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7
1
THE WHITE HOUSE
FILE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
November 13, 1990
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT PRESENTATION OF
NATIONAL MEDALS OF SCIENCE AND NATIONAL MEDALS OF TECHNOLOGY
The East Room
2:01 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Welcome everybody. Thank you all.
Please be seated and delighted to see you here. Pleased to see
Secretary Mosbacher, our Secretary of Commerce; Secretary Watkins,
Secretary of Energy. And, of course ,Dr. Bromley; Admiral Truly,
right here in front, of NASA. Mike -- Governor Castle, good to see
you, sir. And we especially want to greet our honored guests, this
extraordinary gathering of scientific and technological genius.
Welcome to the White House and welcome to the presentation of the
1990 National Medals of Science and the National Medals of
Technology.
The timing of these awards is fortuitous. A year ago
this week, Barbara and I awarded medals to some of the artistic
giants of our time: Alfred Eisenstaedt and Dizzy Gillespie and John
Updike, among others. And with all that assembled talent, guess what
led the evening news. The Rose Garden presentation of the National
Turkey. (Laughter.) So you're in luck. (Laughter.) This year the
turkey doesn't arrive until Thursday. (Laughter.)
And this gathering marks a proud moment for me, just as
it was when this year's Nobel Prizes were announced, and it turned
out that eight of the nine winners in science and economics were born
in the United States of America. It is, indeed, a tribute to
America's frontier spirit and to our nation's steadfast resolve and
sense of the future. For when it comes to leadership in science and
technology, best in America means best in the world.
America's tradition of excellence has long been nurtured
by a tradition of free inquiry aimed at the simple goal of better
understanding ourselves and the world. In the 1945 report that led
to the founding of the N.S.F., the National Science Foundation,
Vannevar Bush -- no relation -- wrote that, "As long as scientists
are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, there will be a
flow of new scientific knowledge to those who can apply it to
practical problems.'
And so it is today. More and more, nearly every product
from electronics to agriculture incorporates the latest in
technology. And more and more, our nation depends on basic
scientific research to spur economic growth, longer and healthier
lives, a more secure world and, indeed, a safer environment.
Today, our government must help carry that research
forward and contribute to the development of generic technologies
that build on basic discoveries. If America is to maintain and
strengthen our competitive position, we must continue not only to
create new technologies, but learn to more effectively translate
those technologies into commercial products. In this way, we can
help leverage the R&D of the private sector, helping whole industries
advance in an increasingly competitive global market.
The budget highlights our administration's commitment to
MORE
- 2 -
science and technology. We won double-digit increases for both NASA
and the N.S.F. and expanded funds to investigate global climate
change. We remain committed to doing even more, doubling the N.S.F.
budget over five years and extending the tax credit for R&E --
research and experimentation. And we're going to keep raising
America's sights. Space Station Freedom will give us a permanent
presence in Earth orbit and the Space Exploration Initiative will
take us to the Moon and Mars and beyond -- back to space, back to the
future, and this time, back to stay.
Thirty years from now, when the Nobel Prizes are
announced, I want America to be well represented. And 30 years from
now, when the Medals of Science and of Technology are bestowed, I
want to see America graced by a group as accomplished as that here
today.
Many of today's honorees serve as prime examples of how
we can effectively translate basic science into commerical
technology. I think of Millie Dresselhaus, arguably the most
important and prominent woman physicist and engineer of her
generation, whose hard work helped to revolutionize semiconductors.
or Allan Cormack whose pioneering efforts earned him a Nobel Prize
and made CAT scan a household word. And scholars as diverse as
Boston's Baruj Benacerraf or Seattle's Donnall Thomas -- another
Nobel laureate whose contributions to immunology may lead to new
answers in our battle against cancer and AIDS. Scientists like you
have, indeed, helped America to understand that AIDS is a disease,
not a disgrace. And scientists like you have helped America to
appreciate our responsibility to those who are living with HIV and
AIDS. And they deserve our compassion, they deserve our care, and
they deserve more than a chance -- they deserve a cure.
Another legacy of these prestigious medals and the work
they honor must be the cultivation of excellence in science and math
in classrooms across America. The National Science Scholars program
we proposed soon after taking office has now been enacted and will
encourage budding scholars of today to become the scientists of
tomorrow. Guiding our efforts is an ambitious but critical goal for
this decade: By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the
world in science and math.
This week is Education Week, and its theme is "Educating
Everyone Takes Everyone." A fitting motto for the challenges that
lie ahead. If we are truly to remain a world leader in science and
technology, then we must achieve a renaissance of quality in our
schools and we must tap the talent, the energy, and the commitment of
all our families, businesses, and universities.
The people we honor today are American trailblazers,
real-life pioneers who pressed the very limits of their fields. You
have distinguished not only yourselves, but also your nation. And
that's why America continues to need, and want, and appreciate your
creativity, your genius and your diversity.
Thank you. Congratulations to all. And God bless the
United States. Thank you for coming. (Applause.)
(The awards are presented.)
