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July 1989
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July 1989
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Brent Scowcroft Papers
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Record Group/Collection:
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Collection/Office of Origin: Scowcroft, Brent, Collection
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Media Articles Files
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O
O
O
July 1989
The Washington Post
The New York Times
A.8
The Washington Times
Bush Policy Makers Reach Uneasy
The Wall Street Journal
The Christian Science Monitor
New York Daily News
Balance on an Approach to the Soviets
USA Today
The Chicago Tribune
Date
July 1989
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
only to our values but our interests,"
Informal Conversations
Special to The New York Times
Mr. Gates said in an interview after the
A State Department official com-
WASHINGTON, July 1 - Midway
trip to Moscow - a place he had never
mented, "So much of our policy toward
through the meeting in May between
visited before and seen mainly through
the Soviet Union is produced willy-nilly
Mikhail S. Gorbachev and Secretary of
satellite photographs taken by the
in informal telephone conversations
State James A. Baker 3d, the Soviet
C.I.A. "But we have to carry out our
and meetings" by the President, Mr.
leader suddenly glanced across a
policy, as the President and Secretary
Baker, Secretary of Defense Dick
gilded Kremlin chamber to Robert M.
Baker have done so skillfully, with our
Cheney, Mr. Scowcroft, Mr. Gates and
Gates, the deputy national security ad-
eyes wide open."
Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., the chair-
viser. Smiling, but with a steely edge in
"We've heard a lot of promises from
man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. With
his voice, Mr. Gorbachev said he had
Gorbachev," Mr. Gates said. "We be-
each principal backed up by a tiny
heard that the Bush White House had a
lieve the delivery is coming. But struc-
group of aides doing the paper work in
special unit assigned to discredit him.
tural change has not yet really taken
isolation from their bureaucracies, the
He also said he had heard who was in
place in the Soviet Union. As long as the
small informal channel shaped the
charge of that unit: Mr. Gates.
Soviets have the kind of military forces
NATO arms-control proposals, as the
As Mr. Gates and the other Amer-
and doctrines they have, then it seems
President passed a long weekend at
icans sat in stunned silence, a partici-
to me that the President has a respon-
Kennebunkport, Me.
pant recounted, Mr. Gorbachev went
siblity, and those advising him have a
This form of decision-making on im-
on to say that Moscow and Washington
responsibility, to ensure that the poli-
portant matters involving the Soviet
must try to work together for a new
cies are bold enough to be responsive to
Union "is not going to be an exception,"
relationship. Then, Mr. Gorbachev
change that is under way in the Soviet
one senior official said. "It's going to
added, Mr. Gates would be out of a job.
Union, but are not so bold or imagina-
be the rule."
"Let's just say he was familiar with
tive to be irresponsible."
This informal channel is possible be-
my views," said Mr. Gates, offering no
Mr. Gates and his boss, Brent Scow-
cause of the high degree of personal
other comment when asked for his
croft, the national security adviser,
and ideological collegiality among the
reaction to the encounter.
give the President his daily foreign
Bush Administration's policy makers
policy briefing. The views of Mr. Gates
Gorbachev's Clear Message
- thus far. The attitude is in marked
provide a barometer of the mood inside
contrast to the Reagan Administration,
But the Soviet leader's message
the unusual, two-tier policy making
where the feud between Defense Secre-
seemed clear enough to Administra-
system that has developed in the Bush
tary Caspar W. Weinberger and Secre-
tion officials: Mr. Gorbachev was tell-
Administration's early months.
tary of State George P. Shultz divided
ing the Bush team that the don't-trust-
The less powerful but more highly or-
the bureaucracy at all levels.
the Soviets theme laid out in speeches
ganized part of the apparatus for shap-
There are, of course, the usual bu-
by Mr. Gates, the former Deputy Di-
ing East-West policy is called the
reaucratic turf wars on any given
rector of the Central Intelligence Agen-
Deputies Committee. Its responsibility
issue, officials say, but they tend to get
cy, was outdated. And in pointing to Mr.
is the nuts and bolts of policy making -
worked out. It helps that Mr. Baker and
Gates, Mr. Gorbachev picked a man
the development of specific initiatives,
who seemed to embody the conflicting
Mr. Cheney are spending their summer
from arms control to trade matters,
vacation together and that Mr. Scow-
urges of the Administration's Soviet
vis-à-vis the Soviet Union. Mr. Gates is
croft and the President share both old
policy.
its chairman, and it is usually made up
friendships and gut perspectives.
On the one hand, the Bush team
of Under Secretary of State Robert M.
The same is true of their lieutenants,
wants to avoid what it sees as an overly
Kimmitt, Under Secretary of State
including Mr. Kimmitt; Mr. Gates; Mr.
trusting attitude toward the Soviets in
Reginald Bartholomew, Under Secre-
Wolfowitz; Dennis B. Ross, Mr.
the last stages of the Reagan Presiden-
tary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz;
Baker's policy planning director, and
cy. But even the hard-liners know that
Deputy Director Richard J. Kerr of the
Robert B. Zoellick, Mr. Baker's counse-
to misread Mr. Gorbachev could be to
C.I.A. and a representative from the
lor, as well as Robert Blackwill and
squander a diplomatic opportunity and
Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Condoleezza Rice, the two Soviet ex-
damage Mr. Bush's international
It is in the Deputies Committee that
perts at the National Security Council.
standing - indeed, his standing in his-
the policy options produced by the vari-
They have all worked together for
tory.
ous bureaucracies are thrashed out
years and in many cases are friends.
Since the May encounter, the Bush
and winnowed down to a few specific
team has found a new equilibrium in its
choices and sharpened for presentation
'Floating Ideas Back and Forth'
view of the Soviet Union. It is an uneasy
to the President for a decision. An ex-
balance between an instinctive skepti-
ample is the verification proposals in-
"Most of the policy preparation for
cism about Mr. Gorbachev's ultimate
troduced by the Administration at the
the President's Eastern European trip
prospects for success and a political
Geneva strategic arms talks.
is being done informally, over the
and geopolitical interest in taking im-
It was the same body, though, that
phone, between people like Ross and
mediate advantage of the new Gorba-
failed to extract from the bureaucracy
Rice, Gates and Wolfowitz, floating
chev policies. It is a balance that no one
the sort of bold proposals that the
ideas back and forth," an official said.
better personifies than Mr. Gates.
President offered for the NATO sum-
"When it's ready their bosses will sort
Favorable Implications
mit. That is why there is a second chan-
it out with the President."
"We want to see perestroika suc-
nel for policy-making.
ceed, because the success of those re-
forms would have implications for the
CONTINUED
Soviet Union that are favorable not
Page
19.
2.
The two tiers of policy makers were
President Jimmy Carter, by tempo-
affected by the combination of Mr. Gor-
bachev's conventional arms control
rarily serving on his National Security
Council staff, as well as Mr. Casey. His
proposals, presented to Mr. Baker in
ambition to succeed Mr. Casey as head
Moscow, and the enormous criticism
of the C.I.A. was thwarted after Presi-
heaped on the White House for being
dent Reagan withdrew his nomination
left behind by the Soviet leader. Both
in the face of widespread opposition in
sides had "to stop looking over their
the Senate because of the C.I.A.'s in-
shoulder at Reagan and start focusing
volvement in the Iran-Contra affair
on Gorbachev and what he was really
while Mr. Gates was Deputy Director.
saying," an Administration Soviet af-
Mr. Gates acknowledged that his
fairs expert said.
new assessment of the opportunities
While the President has since laid
presented by Mr. Gorbachev has been
out a vision for East-West relations
also influenced by the fact that he is no
that he has called "beyond contain-
longer dealing with the Soviet Union
ment," the Bush team's policy, judging
purely through the prism of intelli-
from Mr. Gates, would be better called
gence satellites. He is now a diplomat-
"beyond skepticism." For now, what
policy maker. Asked on his second day
these policy makers seem to have done
in Moscow how he felt, he grinned and
is overcome enough of their own skep-
said, "It's interesting at last to see the
ticism about Mr. Gorbachev to deal
Soviet Union from ground level."
with him on a broad range of issues.
In describing Moscow, he observed,
But where that will ultimately lead is
"It was not very different from what I
still anyone's guess.
expected: the condition of the build-
"I could give you a lot of flowery
ings, the massive apartment struc-
rhetoric about a peaceful future and a
tures, the lines of people at the stores."
democratic system in the Soviet Union
"The only thing that struck me was
that would be a contributor to world
that Red Square and Lenin's tomb
stability and so on and so forth," Mr.
were smaller than I imagined," added
Gates said.
Mr. Gates, who had for so many years
"But, when it comes to international
pored over pictures of Soviet leaders
relations, and particularly when it
reviewing military parades.
comes to dealing with the Soviet Union,
A Spot of 'Gorby Fever'?
I am not a dreamer," he said. "I deal in
reality. The dangers in the world come
While he will not admit it - in fact,
when people detach themselves from
he denies it - Mr. Gates seems to have
reality and make false assumptions
caught just a spot of "Gorby fever" in
about what is going on in the world.
Moscow, which may also account for
You have to remain grounded in reality
the subtle but important shift in tone of
but open to opportunity, and I think
his analysis of Soviet-American rela-
that what Gorbachev has presented the
tions.
West and the United States are some
"The thing that impressed me the
opportunities. We should pursue those,
most about Gorbachev is his energy,"
and I will leave it to those on the out-
Mr. Gates said. "The vitality and sort
side to be the dreamers."
of contained energy and the tremen-
dous self-confidence. The guy just
The 45-year-old Mr. Gates is a native
exudes the fact that he is in charge,
of Kansas who earned a doctorate at
that he knows what he is doing, is well
Georgetown University with a thesis
informed and seems up to the chal-
about Soviet experts on China. He
lenge of whatever comes along."
joined the C.I.A. in 1966 as a Soviet af-
fairs analyst and eventually became
national intelligence officer for the
Soviet Union. Later, he was promoted
over the heads of more senior C.I.A. of-
ficials by William Casey to become his
Deputy Director. Besides being a
Kremlinologist, Mr. Gates has a repu-
tation for being a shrewd, effective bu-
reaucratic operator, particularly
skilled as a manager and a quick-
footed survivor.
He has served such diverse bosses as
20.
-25-
He said he would urge the World
BUSH, IN WARSAW,
Bank to move ahead with $325 million
leader, had peppered the President
in new loans, ask the Western allies to
with questions about the economic pro-
support a rescheduling of debts that
posals this morning, an early sign of
UNVEILS PROPOSAL
could amount to $5 billion this year and
his dissatisfaction.
propose to Congress a $100 million fund
Tonight, in an interview with Cable
"to capitalize and invigorate the Polish
News Network, Gen. Bren't Scowcroft
FOR AID TO POLAND
private sector.' [Excerpts, page A8.}
the national security adviser, conceded
Poles Say Package Falls Short
that the $100 million in direct aid was
largely "symbolic of our support for
The President's program fell far
what it is the Poles are trying to do.'
short of the $10 billion, three-year infu-
But he argued that debt restructuring
HOSTS ARE DISAPPOINTED
sion of foreign aid that Solidarity has
and new World Bank loans were sub
asked for. Lech Walesa, the Solidarity
stantive proposals which, if adopted
leader, whom Mr. Bush will meet Tues-
"will make a difference" here.
day in the Baltic port of Gdansk, said in
6-Point Plan Falls Far Short
"I think the practical impact is as
a telephone. interview that it did not
much political and psychological as it
provide the sort of "shock treatment"
of Wishes, but Americans
is substantive," he said.
the country needs.
On the first full day of his Europear.
After describing today's events as
Cite 'Symbolic' Value
trip, Mr. Bush also laid two wreaths
"conciliatory, effective and success-
and held several meetings, including a
ful," Col. Wieslaw Gornicki, the Gov-
luncheon at the American Embassy for
ernment spokesman, said there was
Communist and Solidarity leaders
"very little concrete material" in what
Crowds of several thousand turned our
By R. W. APPLE Jr.
Special to The New York Times
Mr. Bush had offered. He complained
to greet him. waving Polish and Am
about the President's repeated empha-
ican flags, but the emotional
WARSAW, July 10 - President Bush
ing that some American office
SIS on the need for further sacrifices by
announced a six-part program of
predicted failed to materialize.
the Polish people and of excessive
American aid to Poland today to help
At one point, Mr. Bush jumped from
rhetorical formulations."
capitalize on what he termed the "un-
his limousine to shake hands with a
'Symbolic of Our Support'
crowd near the Parliament. It was one
precedented opportunity" presented
of many moments of vivid contrast
by Poland's tenuous experiment in
"Nobody in this country had any illu-
with the recent past; on the same spo
democracy. But the carefully limited
sions that the stream of gold would
only last week, the police clashed with
package got a lukewarm reception
flow," the spokesman said. "We did not
opposition demonstrators who were
from leading Polish political figures.
expect alms or handouts. But while we
calling for General Jaruzelski's ouster
Mr. Bush, on his first visit to Eastern
are very much satisfied with the politi-
Secretary of State James A. Baker
Europe as President, laid out the plan
cal tone of the visit, the substance is
3d said the Americans had not been "at
in a speech to a joint meeting of the
somewhat limited."
all disappointed" by the relatively
Polish Parliament, with one house con-
A senior American official, who
small crowds, because "this is not
trolled by the Solidarity opposition and
asked not to be identified, said that
some election campaign."
the other by the Communist Party.
Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski, the Polish
As Mr. Baker acknowledged this
Strings Attached to Future Aid
evening, Mr. Bush adopted an almost
land's own efforts," Mr. Bush said as
he outlined his program, which also in-
Without changes there will be no
conversational tone, making "no effort
to divide or disrupt," as the secretary
cluded $15 million to fight rampant air
more aid, the Bush Administration has
put it, and using "no hot rhetoric." Both
and water pollution in the historic city
made clear.
of Cracow in southern Poland. "But I
"In the 1970's," Mr. Baker said at a
the Americans and the Poles seemed
want to stress to you today that Poland
briefing for correspondents traveling
eager to avoid offending President Mi-
is not alone."
with him and with the President, "we
khail S. Gorbachev of the Soviet Union,
whose "new ideas" helped set in mo-
He added, "The United States stands
and our allies and the Polish people
tion the changes here - indeed, Mr.
ready to help as you help yourselves."
made a mistake. We shovelled a lo!
Bush went so far as to quote Mr. Gor-
Mr. Baker said that last phrase
money into this country with no
bachev in his speech.
caught the attention of Prime Minister
quirement for economic reform."
Clearly, the President was walking a
Mieczyslaw Rakowski. The Secretary
John H. Sununu, the White House
narrow line between raising expecta-
reported that the Prime Minister told
chief of staff, made the same point in
tions so high that failure to meet them
Mr. Bush at a later meeting, "I'd like to
much blunter way - too blunt, in the
would destabilize the country and giv-
put that slogan on the wall with your
view of some Poles, who found his lan
ing so little that the Poles would lose
name on it and mine, too."
guage patronizing - in an interview
heart and pull back.
The United States, the International
here with NBC News. It was important
Standing before a Polish eagle
Monetary Fund and others are press-
not to do "too much" for Poland, E
mounted upon an immense red-and-
ing the Poles to make major changes in
said, adding the following explanation
white banner in the neo-classical Sen-
the way they manage their debts and in
"The analogy that's almost appropri-
ate chamber, the President said that
the terms under which they permit pri-
ate is, you can't create the problem of
"Poland is where the cold war began,
vate businesses to operate. The Gov-
young person in the candy store, where
and now the people of Poland can help
ernment of General Jaruzelski is also
there is so much there that they dont
bring the division of Europe to an end.'
under pressure at home and abroad to
know which direction to take and don
But he warned that economic reform
do something immediately about the
have the self-discipline to take the right
and recovery here "cannot occur with-
country's inflation rate of almost 100
steps."
out sacrifices" by every Pole.
percent a year - so bad that "you can
"There can be no substitute for Po-
almost hear it whistling as it roars
past," as one Warsaw working man
said today.
NEW YORK TIMES, 7/1/89, P.A-/
-26-
For Bush, a Polish Welcome Without Fervor
By MAUREEN DOWD
Bush aides had been promoting the
Special to The New York Times
trip by saying it would be comparable
WARSAW, July 10 - Poland is a
to President Kennedy's trip to West
Berlin in 1963. But Mr. Bush's deli-
country of tremendous emotion, and
leaders from the West who have vis-
cately balanced message - he talked
ited have often been overwhelmed
about the need for world leaders "to
with citizens throwing themselves on
forge a rare alloy of courage and re-
motorcades, pushing down barriers,
straint" - did not quite have the
and other signs of adulation.
same infectious, passionate ring as
Earlier displays of emotion, like
"Ich bin ein Berliner."
those that greeted Robert F. Kennedy
Some White House officials specu-
in 1964, Richard Nixon in 1972 and
lated that it was the weight of so
Pope John Paul II on three trips since
much change in a country accus-
1979, constituted protests against the
tomed to ravaged hopes that gave the
government of the day through one of
day its subdued tenor.
the few avenues available.
Everyone feels uncertain, what to
In today's climate, with officially
say, how to act," said Marlin Fitzwa-
sanctioned opposition parties and
ter, the White House spokesman,
newspapers, anti-Government senti-
struggling to explain why the crowds
ments can be expressed more direct-
had been so much more modest and
ly.
muted than during Mr. Bush's visit in
1987 as Vice President. "That
Moments of Spontaneity
spreads into the population as well."
"The result is that the President
It may also have been that the sim-
got a warm reception, an admiring
ple grinding fact of day-to-day life
one, but not a very intense or exuber-
here kept people away.
ant one," one of his senior advisers
Irena Koszewski, 61 years old, had
said tonight.
been waiting in line for three hours,
There were a few moments of spon-
since 7 A.M., at a store that sells spe-
taneity during a day that often
cial kielbasa and hams for citizens
seemed as somber and formal as the
with health problems.
gray marble Parliament chamber.
Ms. Koszewski, who wore a beige
Before the President spoke to Parlia-
knit hat and flowered dress, has good
ment, Solidarity members broke into
feelings about the West and Mr. Bush,
a chorus of "Sto Lat," a beer parlor
whom she calls "a good man, a wise
man."
song akin to "For He's a Jolly Good
Fellow" that wished Mr. Bush 100
But she had her own problems, and
could not spend the day trying to find
years of health. And as his motorcade
the American President. She and
left the session, Mr. Bush tired of the
others in line simply expressed the
constricting security and jumped out
hope that he is getting along with the
to press the flesh with a crowd that
Soviet President, Mikhail S. Gorba-
shouted "Solidarity!" and "Long
chev. "Our heads are too small to
Live!"
know what goes on between them," a
As the motorcade approached the
69-year-old man said.
Parliament building, about 1,000 peo-
Jailers and Jailees
ple chanted Down with Commu-
Administration officials said they
nism!" 'Jaruzelski must go!" and
thought that if the public show was
"Long live Bush!" in Polish. There
not as emotionally charged as pre-
was also a banner reading, "Poland,
dicted, the private moments were
like the United States, has a right to
often stunning reflections of Poland's
independence."
colliding political sensitivities.
But the emotional outpouring and
On the back porch of the American
the tens of thousands of people that
Ambassador's home, the President
the White House had expected never
and First Lady moved among the
guests at a lunch in their honor. Soli-
materialized, and Bush officials were
darity leaders and Communist
left hoping for better crowds on Tues-
bosses, in white shirtsleeves and
day in Gdansk.
neckties, made small talk and sipped
Chandon Brut from crystal flutes.
Watching the mingling of former
foes who now sit elbow-to-elbow in the
new Parliament, one Polish official
murmured sardonically to an Amer-
ican guest. "The jailers and the jail-
ees."
NEW YORK TIMES, /89, p. A-1
PAGE ONE OF TWO
-21-
LEADERS IN PARIS
ARGUE OVER CHINA
Bush Cites 'Contentious' Issues
Beijing complicated the situation to-
On Eve of Economic Meeting,
But they are also expected to do a lit-
day when it denounced France for giv-
They Clash on Best Way
tle wrangling* before they end their
ing refuge to two of the leaders of the
deliberations on Sunday. President
demonstrations in support of democra-
to Fault Crackdown
Bush, who plans among other things to
cy. But it appeared unlikely that the
ask his allies to help Poland and Hun-
West would put its huge investments in
gary, which he has just visited, said in
China at risk by adopting economic
a news conference aboard Air Force
sanctions.
By R. W. APPLE Jr.
One this morning that there were a
Awaiting a decision here, bankers in
number of "contentious" issues to be
Hong Kong and elsewhere say they
Special to The New York Times
dealt with at this, his first summit con-
have frozen all pending deals with
PARIS, July 13 - Leaders of the
ference.
China, although they have continued
world's seven most powerful democra-
cies gathered in Paris today for their
"I think we can reach an understand-
with most routine day-to-day business.
ing," Mr. Bush said. "At the conclusion
On the environment, which will play
15th annual economic summit meeting,
to be held in the afterglow of France's
of the meeting you'll see seven coun-
a larger role here than at any previous
tries in harmony, pulling together on
summit meeting, there is also a diver-
200th birthday bash, and fell at once to
arguing over how far they should go in
matters like the environment, the
gence of approach. Officials who have
condemning China for bloodily crush-
economies and trade."
handled the preparations for the meet-
ing student-led protests with troops
The President promised in his
ing predict an agreement to work to-
travels this week to ask Congress for
gether to save tropical rain forests and
and tanks.
$100 million for Poland and $25 million
to pay for major new research efforts.
Backstage discussion on the eve of
for Hungary, to seek rescheduling of
But the United States, backed by Prime
the conference, which opens Friday af-
some of the two nations' debts and to
Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain,
ternoon in the glass pyramid designed
as a new entrance to the Louvre by the
urge the allies to help, too. Experts ex-
opposes the establishment of strict in-
pect them to agree, perhaps this week-
ternational standards favored by some
American architect I. M. Pei, also cen-
tered on proposals to fight global pollu-
end, but wonder whether the overall
of the other countries.
package of aid will be large enough to
Prime Minister Sousuke Uno of
tion and on calls, especially from the
French, for much greater aid to the
have a significant effect.
Japan, whose standing at home has
world's poor nations.
Brent Scowcroft, Mr. Bush's national
been battered by a sex scandal, is hop-
The United States, often the target of
security adviser, said the President
ing to start repairing his standing here,
planned to set no quotas in bidding for
according to members of the Japanese
criticism at these yearly events, is in a
allied support. But he may well make a
delegation. One topic he will emphasize
stronger position this time, with inter-
fairly emotional appeal; he said today
is the environment, and Japan an-
est rates falling, the dollar steadier and
that he had been deeply moved by the
nounced today that it would spend $2.1
the economy seemingly headed for a
soft landing, rather than a recession, as
longing for change he encountered in
billion to help poorer nations protect
Eastern Europe.
their rain forests.
growth slows. Indeed, the seven big in-
dustrial powers, which Treasury Sec-
Role of the Environment
retary Nicholas F. Brady calls "the en-
The host of this week's events, Presi-
gine of the world economy," are all
dent François Mitterrand, is pressing
doing well.
the other conference participants -
Robert D. Hormats, vice chairman of
the United States, West Germany, Brit-
Goldman Sachs International, who has
ain, Italy, Canada and Japan - to con-
played an important role in a number
demn China. But Japan, Asia's sole
of conferences since the first one at
voice in the councils of the seven, is re-
Rambouillet near Paris in 1975, com-
portedly urging caution to prevent Bei-
mented the other day, "The leaders
jing from becoming isolated and forced
have the right to do a little back pat-
to turn again toward Moscow.
ting."
NEW YORK TIMES, /89, p. A6
-22-
FRANCE CELEBRATES
was greeted by boos and shouts by peo-
ple clustered at the security perimeter.
A DAY OF HISTORY
Mrs. Thatcher, in an interview with the
daily Le Monde published on Wednes-
day, declared that "human rights did
not start with the French Revolution."
Mrs. Thatcher found an earlier, Brit-
World Leaders Join Start of
ish beginning for human rights in
The guests here for the revolutionary
Magna Carta of 1215 and in "our quiet
Week of Events on 200th
bicentennial and a seven-nation sum-
revolution of 1688," noting that Britain
mit gathering of industrial nations will
had celebrated this second event "dis-
Year of the Revolution
meet on Friday and over the weekend
creetly" last year.
in two other Mitterrand monuments -
Mitterrand Criticized
under I. M. Pei's glass pyramid in the
By JAMES M. MARKHAM
Louvre and at the towering Arche de la
The British leader was clearly get-
Défense on the western outskirts of the
ting in a dig at Mr. Mitterrand, who has
Special to The New York Times
been widely accused in France of vain-
city.
PARIS, July 13 - As if to make Paris
High on a sculpted white balcony
gloriously exploiting the bicentenary
again the center of the world, François
for his own aggrandizement while cut-
overlooking the opera house's main
Mitterrand today presided over the
ting off the people of Paris from a
auditorium, President Bush and his
opening of a week of ceremony to mark
wife, Barbara, were given the place of
traditionally popular holiday.
the bicentennial of one of the pivotal
honor next to Mr. Mitterrand to hear an
Traffic and parking have been se-
events of history, the French Revolu-
verely restricted in the heart of Paris
80-minute program of French opera
tion.
arias that was choreographed and di-
to assure the security of the presidents
The French President invited lead-
and prime ministers, and the Louvre
rected by Robert Wilson, an American.
ers from both rich and poor countries
The performance was set against
and the Musée d'Orsay have been
for celebrations to include the opening
closed to permit them to visit undis-
starkly abstract decorative screens. At
tonight of the new opera house on the
turbed by the masses.
the end of the stage in the opening
Place de la Bastille, where the Revolu-
scene stood a giant chair next to a
Even the Count of Paris, pretender to
tion began, to be followed by days of
torch. Mr. Wilson, sitting in the audi-
the French throne and normally a Mit-
traditional dancing, fireworks and
terrand fan, announced that he was
ence, jokingly observed, "Some people
merry-making in the streets of Paris.
leaving the capital because of the "ex-
think it's a guillotine."
Yet the tight security measures im-
aggerated sumptuousness" of the cele-
There was enthusiastic applause at
posed to protect the leaders from Eu-
the end, but some experts in the new
brations "for the epoch in which WE
live."
rope, the Americas, Asia and Africa ap-
hall found its acoustics less stunning
peared to have put something of a
Piqued by such criticism, Mr. Mitter-
than expected. Sitting in the first row,
damper on the mood in the city, which
rand denied in a long interview with the
August Everding, general director of
has been abandoned by many Pari-
magazine L'Express that there was
the Munich Opera, pronounced the
sians for the duration.
anything "gigantic" about the festivi-
sound from the stage "a bit dry," al-
With gawking Parisians and tourists
ties, adding loftily:
though he hailed the Wilson show as "a
barricaded from the square where the
good beginning" for the opeΓa house.
