft and will be until the volunteer
system has been tried.
I am against it first, as an American, I am against it as a Democrat too
and for the same reasons, but also because I am sure that it's passage
would wreck the Democratic party.
People who have voluntarily come in here to vote tell me that they are
fearful the army is being built up to send abroad, and referring tothe
work behind the lines, that they who are not employed are ready to go to
that work without being drafted.
I know and you know that the German and Italian elements are against it
and the Democrats will lose that vote-I'd be willing to risk that, but
farmers are @gainst it, and so is labor, and so are church people which
latter, of course? includes some from all the groups mentioned.
I think Mr Keller that you can elect Roosevelt if you can convince him
that the thing to do is to start an organized move to build up the army
through enlistments. A couple of his fire side chats, with the usual
org nized efrort to carry it through, would do the trick- build the army
and elect the Democratic ticket this fall.
I hope I am not going to tell you, after the Noveber election that "I
told you so'
and I say that in hope for my party, but especially in
hope for my country, for Democracy and human liberty.
Cordially,
L. B. Sheley
PSF:W.D.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 19, 1940.
MEMORANDUM FOR
THE SECRETARY OF WAR:
Before leaving tonight I as in-
closing the letters from Chairman
Sheppard and Chairman May.
How would it do to make Major
General Gullion the Director and to
make Major General McCoy and Lieutenant
Colonel Hershey his two assistants,
or else the heads of two separate
functions of the Draft -- one of them
perhaps the selection itself by the
Selection Boards, and the other the
coordination of the induction in con-
nection with the readiness of the camps
to receive the draftees as inducted?
F. D. R.
Inclosures.
Letters from Cong. A. J. May, Cheirman, House
Consittee on Military Affairs, 9/19/40, and
Sen. Morris Sheppard, 9/19/40, recomenting
Major General Allen Gullion AM Director of the
National Selective Service Administration.
SEVENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
ANDREW J. MAY
CHAIRMAN
ANDREW A. MAY, KY., CHAIRMAN
a. EWING THOMASON, TEX.
WALTER a. ANDREWS, N.Y. T.
DOM W. HARTER,
DEWEY SHORT, NO.
CHARLES & FADOIS, PA,
LESLE c. ARENDS, FLL.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
HOME ADDRESS:
ANDREW EDMISTON, w. VA.
CHARLES a. CLASON, MASS.
PRESTONSBURG, KY.
EDWIN M. SCHAEPER, ILL
ALBERT a. AUTHERFORD, PA.
4. JOSEPH SMITH, CONN.
A. PARMELL THOMAS, N. 4.
COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS
MATTHEW A. MERRITT, N. Y.
PAIR W. SHAPER, MIDA,
2019 M. COSTELLO, CALIF.
THOMAS E. MARTIN, HOWA
c. ARTHUR ANDERSON, MO.
CHARLES H. ELETON, OHIO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
OVERTON BROOKS, LA.
FOREST A. HARNESS, INCL.
JOHN & SPARKMAN, ALA.
PAIN, A. KILDAY, TEX.
BAMUEL W. KING, HAMAD
JOSEPH W. STRING, JR., TENN,
ANTHONY 4. DIMONO, ALASKA
WILLIAM a. BYRON, MD.
PSF
KENNETH ANDERSON, CLERK
September 19, 1940
War
Draft
Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt,
The White House,
Washington, D. C.
My dear Mr. President:
I am writing you in the interest of
Major General Allen Gullion, for the purpose of reconnending
his appointment as Director of the National Selective Service
Administration, and in support of Ky recommendation, it may
be observed that Major General Gullion was closely identified
with the World Bar draft proceedings and 10 quite familiar
with the work necessary to be done in making effective at
once the provisions of the recent act.
General Gullion is not only equipped
with splendid executive ability, but he is a disciplinarian
and with his broad experience, in my judgment, will make a
most efficient director.
With cordial good wishes, I am
Sincerely yours,
A. J. MAY, Chairmen
full
War PSF: writt
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 30, 1940.
MEMORANDUM FOR
S. T. E.
The President said if
there is any question at all,
the Attorney General ought to
check some of these people
recommended by Governors for
Selective Service work.
G.GET
G. G. T.
Brung lone
Emm
war PSF: w
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
10-8-40
MEMORANDOM FOR THE PRESIDENT:
In regard to the attached,
I have arranged through Colonel Hershey
to choose a date after the election. He
was heartily in favor and said there were
many logical reasons why this should be
done.
Emm
E.M.V.
MOTDWIH2AW
THE MHILE HONSE
E
TH
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 4, 1940.
MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON:
On Tuesday morning find out
from Col. Hershey whether the
October 23rd-28th date for the
National Lottery cannot be deferred
until after Election.
F. D. R.
PSFiWer Dept. - Draft folder
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON October 14, 1940
file
Memorandum For The President.
The Lottery
There has been a great deal of misunderstanding
about the lottery. I gave you a memorandum some days
ago which the Budget Director, who has seen it, claims
is incomprehensible. Frankly, the men you have asked
for information about the lottery, such as General
Marshall and others, really do not understand the pro-
cedure of Selective Service and have probably confused
you. To my mind the factor which must be considered
in connection with postponing the lottery is the poli-
tical factor. The Any has announced many times that
the lottery will be held the week of October 26th. To
postpone it until after election would leave you open
to the charge that it was postponed for political
reasons.
I can see no political repercussion from the
lottery itself except that it focuses the attention
of the country upon the draft. The real trouble begins
only when the local boards start to operate which will
be about November 8th. There should be a great number
of complaints at that time, whether justifiable or
otherwise.
