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John Sununu White House Office Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
1998-0004-F[2]
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: Chief of Staff, White House Office of
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
Subseries:
White House Offices Files
OA/ID Number:
29182
Folder ID Number:
29182-011
Folder Title:
Public Affairs (D. Smith) (1991)
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
15
25
5
6
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Memo
From POTUS to John Sununu
1/3/90
P/2, P/5
Re: Candidate for Communications Job (1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
Open on Expiration of PRA
Subseries:
White House Offices File
(Document Follows)
WHORM Cat.:
By &P (NLGB) on 10/28/05
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE:
1-3-90
FROM THE PRESIDENT
To:
John Sununu
Re: Communiocations Job.
Please discuss with me
Dorrance Smith, producer
of Koppel Show and former
producer of Brinkley show.
has THE seen CHIEF of STAFF
He is long time Republican,
worked in Ford White house, Has done
very well AT ABC, has headed
press advance
is very good.
He would do it, I believe.
gb .
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 13, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR GOVERNOR SUNUNU
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH of
SUBJECT:
Pearl Harbor
Here is a rundown of the network coverage of the President's trip
to Pearl Harbor.
CC: Sig Rogich
Barry Tron
THE CHIEF of STAFF
has seen
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
07-Nov-1991 02:29pm
TO:
Andrew H. Card Jr.
TO:
Katherine L. Super
FROM:
J. Dorrance Smith
Office of Media Affairs
SUBJECT: PEARL HARBOR
ANDY AND KATHY,
I HAVE TOLD CBS AND ABC THAT WE ARE A GO FOR THE INTERVIEWS ON
DECEMBER 7TH.
THEY WILL TAKE PLACE ON THE USS MISSOURI FOLLOWING HIS REMARKS TO
THE WORLD WAR II VETERANS.
THE INTERVIEW WITH CBS WILL BE FOR THEIR PRIME TIME DOCUMENTARY
AND WILL FOCUS ON THE PRESIDENT'S FEELINGS THEN--1941 AND NOW.
THE PRESIDENT WILL BE INTERVIEWD BY CHARLES KURALT AND GENERAL
NORMAN SWARTZKOPF FOR APPROXIMATELY 15 MINUTES. THEY WILL BE IN A
STUDIO IN NEW YORK.
THE INTERVIEW WITH ABC WILL BE LIVE DURING THE HALFTIME OF THE
ARMY-NAVY GAME IN PHILADELPHIA. THAT SHOULD OCCUR AT
APPROXIMATELY 9:45 LOCAL OR 2:45 EASTERN TIME. IN ADDITION TO
AIRING ON THE FULL NETWORK THE INTERVIEW WILL BE ON THE BIG SCREEN
IN VETERANS STADIUM. THE INTERVIEW SHOULD RUN NO LONGER THAN 5
MINUTES. THE INTERVIEWER WILL PROBABLY BE KEITH JACKSON.
ADDITIONALLY THE THREE NETWORKS PLAN TO CARRY LIVE THE EVENTS THAT
TAKE PLACE ON THE ARIZONA MEMORIAL. I THINK WE SHOULD MAKE SURE
THAT THE PRESIDENT'S REMARKS ARE FIT FOR THIS LIVE NATIONAL
COVERAGE. THE NETWORKS WILL PROBALY NOT COVER THE PRESIDENT'S
SPEECH TO THE WWII VETERANS DUE TO CONFLICTS WITH
SPORTING EVENTS.
I NEED SOME GUIDANCE AS TO HOW I SHOULD PROCEED FROM HERE??
The Reagan
Administration:
PROMISES
MADE
PROMISES
KEPT
OF
PRE THE OF STATES THE UNITED
ES
1981
1989
The
White House
Office of
Public Affairs
December,
1988
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I.
Introduction
1
II. Economy
5
tax cuts
5
tax reform
5
controlling Government spending
6
deficit reduction
6
deregulation
6
competitiveness
7
record exports
7
trade policy
7
record expansion
8
declining poverty
8
reduced interest rates
8
slashed inflation
8
job creation
8
minority/women's economic progress
8
quality jobs
9
family/personal income
9
home ownership
9
Misery Index
9
Presidential statements
10
III. The Domestic Agenda
13
the needy
13
education reform
15
health care
15
crime and the judiciary
16
drugs
17
family and traditional values
18
civil rights
19
equity for women
19
environment
20
energy supply
21
transportation
21
immigration reform
22
science and technology
22
space program
23
Presidential statements
24
IV. A Government That Works
27
budget management
27
Social Security
28
Government management
28
Federalism
30
Presidential appointments
30
private sector initiatives
31
privatization
32
Presidential statements
33
V.
Peace and Freedom
35
defense modernization
35
men and women in uniform
36
Strategic Defense Initiative
36
rebuilding alliances
37
U.S.- U.S.S.R. relations
37
arms reductions
37
terrorism
38
support for freedom and democracy
39
progress in resolving regional conflicts
39
Presidential statements
42
VI. Conclusion
45
Introduction
To a few here today this is a solemn and most
momentous occasion, and yet in the history of our
nation it is a commonplace occurrence. The orderly
transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution
routinely takes place, as it has for almost two
centuries, and few of us stop to think how unique we
really are. In the eyes of many in the world, this
every-four-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing
less than a miracle.
[T] his Administration's objective will be a
healthy, vigorous, growing economy that provides
equal opportunities for all Americans, with no
barriers born of bigotry or discrimination. Putting
America back to work means putting all Americans
back to work. Ending inflation means freeing all
Americans from the terror of runaway living costs.
All must share in the productive work of this "new
beginning," and all must share in the bounty of a
revived economy. With the idealism and fair play
which are the core of our system and our strength,
we can have a strong and prosperous America, at
peace with itself and the world.
-- Inaugural address
January 20, 1981
January 20, 1981 was an unusually warm day in Washington.
In fact, the crowd that thronged to the west front of the United
States Capitol was blessed with balmy temperatures and clear
skies as they watched Ronald Wilson Reagan take the oath of
office as the 40th President of the United States of America.
Would the fair weather at the very start of the Reagan
Administration turn out to be a harbinger of good things to come?
Or was it merely the lull before the storm?
That answer was impossible to know in the first weeks of
1981. Indeed, the new President spoke of a "crisis" in America
and "an economic affliction of great proportions.
Of course, only history will judge the legacy of the Reagan
years. At the ground-breaking ceremony for the Ronald Reagan
Presidential Library in the final months of his Administration,
President Reagan noted that only time and study "will allow
scholars of the future to cast their own judgment on these years,
and I would not presume to predict the result of their
- 1 -
researches. But I have to believe that scholars of good will,
upon examining the historical record that will be contained
herein, will judge our efforts well. But as for us, at present
we can only say this: We have done our best, and we pray it has
been enough."
What is the record that history will judge? What was the
best work of his Administration?
This document, written in the final weeks of the Reagan
Administration, provides part of the answer. It touches upon
each of the Reagan Administration's major areas of endeavor --
the economy, domestic issues, Government management and foreign
policy. In this format, of course, it is by no means exhaustive.
The public papers of Ronald Reagan's first year in office run
1,321 pages. Rather, this is an effort to provide an overview of
the Reagan Administration's achievements over its eight years.
Ronald Reagan has been credited with starting a revolution,
a "Reagan Revolution." By whatever name, it is clear that the
Reagan Administration had a sweeping effect on the United States.
This is exactly what Ronald Reagan promised in 1981 when he
raised his right hand, took the oath of office and delivered his
first Inaugural address. Throughout this narrative, each section
of the Reagan record is introduced with a passage from his first
speech to the nation as President. Promises were made in that
speech, and those promises were kept.
The impact of the President's promises and policies are
explored in the following pages, but another impact of the Reagan
Administration is worth noting at the very outset. The Reagan
years fundamentally altered the terms of debate on public policy
in the United States.
Respect for private enterprise, belief in traditional values
and confidence in America's special role in the world were seen
as passe by many of the nation's leaders before the Reagan years.
"Conservative" was considered a negative word by many, sometimes
treated more as a matter of pathology than as a matter of
philosophy. Across eight years, these things changed.
By the end of the 1988 campaign, in both politics and
policy, liberalism -- the "L word" as the President called it --
was no longer unchallenged. By that time, the philosophy of the
Reagan Revolution was firmly established. And the ideas and
policies of the Reagan Administration promised to lead the way in
the next steps forward.
The Reagan Administration started on a warm day in the dead
of winter. It began with hope and the great promise of a "new
beginning" to restore and enhance America. It ended with a clear
record of keeping that promise.
- 2 -
Fair weather at the start was followed by progress through
the storms and challenges of the ensuing eight years. And during
his last campaign swing as President, aides traveling with Ronald
Reagan noticed an interesting phenomenon.
Foul autumn weather hit several of the locations of
President Reagan's final campaign appearances. Yet, time and
again, when Air Force One arrived, the clouds dried and the sky
cleared just long enough for Ronald Reagan's visit. His aides
began calling it "Reagan weather."
Neither his greatest admirers nor his harshest detractors
claimed Ronald Reagan controlled the weather during his
Administration. But perhaps the "Reagan weather" at the start
and close of his Administration is an effective symbol of his
Administration's record and accomplishments.
- 3 -
The Economy
9
These United States are confronted with an economic
affliction of great proportions. We suffer from the
longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in
our national history. It distorts our economic decisions,
penalizes thrift and crushes the struggling young and
the fixed-income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter
the lives of millions of our people.
Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment,
human misery and personal indignity. Those who do
work are denied a fair return for their labor by a
tax system which penalizes successful achievement and
keeps us from maintaining full productivity.
The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over
several decades. They will not go away in days, weeks
or months, but they will go away. They will go away
because we as Americans have the capacity now, as we've
had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to
preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.
-- Inaugural address
January 20, 1981
After reciting the economic maladies that plagued the United
States on the day he took the oath of office, President Reagan's
optimistic prediction that those ills could be cured offered hope
to millions throughout America. President Reagan's confidence in
the American people's ability to make the nation's economy
perform, compete and grow was a welcome change.
Before President Reagan entered the White House, some
predicted that the economy had disintegrated into a permanent
mire of stagnation and inflation -- "stagflation" as it was
termed. Others simply predicted that America would just have to
make do with less while adjusting to an inevitable decline.
Ronald Reagan did not share that gloomy assessment of the
future. Yet the situation in 1980 was grave. President Reagan
inherited an economy twisted in the turmoil of high taxes, high
unemployment, high inflation, high interest rates and low
prospects for improvement. To put this nation's economic house
in order, the President pursued an economic policy designed to
unleash the talents of the American people from Government
hindrance.
Specifically, the goal of President Reagan's economic policy
was to strengthen the free market while providing a supportive
climate for private initiative and individual enterprise, free
from excessive Government tax and regulatory burdens.
- 5 -
To some, the President's plan was so distinctive they came
up with a new name for it: "Reaganomics." In reality, the
President's plan for the nation's renewal was simple: Get the
Government off the backs of the people, out of their pockets and
out of their way. To do this, President Reagan cut taxes,
reduced the rate of growth in Government spending, eliminated
unnecessary regulation and tamed inflation.
The hallmark of Reaganomics was the Economic Recovery Tax
Act of 1981. Fulfilling his campaign pledge to reduce the burden
on American taxpayers, President Reagan won Congressional
approval of an across-the-board cut in marginal tax rates. All
income groups benefited from the same percentage reductions. In
addition, this landmark legislation provided for indexing tax
brackets to the rate of inflation, thus eliminating "bracket
creep,' which allowed an increase in income, such as a
cost-of-living increase in wages, to push a taxpayer into a
higher tax bracket.
Through 1987, the President's tax cuts of 1981 saved the
median-income two-earner American family of four about $9,000 in
taxes from what it would have paid under the 1980 tax laws, given
the actual rates of inflation.
Although President Reagan's initial assault on taxes was
successful as early as the first year of his first term, his
campaign to destroy the old "tax-and-spend" mentality in Congress
continued throughout his eight years in office.
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 gave the United States the lowest
Federal individual and corporate income tax rates of any major
industrialized nation in the world and one of the world's
fairest, most economically favorable tax systems. Thanks to tax
reform, an estimated four million lower-income households were
relieved of their Federal income tax burden entirely.
The top personal tax rate dropped from 70 percent in 1981 to
between 28 and 33 percent in 1988, the lowest rate since 1931.
By the close of the Reagan Administration about 80 percent of all
Americans paid either a flat 15 percent rate or owed no Federal
income tax at all. The top corporate tax rate was down to 34
percent in 1988, the lowest since 1941.
While the President's tax policies stoked an unprecedented
economic recovery, some critics of the Reagan Administration
insisted that those tax policies were responsible for the much
increased Federal deficit. In fact, a closer view of the Reagan
years paints a very different picture. Those who believe that
the cuts in tax rates were responsible for the deficit should
look at the record of Federal receipts and expenditures.
In 1987, tax receipts consumed a higher proportion of GNP
than they did 20 years before, but spending increased at a far
- 6 -
faster rate, piling up the deficit. As President Reagan long
declared, deficit growth is caused by too much spending, not too
little taxing.
Since 1981, total annual revenue paid to the Federal
Government increased by $375 billion. But total annual
expenditures increased by $450 billion. That increase in revenue
was more than adequate to pay for necessary increases in defense
spending -- $140 billion -- but Congress refused to reform
domestic spending. It is true that Congress cut back the
President's defense budget, but not to spare the deficit. In
fact, for every dollar cut from the Administration's defense
requests, Congress added more than two dollars to nondefense
spending.
President Reagan fought to reduce this increased domestic
spending. During the four years of the previous Administration,
Federal spending grew out of control. Between 1977 and 1981,
Federal outlays, in current dollars, grew at an average annual
rate of 13.5 percent, and growth was accelerating. By 1981,
outlays were up 15 percent from the year before. During the
Reagan Administration, growth in spending was brought down
significantly, from 10 percent in 1982 to just over 1 percent in
1987. After adjusting for inflation, Federal spending actually
fell in 1987, for the first time since 1973.
The President pushed ahead with deficit reduction by working
with Congress within the requirements of the Gramm-Rudman-
Hollings Act deficit reduction plan.
President Reagan insisted that the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings law
be followed and its deficit targets met. In fiscal year 1987,
the deficit fell by $71 billion. And, in November 1987, the
President and bipartisan Congressional leaders agreed on a
deficit reduction plan for fiscal years 1988 and 1989. The
agreement met the revised Gramm-Rudman-Hollings targets, provided
for necessary services for the American people and maintained our
national security -- in a way that did not overburden the
taxpayer or damage the economy.
As the President noted in his first Inaugural address, the
heavy hand of Government can be felt in more ways than taxation.
Excessive Government control and unnecessary regulation can also
stifle private initiative and progress. Just as he moved against
overly burdensome taxation, President Reagan fought against
unnecessary Government regulation.
The increasing burden of Federal regulation in the 1970's
added about $1,800 a year to the cost of goods and services
bought by the typical American family. Conversely, the
President's success in accelerating deregulation will result in
dollar savings exceeding $150 billion by the end of the decade,
or over $2,300 for every family in the country.
- 7 -
In fact, under the Reagan Administration, paperwork imposed
by the Federal Government on individuals, businesses and other
levels of Government was cut by 600 million staff hours a year.
That is the equivalent of working every man, woman and child in a
city the size of Galveston, Texas, 24 hours a day, seven days a
week, 52 weeks a year.
As Reaganomics helped the economy, the economy helped
itself. The Reagan years saw American competitiveness rise
sharply. There was significant improvement in manufacturing
productivity, up at an. average annual rate of more than 4.2
percent from 1982 to 1987, more than one and one-half times the
average of the post-war period.
Not surprisingly, economic progress led to concrete results
for American workers. In September 1988, American merchandise
exports hit a record $28.2 billion. From the third quarter of
1986, when the real trade deficit for goods and services peaked,
to the third quarter of 1988, the deficit fell by 37 percent, or
nearly $57 billion. Real exports of goods and services were at a
record high of $510.7 billion in the third quarter of 1988.
Some of the success stemmed from the Administration's demand
for free but fair trade, along with its vigorous efforts to
strengthen international economic policy coordination as a means
of reducing trade imbalances and stabilizing currency exchange
rates.
Because economic opportunities follow from trade expansion,
President Reagan sought to eliminate trade barriers wherever
possible. In 1985, the United States entered into an agreement
with Israel, establishing the first free trade area between the
United States and another country.
In 1986, the Administration played a leading role in
launching the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations
which promise new opportunities for United States exporters,
particularly in agriculture, services, intellectual property,
investment and market access. Trade relations with Mexico were
also substantially improved with a 1987 framework accord. And in
1988, the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement was signed,
providing for the world's largest open market. Annual U.S.
exports to Canada should increase by $2.4 billion. American
households will save between $1 billion and $3.5 billion per year
in lower prices and greater choice for consumers.
The Reagan Administration was the first to investigate
unfair trade cases on its own initiative. Most cases were
successfully resolved without the need for retaliation. The
President retaliated when necessary, however, to make it clear
that unfair restrictions on U.S. imports would be dealt with
forcefully. Active Presidential exercise of laws against unfair
- 8 -
trade led to a record number of market-opening settlements,
moving the world closer to free and fair trade.
With his successful economic policies, President Reagan kept
his Inaugural address promise to promote a "healthy, vigorous,
growing economy." But what did that fulfilled promise mean for
Americans? Quite simply, it meant one of the most remarkable
economic expansions the world has ever known -- a "Reagan
Recovery" that shattered records and touched people
coast-to-coast, across the entire economic spectrum.
Although the policies that fired the Reagan Recovery started
from day one of his Administration with his immediate, temporary
freeze on Federal Government hiring, it took longer to enjoy the
results. Like a great ship that has veered seriously off course,
it took the economy some time to respond to Ronald Reagan's
direction at the helm. But as the economy prospered, poverty
declined. There had been a troubling growth in poverty after
1979, and in 1980 alone, the poverty rate grew by 1.3 percentage
points, the largest recorded one-year increase. Between 1983 and
1987, however, economic growth made it possible for nearly three
million people to climb out of poverty.
By November 1982, there was evidence that the Reagan
economic policies had taken hold, and by November 1988, when the
American people picked George Bush to succeed Ronald Reagan, the
nation was enjoying the longest peacetime economic expansion in
history -- six full years and still going strong. The real gross
national product (the value, after inflation, of all goods and
services produced in the United States) had risen 27 percent
during this period of expansion.
In January 1981, when Ronald Reagan took the oath of office,
the prime rate was a record 21.5 percent. By the time he
approached the end of his term it was less than half of that --
10.5 percent.
The crippling, double-digit inflation rates of 1979 and 1980
were slashed as well. The 1.9 percent increase in consumer
prices in 1986 was the smallest annual increase in more than 20
years. The average annual increase in consumer prices from 1982
through 1987 was a moderate 3.3 percent.
From the beginning of the Reagan expansion in November 1982,
approximately 19 million new jobs were created. The percentage
of working-age Americans employed reached a record level. The
civilian unemployment rate declined more than 5 percentage points
after November 1982 and reached the lowest level in 14 years.
All demographic groups shared the benefits of the "Great
American Job Machine.' By November 1988, employment of blacks
rose 29 percent from November 1982, nearly twice the job gain
- 9 -
rate of whites. The unemployment rate of black youth declined
dramatically. In addition, the share of black families in the
highest income bracket ($50,000 and over) increased by nearly 86
percent during the expansion.