"I will be a candidate for nothing
dread Bastille prison once stood, Mr.
again. I am a free man. I have no need
After the opera, the leaders swept in
Mitterrand and his guests attended an
to please anyone. I try to do my best, in
their motorcades to the Musée 'Orsay
inaugural concert of French arias at
remaining faithful to my convictions."
on the Left Bank of the Seine for a din-
the gleaming new Bastille Opera.
ner at which Mr. Mitterrand was host.
Seeking to counter reports that the
Ideals, Terror, Dictatorship
Earlier in the day, Mr. Mitterrand,
bicentennial had become a fabulously
The upheaval that exploded with the
Mr. Bush and some 30 other heads of
costly affair, Prime Minister Michel
attack on the Bastille on July 14, 1789,
state and government gathered at the
Rocard's office released statistics
toppled Europe's most splendid mon-
Place du Trocadéro facing the Eiffel
showing that it would cost $72 million,
archy and proclaimed the ideals of
Tower for a 15-minute ceremony to
including $15 million for à festivity at
the Eiffel Tower organized last month
democractic government, but it ulti-
commemorate the Declaration of the
by Mayor Jaoques Chirac and attended
mately descended into terror and in-
Rights of Man and the Citizen, pro-
by Ronald and Nancy Reagan.
stalled Napoleon's military dictator-
claimed in 1789 before the Revolution
ship. It thus anticipated both modern
took a darker turn.
And there was, indeed, a bicentennial
parliamentary democracies and 20th-
Under a bright sun, actors read ex-
party given by the Government for the
century totalitarian regimes.
cerpts from the declaration and quota-
public tonight. More than 10,000 Pari-
The mammoth Bastille Opera, which
tions from French revolutionary lead-
sians crowded into the Place de la
has been plagued by artistic contro-
ers, and 48 children from 15 nations
République to listen to rock and jazz
music and to dance.
versy and political rivalries, is one of
sang and placed wreaths at a stone in-
several bold monuments that Mr. Mit-
scription of the document. Five hun-
The party seemed part street fair,
terrand has ordered built across Paris
dred doves were released into the blue
part carnival, with music blaring,
since coming to power in 1981. The
Paris sky.
merry-go-rounds spinning and vendors
President conceived of it as a "modern
Arriving at the ceremony, Prime
selling beer, cotton candy and red
and popular opera," but the 2,700
Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain
phrygian bonnets imitating those worn
guests in attendance represented
200 years ago.
Paris's artistic, sports and industrial
elite.
NEW YORK TIMES, 7/14/89, p.
White House News Summary -- Friday, July 14, 1989 -- A-1
TRIP NEWS
BUSH TO PUSH E. EUROPE AID
PARIS -- President Bush came to Paris Thursday to celebrate the 200th
anniversary of the French Revolution and enlist the help of other nations
to support the "wave of freedom" he saw on his visit to Poland and Hungary.
Bush has made his top priority for the annual summit of seven advanced
industrial democracies taking place in conjunction with the bicentennial
festivities the mobilization of economic aid for the nations of Eastern
Europe now trying to develop a form of pluralist democracy and
market-oriented economy under the benign gaze of Soviet leader Gorbachev.
The President told reporters that his four days in Poland and Hungary
left him with a "real acute sense now of the change that's taking place in
Eastern Europe and a determination to play a constructive role in that
change." He said he hopes the more than $100 million he pledged in direct
assistance to the two countries will encourage other countries to increase
their aid -- a wish that seems certain to be fulfilled in Sunday's
concluding communique.
"The thing that's impressive," he told reporters on Air Force One, "is
the determination on the part of all these leaders to move towards economic
freedom and political freedom. "
(David Broder, Washington Post, A1)
Bush/Paris
PARIS -- President Bush supplied the key [to the Bastille] to help
unlock the biggest birthday party in French history Thursday as swanky
dinners and the opera took center stage after the president's four-day trip
to Eastern Europe
With his historic trip to Poland and Hungary still very much on his
mind, Bush indicated he would be urging the other summit leaders to step
forward with assistance packages of their own to further economic and
political reform behind the Iron Curtain
National Security Adviser Scowcroft said the President would encourage
his summit partners to create a "clearinghouse" to avoid duplication of the
assistance packages offered by the rich nations.
(AP)
Bush Arrives In Paris For Summit With World Leaders
PARIS -- President Bush arrived here Thursday from Budapest for
Friday's opening of an economic summit of leaders of the seven major
industrialized democracies. A French official said the three-day meeting
may wind up divided on whether to recommend further sanctions against
China
Gen. Scowcroft said Thursday that the President will resist efforts to
toughen the sanctions, including a pullout of diplomats from China and a
suspension of new trade agreements
The prospect of a division over China was one of several publicized
results of about 20 bilateral meetings
among representatives of the 34
nations gathered here for the summit and for the bicentennial celebration
of the French Revolution
Scowcroft said Bush was reluctant to have the United States act as a
coordinator among various Western countries for providing aid to Hungary
and Poland. Bush views the U.S. role as that of a clearinghouse among the
various countries. "We cannot step on each other's toes as we go forward
to help this process,' Scowcroft said. (Stephen Kurkjian, Boston Globe)
-more-
House News Summary -- Friday, July 14, 1989 -- A-2
U.S. SEES ENVIRONMENT DOMINATING
)zone, Climate, Deforestation Issues Displace Economy At Summit
ARIS -- President Bush arrived here Thursday from his swing through
and Hungary to participate in his first economic summit, ready to
that the global economic situation is so favorable that it needs
nstead, fixing as the United States sees it, the summit will focus for the
time on environmental problems, including depletion of the ozone
climate changes and deforestation around the world.
thers, however, suggest that if the summit communique turns out to be
of major economic news, it will be as much because of a
oration of the process of economic coordination as the successes Bush
ady are touting.
(Hobart Rowen, Washington Post, A29)
TRIP BARES BLOC'S YEARNING FOR WEST
UDAPEST
--
This week, President Bush carried out his
rentiation" policy, selecting for presidential visits the two Eastern
countries that have legalized their opposition parties and opened
markets to private capital -- and, in the process, snubbing their
rthodox Communist neighbors
he ultimate importance of the Polish and Hungarian visits lies in the
nge they present to the two Warsaw Pact nations' senior partners in
', although Bush, Secretary of State Baker and other Administration
ound briefers have insisted that it is not the intent.
'y showing the world the continued yearning of Poles and Hungarians to
1 the Western world after more than 40 years of isolation, Bush gave
impetus to the drive for ending the division of Europe into two armed
Despite the denials, both Bush and Gorbachev keep an eye on each other
they travel on alien turf. After his speech at an East-West Forum
eon at the Budapest Hilton today, the Foreign Ministry's Kovaks
ed himself to rush off to brief the Soviet ambassador on Bush's visit.
(News Analysis, A.D. Horne, Washington Post, A28)
FIRST LADY RIPS UP SPEECH, TOO
PARIS -- Following her husband's lead, First Lady Barbara Bush ripped
speech at a hospital dedication and spoke from "the heart."
"I want to show you that I learned something from my husband in
I'm going to give up my speech and just tell you that speaking
ry the heart, as he did," said Mrs. Bush, moved by a personal honor
ded in the dedication ceremony.
"This is one of the nicest things that ever could happen to me and
shly I feel like you've stretched my life a little bit because now I'm
plaque," she said, referring to a plaque noting that the Florence
1 Pavilion and the C.V. Starr International Center for Medical Exchange
inaugurated by her during the President's visit
Four children who were once out-patients at American Hospital gave
Bush a silver cup, replicas of which are given to every new mother at
hospital, and a copy of a cookbook compiled by the hospital to raise
(Karin Davies, UPI)
y.
OR'S NOTE: 'Spotlight Is On France As World Leaders Gather For
ille Day, Summit,' appears in The Washington Post, page A29.
###
CBS This Morning
WUSA-TV
CBS Network
July 14, 1989 7:10 A.M.
Washington, D.C.
General Brent Scowcroft Discusses Arms Control Issues
KATHLEEN SULLIVAN: Today marks President Bush's first
Economic Summit abroad. And following his swing through Poland
and Hungary, the President is now expected to push for support
from the economic allies for the democratic reforms in those two
countries. But arms control is also on the White House agenda,
with NATO yesterday outlining it latest arms reduction proposals.
Brent Scowcroft is the President's National Security
Adviser, and he talked with Harry in Paris earlier this morning.
HARRY SMITH: We see this morning that the Soviets have
decided to agree to cuts in cruise missiles. Is that good news
to you?
GENERAL BRENT SCOWCROFT: Well, I've only seen the early
reports of it. from what I understand, they're proposing to
eliminate nuclear-armed cruise missiles, sea-launched cruise
missiles. That's one of the open areas in START.
We've had a number of proposals back and forth. We'll
have to look at this one carefully and see what it means.
Verification is a terrible problem.
SMITH: It's a big, big problem with cruise missiles. I
understand that.
It seems, though, that a day, or at least a week doesn't
go buy when they don't say yes to some other idea.
PUBLIC DIVIDED ON GOALS IN SPACE
(New York Times)
No Byline
A-31
MOON WALK AND SPACE BLUES
(Washington Times)
Thomas DiBacco
A-32
NOBODY'S GONE TO THE MOON
(Washington Times)
Editorial
A-33
19 SECONDS IN EAGLE'S DESCENT
Charles Murray &
(Washington Post)
Catherine Bly Cox
A-34
REGIONAL FOCUS
SOUTH ASIA: ZONE OF THE NEW GREAT
POWERS (Defense & Foreign Affairs)
Gregory Copley
B-1
JAPAN: REBIRTH OF INDEPENDENT
MILITARY POWER (Defense & Foreign
Affairs)
James Phillips
B-5
JAPANESE PLAN FOR TILT-ROTOR
AIRCRAFT (Jane's Defence Weekly)
No Byline
B-7
NATO
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SECURITY
Henry Owen
(Foreign Affairs)
Edward C. Meyer
B-8
FRENCH SALE TO SAUDI ARABIA TOPS
18-BN. FF (Defense & Foreign
Affairs)
No Byline
B-22
OPINION
1914'S SHADOW ON THE EUROPE OF
TODAY (Long Island Newsday)
Samuel Williamson
B-23
SOVIET THREAT
GROWTH IN STRENGTH OF SOVIET
PACIFIC FLEET (Jane's Defence
Weekly)
G. Jacobs
B-25
THE SS-19 MISSILE SYSTEM: THE
LOGICAL EXPANSION OF SOVIET
MIRV TECHNOLOGY (Military
Technology)
Rolf Engel
B-27
SUKHOI REVEALS NAVAL FLANKER
VARIANT (Flight International)
No Byline
B-31
ESTIMATED SOVIET NUCLEAR
STOCKPILE, JULY 1989 (Bulletin
of the Atomic Scientists)
No Byline
B-35
SCOWCROFT
CONTINUED
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, you know, that's very hopeful.
And it was partly to take advantage of their forthcoming, more
forthcoming rhetoric that we made the proposal that we did at the
NATO summit. And now we, for our part, are about two months
ahead of having that proposal ready for tabling at Geneva.
So, we're very optimistic. And if they follow up now,
then I think there's no reason we shouldn't have some progress.
SMITH: You have been in this business an awful long
time. Do they continue to surprise you in this manner?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Yes, they do. If one looks at the
historical process, yes, it's very different. They used to just
sit back and wait for our proposals, and then drag their feet and
reluctantly move along a little bit here, a little bit there.
Now it's a real dialogue. There's not too much in the way of
results yet, but the dialogue is considerably improved.
SMITH: We look at you in the role of National Security
Adviser, sort of a strategist-soldier. And I'm wondering how
your expertise comes into play at something like this, at an
Economic Summit.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, the Economic Summit has
several parts to it. The first is, you know, a review of the
national strategies of each country, economically. Then there is
also a political discussion of the elements that the seven want
to emphasize in a political sense. And that certainly is a part
of my responsibility. Then there will be emphasis on Third World
debt, and that gets into the security issues.
Then, the other emphasis this time is the environment.
And I don't play a big role.
SMITH: What is at the top of the President's agenda for
this summit?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: I think the top of his agenda comes
right out of his visit to Poland and Hungary. And what he wants
to do is to tell the other six what he found, the historic change
he feels is taking place in Eastern Europe, and the fact that the
West needs to be aware of it and to take advantage of it, to
encourage it without trying to turn it into a destabilizing
direction.
SMITH: Third World countries have complained, as they
look at this summit meeting, the haves getting together, and they
feel like they're forgetting the have-nots.
Especially in this age of incredibly - - this rapid
disarmament that seems to be going on, should countries be
shifting their focus more in that direction, more toward those
Third World countries and their needs?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, I think we can be thinking in
those directions. But the whole armaments talk is so far just
rhetoric, mostly just rhetoric. So we can't let our thoughts get
too far ahead of the actuality.
But, yes, I think, you know, the attention of this
summit is primarily on other than military, or even East-West
relations. It's importantly on the environment, which is a
worldwide problem; on Third World debt, which certainly is a
concern to a number of the developing countries.
SMITH: We should assure you that you're not under fire
this morning. That's just some fireworks going off for the
celebration here.
