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446396866
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NSD-45 - August 20, 1990 - U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
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446396866
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NSD-45 - August 20, 1990 - U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
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90004-020
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Records of the National Security Council (George H. W. Bush Administration)
National Security Directives (NSD) Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
2004-0416-F
2004-0416-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: National Security Council
Series:
H-Files
Subseries:
NSD Files
OA/ID Number:
90004
Folder ID Number:
90004-020
Folder Title:
NSD-45 - August 20, 1990 - U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
V
15
1
2
2
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Doc. No. / Type
Subject/Title
Date
Restriction
Classification
01. Memo
National Security Directive 45
08/20/1990
(b)(1)
S
POTUS to The Vice President, et.al.
Re: U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (5
pp.)
02a. Distribution
Re: US Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (1 pp.)
8/20/90
(b)(3)
Record
02b. Distribution
Re: US Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (4 pp.)
8/20/90
(b)(3)
Record
03. Memo
Sandra Charles through Richard N. Haass to Brent Scowcroft
08/14/1990
(b)(1)
S
Re: National Security Directive on U.S. Policy in Response to the
Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (1 pp.)
04a. Draft Memo
National Security Directive 45
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
POTUS to The Vice President, et.al.
Re: U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (3
pp.)
04b. Draft Memo
National Security Directive 45
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
POTUS to The Vice President, et.al.
Re: U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (4
pp.)
Page 1 of 2
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
H-Files
Subseries:
NSD Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
NSD-45 - August 20, 1990 - U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Pinksheet Number:
DJC1347
OA/ID Number:
90004-017
Date Closed:
9/9/2009
FOIA/Sys Case #:
2004-0416-F
Re-review Case #:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Doc. No. / Type
Subject/Title
Date
Restriction
Classification
05a. Memo
Sandra Charles through Richard N. Haass to Brent Scowcroft
08/14/1990
(b)(1)
S
Re: National Security Directive on U.S. Policy in Response to the
Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (1 pp.)
05b. Draft Memo
National Security Directive 45
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
POTUS to The Vice President, et.al.
Re: U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (5
pp.)
05c. Memo
Sandra Charles through Richard N. Haass to Brent Scowcroft
08/14/1990
(b)(1)
S
Re: National Security Directive on U.S. Policy in Response to the
Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (1 pp.)
05d. Draft Memo
National Security Directive 45
n.d.
(b)(1)
S
POTUS to The Vice President, et.al.
Re: U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (5
pp.)
Page 2 of 2
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
H-Files
Subseries:
NSD Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
NSD-45 - August 20, 1990 - U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Pinksheet Number:
DJC1347.
OA/ID Number:
90004-017
Date Closed:
9/9/2009
FOIA/Sys Case #:
2004-0416-F
Re-review Case #:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
SECRET
20963
No. nsd0045
COPY ORIGINAL
NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL
INFORMATION
Notice
The attached document contains classified National Security Council
Information. It is to be read and discussed only by persons authorized by
law.
Your signature acknowledges you are such a person and you promise you
will show or discuss information contained in the document only with
persons who are authorized by law to have access to this document.
Persons handling this document acknowledge he or she knows and
understands the security law relating thereto and will cooperate fully with
any lawful investigation by the United States Government into any
unauthorized disclosure of classified information contained herein.
Access List
DATE
NAME
DATE
NAME
9/11/90
9/11/90 amynicaning
DECLASSIFIED
White House Guidelines
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B) September 11, 2006
BYDR By NARA, Date 09/07/2017
SECRET
Bush Library Photocopy
SECRET
SCRL
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 20, 1990
NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTIVE 45
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL
AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion
of Kuwait ()
U.S. Interests
U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf are vital to the national
security. These interests include access to oil and the security
and stability of key friendly states in the region. The United
States will defend its vital interests in the area, through the
use of U.S. military force if necessary and appropriate, against
any power with interests inimical to our own. The United States
also will support the individual and collective self-defense of
friendly countries in the area to enable them to play a more
active role in their own defense. The United States will
encourage the effective expressions of support and the
participation of our allies and other friendly states to promote
our mutual interests in the Persian Gulf region. (S)
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 12958.
F89-191
SECRET
3c 11/22/96
Declassify on: OADR
SECRET
Bush Library Photocopy
SECRET
2
On Thursday, August 2, 1990 the government of Iraq, without
provocation or warning, invaded and occupied the State of Kuwait,
thereby placing these vital U.S. interests at risk. Four
principles will guide U.S. policy during this crisis: ($)
--
the immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all
Iraqi forces from Kuwait; ($)
-- the restoration of Kuwait's legitimate government to replace
the puppet. regime installed by Iraq;
(8)
--
a commitment to the security and stability of the Persian
Gulf; and, ($)
--
the protection of the lives of American citizens abroad.
($)
To meet these principles and to bring the crisis to an immediate,
peaceful, and just end, I hereby direct that the following
diplomatic, economic, energy and military measures be undertaken.
(8)
Diplomatic
The United States will continue to support the precepts of UNSC
resolution 660 and 662 condemning Iraq's invasion and subsequent
annexation of Kuwait and calling for the immediate and
unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The
Secretary of State should continue to work bilaterally with our
allies and friends, and in concert with the international
community through the United Nations and other fora, to find a
peaceful solution to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and to
restore Kuwait's legitimate government. ($)
Economic
Consistent with my authority under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act, the National Emergencies Act, the United
Nations Participation Act, and section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, the Executive Orders signed on August 2 and
August 9, 1990 freezing Kuwaiti and Iraqi assets in this country
and prohibiting transactions with Iraq and Kuwait remain in
force. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, should continue to take such actions,
including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes of these Orders.
Furthermore, the United States will continue to support UNSC
Resolution 661 imposing mandatory economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. We
will emphasize individual and collective compliance with these
SECRET
SECRET
Bush Library Photocopy
SECRET
3
SECRET
sanctions, but are prepared, if necessary, to enforce them in the
exercise of our inherent right of individual and collective
self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter.
(8)
Energy
The United States now imports nearly half the oil it consumes
and, as a result of the current crisis, could face a major threat
to its economy. Much of the world is even more dependent on
imported oil and more vulnerable to Iraqi threats. To minimize
any impact that oil flow reductions from Iraq and Kuwait will
have on the world's economies, it will be our policy to ask
oil-producing nations to do what they can to increase production
to offset these losses. I also direct the Secretaries of State
and Energy to explore with the member countries of the
International Energy Agency (IEA) a coordinated drawdown of
strategic petroleum reserves, and implementation of complementary
measures. I will continue to ask the American public to exercise
restraint in their own consumption of oil products. The
Secretary of Energy should work with various sectors of the U.S.
economy to encourage energy conservation and fuel switching to
non-oil sources, where appropriate and economic. Finally, I will
continue to appeal to oil companies to show restraint in their
pricing of crude oil and products. The Secretary of Energy, as
appropriate, should work with oil companies in this regard. (8)
Military
To protect U.S. interests in the Gulf and in response to requests
from the King of Saudi Arabia and the Amir of Kuwait, I have
ordered U.S. military forces deployed to the region for two
purposes: to deter and, if necessary, defend Saudi Arabia and
other friendly states in the Gulf region from further Iraqi
aggression; and to enforce the mandatory Chapter 7 sanctions
under Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC Resolutions 660 and
661. U.S. forces will work together with those of Saudi Arabia
and other Gulf countries to preserve their national integrity and
to deter further Iraqi aggression. Through their presence, as
well as through training and exercises, these multinational
forces will enhance the overall capability of Saudi Arabia and
other regional states to defend themselves.