END
2:10 P.M. EST
THE WHITE HOUSE
FILE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
November 13, 1990
The President today will present the Nation's highest honors in
science and technology -- the National Medal of Science and the
National Medal of Technology -- to 30 renowned scientists,
engineers, and mathematicians and to a representative of the
DuPont Company at a special joint ceremony in the East Room of
the White House.
Twenty outstanding scientists, engineers, and mathematicians will
be awarded the National Medal of Science, and ten outstanding
engineers and the DuPont Company will be awarded the National
Medal of Technology.
The National Medal of Science was established by Congress in 1959
to recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge in the
physical, biological, social, behavioral, mathematical, or
engineering sciences.
The National Medal of Technology was established in 1980 to
recognize scientists and engineers for their outstanding
contributions to improving the well-being of the United States
through the development or application of technology or the
establishment of a technologically trained workforce.
The work of this year's medalists has had a great impact in areas
such as energy, health, medicine, industrial productivity,
education, and national security. Many of them have also devoted
many years to teaching, and some have served in government.
# # #
1990 National Medal of Science Recipients
Baruj Benacerraf
Stephen C. Kleene
President & Chief Executive Officer
Professor Emeritus
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
University of Wisconsin
Boston, MA
Madison, WI
Elkan R. Blout
Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.
Dean of Faculties
Professor of Biochemistry
Harvard School of Public Health
University of California, Berkeley
Boston, MA
Berkeley, CA
Herbert W. Boyer
Edward B. Lewis
Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Thomas Hunt Morgan Professor of Biology
University of California
Emeritus
San Francisco, CA
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, CA
George F. Carrier
T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor
John McCarthy
of Applied Mathematics Emeritus
Professor of computer Science
Harvard University
Stanford University
Cambridge, MA
Stanford, CA
Allan M. Cormack
Edwin M. McMillan
University Professor
Professor of Physics Emeritus
Tufts University
University of California
Medford, MA
Berkely, CA
Mildred S. Dresselhaus
David G. Nathan
Institute Professor
Physician-in-Chief
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Children's Hospital
Cambridge, MA
Boston, MA
Karl Folkers
Robert V. Pound
Director, Institute for Biomedical Research
Professor of Physics
The University of Texas
Harvard University
Austin, TX
Cambridge, MA
Nick Holonyak, Jr.
R. D. Revelle
Professor of Electrical and Computer
Director Emeritus
Engineering
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of Illinois
University of California
Urbana, IL
La Jolla, CA
Leonid Hurwicz
John D. Roberts
Curtis L. Carlson Professor of Economics
Institute Professor of Chemistry
University of Minnesota
California Institute of Technology
Minneapolis, MN
Pasadena, CA
1990
NATIONAL MEDAL OF TECHNOLOGY
FACT SHEET
What is the National Medal of Technology?
The National Medal of Technology is the highest award bestowed upon American
technologists by the President of the United States. Presented annually, the
Medal is awarded to provide recognition of extraordinary individuals and
companies for their outstanding contributions to improving the well-being of the
United States, either through the development or commercialization of
technology, or for their contributions to the establishment of a technologically-
trained workforce.
When was the Medal established?
The National Medal of Technology was signed into law in 1980 as part of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act. The first Medals were awarded
in 1985.
Who is eligible to receive the Medal?
Any U.S. citizen or U.S.-owned company is eligible to win the Medal. Persons
connected with Technology Administration or who serve on the Medal's
Nomination Evaluation Committee are not eligible during the period of their
service and for a period of five years thereafter.
How many Medals have been awarded? How many are given each year?
As of 1989, 40 individuals and one company have received the National Medal of
Technology. Though 11 Medals are being presented in 1990, it is anticipated
that -- beginning in 1991 -- a maximum of six Medals will be awarded in future
years.
Who administers the Medals?
The Medal program is administered by the Department of Commerce's
Technology Administration, under the management of the Assistant Secretary
for Technology Policy.
What is the nomination/evaluation process?
A steering committee, chaired by the Under Secretary of Technology, oversees
the solicitation of nominations. In addition to the Under Secretary, the steering
committee consists of the Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, the Director
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the Assistant
Secretary/Commissioner of the Patents and Trademarks.
Nominations can be made either by individuals or by companies. The
nominations are then evaluated by the National Medal of Technology Nomination
Evaluation Committee which is selected by the Secretary of Commerce.
Committee members are selected from U.S. industry, government, professional
organizations and academia to serve three-year staggered terms.
Aver evaluating the nominations, the committee recommends a list of recipients
in priority order to the Secretary of Commerce. The Secretary then makes his
recommendations to the President, who in turn, makes the final selection.
When is the deadline for submitting nominations?
Nominations for the 1992 Medal must be submitted by September 30, 1991.
Nomination instructions can be obtained by writing to: Dr. Paul V. Braden,
National Medal of Technology, Room 1418, U.S. Department of Commerce, 14th
Street and Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20230, or by calling,
(202)377-5572.
NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE
FACT SHEET
What is the National Medal of Science?
It is the Nation's highest scientific honor bestowed by the President.
How was it established?
By Public Law 86-209, 86th Congress, August 25, 1959. The law also provides
that the design of the Medal is based on recommendations by the National
Science Foundation and that no more than 20 Medals can be awarded in any
given calendar year.
How are recipients selected?