Brent Scowcroft, we thank you so much for joining US.
SCOWCROFT
CONTINUED
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, you know, that's very hopeful.
And it was partly to take advantage of their forthcoming, more
forthcoming rhetoric that we made the proposal that we did at the
NATO summit. And now we, for our part, are about two months
ahead of having that proposal ready for tabling at Geneva.
So, we're very optimistic. And if they follow up now,
then I think there's no reason we shouldn't have some progress.
SMITH: You have been in this business an awful long
time. Do they continue to surprise you in this manner?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Yes, they do. If one looks at the
historical process, yes, it's very different. They used to just
sit back and wait for our proposals, and then drag their feet and
reluctantly move along a little bit here, a little bit there.
Now it's a real dialogue. There's not too much in the way of
results yet, but the dialogue is considerably improved.
SMITH: We look at you in the role of National Security
Adviser, sort of a strategist-soldier. And I'm wondering how
your expertise comes into play at something like this, at an
Economic Summit.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, the Economic Summit has
several parts to it. The first is, you know, a review of the
national strategies of each country, economically. Then there is
also a political discussion of the elements that the seven want
to emphasize in a political sense. And that certainly is a part
of my responsibility. Then there will be emphasis on Third World
debt, and that gets into the security issues.
Then, the other emphasis this time is the environment.
And I don't play a big role.
SMITH: What is at the top of the President's agenda for
this summit?
POST
Scowcroft Says U.S. Will Study
Soviet Offers on Cruise Missiles
Associated Press
In Moscow, Col. Gen. Nikolai
PARIS, July 14-National
Chervov said the Kremlin would
security adviser Brent Scow-
be willing to give up the sea-
croft said today the Bush admin-
launched cruise missiles de-
istration will take a close look at
pending on U.S. actions. Cher-
Spviet offers to give up sea-
vov, chief of the arms control
launched nuclear cruise missiles
directorate of the Soviet Gen-
if the United States would do
eral Staff, said it was a "progres-
the same.
sive suggestion" to eliminate
."That's one of the open areas
nuclear cruise missiles.
in START," Scowcroft said in
The comments marked a de-
eference to the U.S.-Soviet
parture from the previous So-
egotiations to limit strategic
viet stance on the issue at the
trms. "We've had a number of
U.S.-Soviet arms negotiations
robosals back and forth. We'll
taking place in Geneva. The So-
have to look at this one carefully
viets' earlier position would
and see what it means."
have allowed each side to retain
However, Scowcroft said ver-
up to 400 nuclear-armed cruise
ification remains a serious prob-
missiles.
lem. Scowcroft, who is in Paris
The Soviets, said Chervov,
Cliwith President Bush for the eco-
would prefer to give up all
nomic summit of the seven
cruise missiles at sea, but faced
Western industrialized nations,
with the U.S. Navy's strong de-
was interviewed on the CBS
sire to keep conventionally
"This Morning" television pro-
armed missiles, "we are coming
gram.
to this."
-26-
Bush Credits Moscow
With Change in East Bloc
By MAUREEN DOWD
Special to The New York Times
PARIS, July 13 - President Bush
aspiring to," he said.
"But I'm afraid other people are
said today that the changes transform-
Aims to Please Soviet Leader
ing Eastern Europe are "absolutely
looking at it saying what's happened
Although some critics felt that Mr.
does not enhance the possibilities of
amazing," and credited the Soviet
Union with making those changes pos-
Bush had been too cautious and low-
election. So the U.S. policy is set, and
sible.
key in his appeals to democracy, as a
I'm the President of the United States,
sop to Mr. Gorbachev, the President
and Israel is a friend and will remain a
Mr. Bush's buoyant reflections on his
five-day trip to Poland and Hungary
made it clear that he wanted the Soviet
friend, but I have to say what our policy
is."
were a far cry from the tart skepticism
leader to be pleased with his trip rather
he maintained toward President Mi-
than irritated.
Asked if he was under pressure
khail S. Gorbachev of the Soviet Union
Mr. Bush, who once insisted it was
about his Israel policy, the President
and changes in Eastern Europe during
important not to take a romantic view
replied: "They've got great difficulties
inside of Israel. I understand that. I un-
his campaign and the opening months
of the Soviet leader, said today that he
of his Administration.
intended to have regular meetings with
derstand the political pressures. But I
Mr. Gorbachev.
can't be varying U.S. policy every day
'Right From the Heart'
He rejected suggestions that the
to accommodate political change. I'm
United States was dragging its feet on
not going to do that."
"I am firmly convinced that this
wave of freedom, if you will, is the
arms control as "pure nonsense," and
Before the Bushes left Budapest, he
wave of the future," President Bush
said he does not listen when Soviet
stopped to place flowers at the Raoul
said, as he flew on Air Force One from
spokesmen say the Soviets cannot
Wallenberg Memorial, dedicated to the
Budapest to Paris today to attend the
meet the reduction timetables on Mr.
Swedish diplomat who helped Jews es-
economic summit and the celebration
Bush's conventional arms proposal. "I
cape Nazis during the war. Thousands
don't think Gorbachev wants to slow
of people lined the route from the me-
of the 200th anniversary of the French
Revolution. "And I would expect that
down an agreement on conventional
morial to the airport.
this visit has been watched by the peo-
arms," the President said. "I think he
When the President arrived in Paris,
ple of other Eastern European coun-
wants to move forward there and on
he went to a lunch at which President
tries and hopefully given encourage-
the strategic arms talks, and so do
François Mitterrand was the host. He
we."
sat between Mr. Mitterrand and Presi-
ment to those who want to go to the
path of reform."
The President said he was particu-
dent Hosni Mubarak of Egypt.
larly struck by how emotional his
After lunch the President met pri-
He said he had been surprised at
meetings with Hungarian leaders
vately with President Mitterrand in an
"the feeling and emotion of it all," and
said the meetings were not "your tradi-
were, and by the warmth of Gen. Woj-
ornate gilded room at the palace.
tional 'I'll read my cards and you read
ciech Jaruzelski, the Polish leader. Mr.
General Scowcroft said afterward
Bush said the general "is really out
that the two leaders spent most of their
your cards' kind of diplomacy.'
front in the reforms,"
time talking about President Bush's
Communist and opposition leaders
trip to Hungary and to Poland, which
"spoke right from the heart" to him, he
Reaffirms Policy on Israel
Mr. Mitterrand visited recently.
said, and he tried to respond in kind.
The President also reaffirmed the
"It was very special in that regard,"
Administration's policy on Israel and
he said. "There's an intensity to it, a
the future of the occupied territories.
fervor, that moved me very much."
"We might as well be frank with our
Of his meetings with the Communist
friends, because that's what friendship
leaders in Poland and Hungary, Mr.
is about," he said. "And so I want to see
Bush said: "I made very clear to them
things go forward in terms of the peace
that, you know, we are not there to poke
process over there. And we want to see
a stick in the eye of Mr. Gorbachev -
the election process go forward. And if
just the opposite, to encourage the very
anybody can make a case for me that
kind of reforms that he is championing,
and more reforms."
the recent deliberations in that party
will enhance the election process, then
Asked if it was Mr. Gorbachev's ap-
I'd say, great," the President said.
proach to East-West relations that has
He was referring to the Likud Par-
given people in Eastern Europe the li-
ty's decision last week to attach strict
cense to make changes, Mr. Bush
conditions to Prime Minister Yizhak
agreed and said he wanted to "repeat
for the umpteenth time" that he wants
Shamir's plan for elections among
Palestinians in the occupied West Bank
to see perestroika succeed.
and Gaza Strip. Some members of the
"I think without the change in the
Labor Party and many Palestinians
Soviet Union it would have been highly
say the conditions would kill the pro-
unlikely that Eastern Europe would be
posal for elections in the occupied terri-
achieving the kinds of changes that it is
tories.
NEW YORK TIMES, 7/14/89, p. A6
-25-
Economic Scene
Leonard Silk
Bush's Caution
In Eastern Europe
P
RESIDENT BUSH's run-up to the Paris eco-
The Communist Party leaders of Poland and
nomic summit conference through Poland
and Hungary has been a modest triumph not
Hungary are determined to hang onto the term
only for the American President but also for demo-
"socialism" for their system, but are willing to ef-
cratic capitalism.
fect a grand compromise with their opponents by
With an overstrained budget of his own, Mr.
calling it "democratic neo-socialism." Neo-social-
ism in the Communist world is now taking its place
Bush did not have much in the way of direct dollar
aid to offer. The Poles grumbled a bit but took Mr.
beside the past decade's capitalist neologisms:
"neo-conservatism' and "neo-liberalism."
Bush's pronouncements and obvious good will as
None of the three terms has a crystal-clear
vouchers of more important support to come -
from Mr. Bush's summit partners, the World Bank
meaning. Neo-conservatism represented a disaf-
and other international agencies. They are also
fection on the part of some former socialist intel-
hoping for more investment from foreign busi-
lectuals, and some conservative politicians, with
nesses.
the failures of the welfare state. Neo-liberalism
In Hungary, speaking at the Karl Marx Univer-
represented a departure of some liberal politi-
sity of Economic Science, where Marx's "Das
cians, worried about inflation and sluggish growth,
Kapital" is no longer required reading, Mr. Bush
from overreliance on government to solve social
pledged to open American markets to Hungarian
problems or spur economic growth.
goods and send the first Peace Corps volunteers to
But what the three "neos" have in common is an
a Communist country. The Peace Corps there
enhanced respect for the virtues of the free market
would teach English, which Mr. Bush called one of
and business enterprise. And this is the ace in Mr.
the most popular American exports, very useful
Bush's hand as he seeks to build bridges with East-
for making international business deals.
ern Europe and, most important, with the Soviet
Union.
Mr. Bush's symbolism was carefully chosen to
encourage expectations that the real benefits to the
His overtures to the leaders, intellectuals and
Communist countries would come from a closer
laboring people of Poland and Hungary were
relationship with Western business and technolo-
couched in terms that would not alarm the Soviet
gy, and from the economic and political reform of
President, Mikhail S. Gorbachev, that he was
their own systems. But he carefully avoided creat-
trying to draw the Communist ("neo-socialist")
ing the impression that he was trying to lure them
states away from Mr. Gorbachev and back to the
back to capitalism.
capitalist West. Mr. Gorbachev has reportedly told
Both the Polish and Hungarian leaders, as well
the Communist leaders in Eastern Europe, "You
as their critics in the universities and trade unions,
can do what you like, as long as you don't slap my
seem to realize, as Lech Walesa, the leader of Soli-
face."
darity, told David Rockefeller and Peter G. Peter-
They are trying, with Mr. Bush's help, to avoid
son at a dinner in Warsaw earlier this year, "Com-
doing so. The economic model they are searching
munism is kaput."
for is what they consider the true system of the
But what is to take its place remains a mystery
Western democracies: a "mixed economy," with
that the politicians and economists are desperately
both capitalist and socialist elements.
trying to solve, whether it fits Communist ideology
And they are counting on Mr. Gorbachev to help
or not. A top Hungarian official told Mr. Rockefel-
them get through, partly by keeping his pledge not
ler and Mr. Peterson: "I've spent half a lifetime in-
to intervene militarily in their countries, partly by
venting ideology. It is time to confront reality."
cuts in military forces that will ease the economic
Mr. Peterson observed: "Sometimes an unusual
burdens on both East and West.
metaphor helps out in the almost metaphysical dis-
The most serious problem facing the Eastern
cussions we listened to. Prime Minister Rykowski,
European countries and the Soviet Union, endan-
an authentic intellectual, was going on quite elo-
gering their democratic reforms, is their poor eco-
quently about the profound virtues of market-ori-
nomic performance. This stems from their enor-
ented economies and democratization, while in a
mous budget deficits, repressed inflation and the
very capitalistic dark blue suit, white shirt and
inefficiency of their enterprises. These cannot be
dark tie." But the Americans noticed that the Pol-
cured without bringing down military outlays, in-
ish leader's "largely hidden socks were bright
troducing a free price system, achieving a convert-
red."
ible currency and reducing the economic role of
party hacks and bureaucrats.
NEW YORK TIMES, 7/14/89, p. D2
Los Angeles Times
JULY 16, 1989
Pg. V-2
Building New Anti-Satellite Weapons
Could Shoot Down National Security
By Noel Gayler and Matthew Bunn
In part, Defense Department ASAT
destabilizing in crisis. Sudden destruction
WASHINGTON
desires are a response to an existing
of a critical early-warning or communica-
Soviet space weapon, separate from the
tions satellite would inevitably heighten
n a dramatic new step toward military
glasnost, the Soviet Union permitted a
Sary Shagan laser. For six years, the
the danger of a confrontation spiraling out
group of Americans to tour the top-
Soviet Union has unilaterally refrained
of control. As Brent Scowcroft concluded
secret laser research station at Sary
from testing its primitive ASAT, but U.S.
before becoming President Bush's na-
Shagan this month. Far from the danger-
ASAT tests would impel the Soviets to
tional security adviser, "all scenarios
ous beam-weapon threat to U.S. satellites
develop far more threatening ASATs than
involving the use of ASATs
increase
that the Pentagon had long touted, the
they have today. Reigniting this cycle of
the risks of accident, misperception and
visit revealed an antiquated laser far too
action and response is a formula for an
inadvertent escalation."
weak to be a threat. Demolishing the
unending arms race, turning the depths of
An ASAT system is certain to be
myth of a "laser gap," the visit should
space into yet another potential battle-
expensive, draining funds from other
help slow a Pentagon drive to build new
ground.
crucial programs. The Pentagon plans to
That would be a disaster for the United
spend more than $1 billion on ASAT
anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons. And that
is good news; such weapons are a can of
States. While dependence on satellites in
development over the next five years;
worms best left unopened.
future confrontations will vary, our mili-
experience shows that deployment would
Orbiting spacecraft have become es-
tary forces are likely to be far more
cost billions more. Once the program is
sential to U.S. national security. Military
space-dependent than the Soviets'. The
underway, momentum to continue will
forces rely on them for intelligence on
Soviet Union is a land power; most
inevitably build-good money after bad.
potential adversaries, for early warning of
potential arenas of conflict are near its
Fortunately, it is not too late for an
attack, for communications, command,
borders. The United States is an oceanic
ASAT agreement to avoid these costs and
navigation and other indispensable tasks.
power with global responsibilities, mak-
dangers. The Soviet ASAT is a dog-slow.