(8)
I also approve U.S. participation, in conjunction with the forces
of other friendly governments, in two separate multinational
forces that would provide for the defense of Saudi Arabia and
enforce the UN mandated sanctions. These two groups will be
called the Multinational Force for Saudi Arabia (MNFSA) and the
Multinational Force to enforce sanctions (MNFES) against Iraq and
Kuwait. The United States should coordinate closely with the
Saudis, the Kuwaitis and others on the composition and
organization of these forces.
SECRET
SECRET
Bush Library Photocopy
SECRET
4
SECRET
The MNFSA: The MNFSA is to deter aggression by Iraq against
Saudi Arabia and other friendly Arab states in the Gulf, to
ensure the territorial integrity and political independence
of Saudi Arabia and other members of the GCC, and to conduct
exercises and training to enhance the proficiency of Saudi
forces in the defense of the Kingdom.
()
Adequate legal basis exists under the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions for the implementation of multinational efforts.
I do not believe it is necessary now for the United States
to seek additional UN endorsement for the MNFSA. If I
subsequently determined that further UN endorsement is
required, we should ensure that any UN-led effort is
acceptable to U.S. military commanders and an adequate
command structure is established and operating beforehand.
In concert with the other UNSC Permanent members, I
authorize U.S. participation in discussions of the UN
Military Staff Committee on the MNF operation for Saudi
Arabia. If such talks are initiated, they should be of
lower priority than talks concerning the MNFES.
Soviet participation in the MNFSA is warranted only if the
Saudis request it. If so, we should work with the Saudis to
insure that the Soviet mission is acceptable to us and that
Soviet forces are deployed at a distance from U.S.
operations in these countries. Soviet assistance in
providing lift support to others providing forces inside
Saudi Arabia should be encouraged.
The MNFES: The MNF to enforce economic sanctions against
Iraq and Kuwait is designed to bring about the withdrawal of
Iraqi forces from Kuwait, and to restore Kuwait's
sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
Participating countries would seek to prevent the export of
all commodities and products originating in Iraq or Kuwait,
regardless of port of embarkation or transshipment point,
and prevent the shipment to Iraq or Kuwait, regardless of
declared port of destination or transshipment point, of any
commodities or supplies whose provision to Iraq or Kuwait is
contrary to UNSC Resolutions 660 and 661. These efforts
should complement individual and collective compliance
measures already in force.
In accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions 660 and 661, I hereby direct that all imports
and exports, except medicines and food for humanitarian
purposes (i.e., natural disasters) bound to and from Iraq
and Kuwait be intercepted immediately. I direct the
SECRET
Bush Library Photocopy
SECRET
5
SECRET
Secretary of Defense to immediately organize and coordinate
a multinational force as requested by the Government of
Kuwait. U.S. forces, in coordination with other cooperating
national forces, should take necessary action to intercept
vessels on a case-by-case basis until sufficient U.S. and
other forces are available for more comprehensive
enforcement. I also approve the submission to Congress of a
separate letter informing it of the character and basis for
our intercept operations in keeping with my commitment to
congressional consultations on matters of national
importance. The GCC states and potential contributors to
the MNFES should be notified of the implementation of the
intercept operation. I also agree to Soviet participation
in the MNFES.
($)
Since the UN Charter provides the legal basis for the
conduct of this operation, I do not believe it is necessary
now to obtain additional UN endorsement for the MNFES.
Subject to the consent of the UNSC Permanent members, I
agree to allow U.S. participation in discussions of the
MNFES operation for enforcing sanctions against Iraq and
Kuwait by the UN Military Staff Committee.
(&)
Cy Bal
SECRET
SECRET
SECRET
RECORD ID: 9020963
NSC/S PROFILE
RECEIVED: 14 AUG 90 11
TO: AGENCIES
FROM: PRESIDENT
DOC DATE: 20 AUG 90
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: IRAQ
KUWAIT
NSD
ECONOMICS
SANCTIONS
PERSONS:
SUBJECT: NSD 45 US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
ACTION: PRES SGD NSD 45
DUE DATE: 17 AUG 90
STATUS: C
STAFF OFFICER: CHARLES
LOGREF:
FILES: IFD 0
NSCP: NSD0045
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
BROOME
CHARLES
DEAL
HAASS
JACKSON
KANTER
LAMPLEY
MENAN
NSC CHRON
PRYCE
RICE
DECLASSIFIED
RODMAN
White House Guidelines
ROSTOW
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B) September 11, 2006
SITTMANN
By Dr NARA, Date 09/09/2009
VAN ERON
WORKING
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY pucom
DATE
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSAJC
CLOSED BY: NSCDM /B
DOC 3 OF 3
SECRET
SECRET
RECORD ID: 9020963
ACTION DATA SUMMARY REPORT
DOC ACTION OFFICER
CAO ASSIGNED ACTION REQUIRED
001 SCOWCROFT
Z 90081413 FWD TO PRES FOR SIG
002 PRESIDENT
Z 90082017 FOR SIGNATURE
003
X 90082017 PRES SGD NSD 45
DECLASSIFIED
White House Guidelines
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B) September 11, 2006
By JR NARA, Date 09/09/2009
SECRET
SECRET
RECORD ID: 9020963
NSC/S PROFILE
RECEIVED: 14 AUG 90 11
TO: SCOWCROFT
FROM: CHARLES
DOC DATE: 14 AUG 90
HAASS
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: IRAQ
KUWAIT
DEFENSE POLICY
ECONOMICS
SANCTIONS
NSD
PERSONS:
SUBJECT: NSD RE US POLICY IN REPONSE TO IRAQUI INVASION OF KUWAIT
ACTION: FWD TO PRES FOR SIG
DUE DATE: 17 AUG 90
STATUS: X
STAFF OFFICER: CHARLES
LOGREF:
FILES: IFD
NSCP:
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
SCOWCROFT
DECLASSIFIED
White House Guidelines
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B) September 11, 2006
By Ir NARA, Date 09/05/2009
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY
DATE
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSAJC
CLOSED BY:
DOC 1 OF 1
SECRET
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL DIRECTORATE DISTRIBUTION
SUBJECT NSD-45 LOG NUMBER 9020963 DATE 20 AUG 1990
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
DIRECTORATE
COPY/SENT
RESTRICTED
NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR
#08
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
A
9/11/90
SECRETARIAT
B
4
INFORMATION POLICY
C
u
a
LEGAL ADVISER
D
u
INTELLIGENCE PROGRAMS
E
u
COUNSELOR/PLANNING
F
cl
LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS
G
EUROPEAN & SOVIET AFFAIRS
H
a
NEAR EAST/SOUTH ASIAN AFFAIRS
I
u
l
ASIAN AFFAIRS
J
a
AFRICAN AFFAIRS/INTL PROGRAMS
K
LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS
L
u
INTL ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
M
u
DEFENSE POLICY/ARMS CONTROL
N
u
WH SITUATION SUPPORT STAFF
o
i
NSC CHRON COPY
#13
RETURN TO NSC SECRETARIAT, ROOM 379, OEOB
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
ATTACHMENTS
Dre 09/09/2009
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
NSD45
ATTACHMENTS
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
