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470766597
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Guatemala - January 20, 1989-December 31, 1989
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470766597
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document
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Guatemala - January 20, 1989-December 31, 1989
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CF00196-011
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Records of the National Security Council (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Latin American Affairs Directorate Subject Files
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470766597
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31
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1989-12-31
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1989
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20
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1989-01-20
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1989
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
99-0466-F
99-0466-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
National Security Council
Series:
Latin American Affairs Directorate Files
Subseries:
Subject Files 1989
OA/ID Number:
CF00196
Folder ID Number:
CF00196-011
Folder Title:
Guatemala- January - December 1989
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
V
8
5
7
7
UNCLASSIFIED
RECORD ID: 8910354
NSC/S PROFILE
RECEIVED: 26
TO: PRESIDENT
- Guatemale
FROM: STROOCK, TIMOTHY
DOC DATE: 14 DEC 89
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: GUADELOUPE
ECONOMICS -
FMS
PERSONS:
SUBJECT: US AMB TO GUATEMALA WRITES ABOUT HIS CONCERNS FOR DEMOCRACY IN
GUATEMALA AND THE NEED FOR CONTINUED US MILITARY AND ECONOMIC ASST
ACTION: FOR RECORD PURPOSES
DUE DATE: 29 DEC 89
STATUS: C
STAFF OFFICER: NONE
LOGREF:
FILES: WH
NSCP:
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
Pryce
Pacelli
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY
DATE
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSGVE
CLOSED BY: NSGVE
DOC 1 OF 1
UNCLASSIFIED
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 19, 1989
1999 DEC 19 PM 5: 53
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THRU:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
FROM:
DAVID Q. BATES NrB
The attached letter from Ambassador Stroock is for your
information.
Attachment
Embassy of the United States of America
Guatemala, December 14, 1989
The Honorable George Bush
President of the United States of America
The White House
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
When we had our brief visit two months ago and you wished
me well on my way to Guatemala, you asked me to stay in
touch. With your permission, it is my plan to write you a
couple of times each year with the hope that my views on
the situations that confront us in Central America may be
helpful.
This is a beautiful, mountainous country with fertile
soil, many natural resources and an ideal climate. The
people are friendly, smart and hard-working. By and
large, they like Americans and America. If there could be
far-sighted leadership and support from the leading
elements in the society, this country has a bright future.
Unfortunately, this is not the case. Most institutions,
including the Government, are corrupt. Violence is
endemic in the society. There is little idea of "public
service" in any area. Half the population are Indians--
direct descendents of the Mayans--who have little use for
Western ways, culture, politics or economy. There is
extreme poverty; about 75% of the people barely subsist on
very small farms or very low wages and two million people
are illiterate. The large landowners and businessmen who
largely control things really don't trust democracy. The
leftist guerrillas in the hills feel the same way. Both
want to run the country with their particular kind of
dictatorship. The President is charismatic but corrupt,
and the 45,000-man Army is the major force here.
Since 1985 a fragile, legitimately elected administration
has taken some important steps down the democratic road,
but they have a long, long way to go. So far, they have
the support of the Army, but it may not be taken for
granted. Elections are to be held in November 1990 and we
are already well into a typical Latin political campaign.
The process of democracy here, with very shallow roots,
very well may not continue without our strong support.
Against this background we are facing alarming cutbacks in
-2-
our economic stabilization and military assistance
programs. If these substantial reductions occur it would
place at risk much of what has been achieved here: I hope
our cabled and written concerns are thoroughly considered
before final decisions on these vital funds are made.
Proper funding has enabled us to help the Guatemalan
military focus on the tasks appropriate to it: support
for constituional order, professional development and
democracy. We are now placing growing demands on the Army
for logistical support in our anti-drug effort; they are
responding very well, even though it means further
stretching their already meager resources.
Our economic support funds have promoted several major
economic reforms that are most important to the well-being
of this society; they could well be the model for the rest
of the region. These include "floating" the exchange
rate, selling debt into the private market and raising
interest rates to repatriate capital. Unfortunately,
these necessary steps have meant increased inflation and
more suffering for the desperately poor. Lack of
continued economic assistance could be seen by many here
to indicate withdrawal of support.
I have discussed this letter with Bernie Aronson and sent
a copy to Jim Baker. This mission, which is staffed with
an outstanding group of public servants, will carry out
your wishes and the State Department's instructions to the
very limit of our abilities. Our goals are to interdict
the growing drug traffic, reduce the violent assaults on
human rights and support democratic institutions through a
peaceful change of government by means of open, fair and
clean elections.
Marta joins me in sending you, Barbara and all your great
family our warmest wishes for a most Merry Christmas and a
happy, healthy and successful new Year.
Your friend,
The Whonk
CC: Secretary of State Jim Baker
Assistant Secretary of State Bernard Aronson
UNCLASSIFIED
RECORD ID: 8909672
NSC/S PROFILE
TO: PRESIDENT
RECEIVED: >bat 30 NOV 89 15
FROM: CEREZO, VINICIO
DOC DATE: 06 NOV 89
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: GUATEMALA
HS
PERSONS:
SUBJECT: LTR TO PRES FM PRES CEREZO OF GUATEMALA
ACTION: FOR TRANSLATION/DRAFT REPLY
DUE DATE: 04 DEC 89
STATUS: D
STAFF OFFICER: STATE
LOGREF:
FILES: WH
NSCIF:
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
STATE
CLARK
PACELLI
PILLING
PRYCE
WORKING
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY
DATE
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSJWD
CLOSED BY:
DOC 1 OF 1
UNCLASSIFIED
USL
9672
PRESIDENCIA DE L.A REPUBLICA
TUATEMALA
TEREZO
AREMALC
Guatemala, 5 de Noviembre de 1989.
Excelentísimo Presidente Bush:
Comparto con usted la convicción de que la mayoria de
los panameños desean un regimen democrático en su
País. Es verdaderamente lamentable que personas en
ejercicio circunstancial del poder no comprendan
que mantenerlo ilegítimamente solo provoca daños,
dolores y sufrimiento al pueblo al cual pertenece.
Puede usted estar seguro que en lo personal y en
respuesta del pueblo de Guatemala, de común acuerdo
con las Naciones Democráticas del hemisferio
seguiremos haciendo todo aquello que sea necesario
para respaidar al pueblo panameño en la consecución
del sistema democrático al que aspiran.
Al manifestar mi reconocimiento por la prudencia con
que ha actuado su persona en los últimos
acontecimientos me permito enviarle un saludo
respetuoso.
Atentamente,
is
DEPARTMENT
Micenci de Marco Bortein Check Arébais
United Constitutions has in Republics
e
Excelentísimo
Señor George Bush
Presidente de los Estados
Unidos de América
PRESENTE.
ID# 093920
THE WHITE HOUSE
CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING WORKSHEET
INCOMING
DATE RECEIVED: NOVEMBER 30, 1989
NAME OF CORRESPONDENT: HIS EXCELLENCY VINICIO CEREZO AREVALO
SUBJECT: JOINS WITH THE PRESIDENT IN THE CONVICTION
THAT THE MAJORITY OF PANAMANIANS DESIRE A
DEMOCRATIC REGIME IN THEIR COUNTRY AND
SUPPORTS THE ADMINISTRATION'S POLICY
ACTION
DISPOSITION
ROUTE TO:
ACT
DATE
TYPE C COMPLETED
OFFICE/AGENCY
(STAFF NAME)
CODE YY/MM/DD
RESP
D YY/MM/DD
BRENT SCOWCROFT
ORG 89/11/30
/ /
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
/ /
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
7 /
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
/ /
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
/ /
REFERRAL NOTE:
COMMENTS: TEXT IN SPANISH
ORGINAL TO GEORGE VAN ERON
ADDITIONAL CORRESPONDENTS:
MEDIA:L INDIVIDUAL CODES:
MI MAIL
USER CODES: (A)
(B)
(C)
*ACTION CODES:
*DISPOSITION
*OUTGOING
*
*
*
*CORRESPONDENCE:
*
*A-APPROPRIATE ACTION
*A-ANSWERED
*TYPE RESP=INITIALS
*
*C-COMMENT/RECOM
*B-NON-SPEC-REFERRAL
*
OF SIGNER
*
*D-DRAFT RESPONSE
*C-COMPLETED
*
CODE = A
*
*F-FURNISH FACT SHEET
*S-SUSPENDED
*COMPLETED = DATE OF
*
*I-INFO COPY/NO ACT NEC*
*
OUTGOING
*
*R-DIRECT REPLY W/COPY *
*
*
*S-FOR-SIGNATURE
*
*
*
*X-INTERIM REPLY
*
*
*
REFER QUESTIONS AND ROUTING UPDATES TO CENTRAL REFERENCE
(ROOM 75,OEOB) EXT-2590
KEEP THIS WORKSHEET ATTACHED TO THE ORIGINAL INCOMING
LETTER AT ALL TIMES AND SEND COMPLETED RECORD TO RECORDS
MANAGEMENT.
ROUTINE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
Constrite
PAGE 01 OF 02
PRT: BOOK VANERON
SIT: PRES_MSGS VAX
PREC ROUTINE
CLAS UNCLASSIFIED DTG 250002Z OCT 89
FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5597
RUEADWW/WHITEHOUSE WASHDC
UNCLAS GUATEMALA 12723
STATE FOR ARA
E.0. 12356 N/A
TAGS: PREL. GT. US
SUBJECT: MESSAGE FROM PRESIDENT CEREZO TO PRESIDENT BUSH
RE SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE
ON OCTOBER 24 EMBASSY RECEIVED FOLLOWING MESSAGE FROM
PRESIDENT CEREZO TO PRESIDENT BUSH (INFORMAL
TRANSLATION: ORIGINAL POUCHED TO ARA/CEN):
OCTOBER 19. 1989
HIS EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT:
IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE AND GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA. I
EXPRESS TO YOU THE SORROW WE FEEL AS A CONSEQUENCE OF
THE EARTHQUAKE THAT DEVASTATED THE CITY OF SAN
FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA. TUESDAY THE 17TH. LEAVING BEHIND
A LAMENTABLE TOTAL OF DEATHS AND CAUSING SERIOUS DAMAGE
TO THE AREA.
IN THIS HOUR OF TRIAL FOR CALIFORNIA AND THE PEOPLE OF
THE UNITED STATES. WE WISH TO EXPRESS SOLIDARITY WITH
OUR BROTHERS IN SAN FRANCISCO AND THE CERTAINTY THAT GOD
WILL GUIDE THEM AS THEY REBUILD THEIR COMMUNITY AND BIND
UP THE WOUNDS THAT THE CASTROPHE HAS INFLICTED UPON THAT
BELOVED AMERICAN STATE.
AS A MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. MR.
PRESIDENT GUATEMALA. WHICH ALSO SUFFERED THE EFFECTS OF
A SIMILAR TRAGEDY IN 1976 AT WHICH TIME WE RECEIVED THE
UNCLASSIFIED
-
ROUTINE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02
GENEROUS SUPPORT OF YOUR COUNTRY. SHARES THE PAIN OF
YOUR PEOPLE CAUSED BY THE EARTHQUAKE.
RESPECTFULLY. SIGNED MARCO VINICIO CEREZO AREVALO.
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GUATEMALA
STROOCK
BT
=2723
UNCLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIAL
RECORD
ID: 8908337 Guatamale
a
NSC/S PROFILE
RECEIVED: 17 OCT 89 16
TO: SCOWCROFT
FROM: CEREZO, VINICIO
DOC DATE: 16 OCT 89
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: GUATEMALA
HS
PERSONS: CEREZO, VINICIO
SUBJECT: APPRECIATION FOR PRES MSG RE ANNIV OF INDEPENDENCE OF CENTRAL AMER
ACTION: FOR RECOM / TRANSLATION
DUE DATE: 20 OCT 89
STATUS: D
STAFF OFFICER: STATE
LOGREF:
FILES: WH
NSCIF:
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
STATE
MERCHANT
PACELLI
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
ATTACHMENTS
JGP, 12/15/99
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY
DATE
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSWEA
CLOSED BY:
DOC 1 OF 1
CONF IDENTIAL
ID# 081727
THE WHITE HOUSE
8337
CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING WORKSHEET
INCOMING
DATE RECEIVED: OCTOBER 16, 1989
NAME OF CORRESPONDENT: HIS EXCELLENCY VINICIO CEREZO AREVALO
SUBJECT: APPRECIATION FOR MESSAGE RECEIVED ON THE
ANNIVERSARY OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF CENTRAL
AMERICA
ACTION
DISPOSITION
ROUTE TO:
ACT
DATE
TYPE C COMPLETED
OFFICE/AGENCY
(STAFF NAME)
CODE YY/MM/DD RESP D YY/MM/DD
BRENT SCOWCROFT
ORG 89/10/16
/ /
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
/
/
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
7 /
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
/
/
REFERRAL NOTE:
/ /
/
/
REFERRAL NOTE:
COMMENTS: ORIGINAL TO GEORGE VAN ERON
(IN SPANISH)
ADDITIONAL CORRESPONDENTS:
MEDIA:T INDIVIDUAL CODES:
MI MAIL
USER CODES: (A)
(B)
(C)
*ACTION CODES:
*DISPOSITION
*OUTGOING
*
*
*
*CORRESPONDENCE:
*
*A-APPROPRIATE ACTION
*A-ANSWERED
*TYPE RESP=INITIALS
*
*C-COMMENT/RECOM
*B-NON-SPEC-REFERRAL
*
OF SIGNER
*
*D-DRAFT RESPONSE
*C-COMPLETED
*
CODE = A
*
*F-FURNISH FACT SHEET
*S-SUSPENDED
*COMPLETED = DATE OF
*
*I-INFO COPY/NO ACT NEC*
*
OUTGOING
*
*R-DIRECT REPLY W/COPY *
*
*
*S-FOR-SIGNATURE
*
*
*
*X-INTERIM REPLY
*
*
*
REFER QUESTIONS AND ROUTING UPDATES TO CENTRAL REFERENCE
(ROOM 75,OEOB) EXT-2590
KEEP THIS WORKSHEET ATTACHED TO THE ORIGINAL INCOMING
LETTER AT ALL TIMES AND SEND COMPLETED RECORD TO RECORDS
MANAGEMENT.
8
- -/
nsc
8337
ORM822
RX-LN1
ZCZC ORM822 DFP075 284910310666
UTNX CO GUGU 079
GUATEMALA 079/069 11 2026 VIA TRT
EXCELENTISINO BRNOR
GEORGE BUSH PRESIDENTE
THE WHITE HOUSE
1600 PENN. AVE NW
WASHINGTON DC 20500
01157 HONRAME EXPRESAR A VLESTRA EXCELENCIA EN NOMBRE DEL
PUEBLO Y GOBIERNO DE GUATEMALA Y MIC PROPIO AGRADECIMIENTO
SINCERO POR EL CONCEPTUOSO Y FINO MENSAJE DE FELICITACION
QUE SE SIRVIO ENVIAR CON MOTIVO DEL ANIVERSARIO DE LA
INDEPENDENCIA DE CENTROAMERICA EXPRESANDOLE MI MAS ALTA
Y DISTINGUIDA CONSIDERACION/VINICIO CEREZO AREVALD
PRESIDENTE DE LA REPUBLICA DE GUATEMALA
Guatenelit City, Guatemsia
COL 01157
NNNN
TO SEND A REPLY TO THIS ABLEGRAM CALL
PARA ENVIAR UNA RESPUESTA A ESTE CABLE LLAME
TRT TELEGOMENINICATIONS
MIAMI - 223-3333
WATS - 1-800-654-7171
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
ID 8908337
REFERRAL
DATE: 17 OCT 89
MEMORANDUM FOR: ROY, J
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION:
TO: SCOWCROFT
SOURCE: CEREZO, VINICIO
DATE: 16 OCT 89
SUBJ: APPRECIATION FOR PRES MSG RE ANNIV OF INDEPENDENCE OF CENTRAL AMER
REQUIRED ACTION: RECOM / TRANSLATION
DUEDATE: 20 OCT 89
COMMENT:
Waltn E . Airs
FOR
GEORGE VAN ERON
DIRECTOR NSC SECRETARIAT
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
LOG 8908337
DISTRIBUTION RECORD
DATE 16 OCT 89
SUBJECT: APPRECIATION FOR PRES MSG RE ANNIV OF INDEPENDENCE OF CENTRAL AMER
DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION: CONFIDENTIAL
EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION:
DATE
TIME
SIGNATURE
ROY, J
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
ROOM 7224, MAIN STATE
COPY: 1
2201 C STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20590
DATE, TIME, SIGN THE RECEIPT AND RETURN TO: NSC SECRETARIAT, ROOM 379 OEOB
PAGE 01 OF 01 PAGES
10-13-89
October 13, 1989
MEMORANDUM
file
TO:
NSC: David Pacelli
FROM:
STATE - ARA/CEN: Deborah McCarth
TALKING POINTS FOR PHOTO OPPORTUNITY FOR AMBASSADOR STROOCK WITH
PRESIDENT BUSH.
O
I have known Tom since we were at Yale together. In fact, we
were on the same baseball team. Even then, Tom demonstrated the
qualities of leadership and determination which made him a much
admired Senator and leader in his state as well as a successful
businessman. These same qualities will serve him in good stead as
my personal representative in Guatemala.
O
Our relations with Guatemala are excellent. I expect Tom to
continue to work to strengthen the roots of democracy in Guatemala
as it faces a critical moment in its history; the transition of
power from one civilian government to another.
O
Barbara and I wish both Tom and Marta the best in this new
exciting endeavour. We are conscious of the heavy responsib
entrusted in both of you and have every confidence that you will
bodly and wisely face the challenges presented.
Cleared: ARA/CEN: PRomero
Photocopy-Preservation
File:
CONFIDENTIAL
RECORD ID: 8907675
NSC/S PROFILE
RECEIVED: 27 SEP 89 17
butemba
TO: SCOWCROFT
FROM: PACELLI
DOC DATE: 27 SEP 89
BRIGGS
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: GUATEMALA
ANSA
PERSONS: STROOCK, THOMAS
SUBJECT: MTG W/ US AMB DESIGNATE TO GUATEMALA STROOCK ON 28 SEP
ACTION: NOTED BY SCOWCROFT
DUE DATE: 30 SEP 89
STATUS: C
STAFF OFFICER: PACELLI
LOGREF:
FILES: WH
NSCIF:
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
BRIGGS
PACELLI
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
ATTACHMENTS
JEP, 12/15/99
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY JRP
DATE 9/28
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSJRP
CLOSED BY: NSBTM
DOC 1 OF 1
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
RECORD ID: 8907675
ACTION DATA SUMMARY REPORT
DOC ACTION OFFICER
CAO ASSIGNED ACTION REQUIRED
001 SCOWCROFT
Z 89092720 FOR INFORMATION
001
X 89092819 NOTED BY SCOWCROFT
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
7675
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
September 27, 1989
Nati Sec Advisor
has seen
INFORMATION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
DAS
THROUGH:
EVERETT ELLIS BRIGGS
for
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI DAY
SUBJECT:
Your Meeting with U.S. Ambassador-Designate to
Guatemala, Thomas Stroock
Tom Stroock is scheduled to see you at 3:30 p.m. on Thursday,
September 28 to discuss his new assignment. Since his-nomination
was announced in June, he has been diligent in making the rounds
to key officials in the government. He requested a meeting with
the President in mid-June, which was turned down.
Stroock is a friend of the President and an old Yalie. (You will
recall that the Yale connection came in handy when he contacted
Lud Ashley in June concerning the Blake family's inquiry over its
son, missing for some years.) He was a State Senator in Wyoming
when he was nominated and has strong ties to Secretary Cheney.
Stroock raised two concerns when he visited Ted and me last week.
First, he wanted to keep Washington's attention on the rising
violence and human rights violations in Guatemala. We told him
that we were aware of the recent incidents, reflecting variously
campaign violence, guerrilla activity, and rightwing acts to
provoke a coup. Second, he wanted to ensure that he did not have
a problem with Congressional visitors who insisted on excluding
the Embassy from meetings with Guatemalan officials. Ted agreed
with him, suggesting that he ought to raise this issue with the
Secretary and the Assistant Secretary.