Executive Order 10961, signed on August 23, 1961 by President Kennedy,
established the Committee on the National Medal of Science. The committee
receives nominations from the National Academy of Sciences and other scientific
and engineering sources. The Committee selects its candidates from among
these nominations and transmits its recommendations through the Science
Advisor to the President for final decision.
What are the selection criteria?
The total impact of an individual's work on the present state of physical,
biological, mathematical, engineering, behavioral or social sciences. In addition,
achievements of an unusually significant nature are considered and judged in
relation to the potential effects of such achievements on the development of
scientific thought. Also, consideration is given to distinguished service in the
general advancement of science and engineering when accompanied by
substantial contributions to the content of science at some time.
Who provides nominations?
Letters are sent to approximately 150 universities and colleges, approximately
150 scientific, engineering and other professional societies and organizations,
members of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of
Engineering. Approximately 3,000 letters of invitation are sent each year.
How many new nominations are received each year?
Approximately 150.
How many have been reviewed to date?
Approximately 2,700 nominations have been reviewed since 1962.
How many Medals have been awarded?
265 since 1962.
How are the activities carried out?
The Office of Science and Technology Policy is Ceremony Project Officer and
the National Science Foundation (under E.O. 10961) provides staff and
administrative services necessary for the performance of the functions of the
Committee.
FILE
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
February 2, 1990
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS
AND INITIATIVES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION
FACT SHEET
The President announced today the appointment of the members of
the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST). This distinguished panel of scientists, engineers and
industry leaders will provide high-level advice directly to the
President on a wide range of important issues concerning science
and technology.
Advances in science and technology are a key to increased
economic competitiveness and improving our quality of life. The
President's action today caps a year of vigorous activity by the
Administration to advance science and technology issues on a
broad front. The three broad areas of activity are summarized
below:
I.
Strengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy
II. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities
III. Encouraging Increased Private Sector Research and
Development Investment
I.
Strengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy
Establishing the National Space Council. -- The
President issued an Executive Order on April 20, 1989,
establishing the National Space Council, chaired by the
Vice President. The Space Council provides advice and
assistance to the President on space policy and
strategy and monitors and coordinates the
implementation of space policy among the civil,
national security and commercial space sectors.
Establishing the Administration's Council on
Competitiveness. -- The President established the
Council on Competitiveness, chaired by the Vice
President, to oversee regulatory and other
E2,
competitiveness issues, such as reform of product
Please Preate a
new Full
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2
liability laws. A new Working Group will coordinate
and review Administration policy and regulations, and
will focus on enhancing applied research and on
streamlining risk-based regulation of new biotechnology
products to ensure safety and promote competitive
economic development.
Upgrading the Status of the Science Advisor and
Increasing the Budget for the Office of Science and
Technology Policy. -- The President has raised the
status of the Science Advisor to Assistant to the
President for Science and Technology. The Science
Advisor now participates in deliberations of the
Cabinet and of the Domestic and Economic Policy
Councils to ensure that science and technology issues
are fully reflected in Administration policy
development. In addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes
$3.3 million for OSTP, double the FY 1989 level.
Strengthening the Federal Coordinating Council on
Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) -- The
Science Advisor initiated action to improve the
interagency coordination apparatus for science and
technology by consolidating and enhancing the current
FCCSET committee structure. Building on the successful
experience of the FCCSET Committee on Earth Science,
new committees will be formed to coordinate Federal
efforts in education and human resource development,
materials science, and others.
Reinvigorating the Council on Environmental Quality
(CEQ) -- The President is committed to strengthening
the CEQ and to ensuring that it has the capacity to
serve as an effective source of environmental analysis
and information in the White House. Accordingly, the
President's FY 1991 budget increases CEQ's budget by 90
percent and CEQ's staff by 70 percent.
II. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities
A. Increased Investment in Federal R&D
The President has proposed a total of $71 billion
for research and development (R&D), including R&D
facilities, in his FY 1991 budget. This is an
increase of $4.5 billion, or 7 percent, over FY
1990 enacted levels.
Civilian R&D will increase by 12 percent, and
defense-related R&D will increase by 4 percent.
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The President has also proposed to allocate $12
billion for basic research, an increase of $1
billion, or 8 percent, over FY 1990. Basic
research is an essential investment in the
nation's scientific and technological future,
including its future scientists and engineers.
B.
Science and Technology Education
The President has moved aggressively to address the
shortcomings in the nation's science and technology
education enterprise. He has set goals for the
nation's schools and students in science and math, and
the FY 1991 budget will provide over $1 billion in
direct spending in five agencies for science,
mathematics and engineering education.
National Science Foundation (NSF). -- NSF will
allocate $463 million in FY 1991, a 30 percent
increase over FY 1990, for a wide variety of
education activities to improve the quality of
teachers and students, the numbers of students
choosing science, math, or engineering careers,
and the numbers staying in those fields,
particularly those in traditionally under-
represented groups.
Department of Education. -- The Department will
continue to build on its strong relationships with
State educational entities. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $230 million, an increase of 69 percent,
for the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and
Science program, which provides funds to States to
implement improved programs for teaching math and
science. In addition, five million is requested
for the new National Science Scholars program to
recognize outstanding high school students by
providing fellowship support for them to study in
the fields of mathematics and science in college.