Over half of the new jobs created went to women. A higher
share of the Hispanic population found employment than at any
time since such record keeping began in 1973.
More than 90 percent of the jobs created during the Reagan
expansion were full-time jobs. Over 85 percent of the increase
in full-time employment was in occupations with annual salaries
of $20,000 or more in 1987 dollars. In addition, the percentage
of high-paying jobs in the economy increased.
The median income of families increased in real terms in
each of the five years through 1987. The 1987 level of $30,853
represented real growth of 11.8 percent since 1982. And in 1987
per capita income after inflation ($12,287) was up 16.2 percent
over 1982.
Americans were also better able to realize the great
American dream of owning a home. By the middle of the Reagan
Administration's last year, the National Association of Realtors
"Housing Affordability Index" showed that a family earning the
median income had 111 percent of the income necessary to buy the
median-priced American home. In December 1980, the median-income
family had only 76 percent of the income needed to buy a home.
These were the results of the economic promise President
Reagan made to the nation. By any objective standard, America
was better off at the close of the Reagan Administration than it
was eight years before.
Many may remember a campaign device of the recent past: the
"Misery Index. The sum of the unemployment rate and the
inflation rate, it came to 13.4 in 1976. During that campaign
year, some charged that no one had a right to seek reelection
with a Misery Index that high. Those critics did not talk much
about the Misery Index in 1980 when Ronald Reagan was elected,
because that index had jumped to almost 21 percent under their
leadership. And during the 1988 campaign to succeed President
Reagan, again little was heard of the index because under his
leadership it had dropped to less than 10 percent.
A historic expansion put a record number of Americans to
work. Inflation was cut to one-third of what it was in 1980.
Real family and per capita income rose for five years running to
set an all-time high. The promises were kept. The policies
worked. The progress was real.
- 10 -
PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENTS
"The ultimate objective in everything that we're trying to
do is to give this economy back to the American people,
where it belongs, because they are the most valuable
resource of our nation."
-- May 20, 1981, remarks to the Advertising
Council
"From now on, more of what people earn belongs to them."
-- April 26, 1982, remarks to the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce
"Why is it inflationary if the people keep their own money
and spend it the way they want to and it's not inflationary
if the Government takes it and spends it the way it wants
to?"
-- June 11, 1981, remarks to business and
Government leaders
" [T] his is a tax code designed to take us into a future of
technological invention and economic achievement, one that
will keep America competitive and growing into the 21st
century."
-- October 22, 1986, remarks at the signing
ceremony for the Tax Reform Act
"Deficit reduction is no longer simply our hope and our goal
-- deficit reduction is now the law."
-- December 12, 1985, statement on signing
of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings bill
" [W] ith the right tools and incentives to do the job,
American workers can and will be every bit as skilled,
dedicated and productive as are our German and Japanese
counterparts."
-- April 26, 1982, remarks to the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce
" [T]oday trade is at the core of the alliance [s] that secure
the peace and guarantee our freedom; it is the source of our
prosperity and the path to an even brighter future for
America."
-- November 26, 1988, weekly radio address
"America's challenge for the eighties is to.
.
make
workers and products more competitive in the world market,
to unleash our pioneer spirit of innovation and get this
nation back on the cutting edge of growth."
-- December 9, 1982, remarks at the Senate
majority dinner
- 11 -
"If we can control spending and shave a few points off the
inflation rate, we can do more good for the poor [and] the
elderly
than any package of Federal programs ever
could.
-- March 9, 1981, remarks at the signing
ceremony for FY 1982 budget revisions
"Let me make our goal in this program very clear: jobs,
jobs, jobs and more jobs."
-- September 4, 1981, Labor Day message
[S] ustained, noninflationary growth is the Government's
single best tool for fighting poverty and building a better
life for our nation's families. Low-income whites, blacks
and Hispanics, both children and adults, all have shared
in these gains."
-- July 30, 1987, statement by the President
on poverty and income levels for 1986
- 12 -
The Domestic Agenda
It is time for us to realize that we're too great
a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams. We're not,
as some would have us believe, doomed to an inevitable
decline. I do not believe in a fate that will fall on
us no matter what we do. I do believe in a fate that
will fall on us if we do nothing. So, with all the
creative energy at our command, let us begin an era of
national renewal. Let us renew our determination, our
courage and our strength. And let us renew our faith
and our hope.
Your dreams, your hopes, your goals are going to
be the dreams, the hopes and the goals of this
Administration, so help me God.
We shall reflect the compassion that is so much a
part of your makeup. How can we love our country and
not love our countrymen; and loving them, reach out a
hand when they fall, heal them when they're sick and
provide opportunity to make them self-sufficient so
they will be equal in fact and not just in theory?
-- Inaugural address
January 20, 1981
Today, it may be difficult for many to remember the days
when Americans were told that their nation's greatest days were
in the past, not the future. Leaders then spoke of a "crisis of
confidence" and some spoke of a malaise in the land.
A large part of the "new beginning" promised by candidate
Ronald Reagan in his 1980 campaign was an explicit rejection of
this philosophy of despair and decline. And much of the change
that President Ronald Reagan initiated in 1981 was generated by
his personal belief in the great aspirations of the American
people.
Nowhere was President Reagan's confidence in the American
people clearer than in his domestic policy agenda. On issues
ranging from providing aid to the poor to protecting the unborn
to producing a cleaner environment, the Reagan Administration was
guided by faith in America's traditional values, commitment to
the Constitution and care for future generations.
The Reagan Administration preserved and strengthened the
programs that assisted the truly needy. The Administration's
effort to aid the poor stressed "help" in the best sense of the
word. That meant help not just to subsist on public assistance,
but help to break free from the cycle of poverty.
- 13 -
Programs such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children
(AFDC) ; Women, Infants and Children (WIC) ; Medicaid; food stamps;
and Child Nutrition and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) were
supported with refinements tailored to create incentives for
individuals and families to become self-supporting and to deliver
benefits to the most needy.
Extensive administrative reforms improved efficiency and
ensured that Federal assistance was targeted to those who really
needed help. And in July 1987, President Reagan created the
Interagency Low-Income Opportunity Advisory Board, which helped
states to undertake far-reaching welfare reforms that otherwise
would not have been practicable. This measure made it possible
for more than 25 percent of all AFDC recipients to be involved in
special projects to promote self-sufficiency.
The Family Support Act, signed by the President in October
1988, included some of the most significant changes to the AFDC
program since its creation in 1935. The legislation was a major
step toward the President's goal of strengthening the American
family. Through participation in work, education and training
programs and increased emphasis on child support enforcement, the
Act gave poor Americans the opportunity to escape the trap of
dependency and become self-reliant contributors to American
society.
Clearly the Reagan Administration was committed to helping
the poor escape poverty. Despite all the talk of "cuts," Federal
spending for basic low-income assistance programs rose by more
than $23 billion from the 1981 to the 1987 budget, a 40 percent
increase. Projected spending for fiscal years 1988 and 1989 adds
over $12 billion, for an increase of more than 60 percent during
the Reagan years.
The same was true with housing. By emphasizing the use of
vouchers which those needing assistance could use to pay for the
housing best suited for them, and by improving public housing,
the Reagan Administration increased the number of low-income
households receiving help by more that 1.5 million, to 5.5
million.
The Interagency Council on the Homeless was created to
coordinate Federal programs that help the homeless and to provide
technical assistance to state and local government in their
efforts to address the problem of homelessness. Federal funding
for the homeless was budgeted to be $591 million in 1989.
In the years just before the Reagan Administration policies
were put in place, the percentage of Americans living in poverty
grew alarmingly. In 1979, 11.7 percent were poor. By 1981, 14
percent were living in poverty. Since 1983, 2.8 million
Americans escaped poverty. The poverty rate for Americans over
65 in 1987 dropped to an all-time low of 12.2 percent.
- 14 -
The Reagan Administration recognized that if public
assistance should help the poor today, education should help
prevent poverty tomorrow. Education in America has always been
the primary concern of state and local government, and without
undermining that, the Reagan Administration acted to promote
quality in the nation's schools.
In 1983, President Reagan's National Commission on
Excellence in Education found the United States was "A Nation at
Risk" from declining educational quality. Since that time, the
President made education a high national priority and advanced
far-reaching educational reforms. Included were calls for higher
standards, accountability, merit pay for teachers and principals,
parental choice and schools that instill moral standards.
Magnet schools, for example, were strongly encouraged by the
Reagan Administration and provide a proven success story. During
the Reagan years, 12 states established merit pay or career
ladder programs, with 14 other states considering similar
programs.
The results of these reform efforts were encouraging:
Test scores and the high school graduation rate rose, and more
minority students went to college than ever before. Scholastic
Aptitude Test scores, for example, climbed 14 points after 1981,
compared to a 90-point drop from 1963 to 1980.
America has the best health care delivery system in the
world, but spiraling costs threaten its availability for many.
The Reagan Administration introduced the prospective payment
system for Medicare payments to hospitals. This system, for the
first time, gave hospitals the incentives to keep costs down.
This and other reforms helped to reduce significantly the
rate of health care inflation in the hospital industry, which was
running in double digits in the early 1980's. Similarly, the
Administration proposed reforms to reduce the rate of inflation
in physician expenditures.
Far from cutting benefits, the Reagan Administration took
the lead in achieving a major expansion of coverage in the
Medicare program -- the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act.
First proposed by President Reagan in his 1986 State of the Union
address, this legislation protected older Americans and their
families from the devastating financial losses associated with
catastrophic illness or injury requiring costly acute medical
care.
The Reagan Administration took strong, unprecedented
measures to counter the public health threat posed by the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS). The Reagan Administration committed more than
$5.4 billion since the 1982 budget year to biomedical research,
- 15 -
drug trials, treatment and other measures against HIV and AIDS.
The Administration also moved to tear down regulatory barriers
impeding the expeditious movement of HIV and AIDS drugs, such as
AZT, from laboratory to patient.
In 1987, a Presidential Commission on HIV and AIDS was
established. The President received its report in June 1988.
After a thorough evaluation of the Commission's recommendations
and those of Government agencies and private groups, the Reagan
Administration announced a 10-point plan to advance the battle
against HIV and AIDS. The plan called for actions to ensure
compassion toward those infected with HIV and AIDS, to allow for
their care with dignity and to educate citizens to prevent
further spread of the disease.
Protection from crime is one of the most basic services that
citizens can expect from their Government. The Reagan
Administration worked to improve this vital function.
In 1984, after three years of delay, Congress passed the
President's Comprehensive Crime Control Act, a major reform in
our criminal justice system. Included in the Act were provisions
allowing judges to deny bail to dangerous suspects, restricting
the insanity defense and initiating a comprehensive review of
Federal sentencing. The Act also provided for the seizure of
unlawful assets amassed by drug dealers, mobsters and racketeers.
In addition, the President focused national attention on the
plight of crime victims and made the victim's needs a higher
priority than those of the criminal.
In 1984, the President signed legislation isolating child
pornography as a separate criminal offense. The Administration
created the National Obscenity Enforcement Unit within the
Criminal Division of the Department of Justice as the centerpiece
of a seven-point assault on producers, distributors and retailers
of obscene materials, and on individuals who traffic in child
pornography.
The aggressive anti-crime policies of the Reagan
Administration helped to foster a safer America. The Bureau of
Justice Statistics' National Crime Survey reported that nearly
two million fewer households were hit by crime in 1987 than in
1980. In 1987, for example, 4.6 percent of United States
households had a member victimized by violent crime, compared
with 5.5 percent in 1980.
Firmer laws were just part of the Reagan Administration's
approach to crime. The courts must function properly for the
criminal justice system to operate. In elevating Supreme Court
Justice William Rehnquist to Chief Justice, and appointing Sandra
Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia and Anthony Kennedy to the nation's
highest court, President Reagan selected jurists who shared his
- 16 -
deep commitment to the principle of judicial restraint.
Adherence to this principle guided the President in his
appointments to all levels of the Federal judiciary. With
Reagan-appointed judges making up just over half of the Federal
bench by the close of his Administration, President Reagan
ensured a judicial legacy of faithfulness to the rule of law
reaching far beyond his term in office.
From the first days of his Administration, President Reagan
pursued the goal of eliminating illegal drug use. He developed a
comprehensive national. strategy for attacking the demand and
supply side of the problem of illegal drugs and launched the
National Crusade for a Drug-Free America. Together, President
and Mrs. Reagan set out to change attitudes in the country and
make illegal drug use unacceptable social behavior.
Mrs. Reagan's dedication and leadership in working toward a
drug-free generation resulted in many thousands of young people
following her advice to "just say no." The overall number of
drug users in America declined and the nation even turned the
corner on the use of cocaine. Because of President and Mrs.
Reagan's leadership, there were substantive, positive changes in
Americans' knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding illegal
drug use.
Drug offenses account for the largest single segment of
America's Federal criminal problem. President Reagan led the way
in providing the tools necessary for Federal, state and local law
enforcement agencies and individuals to counter this threat. The
number of Federal drug investigators more than doubled and the
number of Federal prosecutors increased fourfold between 1980 and
1988. With increased enforcement efforts and tougher Federal
judges, convictions doubled and drug seizures rose sharply.
New asset forfeiture laws permitted the seized profits of
drug trafficking to be shared with state and local authorities
who help in Federal law enforcement activities. New money
laundering laws attacked the financial underpinning of drug
trafficking. The number of foreign nations engaged in crop
eradication programs grew from two in 1981 to 23 in 1988. All 50
states also conducted eradication efforts.
The Reagan Administration was the first to declare illegal
drugs a threat to national security, the first to implement a
change in the law allowing the Department of Defense to support
other Federal enforcement efforts and the first to bring the FBI
fully into the fight against drugs. The Administration
instituted drug testing for Government and private sector
employees in safety- and security-related positions throughout
the transportation industry. Federal outlays for drug programs
increased over fivefold while President Reagan was in office.
- 17 -
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act, signed by the President in November
1988, moved the nation even closer to the goal of a drug-free
America. The law established measures to hold the drug user
accountable for his or her behavior. It strengthened the attack
on suppliers by authorizing the death penalty for the most grave
drug crimes. It also established methods to reduce demand by
providing strong civil penalties for illegal drug use, and it
provided resources to state and local government to reduce
waiting lists for drug abuse treatment.
Just as President. Reagan fought to protect citizens from
crime, he also worked to protect the unborn from abortion. The
President was consistently firm in his opposition to abortion.
He successfully pressed Congress to stop the use of Federal funds
to pay for abortions except where the life of the mother would be
endangered.
Under the Reagan Administration, the United States moved to
cut off Federal funding of international organizations that use
abortion as a means of family planning. In 1985, the President
issued regulations protecting handicapped newborns against
discrimination in receiving medical treatment.
In 1987, the President established the Permanent Interagency
Task Force on Adoption which submitted recommendations to
encourage and support adoption, in particular infant adoptions,
as an alternative to abortion, as well as the adoption of
"special needs" children. In the 1990 fiscal year, adoption
assistance benefits will be provided for approximately 43,600
children who would otherwise remain in foster care.
President Reagan also recognized that the protection and
promotion of the family was the best solution to many of the
domestic problems faced by America. In 1986, President Reagan
appointed a White House Working Group on the Family to make
policy recommendations for preserving and improving the quality
of family life in America. In response to the Group's report,
the President signed an Executive Order in 1987 directing that
the autonomy and rights of the family be considered in the
formulation and implementation of policies by Executive
departments and agencies.
Children were a primary concern of the Reagan
Administration. By 1988, the Federal Government was providing
almost $7 billion a year for child care assistance and Head
Start.
Working parents use a wide variety of child care
arrangements, most of them informal. The Reagan Administration
consistently supported child care policies that allowed parents
to choose among diverse child care options, including informal
home-based care and church-operated programs.
- 18 -
The Reagan Administration was also active in the civil
rights field. Under President Reagan's leadership, the Federal
Government asserted its proper role of ensuring that no person is
denied opportunities because of race, sex, religion, national
origin, handicap or other factors irrelevant to character and
ability. In keeping with a consistent application of equal
opportunity principles, the Administration opposed quotas as
merely a new form of discrimination.
The Reagan Administration was vigilant in enforcing civil
rights laws. In fact, President Reagan's Administration equaled
or surpassed the number of civil rights cases filed by any prior
Administration in virtually every enforcement category. Funding
levels for the principal civil rights enforcement agencies were
increased by about 18 percent during the Reagan years.
The Administration played a key role in developing
far-reaching civil rights legislation to strengthen the Fair
Housing Act of 1968. The Fair Housing Amendments Act, signed by
the President in September 1988, for the first time provided
strong Federal enforcement measures against discrimination in
housing. The Act gave the Department of Housing and Urban
Development authority to initiate enforcement actions and to
penalize those who discriminate in the sale, rental or financing
of housing. In addition, the Act added persons with handicaps
and families with children to those protected by Title VIII, the
housing provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
The President pursued, and in 1986 obtained, Senate approval
of the International Convention on Prevention and Punishment of
Genocide. In 1988, implementing legislation was passed to punish
as a Federal crime violence against individuals because they are
part of a group defined by race or religion.
The rights of women received attention during the Reagan
Administration as well. The President appointed a Task Force on
Legal Equity to identify Federal laws and regulations that
contained gender-discriminatory language. More than 120 changes
in these laws and regulations were made as a result.
Child support was another area where the President's efforts
benefited women. A 1984 Administration-proposed law established
more stringent measures for collecting child support payments.
Child support enforcement agencies collected nearly $4 billion in
overdue payments in 1987, more than twice the amount collected in
1980.
The Administration-sponsored Retirement Equity Act of 1984
enhanced and protected the pension benefits of women who take
time out from the labor force to raise families or who work
primarily as homemakers. Among other measures, the Act lowered
the minimum age for participation in pension plans and required
provisions to protect surviving spouses.
- 19 -
Reagan Administration tax code changes of particular benefit
to women included virtually eliminating the estate tax levied on
a surviving spouse, permitting unlimited property transfers
between spouses and allowing spouses with lower earnings and
homemakers with no earned income to make larger Individual
Retirement Account (IRA) contributions.
In protecting the environment, the Reagan Administration
achieved much of significance. Federal research led to a better
understanding of the serious effects of lead on human health and
the Administration took aggressive action to eliminate it from
our air and water.
Superfund, the law which addresses abandoned hazardous waste
sites, was reauthorized under legislation signed by President
Reagan in 1986. Under Superfund, the Federal Government was
committed to spending up to $8.5 billion to clean up these sites.
The reauthorized law strengthened the Government's ability to
compel those parties responsible for contamination at waste sites
to pay for the cleanup. The Superfund program has already
achieved significant results. More than 1,200 emergency cleanup
actions have been undertaken. Work has also begun at more than
800 long-term sites.
The Reagan Administration was the first to establish a
special unit to prosecute criminal polluters. The Environmental
Crimes Section of the Justice Department's Lands and Natural
Resources Division was created in 1983 and achieved unprecedented
success. It brought more than 400 indictments and obtained more
than 300 convictions or guilty pleas, resulting in $12.5 million
in penalties and more than 60 years of actual jail time. The
last three years of the Reagan Administration set all-time
records for environmental cases referred to the Department of
Justice.
Stratospheric ozone depletion was another major concern.
The United States played a leadership role in negotiating the
Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention on the protection of
the ozone layer, which will reduce by as much as 50 percent the
production and use of chemicals known to harm the earth's
stratospheric ozone layer.