On Tuesday, Stroock met with President Cerezo in New York--a
brainstorm of the Guatemalan Ambassador to the United States.
Cerezo raised the textile issue with him. (Guatemala has done SO
well in raising its production that we have slapped quotas on
certain products.) Stroock begged off, saying he was there to
clink glasses, not to discuss substance.
Issues you might want to raise with him include the following:
-- an inquiry about his Congressional hearing earlier this
week;
DECLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIAL
PER NSC WAIVER, August 6, 2010
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
ByMM NARA, Date8/23/2016 Date
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
2
--
the challenge posed by his need to keep the human
rights issue constantly before the Guatemalan military
and the private sector, without sounding like a broken
record;
--
the need to impress upon the Guatemalan Government that
they can best help themselves on human rights by an
effective public relations campaign in the United
States; and
--
that we should not neglect to keep the heat on for
public statements supporting democracy in Nicaragua,
recognizing that privately Cerezo always tells us what
we want to hear.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
IDENTIAL
7075
Add On
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON D.C. 20506
September 27, 1989
CHRON
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
FROM:
WILLIAM T. PRYCE
EVERETT ELLIS BRIGGS wipis
SUBJECT:
Guest List for State Dinner for Mexican President
Salinas (Revised)
Attached at Tab I is a memo from you to Laurie Firestone with a
revised list suggested by the Mexicans as guests for the
President's October 3 State Dinner in addition to the official
- delegation.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the memo at Tab I.
Attachments
Tab I
Scowcroft to Firestone Memorandum
Tab A
Revised Guest List
I
DECLASSIFIED
E.O. 12958, Sec. 3.5(b)
White House UNCLASSIFIED Guidelines UPON REMOVAL OF 997
By
CHMENTS
JGP, 10/19/01
Case No. 99-0466-F
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
THE WHITE HOUSE
CONFIDENTIAL
7075
WASHINGTON
Add On
MEMORANDUM FOR LAURIE FIRESTONE
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
SUBJECT:
Guest List for State Dinner for Mexican President
Salinas
Since my September 14 memorandum to you, the Mexicans have
submitted a number of changes to the list of people in addition
to the official delegation, whom President Salines would like to
see invited to the President's State Dinner for him. The list at
Tab A represents the Mexicans' priorities as closely as we can
determine them.
The first 16 names represent the top general priority. The
Mexicans hope all 16, who will be traveling with the President
without their spouses (with the exception of Octavio Paz and
Rufino Tamayo whose wives are on the list), can be invited. They
have singled out the first six on the list (marked 1) as having
the most importance for Salinas. We have divided the remainder
of the top 16 into categories marked "2" and "3" in case all
cannot be invited.
The second priority for the Mexicans is the "working group" which
we have marked "4." Their third category, consisting of people
it would be nice to invite, is marked category "5."
President Salinas also suggested that Derek Bok, President of
Harvard University, and Wayne Cornelius, Director of U.S.-Mexican
Studies at the University of California at San Diego, and their
wives, be invited. We give a much higher priority to Bok.
The Mexicans have been told that it will almost certainly not be
possible to invite all those suggested to the dinner. They
understand, and are now most anxious to know who among the top 16
will be invited. We believe all 16 should be. I would
appreciate your office informing NSC Executive Secretary G.
Philip Hughes on this as soon as a decision has been made. Many
thanks.
Attachment
Tab A
Proposed Guest List
DECLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIAL
PER DOS WAIVER, November 6, 2015
Declassify on: OADR
By MM NARA, Date 8/23/2016
REVISED LIST OF INVITEES OTHER THAN OFFICIAL DELEGATION SUGGESTED
BY MEXICAN GOVERNMENT FOR INCLUSION IN PRESIDENT BUSH'S STATE
DINNER FOR MEXICAN PRESIDENT SALINAS
Mexico
1 Miguel Aleman, Ambasador at Large, member of TELEVISA board,
and son of a former Mexican President
1 Emilio Azcarraga, Chairman of the Board, TELEVISA
1 Octavio Paz, Author and Historian
1 Maria Jose de Paz, wife of Octavio Paz
1 Rufino Tamayo, Artist
1 Olga de Tamayo, wife of Rufino Tamayo
2 Mrs. Socorro Diez, Chairman, House Foreign Affairs
Committee
2 Bernardo Garza Sada, Monterrey Industrialist
2 Claudio X. Gonzalez, Presidential Adviser on Foreign
Investments; Former President of Business Coordinating
Council
2 Francisco Hernandez Juarez, Head of Telephone Workers Union
2 Pedro Ramirez Vasquez, Architect
2 Rolando Vega, Interim Head of the Business Coordinating
Council
2 Romulo O'Farrill, Director General, newspaper Novedades
3 Antonio Madero Bracho, Businessman
3 Adrian Sada, Chairman of the Board, VITRO Corporation
3 Jacobo Zaidenweber, President, Mexico-U.S. Chamber of
Commerce
Working Group
4 Jose Antonio Gonzalez Fernandez, Director General of North
American Affairs, Foreign Secretariat
4 Andres Massieu, Private Secretary to the President
4 Jesus Reyes Heroles, Chief of Advisers to the Foreign
Relations Secretary
Additional Suggestions
5 Rodolfo Junco de la Vega, Director General, Monterrey
newspaper El Norte
5 Francisco Gonzalez, Businessman
5 Jose Santiago Healy,
5 Jacobo Zabludovsky, Newscaster
Americans
1 Mr. & Mrs. Derek Bok, President, Harvard University
2 Mr. & Mrs. Wayne Cornelius, Director of U.S.-Mexican Studies,
University of California, San Diego
Fole:
UNCLASSIFIED
RECORD ID: 8907487
NSC/S PROFILE
RECEIVED: 21 SEP 89
Greatert
TO: PRESIDENT
FROM: CEREZO, VINICIO
DOC DATE: 14 SEP 89
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: GUATEMALA
DRUGS
HS
PERSONS:
SUBJECT: LTR FM PRES CEREZO OF GUATEMALA RE DRUGS
ACTION: NOTED BY PRES
DUE DATE: 25 SEP 89
STATUS: C
STAFF OFFICER: NONE
LOGREF:
FILES: WH
NSCIF:
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
LAMAGNA
MILLER
PACELLI
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY
DATE
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSMDC
CLOSED BY: NSMDC
DOC 1 OF 1
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
RECORD ID: 8907487
ACTION DATA SUMMARY REPORT
DOC ACTION OFFICER
CAO ASSIGNED ACTION REQUIRED
001
X 89092116 NOTED BY PRES
UNCLASSIFIED
IMMEDIATE
7487
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
SUMMARY
PAGE 01 OF 02
PRT: SIT VANERON
SIT: AYERS PACELLI PRES_MSGS SIT SUM VAX
PREC. IMMEDIATE <CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED <DTG> 141811Z SEP 89
FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4645
UNCLAS GUATEMALA 10994
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PREL. SNAR. GT
SUBJECT: PRESIDENT CEREZO'S LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT
SUPPORTING HIS FIGHT AGAINST NARCOTICS.
1. FOLLOWING IS AN UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION OF A LETTER
WE HAVE JUST RECEIVED FROM PRESIDENT CEREZO TO PRESIDENT
BUSH SUPPORTING HIS ANTI-NARCOTICS CAMPAIGN. WE ARE
POUCHING THE ORIGINAL TO ARA/CEN.
2. BEGIN TEXT: DEAR MR. PRESIDENT:
I WOULD LIKE TO ASSURE YOU OF OUR COMPLETE SUPPORT FOR
THE FIRST NATIONAL STRATEGY DESIGNED BY YOUR GOVERNMENT
TO COMBAT THE PRODUCTION AND TRAFFICKING OF DRUGS IN
YOUR COUNTRY.
I BELIEVE THAT IT IS THE MOST BROADLY SUPPORTED CRUSADE
BEGUN BY YOUR GOVERNMENT, WHICH REFLECTS THE UNITY. THE
DECISION AND THE INDIGNATION OF A PEOPLE IN ITS FIGHT TO
PRESERVE THE LIVES OF MILLIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE.
WE ARE ALSO PLEASED WITH THE PROGRAM WITH WHICH THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE US WILL AID THE GOVERNMENT OF COLOMBIA
AS THE FIRST STEP IN STOPPING THE COCAINE CARTELS.
WE ALSO BELIEVE THAT YOUR CONCERN WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE
THE MANY SECTORS WHICH MAKE UP THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS IN
GUATEMALA. TO STRENGTHEN AND TO CONSOLIDATE IT. FACED
WITH THE THREAT OF DRUGS, WHICH IN THE FUTURE COULD COME
TO BE A THREAT TO DESTROY THAT DEMOCRACY.
OUR GOVERNMENT. WITH THE TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF YOUR
UNCLASSIFIED
IMMEDIATE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02
GOVERNMENT AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. HAS
TAKEN SIGNIFICANT MEASURES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS. I
BELIEVE THAT WE SHOULD SUPPORT YOUR STRATEGY. WHICH
CONSTITUTES A COORDINATED AND COOPERATIVE COMMITMENT FOR
THE WELL BEING OF OUR NATIONS.
I CONSIDER OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE THE CALL WHICH YOU
HAVE MADE TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR OF YOUR NATION TO PLAY A
KEY ROLE IN THIS STRATEGY: THIS SHOULD PRODUCE EXCELLENT
RESULTS.
WE NOW ARE FACING ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT CHALLENGES
OFTHE LAST FEW DECADES AGAINST DRUGS. A STRUGGLE IN
WHICH WE EXPECT A FAITHFUL RESPONSE FROM OUR CITIZENS TO
FULFILL OUR BROAD NATIONAL STRATEGY IN FAVOR OF THE
LIVES OF MILLIONS OF HUMAN BEINGS IN THIS CRUCIAL HOUR
OF THEIR HISTORY.
PLEASE ACCEPT ASSURANCES OF MY HIGHEST. MOST
DISTINGUISHED. CONSIDERATION.
MARCO VINICIO CEREZO. END TEXT TAYLOR.
BT
=0994
UNCLASSIFIED
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
07. cable
From [US Govt] to [US Govt]
08/04/89
P-1, F-1
S
RE: Guatemala (5 pp.)
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
PACRCUE
5829
Dile.
Crestenda
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 2, 1989
Dear Mr. President:
I am responding to your thoughtful letter of
May 24 proposing a summit meeting in January
1990. I agree with you that the challenging
problems facing the Americas require hemispheric
cooperation to achieve progress. As you so
rightly point out, discussion of these critical
issues at the highest levels is essential.
Interest in the kind of meeting you describe is
very high throughout the region, with calls for
dialogue coming from many quarters. We have
carefully weighed the timing, agenda and venue
of various proposals.
I wanted you to know that I have accepted an
invitation to attend the 100th anniversary of
Costa Rican democracy in San Jose at the end of
October at which many heads of state from Latin
America will be present. The timely occasion of
this celebration will, I believe, place the
focus squarely on democracy as the key to peace,
stability, and economic well-being: Given the
full agenda scheduled for the period immediately
following this event, I am afraid that it will
be difficult for me to attend a summit at the
time you have proposed.
2
I appreciate the initiative you have put forward
and the commitment you have demonstrated to
solving the pressing problems faced by the
region.
Sincerely,
CyBul
His Excellency
Vinicio Cerezo
President of the Republic of Guatemala
Guatemala
7
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
08b. memo
From Brent Scowcroft to President Bush
08/02/89
P-1, F-1
S
RE: response to letter from President Cerezo (1 pp.)
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
F-1 National security classified Information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
F-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial Information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of glft.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
Letter to the President from President Cerezo
(Informal Translation)
May 24, 1989
Mr. President:
I have the honor to address Your Excellency in regard to an
address I made at the March 2 session of the Permanent Council of
the Organization of American states in which I proposed "summit
of Presidents and Heads of Government of the member states of the
OAS. "
In this letter I have the pleasure to present this initiative to
Your Excellency in the hope that you will consider it, keeping in
mind the historic moment in which we live and the pressing need
to find American solutions to the regional problems we face.
Among the issues which require joint action are the search for
peace and democracy, international social justice, respect for
and observance of human rights, the international economic
crisis, poverty, foreign debt, and the traffic in illicit drugs.
All of these can form part of a high-level agenda.
I believe, Mr. President, that a frank dialogue and a profound
analysis carried out at the highest political levels of our
nations would allow us to achieve significant advances in the
search for solutions to the problems we all face. So far,
presidential-level meetings have produced some excellent results
in the continuing effort to confront the challenges of modern
life; examples are the Group of Eight summit which took place in
Acapulco and the various meetings of Central American Presidents.
It is a fact that we Presidents seek to find for our peoples new
ways of living; we want to change the old structures that do not
produce justice and that prevent the participation of all in
social process. For that reason, we political leaders have the
obligation to expend every possible effort to find the new paths
justice demands of us and each day to guarantee and strengthen
freedom and popular participation in decision making through
democratic institutions.
An American Summit, Excellency, would promote the development of
international cooperation as an auxiliary aid to national efforts
to accelerate peaceful and complete development; it would give an
impulse to the process of economic, political, and cultural
integration and would contribute to the strengthening of the
Organization of American States.
Mr. President: I take the liberty of suggesting that this
continental summit take place within the framework of the OAS and
that it take place in January 1990. At the same time, I have the
honor of proposing Guatemala City as the site for this important
meeting.
Accept, Excellency renewed assurances of my highest consideration
and appreciation.
Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo
EL PRESIDENTE
53
DELA
REPÚBLICA DE GUATEMALA
AMÉRICA CENTRAL
Guatemala, 24 de mayo de 1989
Señor Presidente:
Tengo el honor de dirigirme a Vuestra Exelecencia para manifestarle que, en
el discurso que pronuncié el 2 de marzo pasado en la Sesión Protocolar del
Consejo Permanente de la Organización de los Estados Americanos, formul
una propuesta concreta relacionada con la realización de una "Cumbre de
Presidentes y Jefes de Estado de los Países Miembros de la OEA".
Por este medio me es grato presentar a Vuestra Excelencia esta iniciativa,
con el ruego atento de que se sirva considerarla, teniendo en cuenta el
momento histórico que vivimos y la urgente necesidad de encontrar soluciones
americanas concertadas a los ingentes problemas regionales que
confrontamos y que requieren una acción conjunta, tales como la Paz, la
Democratización, la Justicia Social Internacional, la plena vigencia y
observancia de los Derechos Humanos, la crisis económica internacional, la
pobreza absoluta, la deuda externa y el tráfico flícito de drogas, temas que
pueden formar parte de una agenda de trabajo al más alto nivel.
Estimo, Excelentisimo Señor Presidente, que un diálogo franco y un análisis
profundo, al más alto nivel político de nuestras naciones, nos permitirá lograr
EL PRESIDENTE
53
DELA
REPÚBLICA DE GUATEMALA
AMÉRICA CENTRAL
La Cumbre Americana, Excelencia, propiciará también el fomento de la
cooperación internacional como mecanismo coadyuvante a los esfuerzos
nacionales para acelerar el proceso de desarrollo integral y armónico de
nuestras naciones, dará impulso a los procesos de integración económica,
política y cultural y contribuirá, al fortalecimiento de la Organización de los
Estados Americanos.
Señor Presidente: Me permito sugerirle que la Cumbre Continental, en el marco
de la OEA, se lleve a cabo en el mes de enero de 1990 y al mismo tiempo me
honro en proponer a la Ciudad de Guatemala como sede de tan trascendental
Reunión.
Aprovecho la ocasión para renovar a Vuestra Excelencia las seguridades de mi
más alta y distinguida consideración y personal aprecio,
REPUBLIC LA DE DENCE
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
08e. memo
From David Pacelli to Brent Scowcroft
08/01/89
P-1, F-1
S
RE: Presidential letter to Guatemala President Cerezo
P-5
(1 pp.)
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed 12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose tradesecrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information ((b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed In accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial Institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
SENT BY:
; 7-21-89 : 3:57PM :
hrNI=:a-2023955221 =
;# 3
STATE DEPARTMENT
DRAFT REPLY
Dear Mr. President:
I am responding to your thoughtful letter of May 24 proposing
a summit meeting of Presidents and Heads of Government of member
states of the Organization of American States (OAS) in January
1990. Vice President Quayle had already informed me of your
interest in hosting such a meeting.
As you observe, the challenging problems facing the Americas
are pressing. Hemispheric and international cooperation as well
as individual national efforts will be necessary to achieve
progress on these critical issues. As you so rightly pointed out
in your letter, a frank discussion at the highest levels is
essential.
Interest in the kind of meeting you describe is very high
throughout the region, with calls for dialogue coming from many
quarters. We have carefully weighed the timing, agenda and venue
of various proposals.
I wanted you to know that I have accepted an invitation to
attend the 100th anniversary of Costa Rican Democracy in San Jose
America will be present. The timely occasion of this celebration
at the end of October at which many heads of state from Latin
of democracy will, I believe, place the focus squarely on
dempcracy as the key to peace, stability and economic well-being.
Given the very full agenda scheduled for the period immediately for
following this event, I am afraid that it will be difficult heartened me
to attend a summit at the time you have proposed. I am
by continuously demonstrated to solving the pressing problems
the initiative you have put forward and the commitment you faced have
by the region.
Please accept my renewed assurances of consideration and deep
appreciation.
Sincerely,
George Bush
To: NSC: David Pacelli
-7File ->Filemith with
From: State - ARA/CEN: Deborah McCarthy
file
Per Pete Romero's suggestion I am faxing you a copy of a draft
response from President Bush to President Cerezo's invitation the to
an OAS summit in Guatemala in January 1990. I have revised
draft to take into account President Bush's recent acceptance of
President Arias' invitation to San Jose in October 1989. Please
note this is an advance copy of the response. It is still being
cleared with Bernie Aronson. I can be reached at 647-1145.
7/20
Action t contunce. was congleted to Inter
amirada
constant 7/28 Armunis DAB count.
Aftaryof
STATE DEPARTMENT
DRAFT REPLY
Dear Mr. President:
I am responding to your thoughtful letter of May 24 proposing
a summit meeting of Presidents and Heads of Government of member
states of the Organization of American States (OAS) in January
1990. Vice President Quayle had already informed me of your
interest in hosting such a meeting.
As you observe, the challenging problems facing the Americas
are pressing. Hemispheric and international cooperation as well
as individual national efforts will be necessary to achieve
progress on these critical issues. As you so rightly pointed out
in your letter, a frank discussion at the highest levels is
essential.
Interest in the kind of meeting you describe is very high
throughout the region, with calls for dialogue coming from many
quarters. We have carefully weighed the timing, agenda and venue
of various proposals.
I wanted you to know that I have accepted an invitation to
attend the 100th anniversary of Costa Rican Democracy in San Jose
at the end of October at which many heads of state from Latin
America will be present. The timely occasion of this celebration
of democracy will, I believe, place the focus squarely on
democracy as the key to peace, stability and economic well-being.
Given the very full agenda scheduled for the period immediately
following this event, I am afraid that it will be difficult for me
to attend a summit at the time you have proposed. I am heartened
by the initiative you have put forward and the commitment you have
continuously demonstrated to solving the pressing problems faced
by the region.
Please accept my renewed assurances of consideration and deep
appreciation.
Sincerely,
George Bush
Drafted: ARA/CEN : DMcCarthy One
7/22/89 Doc. 9570 Ext. 71145
Cleared: ARA/CEN : PRomero
ARA/USOAS: JCTodd
ARA/PPC: LEinaudi
ARA/PPC: DSKocz07
ARA: CArcos
ARA/BAronson
]
Stell burg cleared
Letter to the President from President Cerezo
center
( a formal Trans lation)
May 24, 1989
Mr. President:
I have the honor to address youRexcellency in regard to an
1"
address I made at the March 2 session of the Permanent Council of
the Organization of American states in which I proposed "A summit
of Presidents and Heads of Government of the member states of the
OAS.
return
In this letter I have the pleasure to present your excellency
This initiative in the hope that you will consider it, (white) while
keeping in mind the historic moment in which we live and the
pressing need to find american soulutions to the regional
problems we face. Among these issures which require joint action
are the search for peace and democracy, international social
justice, respect for and observance of human rights, the
international economic crisis, poverty, foreign debt, and the
traffic in illicit drugs. All of these can form part of a high-
level agenda.
notwin
I believe, Mr. President, that a frank dialogue and a profound
analysis carried out at the highest political levels of our
nations would allow us to achieve significant advances in the
search for solutions to the problems we all face. So far,
presidential-level meetings have produced some excellent results
in the continuing effort to confront the challenges of modern
Group of Eight
life; examples are the summit of the eight) which took place in
Acapulco and the various meetings of Central American Presidents.