DISTRIBUTION RECORD
DJL 07/09/2009
LOG 9020963
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
QUAYLE, D
8/21/90
0845
Q.Helity
VICE PRESIDENT
VIA ROOM 290
COPY: 1
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20500
sho 2248 Advanture
BAKER, J
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 2
ROOM 7224
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20520
BRADY, N
DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 3
ROOM 3408, MAIN TREASURY
15TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20220
566-2867
CHENEY, R
21 Aug 90 0658
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 4
ROOM 3E880
PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC
THORNBURGH, R
8/21/90 1:02pm Ardrek Matchews
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
ATTN: CUYLER WALKER
COPY: 5
VIA ROOM 5110
10TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20530
514-4195
WATKINS, J
8-21-90 1252 E.mmad V
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
COPY: 6
ROOM 7E054
1000 INDEPENDENCE AVE, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20585
586-5230
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 02 PAGES
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
02a. Distribution
Re: US Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
8/20/90
(b)(3)
Record
(1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
H-Files
Subseries:
NSD Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
NSD-45 - August 20, 1990 - U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Date Closed:
9/9/2009
OA/ID Number:
90004-017
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2004-0416-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
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agency-[(b)(2) of the FOIA]
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financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
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information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
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personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
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C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
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PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
ATTACHMENTS
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
DJL 09/09/2009
LOG 9020963
DISTRIBUTION RECORD
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION:
SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
DARMAN R
8/21/90
942 Jamet granes
OFC OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
VIA ROOM 260
COPY: 2
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20503
SCOWCROFT
8/21/90 8 8:25 Horence Danit
NATL SECURITY COUNCIL
1ST FLOOR, WEST WING
COPY: 8
WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, DC 20506
4/2/10 0700 R Chan
COPY: 9
(bx3)
POWELL
C
JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ROOM 2E873
PENTAGON
DEPT OF DEFENSE
WASHINGTON, DC
LEHMAN R
ARMS CONTROL & DISARMAMENT AGENCY
8/21/90 133d COPY:
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
ROOM 5933, MAIN STATE
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20451
647-8478
GELB B
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
8-21-988:00 COPY: Ruly 12 Holden
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
ROOM 822, USIA BUILDING
301 4TH STREET, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20547
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02 PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
NSD0045
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
ATTACHMENTS
DISTRIBUTION RECORD
Due 09/09/2009
LOG 9020963
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
QUAYLE, D
VICE PRESIDENT
VIA ROOM 290
COPY: 1
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20500
BAKER, J
8/20 2320 Wms.,ML
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 2
ROOM 7224
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20520
BRADY, N
DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 3
ROOM 3408, MAIN TREASURY
15TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20220
CHENEY, R
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 4
ROOM 3E880
PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC
THORNBURGH, R
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
ATTN: CUYLER WALKER
COPY: 5
VIA ROOM 5110
10TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20530
WATKINS, J
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
COPY: 6
ROOM 7E054
1000 INDEPENDENCE AVE, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20585
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 02 PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
ATTACHMENTS
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
Fe 09/09/2009
LOG 9020963
DISTRIBUTION RECORD
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
QUAYLE, D
VICE PRESIDENT
VIA ROOM 290
COPY: 1
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20500
BAKER, J
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 2
ROOM 7224
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20520
BRADY, N
8-21 3:15 na
DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 3
ROOM 3408, MAIN TREASURY
15TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20220
CHENEY, R
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 4
ROOM 3E880
PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC
THORNBURGH, R
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
ATTN: CUYLER WALKER
COPY: 5
VIA ROOM 5110
10TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20530
WATKINS, J
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
COPY: 6
ROOM 7E054
1000 INDEPENDENCE AVE, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20585
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 02 PAGES
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LOG 9020963
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DUC 09/09/2009
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
QUAYLE, D
VICE PRESIDENT
VIA ROOM 290
COPY: 1
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20500
BAKER, J
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 2
ROOM 7224
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20520
BRADY, N
DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 3
ROOM 3408, MAIN TREASURY
15TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20220
CHENEY, R
21 AUG 1990 0920
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
X5.4059
COPY: 4
ROOM 3E880
PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC
THORNBURGH, R
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
ATTN: CUYLER WALKER
COPY: 5
VIA ROOM 5110
10TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20530
WATKINS, J
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
COPY: 6
ROOM 7E054
1000 INDEPENDENCE AVE, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20585
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 02 PAGES
RECEIVED
1990 AUG 21 AM 7: 49
CABLE NV.
y
were ena IS
020334 D
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
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DJ2 09/09/2009
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
QUAYLE, D
VICE PRESIDENT
VIA ROOM 290
COPY: 1.