The Reagan Administration invested nearly $500 million on
research to improve understanding of the complex issue of acid
rain. The Administration also instituted a $5 billion, five-year
cost sharing program with industry to demonstrate ways to burn
the nation's vast coal resources in an environmentally acceptable
manner. From 1981 to 1987, sulphur dioxide pollution, a
significant part of the acid rain problem, was reduced by 10
percent.
Combating smog, the Administration took strong enforcement
action against cities that failed to comply with air quality
- 20 -
standards. In fact, all air pollutants decreased in the years
following 1981.
The Reagan Administration also improved America's parks and
public lands. The Administration focused Federal resources on
restoring and maintaining the National Parks in its $1 billion
Park Restoration and Improvement Program. The protection of
wilderness lands, including the habitat of America's fish and
wildlife, was advanced by the Administration as well.
Fundamental reforms in Federal water resources policy were
achieved with enactment of the Water Resources Development Act of
1986. This landmark legislation required beneficiaries outside
the Federal Government who enjoy benefits from Army Corps of
Engineers' water projects to help pay the costs.
One of the first subjects to be addressed by the new
Administration was the nation's energy supply. Within a few days
of taking office, the President ordered immediate decontrol of
prices for crude oil and refined products. This was the first
step in a new market-based energy policy which relied on the
American people, not the Government. This policy worked well.
The American consumer spent 20 percent less by the end of the
Reagan Administration on gasoline, in current dollars, than in
1980 and almost 50 percent less in after-inflation dollars.
Decontrol permitted American consumers to benefit from falling
oil and gasoline prices in a freer market and to save more than
$45 billion since 1981.
The Reagan Administration also took steps to protect the
energy independence of the United States. In addition to
reinforcing the nation's use of a variety of energy sources,
including nuclear and alternative energy sources, the Reagan
Administration increased the size of the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve fivefold, from 112 million barrels to over 550 million
barrels. By the end of the Reagan Administration, the Reserve
was sufficiently stocked to provide nearly three months of
protection against the total loss of net petroleum imports. The
Administration led the way in reducing barriers to energy trade,
allowing the United States access to diverse and secure energy
supplies, and encouraging its allies to increase their oil
stockpiles.
Transportation was another important item on the President's
domestic agenda. In 1982, the Reagan Administration proposed,
and Congress enacted, an ambitious and successful program to
finance needed highway construction and repair. At the
President's urging, Congress passed legislation restoring to
states the option to raise the speed limit to 65 m.p.h. on rural
interstate highways.
In 1986, the Administration dramatically restructured the
Federal Government's role in transportation by selling Conrail,
- 21 -
the Government-owned freight railroad, to the public; by selling
the Alaska Railroad to the state of Alaska; and by turning over
the operation of the Washington, D.C. area's National and Dulles
Airports to local government authorities.
The Administration worked vigorously to accelerate
transportation deregulation as permitted by prior legislation.
This resulted in greater availability, better service and
significantly lower costs for consumers.
In addition, one of the earliest challenges for the Reagan
Administration came in the area of transportation. In August
1981, some 10,000 Federal employees belonging to the Professional
Air Traffic Controllers Organization staged a strike in violation
of Federal law in an attempt to paralyze the nation's air traffic
system. President Reagan stood firm in enforcing the law that
forbids strikes by Federal employees. He gave striking
controllers 48 hours to return to work and then began dismissal
proceedings against those who refused. Even with a greatly
reduced workforce, the remaining controllers kept the system
going and the airplanes flying safely.
The Administration also made substantial progress on a $16
billion program to modernize the nation's air traffic control
system by the year 2000, with more than 90 percent of the work
under contract by the end of the Administration.
The earliest stories of American history are tales of
immigrants. And throughout the nation's life, people have looked
up to America from abroad. Recognizing this fact, President
Reagan strongly and successfully urged Congress to pass the
Immigration Reform Act of 1986. The bill provided the most
sweeping changes in our immigration laws in 34 years. It
provided the means to control illegal immigration and legalized
the status of millions of persons who contribute to the United
States economy and society.
President Reagan also focused attention on maintaining the
position of the United States as the world's most fertile soil
for basic science and technology research, as well as innovative
products and processes. The Administration directed fundamental
changes in the management of Federal research and development to
ensure increased commercialization, and ensured that American
bilateral science and technology agreements provide balanced and
equal treatment for American firms, scientists and engineers.
Government and industry spending on research and development rose
72 percent during the Reagan years.
Under the leadership of the Reagan Administration, more than
25 university-based interdisciplinary research centers were
established in engineering, science and technology. These
centers cooperate with industry to promote the long-range
competitiveness of the United States economy.
- 22 -
The President approved construction of the world's largest
and most advanced particle accelerator, the Superconducting Super
Collider, which holds the potential for a new revolution in
science, education, technology and commerce. A site in Texas was
selected in November 1988.
Like all Americans, the President grieved at the loss of the
space shuttle Challenger and its brave crew. But by the close of
the Reagan Administration, America's space program was again
moving steadily ahead. The space shuttle program resumed with
two successful missions to date. Outer planet exploration
continued with the missions of spacecraft such as Pioneer, Venus
and Voyager. And progress continued in the development of a
permanently manned space station.
In addition, the President approved a 15-point commercial
space initiative in February 1988 with three goals: promoting a
strong commercial presence for the United States in space,
ensuring future access to space and building a solid base in
talent and technology.
From the safety net to the space program, remarkable
consistency of policy and principle emerges from a review of
President Reagan's domestic achievements. Faith in the American
people and America's future was always evident.
Although America still faces challenges, few believe they
are insurmountable. Gone is the talk of "malaise." Replacing it
is the sense of confidence gained during the Reagan years.
- 23 -
PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENTS
"Many schools [are] placing a new emphasis on quality and
discipline, more homework, more attention to basic skills,
more attention to what works, that is to results. This [is]
truly revolutionary after two decades in which money had
been the only measure of progress in education.
"
.
-- April 26, 1988, remarks upon receiving the
publication American Education: Making it
Work.
"The Family Support Act says to welfare parents, 'We expect
of you what we expect of ourselves and our own loved ones:
that you will do your share in taking responsibility for
your life and for the lives of the children you bring into
this world.
-- October 13, 1988, remarks at the signing
ceremony for the Family Support Act of
1988
"There are those who will always require help from the rest
of us on a permanent basis, and we'll provide that help. To
those with temporary need, we should have programs that are
aimed at making them self-sufficient as soon as possible."
-- February 26, 1982, remarks at the
Conservative Political Action Conference
Dinner
"Teachers should be paid and promoted on the basis of their
merit and competence. Hard-earned tax dollars should
encourage the best. They have no business rewarding
incompetence and mediocrity."
-- May 21, 1983, remarks at Seton Hall
University
"I believe it's high time we restore a proper balance and
start doing more to protect our law-abiding citizens.
"Lenient judges are only lenient on crooks; they're very
hard on society."
-- March 5, 1984, remarks to the National
League of Cities
"In this crusade, let us not forget who we are. Drug abuse
is a repudiation of everything America is. The
destructiveness and human wreckage mock our heritage."
-- September 14, 1986, address to the nation
"God's greatest gift is human life. we have a sacred
duty to protect the innocent human life of an unborn child." "
-- September 9, 1982, remarks at the Alfred
M. Landon lecture series on public issues
- 24 -
"It is a terrible irony that while some turn to abortion, SO
many others who cannot become parents cry out for children
to adopt. We have room for these children; we can fill the
cradles of those who want a child to love."
-- February 6, 1985, State of the Union
address
"The family is the moral core of our society, the repository
of our values and the preserver of our traditions. the
safe haven where we've taught charity, generosity and love."
-- May 29, 1985, remarks at a rally of
citizens' groups
"Let us reject prejudice, turn our backs on bigotry and
stand shoulder to shoulder for equal rights."
-- March 13, 1984, remarks at the Young
Leadership Conference of the United Jewish
Appeal
"The American ideal is to allow equal opportunity for all,
not to enforce equality of results or outcomes."
-- January 27, 1987, message to Congress
"Preservation of our environment is not a liberal or
conservative challenge, it's common sense. "
-- January 25, 1984, State of the Union
address
"We're advancing on a broad front to ensure that our energy
needs and those of the next generation of Americans are met.
We started with oil control, but we're also taking the
necessary steps to ensure a steady flow of energy from
other sources.'
-- September 3, 1981, remarks to the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
"The space shuttle opened a new era to pursue the many
scientific, educational, industrial and commercial
opportunities of space, and as long as we challenge our
imagination and aim high, there's no end to the potential of
space."
-- July 20, 1984, remarks on 15th anniversary
of the Apollo landing
- 25 -
A Government That Works
It is my intention to curb the size and influence
of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition
of the distinction between the powers granted to the
Federal Government and those reserved to the states or
to the people. All of us need to be reminded that the
Federal Government did not create the states; the states
created the Federal Government.
Now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it's not
my intention to do away with Government. It is rather
to make it work -- work with us, not over us; to stand
by our side, not ride on our back. Government can and
must provide opportunity, not smother it; foster
productivity, not stifle it.
-- Inaugural address
January 20, 1981
Government is the servant of the people, not their master.
Stated so much more eloquently by President Reagan in his first
address as President, this fundamental proposition was the
foundation for much of what commentators call the Reagan
Revolution.
In his campaign and at his Inauguration, Ronald Reagan
promised a leaner, more efficient Government in Washington. His
Administration delivered on that promise, not by demolishing the
Federal Government, but by restoring the roles of private
individuals and state and local authorities. President Reagan
also demanded that where the Federal Government did have a proper
role, it conduct its affairs efficiently.
Two basic principles guided President Reagan in his job as
Chief Executive of the Federal Government. First, President
Reagan worked to instill political, fiscal and administrative
accountability. The President's second guiding principle was
Federalism, or the restoration of the division of governmental
responsibilities between the Federal Government and the states as
intended by the framers of the Constitution.
One critical element in Government accountability is
managing the budget. If Congress does not properly consider and
enact a Federal budget, the Government defaults to a series of
continuing resolutions that lack fiscal discipline and can hide
pork barrel spending. Government managers who need to plan for
the future lack the tools they need when the budget is held
hostage and spending plans change from day to day.
This budgetary neglect by Congress had become commonplace.
In fact, during the first seven years of the Reagan
- 27 -
Administration, only nine of the 91 appropriations bills that
fund the budget reached the President's desk before the beginning
of the fiscal year, and only 37 appropriations bills reached him
at all. Before this year, the President had not been presented a
regular appropriations bill for his signature since December
1985.
In his 1988 State of the Union address, President Reagan set
the stage for an on-time budget. He warned Congress it should
not send him another continuing resolution like the ponderous
edition he received in 1987. And he declared that he would never
again approve such a continuing resolution.
Throughout his Administration, President Reagan demonstrated
his willingness to see nonessential Government services shut down
when appropriations were not provided on time. In 1984, and
again in 1986, the President acted to shut down the Government,
as the law required, when Congress could not complete its
budgetary duties.
In a spirit of cooperation, President Reagan urged Congress
to complete its work on the 1989 budget on time and worked
diligently with Congress toward that goal. As a result, for the
first time in a dozen years, a President received all
appropriations bills on time, within budget and reflecting his
priorities. Only time will tell whether discipline will be
maintained in the future, but the Reagan Administration led the
way to a return of accountability and responsibility in the
budget process.
For many Americans, and particularly the elderly,
accountability and trust in the Federal Government are determined
by its ability to honor its Social Security commitment. In 1982,
Social Security faced bankruptcy despite the huge payroll tax
increases enacted in 1977.
President Reagan's bipartisan commission recommended a
solution. As a result, Social Security's Old Age and Survivors
and Disability programs had a healthy reserve of $58.3 billion at
the end of 1987 and were estimated to grow to $95 billion by the
end of 1988, remaining solvent well into the next century.
Rescuing Social Security was only one of the problems that
plagued the Federal Government before the start of the Reagan
Administration.
President Reagan inherited a Government that was losing
billions of dollars to outdated management practices, including a
hodgepodge of almost 400 accounting systems and 150 different
personnel and payroll systems. There was uncontrolled growth of
the Federal credit portfolio, no effective system for managing a
$2 trillion cash flow and Government productivity was not living
up to its potential in service delivery or cost reduction.
- 28 -
In response to these problems, Reform 88 was conceived in
1981. The President directed an all-out fight against fraud,
waste and abuse; called for building a Government-wide Federal
credit management process; ordered the installation of a
comprehensive financial management system; and introduced
"productivity improvement" as a goal for all Federal agencies.
To assist in the implementation of Reform 88, Ronald Reagan
established the President's Council on Management Improvement in
1984, bringing together senior management executives of 23 of the
largest Federal departments and agencies to help carry out
Government-wide management reform.
The successful completion of Reform 88 resulted in concrete
changes that reduced costs, increased productivity and ensured
quality services for the public. A new cash management system,
for example, reduced funding costs to taxpayers by $4.3 billion
from 1983 to 1988. Federal managers began to take control of
more than a trillion dollars worth of Federal credit programs,
including outstanding loans, guaranteed commitments and loans
from Government enterprises, subjecting them to renewed scrutiny
and improvement.
For the average taxpayer, one of the most frustrating
aspects of dealing with the Government can be the feeling of
inaction and unresponsiveness. In providing basic, everyday
services, the Reagan Administration worked to make the Government
more responsive to its true employers -- the taxpayers.
In 1980, it took seven weeks to get a Social Security card
and 43 days to get a passport. For both services, the Reagan
Administration cut the wait down to 10 days. In 1980, it took 75
days to get an export license. Under the Reagan Administration's
management, the waiting period dropped to 17 days and for some
countries to only five days. In 1980, it took more than 100 days
to process a claim for a Department of Housing and Urban
Development Title I loan. By the close of the Reagan
Administration, it took only 22 days. And in New York there was
a 40 percent decrease in flight delays after the Federal Aviation
Administration inaugurated a plan to improve the use of air
space.
Poor Government management can lead to more than wasted time
and effort. It can promote fraud and deceit. In the first
months of 1981, President Reagan created the President's Council
on Integrity and Efficiency. The Inspectors General of the major
Federal departments and agencies, who made up the Council,
concluded almost 23,000 successful prosecutions of individuals
engaged in criminal activity against the Government. The
Council's aggressive attack on waste and fraud, along with
management reforms, made it possible to net $105 billion in total
savings by the end of 1987. This included recoveries and
restitutions plus avoidance of unnecessary expenditures.
- 29 -
Combating fraud was an ongoing challenge. Pentagon
procurement problems highlighted the need for vigilance in
Government contracting. In 1988, through the vigorous anti-fraud
efforts of the Reagan Administration, a two-year nationwide
investigation brought to light potentially serious new problems
in military procurement which the Administration quickly moved to
address.
Over 950 audit reports were issued by the Department of
Defense's Inspector General between 1982 and 1987, leading to
nearly $10 billion being put to better use. The President's Blue
Ribbon Commission on Defense Management -- the Packard Commission
-- also recommended management improvements at the Pentagon, most
of which have since been implemented.
While President Reagan had a major impact on the practice of
Government, it is equally clear that he had a great influence on
the philosophy of Government. Rejecting the notion of an
all-powerful national Government, the Reagan Administration was
committed to the principles of Federalism and to fostering the
proper role of state and local government, as the framers of the
Constitution intended. President Reagan understood that these
levels of government are more accessible to the people and better
able to respond to local concerns.
In keeping with his desire to return more power and
authority to state and local government, President Reagan
proposed legislation that would require Federalism impact
statements for all legislative and regulatory proposals. Those
statements would outline the probable effects of such proposals
on state and local government. Additionally, the President
issued an Executive Order requiring agencies to consider the
principles of Federalism in formulating all Federal policy,
including administration of existing programs, promulgation of
new regulations and the submission of legislative proposals. For
proposed policies with significant Federalism implications, the
departments and agencies now prepare formal Federalism
Assessments.
Some 60 Federal categorical grant programs were consolidated
into 10 block grants to the states. This resulted in increased
flexibility for the states, enabling them to better meet the
needs of intended beneficiaries.
An administration is not just programs and policies, it is
also the people who implement them. President Reagan paid
special attention to the political appointment process, with
impressive results.
A political appointee's average length of service had
declined in each preceding administration since Eisenhower's,
dropping to less than 24 months. The average length of service
in the Reagan Administration increased dramatically -- by over 50
- 30 -
percent -- to 36 months. Additionally, Ronald Reagan appointed
more women than any President in history, and in 70 instances,
appointed women to high-level positions in which a woman had
never before had the opportunity to serve.
The Reagan Administration also valued the role of the
private sector, both in providing services and promoting
commerce. One major example of the Reagan Administration's use
of public/private sector cooperation was the Administration's
major job training program. The Job Training Partnership Act
(JTPA), enacted in 1982, represented a complete overhaul of
Federal job training activities formerly administered under the
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). JTPA provided
training and job finding services using a decentralized
approach. It gave state and local government the responsibility
and discretion to work with the private sector to train
economically disadvantaged and dislocated workers to meet local
labor market needs.
JTPA basic programs devoted at least 70 percent of their
funds to training, compared to less than 20 percent under CETA.
Where CETA was criticized as a nonproductive "make-work" project,
JTPA's job placement rate was almost double that of CETA.
In addition, President Reagan long believed that private
individuals and organizations can help address public needs,
particularly at the local level. In October 1981, the President
issued an Executive Order creating the President's Task Force on
Private Sector Initiatives. He also established the White House
Office of Private Sector Initiatives to work with the Task Force
to develop and carry out creative private solutions to public
needs. During this effort, the number of partnerships between
schools and local businesses increased from 42,000 in 1982 to
over 140,000 in 1988. The President's Task Force also
established a data network, now managed by United Way, which
catalogs over 3,000 examples of private sector initiatives
programs for duplication by other communities.
The President emphasized his commitment to community
involvement with the establishment of two annual awards programs
to recognize exemplary service: The President's Volunteer Action
Award and the President's Citation Award for Private Sector
Initiative. In gratitude for his leadership in this area,
volunteers created the Ronald Reagan Award for Volunteer
Excellence which will be given annually to the most outstanding
winner of the President's Volunteer Action Award.
The success of his Private Sector Initiatives program at
home attracted the interest of the international community.
Through the support of American corporate and philanthropic
communities, three foreign conferences were held -- an
international conference in Paris, an Italian-American conference
and a British-American conference.
- 31 -
But perhaps the most telling result of the success of the
President's Private Sector Initiatives program is reflected in
the increase in charitable giving. During his Administration,
overall charitable giving increased by over 90 percent to a total
of $93.7 billion.
The Reagan Administration also promoted activities that the
private sector can do better than Government. Through
divestiture, including the sale of the Government's share of
Conrail for almost $1.9 billion, contracting out, vouchers, loan
asset sales and other methods, the Reagan Administration worked
to restore the Federal Government to its proper role by returning
certain functions to the private sector. Such "contracting out"
saved the taxpayers $2.8 billion from 1981 to 1987. The
President's November 1987 Executive Order on contracting holds
the promise of significantly larger savings in the future.
Public opinion polls in 1980 showed that the American people
expected President Reagan to make changes in the operation of the
Federal Government. The record of the Administration proved
their expectation to be correct.
Both in the philosophy and practice of Government, President
Reagan initiated many changes and fulfilled his promises. His
Administration worked to cast the Government in its proper role
while directing it with efficiency and competence.
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PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENTS
"
feeding more dollars to Government is like feeding a
stray pup. It just follows you home and sits on your
doorstep asking for more."
-- March 18, 1982, remarks to the National
Association of Manufacturers
"We promised that we would protect the financial integrity
of social security. We have. We promised that we would
protect beneficiaries against any loss in current benefits.