It is a fact that we President seek to find for our peoples new
ways of living; we want to change the old structures that do not
produce justice and that prevent the participation of all in
the
social process. For that reason, we political leaders have the
obligation to expend every possible effort to find the new paths
justice demands of us and to guarantee and strengthen
each daily day
freedom and popular participation in decision making (vid via through
democratic institutions.
An american summit, excellency, would promote the development of
international cooperationuas It an ancillary auxiliary aid to national efforts
to accelerate peaceful and complete development; it would give an
impulse to the process of economic, political, and cultural
integration and would contributeto the strengthening of the OAS.
Organization of American States.
n
Mr. President: I take the liberty of suggesting that this
framework
continental summit take place within the context of the OAS and
that it take place ithin the context of the OAS and that it take
At the same time,
place in January 1990. I have the honor of proposing Guatemala
1
City as the site for this important meeting.
Accept excellency, renewed assurances of my highest consideration
and appreciation. Marco Vinicio Cerezo Areval of End
Text.)
:DIST>PRT: BRANSCUM
SIT: AYERS PACELLI PRYCE DORMINEY RODMAN VAX
<PREC> IMMEDIATE<CLAS> SECRET<OSRI> RUEHGT<DTG> 181603z JUL 89
<ORIG>FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
<TO>TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 3018
INFO RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA 4201
RUEHSN/AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR 8331
RUEHSJ/AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE 7899
GUAT
RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA 9062
<SUBJ>SUBJECT: ARONSON TALKS WITH PRESIDENT CEREZO
<TEXT>
SECRET SECTION 01 OF 04 GUATEMALA 08377
ARA/CEN FOR SULLIVAN
NODIS
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, EAID, EFIN, XK, PM, GT
SUBJECT: ARONSON TALKS WITH PRESIDENT CEREZO
1. SECRET ENTIRE TEXT.
2. SUMMARY; A/S ARONSON AND PRESIDENT CEREZO HAD A
FRUITFUL DISCUSSION. CEREZO AGREED TO TALK WITH
PRESIDENT AZCONA REGARDING THE HONDURAN PLAN FOR DRR.
HE WILL MEET WITH A DELEGATION OF RESISTANCE COMMANDERS
BEFORE THE SUMMIT TO HEAR THEIR CONCERNS ON
DEMOBILIZATION. HE WILL ASK HIS MINISTER OF DEFENSE TO
SEND A DELEGATION OF MILITARY OFFICERS TO TELL THE PDF
THAT IF NORIEGA GOES, ITS ROLE IN A DEMOCRATIC
GOVERNMENT WILL BE RESPECTED. OTHERWISE, THE CRISIS
WILL GET MUCH WORSE. CEREZO ALSO ANNOUNCED HE HAD
ORDERED RECENT CHANGES IN THE POLICE RESCINDED, so THAT
MILITARY MEN WILL NOT REPLCE CIVILIANS. FOR HIS PART,
CEREZO ASKED FOR QUICK ASSISTANNE RN THE FORM OF
ECONOMIC SUPPORT, AND FOR SOME MINOR INCREASE IN
MILITARY AID, OR AT LEAST NO CUTS IN THE PRESENT LEVEL.
THERE WAS SUBSTANIAL AGREEMENT ON MAJOR REGIONAL
ISSUES. END SUMMARY.
3. A/S ARONSON HELD A FRIENDLY, PRODUCTIVE HOUR AND A
HALF CONVERSATION WITH PRESIDENT CEREZO THE MORNING OF
JULY 15. THE PRESIDENT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY ACTING
FOREIGN MINISTER MARTINI. ARONSON WAS ACCOMPANIED BY
THE AMBASSADOR, DAS MADIGAN, ARA/CEN DIRECTOR SULLIVAN,
INTERPRETER PHILLIPS AND POLCOUNS TONKIN (NOTETAKER).
4. FOLLOWING THE OBLIGATORY AMENITIES, ARONSON OPENED
THE SUBSTANCE BY SENDING CEREZO PRESIDENT BUSH'S
PERSONAL GREETINGS, NOTING THIS WAS THEIR FIRST MEETING
SINCE HIS CONFIRMATION, AND INQUIRING ABOUT THE STATE OF
OUR BILATERALS. CEREZO SAID WE ARE WORKING WELL
TOGETER. AT THE MOMENT THE USG COULD BE OF
CONSIDERABLE ASSISTANCE TO HIM ON ESF DISBURSEMENT.
TRADITIONALLY AT MID YEAR GUATEMALA SUFFERS A DIP IN
FOREIGN EXCHANGE. THERE IS CONSIDERABLE SPECULATION AS
TO A POSSIBLE DEVALUATION. THE GOG IS WORKING ON A LONG
02 Aug 04 LT
99-0466-F
TERM ECONOMIC PLAN THROUGH NEXT YEAR'S ELECTION
(NOVEMBER 1990). THERE IS SOME UNREST, STRIKES AND
PICKETING OF THE PALACE, AND THE GOG, TO MAINTAIN
PER E.O. 12958
DECLASSIFIED
STABILITY AND CONFIDENCE, COULD USE ESF DISBURSEMENT
IMMEDIATELY. THE PLAN IN THE WORKS CONTEMPLATES
TIGHTENED MONETARY POLICY AND SOME BUDGET CUTS AS
AUSTERITY MEASURES, AND COULD BE READY BY THIS WEDNESDAY
(JULY 19). HE IS THINKING ABOUT A DEVALUATION IN ABOUT
A MONTH. OTHERWISE, THE ECONOMIC SITUATION IS PRETTY
GOOD, INFLATION IS UNDER CONTROL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IS
ACCELERATING. THE AMBASSADOR NOTED THAT AT A MEETING
WITH THE GOG TECHNICAL TEAM THE PREVIOUS DAY, THE
GUATEMALANS DID NOT SEEM TO HAVE A CONCRETE PLAN.
CEREZO ASSURED HIM THERE IS A PLAN READY THAT WILL TAKE
TEN DAYS TO IMPLEMENT. HE RETURNED TO THIS TOPIC AT THE
END OF THE MAETING, STATING THAT ESF IS A POLITICAL
SOLUTION, NOT JUST AN ECONOMIC ONE. THE MONEY WOULD BE
AN EXPRESSION OF CONFIDENCE IN BOTH THE GOG AND IN ITS
NEW ECONOMIC MEASURES. HE WOULD LIKE TO SEE RAPID
DISBURSEMENT. THE AMBASSADOR SUGGESTED THAT AN
AGREEMENT COULD BE SIGNED ONCE WE AGREED ON WHAT THE
MEASURES WOULD BE, WITH DISBURSEMENT TO TAKE PLACE
IMMEDIATELY AFTER MEASURES ARE IN PLACE. ARONSON SAID
THE GOG TECHNICIANS SHOULD SEE THE AMBASSADOR SOON. WE
WILL MOVE QUICKLY. CEREZO SUGGESTED THAT "IT WOULD BE
BETTER" TO HAVE A SINGLE DISBURSEMENT AND THE AMBASSADOR
RESPONDED THAT IF THE PROGRAM CONTEMPLATED SOME
IMMEDIATE MEASURES AND OTHERS TO BE TAKEN LATER WE MIGHT
THINK OF DISBURSING HALF NOW AND HALF WHEN THE
SUBSEQUENT MEASURES ARE TAKEN. ARONSON UNDERTOOK TO
PUSH IN WASHINGTON FOR QUICK DISBURSEMENT ONCE AGREEMENT
IS REACHED. HE SAID IT IS NOT KNOWN IN THE US JUST HOW
WELL THE GUATEMALAN ECONOMY IS PERFORMING. WE WANT
GUATEMALA TO CONTINUE ITS SUCCESS. A HEALTHY ECONOMY
BREEDS DEMOCRACY. CEREZO SEEMED SATISFIED, AND PLEASED
WITH OUR OFFER TO COOPERATE.
5. CEREZO TURNED TO THE MILITARY. ANY, EVEN MINOR,
INCREASE IN MILITARY ASSISTANCE WOULD BE A FAVORABLE
SIGN TO THE GUATEMALAN MILITARY. HE UNDERSTANDS THAT
LIBERAL GROUPS IN THE US HAVE TARGETTED GUATEMALA ON
E CRE SECTION 02 OF 04 GUATEMALA 08377
ARA/CEN FOR SULLIVAN
NODIS
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, EAID, EFIN, XK, PM, GT
SUBJECT: ARONSON TALKS WITH PRESIDENT CEREZO
HUMAN RIGHTS, AND HE IS DOING HIS BEST TO REFUTE THEM.
ARONSON NOTED THAT THE USG IS STILL WORKING ON DELICATE,
SENSITIVE LEGISLATION ALONG THESE LINES. OUR TWO
GOVERNMENTS SHOULD COMMUNICATE ON OUR COMMON GOALS. HE
HOPES THAT NO SECTOR IN GUATEMALA DOUBTS THE USG IS
UNEQUIVOCALLY COMMITTED TO DEMOCRACY HERE. AN IMPORTANT
PARALLEL ISSUE IS THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE. A
WELL-TRAINED CIVILIAN POLICE IS VITAL IN CONVINCING
CONGRESS THAT THERE IS PROGRESS IN GUATEMALA ON HUMAN
RIGHTS. UNFORTUNATEY KEY CIVILIANS IN THE OFFICE OF
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CRIME DETECTION WHO WERE
TRAINED UNDER THE I.C.I.T.A.P. PROGRAM HAVE JUST BEEN
REPLACED BY UNTRAINED MILITARY MEN. FRANKLY, IT IS VERY
DIFFICULT FOR US TO DEFEND THIS. WE COULD BE FORCED TO
END THIS PROGRAM IF IT BECOMES INDEFENSIBLE. CEREZO
IMMEDIATEY DECLARED HE HAS GIVEN ORDERS TO REVERSE THE
PERSONNEL CHANGES. HE SAID THE NEW DIRECTOR OF THE
NATIONAL POLICE IS AN OLD FRIEND, VERY CAPABLE, AND
ENAVYS HIS COMPLETE TRUST, BUT HE DOESN'T ALWAYS
UNDERSTND THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF APPARENTLY MINOR
DECISIONS. HE PUT SOME FRIENDS IN THESE JOBS. CEREZO
SAID HE ASKED THE DIRECTOR TO PUT HIS FRIENDS SOMEWHERE
ELSE.
6. ARONSON SAID HE WAS VEJY PLEASED THAT THE GOLPE OF
MAY 9 WAS A FAILURE. WHAT IS CEREZO'S VIEW OF ITS
CAUSES? CEREZO SAID THE 1988 GOLPE WAS
CIVILIAN-INSPIRED, MORE AN IDEOLOGICAL MOVEMENT. SOME
PEOPLE WERE CONVINCED HE WAS GOING TO "SOCIALIZE"
GUATEMALA. THE 1989 VERSION WAS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE
PREVIOUS MOVEMENT. DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST SOME
MILITARY PARTICIPANTS CAUSED THEM TO BEAR A GRUDGE
AGAINST MINISTER OF DEFENSE GRAMAJO. TWO COLONELS WERE
NOT PARTICULARLY HONEST; ONE WAS A FRIEND OF CEREZO.
MOST OFFICERS IN THE MILITARY ARE AWARE OF THE NEW
COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY IN THE ARMED FORCES. THE NEXT
GOVERNMENT WILL HAVE AN EASIER TIME WITH THE MILITARY
BECAUSE THE NEXT TWO CLASSES OF OFFICERS ARE GOOD,
PARTICULARLY THE SECOND CLASS, WHICH CONTAINS SEVERAL
CLOSE FRIENDS OF CEREZO. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ALSO NOW
SEEMS LESS INTERESTED IN A GOLPE, CEREZO CONTINUED.
THEY ARE MAKING MONEY AND THEY REALIZE THAT WE ARE NOT
GOING TO MAKE ANY RADICAL REFORMS. CEREZO SAID HE TAKES
MANY HARD DECISIONS, BUT HE CAN AFFORD TO, BECAUSE HE
HAS THE SUPPORT OF THE ARMY.
7. ARONSON THANKED CEREZO FOR THE CLOSE COOPERATION
BETWEEN OUR TWO GOVERNMENTS ON NARCOTICS CONTROL. HE
FORCEFULLY EXPRESSED THE HOPE THAT THE NEXT GOG WILL BE
PERCEIVED TO BE AS COMMITTED TO THIS STRUGGLE AS IS THE
PRESENT. (NOTE: CEREZO IS SUPPORTING A CANDIDATE FOR
NOMINATION TO SUCCEED HIM WHOM RUMORS CLAIM HAS
NARCOTICS CONNECTIONS.)
8. TURNING TO REGIONAL AFFAIRS, ARONSON NOTED THAT THE
NEXT CENTRAL AMERICAN SUMMIT WILL BE CRUCIAL. HE ASKED
FOR CEREZO'S VIEWS. CEREZO SAID THE GOG HAS TWO GOALS:
TO IOPROVE THE VERIFICATION PROCESS TO HELP EL SALVADOR
AND TO CONVINCE THE HONDURANS THAT THIS ALSO BENEFITS
THEM, AND TO BROADEN THE POLITICAL OPENING INSIDE
NICARAGUA. THE SANDINISTAS ARE OBVIOUSLY ACCUSING THE
US OF INTERVENTION, AND ARE TRYING TO PROVOKE THE
HONDURANS, IN ORDER TO DIMINISH THE CONCESSIONS THEY ARE
FORCED TO MAKE. ARIAS AS WELL SOMETIMES FALLS INTO
THEIR TRAP. CEREZO EMPHASIZED THAT PROGRESS MUST BE
MADE ON THE DEMOBILIZATION OF THE CONTRAS, BUT
SIMULTANEOUS WITH DEMOCRATIZATION. THE SALVADORANS ARE
SURE THAT THE SANDINISTAS ARE SENDING ARMS TO THE FMLN
(ARONSON AGREED). THE GUERRILLA IS TRYING TO ISOLATE
THE GOVERNMENT OF EL SALVADOR BY POLITICAL EFFORTS IN
WASHINGTON AND ELSEWHERE AND BY INCREASING CONFRONTATION
AT HOME. THEY NEED GUNS, MONEY AND PUBLICITY.
VERIFICATION IS THE CENTRAL AMERICANS' MOST IMPORTANT
ISSUE. ARONSON AGREED. HE NOTED THAT IT IS EASYNTOV
SPOT TEN THOUSAND ARMED PEASANTS IN YAMALES. WHAT IS
NEEDED IS A VERIFICATION REQUIREMENT THAT WILL ALSO
APPLY TO GON SUPPLY OF SUCH ARMS TO GUERRILLA GROUPS.
HE ALSO AGREED THAT THE FMLN IS TRYING TO POLARIZE THE
SALVADORAN SITUATION. CRISTIANI HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN
CONTROLLING THE SITUATON, AND HAS NOT VIOLATED HUMAN
S
E C R E T SECTION 03 OF 04 GUATEMALA 08377
ARA/CEN FOR SULLIVAN
NODIS
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, EAID, EFIN, XK, PM, GT
SUBJECT: ARONSON TALKS WITH PRESIDENT CEREZO
RIGHTS. THIS HELPS ENORMOUSLY IN CONGRESS. THE USG
DEFEATED SEVERAL ATTEMPTS THERE TO CUT AID TO THE
SALVADORAN MILITARY.
9. ARONSON SAID WE SEE A SERIOUS DANGER TO THE PEACE
PROCESS IN THE SANDINISTA DRAFT DEMOBILIZAITON PLAN. IT
WON'T WORK, IS MERELY A POLITICAL DOCUMENT AND WILL NOT
ENCOURAGE THE RN TO REINTEGRATE VOLUNTARILY. THEY HAVE
TOLD US THAT IF THEY ARE NOT CONVINCED THEY HAVE
GUARANTEES, THEY WILL REENTER NICARAGUA AND CONTIUNE TO
FIGHT. THE CONGRESS WILL THEN CUT OFF HUMANITARIAN AID,
WE WILL LOSE CONTROL OVER THE RN AND CONFLICT WILL
RETURN TO CENTRAL AMERICA. THE SANDINISTAS WILL END ANY
SEMBLANCE OF FREE ELECTIONS AND THE PEACE PROCESS WILL
UNRAVEL. IT IS UP TO THE FOUR DEMOCRACIES TO STRUCTURE
AN EFFECTIVE PLAN LINKING DEMOBILIZATION WITH
DEMOCRATIZATION. THE HONDURANS HAVE A PLAN. THEY NEED
GUATEMALAN SUPPORT. WILL YOU HELP?
10 CEREZO IMMEDIATELY VOLUNTEERED TO CALL PRESIDENT
AZCONA TO ASK THAT LOPEZ CONTRERAS COME TO EXPLAIN THE
PLAN TO THE GOG. CEREZO SAID WE ARE AT THE END OF THE
ROAD, AND WE NEED A NEW DIRECTION.
11. ARONSON SAID THE SANDINISTAS HAVE NEVER BEEN
WEAKER. THEIR ECONOMY HAS COLLAPSED, THEY ARE
POLITICALLY ISOLATED AND HAVE BEEN FORCED TO ACCEPT THE
PEACE PROCESS. THE USG HAS MADE CLEAR TO THE SOVIETS
THAT AID TO NICARAGUA AND CUBA WILL HAVE A PRICE IN OUR
BILATERAL RELATIONS. THEY APPEAR TO UNDERSTAND. THE
SANDINISTAS ARE IN A BOX, BUT IF THE DRR PLAN FAILS,
THEY WILL BE LET OUT.
12. CEREZO ASKED ABOUT THE ARIAS/ORTEGA TALKS OF THE
PREVIOUS DAY. ARONSON SAID DEMOCRATIZATION WAS THE
TOPIC. ORTEGA AGREED TO DIALOGUE WITH A UNITED
OPPOSITION. ARONSON TOLD CEREZO THE RESISTANCE
COMMANDERS WANT TO SEND A DELEGATION TO EXPLAIN THEIR
CONCERNS TO HIM. WOULD HE RECEIVE THEM? CEREZO SAID
CERTAINLY, HE IS VERY INTERESTED IN THEIR VIEWS.
ARONSON SAID ARIAS HAD AGREED TO TALK TO THEM AS WELL,
AND LATER TODAY HE WILL ASK CRISTIANI THE SAME THING.
13. CEREZO NOTED AGAIN THE DEMOBILIZATION PROCESS MUST
BE VOLUNTARY. ARONSON AGREED, SAYING THAT TIMING MUST
BE REALISTIC. THE RESISTANCE NEEDS GURANTEES, AND THEY
CANNOT BE RUSHED INTO LAYING DOWN THEIR ARMS. THE
PROCESS IS GRADUAL AND SHOULD LAST THROUGH THE
ELECTIONS. CEREZO SAID HE AGREED FULLY, BASED ON
GUATEMALA'S AGREEMENT WITH MEXICO NOT TO BE OBLIGED TO
TAKE BACK THE GUATEMALAN REFUGEES THERE ALL AT ONCE.
THEY NEEDED TIME TO REGAIN THEIR CONFIDENCE. ARONSON
NOTED THAT CEREZO WAS SPEAKING WITH THE AUTHORITY OF ONE
WHO HAS DONE THIS REPATRIATION SUCCESSFULLY.
