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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: Donated Historical Materials Collection/Office of Origin: Frieden, Lex, Collection Series: Printed Materials Subseries: Manuals OA/ID Number: 52103 Folder ID Number: 52103-016 Folder Title: "Reaching Towards Independence: The Un-Directory" [1981] [2] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: CHAPTER 10 EDUCATION CHAPTER 10 EDUCATION A. INTRODUCTION B. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES - WHAT TO LOOK FOR C. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - WHITEWATER D. TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING E. COMMUNITY EDUCATION F. ADULT EDUCATION - ABE, GED, ESL G. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND MAINSTREAMING MILWAUKEE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OTHER PROGRAMS H. DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION (DVR) I. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION (VA) 195 EDUCATION A. INTRODUCTION Today's adults, whether disabled or non-disabled, have more education opportunities than ever before. They partici- pate in education programs for a variety of reasons: for self- growth and personal satisfaction, to increase the respect of family members, to have more opportunity for job advancement, to get an increase in pay, and as a means of getting involved in the community. This chapter will explain the general types of programs available in the Milwaukee area. It will also discuss the things a disabled person should consider when selecting a school to attend. 197 B. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES - WHAT TO LOOK FOR Making the right choice of a college or university is a difficult task. There are many things to consider, even for those who do not have a disability. Some of the decisions that must be made are: 1. geographic location 2. resident or commuter 3. cost and financial assistance 4. type of academic programs available 5. employment opportunities while attending school 6. social incentives If you have a disability, there are other factors that must go into your choice of a school. A school is similar to your home; whatever support services are available at home must be available at school. Some of the general things that must be considered are: 1. Is the campus free of architectural barriers? 2. Is there an attendant care program on campus? 3. Is there a disabled students organization? 4. Is there adequate transportation available? 5. Are there resources for the visually impaired? 6. Are there resources for the hearing impaired? 7. Is there a special office for disabled students that can help with financial aid, counseling, volunteer assistance, note-taking, etc. ? 8. Is there a wheelchair repair service? 9. Is there a recreation/leisure program that meets the needs of disabled students? 10. Are there vocational counseling and job placement services that consider the special needs of disabled students? 198 These questions have been provided to make you aware of your own special needs. When choosing a college or university to attend, whether it is in-state or out-of-state, be sure to ask questions, and get definite answers. Doing SO ahead of time will help you avoid problems during your college career. For a list of the colleges and universities in the Mil- waukee area, see "Schools - Colleges & Universities (academic)" in the Yellow Pages. C. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - WHITEWATER The University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, located in South- eastern Wisconsin, is less than a half hour's drive from Milwaukee. It is specially mentioned here because it is designed to encourage disabled students to participate in all facets of their undergraduate and graduate programs. However, the major emphasis is on the role of the student. Although the disabled student is responsible for his own academic and personal program, the Rehabilitation-Education Services program will work with the student to help develop the necessary resources to accommodate his/her disability. A pre-enrollment evaluation is strongly encouraged to ensure that the necessary support services are available. This is generally done the semester before admission. UNIVERSITY SERVICES Some of the services offered at Whitewater are: 1. Career counseling 2. Tutorial services; individual and group tutoring sessions are offered in most subject areas and generally free of charge 3. Advising 4. Financial aid 5. Learning skills center; provides assistance to increase reading, writing and math skills. This is offered as a credit course. 6. Placement offices; assists students with job placement after graduation. 7. Speech and Hearing Clinic; offers free hearing evaluations and speech therapy. 199 SPECIALIZED SERVICES Whitewater offers a wide variety of services for the severely disabled student in order to assist them to success- fully participate in University life. Among these services are: 1. Transportation; a weekly fee is charged 2. Wheelchair repair and maintenance service; there is a charge for the needed parts. 3. Taped textbooks, braille and large print services are available for the visually impaired; there is a charge for some methods of reproducing textbooks. 4. Reader services; this is sometimes done by volunteers and therefore, helps to eliminate any charges. 5. Attendant care for hire; assistance will be provided with attendant recruitment and training (for students who complete the on-campus evaluation) 6. Mobility orientation for the visually impaired 7. Assistance in applying for financial aid. PHYSICAL THERAPY AND FUNCTIONAL TRAINING Services offered in these areas are: 1. Special testing available to the visually impaired, learning disabled and those students with severe motor impairments with difficulty in writing. 2. Training is available in dressing, showering, groom- ing, wheelchair transfer and general wheelchair handling skills. 