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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
foia Number:
2005-0336-F
2005-0336-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: Economic Advisers, Council of
Series:
Bradford, David, Files
Subseries:
Subject Files
OA/ID Number:
07919
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07919-018
Folder Title:
President's Council of Advisers on Science and Technology (PCAST) [Agenda, Notes, Paper titled:
Competitiveness Subcommittee - Outline of the Area]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
13
26
3
3
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
November 18, 1991
fill
FOR Dr. David Bradford
Council of Economic Advisers
Dr. Wong asked me to provide you the attached
agenda and background materials for Thursday's -NOVY
discussion which you'll be attending 2:30-4:00 p.m.
in Dr. Wong's office (Room 428).
In consultation with Dr. Ralph Gomory, chair of
the panel, he thought the attached outline and
TOR would be informative.
Dr. Wong will be back in the office Wednesday, FYI.
all Them
Sally
Sherman
X 3902
PCAST Panel on
Technology, Products, and Manufacturing
SPCAST
November 21, 1991
1. Agenda
12:00-1:15
Organization and Selection of Discussion Topics
1:15-2:00
Working Lunch
2:00-4:00
Panel Discussion and Task Assignment
2. Possible Issues
Technology Issues
Tools and Processes
Development
Deployment
Investment Issues
Surces of Capital
Tax Policy
Management Issues
Organization
Training
Quality
Suppliers
Concurrent Engineering
etc.
08/26/91 16:06 FAX 212 757 5117
ALFRED P. SLOAN
@006/008
ATTACHMENT C
May, 1990
Competitiveness Subcommittee - Outline of the Area
Introduction
To study the aspects of competitiveness in which science, technology and engineering
play a major role and, where appropriate, suggest Federal action that could contribute to
competitiveness.
This subcommittee should stress product competitiveness. It is important to our
country to be "competitive" in basic science or in new technologies such as high temperature
superconductivity, but this subcommittee should relate these areas to product
competitiveness.
When it can the subcommittee should be free to consider the effect of
competitiveness or the lack of it on standard of living and on defense questions.
Elements of competitiveness
Product competitiveness is largely the result of the internal actions of individual
firms. It is a consequence of how well they manufacture, how well they support, use, and
manufacture R&D, how well they train and motivate their employees etc. These factors are
not easily reached by government action. However firms are
also influenced by their surroundings.
Examples of this from the economic arena are cost of capital and tax structure,
particularly depreciation rules and such items as the R&D tax credit.
In the legal area there are the traditional questions relating to anti-trust, as well as
the newer areas of product liability and intellectual property.
But there are other and more technically oriented aspects of the surroundings as well.
08/26/91 16:07 FAX 212 757 5117
ALFRED P. SLOAN
2
I.
Availability in the environment of new scientific and engineering knowledge. This
is the kind of knowledge that historically has launched whole new industries, radically
different materials, or provided new sensors to make possible new instruments etc., etc.
This would include in principle really new processes that would eventually find their way
into manufacturing although this has not been emphasized in the U.S. It is a longstanding
Federal role to contribute here.
Federal Precedents.
Support of Basic Research - ONR, NSF, NIH etc.
Fostering new technologies such as A.I. by support of
university or (small)
company research.
Spinoffs to Industry - NASA
Contributions from Federal Labs - DOE
Support of Consortia for very advanced technology - DARPA
Abroad
Support of Basic Research - Most advanced countries
Fostering new technologies - Japan MITI
Support of Consortia for very advanced technology - Japan MITI, Europe
EUREKA etc.
Contributions from Federal Labs - Japan
Example options
Federal labs take on advanced commercial technology role
Federal support of university-industry interactions.
(centers, fellowships to industry)
П. Environment supportive to Improvement of Existing Product.
This is less a matter of really new scientific knowledge more a question of taking the
next engineering step, a step usually aimed at product. Sometimes it is a question of
adapting existing knowledge to the special product situation or of transferring existing
knowledge to a firm that could use it. Examples would include research on existing process
and manufacturing, or improved materials. Sometimes the availability of special and
extreme instrumentation is useful. Sometimes it is the support of long range projects that
are project oriented but beyond a single firm's economic time horizon.
Federal precedents
NACA
Brookhaven synchrotron radiation
Sematech
NIST technology transfer centers
08/26/91 16:07 FAX 212 757 5117
ALFRED P. SLOAN
008/008
3
DARPA support of Gallium Arsenide
Foreign
Japan - some MITI Consortia
Japan - The role of NTT
Japan - Financial support of key industries
Example options
Support of advanced manufacturing centers
Support of advanced technology consortia
More consistent R&D tax policy. Better Manufacturing depreciation.