14. ARONSON SAID "LET'S TALK ABOUT PANAMA". CEREZO
SAID FOREIGN MINISTER PALENCIA TOLD HIM THAT SOME
PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE. THERE ARE TRIPARTITE TALKS
BETWEEN OPPOSITION, GOVERNMENT AND THE PDF. HE
UNDERSTANDS THE IDEA NOW IS THAT THERE WILL BE A
ONE-YEAR PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT, NORIEGA WILL LEAVE AND
NEW ELECTIONS WILL BE HELD. THE OPPOSITION IS IN FAVOR
OF THIS PROVIDED NORIEGA LEAVES. CEREZO SAID HIS
MILITARY HAS NOTICED A CHANGE IN THE PDF. THEY ARE
FINALLY GETTING CONCERNED. SINCE THE ELECTION THEY
REALIZE THAT NORIEGA IS NOT DEFENDING PANAMA'S
SOVEREIGNTY, BUT IS OUT FOR HIMSELF. WHAT CAN WE DO
WITH NORIEGA? ARONSON SAID PRESIDENT BUSH IS DEEPLY
INVOLVED, AND WILL NOT DROP THE INDICTMENTS, BUT THE USG
IS PREPARED TO BE FLEXIBLE WITH NORIEGA. ARONSON ASKED
CEREZO IF THE GUATEMALAN MILITARY WILL TAKE A MESSAGE TO
THE PDF. IT IS TWO PARTS: THE CRISIS WILL WORSEN
CONSIDERABLY IF NORIEGA STAYS. HOWEVER, THE USG IS NOT
INTERESTED IN HARMING THE PDF. WE RESPECT ITS ROLE IN A
CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT. WE WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE PDF
LIKE THE GUATEMALA MILITARY RESPECTFUL OF CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITY, AND VWE WOULD WORK WITH THEM ON THE SAME
TERMS. WHEN NORIEGA GOES, WE WILL DROP ALL SANCTIONS
AND RETURN THE ALMOST $250 MILLION IN ESCROW. CEREZO
SAID THAT THE GUATEMALAN MILITARY HAS A LOT OF FRIENDS
SECRET SECTION 04 OF 04 GUATEMALA 08377
ARA/CEN FOR SULLIVAN
NODIS
E.O. 12356: DECL:0ADR
TAGS: PREL, EAID, EFIN, XK, PM, GT
SUBJECT: ARONSON TALKS WITH PRESIDENT CEREZO
IN THE PDF. HE WILL TELL MINISTER OF DEFENSE GRAMAJO TO
SEND TWO OR THREE OFFICERS THERE TO SEND THE MESSAGE.
ARONSON SAID THAT IF NOTHING HAPPENS, ON SEPTEMBER FIRST
WE MUST ISOLATE NORIEGA, BREAK RELATIONS, TREAT HIM LIKE
A LEPER. HIS CONTINUANCE SENDS THE WRONG MESSAGE TO THE
SANDINISTAS, AND HAS SERIOUS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REST
OF CENTRAL AMERICA.
15. AS THE MEETING DREW TO A CLOSE, ARONSON BROUGHT UP
BELIZE. CEREZO SAID HE WILL HAVE A PRIVATE MEETING WITH
ESQUIVEL PROBABLY THE SECOND WEEK IN AUGUST, MAYBE IN
CANCUN OR SOME OTHER AGREEABLE PLACE IN MEXICO.
ESQUIVEL IMPRESSES CEREZO VERY FAVORABLY. HE WILL TRY
TO ARRIVE AT A MODUS OPERANDI WITH HIM, AND PERHAPS A
FORMAL TREATY CAN BE ACHIEVED IN THE DECEMBER-FEBRUARY
TIME FRAME. BELIZE SEEMS READY TO CEDE ON MARITIME
LIMITS, BUT NOT LAND LIMITS. THAT MEETS GUATEMALA'S
NEEDS. CEREZO SAID HE WANTS TO INTEGRATE BELIZE INTO
CENTRAL AMERICA, NOT INTO GUATEMALA. ARONSON ENCOURAGED
THIS PROGRESS, SAID IT WOULD BE A GREAT ACHIEVEMENT OF
CEREZO'S PRESIDENCY TO COME TO AN AGREEMENT WITH BELIZE,
AND OFFERED TO BE SUPPORTIVE.
16. THE MEETING ENDED WITH CEREZO OBSERVING THAT
PRESIDENT BUSH HAS AN EXCELLENT IMAGE IN CENTRAL
AMERICA. HE HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE A GREAT
PRESIDENT. ARONSON THANKED HIM FOR THE OBSERVATION, AND
EXPRESSED HIMSELF "VERY PLEASED" WITH THIS MEETING, ITS
TONE AND ITS RESULTS. MICHEL.
<SECT>SECTION: 01 OF 04<SSN> 8377<STOR> 890718154834 MSG000238088914
<SECT>SECTION: 02 OF 04<SSN> 8377<STOR> 890718154922 MSG000238088962
<SECT>SECTION: 03 OF 04<SSN> 8377<STOR> 890718155010 MSG000238089010
<SECT>SECTION: 04 OF 04<SSN> 8377<STOR> 890718155023 MSG000238089023
<TOR>890718155629
S/S 8915120
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
5221
June 30, 1989
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
ATTACHMENT
MEMORANDUM FOR:
Mr. Philip Hughes
Executive Secretary
National Security Council Staff
The White House
SUBJECT:
Alerting NSCS on Presidential
Correspondence
Enclosed is the original of a letter to President Bush
from President Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo of Guatemala
which is transmitted for your information.
This correspondence was received in the Information Resources
Management Section of the Executive Secretariat on June 29, 1989.
A copy has been assigned to the appropriate bureau for action.
Charles Director, Jackson S/S-IRM Ju.yoz
Information Resources Management Section
Executive Secretariat
647-2991
File: Guatamle
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
RECORD ID: 8905221
NSC/S PROFILE
RECEIVED: 30 JUN 89 15
TO: PRESIDENT
FROM: CEREZO, VINICIO
DOC DATE: 30 JUN 89
SOURCE REF:
KEYWORDS: GUADELOUPE
OAS
HS
PERSONS:
SUBJECT: LTR TO PRES FM PRES CEREZO RE OAS SUMMIT IN GUATAMALA
ACTION: PENDING STATE RECOMS
DUE DATE: 04 JUL 89
STATUS: D
STAFF OFFICER: PACELLI
LOGREF:
FILES: WH
NSCIF:
CODES:
DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION
FOR ACTION
FOR CONCURRENCE
FOR INFO
STATE
PACELLI
PRYCE
WORKING
COMMENTS:
DISPATCHED BY
DATE
BY HAND W/ATTCH
OPENED BY: NSRSC
CLOSED BY:
DOC 1 OF 1
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
S/S-O
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
INCOMING
Department of State
GUATEM #7826 281357Z
#178 088127 $$05268
GUATEM 87826 2813572
8178 888127 SS05268
PAGE 81
PAGE #1
28/02142
- AN AMERICAN SUMMIT, EXCELLENCY, WOULD PROMOTE THE
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AS AN ANCILLARY
INFO SS1-92 D-81 S-03 /886 A3 RGR
AID TO NATIONAL EFFORTS TO ACCELERATE PEACEFUL AND
COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT; IT WOULD GIVE AN IMPULSE TO THE
ACTION ARA-##
PROCESS OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION
INFO LOG-88 ADS-## SS-#9 DIC-82 10-19 HA-89 L-#3
AND WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE STRENGTHENING OF THE OAS.
AMAD-01 INM-#8' E-01 P-92 /045 W
214835 2983282 /64 38
- MR. PRESIDENT: I TAKE THE LIBERTY OF SUGGESTING THAT
THIS CONTINENTAL SUMMIT TAKE PLACE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF
R 151814Z JUN "
THE OAS AND THAT IT TAKE PLACE IN JANUARY 1990. I HAVE
FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
THE MONOR OF PROPOSING GUATEMALA CITY AS THE SITE FOR
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 2330
THIS IMPORTANT MEETING.
WHITEHOUSE WASHDC
INFO USMISSION USUN NEW YORK
- ACCEPT EXCELLENCY RENEWED ASSURANCES OF MY HIGHEST
CONSIDERATION AND APPRECIATION. SIGNED, MARCO VINICIO
CEREZO AREVALO. END TEXT.
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE GUATEMALA #7826
LAMBERTY
STATE FOR ARA AND USOAS
NOTE BY OC/T: NOT PASSED USOAS
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PREL, PGOV, DAS, PHUM, ECON, SNAR, GT
SUBJECT: LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT FROM PRESIDENT CEREZO
PROPOSING DAS SUMMIT IN GUATEMALA, JANUARY 1998
1. EMBASSY HAS RECEIVED A LETTER FROM PRESIDENT CEREZO
FOR PRESIDENT BUSH; WHILE DATED MAY 24, LETTER WAS JUST
RECEIVED. ORIGINAL POUCHED TO ARA/CEN; INFORMAL EMBASSY
TRANSLATION FOLLOWS.
2. BEGIN TEXT: MR. PRESIDENT: I HAVE THE NONOR TO
ADDRESS YOUR EXCELLENCY IN REGARD TO AN ADDRESS I MADE
AT THE MARCH 2 SESSION OF THE PERMANENT COUNCIL OF THE
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES IN WHICH I PROPOSED "A
SUMMIT OF PRESIDENTS AND HEADS OF GOVERNMENT OF THE
MEMBER STATES OF THE DAS."
- IN THIS LETTER I HAVE THE PLEASURE TO PRESENT YOUR
EXCELLENCY THIS INSTIATIVE IN THE HOPE THAT YOU WILL
CONSIDER IT, WHILE KEEPING IN MIND THE HISTORIC MOMENT
IN WHICH WE LIVE AND THE PRESSING NEED TO FIND AMERICAN
SOLUTIONS TO THE REGIONAL PROBLEMS WE FACE. AMONG THESE
ISSUES WHICH REQUIRE JOINT ACTION ARE THE SEARCH FOR
PEACE AND DEMOCRACY, INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL JUSTICE,
RESPECT FOR AND OBSERVANCE OF KUMAN RIGHTS, THE
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CRISIS, POVERTY, FOREIGN DEBT,
AND THE TRAFFIC IN ILLICIT DRUGS. ALL OF THESE CAN FORM
PART OF A NIGH-LEVEL AGENDA.
- I BELIEVE, MR. PRESIDENT, THAT A FRANK DIALOGUE AND A
PROFOUND ANALYSIS CARRIED OUT AT THE HIGHEST POLITICAL
LEVELS OF OUR NATIONS WOULD ALLOW US TO ACHIEVE
SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES IN THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS TO THE
PROBLEMS WE ALL FACE. so FAR, PRESIDENTIAL-LEVEL
CONTINUING EFFORT TO CONFRONT THE CHALLENGES OF MODERN
LIFE; EXAMPLES ARE THE SUMMIT OF THE EIGHT WHICH TOOK
'89 JUN-29 4:14 PM
8915120
MEETINGS HAVE PRODUCED SOME EXCELLENT RESULTS IN THE
PLACE IN ACAPULCO AND THE VARIOUS MEETINGS OF CENTRAL
AMERICAN PRESIDENTS.
- IT IS A FACT THAT VE PRESIDENTS SEEK TO FIND FOR OUR
PEOPLES NEW WAYS OF LIVING; WE WANT TO CHANGE THE OLD
STRUCTURES THAT DO NOT PRODUCE JUSTICE AND THAT PREVENT
THE PARTICIPATION OF ALL IN THE SOCIAL PROCESS. FOR
THAT REASON, WE POLITICAL LEADERS HAVE THE DELIGATION TO
EXPEND EVERY POSSIBLE EFFORT TO FIND THE NEW PATNS
JUSTICE DEMANDS OF US AND DAILY TO GUARANTEE AND
STRENGTHEN FREEDOM AND POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN DECISION
MAXING VIA DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS.
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
12a. Handwritten
[Interagency Meeting to Discuss Guatemala] [FOIA
6/26/89
(b)(1)
C
Notes
restrictions redacted] (2 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Document Partially Declassified
Office:
National Security Council
(Copy of Document Follows)
Series:
Latin American Affairs Directorate Files
By MM
on 1/17/2023
Subseries:
Subject File 1989
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Guatemala January 20, 1989-December 31, 1989
Date Closed:
12/7/1999
OA/ID Number:
CF00196-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1999-0466-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
2013-1055-MR(510)
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
Released in Part
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date: 6/13/2016
RESTRICTION CODES
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
Deed of Gift Restrictions
(b)(1) National security classified information
C(I) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
security information
agency
C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute
C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
gift [formerly listed as only C]
information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion
of personal privacy
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
Presidential Records Act. [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
purposes
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
financial institutions
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRAJ
concerning wells
DECLASSIFIED IN PART
CONS IDENTIAL
Cleatemala
PER E.O. 13526
2013-1055.MR
MM 6/13/2016
PRESIDENTIAL 510 LIBRARY DELIVERY
June 26, 1989
(b)(3) Asse
BUSH
inter-Ageny meety
Callejas- reterent toe in water, but out of The pul; imminit
Marrigan- - not in pool, either
Coup Platters are pur grobbers > spenfic comp Cants;
Those that are left at
1.4(c)
"perception of strengh" (DIA)
Depends on how b. goes- if he
INB
1.4(c)
More personation Than
DiA, Cahera well make it
worse.
Postprement June comention a DCG: that dest men?
Cabrera not able to lock. it up ? stop Cature movent?
- Benefits de Lean > Cabrera
Punish + Cays Clatters? ?
Import of us FAA Amendants ? Datam does + Thank t well
howe much injucts. [mp disgres]
- Bod: perhaps me shd bet The bullet/tangst Cabrera
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
Democrate Altention to Cabrece? (Ditor raises)
Sereseres ansioes : muliting + proof sector instructural
and lat severalizers. Printe sector concludes -you
rurally - argund pat
can't bet DCG m electrons DCG wanty nationally/
Must - her eyes, 6rango Lo gave
Callegas by prost 6, cofreged intel community.
- CAUR lowyers turned coup into calculated by just
Office caps penetrated" by medea + write to friends
by The product seiter. Direct areas of private
pertor to The multing
- CAUF is not behand The parties get - no
effort Creation to creato an ARENA type
- of an strassphere with Granigo is target;
hot lerezo.
Devesere - says The dark Colrera was Vinne's man 6, A long
time in days. he was Mean. los a Godygood)
Manager Ran the 2 years -
which will instructly catch up with ham
Lingi cannot us poly : law prople/ law profects us. Anb.
Do we change now?
- us Amb bruved as capture of DCG.
- be Allenon disagrees.
Gvamajo wins. Namination es Gramajo problem.
7) Apportnb of next. VMOD : menagement + mendaya =
21 will There be 6 there wattern privde-sath & mitting ?
3) Satadorn the Schoolarm statem
CON IDENTIAL
June 26, 1989
SECRET/SENSITIVE
Subject: Guatemala: Interagency Discussion = Suggested Agenda
I. Post-Coup Situation: Where are we heading?
A. Prospects for Continuation of Democratic Transition.
-- Where/when will next challenges arise?
--- Gramajo' Tenure - Hector's nine lives?
--- Cabrera's Candidacy
O
Derogatory smoke? Information - more than a whiff of
O
His competition
-- Other Key Considerations
B. What does Cerezo need to do?
-- What is he likely to do?
II. Pros and Cons of USG actions/inaction
A. What is our ability/inability to affect the situation?
B. Checklist of possible recommendations to Assistant
Secretary Aronson
SECRET
DECLASSIFIED
DECL: OADR
PER E.O. 13526
2013-1055-MR
mull 6/13/2016
File Guart.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
June 26, 1989
The President today announced his intention to nominate Thomas F.
Stroock to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States of America to the Republic of Guatemala. He would
succeed James H. Michel.
Mr. Stroock is currently President of Alpha Exploration, Inc. and
The Stroock Leasing Corporation in Casper, Wyoming. He has also
served as Director of Key Bank of Wyoming and as Director of Key
Bancshares of Wyoming. He worked for the National Public Lands
Council, 1981-1984; National Small Business Advisory Council,
1981-1983; Director of Century Oil and Gas Co., 1976-1982. He
has served as a Member of the National Petroleum Council,
1970-1977; and Director of Mid-America/Great Plains Financial
Corporation, 1967-1973; and Director of the Wycom Corporation,
1968-1975.
Mr. Stroock was graduated from Yale University (B.A., 1948). He
was born October 10, 1925 in New York City. He is married, has
four children and resides in Casper, Wyoming. He served in the
United States Marine Corps, 1943-1946.
###
PACKET
FROM
File:
THE WHITE HOUSE
Guatamale
WASHINGTON, D.C.
The Honorable Thomas Ludlow Ashley
Association of Bank Holding Companies
730 15th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
PERSONAL
6-19-89
Dear Lud,
Just to follow up on
the Blahe case, Tour S erooch
whom you know is up to speed. he
He will be calling you and
will follow up as best he can. GB,
From the desk of
George Bush
/
Mail to Led
2 give CC lo
Brent along
outh dusion mm
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF IDENTIAL
3992
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 12, 1989
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
ACTION
2005-1062-MR
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
SES 5/25/11
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
IX
SUBJECT:
Response to Your Inquiry Concerning the
Investigation by the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala of
the Disappearance of Nicholas Blake
Purpose
To respond to your inquiry concerning the status of the
investigation by the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala concerning the
disappearance in 1985 of Nicholas Blake.
Background
Thomas Ludlow Ashley has sent you a letter from Randy Blake,
brother of Nicholas Blake, who disappeared in the western
highlands of Guatemala four years ago (Tab B). The U.S. Embassy
assisted Blake and his father during their visit in, late April,
but they want us to press the Guatemalan government harder for
information. You have asked me to provide an update and to "give
the system a kick" to further the investigation (Tab C).
As background, Nicholas Blake was a journalist with a particular
interest in the Guatemalan guerrillas. He and another American--
a long-time resident of Guatemala--ignored warnings about the
danger in the area they intended to enter and subsequently
disappeared without a trace. We have no way of knowing whether
they were killed by the guerrillas, the military, or members of
the government's civil defense patrols, and the Embassy is unable
to even make an educated guess.
The Embassy has followed every lead in this case, including
making representations to President Cerezo and Defense Minister
Gramajo, but the responsiveness of the Guatemalans has been
disappointing. Blake correctly recounts how the Guatemalan
military has promised to give the Embassy a list of members of
the civil defense patrol who were on duty in the region at the
time. It has failed to comply, despite Embassy follow-up.
In the last several days, the Embassy has delivered to the head
of Guatemalan military intelligence photographs--taken by an
informant-of a patrol member alleged to be involved in the
disappearance. The Guatemalan colonel has promised to search for
the man and bring him in for questioning.
CONFIDENTIAL
CC: Vice President
Declassify on: OADR
Chief of Staff
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONE IDENTIAL
2
Ambassador Michel intends to raise the Blake case at the highest
levels of the Guatemalan government in the next few days, as he
has done on previous occasions. Our defense attache will also
contact the Guatemalan military. U.S. Ambassador Designate
Thomas Stroock has been informed of the case and will make a
point to keep pressure on. He will call Lud Ashley, an old
friend from Yale, on Thursday.
Although I am confident that our Embassy will do the best it can,
my view, and that of the State Department, is that this tragedy
has all the hallmarks of being an unsolvable case. Even assuming
that we receive full cooperation from the Guatemalans, the new
leads seem unlikely to be sufficient to lead to an arrest and
conviction.
RECOMMENDATION
That you permit Tom Stroock to get back to Lud Ashley on your
behalf.
Approve Vab
Disapprove
Alternatively, that you telephone Lud Ashley, using the points to
be made at Tab A.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab A
Points To Be Made
Tab B
Ashley Memorandum to the President, with Enclosure
Tab C
Memorandum from the President to rutin Scowcroft
for
Now: summelind Lud The No stroch the best
two A care.
is
as
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
3992
POINTS TO BE MADE FOR TELEPHONE CALL TO
THOMAS LUDLOW ASHLEY
--
I am calling in response to your letter of a few weeks back
on the Blake case.
I have had Brent Scowcroft inquire about any new information
on the letter that you forwarded me from Randy Blake.
--
The Guatemalan military still has not provided the Embassy
with a list of the civil defense patrol members in the area
at the time of the disappearance.
The Embassy gave the head of military intelligence, Colonel
Ortega, a photograph of a patrol member alleged to be
involved in the disappearance and he has promised to search
for him and bring him in for questioning.
Ambassador Michel is going to bring this up again with
President Cerezo and the Defense Minister.
My Ambassador Designate, Tom Stroock, has been informed of
this and he will keep the heat on the Guatemalans.