The Department will also launch an initiative
under its Upward Bound program to provide academic
assistance and encouragement to help disadvantaged
students pursue study in mathematics and science.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) -- NASA will allocate $51 million in FY
1991, an increase of 21 percent, for education
activities including the "Spacemobile" program,
teacher and student workshops and research
experiences at NASA laboratories, and special
efforts to increase minority participation in
science and engineering.
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O
Department of Energy (DOE) -- DOE will provide
$25 million in FY 1991, a 47 percent increase, for
educational activities including support for
graduate and undergraduate students and high
school and university faculty. DOE will implement
a new program, in collaboration with the private
sector, to train high school faculty in the state-
of-the-art science and technology conducted at the
DOE laboratories.
o
National Institutes of Health (NIH). -- The
research training grant program will be funded at
a level of $292 million, which will support almost
12,000 graduate trainees in research laboratories
throughout the nation.
C.
Doubling the Budget of the National Science Foundation
The President has maintained his strong commitment to
the importance of basic research by proposing $2.4
billion in budget authority, a more than 14 percent
increase, for the National Science Foundation in FY
1991. This will continue progress toward doubling the
NSF budget by FY 1993.
O
World-Class Research Equipment. -- The President
has also recognized that world-class science and
technology requires world-class research
equipment. He has supported the construction of a
replacement for the important radiotelescope at
Greenbank, West Virginia, and, for FY 1991, has
proposed the initiation or continuation of several
high-priority, specialized research facilities
including the National High Magnetic Field
Laboratory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational
Wave Observatory, and two 8-meter optical/infrared
telescopes.
O
Academic Research Facilities Modernization. -- In
addition to research support, the President will
also continue the Academic Research Facilities
modernization program begun by NSF in FY 1990.
Continuing the program will increase management
experience and permit evaluation of its impact on
U.S. science and technology.
U.S. Antarctic Program. -- NSF manages the U.S.
Antarctic Program for the government. This
program supports national goals in the Antarctic
and is the principal expression of the U.S.
presence on the Antarctic continent. The FY 1991
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budget will expand an important environmental,
safety, and health initiative in the Antarctic to
ensure that this world scientific resource is
preserved and that the safety and health of
scientists working on the continent are assured.
D.
Understanding and Exploring Space
The President is committed to a continuing, active and
exciting American presence in space -- indeed, to
America's leadership in space science and exploration.
Overall, the FY 1991 budget proposes $15.2 billion for
NASA, an increase of $2.9 billion, or 24 percent.
NASA's budget has increased by almost 40 percent over
FY 1989.
O
Space Shuttle. -- The current fleet of three Space
Shuttles are the world's most versatile launch
vehicles. In FY 1989, the Space Shuttle fleet
completed four successful flights. The Space
Shuttle Columbia recently accomplished the
spectacular retrieval of the Long Duration
Exposure Facility. The FY 1991 budget proposes
$4.2 billion, an increase of 22 percent, for Space
Shuttle production and operations. This funding
will allow for a safe build-up to 10 Shuttle
flights, the delivery of the fourth Shuttle,
Endeavor, and enhancements such as the Advanced
Solid Rocket Motor and the Extended Duration
Orbiter capability.
O
Space Station Freedom. -- Space Station Freedom is
the largest international R&D project ever
undertaken. In FY 1989, the program underwent a
reevaluation that has resulted in a more
achievable program and funding profile. The FY
1991 budget continues the President's commitment
to the Space Station by proposing a total of $2.6
billion, an increase of 36 percent. This will
provide for the critical transition from design to
actual fabrication.
O
Moon/Mars Exploration. -- On July 20, 1989, the
President proposed that America undertake an
ambitious mission of manned exploration of the
solar system. This journey will begin with the
first step in the FY 1991 budget towards this new
goal -- nearly $1.3 billion, an increase of 47
percent -- to support robotic science missions and
to develop the pacing and innovative technologies
that will be needed. of particular interest is
the continued commitment of the Administration to
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the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program. In
FY 1989 the National Space Council reviewed and
revised this program in keeping with a more stable
and sustainable pace of technology and funding.
O
Space Science and Applications. -- The U.S. is
committed to maintaining its world leadership in
space science. An exciting new era of discovery
has now begun in unmanned planetary exploration,
astronomy, and Earth observations. In 1989, three
important scientific missions were launched:
Magellan to Venus, Galileo to Jupiter, and the
Cosmic Background Explorer. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $3.3 billion, an increase of 22 percent,
for the continued support of missions planned for
launch in 1990 including the Hubble Space
Telescope, the Gamma Ray Observatory, and the
Ulysses mission to explore the Sun, and
development of future missions such as the Comet
Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby and the Cassini mission
to Saturn.
E.
Global Environmental Change
O
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). --
The U.S. is the world leader in global change
research. The President has endorsed the USGCRP,
a coordinated, multi-agency research program of
space- and ground-based research and observations
designed to provide a sound scientific basis for
rational policy decisionmaking on global change
issues. The FY 1991 budget proposes over $1
billion for this effort, an increase of 57
percent.