We have. And we promised to attend to the needs of those
still working, not only those Americans nearing retirement
but young people just entering the labor force. And we've
done that, too.
-- April 20, 1983, remarks at the signing
ceremony for the Social Security Amendment
of 1983
"Keeping the machinery of Government well-oiled and
up-to-date is a difficult and often frustrating task, but it
is absolutely essential if the American people are to have
the quality of Federal services they deserve. .
"
-- February 18, 1988, message on the
management of Government
"Some will also say our states and local communities are not
up to the challenge of a new and creative partnership.
This Administration has faith in state and local governments
and the constitutional balance envisioned by the Founding
Fathers.
"
-- January 26, 1982, State of the Union
address
"I've long believed that state and local governments have a
better chance to be efficient and responsive than does the
Federal bureaucracy. "
-- February 9, 1981, remarks to state
legislators and county executives
"Partnerships produce jobs. The Job Training Partnership
Act gives local government new flexibility, and by using
private industry councils, it matches local needs with
sensible training."
-- March 5, 1984, remarks to the National
League of Cities
- 33 -
"Together, we can bring back the recognition [that]
voluntary action, private initiative, once enjoyed. We will
remind the American people of how good and how great they
really are. And in so doing, we will ensure our inner
strength for generations to come."
-- December 8, 1982, remarks to the
President's Task Force on Private
Sector Initiatives
- 34 -
Peace and Freedom
To those neighbors and allies who share our freedom, we
will strengthen our historic ties and assure them of our
support and firm commitment. We will match loyalty with
loyalty. We will strive for mutually beneficial relations.
As for the enemies of freedom, those who are potential
adversaries, they will be reminded that peace is the highest
aspiration of the American people. We will negotiate for
it, sacrifice for it; we will not surrender for it, now or
ever.
Our reluctance for conflict should not be misjudged as
a failure of will. When action is required to preserve our
national security, we will act. We will maintain sufficient
strength to prevail if need be, knowing that if we do so we
have the best chance of never having to use that strength.
-- Inaugural address
January 20, 1981
Within minutes of assuming the Presidency, Ronald Reagan
made a direct and straightforward commitment to peace through
strength. And consistently throughout his Administration, that
basic principle guided the national defense and foreign policy of
the United States.
After eight years that saw the growth of freedom across the
globe, the virtue of President Reagan's commitment to a strong
America was clear. The Ronald Reagan who strolled Red Square in
1988 with the leader of the Soviet Union was the same Ronald
Reagan who took the oath of office in 1981. Neither the man, nor
his philosophy, had changed. What had changed was Soviet conduct
and respect for America's strength and resolve.
The United States under Ronald Reagan, its might restored,
was able to negotiate from strength. That fundamental pillar of
American policy made possible major achievements in foreign
policy and national defense during the Reagan years.
The President understood and acted upon the simple truth
that before a nation can pursue peace through strength, a nation
must be strong. To make America strong, he restocked the
nation's arsenal by rebuilding and modernizing its strategic and
conventional forces.
Working to redress the dangerous imbalance created by the
unprecedented Soviet buildup of the 1970's, in 1981 the President
began a comprehensive strategic modernization program. This
included modernization of intercontinental and submarine-launched
ballistic missile forces and strategic bomber forces, and
- 35 -
improvement in strategic command, control and communications
systems. In 1983, the President directed an accelerated
investigation of the feasibility of effective strategic defenses
-- the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).
The Reagan Administration's conventional force modernization
program produced a fundamental improvement in the national
defense posture of the United States. Capabilities were
substantially improved by purchasing modern weapons and
equipment, enhancing maintenance and spare parts support, and
increasing force levels. Whether measured by tactical air crew
flying hours, warship steaming days or combat battalion training
rotations, readiness was significantly increased -- in some areas
by as much as 30 percent.
The President's care for the American military was not
limited to nuts and bolts, equipment and material. He did not
forget the men and women who serve the nation in the Armed
Forces.
In 1980, the conventional wisdom seemed to be that the
all-volunteer military was not working. Troop morale was
sagging. President Reagan helped turn that around. By the end
of his Administration, for example, military pay levels were
about 50 percent higher than in 1980.
The President's commitment to America's defenders, plus a
renewed sense of patriotism throughout the country, attracted
substantially more recruits to the Armed Forces. Improvements in
military pay and benefits under the Reagan Administration, along
with efforts to improve the public's perception of military
service, greatly boosted morale. In total, these efforts
provided the nation, once again, with a high-quality fighting
force.
Between 1980 and 1987, the percentage of those enlisting in
the Armed Forces who were high school graduates jumped from 68
percent to 93 percent, and retention of experienced personnel
increased from 55 percent to 65 percent. And all this happened
in the context of a growing economy that was at the same time
producing a record number of jobs in the private sector.
Even as President Reagan did much to rebuild America's
conventional and strategic forces, he also began an historic
effort to protect this nation from the threat of nuclear missile
attack. The President's Strategic Defense Initiative is a
continuing research and technology program to demonstrate, by the
early 1990's, the feasibility of effective defenses against
ballistic missiles for the United States and its allies. The
deployment of a strategic defense offers the best hope for a
safer world, a world where America's security and that of its
allies would no longer rest on deterrence based exclusively on
the threat of retaliation with nuclear weapons, but on defenses
- 36 -
which threaten no one. There has been significant technological
progress in the strategic defense program, holding out even
greater promise for success than originally expected. As the
President has said, "We will research it. We will develop it.
And when it is ready, we will deploy it."
President Reagan also devoted special attention to
rebuilding our alliances with our key partners, the other great
industrial democracies, the Atlantic Community and Japan. By the
close of the Reagan Administration, the United States had
excellent relations with all of its allies. The doubts of the
1970's were replaced by unprecedented strength and unity.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) reached
fundamental consensus on its approach to East-West relations on
issues ranging from arms control to human rights, and moved
toward greater cooperation in addressing problems such as state-
sponsored terrorism and regional conflicts beyond the NATO area.
President Reagan's resolve in holding fast to his national
security strategy created a firmer basis for relations with the
Soviet Union. This strategy of strength helped bring the Soviets
back to the bargaining table and provided the foundation for
successful negotiations. Significant progress in achieving arms
reduction, resolving regional conflicts and promoting human
rights followed from these efforts. The Intermediate Nuclear
Force (INF) Treaty and the Soviet commitment to withdraw from
Afghanistan are two of the outstanding achievements.
But the path to these achievements was sometimes difficult.
In November 1981, the President addressed the nation and the
world via satellite to propose that the United States and the
Soviet Union agree to the elimination of intermediate-range,
land-based missiles. At the time, critics of the President's
"zero-zero" proposal called it unrealistic and claimed it was a
smoke screen to mask opposition to "nuclear freeze" movements
under way in the United States and other Western countries. Yet
the President pressed forward.
As the United States sought to restore credibility to its
foreign policy, President Reagan took a firm stand. The
President held his ground even when Soviet negotiators walked out
of arms talks in Geneva in 1983 over the deployment by the United
States and its allies of INF missiles.
The rapidly changing leadership of the Soviet Union posed
additional problems in the early 1980's. Only after General
Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev took over, at the beginning of
President Reagan's second term, did a significant dialogue begin.
President Reagan held five meetings with Mr. Gorbachev beginning
with the historic meeting in Geneva in November 1985. Their
final meeting took place at Governor's Island, New York, in
December 1988. At each meeting, the President pressed for
- 37 -
progress on the whole of the nation's four-part agenda which
included respect for human rights, resolution of regional
conflicts, expansion of bilateral exchanges and arms reduction.
One of the most important accomplishments was the INF
Treaty, signed at the Washington Summit in December 1987, to
eliminate an entire class of U.S and Soviet intermediate-range
nuclear missiles. The INF Treaty was the first arms control
agreement in history actually to reduce nuclear arsenals, rather
than limit their growth.
Under the INF Treaty, the Soviet Union is required to
destroy almost four times as many weapons systems as the United
States. This agreement provided the most stringent verification
regime in the history of arms control, including on-site
inspection. The actual destruction of the INF missiles began in
September 1988 with completion scheduled by June 1991.
President Reagan made significant progress toward an
equitable and effectively verifiable agreement with the Soviet
Union in the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START). The START
accord would reduce U.S. and Soviet strategic nuclear arsenals by
50 percent. Included in this category are the most dangerous and
destabilizing of all nuclear weapons -- large, intercontinental
ballistic missiles with multiple warheads.
The Reagan Administration also proposed initiatives in the
areas of nuclear weapons testing and confidence-building measures
in Europe, and a comprehensive, effectively verifiable ban on
chemical weapons. Progress was made in each of these areas.
Improvement in America's relationship with the Soviet Union
was a signal achievement, but it represented only one of the
challenges the Reagan Administration faced.
President Reagan recognized that the price of freedom is
great. Few challenges presented more difficulties than
international terrorism. The Reagan Administration faced its
share of tests by this uniquely cruel form of aggression, a
phenomenon dating back decades. Under President Reagan's
leadership, the United States took decisive action against
terrorists and their sponsors.
In October 1985, the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro was
seized by terrorists in the Mediterranean. An American
passenger, wheelchair-bound Leon Klinghoffer, was murdered. The
terrorists subsequently surrendered to authorities. Upon
learning that the terrorists would be flown to freedom, President
Reagan ordered the nation's military forces to intercept the
aircraft in international airspace. The aircraft was diverted to
Italy and the terrorists delivered to Italian custody.
- 38 -
In April 1986, in response to clear evidence of Libyan
involvement in terrorist activity, the United States attacked and
destroyed several terrorist support facilities in Libya.
In 1987, in an important step in allied cooperation, the
United States joined with its European allies in imposing
political and economic sanctions against Syria. Again, these
measures were taken in response to evidence of Syrian involvement
in the failed attempt to destroy an Israeli El Al airliner at
London's Heathrow Airport.
While taking strong action against terrorism, the United
States suffered terrorist attacks as well. One of the most
tragic strikes against the United States was the bombing of the
United States Marine Corps barracks during American participation
in the multinational peacekeeping efforts of the United Nations
in Lebanon. The national sense of mourning over this tragedy
sharpened American resolve to eliminate the scourge of terrorism
worldwide.
President Reagan also displayed leadership in dealing with
what came to be known as the Iran-Contra affair. When it was
revealed by the United States Attorney General that officials of
the National Security Council (NSC) had taken unauthorized
actions, the President moved swiftly to get the facts and share
them with the American people. He requested the appointment of
an independent counsel to investigate the matter and ordered full
cooperation with Congressional inquiries.
In addition, the President appointed a Special Review Board
headed by former Senator John Tower to study the NSC operations
and make recommendations for changes to ensure such action could
not occur again. The NSC was then restored to a position of
respect and effectiveness.
President Reagan was firm in his commitment to assist those
fighting for freedom and independence in their homelands. The
United States supported freedom fighters in regional conflicts
around the globe. And the President's support for freedom paid
off.
In October 1983, at the request of the Organization of
Eastern Caribbean States, combined forces led by the United
States liberated the island nation of Grenada from a brutal
Marxist dictatorship. The troops quickly withdrew after
accomplishing their mission. Free elections followed, which
selected a new, democratic government.
In regional conflicts there were improvements as well. The
Soviets withdrew half their troops from Afghanistan by August 15,
1988 and committed themselves to removing the remainder by
February 15, 1989. In December 1988, the governments of Angola,
Cuba and South Africa reached an accord that promised to remove
- 39 -
the Soviet/Cuban expeditionary force from Angola, in conjunction
with independence for Namibia.
Similarly, Vietnam committed to remove 50,000 troops from
Cambodia by the end of 1988 and conditionally proposed to remove
the remainder by the end of 1989. This was diplomatic progress
that the President welcomed as a step toward his goal of a free
and independent Cambodia.
President Reagan consistently supported and encouraged the
turn to democracy throughout the world. During the Reagan
Administration, governments were elected in free, democratic
elections for the first time in years in such countries as El
Salvador, Honduras, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea,
Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia and Guatemala.
At the end of President Reagan's time in office, 90 percent
of the Latin American population was living under freely elected
governments, compared with 30 percent only a decade before.
A notable exception to the spread of freedom was Nicaragua
under its Marxist Sandinista government, a primary source of
instability in Central America virtually from the time it came to
power in 1979. The Reagan Administration's policy toward the
Sandinistas was clear: diplomatic support for the peace process
along with the leverage to back up this support -- including aid
for the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance.
The Reagan Administration sought an end to Sandinista
support for regional insurgency; an end to Nicaraguan military
ties to Cuba and the Soviet bloc; a reduction in Nicaraguan
military strength to levels consistent with a regional balance of
power; and fulfillment of Sandinista promises of democracy,
respect for human rights and a mixed economy. Unfortunately, the
Sandinistas' conduct made it clear that they would not take steps
in these areas without effective pressure.
The United States cooperated with friendly nations and
committed United States Naval forces in the effort to defend
freedom of navigation and free world interests in the Persian
Gulf. This effort proved successful. In addition, the United
States spearheaded United Nations Security Council Resolution 598
of July 1987, which called for a cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq War.
The cease-fire announced in August 1988 offered the first real
hope for an end to that tragic war.
On September 1, 1982, President Reagan announced a framework
for negotiation of a comprehensive peace between Israel and its
Arab neighbors -- a framework which remains the basis of American
policy. The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty was finalized and the
dispute over Taba, a piece of territory between Egypt and Israel,
was moved to arbitration for resolution.
- 40 -
The Administration stood firm on principle in the Middle
East, insisting that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
accept Israel's right to exist, endorse United Nations Security
Council Resolutions 242 and 338, and renounce terrorism. That
firmness paid off in December 1988 when the PLO finally met these
terms.
Under the Reagan Administration, the United States was in
the forefront of efforts by Western nations to help Africa
alleviate food shortages due to drought, war and poor economic
policies. The Reagan Administration promoted economic reforms
that brought the benefits of investment incentives and free
markets to a number of countries that began their independence
from Marxist or other forms of centralized economies. By the
close of the Reagan years, 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
were registering growth rates averaging four percent.
When President Reagan came to office in 1981, his words of
strength and candor in American defense and foreign policy held
great promise for the United States and the world. And over the
last eight years, the United States has achieved progress on a
scale few thought possible.
The Reagan White House's first official state visitor was
British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Seven years later,
Mrs. Thatcher was President Reagan's last official guest to be
received at the White House. Perhaps her assessment is a fitting
summary of President Reagan's defense and foreign policy record.
Mrs. Thatcher recalled that at their first meeting President
Reagan forecast that the 1980's "would be less dangerous if the
West maintained the strength required for peace." Judging the
record of the Reagan Administration by that measure, Mrs.
Thatcher told the President "thanks to your courage and your
leadership, the fire of individual freedom burns more brightly,
not just in America, not just in the West, but right across the
world."
- 41 -
PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENTS
"Our military strength is a prerequisite to peace, but let
it be clear we maintain this strength in the hope that it
will never be used."
-- June 8, 1982, address before the British
Parliament
"Today, once again, Americans honor those who wear the
uniforms of the United States of America."
-- September 6, 1988, remarks to the American
Legion
"Let me share with you a vision of the future which offers
hope. It is that we embark on a program to counter the
awesome Soviet missile threat with measures that are
defensive."
-- March 23, 1983, address to the nation
"Achievements like [the INF Treaty] are not the result of
wishful thinking, nor are they made more likely by loud
proclamations of a desire for peace. Lasting progress
derives from hardnosed realism, strenuous effort and
firmness of principle."
-- November 4, 1987, United States
Information Agency address to Western
Europe
"Freedom is the recognition that no single person, no single
authority or government has a monopoly on the truth, but
that every individual life is infinitely precious, that
every one of us put on this world has been put there for a
reason and has something to offer."
-- May 31, 1988, remarks at Moscow State
University
"Reasonable strength in and of itself is not bad; it is
honorable when used to maintain peace or defend deeply held
beliefs."
-- June 9, 1982, address before the West
German Parliament
"The security of our country, of course, depends on more
than weapons. We must have the will to meet the challenges
of an adversary who is constantly testing our resolve to
defend our vital national interests."
-- June 20, 1983, remarks at a dinner
honoring Rep. Trent Lott
- 42 -
"Throughout the postwar period, this has always been
America's agenda; that the blessings of peace and freedom we
know so well in this country will someday belong to every
nation, to every people."
-- December 10, 1988, weekly radio address
1.
"I intend to make an all-out diplomatic effort to achieve a
negotiated settlement leading to democracy in Central
America. But success at the negotiating table depends on
continued support for the Nicaraguan Freedom Fighters."
-- January 27, 1988, remarks to the Reserve
Officers Association
- 43 -
Conclusion
We hear much of special interest groups. Well, our
concern must be for a special interest group that has been
too long neglected. It knows no sectional boundaries or
ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party
lines. It is made up of men and women who raise our food,
patrol our streets, man our mines and factories, teach our
children, keep our homes and heal us when we're sick --
professionals, industrialists, shopkeepers, clerks, cabbies
and truck drivers. They are, in short, "We The People,"
this breed called Americans.
-- Inaugural address
January 20, 1981
[B]eing only human, there's a part of me that would
like to take credit for what we've achieved. But tonight,
before we do anything else, let us remember that tribute
really belongs to the 245 million citizens who make up the
greatest and the first three words in our Constitution: "We
The People." It is the American people who endured the
great challenge of lifting us from the depths of national
calamity, renewing our mighty economic strength and leading
the way to restoring our respect in the world. They are an
extraordinary breed we call Americans.
--- Remarks to the 1988
Republican National Convention
August 15, 1988
In many ways, there was a remarkable symmetry in the
beginning and in the end of the Reagan Presidency. Perhaps that
properly reflects the consistency of the Reagan Administration.
As President of the United States, Ronald Reagan delivered on the
commitments he made to the American people.
The record of the Reagan Administration reflects promises
made and promises kept. Reinvigorating the economy, rebuilding
national defense, restoring America's place in the world,
returning traditional values and compassion to domestic policy --
these are the accomplishments of the Reagan Administration.
Even with these achievements, Ronald Reagan recognized that
his Administration was just the start. Indeed, the "new
beginning" was underway by the close of the Reagan
Administration, but as the President acknowledged, much was left
to be done.
Part of the work ahead consisted of particular proposals
from the Reagan agenda still awaiting fulfillment. Every single
year President Reagan held office, he supported a balanced budget
- 45 -
amendment to the Constitution. Just as consistently, Congress
refused to pass this legislation. President Reagan promised to
continue his efforts for this important measure of fiscal
responsibility once he left the White House to become a private
citizen again.
In addition, President Reagan learned first-hand of the
President's desperate need for a line-item veto to cut fat from
the Federal budget. Again Congress denied the President this
important tool, the same tool 43 governors use to control the
budgets of their states. And again, even out of office, the
President promised to maintain his drive for this vital reform.
Finally, President Reagan pledged to campaign once out of
the White House for the repeal of the 22nd Amendment, the
provision of the Constitution that limits a President to two
terms in office. This effort was not in any way self-serving.
Rather, it reflected the President's strong belief that the
American people should be given the most freedom possible in
selecting their national leader.
But perhaps just as important as the specific policy
objectives that remained at the close of the Reagan
Administration was the challenge to keep the progress of the
Reagan years alive and growing.