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20500
BAKER, J
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 2
ROOM 7224
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20520
BRADY, N
DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 3
ROOM 3408, MAIN TREASURY
15TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20220
CHENEY, R
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 4
ROOM 3E880
PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC
THORNBURGH, R
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
ATTN: CUYLER WALKER
COPY: 5
VIA ROOM 5110
10TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20530
WATKINS, J
8-21-90 1:20p Belinda Hood
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
COPY: 6
ROOM 7E054
1000 INDEPENDENCE AVE, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20585
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 02 PAGES
RECEIVED
90 AUG 22 P 4 1990 36UG 21 P 1: 40
OF ENERGY
ES
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
02b. Distribution
Re: US Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
8/20/90
(b)(3)
Record
(4 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
National Security Council
Series:
H-Files
Subseries:
NSD Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
NSD-45 - August 20, 1990 - U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Date Closed:
9/9/2009
OA/ID Number:
90004-017
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2004-0416-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
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Doc 09/09/2009
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
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DARMAN, R
OFC OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
VIA ROOM 260
COPY: 2
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20503
SCOWCROFT
NATL SECURITY COUNCIL
1ST FLOOR, WEST WING
COPY: 8
WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, DC 20506
(b)(3)
COPY: 9
POWELL, C
JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ROOM 2E873
COPY: 10
PENTAGON
DEPT OF DEFENSE
WASHINGTON, DC
LEHMAN, R
ARMS CONTROL & DISARMAMENT AGENCY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 11
ROOM 5933, MAIN STATE
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20451
GELB, B
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 12
ROOM 822, USIA BUILDING
301 4TH STREET, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20547
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
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1
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DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
DARMAN, R
OFC OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
VIA ROOM 260
COPY: 2
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20503
SCOWCROFT
NATL SECURITY COUNCIL
1ST FLOOR, WEST WING
COPY: 8
WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, DC 20506
(b)(3)
POWELL C
21 ang 90 21 90 1330 my Juner
JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
MICHAELE. TURNER
ROOM 2E873
COPY: 10
LTC, USAH
PENTAGON
ASSE Dep Admin Asst
to the C/CS
DEPT OF DEFENSE
WASHINGTON, DC
LEHMAN, R
ARMS CONTROL & DISARMAMENT AGENCY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 11
ROOM 5933, MAIN STATE
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20451
GELB, B
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 12
ROOM 822, USIA BUILDING
301 4TH STREET, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20547
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02 PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
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DJ2 09/09/2009
LOG 9020963
DISTRIBUTION RECORD
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
DARMAN, R
OFC OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
VIA ROOM 260
COPY: 2
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20503
SCOWCROFT
NATL SECURITY COUNCIL
1ST FLOOR, WEST WING
COPY: 8
WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, DC 20506
(b)(3)
POWELL, C
JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ROOM 2E873
COPY: 10
PENTAGON
DEPT OF DEFENSE
WASHINGTON, DC
LEHMAN
R
ARMS CONTROL & DISARMAMENT AGENCY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
8/21/90 1:50 Mary L Flagg COPY:
ROOM 5933, MAIN STATE
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20451
GELB, B
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 12
ROOM 822, USIA BUILDING
301 4TH STREET, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20547
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02 PAGES
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NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
DJC 09/09/2029
LOG 9020963
DISTRIBUTION RECORD
DATE 20 AUG 90
SUBJECT: US POLICY IN RESPONSE TO THE IRAQI INVASION OF KUWAIT
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: SECRET
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
DARMAN, R
OFC OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
VIA ROOM 260
COPY: 2
OLD EXECUTIVE OFC BLDG
WASHINGTON, DC 20503
SCOWCROFT
NATL SECURITY COUNCIL
1ST FLOOR, WEST WING
COPY: 8
WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, DC 20506
(b)(3)
POWELL, C
JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
ROOM 2E873
COPY: 10
PENTAGON
DEPT OF DEFENSE
WASHINGTON, DC
LEHMAN, R
ARMS CONTROL & DISARMAMENT AGENCY
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 11
ROOM 5933, MAIN STATE
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20451
GELB B
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
8/21/90 3:40pm.
VIA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
COPY: 12
ROOM 822, USIA BUILDING
301 4TH STREET, SW
WASHINGTON, DC 20547
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: WEST WING DESK SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02 PAGES
NSD WAS
DISPATCHED 8/20
5Tm,
NO COME BACK
Charles queen
COPIES WERE
MADE TO ANYONE
"Copy"
RT ALL CDM 8/20
Chron #13
Document Originally
Attached to
Following Page
8/22
the
Document Originally
Attached to
Following Page
National Security Council
The White House
LOG # 20963
PROOFED BY:
URGENT NOT PROOFED:
SYSTEM PRS NSC INT
BYPASSED WW DESK:
DOCLOG
A/O
SEQUENCE TO
HAS SEEN
DISPOSITION
Ken Hill
Bill Sittmann
Bob Gates
Brent Scowcroft
Bill Sittmann VED
Situation Room
E
West Wing Desk
AUG21 P3: 39
I
DAD 8/21 A
E
NSC Secretariat
2
B
Add toFile
06
A = Action
I = Information
D = Dispatch
R = Retain
N = No further Action
cc:
VP
Sununu
Other
Should be seen by:
(Date/Time)
COMMENTS BRIAN, wwing Desh
informed me that these were
briginal extra pages ordered
but never used. See me if you
have questions
DISPATCH INSTRUCTIONS: Bobby
WID
-Refurring original
- Pres sgd NSP 45
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The White House
PROOFED BY: Bn
LOG # 20963
URGENT NOT PROOFED:
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BYPASSED WW DESK:
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SEQUENCE TO
HAS SEEN
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of Ken Hill
/
KH
A
Bill Sittmann
Bob Gates
Brent Scowcroft
2
Bill Sittmann
D
Situation Room
West Wing Desk
NSC Secretariat RECE
RE
AUG14 PI. 30
3
file
R
06
A Action
I = Information
D = Dispatch
R = Retain
N = No further Action
cc:
VP
Sununu
Other
Should be seen by:
(Date/Time)
COMMENTS
NSP
DISPATCH INSTRUCTIONS:
Exee Sec office has diskette
is attached
SECRET
20963
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
return to
NSC
(Stamp it Pres
ACTION
has seen)
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
B
SUBJECT:
Proposed National Security Directive on U.S.
Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Purpose
To provide policy guidance in response to the Iraqi invasion of
Kuwait, and to direct that specific diplomatic, economic, energy
and military measures be undertaken in support of that policy.
Background
As a result of the August 2, 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, you
have set forth policy guidance on the U.S. response to the crisis
in NSC meetings and public statements, and directed several
diplomatic, economic, energy and military actions be undertaken
in support of that policy. To insure that your policy guidance
is clearly understood and implemented, we have prepared a
proposed National Security Directive (Tab A) for your signature.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the National Security Directive at Tab A.
Attachments
Tab A
National Security Directive
CC: Vice President
DECLASSIFIED
Chief of Staff
White House Guidelines
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B) September 11, 2006
By Dr NARA, Date 09/09/2009
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
SECRET
20963
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
rh
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
revised
proversation. our
August 14, 1990
of
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
SIGNED BRenT : I am having
THROUGH:
RICHARD N. HAASS
copies the are proposed
FROM:
SANDRA CHARLES
NSD couriered to
I'm Baber +
SUBJECT:
National Security Directive on U.S. Policy in Dick
Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
cheney
Attached at Tab I is a memorandum to the President forwarding a
proposed National Security Directive (NSD) on U.S. policy toward
RH
the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The NSD outlines U.S. interests
and objectives, and provides guidance on diplomatic, military and
economic measures that should be undertaken by appropriate USG
Departments. It also will clarify some of the confusion that
exists on implementing the President's decision on a quarantine.
CIA, OSD and CJCS comments have been incorporated in the draft
NSD. All of State's changes were made except their
recommendation that we substitute "interdiction" for
"quarantine", despite their awareness that the President decided
on the quarantine option over the interdiction one.
Concurrences by: Dan DL Levin, Eric Melby, Nancy Menon, and
George Van Eron
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the memo to the President at Tab I.