O
Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) -- On July 20, the
President also affirmed the importance of NASA's
contribution to the USGCRP, Mission to Planet
Earth. The largest part of this initiative
consists of a major new program for FY 1991, the
Earth Observing System, a series of space
platforms and instruments developed by the U.S.,
Europe and Japan, which will collect a broad
spectrum of environmental data related to global
warming, drought, oceans, etc. MTPE will permit,
for the first time, an analysis of Earth as an
integrated system.
International Activities. -- The President
believes that continuing U.S. scientific
leadership is needed to address global
environmental issues. In the past year, the
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President announced U.S. support for a worldwide
phaseout of chloroflurocarbon (CFC) production to
the extent safe substitutes are available. In
1990, the U.S. will host the Plenary Session of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) in February; a meeting of the world's
economic, scientific, and environmental officials
to discuss global environmental issues in the
Spring; and the first negotiation session on the
Framework Convention on Climate Change in late
Fall.
F.
Environment
O
Clean Air Act. -- The President demonstrated his
commitment to clean air by transmitting Clean Air
Act Amendments to Congress in July 1989. The
President's plan allows for both environmental
protection and economic development and is based
on a commitment to using the best science
available. In support of his Clean Air proposals,
the FY 1991 air research budget of the
Environmental Protection Agency will increase by
$8 million to a total of $95 million.
G.
The Superconducting Super Collider and High Energy
Physics
O
The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) -- The
SSC will provide an enormous advance in the
capability to explore the secrets of matter and
energy. Over the past year, the Department of
Energy has established the SSC laboratory at a
site near Dallas, Texas. The new laboratory team
is conducting a thorough reevaluation of all
technical systems with particular attention to
magnet design and technical performance of the
accelerator. In FY 1989, research continued on
the design and testing of magnets. Approximately
8,000 magnets will be used in the 53-mile SSC
tunnel. In addition, during FY 1989, DOE
continued work on the site-specific Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS). The EIS is necessary
before DOE makes a decision on the "footprint" of
the SSC and starts acquiring land for the project.
High Energy and Nuclear Physics. -- The President
supports a robust program of research in the areas
of high-energy and nuclear physics, which offer
the prospects of increasing our knowledge of the
basic constituents of matter. Last year,
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8
scientists discovered and conducted measurements
of the Z-nought particle utilizing the recently
upgraded Stanford Linear Collider. The Z-nought
particle is important because it transmits one of
the basic forces between elementary particles.
The FY 1991 budget provides a funding increase of
8 percent to continue research at Stanford and the
three other large accelerator centers: the
Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, the
Cornell Electron Storage Ring in New York State,
and the Fermilab National Laboratory.
H.
Life Sciences
O
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) -- The
Administration remains committed to making
continued progress against HIV and AIDS. Five
therapies have been approved for use, and since
January 1989 over 35 clinical trials have been
initiated in a search for additional therapeutic
drugs. The Administration has recently taken
action to enable State Medicaid programs to cover
the costs of the drug AZT for HIV-infected
individuals who do not yet exhibit AIDS symptoms.
The FY 1991 budget proposes $3.5 billion in total
for HIV/AIDS research, treatment, prevention and
income support, an increase of 18 percent.
Human Genome Project. -- The evolution of genetic
engineering techniques over the last decade has
enabled the initiation of one of the most exciting
science projects ever undertaken -- the
development of a map of the full complement of
human genetic material (the human genome). Such
an undertaking will vastly increase our
understanding of the nature and cause of many
diseases. Over the past year, important advances
have already been made, such as the identification
of the gene that accounts for a large proportion
of all cystic fibrosis cases. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $108 million for the National Institutes
of Health and $46 million for the Department of
Energy to pursue collaboratively this important
project.
Biotechnology. -- Recent breakthroughs in
biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA techniques,
cell fusion and gene therapy, offer unprecedented
opportunities for improving the nation's
productivity, health, and well-being. Increasing
Federal investment in basic biotechnology research
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will spur further advances, as will initiatives
that improve payoffs on investments. The FY 1991
budget proposes $3.6 billion for biotechnology
R&D, an increase of 6 percent over 1990.
Agricultural Research Initiative. -- American
farmers are among the most productive in the
world. New techniques in genetics, molecular and
cell biology have led to innovative approaches
that will enhance our ability to produce food,
while addressing concerns of safety, nutrition and
the environment. The FY 1991 budget will launch a
National Research Initiative to more than double
the size of USDA's competitive grants program.
This will expand funds for plant and animal
biotechnology to $50 million, with a particular
emphasis on mapping the genome of important crop
plants. Like the Human Genome Initiative, this
effort will create new opportunities to explore
the genetic potential of plants.
I.
Energy
National Energy Strategy. -- The President has
directed Secretary of Energy Watkins to develop a
National Energy Strategy to guide the
Administration's energy policies and programs.
The Department has held two rounds of public
hearings and plans to issue a draft document in
April. A key element of the strategy will be a
blueprint for future energy R&D programs and
activities.
Clean Coal Technology. -- The Administration is
committed to a $2.5 billion program to demonstrate
emerging clean coal technologies. This program
will provide additional cost-effective
alternatives for reducing acid rain.