3. Consultation on prosthetic/orthotic needs as well as adaptive equipment. 4. Attendant Care Training. ACCESSIBILITY All major academic areas and programs are designed to provide maximum accessibility, including curb cuts, ramps, elevators, automatic doors, etc. 200 HOUSING Wells Hall is a University-owned residence hall with full accessibility for the disabled student. All the University halls are open to disabled students if they do not require any special modifications. CAMPUS ACTIVITIES A wide variety of recreational activities are available for the disabled student including swimming, bowling, basket- ball, track and field, table tennis and canoeing. For more information on the admissions procedures and the above listed programs, contact: UW-Whitewater Baker Hall Admissions Office Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190 D. TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING Accessibility, cost, location, and whether special services are available for disabled students must also be con- sidered when choosing a training program to attend. Compared to a university, the completion of a training program leads more directly into employment. So, career choice is a major consideration to keep in mind. When selecting a school, its overall credibility should be checked, as well as its job place- ment rate for students who complete a particular program. An important source of occupational information is available at the downtown library. It is a two-volume study entitled the "Wisconsin Career Information System" and it provides thorough occupational information both county- and state-wide. For over 600 occupations, there is a job descrip- tion as well as workers' opinions on the advantages and dis- advantages of that occupation. The study also describes the methods of entry into the job, such as experience, apprentice- ship, degree, and the recommended or required courses for the training program. Finally, it discusses opportunities for advancement, provides salary information, and presents the current and long-range employment outlook for the occupation. This text, along with many other sources of information, is available at: 278-3000 MILWAUKEE CENTRAL LIBRARY 814 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53233 For information on a particular training program, call the school that offers it. See "Schools" in the Yellow Pages. 201 E. COMMUNITY EDUCATION A community education class or continuing education class is offered for one main reason: because a group of people have expressed interest in learning about a particular subject. The emphasis in community or continuing education is not on what people "should" learn, but on what people "want" to learn. Milwaukee is a community-oriented city. There are numerous community education programs with classes and facilities in neighborhoods. They are there for you to participate in. A list of all the programs available would be incomplete, because many programs are seasonal. Also, the programs that are offered change often. The best way to find out what community education classes are available is to get on a mailing list. The YMCA and YWCA are good places to start. Another would be your local church, school, or parish. These institutions publicize special events and educational opportunities through bulletins and flyers. If there is a block club where you live, they might have information. Or, there might be a community health center that serves your neighborhood and that offers interesting education/outreach programs. Check your local supermarket's bulletin board, too. Following are major educational institutions in Milwaukee that offer community education or continuing education classes. Call them and get on their mailing lists. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-EXTENSION 963-5925 Continuing Education MILWAUKEE AREA TECHNICAL COLLEGE Admissions & Registration Information 278-6370 Day School 278-6686 Evening School MILWAUKEE PUBLIC SCHOOLS Division of Municipal Recreation & Community Education 475-8190 Adult Classes 475-8193 Programs for Exceptional Education Students & Disabled Adults MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY 224-7345 Continuing Education 202 F. ADULT EDUCATION "Adult basic education" is a general term for education programs for people over seventeen years of age who read at the eighth grade level or below. These programs focus on the development of basic reading and math skills. "GED programs" help adults prepare for the GED tests. "GED" stands for General Educational Development, and a person who takes and passes the GED test earns his High School Equivalency Diploma. This diploma is as acceptable as a regular high school diploma in meeting the requirements for a job, or for admission to a college or technical training program. There are five tests that make up the GED, and they are given in the following order: 1. Writing Skills (english grammar) 2. Social Studies 3. Natural Science 4. Reading Skills 5. Mathematics The cost to take the GED test is $10, and pre-registra- tion is required. For more information about where and when the GED test is given and how to sign up for it, call: 278-6233 MILWAUKEE AREA TECHNICAL COLLEGE Counseling Center A person who fails any of the five tests must wait 90 days before taking it again. The retest fee is $2 per test. Special arrangements can be made to take the test in Spanish, to take it on tape, or to have assistance in recording the answers on the answer sheet. The test may not, however, be read to a person. Passing the GED test can be the first step toward getting into a technical training program, getting a pay raise, or find- ing a more challenging job. Without the High School Equivalency Diploma these opportunities might not be available and so, for a disabled or non-disabled person, not having this diploma can be a "handicap" in itself. A person is not required to attend classes before taking the GED