Yet rather than working toward an
ing space support essential. U.S. forces
unreliable, capable of only low-altitude
agreement to limit threats to these satel-
around the world would be crippled if the
attack, susceptible to countermeasures
lites, the Defense Department is pushing
satellites they rely on were destroyed.
and untested since 1982. Our ASAT
for immediate ASAT development-a
We need to know. Even in the age of
technology is better but the planned
move that would inevitably spur the
glasnost, Soviet society remains far less
systems are not yet tested or deployed.
Soviets to build advanced ASATs of their
open than our own. The Soviets can learn
Now is the time to deal; preventing
own, dramatically increasing the threat to
most of what they need to know from
either side from building a robust ASAT
our critical spacecraft.
technical journals, congressional hearings
capability will be easier than limiting one
This ASAT program is ostensibly sepa-
and the U.S. media. For the United States,
already developed. As the tour of Sary
rate from the still-unrealistic Strategic
satellites are essential to keep tabs on
Shagan indicates, the Soviets are eager to
Defense Initiative against missiles. While
Soviet developments-not to mention ac-
negotiate, having unilaterally ceased
many of the technologies are the same-
tivities in such countries as Libya and
testing and having proposed an ASAT test
from homing rockets to giant lasers-the
Iran. Without secure spacecraft, we
ban, combined with dismantlement of
problem of shooting down a few satellites
would be virtually blind and deaf.
their existing system.
in predictable orbits is infinitely simpler
Worse, quick-strike threats to both
We should grab that deal-with some
to resolve.
sides' spacecraft could be dangerously
haggling over specifics. An ASAT ban is
in U.S. interest. Rejecting a ban in favor of
lites at affordable cost. Satellite-surviva-
structive measures would be far less
an aggressive ASAT program could chill
bility measures are essential with or
provocative than using an ASAT weapon.
the warming of U.S.-Soviet relations. And
without agreement. Combined with an
More important, the naval threat posed
in today's multipolar world, it is worth
ASAT test ban to prevent development of
by Soviet satellites pales in comparison
remembering that virtually every nation
more threatening space weapons, they
with advantages the U.S. Navy derives
on earth has called for agreements to head
would ensure that a Soviet ASAT attack
from its own spacecraft-all of which
off an arms race in space.
would fail-the best kind of deterrence.
could be threatened if an ASAT race is
Current and evolving intelligence capa-
Deterrence without an ASAT agree-
renewed. That goes double for the other
bilities can readily verify an ASAT test
ment is unlikely to work. With Moscow's
U.S. military services, which face even
ban, particularly when combined with
lower dependence on space, cheaper sat-
less threat from Soviet satellites.
on-site inspections and other cooperative
ellites and huge rocket replacement in-
Two paths lie open: To build a U.S.
measures. The cold, black background of
ventory, Soviet leaders would have com-
ASAT weapon will inexorably lead to new
space makes monitoring of many types of
paratively little to fear from a tit-for-tat
Soviet ASATs; soon even the outermost
ASAT activities comparatively easy.
space shoot-out.
reaches of space will offer no sanctuary.
There are those who resist a ban and
Other ASAT supporters say we need to
But if we deal now, and prudently protect
argue that any agreement would leave
be able to shoot down threatening Soviet
U.S. satellites against residual ASAT
some "residual" ASAT capabilities. That
satellites. Soviet ship-tracking satellites
threats, we can continue to rely on the
is perfectly true, but such left-over
do pose a limited threat to U.S. surface
enormous benefits of secure spacecraft.
threats-from Soviet space shuttles, for
fleets-though efforts to detect subma-
The intelligence choice, then, is the
example-are minor compared to the
rines from space have yet to prove
intelligent one.
devastating space weapons the Soviets
themselves, and probably never will. But
could build in the absence of agreement.
the Soviets have other, more effective
Noel Gayler, a retired admiral, was com-
Others argue for an American ASAT to
means of tracking U.S. ships and the
mander in chief, Pacific, and director of the
deter use of the Soviet system. But the
tracking satellites can be stymied by
National Security Agency. Matthew Bunn
Soviets have offered to dismantle their
electronic countermeasures plus other
is a senior research analyst at the Arms
ASAT. If we fear that a few might be
tactics already developed and proven in
Control Association.
hidden away, we can protect U.S. satel-
naval exercises. In a crisis, these non-de-
own, dramatically increasing the threat to
most
of
what
they
naart
our critical spacecraft.
technical journals, congressional hearings
capability will be easier than limiting one
This ASAT program is ostensibly sepa-
and the U.S. media. For the United States,
already developed. As the tour of Sary
rate from the still-unrealistic Strategic
satellites are essential to keep tabs on
Shagan indicates, the Soviets are eager to
Defense Initiative against missiles. While
Soviet developments-not to mention ac-
negotiate, having unilaterally ceased
many of the technologies are the same-
tivities in such countries as Libya and
testing and having proposed an ASAT test
from homing rockets to giant lasers-the
Iran. Without secure spacecraft, we
ban, combined with dismantlement of
problem of shooting down a few satellites
would be virtually blind and deaf.
their existing system.
in predictable orbits is infinitely simpler
Worse, quick-strike threats to both
We should grab that deal-with some
to resolve.
sides' spacecraft could be dangerously
haggling over specifics. An ASAT ban is
SENSE
CONTINUED
acquisition organizational reform without
ought to be broken into two phases.
provide clear and concise guidelines on
solving this generic intestinal problem
The first phase should determine
acceptable common sense application.
is doomed.
how to proceed and how to define an ef-
The standards for conduct and ethi-
There is no question that there are
fective methodology to attack the
cal expectations must be clear, tough and
good, motivated people in Congress, the
problem. Once that can be determined,
unambiguous. The commission, in this
administration and industry who want
then the actual reform process should
second phase, ought to come up with a
to solve this problem and return to a ra-
begin in earnest. It ought to encompass
set of recommendations that can be ap-
tional DoD procurement process.
all existing legislation, including stat-
proved by the president and sent as a
To create the right focus, a special
utes, directives and regulations, as well as
fixed package to the Congress, much
presidential commission ought to be
organizations and their involvement. It
like the base closing legislation. It is im-
formed - consisting of members of
ought to aim for a clean sheet approach
perative that all three institutions -
the administration, Congress and indus-
and provide a coherent set of statutes
Congress, the administration and indus-
try There ought to be a small but high-
and regulations for government procure-
try - commit to a package resolution,
level group of principals. There should
ment that supersede most, if not all,
without allowing fractious amendments
also be a working-level group, from the
existing legislation. The reform should
from any of the three principal groups.
same participatory organizations, but
address not only the legislation itself
While such a commission is a highly
PLEASE CREDIT ANY QUOTES OR EXCERPTS FROM THIS CBS NEWS RADIO
AND TELEVISION PROGRAM TO "CBS NEWS' FACE THE NATION."
FACE THE NATION
Sunday, July 16, 1989
CBS Television Network, 10:30 AM - 11:00 AM, ET
and the
CBS Radio Network, 12:30 PM - 1:00 PM, ET
MODERATOR:
Lesley Stahl CBS News White House
Correspondent
GUESTS:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
National Security Adviser
FRED BARNES
The New Republic
PETER RIDDELL
Washington Bureau Chief,
Financial Times of London
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER:
Karen Sughrue
PRODUCER:
Carin Pratt
DIRECTOR:
Paul L. Taylor
ORIGINATION: Paris, France
C
MCMLXXXIX CBS Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Transcript by:
News Transcripts, Inc.
1333 H Street, N.W., Suite 500
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 682-9050
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
1
LESLEY STAHL: Welcome to Face The Nation. I'm Lesley
Stahl reporting from Paris, where President Bush is just wrapping
up his first economic summit with leaders of the world's richest
countries.
The president persuaded his summit partners to convene
a conference on Eastern Europe, and they called for an urgent
international effort to send emergency food aid to Poland.
BRITISH PRIME MINISTER MARGARET THATCHER: We're all
very anxious to help. And we're all helping, each in our own
way.
MS. STAHL: The Lenin shipyard, the heart and the home
of Poland's Solidarity movement, site of the emotional high point
of the president's trip.
PRESIDENT BUSH: The brave workers of Gdansk know Poland
is not alone, America stands with you.
MS. STAHL: The crowd warmed to "Georgum Bushum", as
they called him, but it was their leader Lech Walesa who won the
loudest applause. But Walesa is facing pressure from Poles who
oppose his willingness to share power with communists like General
Jaruzelski, who imprisoned Solidarity leaders. They call him a
war criminal.
But in Warsaw, and even in Gdansk, President Bush went
out of his way to praise Jaruzelski.
PRESIDENT BUSH: General Jaruzelski, who has had an
image in the states earlier on that was not a very favorable one,
is really out front in the reform. And he went out of his way to
be hospitable.
MS. STAHL: In Hungary, as in Poland, the president
showed a willingness to work with the communists in power.
PRESIDENT BUSH: We're not there to poke a stick in the
eye of Mr. Gorbachev. Just the opposite, to encourage the very
kinds of reforms that he is championing and more reforms.
MS. STAHL: Was the president too solicitous of
communists, we'll ask his national security advisor Brent Scowencing
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
2
and we'll have a discussion with Fred Warnes of the New Republic
and Peter Riddle of the London Financial Times. George Bush,
making friends in the communist bloc, an issue facing the nation.
ANNOUNCER: From CBS News, Paris, Face The Nation, with
CBS News White House correspondent, Lesley Stahl.
(Commercial announcements)
MS. STAHL: Joining us now from Paris, National Security
advisor, Brent Scowcroft. Welcome, General.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Thank you, Lesley.
MS. STAHL: Things have gone well, I take it.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Things have gone very well. We're
very pleased.
MS. STAHL: I understand that smack in the middle of
the summit meeting, you all, the summit leaders got a letter from
Gorbachev asking that the Soviet economy somehow be linked to the
world wide western economy. I'd love to know what you and what
the other leaders made of the letter, and is there any possibility
that the G-7 is going to become G-8.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: I think that is very, very premature.
This is in a way a follow up of earlier Soviet inquiries about
joining GATT, IMF, and so on. The most interesting thing though,
and here is a deliberate statement that the Soviet Union wants to
join the world economy. Whereas before, the Soviets have kept
their economy carefully isolated, intervening when they want to,
but not so that the world economy could seriously affect them.
This part of it is quite a change.
MS. STAHL: What
was the discussion like among the leaders. Were they receptive?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, they're receptive in principle.
But what you have to remember is this is a highly centralized,
non-market economy trying to integrate with very different kinds
of economies. And the Soviets have a lot of work to do, both in
terms of centralization, government fiat versus markets, convertible
rubles, a long way to go. But it is very interesting.
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
3
MS. STAHL: It seems that Soviet leaders have taken to
writing to the summit. Polish General Jaruzelski also wrote a
letter to the summit marking down specifically what kind of aid
he wants for his country. And I do know that the leaders have
agreed to a conference, which I gather is something President
Bush wanted.
Tell us more about this conference on aid to Poland and
Hungary that will be convened in just a couple of weeks. What
level of leader will go and what do you expect will come out of
it.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, this was a pleasant surprise.
I mean we've got the attention that we wanted and the agreement
to concert our action on Poland and Hungary. But the actual
agreement to convene a meetin was a surprise and occurred right
in the plenary sessions themselves.
MS. STAHL: Would you be surprised to know that Prime
Minister Kohl of Germany is taking credit for that?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Chancellor Kohl of Germany did, in
fact, introduce the idea.
MS. STAHL: And not President Bush.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: No, Chancellor Kohl introduced the
idea. And that will--all the details are yet to be determined.
But it will be the beginning of the effort really to concert our
aid, not to get a pool of money or anything like that, but to
consult among ourselves what's necessary, what each one is doing
so that we, the aid is complimentary, not competitive, and we
agree on what the priorities are.
MS. STAHL: So after the conference, the Britiso
give them an amount, the French, but no group amount
be
given.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: There will not be a group
MS. STAHL: I want to ask you about the
Europe, and why President Bush seemed to go out
compliment General Jaruzelski so many times and kept calling
FACE THE NATION July 16, 1989
4
wise and said it had courage and called him a reformer. This is
the man who instituted marshall law, put Solidarity leaders into
jail, why didn't he maintain more distance to sort of express our
displeasure or distate for his past actions?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Well, I'm not sure I agree that he
went out of his way, but I think what's important to remember
that this is not the General Jaruzelski of 1981. This is a very
different kind of a person, and what really came across in his
meetings with the president was his seriousness of purpose, his
seriousness about opening up both the political process to pluralism
and the economy. And his very frank and honest discussions of the
economic problems that Poland faces.