I am confident that the Embassy will follow up every lead,
but I am not sure that they will be able to produce the kind
of evidence that could lead to an arrest and conviction--
even if Cerezo and the military cooperate totally.
Please let Randy Blake know that we will do all that we can.
ASSOCIATION of BANK HOLDING COMPANIES
THOMAS LUDLOW ASHLEY
730 FIFTEENTH STREET. N.W., WASHINGTON D.C. 20005
PRESIDENT
(202) 393-1158
May 9, 1989
To:
President George H. W. Bush
From:
Thomas Ludlow Ashley
Re:
Blake matter; other
1. Attached is an update from Randy Blake, the brother of Nick
Blake who disappeared in Guatemala. I thought you might want to pass
it along to whomever is checking into this for you.
2. If you need me to take on any kind of assignment, holler.
I have a lot of flexibility in my current position.
Enclosure
To:
Thomas L. Ashley
From:
Randy Blake PB
Subject:
Update on Recent Trip to Guatemala
Date:
May 4, 1989
As I mentioned, my father and I traveled to Guatemala on April 20-23 to meet
with the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala, as well as other meetings. The following is
an update on the results from that trip.
Meeting with U.S. Embassy
On April 21, my father and I met with U.S. Ambassador Jim Michel,
U.S. Military Attache Colonel George Hooker, Consul General Phil Jones, and
Consul Rick Ricardo to receive an update on the progress of their
investigation of my brother's disappearance. We discussed the following topics:
A. Status of their Request for Civil Patrol List
As we mentioned, our embassy has requested since December 1988 a roster of the
civil patrol members from the area where my brother disappeared. They believe
that this roster will assist them in proving that the suspects who have been
named by our source actually live in that town of E1 Llano.
In late December 1988, Colonel Hooker questioned the leader of the civil
patrol from E1 Llano, who has been implicated in the incident by our source. He
claimed that those men did not exist, and thus could not have killed my
brother. The Embassy has requested the list from the highest levels of the
Guatemalan military. So far, they have not received it. Both the Ambassador and
Colonel George Hooker believe that the Guatemalans are purposely delaying
getting this list.
We pointed out that this list could be easily changed to remove these names
However, the Ambassador and Colonel Hooker believe that if they obtain this
list, and it does have those names on it, then this is the surest way to prov.
that the civil patrol leader in El Llano is lying. Additionally, their
Guatemalan Army contacts have stated that if those names are on the list, then
they will put together a search party to pick them up.
B. Discussion of President Bush's Involvement
We discussed the possibility that President Bush, or his staff, may provide
assistance on the case. I discussed our attempts, (through you), to make
-2-
President Bush aware of our current predicament and to seek his or the White
House staff's involvement in the case. The Ambassador stated that he would
welcome the President's involvement and said that his direct contact with
President Venicio Cerezo of Guatemala would be very helpful.
Meeting with Colonel Ortega
On April 22, my father and I met with Colonel Hooker and the Chief of the
Guatemalan Army Intelligence Service (G-2), Colonel "Paco" Ortega. Colonel
Ortega is the principal Army contact that Colonel Hooker has dealt with over
the last year on this case, in addition to Guatemalan Minister of Defense
Hector Gramajo.
Col. Ortega stated that he would get the civil patrol roster the following
week, stating that he did not think that there would be a problem. We also
discussed whether this investigation would cause problems for the Army in this
area, since they rely upon the civil patrol so much for their basic counter-
insurgency system. He said that this would not be any real factor in their
ability to move. Col. Ortega stated that if it was established that these men
who were named by our contact existed, he would put together a detachment of
troops from the area, along with the police to pick these men up.
Recent Follow-Up with U.S. Embassy
Since our trip, I have been in contact with Consul General Phil Jones about the
status of their request for the civil patrol roster. I spoke with Mr. Jones as
recently as May 4. They still have not obtained the list from Colonel
Ortega. I have expressed my reservations to Mr. Jones about the efficacy of
continuing to wait much longer for a list that was requested over 5 months
ago. I also emphasized that a roster of names should not be the determining
factor for action that could have taken place one year ago.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE:
May 22, 1989
FROM THE PRESIDENT
To:
Brent Scowcroft
Awhile back I sent you a memo from Lud Ashley
regarding the Blake case in Nicaragua. Here
is a new letter on the case.
'I need to get back soon to Mr. Ashley on
this. Please give the system a kick.
cc: Johns Sununu
Jim Cicconi
3992
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 23, 1989
TO:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
FROM: JAMES W. CICCONI
Assistant to the President and
Deputy to the Chief of Staff
Please provide status report to
the President by COB tomorrow.
He should be able to call Ashley
before leaving for NATO.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF
IDENTIAL
3992
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
May 25, 1989
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
PER NSC DECLASSIFIED WAIVER, 1500 2021-02
THROUGH:
EVERETT E. BRIGGS
Q,
By SS NARA, Date 9/26/24
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLIAP
SUBJECT:
Response to the President's Request for
Information on the Disappearance of Nicholas Blake
An old friend of the President, Thomas Ludlow Ashley, has
forwarded to him a memo from Randy Blake explaining the status of
U.S. assistance in investigating the 1985 disappearance of his
brother Nicholas in Guatemala (Tab B). The President sent you
this correspondence with a note saying he wanted you to "give the
system a kick" so he could get back to Ashley soon (Tab C).
Your memorandum to the President at Tab I gives background on the
case and says that Ambassador Michel will raise the issue with
President Cerezo and the Minister of Defense within the next few
days. The memorandum also says that the U.S. Ambassador-
designate to Guatemala Thomas Stroock, who is in Washington
consulting with the State Department, intends to call Lud Ashley
himself on this matter. (Stroock is an old Yale friend of
Ashley.)
The package also includes talking points for the President in the
event he wishes to call Ashley himself.
For your information, this tragedy has all the hallmarks of an
unsolvable case. No trace of Blake and a companion have been
found. Although new leads have been developed, they are unlikely
to produce the type of evidence needed for an arrest and
conviction. In addition, the State Department is concerned that
additional information is being generated by people who are
interested in visas or other favors from the U.S. Government.
RECOMMENDATION:
That you approve the memorandum to the President at Tab I.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I
Scowcroft Memorandum to the President
Tab A
Points to be Made
Tab B
Ashley Letter to the President with Enclosure
Tab C
Note from the President to Scowcroft
CONF
IDENTIAL
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
The / Geratands
JUN - 9 1989
HEMORANDUM FOR: THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
James A. Baker, III
SUBJECT:
Nomination of Thomas F. Stroock as Ambassador
to the Republic of Guatemala
Attached for your approval is the nomination of Thomas F.
Stroock, of Wyoming, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni-
potentiary to the Republic of Guatemala. He would succeed
James B. Michel.
Agreement to Mr. Stroock's appointment has been received
from the Government of Guatemala.
Mr. Stroock has been accorded security clearance based upon
a full field investigation by the Department's Bureau of
Diplomatic Security. All questions relating to potential
conflict of interest have been resolved.
Attachments:
1. Nomination
2. Biographic sketch
JUN - 9 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR THE HONORABLE CHASE UNTERNEYER
THE WHITE HOUSE
Subject: Nomination of Thomas F. Stroock as Ambassador to the
Republic of Guatemala
Transmitted herewith is a Memorandum for the President
transmitting the nomination of Thomas F. Stroock, of Wyoming,
as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United
States of America to the Republic of Guatemala. He would
succeed James H. Michel.
Attached is a draft press release to be used at the time of
announcement of the nomination. We would appreciate twenty-
four hours advance notice of the announcement in order to
advise the Government of Guatemala.
Attached also is the report you will wish to forward to the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee regarding demonstrated com-
petence of this nominee.
Matthew D. Smith
Special Assistant
Attachments:
As stated.
PER/FCA/PAS:SCBisdee
6/1/89 x73294 #0073B
THOMAS F. STROOCK
Position for which considered: Ambassador to the Republic of
Guatemala
Present Position:
Vice President, Wyoming State
Senate; President, Alpha
Exploration, Inc.
Office Address:
P. O. Box 2875
Casper, Wyoming 82602-2875
Date/Place of Birth:
October 10, 1925
New York, New York
Legal Residence:
Wyoming
Marital Status:
Married
Name of Spouse:
Marta Freyre de Andrade Stroock
Names of Children:
Margaret Stroock LOW
Sandra Stroock Leotta
Anne Marie Stroock
Education:
B.A., Yale University, 1948
Language Ability:
Spanish
Military:
1943-46
U.S. Marine Corps
Experience:
Non-Government:
1948-52
Landman, Stanolind oil & Gas Company
1952-present
President, Stroock Leasing Corp
1967-present
Director, Key Bank of Wyoming
1978-present
Director, Key Bancshares of Wyoming
1980-present
President, Alpha Exploration, Inc.
Federal/State Government:
1970-77
Member, National Petroleum Council
1979-present
State Senator, Wyoming State Senate
1980-present
Chairman, Sierra Madre Foundation for
Geological Research
1981-83
National Small Business Advisory Council
1981-84
National Public Lands Council
1982-present
Chairman, Wyoming Senate Appropriations Cmte
1982-present
Co-Chairman, Wyoming Joint Legislative Appro-
priations Cmte
1983-present
Director, Ucross Foundation
June 1989 #0074B
Draft Press Release
The President has today announced his intention to nominate
Thomas F. Stroock, of Wyoming, Ambassador to the Republic of
Guatemala. He would succeed James H. Michel.
A Wyoming State Senator, Mr. Stroock serves as Chairman of the
Wyoming Senate Appropriations Committee and Co-Chairman of the
Wyoming Joint Legislative Appropriations Committee. He is also
President of the Alpha Exploration, Inc.; Director, Ucross
Foundation; Chairman, Sierra Madre Foundation for Geological
Research; President, Stroock Leasing Corp.; Director, Key Bank
of Wyoming; Director, Key Bancshares of Wyoming. From 1970-77,
Mr. Stroock was a Member of the National Petroleum council;
1981-83, the National Small Business Advisory Council; 1981-84,
the National Public Lands Council; and from 1948-52 he was a
Landman, Stanolind Oil and Gas Company.
Mr. Stroock was born October 10, 1925 in New York, New York.
He served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1943-46, and he
attended Yale University and received his B.A. in 1948.
Mr. Stroock speaks fluent Spanish. Mr. Stroock is married and
has three children.
REPORT FOR THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
UNITED STATES SENATE
SUBJECT:
Ambassadorial Nomination: Certification of
Demonstrated Competence (Foreign Service
Act, Section 304 (a) (4))
POST:
Guatemala
CANDIDATE:
Thomas F. Stroock
Mr. Stroock, 63, is the president of Alpha Exploration,
Inc. and the Stroock Leasing Corporation. He is also Director
for both the First Wyoming Bank and First Wyoming Bank
Corporation. After three and one-half years of World War II
service in the Marines, Mr. Stroock began his own oil and gas
properties firm in 1952. He was a member of the National
Petroleum Council from 1970 to 1977. From 1981 to 1983, he was
a member of the National Small Business Advisory Board and also
a member of the National Public Lands Council from 1982 to 1985.
Mr. Stroock is on his fifth term as a State Senator from
Narona County. He has been president of the Casper School
Board, chairman of the Wyoming School Boards Association, and
chairman of the Wyoming Higher Education Council. In 1974, Mr.
Stroock was the Republican Party's nominee for Wyoming's
Congressional seat, and from 1975 to 1978 he was chairman of
the Wyoming Republican Party.
Mr. Stroock was graduated from Yale University in 1948 with
a B.A. in Business Administration. On a special note, Mr.
Stroock has lived in Cuba form 1947 to 1948, Argentina in 1975,
and has worked and traveled extensively in Mexico, Guatemala,
Dominican Republic, and Uruguay. He speaks, reads, and writes
fluently in Spanish. All of Mr. Stroock's state, national, and
international experience make him an exceptional candidate for
Ambassador to Venezuela.
Under Section 604 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 and the
provision of the Privacy Act of 1974, the information above
should be treated as confidential and not be released to
unauthorized parties.
File: bustanale
4724
June 8, 1989
Pacelli
EEB
WTP WTP Pathetic!
Dear Senator Stroock:
Thank you for your letter requesting an appointment with the
President when you are in Washington, June 5-June 22, for 9
series of State Department seminars and training sessions.
Although the President would enjoy visiting with you to discuss
matters relating to the new duties you'll assume upon
confirmation as Ambassador to Guatemala, we are unable to arrange
an appointment during this period of time. However, the
President appreciates your writing and sends his best wishes to
you and Mrs. Stroock as you begin your new assignment.
Sincerely,
JOSEPH W. HAGIN II
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Appointments and Scheduling
The Honorable Tem Stroock
Ambassedor-designate to the
Republic of Guatemala
Cuatemala Desk
Department of State
2201 C Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20520
CC: National Security Council
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
14. Cable
From COMUSMILGP Guatemala to Secretary of State, Re:
6/8/89
(b)(1), (b)(3)
&
Annual Integrated Assessment of Security Assistance
Guatemala [081727Z Jun 89] [FOIA RESTRICTIONS
REDACTED] (22 pp.)
Collection:
Document Declassified
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
(Document Follows)
Office:
National Security Council
By MM (NLGB) on 9/17/2015
Series:
Latin American Directorate Files
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
Date Closed:
12/7/1999
OA/ID Number:
CF00196-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
1999-0466-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
2005-1062-MR(501)
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
Released in Full
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date: 1/27/2014
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA)
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
<DIST>SIT: VAX
<PREC> IMMEDIATE<CLAS> SECRET<OSRI> RUEHGT<DTG> 081727Z JUN 89
<ORIG>FM COMUSMILGP GUATEMALA
<TO>TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC//PM/SAS/ARA//
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC//DSAA/USDP///
RUEKJCS/JCS WASHDC//SE-WHEM//
RUEADWD/CSA WASHDC
GUAT
RUENAAA/CNO WASHDC
RUEAHQA/CSAF WASHDC
RUEACMC/CMC WASHDC
RUEKJCS/DIA WASHDC
RHLBAAA/USCINCSO QUARRY HTS PM//SCJ5-SA//SCJ4//
RHWRAAA/FMTAG RANDOLPH AFB TX
RUVAFLC/DISAM WPAFB OH
RUCLMHA/CNET PENSACOLA FL
BUSH PRESIDENTIAL 501 UBRARY
RUCLAIA/CDRTRADOC FT MONROE VA
RUWMEGA/USAFSO HOWARD AFB PM
RUEOGWA/CDRUSASAALA FT CLAYTON PM//MOLA-SA//
RUCOSYA/COMUSNAVSO FT AMADOR PM
RUCLAKA/USAJFKSWC FT BRAGG NC
RUEATRS/DEPTTREAS WASHDC
<SUBJ>SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) GUATEMALA (U)
<TEXT>
*** INCOMPLETE CABLE ***
<TEXT>
s E e R E T SECTION 01 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
PASS TO ARA/CEN: D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
A. STATE 017997 DTG 200710Z JAN 89
B STATE 118129 DTG 150700Z APR 89
1. SECRET - ENTIRE TEXT.
2. THE FY 91 FMS/MAP/ESF AIASA FOR GUATEMALA IS
SUBMITTED IAW REFS A AND B.
- I. (C/F) POLICY CONSIDERATIONS U.S. POLICY IN
GUATEMALA IS TO SUPPORT AND ENCOURAGE THE PRESERVATION
OF THE ELECTED CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT. THE U.S. HAS A
CLEAR NATIONAL INTEREST IN STRENGTHENING THE ELECTED
GOVERNMENT WHICH TOOK OFFICE IN JANUARY 1986 AND IN
ENCOURAGING A SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN THE
FACE OF PERSISTENT THREATS FROM AN ENTRENCHED MARXIST
INSURGENCY AND ANTI-DEMOCRATIC RIGHT-WING EXTREMISTS.
TANGIBLE EVIDENCE OF U.S. INTEREST, SUPPORT, AND
PRESENCE CONTRIBUTES TO A COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH
THE GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT ON A BROAD RANGE OF BILATERAL
AND REGIONAL SECURITY, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES.
WE PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE U.S. PEOPLE,
POLITICAL SYSTEM AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS THROUGH A CLOSE
WORKING RELATIONSHIP. AT THE SAME TIME, WE SEEK TO
DENY THE USE OF GUATEMALA BY FORCES HOSTILE TO U.S.
INTERESTS. THE U.S. SEEKS TO ASSIST GUATEMALA'S EFFORTS
TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC STABILITY AND GROWTH.
THIS INCLUDES ENCOURAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PUBLIC
SECTOR WHICH WORKS HONESTLY AND EFFECTIVELY, AND
DECLASSIFIED
SUPPORTING A REVITALIZED PRIVATE SECTOR THAT WILL
PER E.O. 13526
ATTRACT NEW DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND EXTEND
2005-1062-MR
THE BENEFITS OF GROWTH TO PREVIOUSLY NEGLECTED RURAL
1/27/2014 MM
AREAS AND POPULATION GROUPS. WE WISH TO REDUCE
DIVERSION OF SCARCE HARD CURRENCY TO THE MILITARY FROM
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS. U.S. MILITARY
OBJECTIVES ARE TO SUPPORT THE DEMOCRATICALLY-ELECTED
GOVERNMENT AND HELP IT SUPPORT, AND BE SUPPORTED BY,
THE NATIONAL MILITARY INSTITUTION. THE U.S. INDIRECTLY
ASSISTS THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA IN THE SUCCESSFUL
PROSECUTION OF ITS COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGN THROUGH
THE REVITALIZATION OF THE ARMY'S BASIC EQUIPMENT SUCH
AS HELICOPTERS, VEHICLES, COMMUNICATIONS AND ENGINEER
EQUIPMENT. CONCURRENTLY, THIS ALLOWS SCARCE GOG
RESOURCES TO BE USED TO IMPROVE THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC
INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE COUNTRY. IT IS ALSO NECESSARY TO
ASSPMENT OF THE GUATEMALAN MILITARY'S
CAPABILITY TO PROVIDE AN ORGANIC TRAINING CAPABILITY
AND CREATE THE SKILLS REQUIRED FOR EFFICIENT OPERATION
AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT ACQUIRED FROM THE U.S.
THE U.S. ALSO DESIRES TO PROMOTE ACCEPTANCE OF U.S.
MILITARY DOCTRINE AND TACTICS BY THE GUATEMALAN ARMED
FORCES. TO DATE WE HAVE HAD ONLY A MODICUM OF SUCCESS
IN PURSUIT OF THESE OBJECTIVES DUE TO THE VERY LIMITED
FUNDING AVAILABLE. MISSION IS CONTINUING TO PLAY A
CATCH UP GAME DUE TO THE SUSPENSION OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE FOR NINE YEARS. THE CONDITION OF THE
GUATEMALAN ARMED FORCES EQUIPMENT IS SUCH THAT THERE IS
A DESPERATE NEED FOR REPAIR PARTS JUST TO KEEP THEIR
EXISTING EQUIPMENT WORKING. PRESENT LEVELS WOULD HAVE
TO BE TRIPLED TO HAVE ANY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THEIR
COUNTERINSURGENCY EFFORTS AND DEMONSTRATE SERIOUS
CONCERN AND INTEREST ON THE PART OF THE U.S.
- II. THREAT - GUATEMALA AND U.S. POLICY IS TO
BROADEN THE CENTER OF THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM, PROVIDE
GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE POPULATION TO PARTICIPATE
IN THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC MAINSTREAM, AND STRIVE
FOR GREATER TOLERANCE AND STABILITY. THIS IS
SECRET SECTION 02 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
THREATENED FROM BOTH ENDS OF THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM.
MISSION PERCEIVES THAT THERE ARE TWO MAJOR INTERNAL
THREATS WHICH POSE A PROBLEM TO THE GOG. THEY ARE:
-
A MILITARY COUP BY DISSATISFIED ARMY ELEMENTS,
STIMULATED BY ULTRA-CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC
INTERESTS.
-
MILITARY AND POLITICAL ADVANCES BY THE LEFTIST
INSURGENTS.