test. Instead, he can buy GED practice books at many area bookstores and study for the test on his own. However, for those who prefer to attend classes, there are a variety of programs in Milwaukee. Classes are held in the daytime and in the evening. Some classes meet every day, and others just once a week. Besides the usual classroom setting for instruction, GED preparation is offered on TV Channel 10/36 through Milwaukee 203 Area Technical College. This method of study would be especially suitable for a homebound person. Some programs require attendance on a term-by-term basis; others allow stu- dents to enter or drop out of classes at any time. Adult basic education classes are for the purpose of improving an adult's reading and math skills. This area of adult education also includes "literacy training", or learning how to read. Every effort is made in adult basic education classes to meet a student's individual learning needs. Generally, instruction is provided to small groups of students who are at a similar reading level. "ESL" refers to English as a Second Language, and ESL classes are a part of many basic education programs in Milwaukee. These classes are for people who are non-English speaking or limited in their use of English, and who want to improve their conversational, reading, and/or writing skills in English. Presently, there are 22 different organizations in the Milwaukee area that offer adult education programs. Basic Education for Adults: A Resource Directory for Southeastern Wisconsin describes these programs. The booklet 1S available free of charge by contacting: 963-4934 EMPLOYMENT & TRAINING INSTITUTE UW-M Enderis Hall P. 0. Box 413 Milwaukee, WI 53201 This booklet is also available for use at SEWCIL. It can help a person decide on the best classes to attend, based on the cost (if any) , hours, and location. The booklet also states whether the building the program is located in is accessible. G. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND MAINSTREAMING MILWAUKEE PUBLIC SCHOOLS The Milwaukee Public Schools (M.P.S.) divides its program- ming into two major areas: general services and exceptional education programs. The exceptional education programs are: 1. autistic program 2. deaf & hard of hearing 3. generic early childhood 4. emotionally disturbed 5. home & hospital 6. learning disabilities 204 7. physically handicapped 8. mentally retarded 9. school age parents 10. speech and language disabilities 11. visually handicapped These exceptional education programs are located at various elementary, middle, and high schools in Milwaukee. For specific school locations of the above programs, contact: 799-1122 M.P.S. INFORMATION CENTER For more information on the preceding exceptional education programs at M.P.S., contact: 475-8783 M.P.S. Exceptional Education The amount of time that an M.P.S. student spends in an exceptional education program depends on the individual's needs and the severity of the disability. In those areas where a disabled student can successfully function with peers in the regular school program, the student is encouraged to do so. This practice of including disabled children in regular class- rooms whenever appropriate is called "mainstreaming". When parents or a teacher, doctor, social worker, or other professional suspect that a child might have an exceptional education need, this is reported to the child's local school or to the school district. With the parents' consent, the child is then referred to an M-Team (Multidisciplinary Team) for evaluation. The M-Team is made up of professionals such as a special education teacher, reading specialist, speech/language therapist, psychologist, regular classroom teacher, and social worker. This M-Team identifies the specific needs of the child and then develops an appropriate education plan for that child. This plan is called an I.E.P. (Individualized Education Program) and spells out in detail how and where special services will be given to a student. It must be approved by the student's parents. OTHER PROGRAMS 258-8150 WAUWATOSA PUBLIC SCHOOLS 7420 W. State Street SPECIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Wauwatosa, WI 53213 744-0136 ST. JOHN'S SCHOOL FOR 3680 S. Kinnickinnic Avenue THE DEAF St. Francis, WI 53207 205 This private education program serves children 3 to 19 years of age who are deaf or severely hearing impaired. Its financial support comes from tuition, contributions and fund raising events. 257-6793 CHILD FIND 2930 S. Root River Parkway Milwaukee, WI 53219 This private non-profit organization will work with the parents or significant others and their disabled children in relation to finding appropriate services, e.g. school and reha- bilitation programs, etc. In addition, when you have specific questions concerning school programs for disabled children please refer to your community's school listing and ask for information regarding Special or Exceptional Education Programs. Refer to them in either the white or yellow pages (listed under Schools). . H. DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION (DVR) The Wisconsin Division of Vocational Rehabilitation provides financial and material assistance for a disabled indi- vidual to attend an education or vocational training program, provided that the program will contribute to a person's employ- ability. For an explanation of DVR's services, see Section D of Chapter 4 or Section B of Chapter 11. I. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION (VA) Persons who have served in the military may be eligible for educational assistance through the Veterans Administration Eligibility and the amount of benefits depend on when the person served, for how long and the level of enrollment in school full-time, half-time). The VA also provides vocational and educational counseling. Other VA programs that are related to education include: 1. Loans - eligible veterans may also receive loans for college or other vocational training programs. The loans must be repaid with interest and are based on financial need. 2. Vocational Rehabilitation - Vocational rehabilitation services are available to eligible veterans who have a service connected disability. The veteran will be pro- vided with vocational counseling and financial assistance with education or vocational training. 