President Reagan summed up his view of his Administration in
his remarks to the 1988 Republican National Convention: "We are
the change. We rolled up our sleeves and went to work in January
of 1981. We focused on hope, not despair. We challenged the
failed policies of the past because we believed that a society is
great not because of promises made by its Government but only
because of progress made by its people. And that was our
change."
For all these accomplishments, President Reagan also
understood that to continue the progress, the "prairie fire" of
change lit by this Administration must last long beyond his years
in the White House. As the President told the Convention, "we
can never let the fire go out or quit the fight because the
battle is never over. Our freedom must be defended over and over
again -- and then again."
- 46 -
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 23, 1991 31 OCT 23 All : 34
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
Dorrance Smith AS
RE:
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
In answer to your question, the Board members for the Corporation
for Public Broadcasting do not have a say in the program content
but do have a say in programming priorities. The following are the
Board's top three programming priorities: 1) children's
programming 2) news and public affairs and 3) the need for history
on Public TV (Civil War series). These three are the Board's
priorities because of the difficulty in attaining either corporate
or private funding in these areas.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Drawn
WASHINGTON
This
October 9, 1991
01 OCT 9 P5: 37
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH $8
SUBJECT:
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Attached is a fact sheet on the Corporation for Public Broadcasting
and their board of directors which you appoint.
Dorrance
CC: Governor Sununu
Does the Board
Marlin Fitzwater
have any say
on progrems content ??
CB
10-14
10/08/91
16:50
202 3475957
CPB GEN COUNSEL
002
FACT SHEET
Corporation for
Public Broadcasting
NAME
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB)
CPB is governed by a 10-member Board of Directors that sets
policy and establishes programming priorities. Board members--
STATUS
appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and
Private. nonprofit corporation. authorized by the Public
consent of the Senate-come from diverse geographical areas and are
Broadcasting Act of 1967. enacted November 7. 1967, and
eminent in such fields as education, cultural and civic affairs. the
incorporated on March 27, 1968. in the District of Columbia
arts, business, journalism, and broadcasting. Two of the 10
members represent public radio and television.
FUNCTION
CPB is the primary national organization charged with the growth
Chairman: Marshall C. Turner, Jr.
and development of public radio and television in the United States.
CPB's mission is to provide high-quality. educational.
CORPORATE OFFICERS
informational, and cultural programming for all Americans.
Corporate officers are elected by the Board of Directors. Current
officers are:
To fulfill this mission, CPB funds top-quality, diverse, and
innovative radio and television programs for national audiences and
o
President and CEO: Donald E. Ledwig
distributes direct grants for operations and programming to 313
o
Sr. Vice President. Station Relations, and Treasurer:
CPB-supported public radio stations and to 192 public television
Frederick L. DeMarco
grantees operating 340 stations in the U.S. and its territories.
o
Sr. Vice President, Programming: Eugene Katt
Sr. Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary:
Additionally, CPB provides leadership to the public broadcasting
Paul E. Symczak
system through training, technical and regulatory assistance,
o
Vice President-Government Relations: Gerald F. Hogan
system research. and planning.
o
Vice President-Corporate Communications:
Rezunne Weissman
HISTORY
By the mid-1960's, "educational" radio and television stations had
FUNDING SOURCES
sprouted up across the country. Often operated as an adjunct of
o Congressional Appropriations. Funds for CPB are
colleges and universities. educational broadcasting was under-
authorized by the Congress in three-year, advance cycles and are
financed and starved for programming. In 1966, the Camagie
appropriated two years shead of the fiscal year in which they are to
Corporation of New York financed the 15-mamber Carnegia
be spent This advance-year funding is critical to the overall
Commission to assess educational television. identify its potential,
stability of public broadcasting. especially for program planning
and develop 2 blueprint for national growth.
and production
After a year of study, the Commission recommended the
0 Other Grants. Additionally. foundations and other sources
establishment of an institution "to receive and disburse
provide grants to CPB for specific projects which have allowed
governmental and private funds in order to extend and improve
CPB to provide leadership in special nationwide efforts, such as
public television programming." President Lyndon B. Johnson
combating adult illiteracy.
endorsed the idea and presented it to the Congress in February
1967. CPB was authorized November 7. 1967. by the Public
DISTRIBUTION OF CPB FUNDS
Broadcasting Act of 1967. which encouraged the growth and
CPB distributes 95.4 percent of its income in direct support of
development of public radio as well as public television
public broadcasting.
To accomplish the nationwide distribution of programming, CPB
o Grants to Stations. CPB-supported stations receive the
established the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in 1969 and
largest share (some 66 percent of these monies) as Community
National Public Radio (NPR) in 1970. Both PBS and NPR are
Service Grants (CSGs). direct, unrestricted grants for operations
station-owned and -opcrated membership organizations that provide
and program production and acquisition. To qualify for a CSG.
a variety of technical and programming services LO member
public broadcasting stations must hold a noncommercial
stations.
broadcasting license from the FCC (political organizations are not
CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING 901 E Street NW Washington, DC 20004-2006
(202)
879-9600
10/08/91 16:51
202 3475957
CPB GEN COUNSEL
003
SELECTED HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
eligible); employ & minimum of five (radio) or 10 (television) full-
time professional staff: have studio and production facilities for
Date/Year
Event
regular production and broadcast of locally originated programming.
generate minimum nonfederal income ($150,000 for radio.
November 7. 1967
$450,000 for television): maintain a broadcast schedule of a
Public Broadcasting Act
authorizes creation of CPB
prescribed minimum number of hours: and broadcast programs that
meet community needs of an educational, informational. and
March 27, 1968
cultural nature, but do not promote a religious philosophy.
CPB incorporates
o Program Production and Distribution. Another
December 3, 1968
First CPB program grant
23 percent of CPB's funds support radio and television program
($150,000) to Black Journal
production and distribution. CPB supports public radio's and
television's major national series, among them, All Things
November 3, 1969
PBS incorporates, established
Considered and Morning Ediston for radio; and WonderWorks,
by CPB and public TV
Froniline, American Piayhouse, Great Performances, The
licensees
American Experience, and The MacNell/Lehrer Newshour for
unlevision. CPB taps the creadvity and diversity of producers
February 6, 1970
NPR incorporates, established
nationwide by soliciting program proposals from public
by CPB and public radio
broadcasting stations, independent producers, and other production
licensees
companies to present the finest in children's, news and public
affairs, and arts and cultural programming. CPB also serves the
May 3, 1971
All Things Considered,
specialized needs of all Americans through the funding of radio
CPB funded, debuts on NPR
reading services for the print handicapped and closed captioning of
television programs for the hearing impaired.
December 31, 1975
Public Broadcasting Financing
Act of 1975 enacts forward
o
Additional System Support. CPB ensures quality and
funding principle
diversity of the system's programming and personnel by supporting
a variety of education and waining activides. CPB also provides
March 1, 1978
Public TV satellite service begins
technical assistance to public broadcasting through a management
consulting service, publications, and international activiries.
October 1, 1979
Public radio satellite service begins
D Planning and Research. CPB coordinates systemwide
Janauary 1980
CPB Program Fund established
planning and conducts research to help the public broadcasting
for TV
system keep up with changing technology and fluctuating financial
conditions. Areas of investigation have included alternative
March 1981
Annenbcrg/CPB Project established
program delivery systems, audience research. and educational uses
of technology. High on CPB's agenda is working with public
September 9, 1983
MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour.
radio and television in planning for the extension or replacement in
CPB funded, debuts on PBS
1992 of public broadcasting's satellite-based program distribution
system, a role similar to CPB's leadership in planning the original
May 1986
CPB and public TV stations
system in the mid- and late-1970s.
establish Program Challenge
Fund
October 1986
FOR MORE INFORMATION
CPB Radio Program Fund
established
CPB Office of Corporate Communications: (202) 879-9695
April 1991
September 1989
Independent Television Service
incorporates, with CPB funding
- WETA das not
January 1990
CPB implements public radio
expansion plan
automatically have
October 1990
CPB funds replacement satellites for
public radio and television
a spot
- Boaid meets six times per year-
10/08/91 15:14
202 3475957
CPB GEN COUNSEL
002
President Donald Leduig
CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
CHAIRMAN
VICE CHAIRMAN
Mr. Marshall C. Turner, Jr. (1992)*
Ms. Sheila Tate (1996)*
General Partner
President
Taylor & Turner
Powell Tate
220 Montgomery Street
655 15th Street, N.W.
Penthouse 10
Suite 1100
San Francisco, CA 94104
Washington, D.C. 20005
(415) 398-6821
(202) 347-5633
DIRECTORS
Ms. Carolyn R. Bacon (1996)*
Mr. Lloyd Kaiser (1994)*
Executive Director
President
O'Donnell Foundation
QED Communications
1401 Elm Street, Suite 3388
4802 Fifth Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
(214) 698-9915
(412) 622-1310
Ms. Martha Buchanan (1996)*
Ms. Sharon Percy Rockefeller (1992)*
c/o CPB
President and CEO
901 E Street, N.W.
WETA
Washington, D.C. 20004-2006
P.O. Box 2626
(202) 879-9702
Washington, D.C. 20013
(703) 998-2600
Mr. Henry J. Cauthen (1994)*
President
South Carolina Educational
Television Commission
P.O. Drawer L
Columbia, SC 29250
(803) 737-3240
Revised July 1991
*Term Expires
PA-33
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 9, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH As
SUBJECT:
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Attached is a fact sheet on the Corporation for Public Broadcasting
and their board of directors which you appoint.
CC: Governor Sununu
Marlin Fitzwater
10/08/91
16:50
202 3475957
CPB GEN COUNSEL
002
cpb
FACT SHEET
Corporation for
Public Broadcasting
NAME
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB)
CPB is governed by a 10-member Board of Directors that sets
policy and establishes programming priorities. Board members--
STATUS
appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and
Private. nonprofit corporation, authorized by the Public
consent of the Senate-come from diverse geographical areas and are
Broadcasting Act of 1967, enacted November 7. 1967, and
eminent in such fields as education, cultural and civic affairs. the
incorporated on March 27, 1968. in the District of Columbia
arts, business, journalism, and broadcasting. Two of the 10
members represent public radio and television.
FUNCTION
CPB is the primary national organization charged with the growth
Chairman: Marshall C. Turner, Jr.
and development of public radio and television in the United States.
CPB's mission is to provide high-quality. educational.
CORPORATE OFFICERS
informational, and cultural programming for all Americans.
Corporate officers are elected by the Board of Directors. Current
officers are:
To fulfill this mission, CPB funds top-quality, diverse, and
innovative radio and television programs for national audiences and
o
President and CEO: Donald E. Ledwig
distributes direct grants for operations and programming to 313
o
Sr. Vice President, Station Relations, and Treasurer:
CPB-supported public radio stations and to 192 public television
Frederick L. DeMarco
grantees operating 340 stations in the U.S. and its territories.
o
Sr. Vice President, Programming: Eugene Katt
o
Sr. Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary:
Additionally, CPB provides leadership to the public broadcasting
Paul E. Symczak
system through training, technical and regulatory assistance,
o
Vice President-Government Relations: Gerald F. Hogan
system research. and planning.
o Vice President-Corporate Communications:
Rozumne Weissman
HISTORY
By the mid-1960's, "educational" radio and television stations had
FUNDING SOURCES
sprouted up across the country, Often operated as an adjunct of
o Congressional Appropriations. Funds for CPB are
colleges and universities. educational broadcasting was under-
authorized by the Congress in three-year, advance cycles and are
financed and starved for programming. In 1966, the Camagie
appropriated two years shead of the fiscal year in which they are to
Corporation of New York financed the 15-mamber Carnegie
be spent. This advance-year funding is critical to the overall
Commission to assess educational television. identify its potential,
stability of public broadcasting. especially for program planning
and develop a blueprint for national growth.
and production
After a year of study, the Commission recommended the
0 Other Grants. Additionally. foundations and other sources
establishment of an institution "to receive and disburse
provide grants to CPB for specific projects which have allowed
governmental and private funds in order to extend and improve
CPB to provide leadership in special nationwide efforts, such as
public television programming." President Lyndon B. Johnson
combating adult illiteracy.
endorsed the idea and presented it to the Congress in February
1967. CPB was authorized November 7, 1967. by the Public
DISTRIBUTION OF CPB FUNDS
Broadcasting Act of 1967. which encouraged the growth and
CPB distributes 95.4 percent of its income in direct support of
development of public radio as well as public television
public broadcasting.
To accomplish the nationwide distribution of programming, CPB
0 Grants to Stations. CPB-supported stations receive the
established the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in 1969 and
largest share (some 66 percent of these monies) as Community
National Public Radio (NPR) in 1970. Both PBS and NPR are
Service Grants (CSGs). direct, unrestricted grants for operations
station-owned and -opcrated membership organizations that provide
and program production and acquisition. To qualify for a CSG.
a variety of technical and programming services ID member
public broadcasting stations must hold a noncommercial
stations.
broadcasting license from the FCC (political organizations are not
CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING 901
E
Street
NW
Washington, DC 20004-2006
(202)
879-9600
10/08/91 16:51
202 3475957
CPB GEN COUNSEL
003
SELECTED HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
eligible); employ a minimum of five (radio) or 10 (television) full-
time professional staff; have studio and production facilities for
Date/Year
regular production and broadcast of locally originated programming.
Event
generate minimum nonfederal income ($150,000 for radio.
November 7. 1967
$450,000 for television): maintain a broadcast schedule of a
Public Broadcasting Act
prescribed minimum number of hours; and broadcast programs that
authorizes creation of CPB
meet community needs of an educational, informational. and
cultural nature, but do not promote a religious philosophy.
March 27, 1968
CPB incorporates
o Program Production and Distribution. Another
December 3, 1968
First CPB program grant
23 percent of CPB's funds support radio and television program
($150,000) to Black Journal
production and distribution. CPB supports public radio's and
television's major national series, among them, All Things
November 3, 1969
PBS incorporates, established
Considered and Morning Ediston for radio; and WonderWorks,
by CPB and public TV
Froniline, American Playhouse, Great Performances, The
licensees
American Experience, and The MacNelliLehrer Newshour for
unlevision. CPB taps the creadvity and diversity of producers
February 6, 1970
NPR incorporates, established
nationwide by soliciting program proposals from public
by CPB and public radio
broadcasting stations, independent producers, and other production
licensees
companies to present the finest in children's, news and public
affairs, and ares and cultural programming. CPB also serves the
May 3, 1971
All Things Considered,
specialized needs of all Americans through the funding of radio
CPB funded, debuts on NPR
reading services for the print handicapped and closed captioning of
television programs for the hearing impaired.
December 31, 1975
Public Broadcasting Financing
Act of 1975 enacts forward
o Additional System Support. CPB ensures quality and
funding principle
diversity of the system's programming and personnel by supporting
a variety of education and waining activides. CPB also provides
March 1, 1978
Public TV satellite service begins
technical assistance to public broadcasting through a management
consulting service, publications, and international activiries.
October 1, 1979
Public radio satellite service begins
D Planning and Research. CPB coordinates systemwide
Janauary 1980
CPB Program Fund established
planning and conducts research to help the public broadcasting
for TV
system keep up with changing technology and fluctuating financial
conditions. Areas of investigation have included alternative
March 1981
program delivery systems, audience research. and educational uses
Annenbcrg/CPB Project established
of technology. High on CPB's agenda is working with public
September 9, 1983
radio and television in planning for the extension or replacement in
MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour.
1992 of public broadcasting's satellite-based program distribution
CPB funded, debuts on PBS
system, a role similar to CPB's leadership in planning the original
May 1986
system in the mid- and late-1970s.
CPB and public TV stations
establish Program Challenge
Fund
FOR MORE INFORMATION
October 1986
CPB Radio Program Fund
CPB Office of Corporate Communications: (202) 879-9695
established
April 1991
September 1989
Independent Television Service
incorporates, with CPB funding
- WETA dusnot
January 1990
CPB implements public radio
expansion plan
automatically have
October 1990
CPB funds replacement satellites for
public radio and television
a spot
- Boaid meets six times per year-
10/08/91 15:14
202 3475957
CPB GEN COUNSEL
4
002
President CICEO- Donald Leduig
CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
CHAIRMAN
VICE CHAIRMAN
Mr. Marshall C. Turner, Jr. (1992)*
Ms. Sheila Tate (1996)*
General Partner
President
Taylor & Turner
Powell Tate
220 Montgomery Street
655 15th Street, N.W.
Penthouse 10
Suite 1100
San Francisco, CA 94104
Washington, D.C. 20005
(415) 398-6821
(202) 347-5633
DIRECTORS
Ms. Carolyn R. Bacon (1996)*
Mr. Lloyd Kaiser (1994)*
Executive Director
President
O'Donnell Foundation
QED Communications
1401 Elm Street, Suite 3388
4802 Fifth Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
(214) 698-9915
(412) 622-1310
Ms. Martha Buchanan (1996)*
Ms. Sharon Percy Rockefeller (1992)*
c/o CPB
President and CEO
901 E Street, N.W.
WETA
Washington, D.C. 20004-2006
P.O. Box 2626
(202) 879-9702
Washington, D.C. 20013
(703) 998-2600
Mr. Henry J. Cauthen (1994)*
President
South Carolina Educational
Television Commission
P.O. Drawer L
Columbia, SC 29250
(803) 737-3240
Revised July 1991
*Term Expires
PA-33
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 10, 1991
THE CHIEF of STAFF
has seen
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH DS
SUBJECT:
Radio Actualities of Presidential Remarks
The following is a list of your remarks that are made available to
radio stations. The station calls into a telephone line and
records your remarks. We count the number of calls per address and
have listed them below. What we cannot quantify is how much or how
often your remarks are used for broadcast.
Date Up-Down
Actuality
Number of Calls
7/1-7/2
Thomas Nomination
701
7/3-7/5
500th Point of Light/
863
Fourth of July Message
7/8-7/9
New American Schools
471
Development Corp/Judge Thomas
7/9-7/10
Defense Bill/Gulf Aftermath
636
7/10-7/16
Lift South African Sanctions
706
7/17-7/18
START Agreement/Moscow Summit
325
7/18-7/19
Greece/Cyprus Problem
556
7/24-7/25
Energy Strategy
524
7/25-7/26
Antioch Speech/Mideast
637
7/26-7/29
ADA Anniversary
1019
7/30-7/31
Summit/Inst. For International
446
Relations
7/31-8/1
START Signing
514
8/1-8/2
Ukrainian Legislature
657
8/5-8/6
Domestic Agenda
847
8/6-8/8
DEA/Thomas Nomination
1467
8/13-8/14
Hostages/Support for
562
Perez de Cuellar
8/14-8/16
Pittsburgh/Hostages, Thomas
918
Crime Bill
8/19-8/20
Gorbachev Removal/News Conference 1023
8/20-8/21
Strauss/News Conference
1418
SUBJECT: Radio Actualities of Presidential Remarks
PAGE TWO
Date Up-Down
Actuality
Number of Calls
8/21-8/21
Soviet Coup/News Conference
72
8/21-8/22
Soviet Coup/Talk with Gorbachev
1112
8/22-8/26
Post Coup/Lift Economic
2052
Assistance
8/29-8/30
News Conference with Prime
1266
Minister Major
9/3-9/4
Education/Lewiston
622
9/6-9/6
Townships Speech
204
9/6-9/11
Thomas
4470
9/11-9/12
Baltic Leaders
570
9/12-9/13
Statement at News Conference
410
9/13-9/16
Thomas/Gates Plug
1850
9/18-9/19
Environment/Grand Canyon
534
9/23-9/24
U.N. Address
500
9/27-9/28
Defense Policy
315
9/28-9/30
Community of Light
620
9/30-10/1
Points of Light/Orlando
718
10/1-10/2
Education Address
793
10/2-10/3
Crime Stoppers
806
We will continue to monitor the number of calls received per radio
address.