Support of travel abroad by small businesses to learn competitive techniques.
III. Availability of Technical Labor Force.
Training and orientation of Scientists and Engineers as well as technically competent
people for a production environment.
Clearly the availability of good people makes a difference. So does thir attitude and
motivation. U.S. attitudes have favored science as high prestige, design engineering as less
prestigious and manufacturing is rarely mentioned. However all branches of technical work are
currently not much sought after. The Federal government has played a role in this training
especially through its connection with research grants and fellowships.
Vocational Training in the U.S. is a low prestige and possibly poor content activity.
Federal Precedents
Fellowships
Grants
Presidential Young investigator awards
Foreign
All major countries send students, graduate students, or postdocs to the U.S. in
addition to funding their own.
Vocational training is sometimes more highly developed.
Example options
Support of changes in the engineering curriculum
Awards "Presidential Manufacturing Fellowship"
Presidential speech including importance of manufacturing excellence.
Study the need for and state of vocational education.
Green Cards for foreign graduates of U.S. Universities.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 12, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR RALPH GOMORY
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST)
FROM:
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Duan
SUBJECT:
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR PCAST PANEL ON
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS
You are requested to establish a PCAST Panel on International Economic
Competitiveness.
The purpose of this Panel is to enable PCAST to advise the President on issues in
science and technology that affect U.S. economic competitiveness and quality of life.
The private sector today is facing severe competition from abroad where vastly
improved industries are emerging even in the most advanced technical areas, and
where the more traditional industries have shown great ability to improve their
manufacturing process and development technologies. Industry abroad is also making
effective use of the high skill level of some of the competitive work forces.
In addition there are foreign government policies closely supportive of emerging and
strategic technologies and designated industries.
While product competitiveness is largely the result of the internal actions of individual
firms, firms are also influenced by their surroundings. Familiar examples of this from
the economic arena are cost of capital and tax structure.
But there are other and more technically oriented aspects of the surroundings as well.
First there is the availability of new scientific and engineering knowledge. This is the
kind of knowledge that historically has launched whole new industries, radically
different materials, or provided new sensors to make possible new instruments, etc. It
is a longstanding Federal role to contribute here and many government agencies have
focused on this.
The Report of the Panel on National Critical Technologies selected 22 technologies
deemed critical to national economic prosperity and to our military security. The
Department of Defense, in its "Critical Technologies Plan" presents dual-purpose
technologies which are adaptable to enhancing the economic competitiveness of the
private sector. The Department of Commerce has issued its "Emerging Technologies
Report" which identifies 12 emerging technologies. Also, the private sector Council on
Competitiveness issued "Gaining New Ground - Technologies Priorities for America's
Future" identifies priorities for enhancing economic competitiveness.
With regard to technologies, President Bush has stated: "If America is to maintain and
strengthen our competitive position, we must continue not only to create new
technologies, but to learn to more effectively translate those technologies in commercial
products."
In addition to new technologies there is a second aspect in the need for improvement of
existing product. This includes research on existing process and manufacturing, or
improved materials. Sometimes the availability of special and extreme instrumentation
is useful. Sometimes it is the support of long range projects beyond a single firm's
economic time horizon. Federal examples include Sematech and Brookhaven
synchrotron light source.
A third competitiveness element is the availability of a technical labor force. This
means vocational training as well as the training of scientists and engineers. To the
extent that other panels do not deal with some aspects of this, I would like this to be
included in the work of his committee.
In the areas of new technology, product improvement, and technical workforce I would
like the Panel to:
0
Report on how best to enhance the partnership between the government
and the private sector aiming at a major improvement in our competitive
position, and
0
Discuss actions that the government and the private sector can take,
together or separately, aimed at enhancing our competitive posture.
The Panel shall submit a preliminary report to the PCAST within 3 months after the
Panel's first meeting.
The Office of the Associate Director for Industrial Technology, Office of Science and
Technology Policy, will sponsor the Panel. Dr. Ralph Gomory will serve as Chairman
and Dr. Harold Shapiro will serve as Vice Chairman. Mr. William Snyder will serve
as the PCAST Secretariat Representative.
Determination
I hereby determine that the formation of the PCAST Panel on International Economic
Competitiveness is in the public interest in connection with the performance of duties
imposed on the Executive Branch by law, and that such duties can best be performed
through the advice and counsel of such a group.