3. Work-Study - Some work-study positions are available through the VA for veterans who enroll in education pro- grams. Those who have a disability are given preference. 206 4. Benefits for Spouses and Children - The spouses and children of totally disabled veterans are eligible for financial assistance. These benefits usually are avail- able for education beyond the high school level only. It should be noted that, for the above programs, future revisions in the Federal budget might affect a veteran's eligibility for these benefits. Booklets with more detailed information about the benefits are available from the VA. For more information, contact: 278-8680 VETERANS ADMINISTRATION 342 North Water Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 For a general description of the Veterans Administration, see Part A of Chapter 4, "Financial Assistance". 207 CHAPTER 11 EMPLOYMENT CHAPTER 11 EMPLOYMENT A. LEGISLATION B. THE ROLE OF DVR IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE DISABLED C. JOB SERVICE D. EFFECTS WORKING CAN HAVE ON BENIFITS YOU RECEIVE E. WORKING AND SOCIAL SECURITY BENIFITS F. THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN GOING FOR A JOB INTERVIEW G. VOLUNTEERING 211 EMPLOYMENT A. LEGISLATION You are disabled, qualified, and in need of a job. Looking for work is not an easy task for anybody. Certainly, the difficulties can be compounded if you are disabled. How- ever, affirmative action and non-discrimination programs exist today for the purpose of making it easier for you to get a job. Being aware of these programs will not be a "free ticket" to a job, but they might make it less difficult for you to obtain employment. There are three programs covering the employment of disabled people. Nation-wide, they cover thousands of employ- ers. Section 503: Every employer doing business with the Federal government under a contract for more than $2, ,500 must take "affirmative action" to hire the disabled. Contracts may be for the acquisition of supplies or services, or for the use of real estate or personal property. Affirmative Action involves more than encouraging employ- ers to hire more disabled people. It also covers job assign- ments, promotions, training, transfers, working conditions, terminations, and other work-related arrangements. Affirmative Action also involves encouraging more disabled people to enter the work force. Section 504: Each institution in the USA getting Federal financial assistance must take steps to assure that the disabled are not discriminated against in employment. Included are: schools, colleges, hospitals, nursing homes, social service agencies, and many more kinds of institutions and establish- ments. Section 503 calls for "affirmative action". Section 504 calls for "non-discrimination" In practice, there is little difference in how they affect the disabled in employment. Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act: Any employer with a Federal government contract of $10,000 or more must take "affirmative action" to hire disabled veterans of all wars, and all veterans of the Vietnam Era. Here,also, Affirmative Action applies not only to hiring, but to all other personnel actions as well. Essentially, these three programs mean this: Employers subscribing to any of them no longer may screen out people on the grounds of being disabled. The emphasis has shifted away from DISABILITY toward ABILITY. 213 How can you locate employers covered by these programs? Here are several ways: 1. Local public employment offices should know. about government contractors covered by Section 503 and the Veterans program. 2. Nearly all schools, colleges, hospitals, and institu- tions comply with Section 504. 3. Look over the Help Wanted ads in the newspapers. Some employers are beginning to mention that they hire the disabled. 4. The direct approach: When you apply for a job, simply ask whether the company is covered by any of these programs. When you apply for a job, be sure you are qualified. This is a must. You will not get a job just because you happen to be disabled. You might get the job because you are qualified. B. THE ROLE OF DVR IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE DISABLED The Wisconsin Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (DVR) is a state agency that is funded by the Federal government. The goal of this agency is to help the disabled person prepare for and find suitable employment. To accomplish this goal, DVR provides counseling, guidance, physical and mental restoration, evaluation, training, and job placement services. DVR serves people with physical, emotional, and mental disabilities. For more information about eligibility for DVR, specific services offered, and the location of DVR offices in the Mil- waukee area, see Section B of Chapter 4. C. JOB SERVICE The Wisconsin Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations is a comprehensive place to begin your employment search. This is the State Job Service. Job Service is a public employment center that helps employers find workers, and workers find jobs. Job Service is mandated by law to work with disabled persons or to refer a disabled person to other agencies to receive the help they need from the proper source. For blind persons, Job Service will provide reader assist- ance for taking any state test in applying for a job. Job Service also operates Unemployment Compensation. It determines benefit rights and pays benefits to qualifying unemployed workers. 