- A. THREAT FROM JIGHTIST EXTREMISTS. MILITARY
DISCONTENT AND DISSATISFACTION WITH WHAT MANY IN THE
OFFICER CORPS PERCEIVE AS GOG MISMANAGEMENT OF
ECONOMIC, SECURITY, AND FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES RESULTED
IN ABORTED COUP ATTEMPTS ON 11 MAY 88 AND 9 MAY 89.
ALTHOUGH ONLY A FEW OFFICERS AND UNITS WERE ACTIVELY
INVOLVED IN BOTH, THESE ATTEMPTS WERE SYMPTOMATIC OF
WIDESPREAD ANTI-DEMOCRATIC ACTIVITIES AND OF THE STILL
SHALLOW ACCEPTANCE THE NEW POLITICAL SYSTEM HAS AMONG
MORE RETROGRADE CIVILIAN AND MILITARY ELEMENTS,
INCLUDING STIMULATION OF UNREST IN THE MILITARY BY
POLITICAL EXTREMISTS WHO HAVE LITTLE HOPE OF REGAINING
POLITICAL POWER THROUGH ELECTIONS. THE IMPROVING
ECONOMIC SITUATION IS CLASSIFIED AS AN INTERNAL THREAT
BECAUSE OF THE DANGER OF PUBLIC DISSATISFACTION WHICH
MAY MANIFEST ITSELF IN THE FORM OF PUBLIC
DEMONSTRATIONS, STRIKES, AND UNREST AS THE GOG SEEKS TO
IMPLEMENT ITS SOUND ECONOMIC PROGRAM. THIS TYPE OF
ACTIVITY MAY BE GENERATED BY THE LESS ECONOMICALLY
PRIVILEGED IN THE SOCIETY, OR BY THE RELATIVELY WELL
OFF TRADITIONAL ELITE AS IT PERCEIVES AN EROSION OF ITS
BASE OF ECONOMIC CONTROL IN GUATEMALA.
- B. THREAT FROM LEFTIST EXTREMISTS. THE THREAT TO
GOG FTABILIOY FROM TEFTIST EXTREMISTS IS HHE INSURGENCY
WHICH HAS PLAGUED GUATEMALA SINCE 1960. WHILE THESE
FORCES DO NOT HAVE THE STRENGH TO OVERTHROW THE
CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT AND LACK POPULAR SUPPORT, THE GOG
IS AWARE THAT THE INSURGENTS WILL EXPAND MILITARY AREAS
OF OPERATION AT EVERY OPPORTUNITY, WHILE ALSO TRYING TO
EXPAND POLITICAL AGITATION INCLUDING PENETRATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS, LABOR AND OTHER POPULAR ORGANIZATIONS.
THE GUERRILLAS' STATED OBJECTIVES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
-
1. OVERTHROW THE GOG AND INSTALL A
MARXIST-LENINIST DICTATORSHIP.
-
2. DISCREDIT AND DEMORALIZE THE GOG AND THE
GT ARMED FORCES, INTER ALIA, BY PREVENTING AID FROM THE
U.S. AND OTHER COUNTRIES FROM ENTERING GUATEMALA.
TOWARDS THIS GOAL, VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT GROUPS
ARE USED TO MAINTAIN AN ACTIVE CAMPAIGN OF
DISINFORMATION (NEGATIVE PROPAGANDA), IN WHICH THE GOG,
AND PARTICULARLY THE MILITARY, IS CONSTANTLY ACCUSED OF
CARRYING OUT ASSORTED HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS. IN
ADDITION, INTERNAL GROUPS ARE USEDSINPAN ATTEMPT TO
CREATE A CLIMATE OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY,
AS WELL AS A SENSE OF INSECURITY AND DISRESPECT FOR
HUMAN RIGHTS IN ORDER TO DISCOURAGE PRIVATE INVESTMENT,
BOTH DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN, IN GUATEMALA.
-
3. KEEP THE GUATEMALAN ARMY BUSY WITHIN THE
COUNTRY TO PREVENT OR MINIMIZE THE POSSIBILITY OF THE
ARMY INTERVENING IN EL SALVADOR OR NICARAGUA. IN THIS,
D
THE INSURGENTS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL. SINCE THEIR
ACTIVITIES HAVE CAUSED THE ARMY TO EXPEND MOST OF ITS
RESOURCES IN COUNTERTERRORIST OPERATIONS WITHIN
NATIONAL BORDERS, LITTLE PROBABILITY OF OPERATING
BEYOND THE COUNTRY'S BORDERS EXISTS. GUATEMALA'S
S E C R E- T SECTION 03 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
CURRENT FOREIGN POLICY OF "ACTIVE NEUTRALITY" AND
NONINTERVENTION IN ARMED CONFLICTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES,
REFLECTS THE RECOGNITION THAT GUATEMALA LACKS THE
CAPACITY FOR SUCH OPERATIONS. ALTHOUGH THE SUBVERSIVES
DID NOT HAVE THE CAPACITY TO CARRY OUT MILITARY ACTIONS
IN THE CAPITAL DURING 1988, EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT
CONTINUED EFFORTS BY THE REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATION OF
THE PEOPLE IN ARMS (ORPA) TO RE-ESTABLISH A VIOLENT
URBAN FRONT MAY SUCCEED IN 1989. THE GUERRILLAS HAVE
ISSUED A NUMBER OF PROCLAMATIONS PRINTED IN THE LOCAL
PRESS, CALLING UPON "PROGRESSIVE" INDIVIDUALS AND
ORGANIZATIONS TO PRESSURE THE GOG INTO NEGOTIATING WITH
THE GUERRILLAS. SUBVERSIVE GROUPS WILL ALSO TAKE
ADVANTAGE OF ANY WEAKNESS WITHIN THE DEMOCRATIC REGIME
TO TRY TO CREATE LABOR STRIFE IN BOTH PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE SECTORS. THESE TACTICS ARE INTENDED TO (OVER)
PUBLICIZE GUERRILLA STRENGTH, HARM THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
AND ATTRACT INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION. THE FAR-LEFT
CUC (PEASANT UNITY COMMITTEE), WHICH REPORTEDLY HAS
TIES TO THE GUERRILLAS, SOUGHT TO ENCOURAGE UNREST
ALONG THE
PACIFIC COAST DURING THE SUGAR HARVEST SEASON.
BEGINNING IN 1985, THE INSURGENTS ENDEAVORED TO
ESTABLISH A CLANDESTINE RADIO STATION. THEIR EFFORTS
WERE SUCCESSFUL IN EARLY 1987 WHEN "VOZ POPULAR" MADE
ITS APPEARANCE ON THE AIR. TRANSMISSIONS ARE WEEKLY
AND BRIEF, AND APPEAR TO ORIGINATE FROM MOBILE
LOCATIONS IN THE NORTHWESTERN HIGHLANDS NEAR THE
MEXICAN BORDER.
- THE FOUR MAIN GUERRILLA GROUPS OPERATING IN
GUATEMALA ARE:
-
A. THE GUERRILLA ARMY OF THE POOR (EGP).
-
B. THE REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATION OF THE PEOPLE
IN ARMS (ORPA).
-
C. THE REBEL ARMED FORCES (FAR).
-
D. THE DISSIDENT FACTION OF THE GUATEMALAN LABOR
COMMUNIST PARTY (PGT).
AT FIDEL CASTRO'S INSISTENCE, ALL FOUR GROUPS AGREED IN
1982 TO COOPERATE AND COORDINATE THEIR ACTIVITIES
THROUGH AN UMBRELLA ENTITY CALLED THE GUATEMALAN
NATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY UNITY (URNG). IN REALITY
COORDINATION IS MINIMAL AND USUALLY EX POST FACTO. A
FACTION OF THE PGT ANNOUNCED ITS WITHDRAWAL FROM THE
URNG UMBRELLA GROUP IN 1987, BUT HAS APPARENTLY
REJOINED AS OF MARCH 1989. STANDARD GUERRILLA ACTIONS
INCLUDE: HIT AND RUN ATTACKS AGAINST ISOLATED
GOVERNMENT POSITIONS, AMBUSHES OF ARMY PATROLS, ATTACKS
ON CIVIL DEFENSE FORCES, ASSASSINATION OF GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS IN THE DEPARTMENTS, ATTACKS AGAINST PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISES AND TRANSPORTATON, AND THE
CONDUCT OF PROPAGANDA OPERATIONS. SEVERAL TIMES DURING
1986-88 THE URNG MADE PUBLIC OFFERS TO OPEN A
"DIALOGUE" WITH THE GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT. THE GOG MET
WITH THE URNG IN MADRID SPAIN IN 1987. THE URNG MERELY
REPEATED PREVIOUSLY REJECTED DEMANDS. THE GOG HAS
D
REITERATED ITS INVITATION TO THE URNG TO ABANDON ARMED
OPPOSITION AND PARTICIPATE IN THE DEMOCRATIC ELECTORAL
PROCESS. THE ONGOING NATIONAL DIALOG, A MULTISECTORAL
ATTEMPT TO RECONCILE INSTITIONAL AND SECTORAL
DIFFERENCES ORGANIZED BY THE NATIONAL RECONCILIATION
COMMISSION, HAS NOT INCLUDED THE GUERRILLAS.
THE URNG PERSISTS IN ITS COMBAT OPERATIONS AGAINST THE
GOG. THE GUATEMALAN ARMY HAS MADE GREAT PROGRESS IN
REDUCING THE LEVEL OF THE INSURGENCY DURING THE LAST
S E e R E T SECTION 04 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
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-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
SIX YEARS. IN 1988 THE ARMY HAD CONTINUED, BUT SLOW
SUCCESS. OPERATIONS AGAINST THE ORPA MOVED INTO THE
CHIMALTENANGO DEPARTMENT. COUNTER-ORPA OPERATIONS IN
SAN MARCOS AND OPERATIONS AGAINST THE EGP IN QUICHE
HAVE CONTINUED. ALTHOUGH GT ARMY TASK FORCES HAVE BEEN
DISBANDED, OPERATIONS IN THESE AREAS CONTINUE AND ARE
PROJECTED TO DO so UNTIL AT LEAST 1990. THESE
OPERATIONS ARE DESIGNED TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF
INSURGENT COMBATANTS, ELIMINATE LOGISTICAL SUPPORT, AND
RECOVER POPULAR SUPPORT IN AREAS NOW UNDER GOG
CONTROL. THE INSURGENTS ARE ON THE DEFENSIVE BUT THERE
ARE STILL APPROXIMATELY 1000-1200 ARMED INSURGENTS
REMAINING IN THE THREE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS THAT
CONSTITUTE THE INSURGENCY. THE INSURGENTS CONTINUE TO
CONDUCT SMALL SCALE HARASSMENTS AND LANDMINE AMBUSHES
IN THE MOUNTAINOUS BORDER REGIONS IN WESTERN GUATEMALA,
IN CHIMALTENANGO AND THE PETEN. ACTIVE MILITARY
PATROLLING COMBINED WITH IMPROVED CIVIL AFFAIRS
PROGRAMS OVER THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS HAVE KEPT THE
INSURGENTS ON THE RUN AND UNDERCUT WHAT ONCE MAY HAVE
BEEN SUBSTANTIAL SUPPORT AMONG THE POPULACE. THE
RETURN TO A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT HAS REMOVED MUCH OF
THE REMAINING POPULAR SUPPORT FOR THE INSURGENCY.
THOUGH THE INSURGENTS ARE CURRENTLY ON THE DEFENSIVE,
TOTAL DEFEAT OF THE INSURGENCY IS A LONG TERM PROCESS.
AS LONG AS THE INSURGENTS RECEIVE EXTERNAL SUPPORT BOTH
FINANCIALLY AND LOGISTICALLY, AND CAN COUNT ON THE
MEXICAN BORDER AREA AS A SAFEHAVEN, THE WAR COULD
CONCEIVABLY DRAG ON FOR YEARS. MEANWHILE, THE ARMED
INSURGENCY CONTINUES TO BE A DRAIN ON LIMITED GOG
RESOURCES. ALTHOUGH THE INSURGENTS CANNOT ATTAIN THEIR
STATED GOALS, THEY STILL MAINTAIN THE CAPABILITY TO
INFLICT CASUALTIES ON THE ARMY AND CIVIL DEFENSE PATROL
FORCES. THEY HAVE SHOWN LITTLE ABILITY TO ATTACK
TARGETS OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL VALUE TO THE
GOVERNMENT. DURING 1988, THE INSURGENTS, PARTICULARLY
ORPA, INCREASED ASSASSINATIONS DIRECTED AGAINST LOW
LEVEL GOG OFFICIALS (MILITARY COMMISSIONERS AND
ASSISTANTS) AND POLITICAL ACTIVISTS ON THE RIGHT.
-
A FINAL NOTE ON INTERNAL THREATS. A PERCEIVED
OR PERHAPS EVEN A REAL INCREASE IN HUMAN RIGHTS
VIOLATIONS COULD RESULT IN A CONCURRENT LOSS OF
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT AND THREATEN THIS STILL NEW
DEMOCRACY.
- D. PRESIDENT CEREZO'S ADMINISTRATION CONSIDERS THE
THREAT TO REGIONAL STABILITY POSED BY MARXIST
REVOLUTIONARY GROUPS AS THE PRINCIPAL EXTERNAL THREAT.
THE ADMINISTRATION IS AWARE OF CUBAN FINANCIAL,
LOGISTICAL AND TRAINING SUPPORT FOR INSURGENT GROUPS IN
THE AREA FACILITATED BY NICARAGUA, BUT CONSIDERS THAT
NEITHER NICARAGUA NOR CUBA POSES A DIRECT MILITARY
THREAT TO GUATEMALA AT THIS TIME. MISSION CONSIDERS
OUTSIDE SUPPORT TO DISSIDENT REBELS TO BE A LIMITED
THREAT TO THE STABILITY OF GUATEMALA. AT THE PRESENT
TIME, SUCH ASSISTANCE IS NOT CONSIDERED LARGE ENOUGH TO
CONSTITUTE A SERIOUS, IMMEDIATE THREAT. THE GOG IS
ALSO AWARE THAT THE INSURGENT GROUPS USE MEXICAN
TERRITORY TO LAUNCH OPERATIONS, PROVIDE LOGISTICS INTO
THE COUNTRY, AND AS REST AND RECUPERATION SITES. THE
GOVERNMENT DOES NOT BELIEVE, HOWEVER, THAT ANY OF
GUATEMALA'S IMMEDIATE NEIGHBORS POSES A MILITARY THREAT
TO ITS NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY. THIS SITUATION IS OPEN TO
CHANGE IF ANY OF THE NEIGHBORING NATIONS WERE TO FALL
UNDER COMMUNIST CONTROL. A REGIONAL CONFLICT IN
CENTRAL AMERICA COULD FORCE GUATEMALAN PARTICIPATION,
DESPITE THE ARMY'S LIMITED CAPACITY TO PROJECT POWER
OUTSIDE THE NATIONAL TERRITORY.
S E C R E-T SECTION 05 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
- III. ANALYSIS OF MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT
-
A. GENERAL: THE ARMED FORCES OF GUATEMALA
NUMBER APPROXIMATELY 43,000 ACTIVE DUTY MEMBERS THAT
CONSTITUTE AN ARMY AS WELL AS A SMALL AIR FORCE AND
NAVY (WHICH INCLUDES MÁRINES). THE MILITARY IS
SUBORDINATE TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC WHO IS THE
COMMANDER IN CHIEF AND EXERCISESNCONTROL THROUGH THE
MINISTER OF DEFENSE AND THE CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE
ARMY. IN GUATEMALA THE NAVY AND AIR FORCE (ABOUT 1,000
MEMBERS EACH) REMAIN SUBORDINATE TO THE ARMY. ALL
SERVICES AND MAJOR COMMANDS ARE DIRECTLY SUBORDINATE TO
THE CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE ARMY WHO EXERCISES DAY-TO-DAY
- OPERATIONAL CONTROL THROUGH THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
GENERAL STAFF, A JOINT STAFF ORGANIZATIONALLY BASED ON
AN OLDER U.S. MODEL. STAFF AND COMMAND CHANNELS PASS
THROUGH 19 MILITARY ZONES, THREE ARMY BRIGADES, THREE
AIR BASES, AND TWO NAVAL BASES TO THE HIGH COMMAND AND
ITS GENERAL STAFF. PRESIDENT CEREZO AND THE MINISTER
OF DEFENSE HAVE PLEDGED TO HELP MAKE THE GUATEMALAN
ARMED FORCES MORE PROFESSIONAL.
THIS PROFESSIONALIZATION INCLUDES MORE TRAINING COURSES
FOR OFFICERS AND AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MILITARY'S
TRANSPORTATION, ENGINEER, AND COMMUNICATIONS
CAPABILITIES. CEREZO IS AWARE OF THE MILITARY'S
CRITICAL MEDEVAC AND TROOP TRANSPORT INSUFFICIENCIES
DUE TO THE SMALL EQUIPMENT POOL, ITS AGE AND THE LACK
OF SPARE PARTS TO MAINTAIN IT. THIS IS THE FIRST AREA
THE PRESIDENT IS ATTEMPTING TO IMPROVE.
-
THE DISCOVERY OF A SPARE-PARTS THEFT RING
COMPRISING SEVERAL LOW-LEVEL GAF PERSONNEL BADLY SHOOK
LOCAL CONFIDENCE IN THE AIR FORCE AND LED TO THE EARLY
REMOVAL OF THE AIR FORCE'S COMMANDER GENERAL WOHLERS.
THE MILITARY IS PURSUING AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE
SCANDAL AND SEVERAL ARRESTS OF ACTIVE DUTY AND EX-GAF
PERSONNEL HAVE BEEN EFFECTED. ADDITIONALLY, THE
PRESIDENT SIGNED A COMMERCIAL CONTRACT WITH COLT
FIREARMS COMPANY FOR THE PURCHASE OF 15,000 M16A2
RIFLES FOR THE ARMY. SOME 10,000 RIFLES HAVE ALREADY
ARRIVED IN GUATEMALA.
-
B. (C/NF) ARMY
-
1. (C/NF) STRENGTH: ARMY PERSONNEL
STRENGTH IS APPROXIMATELY 41,569 TOTAL WITH 1,746
OFFICERS, 7,321 SPECIALISTS, AND 32,507 TROOPS.
-
2. (&) ORGANIZATION: ARMY FORCES ARE
DIVIDED INTO THE PRINCIPAL COMMANDS OF 19 MILITARY
ZONES AND THREE SPECIAL PURPOSE BRIGADES.
ADDITIONALLY, THE ARMY INCLUDES THE NORMAL COMBAT
SUPPORT AND COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ELEMENTS FOUND IN
THE U.S. ARMY.
-
(A) THE 19 MILITARY ZONES ROUGHLY
MIRROR THE 22 DEPARTMENTAL POLITICAL BOUNDARIES AND ARE
AS FOLLOWS:
MZ NO. 1: GUATEMALA
MZ NO. 302: CHIMALTENANGO/SACATEPEQUEZ
MZ NO. 4: BAJA VERAPAZ
MZ NO. 6: IZABAL (PUERTO BARRIOS)
MZ NO. 705: ZACAPA/EL PROGRESO
MZ NO. 8: CHIQUIMULA
SECRET SECTION 06 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
MZ NO. 9: JALAPA
MZ NO. 10: JUTIAPA
MZ NO. 11: SANTA ROSA
MZ NO. 1316: SUCHITEPEQUEZ/RETALHULEU
MZ NO. 14: SOLOLA
MZ NO. 1715: QUETZALTENANGO/TOTONICAPAN
MZ NO. 18: SAN MARCOS
MZ NO. 19: HUEHUETENANGO
MZ NO. 20: EL QUICHE
MZ NO. 21: ALTA VERAPAZ
MZ NO. 22: PLAYA GRANDE (ENCOMPASSES PARTS OF NORTHERN
QUICHE, AND HUEHUETENANGO)
MZ NO. 23: PETEN
-
(B) THE THREE SPECIAL PURPOSE
BRIGADES ARE THE MARISCAL ZAVALA BRIGADE AND THE HONOR
GUARD BRIGADE IN GUATEMALA CITY, AND THE AIRBORNE
BRIGADE AT SAN JOSE, ESCUINTLA. EACH OF THESE IS AN
ELITE UNIT WITH A VARIETY OF STRATIGIC CONTINGENCY
MISSIONS THAT INCLUDE NATIONAL DEFENSE AGAINST A
FOREIGN INVADER, REINFORCEMENT OF THE MILITARY ZONES AS
COUNTERINSURGENCY FORCES, AND PALACE GUARD. ALL THREE
HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED FREQUENTLY TO AUGMENT ORGANIC
MILITARY ZONE FORCES IN AREAS OF HEAVY GUERRILLA
ACTIVITY, ESPECIALLY IN MZ 1316, MZ 18, MZ 20, AND MZ
22. MOST OF THE ARMOR IN THE ARMY INVENTORY IS ORGANIC
TO THE MARISCAL ZAVALA AND HONOR GUARD BRIGADES. THESE
TWO BRIGADES WERE INSTRUMENTAL IN DEFUSING THE COUP
ATTEMPT OF MAY 9, 1989. IN 1988 TWO NEW STRATEGIC
COUNTERINSURGENCY INFANTRY BATTALIONS WERE ACTIVATED
AND ARMED WITH THE NEW M16A2 RIFLE. THESE BATTALIONS
REPORT DIRECTLY TO THE ESTADO MAYOR AND ARE CURRENTLY
LOCATED AT SANTA CRUZ DEL QUICHE AND THE MILITARY
ACADEMY FACILITIES IN SACATEPEQUEZ.