What should be a controlling factor in the decision
about the lottery is that entirely too many persons
already know there has been some discussion about post-
ponement. I haven't the slightest idea how they know,
but they do. This includes the Advisory Committee on
Selective Service, and most of the Any staff connected
with Selective Service. On the Advisory Committee is
at least one person who is a strong supporter for Willkie.
I certainly do not mean to impugen,his motives, but I do
not think Willkie should be given the opportunity to make
political capital out of postponement.
A question also to be considered is what kind of a
ceremony you wish. I understand the Army presently plans
to hold it at the Capitol with the Chief Justice, the
Cabinet and members of Congress present. The President
is to draw the first number.
24R
James Rowe, Jr.
PSF:
THE WHITE HOUSE
October 14, 1940
WASHINGTON
Memorandum For The President.
Selective Service
You have asked whether the lottery for Selective Service should not be
postponed until late in November.
We believe it would be & serious mistake to postpone the lottery, now
scheduled to take place probably October 28th. Most important, it would throw
the entire machinery of the Selective Service procedure out of line. This
procedure is, briefly, as follows:
Registration
(1) 16,000,000 men (21 to 36) register Wednesday, October 16th.
(2) The day after registration the cards go to the 6500 local boards;
each board will have an average of 2500 cards.
(3) The boards will then transfer cards for men living in other board
areas. After shuffling the remaining cards, they will number them, from one to
the total number, and will then advise the Governor of this number, say 2750.
(4) The Governor then wires Washington the largest number reported by
any board in his State, say 3250.
(5) When all States report, Washington will know the largest number
held by any local board in the nation, say 4300. 700 numbers will be added
to cover late registrants, making a total of 5000 numbers.
The above procedure should take a week to ten days to complete. There-
fore, the lottery would normally take place October 28th at the latest.
The Lottery
(1) The numbers, 1 to 5000, are placed in & glass bowl and on the date set,
these numbers are drawn. These are the "order numbers", meaning the order in
which the registrants in each of the 6500 boards are classified and selected.
A list of the 5000 numbers, in the order drawn are distributed to each Board.
It will take five days to distribute the official lists. (The newspapers will carry
the numbers the day of the lottery but no action will be taken until the
official list arrives).
(2) A local board with cards from 1 to 2750 will then cross off the
master list each number above 2750. The number at the head of the master list
becomes order number one for that particular local board.
(3) Questionnaires, at the rate of 40 a day are sent to the registrants
at the top of the list. Each registrant must fill out and return the question-
naire within five days.
It is not until this time that the actual process of classification begins.
(November 8th).
Classification
(1) The local board studies the questionnaires to determine in which of
the four classes the registrant belongs. Class IV - deferred by law or unfit
for military service; Class III - deferred because of dependents; Class II -
deferred because of occupation; Class I - available for service.
(2) The local board must classify sufficient registrants to keep ahead
of quota calls. The Army plans its first quota call on November 18th. The
quota is 35,000 men. (Volunteering should take a large part of this first quota).
Subsequent calls will come in December, January, February for the first 400,000
men. The second 400,000 men would be Inducted in the Spring.
(3) It is estimated that the first 400,000 nen will come from the 1,600,000
with the lowest order numbers. This is, of course, 10% of the total registra-
tion of 16,000,000. This means that the other 90% will not be classified
immediately and therefore their uncertainty as to imediate induction will be
over.
You may ask why the entire 16,000,000 are not immediately classified
before the lottery takes place. There are several answers.
One answer is that even If the boards worked day and night on classi-
fication, it would take at least six months and probably & year to complete
the classification. However, the local boards are serving without remunera-
tion and could not afford to devote this amount of time.
Another answer is that classification is dynamic, not static. John
Jones, single and in good health, might be put in Class I. Several months
later the Army quota call reaches his number. By that time John Jones is
married or his health has broken down; 50 he rightfully belongs in an entirely
different class. Therefore, there is no point to classifying the entire
16,000,000 at this time, as it would be useless work. The only function of
the local board is to keep ahead of the Army quota call.
(This may be true only during the first few months of operation, since
the statute contemplates that eventually quotas will be based on the number
of men in Class I in each State. The law pendts Selective Service to use
estimates as a basis until the actual figures are known.)
You personally may have desired complete classification because of the
advantage of classifying the nation's man-power as to their industrial and
other skills. Under the present law it would be impossible to use this in-
formation effectively except as the State Employment Service could make known
to men with particular skills the existence of particular jobs. However,
much more detailed occupational questionnaires are needed for this purpose.
Also the information would change after six months so considerably that re-
classification would again be required.
HDS (MPHR)
Harold D. Smith
JHR
James Rowe, Jr.
PSF:
THE WHITE HOUSE
war
this
WASHINGTON
October 15, 1940
PA:
To talk to Lowell Mellett about
this.
Relument to The President F.D.R.
Have tacked to mellett
and him you
comed work this ant
with -
when he reports fa
daty
amw
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT REPORTS
WASHINGTON
10/12/40
un President
a which from new york
drops drowing is being
says a delay in the
considered.
from the standport of
national morale, as well
as the political standpoins,
2 think this might prace
a very service error.
reasons can if you care to have
enlarge on my
me do so,
J.Col-
worft
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 23, 1940
Memorandum For The President.
Negro Problem
The President should make eight moves in dealing with the Negro problem,
according to the following time schedule:
(1) Selective Service Quota Call -- On October 28th, the Army will
notify the Director of Selective Service that it wants 35,000 men to be in-
ducted 21 days from October 28th. According to present procedure, the Corps
Area Commander will inform the respective Governors that they want, for
example, 1,000 white men and 500 colored men from the State of X. This
raises the problem of a segregation one week before election. Irrespective
of how the problem' is handled, in the long run, the President should command
General Marshall and Dykstra that the lottery system should be followed
impartially, insofar as the first quota call of 35,000 men is concerned.