This is a man gripped with the problems that he's facing
and showing great sincerity in trying to deal with them. That was
impressive.
MS. STAHL: Tell us about this new policy though, of
accepting these communists despite their past actions. I mean,
you know, the tiger and his spots. Why are we--what is this new
policy, what's behind it, where we will give money to a regime
with a communist heading. Why aren't we pushing more to support
the opposition?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: What's going on now in Eastern
Europe and in some sense in the Soviet Union is a sort of a historic
transformation or transition period. The economic systems of all
these countries have failed, and in large measure so have'the
political systems. They're reaching out for new ways of dealing
with their problems. They're reaching toward us in a sense,
toward political pluralism, toward market economies.
MS. STAHL: They're still the communists.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: of course they are.
MS. STAHL: But why are we endorsing them?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Because what the president is trying
to do now is encourage them on this path, but encourage them in a
responsible way, so as not to either accelerate the process, to
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
5
get it out of control, and cause a backlash, either domestically
or on the part of the Soviet Union.
So it's walking a kind of a fine line to keep moving
them in this direction but not at an unacceptable pace, which
could kill the whole process.
MS. STAHL: Well, I think he's going to be asked a lot
of questions about whether he did find the right line. Because
the pictures and the message really were that in both Poland and
Hungary, he seemed to say we accept the communists in power, as
opposed to saying look, we're Americans, we really want to see
the opposition get in, we understand it can't happen right now.
But that's really where we want to see it end up.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: But look what he was blessing though.
He was blessing two regimes where the oppostion is coming into
actual process.
MS. STAHL: In both places the regimes that are in
power are communist.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: But in Poland, the opposition party
now has a block against any legislation they don't like. And
Hungary is going to have free and open elections. This is what
we're after.
MS. STAHL: Do you think the communists are going to
win the free and open election in Hungary?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: I'm not prepared to make a prediction.
I think there's a chance that they might
MS. STAHL: And that would be okay?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Because one of the things we observed
in a very short time in Hungary is that there's a great deal of
innovative thinking going on within the various parts of the
communict party. Mr. Pozsgay, for evemple, has a lot
of very stimulating now idoas.
MS. STAHL: Is it fair to say that because we are now,
and this is a new policy, this is now coming upon us, I think the
dawning at least of this, on the public, new policy where we'll
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
6
work with a communist country. Isn't it fair to say that we're
into detente II?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: This is different. This is different
from detente. It's different in this sense. And that is we have
now societies in the East that are transforming themselves.
Detente was really live and let live. In other words, reduce the
level of hostility to diplomatic, rather than military. Here now,
we're helping a transformation of these societies into something
very different.
MS. STAHL: But still we will accept the transformation
within the communist context?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: I think that's quite possible. I
think in Hungary, for example, a communist party system, within
which there are blocks within the communist party, eventually
could be indistinguishable from a multiparty system.
MS. STAHL: I want to tie this in with China. The
summit produced a very mild condemnation of the Chinese crack
down, along with what President Bush really has been wanting all
along, no inflamatory rhetoric. What do you think the message is
to Poland and Hungary about what we would do if they crack down
again. Isn't the message, we wouldn't do anything?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: I think the message is quite different.
I think the message is really that it is important that economic
reform not get too far out in front of political reform. If the
two need to be in some balance and move forward together in order
for it to be successful.
MS. STAHL: I'm talking about the message.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: I know what you're saying, but I
think the message we're trying to convey is that message. And
the fact that China was singled out for condemnation is a subtle
reminder of the necessity for political pluralism to go along
with economic reform.
MS. STAHL: But you know you didn't answer my question,
which is what about the U.S. reaction when they begin to pull back
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
7
on their reforms?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: I'm hoping they will not pull back
on their reforms.
MS. STAHL: China did, and we didn't do--we did very
little.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: We've done quite a bit. We've done
quite a bit.
MS. STAHL: But not a lot.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: We're about--well, look, with China,
we have a very important relationship there. It is not in the
American interest, for example, to push China back into the days
of the cultural revolution, back into the days where we fought
really two wars with China as a principle opponent.
MS. STAHL: What would they do if we condemned them
rhetorically? Really.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: They could pull back into their
shell, back to the kind of zenophobic polities during much of the
post-war period. That is not in our interest, that is not in the
Chinese interest.
MS. STAHL: If we just increased the rhetoric a little
bit, really?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Yes. I think they're extremely
sensitive about any notion of interfering in their internal affairs.
MS. STAHL: They have just condemned the French for
accepting the students who escaped.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: Of course.
MS. STAHL: I have to switch quickly, because we're
running out of time. Israel. An aid to Shimon Peres of the
Labor Party says that in reality, the United States is acting as
an intermediary in the negotiations between Israel and the PLO,
that we are bringing messages back and forth. And anybody who
denies it has their head in the sand. What's your reaction.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: We're not an intermediary conveying
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
8
message. No, not at all. What we are trying to do is to facilitate
an elections process, now that requires movement on the part of
the Israeli's, movement on the part of the Palestinians and the
Arab support for them. And so naturally we are talking with the
Israelis, we are talking with the Palestinians, and we are trying
to advance this process. That is different from being an intermediary
carrying messages.
MS. STAHL: Very quickly, do you think the election
process is still on track, have the Israelis now satisfied you
that that is still their policy?
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: We're accepting the prime minister's
word as the fact. We'll have to see. The Likud declaration
certainly didn't help the process. But the prime minister says
they will not affect government policy, and we're taking him at
his word.
MS. STAHL: Okay, General Scowcroft, thank you very
much for being our guest in Paris.
GENERAL SCOWCROFT: It's a pleasure, Lesley.
MS. STAHL: We will be back with more after this.
(Announcements)
MS. STAHL: Joining me now, Fred Barnes, senior editor
of the New Republic, and Peter Riddell, U.S. editor of the Financial
Times of London. Well three of us have been on this trip with the
president, we've been to Poland, we've been to Hungary and now
Paris. Let's start with you, Fred. How do you think the president's
been doing?
MR. BARNES: Well, in terms of symbolism, it's always
great when you go behind the Iron Curtain and talk about freedom.
In terms of selling himself, Bush has done very well. As an
individual leader, everybody liked him. But in terms of bold,
new policy, I'm not impressed. I mean, he went to Poland--
MS. STAHL: The Bush doctrine.
MR. BARNES: Well, he gets to the summit here in Paris,
and what's the Bush doctrine? We form a committee to look into
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
9
that.
MS. STAHL: I want to come back to that. Peter, how
has it played in Europe?
MR. RIDDELL: Well, initially there was a feeling of
well, here's the naive American tourist. He suddenly discovered
Poland and Hungary. Gee, we knew about those some time ago.
Mitterrand's been to Poland recently; Mrs. Thatcher was there
last November; the Germans are in constant contact. The Americans
have suddenly woken up--something's happening there.
However, that changed a bit after we had some of the
hype of earlier in the week. When we arrived at the summit, it
was quite clear that George Bush wasn't doing a pledging competition.
You know, I've given a $100 million--you must give 200. Instead,
he wanted a more sober package put together; they rather approved.
They all rather like him because he's constantly on the phone to
them or writing letters, as if there was a convention of pen-pals.
They've all come together to swap notes. So he came out with a
plus.
MS. STAHL: Well, you know, you say that about his
personality, but isn't he also--don't they see him as somebody
more serious than Reagan was-somebody who understands foreign
policy?
MR. RIDDELL: Oh, very much so; they do see that. They
also many of them knew him when he was vice president. They see
a man who's got a grasp of detail. They can have a serious talk
with him.
MR. BARNES: But there's another aspect to it, Lesley;
and that is, he didn't push anybody very hard. He doesn't press
General Jaruzelski to sell off government-owned industries in
Poland. The government owns everything in Poland. He didn't
push hard. Everybody liked him because there was no tension in
the meetings. It was a nice time having George Bush in your
country.
MS. STAHL: Well, he seemed to have liked, for one,
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
10
Jaruzelski. I was fascinated by that Air Force One interview he
gave in which he said, well, he was so hospitable. He does seem
to respond. And Deng Xiaoping in China--he develops these very
personal relationships with people; it's very central--I think
it's going to be central to his foreign policy.
MR. RIDDELL: Yes, absolutely. After all, he's been
around a long time; he's known these people. You also instinctively
favor stability. We heard the word stability again and again and
again. And he knows perfectly well in Poland, the guy who's going
to provide stability in the short term is Jaruzelski, not a new
political party--even more so in Hungary.
Earlier in the program, Brent Scowcroft was almost
talking about the Hungarian communists winning free elections--a
historic first--and talking almost approvingly of that. The
whole feeling is stability, solidness.
MS. STAHL: Fred, what's happened on this trip to the
competition between Gorbachev and Bush? It hasn't been sort of
in the frontal lobe as we've gone through it.
MR. BARNES: Well, it hasn't. And that's probably
because Bush did poorly in Warsaw, which was a real downer. The
crowds weren't that great. But once he got to Gdansk and spoke
to Solidarity, you started to get some Bush-mania. And then when
you got to Hungary and the crowds were out there, Bush was overcome
with it. There was real enthusiasm for him, as a person and as an
American leader.
MS. STAHL: So you think, in terms of the competition,
he did pretty well?
MR. BARNES: He recovered--off to a slow start, but had
a good finishing kick.
MS. STAHL: The real battlefield for this competition
is Europe. In terms of how they look to the populations over
here, what do you think?
MR. RIDDELL: Well, obviously, for the last two or
three years, Mikhail Gorbachev has gone down well. He's appeared
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
11
to be a peacemaker. He's appeared to be a more acceptable face
for the Soviet Union. However, I think some of that's wearing a
bit thin because people realize the internal problems of the
Soviet Union. Also, he didn't do so well on his French trip a
couple weeks ago as he had in West Germany.
MS. STAHL: Right.
MR. RIDDELL: The other point is, more positively for
George Bush is, Europeans really didn't understand Ronald Reagan.
For them, he was some weird figure. He's totally incomprehensible
to them. George Bush is more comprehensible. He's a real--he
appears to be a nice, decent, pleasant man.
MS. STAHL: He's almost European.
MR. RIDDELL: He's more European. His wife's got dogs-
-loves dogs. That's great.
MS. STAHL: You British.
MR. RIDDELL: Yes, indeed. There will be some marriage
up for Millie or some such; there will be royal blood there. But
he's more intelligible, and therefore there's a plus there. The
more he's been here, the more we think, oh, he's a reasonable
sort of guy.
MS. STAHL: So he does pretty well.
MR. BARNES: But it's also, Peter, that he doesn't
challenge them the way Reagan did. Reagan, out of the blue in
1983, said let's build Star Wars. And they know nothing like
that is going to happen with George Bush. He's predictable.
MR. RIDDELL: And more seriously, George Bush has also,
in a sense, embraced Europe. He's come out--the European Commission
is going to have a role in relation to Poland. He favors European
unity.
MS. STAHL: Well, let me ask you. You say he favors
that, but, you know, there's another interpretation, and let's
explain what that is. In this meeting they're going to have on
Poland and Hungarian aid, he's allowing the European Community to
coordinate it. Some people say that's a relinquishing of the
FACE THE NATION July 16, 1989
12
role the United States has traditionally wanted, and we're relin-
quishing the power partly because we don't have money, and we are
a diminished power ourselves because of it.
MR. BARNES: I think there was an element of American
weakness or presidential weakness on this trip. We saw Bush was
always worried about making Gorbachev mad. Gorbachev is sort of
hovering over the whole trip. And then he got to Poland and
said, well, you know, if you really want money, talk to the surplus
countries. We can only give you so much.
MS. STAHL: Well, you know, Fred, you're a big conservative.
But there is a school of thought that I think is gaining some
credibility back home; and that is that Reagan said that he won
the Cold War because he built up this huge military machine. But
maybe he's lost us all this power because we can't spend money.
We went to Poland; we couldn't give them enough aid. It was
really a drop in the bucket. We come here. They talk about the
environment, but we can't contribute any money to it. Even at
home when we want to spend money to solve our own social problems,
there isn't anything there.
MR. BARNES: But what would give the money to in Poland,
though? Poland doesn't need money as much as it needs capitalism.
MS. STAHL: But it's the symbolism of the United States
being able to be the power that gives up the largesse instead of
having to ask our allies to do it on our behalf.
MR. RIDDELL: Yes, I think the interesting thing is the
contrast with the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan 40 years àgo
saved Western Europe; and Stalin stopped it going into Eastern
Europe, leading to the division of Europe. Now we're seeing that
there isn't a repeat Marshall Plan. It isn't billions and billions
of U.S. dollars. It's small scale. However, it is binding Poland
and Hungary to the West.
They know that if they go a big along with reform,
they 11 get a bit more. They might get access to these big
international institutions with real money. But it is accepting;
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
13
it's a partnership. Germany matters in this, and so to a lesser
extent do France and Britain; and Japan matters. It is accepting
the world is different than 40 years ago.
MS. STAHL: You know, you have a situation where Moscow,
Gorbachev is a sort of weakened force within his bloc, and the
United States is a weakened force within our alliance.
MR. BARNES: Yes, but fortunately the drift is in our
direction, and that's the good thing.