Attachments
Tab I
Memo to the President
Tab A
National Security Directive
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
2012-0219-MR
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
Es 7/26/13
SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL
AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion
of Kuwait (¢)
U.S. Interests
U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf are vital to the national
security. These interests include access to oil and the security
and stability of key friendly states in the region. The United
States will defend its vital interests in the area, through the
use of U.S. military force, if necessary and appropriate in the
exercise of our inherent right of self-defense, against any power
with interests inimical to our own. The United States also will
support the individual and collective self-defense of friendly
countries in the area to enable them to play a more active role
in their own defense. The United States will encourage the
effective support and participation of our allies and other
friendly states to promote our mutual interests in the Persian
Gulf region. ($)
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
2012-0219-MR
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
E8 7/26/13
SECRET
2
On Thursday, August 2, 1990 the government of Iraq, without
provocation or warning, invaded and occupied the State of Kuwait,
thereby placing these vital U.S. interests at risk. Four
principles will guide U.S. policy during this crisis:
(S)
-- the immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all
Iraqi forces from Kuwait; ($)
-- the restoration of Kuwait's legitimate government to replace
the puppet regime installed by Iraq; (8)
-- a commitment to the security and stability of the Persian
Gulf; and, (S)
-- the protection of the lives of American citizens abroad.
(S)
To meet these principles and to bring the crisis to an immediate,
peaceful, and just end, I hereby direct that the following
diplomatic, economic, energy and military measures be undertaken.
($)
Diplomatic
The United States will continue to support the precepts of UNSC
resolution 660 and 662 condemning Iraq's invasion and subsequent
annexation of Kuwait and calling for the immediate and
unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The
Secretary of State should continue to work bilaterally with our
allies and friends, and in concert with the international
community through the United Nations and other fora, to find a
peaceful solution to end the Iragi occupation of Kuwait and to
restore Kuwait's legitimate government.
(S)
Economic
Consistent with my authority under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act, the National Emergencies Act, the United
Nations Participation Act, and section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, the Executive Orders signed on August 2 and
August 9, 1990 freezing Kuwaiti and Iraqi assets in this country
and prohibiting transactions with Iraq and Kuwait remain in
force. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, should continue to take such actions,
including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes of these Orders.
Furthermore, the United States will continue to support UNSC
Resolution 661 imposing mandatory economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. We
will emphasize individual and collective compliance with these
SECRET
SECRET
3
sanctions, but are prepared, if necessary, to enforce them in the
exercise of our inherent right of individual and collective
self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter.
Energy
The United States now imports nearly half the oil it consumes
and, as a result of the current crisis, could face a major threat
to its economy. Much of the world is even more dependent on
imported oil and more vulnerable to Iraqi threats. To minimize
any impact that oil flow reductions from Iraq and Kuwait will
have on the world's economies, it will be our policy to ask
oil-producing nations to do what they can to increase production
to offset these losses. I also direct the Secretaries of State
and Energy to explore with the member countries of the
International Energy Agency (IEA) a coordinated drawdown of
strategic petroleum reserves, and implementation of complementary
measures. I will continue to ask the American public to exercise
restraint in their own consumption of oil products. The
Secretary of Energy should work with various sectors of the U.S.
economy to encourage energy conservation and fuel switching to
non-oil sources, where appropriate and economic. Finally, I will
continue to appeal to oil companies to show restraint in their
pricing of crude oil and products. The Secretary of Energy, as
appropriate, should work with oil companies in this regard.
(S)
Military
To protect U.S. interests in the Gulf and in response to requests
from the King of Saudi Arabia and the Amir of Kuwait, I have
ordered U.S. military forces deployed to the region for two
purposes: to deter and, if necessary, defend Saudi Arabia and
other friendly states in the Gulf region from further Iraqi
aggression; and to enforce the mandatory Chapter 7 sanctions
under Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC Resolutions 660 and
661. U.S. forces will work together with those of Saudi Arabia
and other Gulf countries to preserve their national integrity and
to deter further Iraqi aggression. Through their presence, as
well as through training and exercises, these multinational
forces will enhance the overall capability of Saudi Arabia and
other regional states to defend themselves.
()
I also approve U.S. participation, in conjunction with the forces
of other friendly governments, in two separate multinational
forces that would provide for the defense of Saudi Arabia and
enforce the UN mandated sanctions. These two groups will be
called the Multinational Force for Saudi Arabia (MNFSA) and the
Multinational Force to enforce sanctions (MNFES) against Iraq and
Kuwait. The United States should coordinate closely with the
Saudis, the Kuwaitis and others on the composition and
organization of these forces.
($)
SECRET
SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL
AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion
of Kuwait (c)
U.S. Interests
U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf are vital to the national
security. These interests include access to oil and the security
and stability of key friendly states in the region. The United
States will defend its vital interests in the area, through the
use of U.S. military force if necessary and appropriate, in the
exercise of our inherent right of self defense, against any power
with interests inimical to our own. The United States also will
support the individual and collective self-defense of friendly
countries in the area to enable them to play a more active role
in their own defense. The United States will encourage the
effective support and participation of our allies and other
friendly states to promote our mutual interests in the Persian
Gulf region.
(S)
the
expressions of supper-
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
SECRET
2012-0219-MR
Declassify on: OADR
Es 7/26/13
SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL
AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion
of Kuwait (C)
U.S. Interests
U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf are vital to the national
security. These interests include access to oil and the security
and stability of key friendly states in the region. The United
States will defend its vital interests in the area, through the
use of U.S. military force9 if necessary and appropriate in the
exercise of our inherent right of self-defense, against any power
with interests inimical to our own. The United States also will
support the individual and collective self-defense of friendly
countries in the area to enable them to play a more active role
in their own defense. The United States will encourage the
effective support and participation of our allies and other
friendly states to promote our mutual interests in the Persian
Gulf region. ($)
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
SECRET
2012-0219-MR
Declassify on: OADR
Es 7/26/13
SECRET
2
On Thursday, August 2, 1990 the government of Iraq, without
provocation or warning, invaded and occupied the State of Kuwait,
thereby placing these vital U.S. interests at risk. Four
principles will guide U.S. policy during this crisis:
($)
-- the immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all
Iraqi forces from Kuwait; ($)
-- the restoration of Kuwait's legitimate government to replace
the puppet regime installed by Iraq;
(8)
--
a commitment to the security and stability of the Persian
Gulf; and, (8)
-- the protection of the lives of American citizens abroad.
(S)
To meet these principles and to bring the crisis to an immediate,
peaceful, and just end, I hereby direct that the following
diplomatic, economic, energy and military measures be undertaken.
(S)
Diplomatic
The United States will continue to support the precepts of UNSC
resolutions 660 and 662 condemning Iraq's invasion and subsequent
annexation of Kuwait, and calling for the immediate and
unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The
Secretary of State should continue to work bilaterally with our
allies and friends, and in concert with the international
community through the United Nations and other fora, to find a
peaceful solution to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and to
restore Kuwait's legitimate government.
(S)
Economic
Consistent with my authority under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act, the National Emergencies Act, the United
Nations Participation Act, and section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, the Executive Orders signed on August 2 and
August 9, 1990, freezing Kuwaiti and Iraqi assets in this country
and prohibiting transactions with Iraq and Kuwait, remain in
force. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, should continue to take such actions,
including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes of these Orders.