The Army assumes segregation to be a fact. Marshall will probably argue
that segregation is necessary in this first call for two reasons: (1) There
are not enough trained colored officers to handle the colored men drawn, and
therefore they should be deferred; (2) colored barracks will not be ready in
time.
The simple answer is that the Army can easily assimilate the first quota
call of 35,000 men without too much trouble. Therefore, General Marshall
should instruct the Corps Area Commanders not to ask for men according to
color. They should ask for the proper number of men from the Governors
irrespective of color, and the matter should not be brought up. The Corps
Area Commanders should be instructed to disregard the confidential instruction
books they received some weeks ago, insofar as the first quota call is
concerned.
(Time -- since the call is set for October 28th, the Army is undoubtedly
already instructing its officers to ask for segregated groups. Therefore,
the President should talk to Marshall on Thursday, October 24th. Urgent.)
ask
(2) The President should promote approximately eight Colonels to the
rank of Brigadier General, including Colonel Davis, a Negro West Point
graduate. This is the one most dramatic move which should help us more than
anything else. General Marshall is probably agreeable. He wants to advance
a number of Colonels, but the President some time ago told him to "go slow".
The President should talk to General Marshall about this personally; other-
wise Colonel Davis' name will never reach the White House.
(Time -- Thursday, October 24th; the mechanics will take a few days and
the longer it is put off the more obvious it becomes.)
(3) Steve Early should announce at his press conference that the
President has directed Dykstra to appoint Campbell Johnson, head of the local
Bale
-2-
Negro Y. M. C. A., awa reserve officer, as Assistant to the Director and
Advisor on Negro Affairs. This should come from the White House because
Selective Service is uppermost in the peoples' mind. An announcement by
Dykstra would get no publicity.
(Time - Thursday, October 24th. Dykstra is all ready to do this and is
waiting to hear from the President. The mechanics involved are merely to
inform Steve and to let Dykstra know it will be done before Steve holds his
press conference. Note that this will be the first public administration
move in relation to the Negro problem.)
(4) The Secretary of War should appoint Judge Hastie as Assistant to
the Secretary of War. Hastie is a former government attorney, and Judge in
Puerto Rico, and is now Dean of Howard University. He has a national status.
77
Like Campbell Johnson he is non political. Stimson should make the announce-
ment rather than the White House, so as not to make it too obvious.
(Time - Probably Saturday, October 26th. The details are not yet worked
out; I was unable to learn late tonight whether Hastie will accept without
issuing a statement. If he won't, it will take a few days to get another man).
(5) The President should write a letter to the Civil Service Commission
directing it to use fingerprints instead of photographs on civil service
applications in the future. An executive order is not necessary. Jim Mead
is very anxious for this, the Commission is willing to do it, and it should
help in New York. The Commission is afraid to do it on its own authority
because it will antagonize the Southern Congressmen. Ramspeck tells me the
Southerners are not opposed to it but are afraid to vote for it, and will not
resent it too much if the President writes such a letter.
(Time - Monday, October 28th. This will be the Commission announcement.
The President's letter can be dated Friday or Saturday. If agreeable to him,
I will prepare and submit it for his signature).
(6) The editor of the largest Negro newspaper in Chicago, which is pro
New Deal, has written the President asking for a conference with him so he
can prepare a series of articles showing what the President has done for the
Negroes the past seven years. The President can see him and then send him to
Lowell Mellett or Dr. will Alexander for the information. The important
thing is that he have an appointment with the President. This appointment
might well be for luncheon, because the public and the press attach more
importance to luncheon appointments.
(Time - Monday, October 28th. General Watson should get in touch with
him tomorrow, Thursday, October 24th.)
(7) The War Department Information Office should announce that Negroes
are now being accepted for training in the Air Corps.
(Time - Friday, October 25th).
-3-
(8) Segregation. Negro leaders "played ball" by not mentioning the
segregation problem in the Army, until the unfortunate misconstruction
placed on the White House announcement after the Walter White conference
with the President. To protect themselves with their own people they felt
they had to attack the White House statement. Question of how to handle this
should receive very thoughtful consideration. Possibly any statement by
the President at a press conference would only make matters worse; perhaps
Silence is the best approach.
On the other hand, perhaps the President should go very far and announce
that a gradual beginning to end segregation will be his program. For instance,
there should be no problem if the races are mixed in a regiment quartered
in the Northwest, where there is no racial feeling. The Army Officers
will oppose this bitterly. Their stock argument is that they make some
concessions but the President never forces his pet, the Navy, to take on any
colored men.
Harry Hopkins and Dr. Alexander are considering this. Consultation with
persons like Hastie and Weaver might give us & formula.
Negro meetings are being held Sunday in all principal cities to protest
segregation. Query: Should the President attempt to meet the situation
before Sunday?
24R
James Rowe, Jr.
SECRET
Dir. 5200.9 (9/27/68)
SECRET
Date- 4-22-66
MEMORANDUM:
Signature- Carl I spicer
SUBJECT: The Problem of Production of Munitions in Relation to
the Ability of the United States to Cope with its De-
fense Problems in the Present World Situation.
Section I.
Estimate of the Position of the United States
in Relation to the World Situation.