MS. STAHL: In terms of values.
MR. BARNES: You know, I went all around Warsaw. I saw
people lined up at the Pan Am window to get tickets. But I went
by Aeroflot, too. There was no line.
MS. STAHL: No, well, you know, you really do begin--
well, you don't begin--you once again learn to appreciate how
lucky we are when you do visit countries like Hungary which were
part of the Western world before World War II, and to see that
depressed economy. Everybody talks about how there's ample food
and consumer goods, but it's nothing compared to the West.
MR. RIDDELL: It's the welcome-back-to-the-West theme
which George Bush had in his speech in Hungary on Wednesday. I
thought it was one of the more interesting images of the week,
speaking at Karl Marx University, saying apparently Marx's Das
Capital is no longer required reading--lucky students--boring
book.
But the feeling of that, because it was the twin capital
with Vienna of the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the First War.
Yet it's gone done, Vienna's gone up. They are only four hours
away--this symbolism. Now the feeling is they may be opening up
again.
MR. BARNES: My favorite symbol from that trip was the
statue of Karl Marx there at the university hidden behind some
sort of barrier, and some American reporters would go up to the
statue and say to Karl Marx, Your system--it just doesn't work.
MS. STAHL: And that's true--that's what the president
FACE THE NATION - July 16, 1989
14
was basically saying in his speech.
MR. BARNES: He's right.
MS. STAHL: Fred Barnes, Peter Riddell. Thank you very
much. We will be back with the final word.
(Commercial break)
MS. STAHL: That's our broadcast from Paris. Thanks
for being with us. Join us again next week. We'll be back in
Washington.
-15-
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak
A Flat Summit
PARIS-With the seven heads of
government determined to avoid seri-
ous economic questions, the only sus-
The tone also was skewed by Mit-
terrand's decision to revive his de-
pense at the 15th economic summit
was whether offstage talks between
cade-old scheme for a global North-
New York bankers and the Mexican
South summit by inviting 25 Third
World leaders to observe the 200th
government would give President
Bush a fervently desired triumph.
Bastille Day. No other summiteer is
The deadline was the summit's
eager for a forum in which poor na-
Sunday evening adjournment. The
tions would beat up on the rich, but
House, fought his way onto this trip to
nobody was impolite enough to up-
join G-7 counterparts.
White House for months had pressed
braid the imperious French host.
The summiteer with a game plan
Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady
Bush's alternative of aid to Poland
even clearer than Mitterrand's and
to polish off the Mexican debt agree-
ment before then to give the presi-
and Hungary, consciously competing
Bush's was a head of government
dent a boost at his first summit. With
with Mikhail Gorbachev in breaking
with a foggy past and a dimmer fu-
French President Francois Mitter-
down the Iron Curtain, generated few
ture: Sosuke Uno, Japan's belea-
rand dusting off old demands to bail
sparks here. The president did not
guered premier. He arrived with a
out Third World nations, the heat was
dare propose a Western European
$46 billion package for poor countries
consortium to help Poland, which
that no other country could afford, a
on Brady to deliver.
would have attracted little support.
plea for understanding of China's
The reason, say U.S. officials, is
ruthless rulers and a private pitch to
that the Brady Plan for Third World
Even if Mitterrand's global confer-
Bush to take it easy on the Super-301
debt relief is not really a plan at all,
ence is finessed, the Summit Seven
trade negotiations.
but a framework for negotiations. If
could net avoid leaders of debtor nations
As usual, Britain's Prime Minister
the Mexican agreement were reached
unexpectedly at their side. They faced
Margaret Thatcher had no agenda
here, it would enable Bush to exhibit
typical Third World rhetorie such as
but blunt language, namely that the
the framework and show that the
Indian Premier Rajiv Gandhi's warning
blood-soaked French Revolution is
scheme works.
that the French Revolution was an ex-
not all that praiseworthy. Her col-
In fact, the Mexican deal-much
plosion that the rich nations of today
leagues could say the same for what
less the artificial Sunday deadline-is
dare not forget.
President Mitterrand's bicentennial
no test of the Brady Plan. Its exagger-
The presence of the poor nations
celebration did for this summit.
ated importance reflects how far
here did help Bush's one summit im-
⑉ Creature Specicate, Inc.
these summits have departed from
perative. Mexico's President Carlos Sa-
informal comparing of notes by lead-
lina, one of Mitterrand's guests, met
ers of the world's industrial democra-
privately with the American president
cies.
and was pressed to get moving on the
There was no serious discussion of
debt agreement.
how the G-7 nations have coordinated
Even further from the original notion
currency fluctuations or of the signifi-
of economic summits was the Seven
cance of the U.S. trade bill and Eu-
doing the obvious by hastily coming out
rope '92. While Bush officials say this
foresquare for the environment and
lack of analysis resulted from a proe-
against pollution. Environmental Protec-
perous economy, the basic reason was
tion Administrator William Reilly, more
a desire to avoid the unpleasantness
radical in his approach than the White
at last year's Toronto summit when
President Reagan demanded an end
to farm subsidies.
But responsibility for the stagnant
mood of Paris '89 also must be laid at
the door of its host. Mitterrand does
not normally encourage free dis-
course and certainly not at a French
Revolution bicentennial summit. So
formal were meetings and so tight
was security that Bush chief of staff
John Sununu and national security
director Brent Scowcroft were denied
admission to key meetings.
WASHINGTON POST, 7/17/89, p. A16
WASHINGTON POST
JULY 20, 1989
Pg. 8
Bush Fights Language to Curb PLO Contacts
Chief of Staff John H. Sununu, na-
that if the Helms language sur-
By Ann Devroy
hoped to get enough support with-
and David B. Ottaway
tional security adviser Brent Scow-
vived, the president would take the
out Helms to substitute their ver-
Washington Post Staff Writers
croft and many of their top legisla-
position that he was not bound by it
sion for his.
tive aides engaged in a series of
because it was an unconstitutional
In a frantic day-long effort, Pres-
At issue is a Helms amendment
negotiating sessions with Helms
usurpation of his authority.
ident Bush and most of his top for-
to the State Department authori-
and separately with other key Sen-
On Capitol Hill, a senior admin-
eign policy advisers worked yester-
zation bill that would bar talks with
ate leaders to work out compromise
istration official said, "We have
day to kill a congressional effort to
any representative of the PLO "un-
language.
been telling people that if this
limit administration contacts with
The Senate leaders on Tuesday
less and until the president certifies
Helms language goes through, it is
the Palestine Liberation Organiza-
had been given substitute admin-
to Congress that he has determined
likely to mean the collapse of the
tion, a move the White House said
istration language that they altered
the representative did not directly
Middle East peace progress."
could mean the collapse of the Mid-
in a way that was unacceptable to
participate in, or conspire in, or was
One administration source called
dle East peace process:
the White House. Yesterday, the
an accessory to, the planning or
yesterday's activities "extraordi-
At a morning meeting with con-
key Senate leaders, including Ma-
execution of a terrorist activity
nary" because of the number of sen-
gressional leaders, Bush urged the
jority Leader George J. Mitchell
which resulted in the death, injury
ior officials involved in negotiating
defeat of an amendment by Sen.
(D-Maine), Minority Leader Robert
or kidnapping of an American cit-
lesse Helms (R-N.C.) that would
one issue,
J. Dole (R-Kan.), Rudy Boschwitz
izen."
ban contacts with certain PLO fig-
U.S. officials have been meeting
(R-Minn.) and Howard M. Metzen-
The compromise language would
ures. According to Sen. Bob Pack-
periodically in Tunisia with various
baum (D-Ohio), reached a tentative
delete the requirement for certifi-
wood (R-Ore.), the president was
PLO officials since last December,
agreement with the administration
cation to Congress and only have
"very strong" on the subject, believ-
after PLO leader Yasser Arafat re-
after a lengthy Capitol Hill session
Bush "concluding" that PLO partic-
ing the language would "simply shut
nounced terrorism and recognized
down the negotiations."
on language that might be accept-
ipants had not engaged in such acts.
Israel's right to exist. Recently, the
Packwood quoted Bush as telling
able to the full Senate.
It also would eliminate the "acces-
U.S.-PLO dialogue has included se-
Late yesterday, that language,
sory" language to some extent.
the group, "If you pass this amend-
cret meetings with Arafat's chief
which administration officials said
Administration officials sug-
ment and shut down any negotia-
deputy, Saleh Khalef, also known as
does not tie the president to cer-
gested that they faced what one
tions with anybody that's ever even
breathed on the PLO
tifications to Congress and is not as
called "a rolling freight train" on the
Abu Iyad. A founder of the Black
that's a
September terrorist group, Khalef
strict in its limits on who in the PLO
PLO issue and could not defeat it
step backward."
has been implicated in the 1973
Through most of yesterday, Sec-
can be contacted, was being
without offering an alternative that
killing of the U.S. ambassador to
retary of State James A. Baker III,
"shopped" through the Senate to
would allow the Senate to be on
Sudan and he is under indictment in
Deputy Secretary of State Law-
gauge its chances of acceptance.
record expressing its concern about
Italy for helping supply arms to the
rence S. Eagleburger, White House
Sources indicated the White House
PLO contacts. Officials suggested
Red Brigades.
dent, causing an incident that fo-
stallations. The Associated Press
ation. as serious and that he was
attocities during the long busn war
cused attention on the vulnerability
reported in June that a 14-year-old
putting South African troops still in
against SWAPO guerrillas.
of key computer systems to pranks
boy in Prairie Village, Kan., used a
Namibia on alert.
Koeovet was nominally disbanded
under terms of the -brokered
and sabotage.
home computer to gain access to an
But a U.N. monitoring team vis-
The GAO report, scheduled to be
Air Force computer system that
ited the border area Saturday and
peace accord, but most of its mem-
released today, asserts that the In-
reported that it found no evidence
bers were incorporated into the
monitors satellites.
ternet's informal structure is in
to support Pienaar's allegation. "In-
regular police force, which remains
Robert Morris Jr., the graduate
stead, the situation in the north ap-
in the territory to maintain order
part to blame. The Internet-a web
student suspected of releasing the
of 500 local and national networks
Internet virus last fall, has been
pears to be normalizing and stability
during the election campaign. This,
and confidence to be returning, a
SWAPO contends, is a strategem to
containing 60,000 computers-
suspended from Cornell and ,'js
U.N. spokesman told reporters.
keep a combat unit in the crucial
grew up somewhat haphazardly
working in the Boston area, but no
Now SWAPO is protesting that
northern area in contravention of
over two decades and lacks a cen-
formal charges have been filed, ae-
Pienaar fabricated the alert to put
the accord.
tral manager.
cording to his attorney.
the organization in a bad light dur-
Pienaar's spokesman, Gerhard
One result, the GAO concludes,
Experts have said that existing
ing Perez de Cuellar's visit and to
Roux, said in a telephone interview
is that no one takes responsibility
laws make it difficult to prosecute
provide grounds for keeping the
that Pienaar accepted the monitor-
for ensuring that software "holes,"
certain computer tampering. Two
counterinsurgency unit in the bor-
ing team's finding that there was no
such as those that allowed the virus
bills introduced in the House of
der area.
massing on the border, but that he
to infect the system, are filled in.
Representatives would broaden the
The dispute is the most serious
still believed there were SWAPO
Indeed, computer experts say more
types of actions covered by existing
since SWAPO nearly provoked a
guerrillas moving freely around
known holes exist.
laws or stiffen penalties for those
collapse of the Namibian indepen-
southern Angola below their re-
The GAO recommends that re-
who knowingly sabotage comput-
dence agreement by sending hun-
striction line on the 16th parallel.
sponsibility for security rest with
ers.
the president's science adviser
The House Energy and Com-
WASHINGTON TIMES
JULY 20, 1989 Pg. 2
through the White House Office of
merce subcommittee on telecom-
Bush has no comment
through Feb. 28. To win the ap-
proval, however, the Bush adminis-
Science and Technology Policy.
munications and finance will hold
on Contra lawsuit
tration agreed to cut off the aid
The office, it says, should "coordi-
hearings today on the Internet vul-
package in November unless eight
nate the establishment of an inter-
nerabilities. A spokesman said sub-
President Bush refused to com-
congressional leaders give their
agency group to serve as an Inter-
committee Chairman Edward
ment yesterday on a lawsuit filed
written approval to continue the
by four Republican congressmen to
net security focal point."
Markey (D-Mass.) expects to pro-
funding.
block a deal made with Demo-
At a news conference yesterday,
"It's the required direction of the
pose legislation that would imple-
cratic leaders that could endanger
the four congressmen argued that
'90s that there be [centralized] se-
ment the GAO recommendations.
the $49.7 million Contra aid pack-
the deal gives a legislative veto to
age.
each of the eight congressional
WASHINGTON POST. JULY 20, 1989 Pg. F2
In a complaint filed Tuesday in
leaders, six of whom are Demo-
U.S. District Court, the lawmakers
crats. The aid will be canceled if
CONTRACTS
systems and satellite
claimed the Bush administration
any one of the eight leaders refuses
components.
violated the Constitution by giving
to affirm the funding in a letter to
Hughes Aircraft received $54.6
congressional leaders the power
General Electric received a
the Bush administration.
million in Navy contracts for
to veto the aid package.