The Terms of Reference for the PCAST Panel on International Economic
Competitiveness include no assignment requiring Panel members to participate
personally and substantially in the conduct of any specific procurement, or place any
member in the position of acting as a "procurement official."
Approved:
DAMan D. Allan Bromley Browley
Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
Jane12,1991
Date
P.CAST
11/12/1/91
manufacturing new technology introduction
Pas. on sit
education
available of new capital
95% of RTD theney is spent in unumfocturing
sectn
quality of the curtsfore
mechanical infratracture: machine tools out f date
tred to facility
productuity
build quality cuta product
design for easy manufation
change in corch behavir
just in time
close relatives with suppliers
-2-
Maleolum Baldrige Award
E ducation
Pay for coop programs
Followships for people to came from industry
t trach,
Trainprope colorane there
Eucourozing company training
Problem in the
Approuticeships cooperative
New technology
Most start-ap companies = spin-offs
SPA : perx can
PCAST Panel on
Technology, Products, and Manufacturing
November 21, 1991
1. Agenda
12:00-1:15 Organization and Selection of Discussion Topics
1:15-2:00
Working Lunch
2:00-4:00
Panel Discussion and Task Assignment
2. Possible Issues
Technology Issues
Tools and Processes
Development
Deployment
Investment Issues
Surces of Capital
Tax Policy
Management Issues
Organization
Training
Quality
Suppliers
Concurrent Engineering
etc.
08/26/81 10:00 ГАЛ 212 101 0117
ALPRED 1
ATTACHMENT C
May, 1990
Competitiveness Subcommittee - Outline of the Area
Introduction
To study the aspects of competitiveness in which science, technology and engineering
play a major role and, where appropriate, suggest Federal action that could contribute to
competitiveness.
This subcommittee should stress product competitiveness. It is important to our
country to be "competitive" in basic science or in new technologies such as high temperature
superconductivity, but this subcommittee should relate these areas to product
competitiveness.
When it can the subcommittee should be free to consider the effect of
competitiveness or the lack of it on standard of living and on defense questions.
Elements of competitiveness
Product competitiveness is largely the result of the internal actions of individual
firms. It is a consequence of how well they manufacture, how well they support, use, and
manufacture R&D, how well they train and motivate their employees etc. These factors are
not easily reached by government action. However firms are
also influenced by their surroundings.
Examples of this from the economic arena are cost of capital and tax structure,
particularly depreciation rules and such items as the R&D tax credit.
In the legal area there are the traditional questions relating to anti-trust, as well as
the newer areas of product liability and intellectual property.
But there are other and more technically oriented aspects of the surroundings as well.
2
I.
Availability in the environment of new scientific and engineering knowledge. This
is the kind of knowledge that historically has launched whole new industries, radically
different materials, or provided new sensors to make possible new instruments etc., etc.
This would include in principle really new processes that would eventually find their way
into manufacturing although this has not been emphasized in the U.S. It is a longstanding
Federal role to contribute here.
Federal Precedents.
Support of Basic Research - ONR, NSF, NIH etc.
Fostering new technologies such as A.I. by support of
university or (small)
company research.
Spinoffs to Industry - NASA
Contributions from Federal Labs - - DOE
Support of Consortia for very advanced technology - - DARPA
Abroad
Support of Basic Research - Most advanced countries
Fostering new technologies - Japan MITI
Support of Consortia for very advanced technology Japan MITI, Europe
EUREKA etc.
Contributions from Federal Labs - - Japan
Example options
Federal labs take on advanced commercial technology role
Federal support of university-industry interactions.
(centers, fellowships to industry)
II. Environment supportive to Improvement of Existing Product.
This is less a matter of really new scientific knowledge more a question of taking the
next engineering step, a step usually aimed at product. Sometimes it is a question of
adapting existing knowledge to the special product situation or of transferring existing
knowledge to a firm that could use it. Examples would include research on existing process
and manufacturing, or improved materials. Sometimes the availability of special and
extreme instrumentation is useful. Sometimes it is the support of long range projects that
are project oriented but beyond a single firm's economic time horizon.
Federal precedents
NACA
Brookhaven synchrotron radiation
Sematech
NIST technology transfer centers
3
DARPA support of Gallium Arsenide
Foreign
Japan - some MITI Consortia
Japan - The role of NTT
Japan - Financial support of key industries
Example options
Support of advanced manufacturing centers
Support of advanced technology consortia
More consistent R&D tax policy. Better Manufacturing depreciation.
Support of travel abroad by small businesses to learn competitive techniques.
III. Availability of Technical Labor Force.
Training and orientation of Scientists and Engineers as well as technically competent
people for a production environment.