1. In relation to the existing world situation, the
first consideration in regard to the position of the United States
is that its action in opposition to the three Totalitarian Powers,
Germany, Italy, and Japan, may cause them to undertake hostile
action against the United States if their serious preoccupation
with other military adventures will permit. With respect to
Germany and Italy, it appears reasonably certain that neither
will engage in open hostilities with the United States unless
or until they have succeeded in inflicting a major reverse on
Great Britain in the British Isles, and in the eastern Mediterranean,
and as well, have assured themselves that Soviet Russia will not
seize the opportunity to cause trouble for them in Europe while
they were engaged elsewhere. With respect to Japan, definitely
hostile action against the United States will depend upon the con-
sequences of any steps taken by the United States to oppose Japan-
ese aggression. These consequences may become such a hindrance to
her economic and military welfare that steps in retaliation
such as the seizure of the Philippines may be undertaken. Further-
more, the obviously expanding self-confidence and aggressiveness
of Japan have become so great that there can be no assurance that
in the near future she will not take action which will face the
United States with the alternative of armed opposition or complete
modification of our Far Eastern policy.
2. Our estimate of the threat of aggressive action
by Germany or Italy must be concerned with two aspects of the
question. The first is the time factor, affecting their
attainment of sufficient strategic freedom of action to under-
take operations against objectives in the Western Hemisphere,
and second, the question whether, by the time they have attained
such strategic freedom of action, the United States will have
built up its armed strength sufficiently to render the attempt
a dubious gamble with success, and therefore disadvantageous.
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3. As the situation stands in late September, 1940,
the expected invasion of England has not been attempted and
with every passing day the likelihood of this attempt appears
to decrease. Meanwhile, uninterrupted violent air attacks on
the British Isles have been continued for several weeks with
no immediate indication of causing a breakdown in British morale
or resistance. There is no prior precedent of air operations on
such a scale with so apparent a prospect of long continuance.
Consequently, no one can say whether British resistance will
eventually succumb to air attack alone. However, from present
indications it appears reasonable to assume that by air attack
alone Germany cannot force British capitulation in the British
Isles for several months yet to come. At the present time, the
outcome of the Italians' offensive against British forces in
the eastern Mediterranean is also uncertain. Undoubtedly, if
the Italian drive should reach the Suez Canal and Italian
forces should thereafter be able to deprive British naval and
commercial shipping from use of the Suez Canal, the British
would have to release their hold on the Near East and probably
be driven out of the Mediterranean.
4. It has been suggested that the loss of Gibraltar
by Great Britain would not only react seriously on the possibility
of continued British operations in the Mediterranean, but would
also open the way to serious consequences to the United States,
by opening the way for movement of Italian naval forces into
the Atlantic, especially if based on Dakar. The threat thus
indicated would have to be opposed either by a part of the
British Navy now based in the British Isles, or if that should
prove impossible by the withdrawal of a part of the United
States fleet from the Pacific into the South Atlantic, thereby
weakening our Pacific position in opposition to Japan. Further-
more, occupation of Dakar by the Axis Powers, both as a naval
and an air base, would open the way to aerial penetration of
South America by ferrying flights to Natal. It is well recognized
that it would be imperative for the United States to anticipate
such action by the preventive occupation of the air fields and
ports in northeastern Brazil. While the ousting of Great Britain
from Gibraltar would undoubtedly make more difficult the position
of British naval forces in the Mediterranean, it is considered
doubtful that even with the gateway open to the Atlantic, that
Italian naval forces would leave the Mediterranean while the
British Fleet is still in being.
5. Meanwhile, the indications are that both Spain
and Portugal will be drawn into the orbit of Axis control. In
this event, unless immediately occupied by Great Britain or the
United States, it may be expected that the Azores, Canary and Cape
Verde Islands will be occupied and defended by Axis forces, and
put to such use as operating bases as may be found practicable
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the
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3.
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in order to disturb British naval control of the Atlantic. Axis
control of the Azores would offer a definite threat to the security
of the Western Hemisphere as it would materially shorten the distance
for operations against our outposts at Newfoundland and Bermuda, as
well as against commercial shipping or naval forces in the Atlantic.
6. From the standpoint of the time factor, it appears
reasonable to estimate that the British hold on the British Isles
cannot be so weakened as to make the withdrawal of the British Fleet
therefrom necessary in less than 6 months. Assuming that the
British Government adheres to its expressed purpose, under no
circumstances to surrender the British Fleet, the Axis Powers
would still lack freedom of action in the Atlantic if the British
Fleet continued to operate from bases in the Western Hemisphere.
Under these circumstances, serious attempts by the Axis Powers
of aggression against the Western Hemisphere would have tomwait
the building of sufficient naval forces to allow them to contest
the combined naval supremacy of Great Britain and the United States
in the Atlantic Ocean. This could not occur for several years, if
ever. However, a part of the responsibility of the United States
should be to be prepared to meet the worst possible situation. So
far as the Atlantic is concerned, this worst possible situation
would arise if, instead of withdrawing, the British Fleet were
largely destroyed or were forced to surrender. Even if a sufficient
portion of the British Fleet should be surrendered so that the
strength of the surrendered vessels added to the existing strength
of the German and Italian Navies would exceed the naval strength
of the United States, it has been estimated that a period of at
least 6 months from such surrender would have to elapse before
British units could be effectively manned by German or Italian
crews and, by training and operating practice, incorporated in the
German or Italian Navies. Consequently, if the previously stated
belief is correct, that it would be at least 6 months before the
British hold on the British Isles can be destroyed, it appears
that at least a year from now must elapse before the possibility
will occur of freedom of action for the Axis Powers to operate
against the Western Hemisphere unless, in the meantime, we become
seriously involved in the Far East.