Solar/Renewables and Energy Conservation R&D. --
The President is committed to assisting the
development of emerging technologies that offer
the potential to provide new sources of energy as
well as new ways to use it more efficiently, while
protecting the environment. On January 26, 1990,
the Department of Energy announced a new 11-point
initiative in this area. The FY 1991 budget
provides an increase of 8 percent in funding for
conservation, solar and other renewable energy
technology R&D.
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10
Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery Research. -- Up to
two-thirds of oil and gas reserves are still left
in the ground with conventional recovery
techniques. In order to stimulate the use of new
technologies to increase production from these
existing fields, the President proposed four new
tax initiatives, including a 10 percent credit for
new tertiary enhanced recovery projects. In
addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes $17 million
to establish oil and gas geosciences research
consortia with industry and universities to
advance the science underlying oil and gas
recovery.
J.
Advanced Technology
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) -- The FY 1991 budget proposes $198
million for NIST, a 21 percent increase over the
1990 enacted level, and includes substantial
increases for core NIST research programs such as
robotics, lightwave technology, quality chemical
measurements, and advanced semiconductor
measurement. NIST research programs form the
basis for the development of the measurements and
standards on which U.S. industries depend. The FY
1991 budget also includes increased funding for
improvements to NIST facilities. In addition, the
budget includes funding for two programs to
encourage the development and transfer to the
private sector of a wide range of advanced
technologies.
-- Manufacturing Technology Centers. -- The
budget proposes to continue funding for these
centers, requesting $5 million in FY 1991.
This program provides matching grants to
universities or non-profit organizations to
establish centers for the transfer of
innovative, advanced manufacturing technology
to small and medium-sized businesses.
-- Advanced Technology Program (ATP). -- The
budget requests $10 million in FY 1991, the
1990 funding level, for this program. The
ATP will provide seed money to industry-led
consortia doing generic, pre-competitive
research into promising technologies.
Magnetic Levitation Transportation. -- The FY 1991
budget proposes nearly $10 million for R&D on this
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emerging technology, an increase of almost 400
percent. These efforts are being carried out by
both the Department of Transportation (about $6
million) and the Army Corps of Engineers (almost
$4 million). Each agency is pursuing a public-
private partnership designed to facilitate private
development of an operational maglev system in the
U.S.
K.
National Security
O
DOD Technology Base. -- The President supports a
strong technology base to develop options for
future weapons systems and to guard against
technological surprise by adversaries. The FY
1991 budget includes $3.4 billion for the
technology base (basic and applied research)
funded through the Department of Defense. This
will support programs ranging from basic research
in the physical sciences to development of high-
speed semiconductors for use in advanced
communications systems and computers.
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) -- The SDI
program remains a high priority of the President.
The FY 1991 budget requests $4.5 billion for SDI,
an increase of $0.9 billion over 1990. The SDI
program is developing options for strategic
defenses based on advanced technologies.
Particular emphasis is being placed on promising
new concepts such as the "Brilliant Pebbles" small
space-based interceptor missiles.
III. Encouraging Increased Private Sector R&D Investment
Private sector investment accounts for about 50 percent
of the total national investment in R&D. In addition,
the private sector is the principal performer for R&D
and is ultimately responsible for transforming R&D
results into useful new products and processes. The
Administration has taken a number of steps to encourage
increased private sector R&D investment and
technological innovation.
o
Encouraging Savings and Investment. -- The
President is proposing the Family Savings Account
to stimulate increased savings that provide the
resources needed for investments in the future.
In addition, the President is proposing to lower
the tax on capital gains in order to promote
increased entrepreneurial activity and investment.
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Research and Experimentation Tax Credit. -- The
President again proposes to make permanent the 20
percent tax credit targeted specifically to
research and experimentation (R&E) by allowing 100
percent of total research expenses to be used for
the computation of the credit for all years after
December 31, 1989. In 1989, the Congress enacted
a short-term extension in response to the
President's proposal of last February.
Encouraging R&D by Transnational Companies. -- The
President proposes to make permanent the rules, as
modified by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
of 1989, for the allocation of foreign and
domestic R&E expenditures for companies with
foreign operations. The proposal would also allow
100 percent of U.S. expenditures to be covered
rather than the current 75 percent. This proposal
would apply to all tax years beginning after
August 1, 1990, when the current rules expire.
Intellectual Property. -- The President is
committed to pursuing aggressively improved
international protection of intellectual property.
The current negotiations in the Uruguay Round of
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade are an
important forum for this activity.
Tort Reform/New Product Liability. -- The
Administration has endorsed changes in product
liability laws to help restore balance to the tort
system, to increase competitiveness, and to reduce
uncertainty, particularly for new products, while
providing incentives to produce safe products.
# # #
FILE
Science
Jech
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Knoxville, Tennessee)
For Immediate Release
February 2, 1990
The President today announced the appointment of the President's
Council of Advisers on Science and Technology (PCAST), comprised
of 12 distinguished scientists and engineers. This panel will
provide high-level advice directly to the President on a wide
range of important issues concerning science and technology.