-
(C) COMBAT SUPPORT AND COMBAT
SERVICE SUPPORT ELEMENTS INCLUDE AN ENGINEER CORPS,
MOBILE MILITARY POLICE, QUARTERMASTER SERVICE, ORDNANCE
SERVICE, SIGNAL CORPS SERVICE, MEDICAL SERVICE AND
MILITARY HOSPITALS, VETERINARY SERVICE, MILITARY
FACTORIES, ADJUTANT GENERAL SERVICE, MAPPING SERVICE,
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, LEGAL DEPARTMENT, FINANCE
DEPARTMENT, PRINTING OFFICE, COMPUTER CENTER, PUBLIC
AFFAIRS OFFICE, AND A PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND
EDUCATION SYSTEM. THESE SUPPORT AGENCIES ARE
CENTRALIZED IN GUATEMALA CITY.
-
3. (C/NF) MAJOR EQUIPMENT:
-
(A) (C/NF) ARTILLERY: 58 - 105MM
HOWITZERS (M101A-U.S./M56-YUGOSLAVIAN) AND 10 - 75MM
HOWITZERS M116P (U.S.) CONSTITUTE THE ARTILLERY.
EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH TOE'S RESULTED IN 15 DESIGNATED
105MM BATTERIES OF FOUR HOWITZERS PER BATTERY BUT
RESOURCE LIMITATIONS PROBABLY PERMIT SOME 10 BATTERIES
OF 105MM AND TWO TO THREE BATTERIES OF 75MM HOWITZERS.
THE 75MM HOWITZERS ARE 30 TO 40 YEARS OLD AND MOST ARE
UNSERVICEABLE. MANY CAN BE FOUND SITTING IN MUSEUMS OR
AS DECORATIVE MONUMENTS IN FRONT OF UNIT HEADQUARTERS.
S E C R ET SECTION 07 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
SHORTCOMINGS IN MAINTENANCE, AMMUNITION, AND TRAINING
CAUSE THE EMPLOYMENT OF ARTILLERY TO BE INFREQUENT AND
UNRELIABLE. NEVERTHELESS, THE 75 MM HOWITZERS STILL IN
SERVICE ARE OFTEN PREFERRED BECAUSE OF THEIR EXCELLENT
RELIABILITY, PARTICULARLY THE AMMO.
-
(B) (C/NF) MORTARS: THE INVENTORY
INCLUDES 18 - 120MM ECIA (SPANISH) MORTARS, 14 - 4.2
INCH MORTARS (U.S.), 55 - 81MM MORTARS (U.S.), AND 474
- 60MM MORTARS (U.S., SPANISH AND GUATEMALAN)
MAINTENANCE, SPARE PARTS, AMMUNITION, AND TRAINING ARE
ALL VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE UTILIZATION OF MORTARS.
MOST MIL ZONES HAVE ORGANIC MORTARS AND THE 60MM MORTAR
IS THE BASIC FIRE SUPPORT WEAPON FOR COMBAT PATROLS IN
THE CONFLICTIVE AREAS.
I
(C) (C/NF) ARMOR: THE ARMOR
INVENTORY IS AS FOLLOWS:
10 M41 LIGHT TANKS W/76MM MAIN GUN (BE)
5 M3 LIGHT TANKS (U.S.)
10 M113/M113A1 APC'S (U.S)
- 18 ARMADILLO ARC'S (GT)
7 V100 COMMAND ARC'S (U.S.)
12 RBY MK1 (U.S.)
12 M8, ARC'S (U.S.)
4 M3A1, ARC'S
THE M41 TANKS ARE 50 PERCENT OR LESS OPERATIONAL AND IN
NEED OF MAJOR OVERHAUL. THEY WOULD BE OF QUESTIONABLE
RELIABILITY FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD. THE M3 TANKS ARE
WWII VINTAGE AND OF LIMITED USE OUTSIDE THE CAPITAL
AREA. ONLY TWO M113'S ARE CURRENTLY OPERATIONAL. THE
REMAINING EIGHT ARE SHEDULED FOR ENGINE CHANGES AND
OVERHAULS DURING 1989 WHICH SHOULD BRING THEM TO AN
OPERATIONAL STATUS. THE ARMADILLO IS A GUATEMALAN
ASSEMBLED ARMORED CAR SIMILAR TO THE V100 COMMAND.
THESE ARE USED FOR CONVOY SECURITY. THE M8 AND M3A1
ARC'S ARE OLD AND OF LIMITED UTILITY. THE M3 TANK AND
M3A1 ARC ARE NO LONGER EVEN DESCRIBED IN "JANES."
ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT INCLUDES A VARIETY OF ANTITANK
WEAPONS (30 - 105MM, 9 - 106MM, 4 - 90MM, 17 - 75MM, 53
- 57MM, 147 - 3.5 INCH), MACHINEGUNS (624 - MAG, 131 -
.50 CAL, 259 - .30 CAL), ADA (GALIL). ALL EQUIPMENT IS
GENERALLY OLD, FROM A VARIETY OF SOURCES, SUFFERING
FROM LOGISTICS PROBLEMS, AND IS OF QUESTIONABLE
SERVICEABILITY.
-
C. (C/NF) AIR FORCE (GAF)
-
1. (C/NF) PERSONNEL STRENGTH: THE
STRENGTH OF THE AIR FORCE IS APPROXIMATELY 815 WITH 215
OFFICERS AND 600 ENLISTED PERSONNEL.
-
2. (C/NF) ORGANIZATION: GAF IS A
DEPENDENT SERVICE UNDER THE CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE ARMY
AND OPERATES THREE PRIMARY AIR BASES:
(A) THE MAIN BASE AND GAF HQ IS AT
LA AURORA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, GUATEMALA CITY. IT
CONTAINS THE GREAT MAJORITY OF THE FIXED AND ROTARY
WING AIRCRAFT PLUS MAINTENANCE AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT
ELEMENTS. ALSO LOCATED AT LA AURORA IS THE MILITARY
TECHNICAL FLYING SCHOOL (ETMA) FOR MECHANICS AND OTHER
TECHNICIANS.
I
(B) SANTA ELENA AIRBASE, OFFICIALLY
KNOWN AS "TENIENTE CORONEL DANILO EUGENIO HENRY SANCHEZ
AIRBASE" IS LOCATED IN THE NORTHERN PETEN REGION AND
SERVES PRIMARILY AS A FORWARD OPERATING BASE HOSTINE A
SECRE T SECTION 08 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
MINIMAL NUMBER OF FIXED AND ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT
NORMALLY DEPLOYED FROM LA AURORA. IT CONTAINS
VIRTUALLY NO MAINTENANCE AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT ELEMENTS.
-
(C) IN APRIL 1989, RETALHULEU
AIRPORT, LOCATED IN THE SOUTHWEST DEPARTMENT OF
RETALHULEU, BECAME THE NEW HOME FOR THE MILITARY FLYING
SCHOOL (EMA) PREVIOUSLY HOUSED AT LA AURORA. IT
CONTAINS A SMALL ARRAY OF LIGHT FIXED AND ROTARY WING
AIRCRAFT USED TO CONDUCT PILOT TRAINING. IT HAS
MINIMAL MAINTENANCE AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT ELEMENTS.
3. (C/NF) AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT:
(A) (C/NF) FIXED WING: THE GAF
INVENTORY INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING FIXED WING AIRCRAFT:
-
ARAVA
6
-
CESSNA T-41A
6
-
A-37B
9 (ONE UNFLYABLE)
-
T-33
6 (UNFLAYABLE)
-
FOKKER F-27
3
-
C-47
6
-
C-12
1
I
DC-6B
1
-
CESSNA T210R
1
-
CESSNA TU206G
3
-
PC-7
8
-
PIPER' NAV 325
1
-
CESSNA 182
1
-
DUE TO THE AGE OF MOST OF THE AIRCRAFT, THE LACK OF
SPARE PARTS, THE VARIETY OF SOURCES OF SUPPLY PARTS,
AND ECONOMIC LIMITATIONS, THE OPERATIONAL READY RATE
RUNS ABOUT 50-60 PERCENT. ON 15 JANUARY 1989 THE GAF
LOST ONE A-37 BRINGING THEIR FLYABLE TOTAL TO 8. THE
PROPOSED SALE OF ONE A-37 TO REPLACE THEIR UNFLYABLE
ONE WAS DELAYED IN WASHINGTON AND ON 18 APRIL 89
GUATEMALA CANCELED THE PURCHASE REQUEST. USAF RESERVE
BATTLE DAMAGE CONTROL TEAMS HAVE BEEN TRAINING ON C-47
CORROSION CONTROL AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGE SINCE OCT 88.
AS A RESULT OF THIS TRAINING OPPORTUNITY, THREE C-47
HAVE BEEN RETURNED TO FLYABLE STATUS WITH THE PROSPECT
OF TWO MORE BY THE END OF 1989. GOG HAS REQUESTED
PRICE AND AVAILABILITY (P&A) DATA ON COMMUNICATIONS AND
NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS TO UPGRADE THE FLEET OF C-47
TRANSPORTS. THEY HAVE ALSO REQUESTED A 1.2 MILLION
DOLLAR CONTRACT TO OVERHAUL ENGINES ON THEIR ARAVA
AIRCRAFT AND P&A FOR PROCUREMENT OF EIGHT GROUND POWER
UNITS. IN LOGISTICS, GOG HAS REQUESTED A LETTER OF
ACCEPTANCE TO PURCHASE A COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEM USING
THE SUPPLY TRACKING AND REPAIRABLE RETURN (STARR)
SOFTWARE PACKAGE. THIS WILL ALLOW THE GAF TO MONITOR
REQUISITION STATUS, PLACE REQUISITIONS AND RECEIVE
FINANCIAL STATUS FROM THE USAF ILE ON A DAILY BASIS.
-
(B) (C/NF) HELICOPTERS: THE GAF
HAS THE FOLLOWING HELICOPTER RESOURCES:
-
HUGHES 500D
1
-
LAMA 315B
3 (UNFLYABLE)
-
ALOUETTE II
2 (UNFLYABLE)
-
UH-1H
5
-
BELL 212
5
-
BELL 412
5
-
BELL 206L-1
5
-
BELL 206B
7
-
SIKORSKY S-76
3
-
AGE AND SPARE PARTS PROBLEMS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF
S E e R E T SECTION 09 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
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PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
THE FIXED-WING FLEET LEAD TO THE LOW HELICOPTER
OPERATIONAL READY RATE OF 20-30 PERCENT. THE LAMAS AND
ALOUETTES ARE ALL DOWN FOR LACK OF SPARE PARTS. ALL
THE BELL 212S AND 412S WERE GROUNDED TOWARDS THE END OF
1988 FOR TWIN PACK ENGINE PROBLEMS. SOME OF THE
ENGINES ARE BEING OVERHAULED AND AS OF APRIL, SHOULD BE
RETURNED AT A RATE OF ONE PER MONTH. ON A GOOD DAY 6-8
BELL HELICOPTERS ARE AVAILABLE FOR OPERATIONS. THE GOG
RECENTLY PURCHASED 3 SIKORSKY S-76 HELICOPTERS FROM
JORDAN. THIS ADDED THE NINTH TYPE OF HELICOPTER,
WEAKENING AN ALREADY DEBILITATED LOGISTICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE. THE HELICOPTER FLEET IS WHERE THE
GREATEST GAF NEEDS LIE. GUATEMALA HAS TENTATIVE PLANS
TO PURCHASE 7 HELICOPTER IN FY 90 AND A TOTAL OF 21
HELOS IN THE NEXT 3-5 YEARS. TO OFFSET THESE ADDITIONS
AND STANDIZE THE FLEET THERE ARE PLANS TO DISPOSE OF
THE- LAMAS, ALOQUETTES, AND POSSIBLY EVEN THE BELL 412'S
IN THE NEXT 1-3 YEARS. AS STATED BEFORE, THE AIR FORCE
SPARE PARTS SCANDAL BADLY AFFECTED THE ALREADY
LOW-LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE IN THE GAF.
-
D. (C/NF) NAVY:
-
1. (C/NF) PERSONNEL STRENGTH: THE NAVY
CONSISTS OF APPROXIMATELY 1100 TOTAL PERSONNEL OF WHICH
100 ARE OFFICERS AND 1000 ARE ENLISTED PERSONNEL. THE
NAVY PROPER HAS 72 OFFICERS, 286 SAILORS, AND 74 NAVAL
POLICEMEN. THE REMAINING 28 OFFICERS AND 640 ENLISTED
ARE NAVAL INFANTRY (MARINES). MOST MARINE OFFICERS ARE
ARMY OFFICERS, A SIGNED TO THE MARINE INFANTRY BNS
(BIM) FROM TWO TO FOUR YEARS, AFTER WHICH THEY RETURN
TO THE ARMY TO FOLLOW-ON ASSIGNMENTS IN THE ARMY.
-
2. (C/NF) ORGANIZATION: THE NAVY IS A
SMALL COASTAL PATROL FORCE WITH TWO PRIMARY NAVAL
BASES, ONE AT PUERTO SANTO TOMAS DE CASTILLA (ON THE
CARIBBEAN) AND ONE ON THE PACIFIC AT PUERTO QUETZAL.
THE NAVY ALSO HAS A MARINE INFANTRY BATTALION (BIM)
ASSIGNED TO EACH COAST. THE BIM AT PUERTO QUETZAL, HAS
TROOPS DEPLOYED TO LAKE ATITLAN, SIPICATE, AND LAKE
GUIJA (EL SALVADOR BORDER). THE BIM IS ALSO ENGAGED IN
COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS. THE BIM AT SANTO TOMAS
ON THE ATLANTIC HAS ONE COMPANY AT PIPILES (CONFLUENCE
OF THE PASION AND USUMACINTA RIVERS) INVOLVED IN
COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS AND ONE COMPANY PROVIDING
SECURITY AT THE NAVAL BASE AND NEARBY DETACHMENTS. WE
EXPECT THE NAVY TO TAKE ON AN INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT
ANTI-NARCOTICS ROLE IN THE NEAR FUTURE, ESPECIALLY ON
THE ATLANTIC COAST.
I
3. (C/NF) EQUIPMENT: 1 FAST PATROL
BOAT OF 32 METERS; 10 PATROL BOATS (PB) AS FOLLOWS: 2
OF 25.9M, 5 OF 19.7M, 2 FAST TROOP CARRIERS OF 11M; 1
HYDROGRAPHIC RESEARCH CRAFT (AGS) OF 20M; 20 SMALL
PATROL CRAFT WHICH ARE ESSENTIALLY STURDY, OPEN
OUTBOARD BOATS, AND ONE 21 METER FERRY BOAT. ARMAMENT
CONSISTS OF 20MM GUNS (MADE IN 1929-1931), 12.7MM (.50
CAL) MACHINEGUNS.
-
E. (U) MARINES: SEE NAVY, ABOVE.
-
F. (C/NF) CIVIL DEFENSE FORCE:
-
1. PERSONNEL STRENGTH: THERE ARE
APPROXIMATELY 605, 000 CIVILIANS WHO BELONG TO THE CIVIL
DEFENSE FORCE. THE 1985 CONSTITUTION MADE
PARTICIPATION IN SUCH FORCES VOLUNTARY, THUS ECH
LOCALITY HAS THE OPTION TO CONTINUE ITS PATROL OR TO
DISBAND IT. A FEW TOWNS AND VILLAGES HAD STOPPED
PATROLLING BUT THE VAST MAJORITY CONTINUED THE
S
E CRET SECTION 10 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
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PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
SELF-DEFENSE PROGRAM IN 1988 AND 1989, ESPECIALLY IN
THE CONFLICTIVE HIGHLANDS AREAS.
-
2. ORGANIZATION: THE CIVIL DEFENSE
PATROLS ARE ORGANIZED AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL AND INCLUDE
NEARLY 100 PERCENT OF ABLE BODIED MALES. REPORTS
INDICATE THAT PEER PRESSURE TO JOIN CAUSES THE
"VOLUNTARY" LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION TO BE NEARLY 100
PERCENT IN SOME RURAL AREAS OF THE COUNTRY. THIS
DEFENSE FORCE IS SIMILAR TO A NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH
COMMITTEE IN THAT THE OPERATING AREA IS OFTEN LIMITED
TO VILLAGE BOUNDARIES AND THE FORCE IS LIGHTLY ARMED,
AT BEST. THE CIVIL DEFENSE FORCE REPRESENTS A SYMBOLIC
DEFENSE, OR A TRIPWIRE, AND ACTUALLY SERVES THE PRIMARY
ROLE OF ACTING AS THE EYES AND EARS OF THE ARMY. A
TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF A VILLAGE CIVIL DEFENSE FORCE MIGHT
INCLUDE SOME 150 TOTAL MEMBERS, OF WHOM 30 ARE
PERFORMING A 24-HOUR TOUR OF DUTY, AND 20 ARE ARMED
WITH AN ASSORTMENT OF FIREARMS. THE WEAPONS ARE PASSED
TO THE NEXT SHIFT OF THE PATROL. THE ARMY REMAINS
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRAINING AND DIRECTION OF THE
PATROLS. THE CIVIL DEFENSE PATROLS CONTINUE TO BE A
FOCUS OF HUMAN RIGHTS CRITICISM. IN THE SUMMER OF
1988, A LOCAL ORGANIZATION BASED IN QUICHE DEPARTMENT
WAS FORMED TO OPPOSE COERCED PARTICIPATION IN THE
PATROLS. THIS ORGANIZATION, CERJ (ASSOCIATION OF
ETHNIC COUNTRIES - EVERYONE TOGETHER): HAS ESTABLISHED
EXTENSIVE CONTACTS ABROAD WITH HUMAN RIGHTS
ORGANIZATIONS AND HAS CONTRIBUTED TO THE VERY NEGATIVE
IMAGE OF THE PATROLS.
3. EQUIPMENT: LESS THAN TWO PERCENT OF THE 605,000
MEMBERS ARE ARMED WITH MAUSERS, HUNTING RIFLES, OR
SHOTGUNS; THE REST
ARRY MACHETES OR NO WEAPON
WHATEVER. THE PERCENTAGE MAY BE AS HIGH AS 20 PERCENT
IN HEAVILY CONTESTED AREAS BUT ZERO PERCENT IN MOST
AREAS. AMMUNITION IS REPORTEDLY IN SHORT SUPPLY FOR
ALL WEAPONS.