214 Local branches of Job Service operate out of the following locations: 224-4201 Downtown JOB SERVICE 819 North 6th Street Down Milwaukee, WI 53203 224-4801 North JOB SERVICE 4222 West Capitol Drive Milwaukee, WI 53216 224-4008 South JOB SERVICES: 3023 West Greenfield Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53215 257-8990 2363 South 102nd Street West Allis, WI 53227 762-3999 905 Milwaukee Avenue South Milwaukee, WI 53172 D. EFFECTS THAT WORKING CAN HAVE ON BENEFITS YOU RECEIVE The decision to seek or return to work is not a simple one to make, particularly when you are a disabled person receiving any type of financial assistance from the govern- ment. This decision can affect the amount of benefits you receive, your eligibility. for further benefits, and even your eligibility to reapply and receive these benefits at a later date. Again, this decision should be made very carefully and only after having ALL your facts straight; consult with your caseworker, an advocate or with other knowledgeable persons in the community. We would recommend contacting the following: 1. The Department of Social Services 2. The Division of Vocational Rehabilitation 3. Social Security Administration 4. State of Wisconsin-Division of Health For the phone numbers and addresses please refer to our Agencies and Community Resources Chapter 3. In addition, a more detailed explanation of the effect working can have on your SSI and SSDI benefits follows this section. 215 E. WORKING AND SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS If you are a disabled person collecting SSI or SSDI and you are thinking about getting a job, ask yourself: Why do I want to work? Your answer might be one of the following: 1. I cannot afford to lose the benefits that I am currently receiving, but I need to earn a little extra money. 2. I want à full-time job. I do not want to depend on the government. I want to support myself and earn more money. 3. I need something productive to do with my time. I want to feel useful. Each of these purposes for working are, of course, valid. Following are explanations of how the money and services you are receiving now can change, because of income that you re- ceive from employment. 1. I cannot afford to lose the benefits that I am currently receiving, but I need to earn a little extra money. If you want to work to earn a little extra money but cannot afford to lose the benefits you are currently receiving, then you should find out: a. Exactly how much money you can earn, without it affecting the money and services you are receiving now; and, b. If you do earn more than this amount, what effects this extra income will have on the money and services you are receiving now. To find out how much you can earn without it affecting what you are receiving now, or what effect income above that amount will have on the money and services you are receiving now, contact the agency or agencies (Social Security Adminis- tration, Department of Health and Social Services) that pro- vide the money or services. Keep in mind that, if you earn above a certain amount, you could lose your eligibility for certain benefits (SSI, SSDI, Medical Assistance, housing subsidy). 2. I want a full-time job. I do not want to depend on the government. I want to support myself and earn more money. If you want a full-time job SO that you can support yourself, not have to depend on the government, and earn more money, then you will have to figure out exactly how much income 216 you would have to earn, in order to replace the money and services that you are currently receiving. If you find that you cannot earn enough to replace the money and services that you are currently receiving, then you will have to weigh very carefully your reasons for taking a particular job. To find out exactly how much money you would have to earn in order to equal the amount of money and services that you are receiving now, you need to do the following (Note: Be sure all of the figures you use are on a monthly basis) a. Write down the amount of money you are receiving now. b. List the specific services that you are receiving now. Include those services that you are eligible for and might need. Examples of services are: subsidized housing, Medical Assistance (doctor bills, medication, dental bills, home health care, special equipment), Food Stamps, and supportive home care services. C. For each service listed in (b.), determine the dollar amount that you would have to pay for it, if it were not either free or provided at a reduced cost to you (or, in other words, if you had to pay for it yourself). d. Add up the money (a.) and dollar amount for services that you are receiving now or might need (c.). This total (d.) is the amount that you will have to earn, in order to live at the same level as you are living at now. Keep in mind that your earnings will be smaller, after payroll deductions are made in your paycheck (Federal, state, and local taxes, insurance, union fees, etc.). Now that you have figured out a total dollar value for the money and services that you are receiving now, ask your- self again: How much will I have to earn in order to equal or exceed what I am currently receiving? There are other things to consider as well, in relation to employment. For example, what type of health insurance do you have now? What medical expenses do you have now? What kind of health insurance would you have if you were employed? What services would that health insurance cover? Or, more importantly, what services would it not cover? If you are currently receiving Medical Assistance (Title 19) and if your medical expenses are not costly or frequent, then health insurance coverage might not be of too much concern to you. However, if you receive Medical Assistance and your medical expenses are costly and frequent, you will have to check very carefully into the kind of insurance that your prospective employer offers. You will need to find out whether you are eligible for it, exactly what it will cover, and how much of the monthly premium you will have to pay yourself (none? 25%? 50%?). 217