7. Nevertheless, there is a strong possibility that
the United States will be confronted with the necessity for the
employment of armed force for essential defensive missions in
the Western Hemisphere within a year. This possibility arises
from two different types of potential threats. The first is
that German infiltration into Latin America, which is already
occurring and which is known to be increasing, may bring about
forms of so-called "Fifth Column" activities which without the
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assistance of the United States would be to overwhelm, by sub-
versive or revolutionary activity, the stability of existing
Latin American Governments, which we have undertaken to support.
Regimes thus set up and affiliated with the German Government
would afford ready overseas bases for subsequent German infil-
tration or for outright military, naval, and air operations when
the Axis Powers should become foot-loose in the Atlantic. The
second of these potential threats arises from the possibility
that, following attrition of British naval forces, Germany probably
would dispatch naval raiders for such harassing attacks on shipping
and exposed coastal and island possessions in the Western Atlantic
as might tend to withdraw British naval forces from the protection of
the British Isles or United States naval forces now maintaining our
strong position in the Pacific.
8. With regard to our position in the Pacific, as
has previously been indicated, there is no assurance that Japan
will not, within the next few months, move swiftly either against
the Dutch East Indies or against the Philippines or Guam, especially
if the Japanese Government should become increasingly embarrassed
by embargos on exports from the United States to Japan, and at the same
time should become convinced that despite protests by the United
States it was only throwing a bluff and would back down in the face
of a serious situation.
9. This brief survey leads to the following conclusions
regarding the position of the United States in relation to the
world situation.
a. Within the near future, the United States may
be confronted with the demand for a major effort in the
Far East, an effort for which we are not now prepared
and will not be prepared for several years to come. If,
in the near future, we should be confronted with the necessity
of armed opposition to Japan, in the face of the potential
threat in the Atlantic, that effort probably will be
limited to the employment of minor naval surface and air
forces operating from Singapore and Dutch East Indies bases,
plus the interruption of Japanese shipping in the eastern
Pacific.
b. If it develops that the British Fleet is destroyed
or surrendered, from that very day the United States must
within 3 months securely occupy all Atlantic outpost positions
from Bahia in Brazil northward to include Greenland.
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shall that STATE III
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C. At any time from the present moment forward,
the United States may be required to fulfill its com-
mitment for the employment of Naval and Military forces
to prevent German-inspired upsets of Latin American
Governments.
d. In order to safeguard our own security the
United States may at any time, even before the collapse
of the British Fleet, need to occupy preventively Dakar
and the Azores.
e. It appears possible that within a year from
the present time, the United States may be in a posi-
tion requiring the conduct of widespread operations
for the protection of the Western Hemisphere. For the
full accomplishment of such operations, the Army may
need a force of approximately 1,400,000 men, fully
organized, trained, and equipped, and backed up by an
adequate reserve of munitions. The Navy will require
all elements of the U. S. Fleet fully manned, including
Marine Expeditionary Forces of approximately 18,000
men, completely organized local defense forces, and
Naval Transportation Service capable of transporting
Army and Marine Expeditionary Forces and maintaining
the supply of these Forces and the Fleet.
Section II.
The Munitions Situation.
1.
8. From the standpoint of Army forces, our ability
to meet the requirements outlined in paragraph 9 above
is drastically limited by actual and prospective shortages
of military equipment, particularly ammunition. Today we
cannot maintain in combat any balanced military force without
seriously reducing allowances of ammunition required for
the training of National Guard and Selective Service
personnel soon to be brought into service. By reducing
training allowances of ammunition by 50% a balanced force
of one Corps of five Divisions, approximately 55,000
men, can be maintained in the field. On March 31, 1941
the situation will not be greatly improved, due to the
continuing critical insufficiency of ammunition. It will
be somewhat improved by September 30, 1941, on which date
we will be able to maintain in the field a balanced force
of one Army of two Corps of six Divisions, ap proximately
150,000 men. On March 31, 1942 our supply facilities will
be sufficient to meet the requirements of a balanced force
of two Armies of 9 Corps of 27 Infantry Divisions, 4
Armored Divisions and certain GHQ and auxiliary troops,
approximately 1,400,000 men, provided that when the
emergency occurs we sequester all foreign munitions pro-
duction in the United States.
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b. From the standpoint of the Navy, the Fleet is
available for immediate operations except for personnel,
which is inadequate in numbers and training. Within a
short time these deficiencies can be corrected if the Naval
Reserve is called to active duty. Naval Local Defense
Forces can be provided initially from the Fleet until
they can be relieved by conversion and new construction.
The transportation of Army Expeditionary Forces by the
Navy Transportation Service presents a problem of con-
version of passenger vessels which may cause a consider-
able delay in initial movement of troops, and their sub-
sequent support. This can only be avoided by the pre-
paration of Army and Navy transports and suitable passenger
vessels for this task before the necessity for their use
arises. Two special transports with a capacity of 1300
each, will be available for the Fleet Marine Force by
1 November. Two additional special transports for the
Fleet Marine Force will be available by 1 April, 1941.
There are available at this time fully equipped Marine
Expeditionary Forces, including defense battalions, of
about 8,000 men. By March 31, 1941, these forces will
total about 13,000. Additional forces of about 10,000
men can be organized, equipped, and maintained in
combat by March 31, 1942. Ammunition for the Navy
and Marine Corps, supplied by the Army, has priority
over Army requirements, and is being delivered to the
Navy in accordance with its requests. Stocks of
ammunition for the Navy, supplied by the Navy, are
adequate for initial naval operations.