CC: Governor Sununu
Marlin Fitzwater
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 24, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR GOVERNOR SUNUNU
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH DS
SUBJECT:
"Heroes of Desert Storm"
Attached is the legal "qualified OK" for the Heroes of Desert Storm
taping -- plus the President's copy.
THE has seen and approved
CHIEF of STAFF
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
02. Memo
From Gregory Walden to Dorrance Smith
9/24/91
P.S, (b)(6)
Re: President's Participation in "Heroes of the Storm" [FOIA
RESTRICTIONS REDACTED] (2 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Document Partially Declassified
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
(Copy of Document Follows)
Subseries:
White House Offices File
By Ip (NLGB) on 10/28/05
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 24, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR DORRANCE SMITH
FROM:
GREGREGORY S. WALDEN
SUBJECT:
President's participation in "Heroes of the Storm"
Under longstanding policy, the White House does not permit the
use of the President's image or name in connection with a
commercial enterprise. This policy is intended to maintain the
integrity and reputation of the Presidency but also to avoid the
President's association with one private entity to the exclusion
of others.
On the other hand, we are not concerned with the President's
appearance on news programs, even though they are produced by
profit-making companies and the President's appearance may
increase ratings and bring in additional ad revenue, because the
President's involvement is not reasonably seen as an endorsement
of the news program or the station or network.
This case presents a gray area, as you have acknowledged. The
subject of the docu-drama is the heroism of ordinary Americans
during Desert Storm, a subject that is obviously newsworthy and a
subject previously and often addressed by the President
officially. The proposed statement is entirely consistent with
his public and official pronouncements, and reads to me as if it
were adapted from an official speech. Thus, there is no risk
that the President will be seen endorsing a product or a network
in the short time he appears.
On the other hand, you should assume that the President will be
linked to the rest of the docu-drama, especially if the President
is seen as introducing the program. I am not the best judge of
whether the rest of the docu-drama in any way could impair the
integrity of the Presidency, because of its content or the
quality of the dramatization. I am not familiar with any
previous participation of a sitting President in a television
story of historical fiction. If the program stumbles,
(6)(6)
2
(b)(6)
Finally, the proposal to syndicate this program, perhaps to
overseas networks, gives me some additional concern.
We should obtain an understanding from the producer that the
President will not be featured in promotional materials for the
show or used in any way to market the program in syndication.
The President's involvement (beyond his mere appearance) should
not be used commercially, plain and simple. If the producer
wishes simply to list the President's involvement in a television
listing, I believe we ought to review such a listing in advance.
271643SS
Document No.
WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM
9/24/91
----
DATE:
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY:
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: "HEROES OF DESERT STORM" VIDEOTAPING SCRIPT
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1991
SUBJECT:
2:00PM
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
HORNER
SUNUNU
MCCLURE
SCOWCROFT
PETERSMEYER
DARMAN
PORTER
>
BRADY
ROGICH
BROMLEY
SMITH
SNOW
CARD
DEMAREST
FITZWATER
>
GRAY
HOLIDAY
REMARKS:
The attached has been forwarded to the President.
RESPONSE:
PHILLIP D. BRADY
Assistant to the President
and Staff Secretary
Ext. 2702
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
01 SEP 23 P5: 44
September 23, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
Dorrance Smith Job
Assistant to the President for Media Affairs
SUBJECT:
"Heroes of Desert Storm" Videotaping Script
Attached is the proposed video script for the taping of your
introductory remarks for the primetime television film, "Heroes of
Desert Storm" at 2:00 p.m. on Wednesday, September 25th, 1991 in
the Map Room. The script, which you will read from a teleprompter,
is approximately 45 seconds in length.
This primetime tribute is scheduled to air on Sunday, October 6th,
1991. "Heroes of Desert Storm" is a tribute to the men and women
of the Armed Forces who performed valiantly during the war.
(Media Affairs)
September 23, 1991
Draft Three
PRESIDENTIAL VIDEO SCRIPT: DESERT STORM
SEPTEMBER 25, 1991
Americans have always looked to the family as the building
block of our nation. Not just our inner circle, but all our
fellow citizens. And while we pray this family will always be at
peace, tragically there are times we're forced to war. For over
two hundred years Americans have stepped forward to defend the
principles we hold dear -- principles like freedom, democracy and
justice. The names of the great battles resonate through our
history: New Orleans. Bastogne. Inchon. Normandy. We
remember, too, those who led us in time of war: Washington and
Andrew Jackson, U.S. Grant and Robert E. Lee, Eisenhower and
MacArthur. But the heroes of war are not just great leaders
recorded by historians. Greatness is also in the hearts of every
man or woman who is prepared to give "that last full measure of
devotion" in the cause of principle. It could be a brother or a
sister, a parent, a son or daughter
our neighbors
These are the American heroes
of our time.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
03. Memo
From Dorrance Smith to John Sununu
7/29/91
PS
Re: National Sports Awards (1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Open on Expiration of PRA
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
(Document Follows)
Subseries:
White House Offices File
By of (NLGB) on 10/28/05
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
9/13 byghone indor't
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 29, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR GOVERNOR SUNUNU
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH D8
This proposal is in its embryonic stages. It's a bit of the old
chicken and egg. With the President on board they'll fly. Without
him, it's doubtful.
I'd support doing this. The Kennedy Center Honors has always been
a class act. Sports is a natural fit for the President. The
timing is perfect. I trust George Stevens, Jr. who is highly
regarded.
07/29/91 12 32
202 296 8344
GEORGE STEVENS
002
GEORGE STEVENS PRODUCTIONS
July 29, 1991
MEMORANDUM
TO:
Dorrance Smith
FROM:
George Stevens, Jr.
RE:
National Sports Awards
Since we spoke the Smithsonian Institution has responded en-
thusiastically to the Idea- of an annual exhibition for the public
at the Museum of American History centered on the National
Sports Awards.
GS:tmf
GEORGE STEVENS PRODUCTIONS
July 24, 1991
MEMORANDUM
TO:
Dorrance Smith
FROM:
George Stevens, Jr. MS8
RE:
National Sports Awards
I am enclosing a memorandum outlining The National Sports
Awards.
The program will be similar to the Kennedy Center Honors
in terms of taste, quality and a sense of national purpose, but
it will be distinct and exciting because of America's achieve-
ments in sports being at the center of it.
Naturally, the participation of the President would invest the
Awards with a great sense of national significance.
I would be happy to work with you on various elements of the
project to be sensitive to any concerns of the White House. If
it seems desirable and appropriate we would submit a selection
of charities to benefit from the project and let the final choice
be designated by the President.
I foresee the timing of the first National Sports Awards being
in May or June of 1992. You can be sure that if the President
chooses to participate we will make certain that the event is
one of great distinction that will justify his involvement.
Please call if you have any questions.
THE NATIONAL SPORTS AWARDS
A national honors program to pay tribute to American athletes whose prowess and
achievements during a career in sports have contributed to the life of their country.
Special consideration in selection will be given to those who have used their
talents to contribute to the community.
Each year up to five individuals will be selected by the National
Sports Awards Executive Committee based on the stated criteria
and on recommendations from sports writers and historians.
An honors ceremony will be held each year in Washington presided
over by the President of the United States at which leaders from
the sports world, government and business will gather to celebrate
the careers and activities of the honored athletes.
The program will be telecast so that the American public can be
party to the ceremonies and share the spirit of the high achievement
of the honored athletes.
Funds will be raised for private initiative programs to create
opportunities for young athletes, to provide assistance to
retired athletes and to foster the ideals embodied in the
National Sports Awards. The President will be invited to
designate the specific charity or charities.
A special exhibition honoring America's greatest athletes will be
mounted each year for viewing by the American public at the Smithsonian
or another museum to celebrate the careers of the honored athletes.
GEORGE STEVENS, JR.
The National Sports Awards will be produced by George Stevens, Jr.
who has been honored with six Emmys and two Peabody Awards for
Outstanding Program Achievement for such productions as "The
Kennedy Center Honors," "The American Film Institute Life Achievement
Awards" and "The Murder of Mary Phagan." Mr. Stevens is the Founder
of the American Film Institute, a writer, producer and director of films
and television programs.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
04. Memo
From Dorrance Smith to John Sununu
9/6/91
PS
Re: NPR (1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Open on Expiration of PRA
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
(Document Follows)
Subseries:
White House Offices File
By V (NLGB) on 10/28/05
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 9, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR GOVERNOR SUNUNU
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH of
SUBJECT;
NPR
BACKGROUND: In the 1970's, NPR grew out of a rag tag group of
college radio stations and municipally owned stationed. They
modeled themselves after the BBC.
LIBERAL BENT: The modern left of center stamp was molded by Robert
Kennedy's media man, Frank Mankiewicz. He hired a Who's Who of
liberals who constitute the "voices" of the radio. They include:
Cokie Roberts, Congressional Correspondent
Daughter of Hale and Lindy Boggs
Linda Wertheimer, "All Things Considered"
Married to Common Cause Head Fred Wertheimer
Nina Totenberg, Legal Affairs Correspondent
Married to former Senator Floyd Haskell (D-Colorado)
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., NPR Vice President
Son of the Harlem Congressman
Douglas Bennet, President
Former Director of AID during Carter Administration
The net effect and general attitude of NPR is anti-Administration.
I'd call them contrarian by nature. This manifests itself mostly
in the analytical parts of their popular "Morning Edition" and "All
Things Considered." Their general news event coverage is pretty
straight forward.
FINANCING:
* Annual Budget $14 Million
* 1/3 Private, Foundation and Corporate Donations
* 2/3 Fees collected from Local Affiliates, only
15% of that station money consists of passed along
Federal funds
*
NPR receives no money from advertising -- is a non-
profit organization
*
NPR receives grants from the Corporation for Public
Broadcasting. These monies are earmarked for National
Programming.
DUN AND BRADSTREET REPORT ON NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO
COPYRIGHT 1991 D&B INC. PROVIDED UNDER CONTRACT
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUBSCRIBER 061-008678L.
*IN DATE*
Statement Date: SEP 30 1990
DUNS: 05-338-7221
DATE PRINTED
SUMMARY
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
SEP 06 1991
RATING
ER3
2025 M ST NW
MEMBERSHIP
STARTED
1970
AND BRANCH(ES) OR DIVISION(S)
ORGAINZATION, NON
PAYMENTS SEE BELOW
WASHINGTON DC 20036
PROFIT
SALES F $23,672,785
TEL: 202 822-2000
SIC NO.
WORTH F $10,794,276
86 21
EMPLOYS
442(421 HERE)
HISTORY
CLEAR
FINANCIAL
CONDITION FAIR
CHIEF EXECUTIVE: DOUGLAS J BENNET, PRES
PAYMENTS (Amounts may be rounded to nearest figure in prescribed ranges)
REPORTED PAYING
HIGH
NOW
PAST
SELLING
LAST SALE
RECORD
CREDIT
OWES
DUE
TERMS
WITHIN
08/91
Ppt
1000
50
-0-
N30
1 Mo
Ppt
1000
1000
-0-
N15
1 Mo
Ppt
250
-0-
-0-
2-3 Mos
Ppt
100
100
-0-
1 Mo
Ppt
100
-0-
-0-
2-3 Mos
Ppt
50
50
-0-
2-3 Mos
Ppt
50
50
50
N30
2-3 Mos
Ppt-Slow 30
5000
2500
-0-
1 Mo
07/91
Ppt
15000
500
1 Mo
Ppt
10000
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Ppt
2500
2500
500
1 Mo
Ppt
2500
2500
1 Mo
Ppt
1000
500
-0-
N15
1 Mo
Ppt
1000
250
-0-
N15
1 Mo
Ppt
750
250
-0-
1 Mo
Ppt
750
500
-0-
N15
1 Mo
Ppt
750
750
-0-
N15
1 Mo
Ppt
250
-0-
-0-
N30
1 Mo
Ppt
250
-0-
-0-
N15
6-12 Mos
Ppt
100
-0-
6-12 Mos
Ppt
100
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Ppt
50
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Ppt
50
-0-
-0-
2-3 Mos
Ppt
50
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Ppt
50
50
-0-
1 Mo
Ppt-Slow 30
30000
10000
50
N30
1 Mo
Ppt-Slow 30
5000
100
100
2-3 Mos
Slow 90
50
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
(029)
2500
2500
(030)
750
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
SEP 06 1991
PAGE 002
(031)
50
50
06/91
Ppt
35000
15000
2500
N30
1 Mo
Ppt
30000
-0-
-0-
1 Mo
Ppt
500
500
-0-
N30
1 Mo
Ppt
500
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Ppt
50
-0-
-0-
2-3 Mos
(037)
7500
-0-
-0-
1 Mo
(038)
1000
-0-
-0-
1 Mo
(039)
500
-0-
-0-
6-12 Mos
05/91
Ppt
100
-0-
-0-
N30
4-5 Mos
Slow 25
1000
500
-0-
N10
1 Mo
04/91
Ppt
N30
2-3 Mos
03/91
Ppt
7500
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
12/90
Ppt
1000
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Ppt
250
250
-0-
N30
1 Mo
Ppt
100
-0-
-0-
6-12 Mos
Slow 30
2500
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
11/90
Slow 30
250
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Slow 90
1000
-0-
-0-
6-12 Mos
(050)
100
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
(051)
50
50
50
1 Mo
10/90
Ppt
250
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
Ppt
50
-0-
-0-
6-12 Mos
09/90
Ppt
-0-
-0-
N30
6-12 Mos
08/90
Ppt
100
-0-
-0-
1 10 N30
6-12 Mos
* Payment experiences reflect how bills are met in relation to the
terms granted. In some instances payment beyond terms can be the
result of disputes over merchandise, skipped invoices etc.
* Each experience shown represents a separate account reported by a
supplier. Updated trade experiences replace those previously
reported.
UPDATE
07/22/91
On Jul 10 1991, Hafeez Kazim, controller, submitted the following
statement dated Sep 30 1990.
STATEMENT UPDATE
07/22/91
Fiscal statement dated SEP 30 1990:
Cash
$
13,587,609
Accts Pay
$
803,562
Accts Rec
2,518,948
Notes Pay
3,000,000
Inventory
321,389
Deferred Revenues
8,666,242
Due From CPB
4,440,277
Accruals
2,466,142
Prepaid
485,772
Curr Assets
21,353,995
Curr Liabs
14,935,946
Fixt & Equip
4,376,227
Note Payable
10,600,000
Due From CPB
10,600,000
FUND BALANCES
10,794,276
Total Assets
36,330,222
Total
36,330,222
From OCT 01 1989 to SEP 30 1990 sales $23,672,785; program
expenses $46,160,931. Gross profit (22,488,146); operating expenses
$6,449,937. Operating income (28,938,083); other income $29,937,165;
net income before taxes $999,082; net income $999,082.
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
SEP 06 1991
PAGE 003
Submitted JUL 10 1991 by Hafeez Kazim, controller. Prepared from
statement(s) by Accountant: Deloitte & Touche.
ACCOUNTANTS OPINION: "A review of the accountant's opinion
indicates the financial statements meet generally accepted accounting
principles and that the audit contains no qualifications".
-0--
Amounts due from CPB (Corporation for Public Broadcasting) are
for satellite system replacement, and represent certain equipment
costs and other initial costs and expenses related to the replacement
of the satellite system. In connection with the system replacement,
NPR executed a promissory note in the amount of $13,600,000 with First
American Bank, payable in two installments of $3,000,000 and
$10,600,000 respectively.
Other income is from membership dues, distribution interconnect
fees, distribution services and interest.
Change in fund balances due to excess of revenues over expenses
retained.
FINANCE
A CONSULTING SERVICE IS AVAILABLE TO ASSIST YOU IN REVIEWING THIS ACCOUNT
FURTHER. PLEASE CALL (800) 223 ----- 0141 TO SPEAK WITH A DUNS ACCOUNT
CONSULTANT.
11/20/90
Fiscal
Fiscal
Fiscal
Sep 30 1986
Sep 30 1988
Sep 30 1989
Curr Assets
6,461,080
14,607,470
17,224,310
Curr Liabs
4,518,752
10,641,058
11,557,790
Current Ratio
1.42
1.37
1.49
Working Capital
1,942,328
3,966,412
5,666,520
Other Assets
2,635,552
3,491,121
4,128,674
Worth
3,596,440
6,803,240
9,795,194
Sales
25,840,054
32,107,770
35,331,458
Net Profit (Loss)
2,569,983
1,762,866
1,990,986
Fiscal statement dated SEP 30 1989:
Cash
$
14,132,635
Accts Pay
$
958,880
Accts Rec
2,378,687
Accruals
1,446,125
Inventory
300,253
Deferred Revenues
8,825,638
Prepaid
412,735
Deferred Excess
Sales Proceeds
327,147
Curr Assets
17,224,310
Curr Liabs
11,557,790
Fixt & Equip
4,128,674
FUND BALANCE
9,795,194
Total Assets
21,352,984
Total
21,352,984
From OCT 01 1988 to SEP 30 1989 sales $35,331,458; cost of goods
sold $33,340,472. Gross profit $1,990,986. Operating income
$1,990,986; net income before taxes $1,990,986. Net income
$1,990,986. Monthly rent $90,000. Lease expires 1993.
Prepared from statement(s) by Accountant: Deloitte, Haskins &
Sells.
ACCOUNTANTS OPINION: "A review of the accountant's opinion
indicates the financial statements meet generally accepted accounting
principles and that the audit contains no qualifications".
-0--
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
SEP 06 1991
PAGE 004
Sales of $35,331,458 for fiscal 1989 are actually total revenues.
Cost of goods sold $33,340,472 are actually total expenses. Net
income $1,990,986 is excess of revenues over expenses.
Inventory $300,253 consists of supplies and is reported at cost.
Cash $14,132,635 includes cash investments, such as certificates
of deposit at cost.
On NOV 20 1990 Hafeez A Kazim, controller, referred to the above
figures as still representative.
He submitted the following partial estimates dated SEP 30 1990:
Cash
$ 13,500,000 Accts Pay
$
963,000
Accts Rec
2,500,000
Deferred
Mdse
300,000 Revenues
8,600,000
Projected annual sales are $ 40,000,000.
Fiscal 1990 financial statements are as yet not finalized.
Change in fund balance from fiscal 1988 is due to excess of
revenues over expenses retained and some year end accounting
adjustments as well as capital contributions.
Working capital needs are being provided from internally
generated funds.
Total liabilities are well in line with fund balance at Sep 30
1989. Liquidity is strong with cash and cash instruments alone
covering total debts.
PUBLIC FILINGS
The following data is for information purposes only and is not the
official record. Certified copies can only be obtained from the
official source.