Furthermore, the United States will continue to support UNSC
Resolution 661 imposing mandatory economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. We
will emphasize individual and collective compliance with these
SECRET
SECRET
4
The MNF for Saudi Arabia: The MNF for Saudi Arabia is to
deter aggression by Iraq against Saudi Arabia and other
friendly Arab states in the Gulf, to ensure the territorial
integrity and political independence of Saudi Arabia and
other members of the GCC, and to conduct exercises and
training to enhance the proficiency of Saudi forces in the
defense of the Kingdom.
(s)
Adequate legal basis exists under the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions for the implementation of multinational efforts.
I do not believe it is necessary now for the United States
to seek additional UN endorsement for the MNF for Saudi
Arabia. If I subsequently determined that further UN
endorsement is required, we should ensure that any UN-led
effort is acceptable to U.S. military commanders and an
adequate command structure is established and operating
beforehand. ($)
In concert with the other UNSC Permanent members, I
authorize U.S. participation in discussions of the UN
Military Staff Committee on the MNF operation for Saudi
Arabia. If such talks are initiated, they should be of
lower priority than talks concerning the MQF. ($)
Soviet participation in the MNF for Saudi Arabia is
warranted only if the Saudis request it. If so, we should
work with the Saudis to insure that the Soviet mission is
acceptable to us and that Soviet forces are deployed at a
distance from U.S. operations in these countries. Soviet
assistance in providing lift support to others providing
forces inside Saudi Arabia should be encouraged. (8)
--
The MOF: The MQF to enforce economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait is designed to bring about the withdrawal of
Iraqi forces from Kuwait, and to restore Kuwait's
sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
Participating countries would seek to prevent the export of
all commodities and products originating in Iraq or Kuwait,
regardless of port of embarkation or transshipment point,
and prevent the shipment to Iraq or Kuwait, regardless of
declared port of destination or transshipment point, of any
commodities or supplies whose provision to Iraq or Kuwait is
contrary to UNSC Resolutions 660 and 661. These efforts
should complement individual and collective compliance
measures already in force.
($)
In accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions 660 and 661, I hereby direct that a quarantine
on all imports and exports, except medicines and food for
humanitarian purposes (i.e., natural disasters) bound to and
SECRET
SECRET
20963
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
August 14, 1990
"
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
RICHARD N. HAASS
FROM:
SANDRA CHARLES
SUBJECT:
National Security Directive on U.S. Policy in
Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Attached at Tab I is a memorandum to the President forwarding a
proposed National Security Directive (NSD) on U.S. policy toward
the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The NSD outlines U.S. interests
and objectives, and provides guidance on diplomatic, military and
economic measures that should be undertaken by appropriate USG
Departments. It also will clarify some of the confusion that
exists on implementing the President's decision on a quarantine.
CIA, OSD and CJCS comments have been incorporated in the draft
NSD. All of State's changes were made except their
recommendation that we substitute "interdiction" for
"quarantine", despite their awareness that the President decided
on the quarantine option over the interdiction one.
Concurrences by: Dan DL Levin, Eric Melby, Nancy Menion, and
George Van Eron
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the memo to the President at Tab I.
Attachments
Tab I
Memo to the President
Tab A
National Security Directive
DECLASSIFIED
SECRET
PER E.O. 13526
Declassify on: OADR
2012-0210-MR
Es 7/26/13
SECRET
20963
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
SUBJECT:
Proposed National Security Directive on U.S.
Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Purpose
To provide policy guidance to the Vice President and USG Agencies
and Departments in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and
to direct that specific diplomatic, economic, energy and military
measures be undertaken in support of that policy.
Background
As a result of the August 2, 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, you
have set forth policy guidance on the U.S. response to the crisis
in NSC meetings and public statements, and directed several
diplomatic, economic, energy and military actions be undertaken
in support of that policy. To insure that your policy guidance
is clearly understood and implemented, we have prepared a
proposed National Security Directive (Tab A) for your signature.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the National Security Directive at Tab A.
Attachments
Tab A
National Security Directive
CC: Vice President
DECLASSIFIED
Chief of Staff
White House Guidelines
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B) September 11, 2006
By DJ2 NARA, Date 09/09/2009
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL
AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion
of Kuwait (&)
U.S. Interests
U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf are vital to the national
security. These interests include access to oil and the security
and stability of key friendly states in the region. The United
States will defend its vital interests in the area, through the
use of U.S. military force, if necessary and appropriate in the
exercise of our inherent right of self-defense, against any power
with interests inimical to our own. The United States also will
support the individual and collective self-defense of friendly
countries in the area to enable them to play a more active role
in their own defense. The United States will encourage the
effective support and participation of our allies and other
friendly states to promote our mutual interests in the Persian
Gulf region. (&)
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
2012-0219-MR
Es 7/26/13
SECRET
2
On Thursday, August 2, 1990 the government of Iraq, without
provocation or warning, invaded and occupied the State of Kuwait,
thereby placing these vital U.S. interests at risk. Four
principles will guide U.S. policy during this crisis:
()
the immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all
Iraqi forces from Kuwait;
($)
the restoration of Kuwait's legitimate government to replace
the puppet regime installed by Iraq;
()
a commitment to the security and stability of the Persian
Gulf; and, ($)
the protection of the lives of American citizens abroad.
($)
To meet these principles and to bring the crisis to an immediate,
peaceful, and just end, I hereby direct that the following
diplomatic, economic, energy and military measures be undertaken.
($)
Diplomatic
The United States will continue to support the precepts of UNSC
resolution 660 and 662 condemning Iraq's invasion and subsequent
annexation of Kuwait and calling for the immediate and
unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The
Secretary of State should continue to work bilaterally with our
allies and friends, and in concert with the international
community through the United Nations and other fora, to find a
peaceful solution to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and to
restore Kuwait's legitimate government.
Economic
Consistent with my authority under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act, the National Emergencies Act, the United
Nations Participation Act, and section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, the Executive Orders signed on August 2 and
August 9, 1990 freezing Kuwaiti and Iraqi assets in this country
and prohibiting transactions with Iraq and Kuwait remain in
force. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, should continue to take such actions,
including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes of these Orders.
Furthermore, the United States will continue to support UNSC
Resolution 661 imposing mandatory economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. We
will emphasize individual and collective compliance with these
SECRET
SECRET
3
sanctions, but are prepared, if necessary, to enforce them in the
exercise of our inherent right of individual and collective
self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter.
($)
Energy
The United States now imports nearly half the oil it consumes
and, as a result of the current crisis, could face a major threat
to its economy. Much of the world is even more dependent on
imported oil and more vulnerable to Iraqi threats. To minimize
any impact that oil flow reductions from Iraq and Kuwait will
have on the world's economies, it will be our policy to ask
oil-producing nations to do what they can to increase production
to offset these losses. I also direct the Secretaries of State
and Energy to explore with the member countries of the
International Energy Agency (IEA) a coordinated drawdown of
strategic petroleum reserves, and implementation of complementary
measures. I will continue to ask the American public to exercise
restraint in their own consumption of oil products. The
Secretary of Energy should work with various sectors of the U.S.
economy to encourage energy conservation and fuel switching to
non-oil sources, where appropriate and economic. Finally, I will
continue to appeal to oil companies to show restraint in their
pricing of crude oil and products. The Secretary of Energy, as
appropriate, should work with oil companies in this regard.