$12.1 million Air Force
In a 1983 case, the Supreme
submarine missile guidance
Congress voted in March to offer
Court declared the legislative veto
contract for F-16 components.
aid to the Nicaraguan resistance
LAWRENCE
The Washington Post
O'ROURKE
The New York Times
The Washington Times
A WHITE
The Wall Street Journal
HOUSE VIEW
The Christian Science Monitor
New York Daily News
High Marks
USA Today
The Chicago Tribune
For Scowcroft
POST IC
Date
26 JUL489
WASHINGTON
W
HEN THE TELEPHONE
rings with a prolonged and
unmistakable tone in the
first-floor corner office of the White
House West Wing, Brent Scowcroft,
the national security adviser, imme-
diately stops what he's doing and
picks it up.
During his first six months in the
The president, aware from ex-
"Yes, sir," Scowcroft answers, not
White House, Bush made four for-
perience about institutional in-fight-
even waiting for the "Hello, Brent."
eign trips, stopping at Japan, China,
ing in government, meets regularly
President George Bush calls sev-
South Korea, Canada, Italy, Vatican
and privately with Baker and Chen-
eral times a day, sometimes to ask
City, West Germany, Belgium, Eng-
ey. So if Scowcroft, Baker and Chen-
for clarification of a piece of infor-
land, Poland, Hungary, France and
ey disagree, they have opportunity
mation in a cable, sometimes just to
the Netherlands. He has announced
to present their position directly to
bounce a thought off Scowcroft, the
a trip in late October to Costa Rica,
the decision-maker.
retired Air Force general who at the
and that may just be the first stop on
Aides to Reagan wondered
moment, according to several White
an extended late fall tour.
whether he ever read the docu-
House aides, is doing the job of na-
Later in the year, say about
ments prepared for him by the Na-
tional security adviser just about as
the first part of December, Bush
tional Security Council. To accom-
well as it can be done.
could well meet with Soviet leader
modate the president's work habits,
Scowcroft is doing it so well that
Mikhail S. Gorbachev. Nothing's set
they usually boiled down documents
people are actually talking about
yet, but the people around Bush be-
to one page. Bush - who served in
cooperation, rather than competi-
lieve that the miners' strike in the
the 1970s as director of Central In-
tion, between the State Department
Soviet Union is another reminder to
telligence - is said to dislike distil-
and the National Security Council,
the rulers in the Kremlim that they
lation of intelligence reports and to
which Scowcroft heads.
have to take steps to raise the peo-
prefer to read the entire report, es-
ple's living standards.
pecially when it concerns a part of
There may be differences be-
Bush has let Gorbachev know that
the world with which he has experi-
tween Scowcroft and Secretary of
conventional and nuclear arms re-
ence. This means that Scowcroft has
State James A. Baker III over U.S.
ductions, economic cooperation and
to read most of this material too.
policy. But those differences have
eventual integration of the Soviet
The next ring on the telephone
not been personalized, and the dif-
and Western economies, cessation
could be from the Oval office.
ferences are not very wide. Neither
of support for pro-Soviet insurgen-
man is arguing his position through
cies and political improvements in
leaks to Congress or the press.
the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact
And the policy that is being fol-
nations are parts of a single pack-
lowed is Bush's - not Baker's and
age. These parts move together,
not Scowcroft's, as both men will
Bush said.
quickly tell visitors. The president
Scowcroft's job is to gather and
hears out his principal foreign poli-
assess information and to coordi-
cy advisers, including Central Intel-
nate activities of the State and De-
ligence Agency Director William H.
fense Departments and the CIA and
Webster, then makes up his own
other intelligence agencies. Well-in-
mind. He did that with the decision
formed sources say that Scowcroft's
to maintain harmonious relations
National Security Council is not an
with the Chinese government, de-
action agency; it will not have its
spite the crackdown on the pro-de-
Oliver L. North.
mocracy demonstrators in Tianan-
Neither is Scowcroft a Henry A.
men Square. Some aides wanted
Kissinger, who as Nixon's national
Bush to be tougher, but the presi-
security adviser brushed aside the
dent said this is what we'll do, and
State Department. It was a different
that was the end of the debate.
story when Kissinger became Ger-
On foreign policy, Bush may well
ald R. Ford's secretary of state.
be the most informed and interest-
Scowcroft was Kissinger's successor
ed president since Richard M. Nix-
at the National Security Council.
on. Bush gets two formal briefings a
Ford's chief of staff was Richard B.
day, with Scowcroft usually at both
Cheney, now defense secretary.
of them, and a pile of cables. Bush
Ford's delegate-hunter at the Re-
regularly calls foreign leaders and
publican National Convention in
specialists at home and abroad.
1976 was James Baker. So Bush's
Bush is said to prefer unedited ca-
team has three men who worked
bles rather than the synopsized ver-
together before with amicability
sions prepared for President Ron-
and are now doing it again.
Page
28
ald Reagan.
forces have a long, sad history
LONDON FINANCIAL TIMES
JULY 27, 1989
Pg. 14
of discovering radical design
faults only after delivery.
strength in the arms talks with
None of these adjustments,
The politics of
the USSR. But the House of
however, make any sense of
Representatives on Tuesday
the total programme, which
voted by a large majority in
exceeds US defence needs as
favour of cutting this year's
much as its capacity to pay.
spending on the Strategic
This is because the preserva-
US defence
Defence Initiative (SDI) from
tion of the Reagan shopping
the $4.9bn requested by Presi-
list is not just a negotiating
dent Bush to $3.1bn - a pro-
ploy. It reflects US political
posal which still remains to be
rather than defence needs. The
IT IS HARD at first sight to
the V22 high speed helicopter
approved by a joint Senate-
Administration is still arguing
believe that the weapons pro-:
($28bn), and the F14 fighter (a
House conference. Final votes
about the choices. Mr Brent
curement arguments now
mere $800m), and to reduce the
are also pending on proposals
Scowcroft, the National Secu-
going on between the US
naval shipbuilding programme.
for cuts in the B2 programme,
rity Adviser, is sceptical about
Administration and Congress
The aircraft have many friends
or even its complete cancella-
SDI, and favours Midgetman, a
are taking place in a country
in Congress and seem likely to
tion.
single-warhead mobile missile
with a budget problem. Presi-
survive after a strong House
This looks helpful, but prob-
which would assure second
dent Bush inherited from Mr
vote to reject the Administra-
ably is not. If some pro-
strike capability through sheer
Reagan a defence programme
tion's defence budget.
grammes are eliminated in the
numbers. However, SDI is
which would have cost some
The President rescued the
arms talks, then every penny
something of a Republican
$300bn more than the sums
mobile single-warhead Midget-
saved in the meantime is
totem, and Midgetman is
allowed in either the Reagan or
man, and has proposed spend-
worthwhile; but the proposed
known as a Democratic pro-
the Bush budget plans over the
ing up to a further $400bn -
savings so far are not in the
gramme. The multi-warhead
next five years. Mr Bush pro-
literally an astronomical sum
missile programmes which are
MX missile, which according to
posed a freeze in real terms,
- over the next 20 years to
likeliest to go. For continuing
the Washington defence think-
Congress reduced that to a
explore Mars. He has also been
programmes, experience shows
tanks is the least necessary of
cash freeze, and the new
campaigning hard to preserve
that the Congressional habit of
the major programmes, was a
Defence Secretary, Mr Richard
the B2 "stealth" bomber pro-
stretching out expensive pro-
Reagan project heavily sold to
Cheney, said that he would
gramme from Congressmen
jects to meet budget targets
reluctant allies; a cut is not
make the necessary hard
even discussed.
outraged at its $70bn cost.
simply inflates the final cost.
choices. He has not been
Nobody, of course, intends
For the B2, Republican leaders
Party politics are also at
allowed to do so. Mr Cheney
that all these sums will actu-
have sensibly argued that no
stake: if weapons are to be can-
proposed to cancel three pro-
ally be spent. Mr Bush argues
production order for it be
celled, there might be advan-
grammes - the Midgetman
that he must keep all his
placed until the prototypes
tage for Mr Bush if a Demo-
missile (a $3.1bn down pay-
defence options open to
have passed stiff flying and
cratic Congress made the cuts.
The Democrats well under-
ment on a $50bn programme),
increase his bargaining
operational tests. The armed
stand this, and are unlikely to
make the Administration's
choices for it; they will simply
be niggardly. Meanwhile, the
maximum amount of highly
skilled manpower is tied down
on projects which may have no
future. Even the Pentagon
admits that this is damaging
the country's industrial base,
and thus its economic security.
WASHINGTON POST
JULY 28, 1989
Pg. 25
Marshal Akhromeyev's Mark on Congress
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak
certain to win approval of a proviso designed to
force the administration to destroy long-range
missiles on Poseidon submarines.
Pigeonholed for six months by President
toughly worded letter to Scowcroft by half a
Defense-oriented senators of both parties who
Bush's national security staff, an unclassified
dozen Republican senators was needed to break
smell danger for the United States as the Soviets
Pentagon report finally sent to Congress last
loose the report-too late to affect Tuesday's
move toward strategic superiority will mount a
week warns that the Soviet Union may achieve "a
overwhelming anti-SDI vote in the House.
counterattack when the defense authorization bill
decisive military advantage" because of the mo-
Overshadowing SDI is the growing gap in
returns to the floor next week: But prospects are
mentum of its offensive and defensive military
Soviet VS. U.S. long-range offensive missile pro-
duction. Retired Gen. William Odom, top Soviet
poor. Gorbachev's peace offensive pledge has
programs.
created a transcendent mood on Capitol Hill, no
The paper has been seized on by pro-defense
specialist in the Carter White House and former
matter how many warnings come from defense
head of the National Security Agency, warned the
congressmen as evidence of the danger in unilat-
experts. The mood may persist until the Russian
House Armed Services Committee in testimony
eral U.S. disarmament induced by euphoria over
bear reverts to form, but that could be too late.
on the defense bill that Gorbachev's strategy "is
Mikhail Gorbachev. While Moscow rushes pro-
O1989, Creators Syndicate, Inc.
not at all defensive."
duction of two big new mobile missiles far exceed-
Committee members listened respectfully
ing limits set by the unratified SALT II treaty,
when Odom was contradicted by Soviet Marshal
congressional disarmers demand cutbacks of U.S.
Sergei Akhromeyev's spectacular testimony to
nuclear-firing submarines to comply with that
UK
them last week. The marshal won standing ap-
from Pg. 12
discarded pact.
plause from the congressmen after insisting that
Demonstrating congressional susceptibility to
defense has become the key element of Soviet
to meet a number of MoD concerns.
Gorbachev's promised end to East-West confron-
military strategy. Gorbachev's top military advis-
"What it needs is some kind of
tation, pacifism is in ascendancy on Capitol Hill.
er apparently made a stronger impression on the
guarantee that the systems will work
Congress is taking one bite after another out of a
House Armed Services Committee than did the
when they're all put together. It's looking
defense bill to which even the administration
American general.
for a body that will take responsibility for
seems less than committed when it comes to SDI.
That is behind the decision of both the House
systems actually delivering the weapons
When 34 Republicans joined Democrats in cutting
and the Senate this week to put the B-2 Stealth
on target."
SDI, Capitol Hill insiders blamed indifferent ad-
bomber in semi-mothballs, virtually guaranteeing
He added that "currently nobody within
ministration lobbying.
that the planned 132 bombers capable of eluding
the programme is responsible for this."
Symptomatic of the Bush team's ambivalence
Soviet defenses will never be built. The B-2
or confusion on national security is the long delay
slowdown comes in the face of annual Soviet
Although this kind of approach is novel
for the UK, it has been adopted on a
in releasing the report. It warns that "the combi-
production, estimated today at 200 mobile, sin-
nation of Soviet offensive and defensive develop-
gle-warhead SS-25 missiles and 50 mobile SS-
number of US projects. The US Navy's
No
U.S.
SH-60B Seahawk LAMPS 3 helicopter
ments, if unanswered, may provide
Union with a decisive military advar
near future." It was written and
submission to Congress late last year
defense of the SDI program.
But insiders, fairly or not, have alw
the president's own commitment to
report, which could not legally be
without White House consent, was
by the national security staff, whos
SDI
Newsweek
5
Time
U.S. News & World Report
Date
31 July '89
Some think President Bush will send the agency chief out in the cold
CIA
Is Webster on the Outs?
K
ey congressmen and some
Bill Webster is running the
administration officials
agency," says national-security
are disenchanted with the
adviser Brent Scowcroft. But
performance of CIA Director
administration sources say
William Webster, who has
some Bush aides were unhap-
long been praised for cleaning
py with intelligence reporting
up the FBI in the 1970s and
before and during the upheav-
calming down the CIA after the
als in China. And rumors per-
Iran-contra troubles. Recent
sist that Bush considers Web-
complaints stem from Web-
ster an interim director, and
ster's refusal to give the
will replace him with Ambas-
House Intelligence Committee
sador to China Jim Lilley with-
access to CIA inspector-gener-
in a year.
al reports, a lapse Pennsylva-
nia Republican Bud Shuster
called "a serious mistake."
At the same time a growing
number of intelligence and
congressional insiders are
complaining that Webster
is a hands-off manager with
only superficial knowledge of
intelligence issues. "He's
really more interested in his
social world and his tennis,"
complains one intelligence
source. Other insiders told
NEWSWEEK that during a se-
cret hearing before the Senate
Appropriations Committee in
April, the panel was distressed
by Webster's "astoundingly
bad" grasp of facts about the
CIA budget.
The White House strongly
denies any dissatisfaction with
the director. "The president
has full confidence in the way
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