* * UCC FILING(S) *
COLLATERAL: Specified right, title & interest including proceeds and products
FILING NO: 02285
DATE FILED:
03/05/1990
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 04/02/1990
SEC. PARTY: FIRST AMERICAN BANK, WASHINGTON
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
DC
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INC
DEEDS, DC
COLLATERAL: Specified Equipment including proceeds and products
FILING NO: 90055533
DATE FILED:
03/01/1990
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 03/22/1990
SEC. PARTY: FIRST AMERICAN BANK NA,
FILED WITH: SECRETARY OF
WASHINGTON, DC
STATE/UCC DIVISION,
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INC
CA
COLLATERAL: Leased Inventory - Leased Communications equipment Leased
Machinery - Leased Equipment
FILING NO: 09468
DATE FILED:
04/10/1991
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 06/27/1991
SEC. PARTY: SIGNET LEASING & FINANCIAL CORP
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
BALTIMORE, MD
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INC
DEEDS, DC
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
SEP 06 1991
PAGE 005
COLLATERAL: Leased Communications equipment and proceeds Leased Business
machinery/equipment and proceeds
FILING NO: 09144
DATE FILED:
04/08/1991
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 06/07/1991
SEC. PARTY: XEROX CORP, WASHINGTON, DC
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEEDS, DC
COLLATERAL: Leased Communications equipment and proceeds Leased Business
machinery/equipment and proceeds
FILING NO: 09143
DATE FILED:
04/08/1991
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 06/07/1991
SEC. PARTY: XEROX CORP, WASHINGTON, DC
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEEDS, DC
COLLATERAL: Leased Business machinery/equipment and proceeds Leased Equipment
and proceeds
FILING NO: 18547
DATE FILED:
11/07/1990
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 12/17/1990
SEC. PARTY: CHASE THIRD CENTURY LEASING CO,
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
MOBERLY, MO
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO
DEEDS, DC
COLLATERAL: Specified Equipment
FILING NO: 11687
DATE FILED:
08/09/1990
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 09/11/1990
SEC. PARTY: SIGNET LEASING & FINANCIAL,
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
BETHESDA, MD
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INC
DEEDS, DC
COLLATERAL: Leased Communications equipment Leased Fixtures - Leased Business
machinery/equipment
FILING NO: 21388
DATE FILED:
12/20/1990
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 12/20/1990
SEC. PARTY: CHESAPEAKE INDUST LEASING CO
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
INC, BALTIMORE, MD
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INC
DEEDS, DC
COLLATERAL: Leased Equipment
FILING NO: 17569
DATE FILED:
10/22/1990
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 12/03/1990
SEC. PARTY: SIGNET LEASING & FINANCIAL CORP
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
BETHESDA, MD
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INC
DEEDS, DC
COLLATERAL: Leased Equipment Leased Business machinery/equipment
FILING NO: 17192
DATE FILED:
10/17/1990
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 11/29/1990
SEC. PARTY: CHASE THIRD CENTURY LSG CO,
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
MOBERLY, MO
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO
DEEDS, DC
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
SEP 06 1991
PAGE 006
COLLATERAL: Business machinery/equipment
FILING NO: 5012
DATE FILED:
06/17/1986
TYPE:
Original
RECEIVED BY D&B: 11/20/1990
SEC. PARTY: FIRST UN LSG CORP, NORTHBROOK,
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
IL
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
DEEDS, DC
FILING NO: 12779
TYPE:
Termination
DATE FILED:
05/17/1991
SEC. PARTY: FARMERS BANK AND TRUST, HANOVER
RECEIVED BY D&B: 08/08/1991
PA
ORIG. UCC FILED: 12/20/1990
DEBTOR:
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INC
ORIG. FILING NO: 900021388
FILED WITH: DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
& REVENUE/RECORDER OF
DEEDS, DC
The public record items reported above under "PUBLIC FILINGS"
and "UCC FILINGS" may have been paid, terminated, vacated
or released prior to the date this report was printed.
HISTORY
07/22/91
DOUGLAS J BENNET, PRES
DIRECTOR(S): THE OFFICER(S) and other officers are chosen from
membership to serve one or two year terms and are generally not active
on a daily basis.
BUSINESS TYPE: Corporation *****
DATE INCORPORATED: 02/26/1970
Non-profit
STATE OF INCORP: District Of
Columbia
Non-stock corporation.
Business started 1970 by radio stations throughout the United
States.
DOUGLAS J BENNET born 1938. BA degree from Wesleyan University
and MA degree from University of California, Berkeley, CA and a PhD
from Harvard University. 1964-66 employed in the office of ambassador
Chester Bowles, New Delhi. 1966-69 assistant to vice president Hubert
Humphrey. 1969-75 administrative assistant to senator Abraham
Ribiwff; all positions were on Capitol Hill. 1975-79 worked with the
U S Department of State, Office of Congressional Relations. 1979-81
administrator of the U S Agency for International Development.
1981-83 president and chief executive officer of The Roosevelt Center
for American Policy Studies. 1983 began as president of National
Public Radio (Inc).
OPERATION
07/22/91
Membership organization operating as a non-profit, non-commercial
radio network serving more than 380 member stations. Emphasis is on
news, cultural affairs and public affairs. Member stations pay annual
membership fees based on total local budgets. Captioned business does
NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO (INC)
SEP 06 1991
PAGE 007
not own any radio stations.
Terms: Derived from government and commercial grants and dues
billed monthly to members. Sells to general public. Territory :
United States.
Nonseasonal.
EMPLOYEES: 442 including officers. 421 employed here.
FACILITIES: Rents 90,000 sq. ft. on tenth floor of ten story
brick building in normal condition.
LOCATION: Central business section on well traveled street.
BRANCHES: Branches located in Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA;
London, England; New York, NY; Utah; Texas and Wisconsin. Operations
same as headquarters.
09-06(795 /795)
46101
061 061 H
FULL DISPLAY COMPLETE
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE: September 6, 1991
TO:
DORRANCE SMITH
FROM:
GOVERNOR JOHN H. SUNUNU
Bi-monthly sounds good to me. Let's
try for the first one September 13th --
unless, of course, you've got a problem
with Friday the 13th!
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
05. Memo
From Dorrance Smith to John Sununu
9/6/91
P/5
Re: Television Address (1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Open on Expiration of PRA
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
(Document Follows)
Subseries:
White House Offices File
By H (NLGB) on 10/28/05
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 6, 1991
THE CHIEF of STAFF
MEMORANDUM FOR GOVERNOR SUNUNU
has seen
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH of
SUBJECT:
TELEVISION ADDRESS
I would like to propose a weekly or bi-monthly television address
from the OEOB Studio. We would schedule this live for Fridays and
give broadcasters the satellite coordinates. The President would
speak on the issues of the past week or the one upcoming. For
instance, if we begin this next Friday, he could comment on the
Thomas nomination and put a strong plug in for the upcoming
hearings on Gates.
In addition to national and local play, we'd also get Saturday
papers. The uniqueness of the concept would generate additional
press.
I'd love to discuss this further.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 30, 1991
to
MEMORANDUM TO: Governor Sununu
FROM:
Dorrance Smith
AS
Attached is a copy of last night's "Nightline" with Senator
Mitchell and Ambassador James Lilley.
###
THE CHIEF of STAFF
has seen
MAY 30 '91 10:13
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P.2
05/30/91 01:48:47;
This transcript has not yet been proofreed against
status.
Pres. BUSH: [Monday] MFN is a means to bring
videotape and cannot, for that reason, be guaranteed as to
the influence of the outside world to bear on China.
accuracy of speakers and spelling. (JPM)
JUDD: [voice-over] Mr. Bush concedes it will be a
hard sell in Congress, in part because of the images
ABC NEWS NIGHTLINE Show #2613
frozen in the minds of so many Americans.
Air Date: May 29, 1991
CHINESE STUDENT: We believe the words
Democracy
Movement
from the American Declaration of Independence
China's
very much, "We hold this truth to be self-evident.
Heard From Again
that all men are created equal."
JUDD: (voice-over] The government's campaign of
Pres. GEORGE BUSH: [May 27, 2001] Some argue
Intimidation that followed frightened people into
that a nation as moral and just as ours should not
silence, but there are now reports that dissent has
taint itself by dealing with nations less moral.
sprung up again at several colleges, including Beijing
You do not reform a world by ignoring it. And so,
University, where the '89 movement began.
when we find opportunities to cooperate with China,
Yesterday a banner proclaiming "We will never forget
we will explore them.
June 4th" flew briefly from a dorm window and pro-
TED KOPPEL: [voice-ouer] For two years, China's
democracy pamphlets were tossed out of the windows.
democracy movernent lay dormant. Now, as we approach
They said, "The sickness of the Communist Party has
the second anniversary of Tiananmen, that movement is
worsened."
heard from again. It couldn't happen at a worse time for
If China's leadership had any interest in placating
the Bush administration.
American politicians, they certainly aren't showing it.
ANNOUNCER: This is ABC News Nightline. Reporting
Western reporters were called in and warned not to
from Washington. Ted Koppel.
send any pictures of dissent out to the West.
KOPPEL: By and large, we Americans prefer our
Correspondent Todd Carrel says this is all dangerous
foreign policy to develop along the lines of an old western
stuff for the students.
movie. Perhaps you remember the Gene Autry-Hopalong
TODD CARREL, ABC News: This was a very bold
Cassidy-Roy Rogers variety. Even a nine-year-old could
movement in the current climate, because we know
distinguish the good guys from the bad, and justice
that there are security policemen all around the
always triumphed over evil.
campuses. The government will not tolerate any more
So why, a lot of people are asking, does George Bush
protests, and that's been clear ever since last June
- who ought to be wearing the biggest white hat in the
4th. Now, anybody who did this would risk. I believe,
land - why does the President want to continue helping
immediate arrest.
the Chinese government sell its products here in the
JUDD: [voice-over] Even bolder is Ho Sha Tien [sp?].
United States? That's what most favored nation trading
Her activist husband is serving 13 years in prison.
status means. It means that the Chinese, who have done
She sent a signed letter to western journalists and to
little or nothing toward democratizing their country. will
the United Nations calling sentences such as his
enjoy the same low trading tariffs that apply, for
political persecution. She described the prisoners' dire
example, to England or Holland or France.
conditions, writing that they have been stripped of all
China clearly needs that most favored nation status.
personal freedoms.
This year it's expected that China will enjoy a $15 billion
The aging party leadership in China shows no sign of
trade advantage with the United States. The only
easing up. In fact, it may be getting worse in China.
country with which we would then have a greater trade
There are said to have been more trials of political
deficit is Japan.
dissidents in the past six months than at any time
So why doesn't the United States use some of that
since Tiananmen Square.
most favored nation clout to get China to liberalize
[on camera] It's against this backdrop that President
things a little back home? That's the focus of this
Bush must persuade Congress not to overturn his
broadcast tonight. We begin with this report from
trade decision, but many Democrats feel that putting
Nightline correspondent Jackie Judd.
the economic squeeze on China's leaders is the only
JACKIE JUDD, ABC News: Two years ago to the
way they're going to institute reform,
day, the symbol of hope for China's young
Rep. DAVID SKAGGS, (D) Colorado: They
revolutionaries stood in Tiananmen Square. Within
may want to play us for patsies on trade. but do we
days, the Goddess of Democracy was crushed, as was
have to be accomplices to our own manipulation
the student reform movement. Only now are voices
and shame? Surely not.
silent for two years being heard again.
Rep. EDWARD MARKEY, (D) Massachusetts:
The timing couldn't be worse for President Bush,
If the Chinese are going to take a hard line on
because this is also the time of year the President
human rights and nuclear weapons, then the
must decide whether to extend China's trading
United States should take a hard line on China.
privileges and give it most favored nation trading
1
MAY 30 '91 10:14
05/30/91 01:50:25
7328802-> IGHTLI w202 887 7680; To:
3
JUDD: [voice-over] China's most famous dissident
of in opposing him. An easy cop-out, he called it. And
joined the debate today, testifying on Capitol Hill.
given the power these images still carry, it's probably
Fang Lizhi took shelter in the U.S. embassy in Beijing
in the President's interest to cast the debate as old-
for a year before being permitted to leave China.
fashioned partisan politics instead of a debate about
Today he says he feels abandoned by the U.S.
human rights and morality in foreign policy. This is
FANG LIZHI, Chinese Dissident: If you- if your
Jackie Judd for Nightline.
administration employs a double standard or multiple
KOPPEL: When we come back, we'll talk with Senate
standard. we feel very sad and very disappointed. You
Majority Leader George Mitchell about whether this is
know, this is your values, your principle. Then you
just, as the President charges, partisan politics. And
will lose your reputation.
later we'll be joined by the outgoing United States
JUDD: [voice-over] The list of trade grievances
ambassador to Beijing, who supports the President, and
against the Chinese regime is longer than just
by a leader in the human rights movements here in the
Tiananmen Square. Some members of Congress claim
United States who is against the trade extension for
that prisoners, including political dissidents. are
China.
forced to make products that are later sold in the U.S.
[Commercial break]
Sen. DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, (D),
KOPPEL:
George Bush was vacationing in
Foreign Relations Committee: [May 16, 1991]
Kennebunkport, Maine, when the growing congressional
Here, Mr. President, if I can show the Senate, is a
fight over China caught up with him.
set of socks, socks you might buy in 2 K-Mart.
Pres. BUSH: I understand it, I'm strongly for it and
Prison labor is routinely used and extensively used
I know what I'm suggesting is in the best interest of
to produce goods for export to the United States
the United States, not just China, in the best interest
under the most favored nations clause.
of our country. So I've got to- I've got to get out and
JUDD: [voice-over] Various American industries
make that as clear as I possibly can.
claim that China steals their patents and technology,
REPORTER: Senator Mitchell sounded like he was
costing them hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
going to give you a pretty good fight.
And China is suspected of selling missile technology
Pres. BUSH: Well, he's already indicated that, but
to Pakistan and to other countries. Congresswoman
I'd like to talk with George and I'd like to reason with
Nancy Pelosi says it adds up to a hypocritical foreign
him.
policy.
KOPPEL: [voice-over] Joining us now from Denver is
Rep. NANCY PELOSI, (D) California: I do not
Senator George Mitchell, the Senate Majority Leader.
believe that we can anymore ignore the proliferation
Most favored nation as a phrase is. as you know,
of the transfer of nuclear technology that China has
Senator, something of a misnomer. It suggests that it's
engaged in while we say we need to go to war to fight
only extended to of few countries around the world. In
Saddam Hussein because he may have nuclear
point of fact, it's extended to almost all countries around
capability down the road.
the world, we only isolate a very few. Does it make any
JUDD: [voice-over] Supporters of the President,
sense to isolate that country with the largest population
though, say there is no value in isolating China, but
in the world?
that there are very practical reasons to keep the
Sen. GEORGE MITCHELL, (D) Majority Leader: It
Chinese happy.
does under these circumstances, in which the Chinese
ROGER SULLIVAN, U.S.-China Business
have routinely ignored the- what I would regard as
Council: If your only objective is to express your
normal trade requirements. Their trade practices, as the
outrage, this is a very, very expensive way to do it.
news interviews at the outset of this show indicated, are
and an awful lot of people, a lot of innocent people get
really the kind that, if any other country practiced them.
hurt by the removal of MFN treatment for China.
we would reciprocate, not to mention the human rights
JUDD: [voice-over] There is also China's political
violations and, of course, the nuclear materials and
importance to the U.S. For example, it abstained
ballistic missile proliferation in which they have
rather than vote against the U.S. when the U.N.
continued to make such sales, notwithstanding their
Security Council authorized force against Iraq.
promises to the contrary.
HARRY HARDING, The Brookings Institution:
So I think here common sense, American ideals and
My fear is that if we adopt. by withdrawing MFN
American national interest require that the extension be
what the Chinese will certainly interpret as a hostile
with conditions. I don't think we should terminate it, I
stance towards them, that they are much less likely to
think we should condition it in a way that hopefully will
be cooperative and instead of tracing an upward
encourage them to change their policies.
spiral toward somewhat better behavior, I think the
KOPPEL: The President says he's going to try and
Chinese behavior is likely to become even more
reason with you and certainly among the things that he
responsible- ah, irresponsible.
will try to suggest to you is that you get a lot more or you
JUDD: [voice-over] Irresponsible comes close to what
get a lot further with the Chinese by dealing gently with
President Bush is accusing the Democratic leadership
them or dealing rationally with them rather than by
2
05/30/91 01:52:12;
7328802-> IGHTLI w202 887 7680; To:
P.4
dealing harshly and emotionally with them.
thought it was very moving in the early part of the
Sen. MITCHELL: Well, of course I will obviously be
segment when you showed a young Chinese man quoting
very pleased to meet with and talk to the President. We
the Declaration of Independence. It's obvious that those
have a very good, cordial personal relationship and our
Chinese who risked their lives, and some of whom lost
disagreement is on the issue, not in any personal sense,
their lives because they wanted democracy believed it.
and I will of course respectfully listen to any argument
The question is, do we? I think we should stand up in
the President makes. But I would point out that the
this case for our ideals and I think that will be the way to
argument he's making now is almost word-for-word the
move the Chinese leadership.
argument he made last year.
Clearly, the way that the President proposes hasn't
KOPPEL: And?
worked. We've tried it. It's failed. The results are worse
Sen. MITCHELL: And in the intervening 12 months
than they were, than when the MFN status was
things haven't improved, as your own report indicated.
extended last year.
They've gotten worse.
KOPPEL: Senator Mitchell. it's very good of you to join
KOPPEL: So why are you even suggesting giving them
us. Thank you very much. sir.
another six months?
Sen. MITCHELL: Thank you, Ted.
Sen. MITCHELL: Well, because I think during that
KOPPEL: When we come back, we'll be joined by the
time the President could make clear with the action that
outgoing U.S. ambassador to China, who came to Beijing
we've taken to the Chinese leadership that if they don't
just one month before Tiananmen Square, Ambassador
make changes, then, by operation of law this trade status
James Lilley. And by the first assistant secretary of state
would be discontinued, and it's very important to the
for human rights and humanitarian affairs, Patt Derian.
Chinese. As your report indicated, they have a very large
[Commercial break]
trade surplus with us and because of their unfair trade
["People of Beijing University, obey your conscience."
practices, it's going in exactly the wrong direction for us.
-student pamphlet, May 1991]
Chinese exports to the United States increased by more
KOPPEL: Joining us now from our bureau here in
than 20 percent last year; American exports to China
Washington are Ambassador James Lilley, who has
decreased by more than 20 percent. We're moving in
served as the U.S. representative to China from the
precisely the wrong direction in terms of American
spring of 1989 until this past month, and Patt Derian.
economic interest.
the U.S. assistant secretary of state for human rights
KOPPEL: But what makes you think, Senator, that if
and humanitarian affairs during the Carter
you were to- well, I mean, first of all, let me put it to
administration
you on purely practical political terms, domestic political
Ambassador Lilley, as was mentioned earlier in this
terms. You know full well that even if you succeed in
broadcast, the Chinese are going to enjoy this year a
turning MFN back, the President's going to veto It and
trade advantage of $15 billion. One would think that that
then you're going to have to have a two-thirds majority
would give the United States a little bit of clout. Why not
and the experts are saying you're not going to get it.
use it?