PCAST will be the first Presidential scientific advisory group in
many years to report directly to the President. Its
establishment is a measure of the Bush Administration's high
esteem for science and a recognition that advances in science
and technology contribute in a major way to increased economic
competitiveness. It also reflects the President's desire to
strengthen Federal science and technology policy, enhance Federal
research and development activities, and encourage private sector
involvement in research and development.
The United States scientific community leads the world in
creating new knowledge. Through PCAST, the President is seeking
to provide the best obtainable private sector advice to Executive
Branch decision-making in science and technology.
PCAST will be chaired by Dr. D. Allan Bromley, Assistant to the
President for Science and Technology. A list of the members and
their affiliations is attached, along with a fact sheet on
science and technology accomplishments in the Bush
Administration.
PCAST was established January 19, 1990, by Executive Order 12700.
Its members will be sworn in later today by the Vice President at
the White House.
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NORMAN E. BORLAUG
Nobel Laureate Borlaug, of Texas, is currently leader of the
Sasakawa-Global-2000 agricultural program in sub-Saharan Africa,
Distinguished Professor of International Agriculture at Texas A&M
University, and a Senior Consultant to CIMMYT. He was Director
of the Wheat Research and Production Program of the International
Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico, from 1964 until his
retirement in 1979.
Dr. Borlaug's career began in 1935 in the U.S. Forest Service,
and he subsequently worked as an instructor in plant pathology at
the University of Minnesota in 1941, where he received his Ph.D.
From 1942 through 1944 he was a microbiologist with the E. I.
DuPont de Nemours & Co.. He also served as research scientist in
charge of wheat improvement with the Cooperative Mexican
Agricultural Program, Mexican Ministry of Agriculture and the
Rockefeller Foundation, 1944-60, and later, as Associate Director
of the Foundation assigned to the Inter-American Food Crop
Program, 1960-63.
D. ALLAN BROMLEY, CHAIRMAN
D. Allan Bromley, of Connecticut, is Assistant to the President
for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy (OSTP).
Dr. Bromley carried out pioneering studies on both the structure
and dynamics of nuclei and is considered the father of modern
heavy ion science. He has played major roles in the development
of accelerators, of detection systems, and in computer based data
acquisition and analysis systems. He is currently on leave from
his position as Henry Ford II Professor of Physics at Yale
University, where he was founder and Director of the A.W. Wright
Nuclear Structure Laboratory.
Dr. Bromley has been a leader in the national and international
science and science policy communities for more than 20 years,
serving as a member of the White House Science Council throughout
the Reagan Administration and as a member of the National Science
Board in 1988-89. He received the President's National Medal of
Science in 1988 and the Presidential Medal of the New York
Academy of Sciences in 1989. He has served as President of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics.
Dr. Bromley received the B.Sc. degree in 1948 at Queen's
University, Canada, the M.Sc. degree from Queen's University in
1950, and the Ph.D. degree in nuclear physics from the University
of Rochester in 1952. He has since been awarded 10 honorary
doctorates.
SOLOMON J. BUCHSBAUM
Solomon J. Buchsbaum, of New Jersey, has been Senior Vice
President, Technology Systems, at AT&T Bell Laboratories since
1979. His early career included work at the MIT Research
Laboratory of Electronics. He received his Ph.D. in physics from
MIT in 1957. He joined Bell Laboratories in 1958 as a member of
the technical staff and later became department head and director
of the Electronics Research Laboratory. In 1968, he was named
Vice President for Research at the Sandia Laboratories and served
in a number of different capacities. He returned to Bell
Laboratories in 1971 as an Executive Director. In 1976 he became
Vice President, Network Planning and Customer Systems.
Dr. Buchsbaum is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and
of the National Academy of Engineering. He was the recipient of
the President's National Medal of Science in 1986.
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CHARLES L. DRAKE
Charles L. Drake, of Vermont, has been the Albert Bradley
Professor of Earth Sciences at Dartmouth since 1984 and Professor
of Geology since 1969. Dr. Drake's professional career began at
Columbia University in 1953. He joined the staff at Dartmouth
in 1958 after receiving his Ph.D. in geology from Columbia
University where he has continued his career, including service
as Professor and Chairman of the Department, 1967-69; as Dean of
Graduate Studies and as Associate Dean of the Science Department,
1978-81.
Dr. Drake is a recipient of the G. P. Woollard Award, Geophysical
Division of the Geological Society of America.
RALPH E. GOMORY
Ralph E. Gomory, of New York, is President of the Sloan
Foundation and, until his recent retirement, was Senior Vice
President for Science and Technology, IBM Corporation. He
received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton in 1954.
Dr. Gomory's professional experience includes teaching and
research at Princeton from 1957-59. In 1959, he joined the
Research Division of IBM and was named Director of the
Mathematical Sciences Department in 1965. In 1970 he became IBM
Director of Research and held that position until 1985, becoming
IBM Vice President in 1973, Senior Vice President in 1985, and
IBM Senior Vice President for Science and Technology in 1986. He
has been awarded a number of honorary degrees and prizes,
including the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1984 and the
National Medal of Science in 1988.