2. The time schedule of requirements covering the current Army
munitions program (excluding aircraft) provides, generally, for
initial equipment for 1,200,000 men, to become available as follows:
a. Antiaircraft and Field Artillery Materiel,
Dec. 31, 1941.
b. Modernization of Ordnance Equipment,
Mar. 31, 1941.
C. Engineer, Chemical Warfare Service,
Medical, and Quartermaster Equipment,
Mar. 31, 1941.
d. Ammunition Production to equal
Expenditure, as stated,
Sept.30, 1941.
e. All others,
June 30, 1941.
3. In the case of Field Artillery and Antiaircraft Materiel,
the above schedule lags six months behind the availability of troops.
The actual production of certain other items, such as height finders,
flank spotting instruments and 37mm guns will probably lag six months
or more behind the schedule.
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4.
No time-requirement objective for definite quantities
of ammunition to be manufactured has been established. Instead, a
monthly production-rate objective, to be reached by September 1941,
has been set up. This rate is based on the minimum monthly expenditure
of ammunition which would occur if a force of 2,000,000 men, including
Air Corps, were in the field on that date. The estimated production
of many types of munitions, as of September 30, 1941, will support
only a portion of such a force; for example:
Caliber 30 ammunition
7-1/2%
Caliber 50 ammunition
5 30,
37 mm
)
60 mm
)
Infantry amunition
75 $
81 mm
)
3" and 90 mm AA ammunition
35 %
Field Artille ry (smaller than
155 mm)
50 %
Incendiary bombs
50 %
In the case of all other Critical Items, the present time-schedule
of requirements for 1,200,000 men provides for delivery as troops
become available. However, in the case of some items probable
deliveries will not meet this objective; - this includes such
items 25 medium and heavy tanks, certain Signal Corps radios,
service gas masks, airplane smoke tanks, and certain fire control
equipment.
5.
The Munitions Policy as set forth by the Office of
the Assistant Secretary of War is as follows: The munitions necessary
to equip a ground army of 1,400,000 men with modern equipment for
training purposes by June 30, 1941, and of 2,000,000 men for train-
ing purposes by September 30, 1941, together with necessary stocks
and production sufficient to support these forces on a combat status
by September 30, 1941 and December 31, 1941, respectively.
6.
The time-schedule of requirements referred to in para-
graph 2 above, which represents a practical maximum effort based on
availability of production facilities, falls far short of meeting
this policy.
7.
The situation with respect to the production and delivery
of sircraft follows:
8. The time schedule of requirements based upon the current
Army objective of 12,884 airplanes, predicted deliveries and prospective
shortages, is as follows:
By 4-1-41
By 10-1-41
By 4-1-42
Objective
6,882
10,430
12,884
Predicted Deliveries
4,757
9,694
12,884
Shortages
2,125
736
00
I
SECRET
b. The above objective, which is closely coordinated
with the pilot training program, is designed to provide 25 combat
groups by April 1, 1941, 41 by October 1, 1941, and 54 by April 1,
1942, with maintenance, spare parts and washout quotas, and the
required training and service units.
C. Deferments in deliveries have resulted in a delay
of from three to eight months in the completion of the previous
5,500 plane program, as evidenced by the fact that there are on
hand only 49 bombers suitable for daylight operations, and but
140 suitable pursuit airplanes. Subsequent to these deferments,
the increased demands of foreign nations plus the augmentation
of Army and Navy programs created a critical situation in the
engine and airframe industry.
d. To meet this situation all interested procuring
agencies, including the National Advisory Commission of National
Defense and the British Purchasing Commission, agreed on July 23,
1940 that the United States production capacity for the period
up to April 1942 would be allocated as follows:
Army
12,884
Navy
6,208
British
14,375
Total
33,467
e. The shortages in the Army share indicated in all above
and a proportional shortage in the Navy's share result from insuffi-
cient production capacity in being, aggravated by the fact that as
of August 31, 1940 there were 7,223 engines under contract for the
Army and Navy combined, whereas British contracts totaled 21,564.
1. A committee was appointed September 13, 1940 by
the Secretary of War to decide matters pertaining to aircraft
standardization and aircraft delivery schedules. The committee
consists of Generals Moore and Brett, U. S. Army, Admiral Towers
and Captain Webster, U. S. Navy, Air Commodore C. B. A. Baker and
Mr. C. A. Fairey of the British Purchasing Commission, and Major
Hopkins, U. S. Army Air Corps. Each group of members is authorized
to act and obligate the agency it represents. Decisions are to be
formulated in collaboration with the Advisory Commission of the
National Defense in order that the Commission can proceed to
establish a firm schedule of deliveries, take full advantage of
additional deliveries and plan for future production capacity.
As a result standardization is being effected. However, satisfactory
delivery schedules, to ameliorate Army shortages have not been form-
ulated due to the refusal of the British members to agree to any
relaxation of the contractual obligations of the engine industry
to the British Government. In addition, no provision has been made
to meet the aircraft requirements of Latin American Republics.
SECRET
- 8 -
SECRET
E. Under existing circumstances it is estimated the
initial quota of modern operating airplanes can be provided
for combat squadrons as follows:
Type
Oct. 1, 1940 April 1, 1941 October 1, 1941 April 1, 1942
Heavy Bomb Sq
6
16
50
57
Medium Bomb Sq
0
13
30
31
Light Bomb Sq
0
6
12
31
Pursuit Sq
5
18
51
73
The above units will be without c. maintenance quota and all
losses must be replaced from current production.
h.
It is evident that the current objective for the
United States should be met and to this end every effort should
be made to obtain adjustments in favor of the United States with
special reference to allocation of engine deliveries.