($)
Military
To protect U.S. interests in the Gulf and in response to requests
from the King of Saudi Arabia and the Amir of Kuwait, I have
ordered U.S. military forces deployed to the region for two
purposes: to deter and, if necessary, defend Saudi Arabia and
other friendly states in the Gulf region from further Iraqi
aggression; and to enforce the mandatory Chapter 7 sanctions
under Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC Resolutions 660 and
661. U.S. forces will work together with those of Saudi Arabia
and other Gulf countries to preserve their national integrity and
to deter further Iraqi aggression. Through their presence, as
well as through training and exercises, these multinational
forces will enhance the overall capability of Saudi Arabia and
other regional states to defend themselves.
I also approve U.S. participation, in conjunction with the forces
of other friendly governments, in two separate multinational
forces that would provide for the defense of Saudi Arabia and
enforce the UN mandated sanctions. These two groups will be
called the Multinational Force (MNF) for Saudi Arabia and the
Multinational Quarantine Force (MQF) to enforce sanctions against
Iraq and Kuwait. The United States should coordinate closely
with the Saudis, the Kuwaitis and others on the composition and
organization of these forces.
($)
SECRET
SECRET
4
The MNF for Saudi Arabia: The MNF for Saudi Arabia is to
deter aggression by Iraq against Saudi Arabia and other
friendly Arab states in the Gulf, to ensure the territorial
integrity and political independence of Saudi Arabia and
other members of the GCC, and to conduct exercises and
training to enhance the proficiency of Saudi forces in the
defense of the Kingdom.
Adequate legal basis exists under the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions for the implementation of multinational efforts.
I do not believe it is necessary now for the United States
to seek additional UN endorsement for the MNF for Saudi
Arabia. If I subsequently determined that further UN
endorsement is required, we should ensure that any UN-led
effort is acceptable to U.S. military commanders and an
adequate command structure is established and operating
beforehand. ($)
In concert with the other UNSC Permanent members, I
authorize U.S. participation in discussions of the UN
Military Staff Committee on the MNF operation for Saudi
Arabia. If such talks are initiated, they should be of
lower priority than talks concerning the MQF.
(S)
Soviet participation in the MNF for Saudi Arabia is
warranted only if the Saudis request it. If so, we should
work with the Saudis to insure that the Soviet mission is
acceptable to us and that Soviet forces are deployed at a
distance from U.S. operations in these countries. Soviet
assistance in providing lift support to others providing
forces inside Saudi Arabia should be encouraged. (S)
The MOF: The MQF to enforce economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait is designed to bring about the withdrawal of
Iraqi forces from Kuwait, and to restore Kuwait's
sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
Participating countries would seek to prevent the export of
all commodities and products originating in Iraq or Kuwait,
regardless of port of embarkation or transshipment point,
and prevent the shipment to Iraq or Kuwait, regardless of
declared port of destination or transshipment point, of any
commodities or supplies whose provision to Iraq or Kuwait is
contrary to UNSC Resolutions 660 and 661. These efforts
should complement individual and collective compliance
measures already in force.
(s)
In accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions 660 and 661, I hereby direct that a quarantine
on all imports and exports, except medicines and food for
humanitarian purposes (i.e., natural disasters) bound to and
SECRET
SECRET
5
from Iraq and Kuwait be implemented immediately. I direct the
Secretary of Defense to immediately organize and coordinate a
multinational force as requested by the Government of Kuwait.
U.S. forces, in coordination with other cooperating national
forces, should take necessary action to implement the quarantine
on a case-by-case basis until sufficient U.S. and other forces
are available for more comprehensive enforcement. I also approve
the submission to Congress of a separate letter informing it of
the character and basis for our quarantine operations in keeping
with my commitment to congressional consultations on matters of
national importance. The GCC states and potential contributors
to the MQF should be notified of the implementation of the
quarantine following receipt of the Kuwaiti request. I also
agree to Soviet participation in the MQF.
(s)
Since the UN Charter provides the legal basis for the conduct of
this operation, I do not believe it is necessary now to obtain
additional UN endorsement for the MQF. Subject to the consent of
the UNSC Permanent members, I agree to allow U.S. participation
in discussions of the MQF operation for enforcing sanctions
against Iraq and Kuwait by the UN Military Staff Committee.
(s)
SECRET
SECRET
20963
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
August 14, 1990
"
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
RICHARD N. HAASS
FROM:
SANDRA CHARLES
SUBJECT:
National Security Directive on U.S. Policy in
Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Attached at Tab I is a memorandum to the President forwarding a
proposed National Security Directive (NSD) on U.S. policy toward
the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The NSD outlines U.S. interests
and objectives, and provides guidance on diplomatic, military and
economic measures that should be undertaken by appropriate USG
Departments. It also will clarify some of the confusion that
exists on implementing the President's decision on a quarantine.
CIA, OSD and CJCS comments have been incorporated in the draft
NSD. All of State's changes were made except their
recommendation that we substitute "interdiction" for
"quarantine", despite their awareness that the President decided
on the quarantine option over the interdiction one.
Concurrences by: Dan DL Levin, Eric Melby, Nancy Menon, and
George Van Eron
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the memo to the President at Tab I.
Attachments
Tab I
Memo to the President
Tab A
National Security Directive
DECLASSIFIED
SECRET
PER E.O. 13526
Declassify on: OADR
2012-0219-MR
Es Ef 7/26/13
SECRET
20963
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
SUBJECT:
Proposed National Security Directive on U.S.
Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Purpose
To provide policy guidance to the Vice President and USG Agencies
and Departments in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and
to direct that specific diplomatic, economic, energy and military
measures be undertaken in support of that policy.
Background
As a result of the August 2, 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, you
have set forth policy guidance on the U.S. response to the crisis
in NSC meetings and public statements, and directed several
diplomatic, economic, energy and military actions be undertaken
in support of that policy. To insure that your policy guidance
is clearly understood and implemented, we have prepared a
proposed National Security Directive (Tab A) for your signature.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the National Security Directive at Tab A.
Attachments
Tab A
National Security Directive
DECLASSIFIED
CC: Vice President
White House Guidelines
Chief of Staff
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B) September 11, 2006
By DJ2 NARA, Date 09/09/2009
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL
AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
SUBJECT:
U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion
of Kuwait (&)
U.S. Interests
U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf are vital to the national
security. These interests include access to oil and the security
and stability of key friendly states in the region. The United
States will defend its vital interests in the area, through the
use of U.S. military force, if necessary and appropriate in the
exercise of our inherent right of self-defense, against any power
with interests inimical to our own. The United States also will
support the individual and collective self-defense of friendly
countries in the area to enable them to play a more active role
in their own defense. The United States will encourage the
effective support and participation of our allies and other
friendly states to promote our mutual interests in the Persian
Gulf region. ($)
DECLASSIFIED
SECRET
PER E.O. 13526
Declassify on: OADR
2012-0219-MR
Es 7/26/13
SECRET
2
On Thursday, August 2, 1990 the government of Iraq, without
provocation or warning, invaded and occupied the State of Kuwait,
thereby placing these vital U.S. interests at risk. Four
principles will guide U.S. policy during this crisis:
the immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all
Iraqi forces from Kuwait;
(8)
the restoration of Kuwait's legitimate government to replace
the puppet regime installed by Iraq;
(S)
a commitment to the security and stability of the Persian
Gulf; and,
the protection of the lives of American citizens abroad.