BERNADINE HEALY, VICE CHAIRMAN
Bernadine Healy, of Ohio, is Chairman of the Research Institute
of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a position she assumed in
1985, and is a staff member of the Clinic's Department of
Cardiology. Prior to that time, she was Deputy Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy at the White House, and
until that appointment had been a Professor at The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine and Hospital. Dr. Healy received
her medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1970. Her
medical career continued at Johns Hopkins from 1976 to 1984,
where she was Professor of Cardiology and Medicine, Director of
the Coronary Care Unit, and Assistant Dean for Postdoctoral
Programs and Faculty Development.
Dr. Healy is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the
National Academy of Sciences. She is the immediate Past
President of the American Heart Association and a former
President of the American Federation for Clinical Research.
PETER W. LIKINS
Peter W. Likins, of Pennsylvania, has been President of Lehigh
University since 1982. His professional career began as a
development engineer with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, in 1958. In 1964 he joined
the faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles, where
he became Professor of Engineering and later, Associate Dean.
Dr. Likins received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from
Stanford in 1965. In 1976 he became Professor and Dean of
Columbia University, serving until 1980, when he became Provost
of the University.
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THOMAS E. LOVEJOY
Thomas E. Lovejoy, of Virginia, is the Assistant Secretary for
External Affairs, The Smithsonian Institution. His previous
experience includes service as a research assistant at the
University of Pennsylvania, 1971-74, after receiving his Ph.D. in
biology from Yale University in 1971; as Executive Assistant to
the Science Director and as Assistant to the Vice President for
Resources and Planning of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
1972-73; as the Vice President for Science of the World Wildlife
Fund-U.S., 1973-87; and as Executive Vice President, 1985-89.
Dr. Lovejoy is President of the Society for Conservation Biology.
WALTER E. MASSEY
Walter E. Massey, of Illinois, has been the Vice President of the
University of Chicago for Research and for Argonne National
Laboratory since 1984. He has also been Professor of Physics at
the University since 1979.
Dr. Massey previously served as a physics instructor at Morehouse
College, 1958-59; and after receiving his Ph.D. in physics from
Washington University in 1966, as a staff physicist with the
Argonne National Laboratory until 1968; as Assistant Professor of
Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1968-70; Associate
Professor of Physics and Dean of the College, Brown University,
1975-79. He is Vice President, and President-elect, of the
American Physical Society and is the Past President and Chairman
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
JOHN P. MCTAGUE
John P. McTague, of Michigan, is Vice President-Research, Ford
Motor Company, and has served in that position since 1986.
In 1983 Dr. McTague was appointed Deputy Director of the Office
of Science and Technology Policy, becoming Acting Science Advisor
to the President and Acting Director of OSTP in 1986. Prior to
that, he was Chairman of the National Synchrotron Light Source
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1982-83. He was
Professor of Chemistry and a member of the Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los
Angeles, 1970-82. Dr. McTague began his professional career as a
member of the Technical Staff, North American Aviation Science
Center, on receiving his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Boston
University, and remained there until 1970. He is U.S. Chairman
of the U.S. Japan Joint High Level Advisory Panel on Cooperation
in Research and Development in Science and Technology.
DANIEL NATHANS
Nobel Laureate Nathans, of Maryland, is Professor of Molecular
Biology and Genetics at The Johns Hopkins University Medical
School and Senior Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical
Institute. He has been on the faculty of The Johns Hopkins
University Medical School since 1962.
After receiving his Medical Degree from Washington University in
1954, he served as Medical Resident at the Columbia-Presbyterian
Medical Center in New York, 1955, 1957-59; as Clinical Associate
at the National Cancer Institute, 1955-57, and Guest Investigator
in biochemistry at the Rockefeller University, 1959-62.
Dr. Nathans received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in
1978 for his research with enzymes that cut DNA into specific
pieces, one of the basic tools of genetic engineering.
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DAVID PACKARD
David Packard, of California, has been Chairman of the Board of
the Hewlett-Packard Co. since 1972. Mr. Packard received his
B.A. and B.S.E.E. degrees from Stanford University in 1934 and
1939, respectively.
His professional experience includes service as an engineer with
the Vacuum Tube Engineering Department, GE Co., 1936-38; co-
founder and partner, the Hewlett-Packard Co., 1939-47; President,
1947-64; and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, 1964-69.
Prior to his present position, Mr. Packard served as U.S. Deputy
Secretary of Defense from 1969-71.
Mr. Packard received the Vannevar Bush Award of the National
Science Board in 1987 and the President's National Medal of
Technology and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988.
HAROLD T. SHAPIRO
Harold T. Shapiro, of New Jersey, has been President of Princeton
University since 1988.
Dr. Shapiro's previous academic experience has been with the
University of Michigan, after receiving his Ph.D. in economics
from Princeton in 1964, first as an Assistant Professor of
Economics. His career progressed from Associate Professor,
1967-70; Professor, 1970-76; Chairman of the Department of
Economics, 1974-77; Professor of Economics and Public Policy,
1977; Vice President for Academic Affairs, 1977-79.
Dr. Shapiro was President of the University of Michigan from 1980
until 1987. He has served as a member of many industrial,
governmental and academic boards and commissions.
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