8. The creation of additional productive capacity to meet
the desired program is conteolled primarily by the available pro-
duction of machine tools. Colonel Burns, in a memorandum to the
Assistant Secretary of War, under date of September 16, analyzed the
machine tool output and concluded that the demand of the United States
and Great Britain for machine tools approximates twice the present supply
per year.
9.
Productive capacity created in the United States by other
powers may contribute to the attainment of our Munitions Policy, provided
that such capacity is created within the United States and that the
capacity so created is based on the menufacture of munitions standardized
for use by the United States Army or Havy.
10. It is evident that rigid control must be exercised over
the allocation of machine tool production and that before any additional
releases are made to any use other than furtherance of the Munitions
Program, that specific approval therefor should be secured by those
in a position to judge the effect of such release on our schedule of
desired production.
11.
The Navy's principal concern in this problem is that
releases of productive capacity to other nations should not result
in curtailing the Navy's present or prospective contractual commit-
ments and the fulfillment of its requirements.
SECRET - 9 -
/ / ROCK THE SEAL is
SECRET
Section III.
Necessary Additions to the National Policy Covering
Release of Munitions and Production Capacity to
Great Britain and Other Nations.
1.
Existing productive capacity for materiel of which
critical shortages exist should be utilized to the maximum through
increased hours and operation of additional shifts.
2.
The present program for expansion of productive facili-
ties should be forcefully expedited with priority given to existing
or prospective bottle-necks.
3.
Capacity engaged in existing foreign orders should not
be disturbed without consent of the government concerned except where
the employment of this productive capacity involves a choke point
such as airplane engines, machine tools, forgings, ammunition, and
fire control equipment.
4.
In the case of choke points, particularly with refer-
ence to machine tools, the capacity available to foreign powers for
use in the United States should be rationed on such a basis as to
avoid ham-stringing the expansion of our own production facilities.
5.
The exportation of machine tools and similar items
affecting productive capacity in the United States should be stopped,
except where specific needs are shown to maintain present British
Empire production.
6.
Plant expansion already financed by the British should
be reserved for their use as long as required by them unless the safety
of the United States compela other action.
7. Foreign purchases of critical and essential items of
munitions should be accommodated to the current procurement program
of the Army and Navy. Special consideration should be given only
to Canada, as materiel furnished to Canada will result in less demand
upon United States forces for defense of Newfoundland and Canada.
8. A committee consisting of appropriate representatives
of the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense,
Treasury, War, and Navy Departments, and vested with authority to
carry out the policies enunciated in paragraphs 1 to 7, inclusive,
should be appointed without delay.
SECRET
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
w Draft 1-4°
11-26-40
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT:
In accordance with your in-
structions attached, I asked General
Marshall for his views on John Winant's
letter proposing that he make an in-
vestigation of English aircraft, etc.
I attach hereto General
Marshall's memorandum.
E.M.N.
YORK
3
ATP
the
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF
WASHINGTON
November 25, 1940.
MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON:
Since Mr. Winant is going to England on other
duties it would seem desirable for him to obtain as much
information as possible. It is suggested that he confer
informally with Generals Lee and Scanlon at our own embassy
and later, if possible, with the Chiefs of Staff of the
British Army and Air Force. Our people would be notified
accordingly. In that way he can obtain an idea of the diffi-
culties the British are encountering which have recently
caused important changes in their organization.
With respect to Mr. Winant's comments, I believe
that our present system is working very effectively, under
which the requirements of the air command are handled by a
Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and transmitted to the Presi-
dent through the Secretary of War in coordination with the
Advisory Committee to the Council of National Defense.
I would like to talk to Mr. Winant before he
leaves, and also to have the results of his observations
on his return.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
10/31/40
MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL WATSON
To nek General Marshall what
he thinks of this.
F. D. R.
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION
WASHINGTON OFFICE
734 JACKSON PLACE
WASHINGTON.D.C.
October 16, 1940
Dear Mr. President:-
When I SAW you last week, we talked for a moment about
avistion. There were some things I wanted to say; but my \p_ointment WELL
to discuss another matter, and the time wills limited. You suggested tant
I night be useful 0.5 an Assistant Secretary of the The Department, but
explained that the bill creating this office 10 still persiang. It
occurred to me timt even in by present position there 10 n service time
could be performed which later might be helpful an relation to the develop-
ment of the defense program.
I wondered if you thought By experience in the field of
avistion we.o limited to my recent trans-Atlantic flights. Actually KV
interest in aviation goos back more than twenty years. In the last or I
went to Paris in the early summer of 1917 where I enlisted as & private in
the Air Service. In time I learned to fly and joined a squadron. After
Chatoau Thierry I WAS promoted to n. captaincy and who given commitd of the
8th Aero Squadron. It was the second Liberty Squadron organized. Te were
attached to the First Division September first 1918 and took art in the
Saint Vihicl drive, I enclose copy of letter to me from General Summerall
acknowledging our service.
The fact that this who the second Liberty Squadron on the
front meant that, in spite of the promises to provide thousands of planes,
We had only thirty-six planes of American mnnufacture in active service by
September first, eighteen months after the declaration of mr.
I remember making is detailed report on the American
DHL plane to ay commanding officer, Colonel Lamb, which recognized the ex-
cellence of the Liberty motor but described the Jane as n. fire trap and
blind. I believe the criticisms were justified na these planes in time
were referred to AS "flaming coffins." Nothing WELD done about -t. The
British Independent Air Force give us anterial to correct some of those
defects.
Production and the organization of the avintion service
in those days was left to the industrialists and the Army and the Navy.