Sen. MITCHELL: Well, I'm not sure about that There
JAMES LILLEY, U.S. Ambassador to China: Well, I
are a lot of Republicans who are very uneasy about this
think we should use our clout, but I think that you have
policy. I ask you to imagine, Ted, what the reaction
to have the punishment fit the crime, and it seems to me
would be from many conservative Republicans if this
that in terms of the intellectual property rights
were a Democratic president proposing this kind of
violations. we have put them on the designated list. This
lenient policy to Communist tyrants who have engaged
is a devastating move which could cause China
in such repression, not just of their own people, but of the
considerable concern. That is the move to take there. I
people of Tibet and many others, monstrous actions. I
think in terms of proliferation, we've already taken
think the full dimensions of this haven't been made clear.
action against them, serious action against them. We are
Just a few weeks ago the President received in the
going to try to bring them into the world regimen on
White House the Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of the
proliferation of weapons. I think this is very crucial.
people of Tibet. We received him in the Congress. He told
And most important, on human rights. I think in this
us in a public gathering that the Chinese have
area we can cite instances where American intervention
massacred, according to him, 1,200,000 of his people, 20
has brought a much better deal to certain Chinese.
percent of the population and engaged at this moment in
KOPPEL: And yet when you listen to Senator Mitchell
widespread repression. I have no way of knowing
talk about the Dalai Lama's suggestion that over a
whether those figures are accurate, but if they even
million Tibetans have been killed by the Chinese, and
approximate the truth, if they are- if the truth is half
you talk about the punishment fitting the crime, it seems
that, it's a truly horrendous record on human rights,
to me that the punishment is not even up to the crime.
especially the dramatic events in Tiananmen Square in
Amb. LILLEY: I was in Tibet for several days in April,
the last- two years ago.
just about six weeks ago. I visited prisons, I visited
And so I think we have to look at this in a broader
monasteries, I visited the Xho Kang [sp?] temple. I saw a
view. Do we believe in the principles which we espouse? I
great deal in Tibet. I reported exactly what I saw. Much
05/30/91 01:54:00;
7328802-> #202 887 7680; To:
rawe
D
of what I saw I didn't like. I did not see any evidence of
people."
killing of Chinese [sic] although I reported instances of
I don't see it as punishment. I see it as an extra, a
tortures of prisoners.
goodie. This is something we're going to give them. We
KOPPEL: And, to use your own phrase - and forgive
seem unable to detach ourselves from the idea that
me, because we don't have a whole lot of time to cover an
there's something in China that transcends our best, best
awful lot of ground when you say the punishment not
principles of ourselves and of the idea of people.
fitting the crime, what kind of crimes are you looking for
KOPPEL: I'd like to hear- we're going to take a quick
to make the punishment fit it?
break, and when we come back, I'd like to hear from
Amb. LILLEY: I was at Tiananmen. I was not watching
Ambassador Lilly what he thinks the reaction of the
it as a couch potato. I was there. I was also in Tibet. And
Chinese government would be if indeed most favored
I saw the horror, and it's very real to me. It seems to me
nation treatment were not extended to them. We'll
that the United States has taken moves to move this
continue after this.
process forward. The number of Chinese leaving since
[Commercial break]
since '88 to '90 has gone up 84 percent. The amnesty has
KOPPEL: Ambassador Lilley, Ms. Derian makes a
been given to Chinese at our insistence. The Chinese are
point. In a sense, it's not a punishment, we're offering
making accountings to us for people who were hurt at
them a goodie. What would they do if we didn't?
Tiananmen. Secretary Shifter was there for 16 hours.
Amb. LILLEY: Let's go back in history. This goodie was
Mr. Fang Lizhi was got out, not by a double standard but
first offered to the Chinese in 1979 when Vice President
by my very strong interventions with the Chinese to get
Mondale was in China Do you recall in 1979 what was
him out. He's now in Princeton and he's speaking his
going on in China, the democracy wall movement? Do
mind. We got out a number of other Chinese, Han Deng
you recall-
Fong [sp?], we got out Nu Shou Bak [sp?], we got out Yan
KOPPEL: Indeed. Indeed I do.
Wei [sp?], we got out Chun Xiaoping [sp?]. A number of
Amb. LILLEY: -a man called Wei Jing Shun [sp?] who
Chinese have been gotten out, they've gotten a better life
was put in jail for 15 years? He's still in jail. The man
because of our interventions. I think this is very real,
who got in trouble in our time, Fang Lizhi, is at
concrete progress.
Princeton and free. Wei Jing Shun [sp?] is still in Jail for
KOPPEL: Ms. Derian, It's not always the easiest
what he did in 1979 when we gave China most favored
argument to make, the one that the ambassador is
nation.
making.
KOPPEL: We did tend to sort of brush over those one
PATT DERLAN, former State Department Official:
million-plus people that the Dalai Lama claims were
No, I certainly hope not.
killed by the Chinese in Tibet. Now, granted, you said
KOPPEL: No, but-
you didn't see them, but I'm not sure how you would have
Ms. DERIAN: It seems to be easy.
or why you expected to.
KOPPEL: -but in fairness, it's easy to sort of take the
Amb. LILLEY: I would- yeah, I would say that the
side of justice and goodness, but in reality foreign policy
killings during the Cultural Revolution were at the
doesn't work that way. There are all kinds of countries
highest point, and that was done by factions fighting
around the world with which we deal, even though they
each other in Tibet. It was a brutal bloody business. and
have abysmal human rights policies.
Tibet 1s under occupation by China. But I think also it's
Ms. DERLAN: Who's talking about not dealing with
very important to realize how strongly Chinese inside
them? We're talking about special privileges, that's what
China want MFN. They want it to be kept because they
most favored nation is. And what's shocking to me, over
want the link to the United States. and if we take that
and over again, is that we come to a point like this, we're
away, they say we abandon them. Chinese come up to me
talking about most favored nation in a brilliantly
and pull me by the sleeve and they say, "Don't walk away
symbolic period, almost to the day, of Tiananmen Square.
from us. If you do, that's the way the government will
No one seems to be particularly concerned about that
react." I think this is a very strong argument. Even
except Nightline and the human rights organizations and
Chinese in the States. Only 12 out of 420 polled wanted
the Chinese. The President in his comments over the
to stop MFN. So I think the Chinese themselves are
weekend about why we weren't going to do this really
telling you something.
pulled the rug out from under the Chinese.
KOPPEL: Ms. Derian, we have only a few seconds left,
KOPPEL: What else could he have done at this point?
and what would you say to those Chinese?
What eise should he have done?
Ms. DERIAN: I would like to see those Chinese lined
Ms. DERIAN: What he could have done is said, in spite
up. The fact is that I expect the most favored nation is a
of the fact that we sent a secret mission there to
somewhat obscure fact to them. What Pd like to say is
apparently reassure you right after you committed the
that the effort to make this a partisan political issue.
acts at Tiananmen Square - remember Scowcroft's
saying "our time, their time," is a foolish thing. as is the
secret mission, secret for some reason what we could
idea that there's something wrong with having high
have said, is, "I'm sorry, you don't qualify for most
principles that every one of our presidents use in their
favored nation. We're not going to help you repress your
rhetoric. This is a careless president we have in this
05/30/91 MAY 01:33:30 30 '91 10:17
7328802-> IGHTLI w202 887 7680; To:
PP.6 b
regard, and there's nothing wrong with a moral human
rights policy-
KOPPEL: I hate to-
Ms. DERIAN: -and a moral foreign policy.
KOPPEL: -I hate to cut you short, but we are-
Ms. DERIAN: It's okay.
KOPPEL: -totally out of time. Ambassador Lilley, Ms.
Derian, thank you both. That's it, that's all the time we
have. I'm Ted Koppel. Good night.
Copyright © 1991 American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
- 5 -
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
06. Memo
From Dorrance Smith to John Sununu
7/24/91
Re: Olympics (1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Open on Expiration of PRA
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
(Document Follows)
Subseries:
White House Offices File
By of (NLGB) on 10/28/05
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 24, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR GOVERNOR SUNUNU
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH
D8
SUBJECT:
OLYMPICS
I'm very interested in taking over the Olympics file when Ed Rogers
departs. I'm aware that this is a plum that others also covet.
Here's my resume. I've attended Olympics in Munich ('72),
Lake Placid ('80), Sarajevo ('84), Los Angeles ('84) and
Calgary ('88). In addition to dealing with the Local Organizing
Committees, I've had extensive dealing with the IOC and the USOC.
Additionally, the new lobbyist for the USOC, Steve Bull, is an old
friend. Lastly, the producers for CBS and NBC who will be handling
the upcoming games are all former colleagues who I've dealt with
extensively throughout the years.
THE of STAFF
has approved
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE: July 9, 1991
TO:
DORRANCE SMITH
FROM:
GOVERNOR JOHN H. SUNUNU
SUBJECT: Teleconferencing
I just went over your two memos again.
I think your perspective on the changing
television landscape is right on target.
I found the costs, especially the
variability of the costs, particularly
interesting.
Keep up the good work!
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
07. Memo
From Dorrance Smith to POTUS
6/21/91
P/S
Re: Changing Television Landscape (4 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Open on Expiration of PRA
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
(Document Follows)
Subseries:
White House Offices File
By IP (NLGB) on 10/28/05
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 21, 1991
MEMORANDUM TO: THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
Dorrance Smith Do
Assistant to the President for Media Affairs
SUBJECT:
Changing Television Landscape
The television landscape is rapidly changing. In 1978-1979, the
three networks combined accounted for 91% of the total audience
during primetime (8-11 pm) ; in 1983-1984, they accounted for 78%;
in 1987-1988, 70% and today, the three network share is down to
63%. The following chart reveals the drastic incremental reduction
in network shares over the past 13 years:
1978-79 = 91%
1987-88 = 70%
1979-80 = 90%
1988-89 = 67%
1980-81 = 85%
1989-90 = 65%
1981-82 = 83%
1990-91 = 63%
1982-83 = 81%
1983-84 = 78%
1984-85 = 77%
1985-86 = 76%
1986-87 = 75%
Moreover, the total three network share of the evening news
programs is expected to drop to 50% this summer. Last week, the
total primetime share was 52% and the total evening share was 55%.
All the networks are drastically downsizing their news coverage
operations by closing bureaus and cutting back staff. Today ABC
announced the cancellation of their late night weekend news
programs.
Fox TV, which was created five years ago, has become close to a 4th
network. Fox is not legally considered a network by the FCC but
is a viable force with which the three networks are starting to
have to contend. At inception in 1987-1988, Fox had a total share
of 6% and it now holds a share of 11%. Within the next year, Fox
network affiliates will reach 96% of the country. Last week, Fox's
total primetime share was 10 %.
Since networks can no longer claim such a huge monopoly on the news
delivery system and are bound to lose audience share in a greatly
fragmented world, our opportunity relies on developing methods to
reach the Non Networks.
-more-
-2-
This "Non Network" can be broken down into 4 categories:
1) Independent Television Stations
2) Basic Cable Network
3) Pay Cable Network
4) Public Television Stations
Currently, Independent TV stations hold approximately 21%; Basic
Cable network 18%; pay TV 6% and Public TV stations 4% (Due to
rounding off of numbers and multiset use, totals are over 100%).
CNN, though not generating a mass audience, holds a primetime
average rating of 2.8 and a 4.4 share. CNN has an average
household audience of 1,590,000. It is hard to underestimate the
public diplomacy aspect of CNN. Every foreign head of state and
most foreign hotels have CNN. When I walked into the Iraqi Foreign
Minister's office last August they were all watching you on CNN
from their office in Baghdad. Without a doubt CNN is extremely
influential in the foreign arena. For instance, during the war
CNN's ratings increased dramatically illustrating its importance
during intensive news periods. The following chart reveals this
increase:
Primetime
January 1991
2,816,000
February
2,508,000
March
1,567,000
April
591,000
May
467,000
As the following shows, the other Turner Broadcasting networks -
-TBS, TNT and Headline News - have increased ratings as well:
Headline News holds a 0.9% share with a 0.6 rating and reaches an
average household audience of 262,000; the TBS Superstation has 3.6
share with a 2.2 rating and reaches an average household audience
of 1,243,000; and TNT has 1.8 rating with a 2.9 share and reaches
an average household audience of 951,000.
Basic cable programming has been the dominant factor in chipping
away at the network share. This month Home Box Office for the
first time outperformed the Saturday evening lineups of the three
major broadcast networks in HBO subscribing homes. HBO drew 11% of
the 17.6 million homes with HBO; and NBC, CBS, and ABC drew 10.9%,
7.2% and 7% respectively. More and more cable is being evaluated
as part of the national television mix rather than a special,
separate medium. C-span currently has a potential of reaching 53
million households but actual viewership is not rated because of
its non-profit affiliation.
-more-
-3-
As a result of this transformation in the TV market, we have been
adjusting our media strategy to reflect the changing marketplace.
Fast Track provided a good test case. We were successful in
delivering our message through strategic use of surrogates in
targeted media markets. The White House press corps hardly touched
the fast track issue. On the day of Congressional passage only 1
of the 3 network newscasts even mentioned the Fast Track victory.
Due to changes in networks many regional affiliates have been
spawned. Groups like Conus, Bonneville, and Potomac News Service
represent a covey of affiliates. Their appetite for access to us
and to what we offer is great.
In addition, each network has their own feed service to their
affiliates and to their owned stations. Each network has about 200
plus affiliates. As the network programs have declined, this
service has become increasingly more aggressive in providing
material (surrogates) to their affiliates and bypassing their own
network program. It is fair to say that news like politics is
more and more trending local.
The process used with Fast Track ought to serve as a prototype of
our future strategy. We targeted our surrogates to the areas where
the issue was ripe, and put together regional networks through
these affiliate operations. There is more choice for consumers and
specialization in the market/audience today; and the term
"narrow"casting is more fitting than "broad 'casting. Our
teleconferencing strategy is exemplary of this strategy. With our
teleconferencing capability and as channel capacity increases,
there is more opportunity to localize and regionalize. The
potential for delivering our message across the nation to targeted
audiences is enormous.
That brings us to Los Angeles. Your interview was widely telecast.
It played on the "CBS Saturday Evening News" and on "This Week With
David Brinkley." Here's the play we received from the three local
stations (combined audience 5.5 million) from your interview last
Saturday:
KABC
Saturday:
5:00 pm
11:00 pm
Monday:
4:00 pm
5:00 pm
6:00 pm
In addition, KABC ran promotional ads all day Monday highlighting
Paul Moyer's "exclusive conversation" with the President.
-more-
-4- -
KCBS
Saturday:
5:00 pm
6:00 pm
Sunday:
5:00 pm
Monday:
6:00 am
noon
5:00 pm
6:00 pm
KCBS also ran promotional ads.
KNBC
Saturday:
5:00 pm
11:00 pm
Sunday:
4:00 pm
5:00 pm
The major transformations in the media marketplace have occurred.
Our strategy of tailoring our message to the new marketplace is
still being developed. Only through a comprehensive multi
dimensional approach - - local, regional, targeted teleconferencing,
radio, as well as network - will we be successful in delivering our
message.
###
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
AC/ER
June 18, 1991
MEMORANDUM TO: Governor Sununu
FROM:
Dorrance Smith DS
SUBJECT:
Teleconferencing Costs
Attached are estimated costs for various satellite teleconferences.
As you can see, there is a wide range of costs depending on such
variables as the satellite dish, projection system and the time of
day. Costs will vary depending on the time of the day and the
availability of a Ku band satellite truck. Generally, the use of
a satellite dish is most expensive in the afternoon hours.
The following are estimated costs for a satellite teleconference
from Kennebunkport, Maine to Seattle, Washington:
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
Projection System -
$3,500
Ku band downlink/uplink truck -
$4,000
Technical support (i.e. camera crews)
$1,000
Total Seattle costs
$8,500
KENNEBUNKPORT, ME
Ku band uplink/downlink truck/
$9,000
technical support
Satellite time
$3,600 (three hours)
*includes transmission time
from Seattle
Total Maine costs
$12,600
TOTAL TELECONFERENCE
$21,100
- continued -
Page 2
The following are estimated costs for the PBS and AAF satellite
teleconferences conducted June 11, 1991 and the Edison Electric
Institute satellite teleconference conducted June 4, 1991:
PUBLIC BROADCASTING SERVICE
Studio crew and uplink equipment
$2,000
Fiber optic interconnects
$1,045
Switch hook-ups and charges
$ 875
Interface coordination
$ 450
Phone Lines (3)
$ 75
PBS Total
$4,445
*Please note that PBS provided satellite time and we do not have
the projection system and camera costs at this time.
AMERICAN ADVERTISING FEDERATION
Studio crew and uplink equipment
$2,000
Fiber optic interconnects
$1,045
Switch hook-up and charges
$ 875
Uplink/downlink/satellite time
$1,931.25
Interface coordination
$ 450
AAF Total
$6,301.25
*Note this figure does not include the projection system and camera
costs.
EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE
Studio crew and uplink equipment
$2,000
Fiber optic interconnects
$1,045
Switch hook-up and charges
$ 875
Uplink and downlink
$6,518.75 *
Satellite time (three hours)
$2,687.50
Interface coordination
$ 900
Projection system/camera (estimated)
$3,000
**
Uplink test the preceding day
$ 50
EEI Total
$17,076.25
* Note that EEI contracted this satellite vehicle for two days.
** The final invoice has not been received. However, this figure
is the anticipated amount for the projection system and camera.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE:
May 9, 1991
TO:
DORRANCE SMITH
FROM:
GOVERNOR JOHN H. SUNUNU
Your May 6 memo looks great.
Go to it!
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
08. Memo
From Dorrance Smith to John Sununu
5/6/91
PS, (b)(6)
Re: Use of Network Affiliates Services Division [FOIA
RESTRICTIONS REDACTED] (2 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Chief of Staff to the President, Office of the
Document Partially Declassified
Series:
Sununu, John, Files
(Copy of Document Follows)
Subseries:
White House Offices File
By H (NLGB) on 10/28/05
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Public Affairs
(D. Smith) (1991)
Date Closed:
12/28/2004
OA/ID Number:
29182-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1998-0004-F[2]
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0426-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
THE WHITE HOUSE
AC HAS SEEN
WASHINGTON
May 6, 1991
Gov.s
MEMORANDUM FOR GOV. SUNUNU
FROM:
DORRANCE SMITH DS
Good staff. Andy
CC:
Andy Card, Dave Demarest, Marlin Fitzwater,
Sig Rogich
The television landscape is rapidly changing. Ten years ago
the networks accounted for 90% of the total audience. Today, due
to Cable and Fox, the three-network share is down to an average
of 60%. During the summer the total three-network share of the
evening news programs drops to below 50%
What is a problem for the network news divisions--all now
experiencing their own cutbacks to face the new reality--is an
opportunity for us. No longer can the networks claim such a huge
monopoly on the news delivery system. Our opportunity relies on
our developing methods to reach the "other 40%." The technology
is there. The appetite for the material is there. It is simply
a matter of adjusting our communications strategy to fit the
changing landscape.
Last week I met with the vice presidents of the three
network affiliates services divisions. They are a network
service operation for their respective local affiliates. In
essence, the people that I met with represent a network within
the network. Each network has around 200-plus affiliates. Their
job is to gather news material and then feed it out periodically
to the affiliates during the day and night. Each network has
their own regional feeds. The affiliates then record the
material and decide whether it plays in their local news. Never
have they had any contact with anyone at the White House. Inside
their own companies they are not very high on the totem pole.
Yet, I think they represent a major untapped resource.
Take Fast track. Not a word on any evening news program to
date. We plan to target our surrogates to the areas where the
issues is ripe, and put together regional networks through these
affiliate operations. We will suggest California, Texas, and
Florida on the Fast Track question. We say to these affiliate
services divisions that we are making our surrogate available for
an interview for the Texas, California, and Florida media for one
hour on a given day. They telex their affiliates in those areas
and get back to us with the markets that are interested. Then we
either tape or hook up live our surrogate through these affiliate
services division and get a hit in the local markets that we have
-2-
targeted. When I walked through this scenario with the vice
presidents, their collective read was that the appetite would be
SO large we would have a tough time meeting it.
This is similar to the work we have done and will continue
to do, with the local satellite vendors such as Newslink, Conus,
and Potomac, but in a more strategic and direct manner.
(b)(6)