($)
To meet these principles and to bring the crisis to an immediate,
peaceful, and just end, I hereby direct that the following
diplomatic, economic, energy and military measures be undertaken.
($)
Diplomatic
The United States will continue to support the precepts of UNSC
resolution 660 and 662 condemning Iraq's invasion and subsequent
annexation of Kuwait and calling for the immediate and
unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The
Secretary of State should continue to work bilaterally with our
allies and friends, and in concert with the international
community through the United Nations and other fora, to find a
peaceful solution to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and to
restore Kuwait's legitimate government.
Economic
Consistent with my authority under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act, the National Emergencies Act, the United
Nations Participation Act, and section 301 of title 3 of the
United States Code, the Executive Orders signed on August 2 and
August 9, 1990 freezing Kuwaiti and Iraqi assets in this country
and prohibiting transactions with Iraq and Kuwait remain in
force. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, should continue to take such actions,
including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes of these Orders.
Furthermore, the United States will continue to support UNSC
Resolution 661 imposing mandatory economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. We
will emphasize individual and collective compliance with these
SECRET
SECRET
3
sanctions, but are prepared, if necessary, to enforce them in the
exercise of our inherent right of individual and collective
self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter.
(S)
Energy
The United States now imports nearly half the oil it consumes
and, as a result of the current crisis, could face a major threat
to its economy. Much of the world is even more dependent on
imported oil and more vulnerable to Iraqi threats. To minimize
any impact that oil flow reductions from Iraq and Kuwait will
have on the world's economies, it will be our policy to ask
oil-producing nations to do what they can to increase production
to offset these losses. I also direct the Secretaries of State
and Energy to explore with the member countries of the
International Energy Agency (IEA) a coordinated drawdown of
strategic petroleum reserves, and implementation of complementary
measures. I will continue to ask the American public to exercise
restraint in their own consumption of oil products. The
Secretary of Energy should work with various sectors of the U.S.
economy to encourage energy conservation and fuel switching to
non-oil sources, where appropriate and economic. Finally, I will
continue to appeal to oil companies to show restraint in their
pricing of crude oil and products. The Secretary of Energy, as
appropriate, should work with oil companies in this regard.
Military
To protect U.S. interests in the Gulf and in response to requests
from the King of Saudi Arabia and the Amir of Kuwait, I have
ordered U.S. military forces deployed to the region for two
purposes: to deter and, if necessary, defend Saudi Arabia and
other friendly states in the Gulf region from further Iraqi
aggression; and to enforce the mandatory Chapter 7 sanctions
under Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC Resolutions 660 and
661. U.S. forces will work together with those of Saudi Arabia
and other Gulf countries to preserve their national integrity and
to deter further Iraqi aggression. Through their presence, as
well as through training and exercises, these multinational
forces will enhance the overall capability of Saudi Arabia and
other regional states to defend themselves.
(S)
I also approve U.S. participation, in conjunction with the forces
of other friendly governments, in two separate multinational
forces that would provide for the defense of Saudi Arabia and
enforce the UN mandated sanctions. These two groups will be
called the Multinational Force (MNF) for Saudi Arabia and the
Multinational Quarantine Force (MQF) to enforce sanctions against
Iraq and Kuwait. The United States should coordinate closely
with the Saudis, the Kuwaitis and others on the composition and
organization of these forces.
(S)
SECRET
SECRET
4
The MNF for Saudi Arabia: The MNF for Saudi Arabia is to
deter aggression by Iraq against Saudi Arabia and other
friendly Arab states in the Gulf, to ensure the territorial
integrity and political independence of Saudi Arabia and
other members of the GCC, and to conduct exercises and
training to enhance the proficiency of Saudi forces in the
defense of the Kingdom. ($)
Adequate legal basis exists under the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions for the implementation of multinational efforts.
I do not believe it is necessary now for the United States
to seek additional UN endorsement for the MNF for Saudi
Arabia. If I subsequently determined that further UN
endorsement is required, we should ensure that any UN-led
effort is acceptable to U.S. military commanders and an
adequate command structure is established and operating
beforehand.
($)
In concert with the other UNSC Permanent members, I
authorize U.S. participation in discussions of the UN
Military Staff Committee on the MNF operation for Saudi
Arabia. If such talks are initiated, they should be of
lower priority than talks concerning the MQF.
(8)
Soviet participation in the MNF for Saudi Arabia is
warranted only if the Saudis request it. If so, we should
work with the Saudis to insure that the Soviet mission is
acceptable to us and that Soviet forces are deployed at a
distance from U.S. operations in these countries. Soviet
assistance in providing lift support to others providing
forces inside Saudi Arabia should be encouraged.
($)
The MOF: The MQF to enforce economic sanctions against Iraq
and Kuwait is designed to bring about the withdrawal of
Iraqi forces from Kuwait, and to restore Kuwait's
sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
Participating countries would seek to prevent the export of
all commodities and products originating in Iraq or Kuwait,
regardless of port of embarkation or transshipment point,
and prevent the shipment to Iraq or Kuwait, regardless of
declared port of destination or transshipment point, of any
commodities or supplies whose provision to Iraq or Kuwait is
contrary to UNSC Resolutions 660 and 661. These efforts
should complement individual and collective compliance
measures already in force.
In accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter and UNSC
resolutions 660 and 661, I hereby direct that a quarantine
on all imports and exports, except medicines and food for
humanitarian purposes (i.e., natural disasters) bound to and
SECRET
SECRET
5
from Iraq and Kuwait be implemented immediately. I direct the
Secretary of Defense to immediately organize and coordinate a
multinational force as requested by the Government of Kuwait.
U.S. forces, in coordination with other cooperating national
forces, should take necessary action to implement the quarantine
on a case-by-case basis until sufficient U.S. and other forces
are available for more comprehensive enforcement. I also approve
the submission to Congress of a separate letter informing it of
the character and basis for our quarantine operations in keeping
with my commitment to congressional consultations on matters of
national importance. The GCC states and potential contributors
to the MQF should be notified of the implementation of the
quarantine following receipt of the Kuwaiti request. I also
agree to Soviet participation in the MQF.
($)
Since the UN Charter provides the legal basis for the conduct of
this operation, I do not believe it is necessary now to obtain
additional UN endorsement for the MQF. Subject to the consent of
the UNSC Permanent members, I agree to allow U.S. participation
in discussions of the MQF operation for enforcing sanctions
against Iraq and Kuwait by the UN Military Staff Committee.
(S)
SECRET