I have tried in the last months to understand the place
of avintion in modern warfere. I believe that the morele of the non in
to
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION
WASHINGTON OFFICE
734 JACKSON PLACE
WASHINGTON,D.C.
the sir force is indisponsable to sound cir defense, I realize, na you said,
that coordination of the services 10 of sajor importance; but 1 also believe
that the our force is e specialized service and timt it has special wants. it
would coom to me that at least n. coordinating officer wiso could transat from
the nar command the needs of the car service to you is necessary an obtaining
n
the must efficient servicing of the nir force.
You have sent officers en engineers to England and elsewhere to
study military development and industrial output in evistion 15 the present
conflict. I would suggest that you have IL civilian study the relationship
of government administration to the military control servicing the Royal Air
Force.
In Gerunny, Coering, the second ranking an in the Reich, 16
responsible for military avintion. The English Air Force has efficient
government representation including en independent A ir Ministry. And yet
I ent to make & distinction between the German and English hir control. The
English have en Air Force. In Germeny evintion is still e service because
of the strong army tradition of the old army. A recruit 10 first broken to
the treditional aray discipline, then made B. pilot; wherena under English
as
training, the men's individuality 18 developed from the beginning of his
training period. The demorelization in a flight when the leader -- knocked
down in German formations, I em told, 10 marked; wheares the British con
carry on AN similar situations without the united setback. Also the hebign-
ments to planes seens more arbitrary in German evistion than in the R.A.F.
which results in less effective toom work. These are simply examples from
present experience that should be noted and understood; has the superior
English aranment for protection and their heaver gunfire. There must be
similar techniques on the government servicing side.
If you want 41 study outlining English experience AD integrating
the civil with the military administration, 1 believe that 1 could secure
this information for you within a reasonably short time while still con-
tinuing ES Director of the international Libor Office; to it 15 necessary
for mo to visit England 40 the near future on By present job. No ennounce-
4
ment would have to be made of the assignment; in fact, such announcement
might complicate ay other duties. A personal lotter from you, however,
would help n. great donl.
Sincerely,
John Glbeit Winant
To the President of the United States
COPY OF LETTER SENT BY MAJOR GENERAL SUNMERALL TO
JOHN G. WINANT COMMANDING OFFICER 8th AERO SUATRON
COPY
Headquarters First Division,
A morican Expeditionary Forces,
France, September 15, 1918
From: Commanding General, First Division
To: Comminiing Officer, 8th Aero Squadron
Subject: Service during operations against St. Nihiel Salient
1. I dosire to express formally end in writing, By thanks
for the valumble assistance rendered by the 8th Observation Squadron
during the recent offensive operations against the St. Miniel Selient,
2, Under most trying wenther conditions the Squadron carried
out with marked courage and devotion its mission, contributing
mtorially to this brilliant success of American Arms.
3. To you and your fine command I desire to convey the thanks
of the Division and myself.
(Signed) C. P. Summerall
Mejor Coneral, U.S.A.
WAR DEPARTMENT
WASHINGTON
file ml wat 1-40 PSF
December 28th, 1940.
MEMORANDUM TO THE PRESIDENT:
I have your memorandum of today's date,
dealing with the Garand rifle and the criticism
that is coming to your attention.
A review of the present situation con-
cerning the Garand rifle will be made without delay
and a report submitted to you.
Robert P. Patterson,
Under Secretary of Mar.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 28, 1940.
MEMORANDUM FOR
THE UNDER SECRETARY OF WAR
I have heard a good deal
of talk about the Garand rifle
and the Spinion of the people
with whom I have talked is that
one or possibly two other fifles
are definitely superior. I
understand the decision was made
and that they are sticking to
their guns and going through with
the present program.
What I wonder is whether
before any additions to this
program are made the whole
subject should not be reviewed.
F. D. R.
LHE MICLE Hones
OF
DEPARTMENT THE HOLDER
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON
December 7, 1940.
I
My dear Mr. President:
RECEIVED
THE WHITE 10 HOUSE 28
I am always butting into matters that, strictly speaking, do
not
concern me. And yet n.s. a member of your Cabinet, I have a general
interest in everything that is of moment to your Administration.
This time I come to you about the Garand rifle. I don't know
anything about rifles except that when you pull the trigger a bullet
will be ejected if the rifle is loaded. But I take some pride in say-
ing that my son Raymond is an expert shot. He has distinguished him-
self at the annual shoots at Camp Perry, and at the moment he holds
the State championships for both New York and New Jersey.
Raymond tells me that the Garand rifle is much inferior to the
one that it is proposed to supplant it with, which I believe is the
Kelly-Springfield. He has shot both of them. He tells me further
that this is not only his opinion but that of practically every other
expert shot with whom he has discussed the matter. I nm given to under-
stand that members of the American Rifle Association, at the very least,
question the usefulness and effectiveness of the Garand as compared with
the Kelly-Springfield.
But here is the rub. The Army has officially adopted the Garand
and the Army doesn't like any question raised as to its infallibility.
The relationship between the expert riflemen in the country, particu-
larly the Rifle Association, is one of almost complete dependence upon
the Army by the others. Therefore, and here again I am merely passing
on what I have been told, criticisms that would be voiced openly
in other circumstances are suppressed.
I had seen some other smoke arising from this smouldering question,
but I don't know anything about it myself. I wonder whether it has
been brought to your attention and whether you think that a group of
experts, not only not connected with the Army but with no fear of
whatever bureaucracy may exist in that excellent department, should be
asked to make an independent study and report.
I understand that the Germans apparently are satisfied with the
efficiency of the Kelly-Springfield or a rifle of similar type.
Sincerely yours,
Secretary of the Interior.
The President,
The White House,
2