Clearly the availability of good people makes a difference. So does thir attitude and
motivation. U.S. attitudes have favored science as high prestige, design engineering as less
prestigious
and manufacturing is rarely mentioned. However all branches of technical work are
currently not much sought after. The Federal government has played a role in this training
especially through its connection with research grants and fellowships.
Vocational Training in the U.S. is a low prestige and possibly poor content activity.
Federal Precedents
Fellowships
Grants
Presidential Young investigator awards
Foreign
All major countries send students, graduate students, or postdocs to the U.S. in
addition to funding their own.
Vocational training is sometimes more highly developed.
Example options
Support of changes in the engineering curriculum
Awards "Presidential Manufacturing Fellowship"
Presidential speech including importance of manufacturing excellence.
Study the need for and state of vocational education.
Green Cards for foreign graduates of U.S. Universities.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 12, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR RALPH GOMORY
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST)
FROM:
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Duan
SUBJECT:
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR PCAST PANEL ON
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS
You are requested to establish a PCAST Panel on International Economic
Competitiveness.
The purpose of this Panel is to enable PCAST to advise the President on issues in
science and technology that affect U.S. economic competitiveness and quality of life.
The private sector today is facing severe competition from abroad where vastly
improved industries are emerging even in the most advanced technical areas, and
where the more traditional industries have shown great ability to improve their
manufacturing process and development technologies. Industry abroad is also making
effective use of the high skill level of some of the competitive work forces.
In addition there are foreign government policies closely supportive of emerging and
strategic technologies and designated industries.
While product competitiveness is largely the result of the internal actions of individual
firms, firms are also influenced by their surroundings. Familiar examples of this from
the economic arena are cost of capital and tax structure.
But there are other and more technically oriented aspects of the surroundings as well.
First there is the availability of new scientific and engineering knowledge. This is the
kind of knowledge that historically has launched whole new industries, radically
different materials, or provided new sensors to make possible new instruments, etc. It
is a longstanding Federal role to contribute here and many government agencies have
focused on this.
The Report of the Panel on National Critical Technologies selected 22 technologies
deemed critical to national economic prosperity and to our military security. The
Department of Defense, in its "Critical Technologies Plan" presents dual-purpose
technologies which are adaptable to enhancing the economic competitiveness of the
private sector. The Department of Commerce has issued its "Emerging Technologies
Report" which identifies 12 emerging technologies. Also, the private sector Council on
Competitiveness issued "Gaining New Ground - Technologies Priorities for America's
Future" identifies priorities for enhancing economic competitiveness.
With regard to technologies, President Bush has stated: "If America is to maintain and
strengthen our competitive position, we must continue not only to create new
technologies, but to learn to more effectively translate those technologies in commercial
products."
In addition to new technologies there is a second aspect in the need for improvement of
existing product. This includes research on existing process and manufacturing, or
improved materials. Sometimes the availability of special and extreme instrumentation
is useful. Sometimes it is the support of long range projects beyond a single firm's
economic time horizon. Federal examples include Sematech and Brookhaven
synchrotron light source.
A third competitiveness element is the availability of a technical labor force. This
means vocational training as well as the training of scientists and engineers. To the
extent that other panels do not deal with some aspects of this, I would like this to be
included in the work of his committee.
In the areas of new technology, product improvement, and technical workforce I would
like the Panel to:
0
Report on how best to enhance the partnership between the government
and the private sector aiming at a major improvement in our competitive
position, and
0
Discuss actions that the government and the private sector can take,
together or separately, aimed at enhancing our competitive posture.
The Panel shall submit a preliminary report to the PCAST within 3 months after the
Panel's first meeting.
The Office of the Associate Director for Industrial Technology, Office of Science and
Technology Policy, will sponsor the Panel. Dr. Ralph Gomory will serve as Chairman
and Dr. Harold Shapiro will serve as Vice Chairman. Mr. William Snyder will serve
as the PCAST Secretariat Representative.
Determination
I hereby determine that the formation of the PCAST Panel on International Economic
Competitiveness is in the public interest in connection with the performance of duties
imposed on the Executive Branch by law, and that such duties can best be performed
through the advice and counsel of such a group.
The Terms of Reference for the PCAST Panel on International Economic
Competitiveness include no assignment requiring Panel members to participate
personally and substantially in the conduct of any specific procurement, or place any
member in the position of acting as a "procurement official."
Approved:
DAMan D. Allan Bromley Kamley
Assistant to the President
for
Science and Technology
Jane12,1991
Date