-
G. NATIONAL POLICE:
-
1. ORGANIZATION:
-
(A) THE GUATEMALAN NATIONAL POLICE IS A
CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY, UNDER THE MINISTRY OF
THE INTERIOR. THIS AGENCY IS NOT SUPPORTED NOR
PROVIDED ANY ASSISTANCE UNDER SECURITY ASSISTANCE
(MAP/IMET) PROVIDED TO THE GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT. IT
IS ONLY INCLUDED HERE BECAUSE OF THE PRESCRIBED
FORMAT. THE CHIEF OF THE NATIONAL POLICE, HOWEVER, IS
GENERALLY AN ACTIVE DUTY MILITARY OFFICER ON DETACHED
SERVICE. THE GUATEMALAN POLICE IS NEITHER WELL TRAINED
NOR WELL EQUIPPED. THE PAY FOR OFFICERS IS LOW, EVEN
BY GUATEMALAN STANDARDS. EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS TO
JOIN THE FORCE HAVE BEEN LARGELY NONEXISTENT BUT
EFFORTS ARE BEING MADE TO UPGRADE THEM. A PROFESSIONAL
DETECTIVE FORCE IS BEING DEVELOPED. CONTINUING
PROBLEMS ARE A LOW LEVEL OF PROFESSIONALISM, INADEQUATE
INVESTIGATORY FACILITIES, AND EQUIPMENT SHORTAGES.
WHILE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS ARE BEING TAKEN IN ALL THESE
AREAS, PROGRESS IS SLOW.
-
(B) THE CEREZO GOVERNMENT DISMANTLED THE
CONTROVERSIAL TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIVE POLICE (DIT) IN
1986 AND HAS VOWED TO CLEAN UP CORRUPTION WITHIN THE
NATIONAL POLICE (PN). PN REACTION TO CEREZO'S ELECTION
HAS BEEN POSITIVE.
-
2. PERSONNEL STRENGTH:
S ECRET SECTION 11 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
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SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
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PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
-
THE NATIONAL POLICE HAS APPROXIMATELY
10,700 MEMBERS, ALTHOUGH STUDIES CONDUCTED BY THE
MINISTRY OF INTERIOR INDICATE THE POLICE FORCE SHOULD
NUMBER APPROXIMATELY 23,000 OFFICERS.
3. EQUIPMENT:
-
THE FORCE WAS BADLY EQUIPPED, HAVING UNTIL
RECENTLY LESS THAN 130 PATROL CARS FOR THE WHOLE
COUNTRY. THE PN RECENTLY ACQUIRED 5 BUSES, 58
MOTORCYCLES AND 60 RADIO PATROL VEHICLES FROM THE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY. ALSO RECEIVED WERE 110
AUTOMOBILES FROM SPAIN AND 71 PATROLS CARS AND 25 VANS
FROM MEXICO. IT LACKS MOST BASIC INVESTIGATORY
FACILITIES, INCLUDING BALLISTICS, FORENSIC, AND OTHER
LABORATORIES. IT DOES NOT HAVE EITHER A BOMB DISPOSAL
NOR HOSTAGE RESCUE UNIT. IT ALSO LACKS COMMUNICATIONS
AND SURVEILLANCE EQUIPMENT, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE GETTING
SOME HELP FROM THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, SPAIN,
MEXICO, VENEZUELA, AND THE U.S.
- H. GOALS (MODERNIZATION, SUSTAINING, AND
RESTRUCTURING)
:
-
1. GENERAL - THE MAJOR GOALS OF THE GT ARMED
FORCES ARE TO DEFEND AND SUPPORT THE DEMOCRATIC
PROCESS, SUCCESSFULLY PROSECUTE THE COUNTERINSURGENCY
AND INCREASE THE OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF EQUIPMENT ON
HAND. IN ORDER TO DO THAT SPECIFIC GOALS ARE:
-
(A) REPAIR AND MAINTAIN MAJOR ITEMS OF
EQUIPMENT ALREADY ON HAND.
-
(B) REPAIR, REPLACE AND IMPROVE
COMMUNICATIONS FOR BETTER COMMAND AND CONTROL.
-
(C) INCREASE AIR AND GROUND MOBILITY
CAPABILITY.
-
(D) IMPROVE THE GENERAL WELFARE OF ASSIGNED
PERSONNEL BY SUPPLYING BASIC NEEDS PRESENTLY LACKING.
-
(E) UPGRADE ANTIQUATED EQUIPMENT TO MEET
THE MINIMUM LEVEL OF SUSTAINED OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY.
-
2. ARMY - THE SPECIFIC ARMY GOALS ARE:
-
(A) REPAIR AND MAINTAIN ORGANIC VEHICLES
FOR IMPROVED GROUND MOBILITY.
-
(B) REPLACE IRREPARABLE AND INADEQUATE
VEHICLES.
-
(C) REPAIR AND MAINTAIN ON-HAND ENGINEER
EQUIPMENT ACCORDING TO THE ENGINEER PLAN.
-
(D) UPGRADE THE CORPS OF ENGINEER
CAPABILITY THROUGH ACQUISITION OF ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT
ACCORDING TO THE ENGINEER PLAN.
I
(E) IMPROVE THE WELFARE OF ASSIGNED
PERSONNEL THROUGH ACQUISITION OF
-
(1) INDIVIDUAL CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT.
-
(2) ACQUISITION OF HOSPITAL AND
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT TO PROVIDE BETTER MEDICAL CARE IN THE
FIELD.
-
(3) OBTAIN THE MEDICAL SUPPLIES
5
E € R E T SECTION 13 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
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PASS TO ARA/CEN:D. MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
ROLES AND MISSIONS.
6. SELF DEFENSE FORCE:
-
(A) IMPROVE TRAINING.
-
(B) ACQUIRE NECESSARY ARMS AND MUNITIONS.
I
(C) IMPROVE ORGANIZATION.
-
7. NATIONAL POLICE:
-
(A) INCREASE SIZE TO COPE WITH REQUIREMENTS.
-
(B) ACQUIRE ESSENTIAL BASIC EQUIPMENT.
-
(c) REORGANIZE AT THE NATIONAL AND
REGIONAL LEVELS.
-
(D) ELIMINATE CORRUPT PRACTICES:
-
(E) PROFESSIONALIZE THE NEW INVESTIGATIVE
UNIT.
-
(F) IMPROVE TRAINING IN INVESTIGATIVE
TECHNIQUES AND LEGAL PROCEDURES AT ALL LEVELS.
- IV. ANALYSIS OF DEFENSE SPENDING: TO REVERSE AN
ECONOMIC DECLINE BETWEEN 1981 AND 1986, THE CEREZO
GOVERNMENT ADOPTED AN ECONOMIC PROGRAM WHICH
ELIMINATED, OVER TIME, A MULTIPLE EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM,
RESTRICTED MONETARY AND CREDIT GROWTH, LIFTED PRICE
CONTROLS, ADOPTED NEW TAXES, AND PROMOTED NEW
INVESTMENTS AND EXPORTS. THE PROGRAN HAS SHOWN SUCCESS
IN REDUCING INFLATION, STIMULATING INVESTMENT AND
CAPITAL REPATRIATION AND INCREASING NON-TRADITIONAL
EXPORTS SUCH AS WINTER VEGETABLES AND CLOTHING. IN
1988, REAL ECONOMIC GROWTH REACHED SOME 3.5 PERCENT
FOLLOWING A GROWTH OF 3.1 PERCENT IN 1987. RELATIONS
BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY,
WHICH HAD DETERIORATED IN LATE 1987 OVER TAX REFORM
ISSUES, TOOK A TURN FOR THE BETTER IN 1988 AS THE TWO
SIDES SOUGHT A MORE COOPERATIVE COURSE. THE OUTLOOK
FOR 1989 IS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH OF ABOUT 4 PERCENT.
PROBLEMS THAT COULD HAMPER THE ECONOMY IN 1989 AND 1990
INCLUDE HEAVY DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS, SHORTAGES OF
FOREIGN EXCHANGE, AND INADEQUATE INVESTMENT TO BOOST
ECONOMIC GROWTH TO LEVELS REQUIRED TO RAISE AVERAGE
LIVING STANDARDS SIGNIFICANTLY.
-
A. (U) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES FOR 1987:
-
1. NEW EQUIPMENT: THE FIGURES PROVIDED ARE
CONSOLIDATED FOR THE ARMED FORCES AS THE AF AND NAVY
ARE PART OF THE ARMY. DURING CY 87 THE GT ARMED FORCES
DID NOT PURCHASE ANY SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF
EQUIPMENT. APPROXIMATELY 2 PERCENT OF THE BUDGET WAS
USED TO OBTAIN MATERIALS TO SUSTAIN THE ARMY IN THE
FIELD.
-
2. MODIFICATIONS: 1 PERCENT $1.04 MILLION.
THE MOD ALLOCATED ONE PERCENT OF THE DEFENSE BUDGET FOR
MODIFICATION OF GROUND MOBILITY EQUIPMENT. SIGNIFICANT
MODIFICATIONS WERE MADE IN THE CHANGEOVER TO DIESEL
ENGINES (PERKINS ENGINES) OF MANY TRUCKS AND BUSSES.
ALSO THE ARMORING OF THE SIDES OF SOME 2 1/2T TRUCKS.
-
3. OPERATIONS: 35 PERCENT $36.48 MILLION.
THE MOD ALLOCATED A CONSIDERABLE PORTION OF THE BUDGET
FOR THE CONDUCT OF ANTI-GUERRILLA OPERATIONS. THERE
SECRET SECTION 14 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
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PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
WAS A NOTABLE SURGE IN THE NUMBER OF OPERATIONS
ESPECIALLY AGAINST THE EGP AND ORPA.
-
4. MAINTENANCE: 7 PERCENT $7.30 MILLION.
THE LOW ALLOCATION OF SEVEN PERCENT FOR MAINTENANCE IS
INDICATIVE OF THE LOW LEVEL OF READINESS OF THE
EQUIPMENT FOUND IN THE ARMED FORCES. LACK OF FUNDS
FORCES THEM TO CUT CORNERS.
-
5. CONSTRUCTION: 6 PERCENT $6.25 MILLION.
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION CONTINUES THROUGHOUT ALL THE
MILITARY ZONES TO PROVIDE BARRACKS AND HQS BUILDINGS.
NEW CONSTRUCTION IS VISIBLE IN NEARLY ALL OF THE
MILITARY ZONES WITH SIX PERCENT OF THE BUDGET BEING
SPENT ON THESE.
-
6. TRAINING: 15 PERCENT $15.63 MILLION.
THE TRAINING OF THREE THOUSAND NEW RECRUITS PER YEAR,
THE RETRAINING OF TACTICAL UNITS AND THE OPERATION OF
SERVICE SCHOOLS GETS HIGH PRIORITY IN THE GT ARMED
FORCES.
-
7. SERVICES: 7 PERCENT $7.30 MILLION. THE
EXPENDITURE FOR SERVICES OF SEVEN PERCENT OF THE BUDGET
INDICATES THE HIGH COST OF IMPORTED GOODS NEEDED TO
PERFORM THESE SERVICES. MEDICINE, PAPER, FILM, AND
TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT HAVE TO BE IMPORTED TO SUPPORT THE
MILITARY SERVICES.
8. R AND D: NO EXPENDITURES.
-
9. MUNITIONS AND WAR RESERVES: THE
GUATEMALAN OPERATE THEIR OWN ARMS FACTORY FOR MUNITIONS
FOR THEIR GALILL RIFLE. THE REST THEY BUY FROM BRAZIL
DR ARGENTINA. COST OF OPERATING THE FACTORY IS UNKNOWN
AT THIS TIME. FIGURES FOR THE AMOUNT SPENT ON ARMS
FROM 3RD COUNTRY IS UNAVAILABLE.
-
10. SPARE PARTS: 6 PERCENT $6.25 MILLION.
THE HIGH COST OF IMPORTING SPARE PARTS FORCES THE GT
ARMED FORCES TO HAVE MUCH OF THEIR EQUIPMENT OUT OF
SERVICE. LIMITED FUNDS AND HIGHER PRIORITIES SUCH AS
OPERATIONS, TRAINING, AND PAY USE UP MOST OF THE
AVAILABLE FUNDING. IN 1987 THE MOD ALLOCATED SOME
SEVEN PERCENT OF THE BUDGET TO THE ACQUISITION OF PARTS.
-
11. MILITARY PAY: 17 PERCENT 17.72
MILLION. THE MILITARY PAY TAKES UP APPROXIMATELY 17
PERCENT OF THE BUDGET, WHICH IS CONSIDERABLY LOWER THAN
THE 42 PERCENT PROGRAMMED FOR US FORCES. MILITARY PAY
INCLUDES SPECIALTY AND HAZARDOUS DUTY PAY.
-
12. CIVILIAN PAY: 3 PERCENT $3.13
MILLION. CIVILIAN PAY IN 1987 WAS THREE PERCENT OF THE
BUDGET.
-
13. RESERVES: 1 PERCENT $1.04 MILLION.
THE COST OF MAINTAINING A SMALL ARMY RESERVE (ONE
COMPANY PER MILITARY ZONE EXCEPT IN GUATEMALA CITY
WHERE THEY HAVE A BN) PLUS THE 721,000 LARGELY UNPAID
SELF DEFENSE CIVIL PATROLS AND AIR RESERVES, CONSUMES
ONE PERCENT OF THE BUDGET.
-
14. TOTALS 100 PERCENT BUDGET $104.22
MILLION.
-
B. (U) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES FOR 1988:
SPECIFIC SPENDING FIGURES FOR 1988 ARE NOT AVAILABLE
BUT ARE CONSIDERED TO BE SLIGHTLY ABOVE 1987 LEVELS
S E e R E-T SECTION 15 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
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PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
WHICH ARE OUTLINED ABOVE. THE 1988 CATEGORIES ARE NOT
THE SAME AS FOR 1987; E.G., SALARIES IN 1988
INCORPORATES WHAT WAS HANDLED IN THE CATEGORIES OF
CIVILIAN PAY, RESERVES, TRAINING, AND SOME SERVICES IN
1987.
-
SALARIES
41.12 PERCENT
-
OTHER SERVICES
1.75 PERCENT
-
SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS
27.72 PERCENT
-
OPERATIONS
24.14 PERCENT
-
OTHER
1.64 PERCENT
-
REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION
0.25 PERCENT
-
EQUIPMENT MACHINERY
1.07 PERCENT
-
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
2.31 PERCENT
-
C. MILITARY SPENDING AS PERCENT OF GDP FOR YEARS
WAS 1.7 AND 1.4 PERCENT IN 1987 AND 1988 RESPECTIVELY.
-
D. MILITARY IMPORTS THIRD COUNTRY:
-
1. TOTAL VALUE IN USD: 5 MILLION
-
2. PERCENT OF TOTAL IMPORTS: UNK
-
E. THIRD COUNTRY SECURITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS:
-
1. VENEZUELA:
(A) TYPE: TRAINING
(B) VALUE IN USD: UNKNOWN
-
(C) TYPE FINANCING: UNKNOWN
-
(D) COMMENTS: VARIOUS SCHOOL LEVELS FROM
CADETS THROUGH COMMAND AND STAFF.
-
2. TAIWAN:
-
(A) TYPE: TRAINING/MATERIAL (3 UH-1H
HELICOPTERS, 3 T-33 AIRCRAFT.
-
(B) VALUE IN USD: UNKNOWN
-
(C) TYPE FINANCING: FREE TUITION, NO
TRANSPORTATION OR LIVING ALLOWANCE/UNKNOWN BUT BELIEVED
MAP TYPE ASSISTANCE.
3. JORDAN:
-
(A) TYPE: 3 SIKORSKY S-76 HELICOPTERS.
-
(B) VALUE IN USD: 5 MILLION
I
(C) TYPE FINANCING: CASH
-
V. ARMS CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS:
-
A. (U) ANTICIPATED ACQUISITIONS IMPACT ON
REGIONAL ARMS CONTROL: NONE.
-
B. (U) ANTICIPATED ACQUISITIONS IMPACT ON
REGIONAL STABILITY: GUATEMALA MAINTAINS FRIENDLY,
NORMAL RELATIONS WITH THE BORDERING COUNTRIES OF
MEXICO, EL SALVADOR AND HONDURAS. WHILE THE BORDER
QUESTION WITH BELIZE REMAINS UNRESOLVED, A JOINT
COMMISSION HAS BEEN FORMED TO FIND A SETTLEMENT.
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE UK WERE RESTORED IN
DECEMBER 1986 BUT THE GOG HAS NOT RECOGNIZED THE
INDEPENDENCE OF BELIZE. REGIONAL ARMS STABILITY WILL
NOT BE AFFECTED BY GUATEMALA'S ACQUISITION OF ITS
S ECRET SECTION 16 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
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PASS TO ARJXCEN: D. MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
PRIMARY EQUIPMENT NEEDS. THIS EQUIPMENT IS NON-LETHAL
IN NATURE, AND WILL BE USED TO SUPPORT ONGOING
COUNTERINSURGENCY EFFORTS WHICH INCLUDE A WIDE RANGE OF
CIVIC ACTION PROJECTS. THE MAJORITY OF THE EQUIPMENT
WILL BE FOR TRANSPORT, ENGINEERING, COMMUNICATIONS, OR
MEDICAL. THE GOG'S MILITARY CAPABILITY WILL NOT BE
SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED VIS-A-VIS ANY OF ITS NEIGHBORS.
THE PRESIDENT IS IN THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING SOME
15,000 M-16A2 TO REPLACE THE WORN OUT GALIL RIFLE WHICH
IS STANDARD IN THE ARMY. THIS ACQUISITION WILL NOT
AFFECT REGIONAL ARMS STABILITY.
- VI. HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION:
-
A DETAILED AND COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE
CURRENT HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN GUATEMALA IS
AVAILABLE IN THE 1988 REPORT RELEASED BY THE US
CONGRESS IN FEBRUARY 1989. THE GOG HAS BEEN INFORMED
AND UNDERSTANDS THAT SECURITY ASSISTANCE IS CONTINGENT
UPON THE MAINTENANCE OF A DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED
GOVERNMENT AND CONTINUED IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BROAD
RANGE OF HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES. FOLLOWING THE TRENDS
THAT HAVE BEEN PRESENT SINCE 1984, IT IS EXPECTED THAT
THE CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT WILL CONTINUE EFFORTS TO
INCREASE RESPECT FOR PERSONAL, CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS AND TO ENHANCE ECONOMIC OPPPORTUNITY FOR ALL
GUATEMALAN CITIZENS.
- VII. STATUS OF SECURITY ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS:
-
A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: THE GOG IS STILL
RECOVERING FROM THE SUSPENSION OF U.S. ASSISTANCE
BETWEEN 1977 AND 1985. THE LACK OF ASSISTANCE, AMONG
OTHER IMPACTS, SEVERLY HAMPERED THE LOGISTICS
CAPABILITIES OF THE GUATEMALAN ARMED FORCES. THE
NEWEST OF THE US EQUIPMENT FOUND IN THE GUATEMALAN
ARMED FORCES IS 14 YEARS OLD AND BY OUR STANDARDS
UNECONOMICAL TO REPAIR AND THEREFORE SHOULD BE
REPLACED. IN JANUARY 1983, THE USG AUTHORIZED A LIST
OF ITEMS OF REPAIR PARTS TO BE BOUGHT BY THE GOG UNDER
AN FMS CASH PROGRAM. A TOTAL OF 3.4M WORTH OF REPAIR
PARTS AND SERVICES WERE BOUGHT UNDER THAT CASE. IN FY
86, THE USG GRANTED THE GOG 5M DOLLARS IN MAP FUNDS.
THOSE FUNDS WERE USED TO PROCURE REPAIR PARTS FOR
HELICOPTERS AND TACTICAL VEHICLES AND THE PURCHASE OF
40 REBUILT 2 1/2 TON TRUCKS AND 25 REBUILT 3/4 TON
AMBULANCES. ALTHOUGH INCREASING IN STRENGTH, THE GOG'S
ECONOMY REMAINS TOO WEAK TO PROVIDE THE RESOURCES
NECESSARY TO IMPROVE THE OPERATIONAL AND READINESS
POSTURE OF THE ARMED FORCES. FIVE MILLION IN MAP WAS
AGAIN GIVEN IN FY 87. AGAIN, AIRCRAFT AND VEHICLE
SPARE PARTS WERE PURCHASED AS WELL AS ENGINEER
EQUIPMENT, NAVY PATROL BOAT AND COMMUNICATIONS SPARE
PARTS. SOME COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WERE BOUGHT TO REPLACE
OLDER VEHICLES WHICH WERE UNECONOMICAL TO REPAIR. THE
FY 88 PROGRAM WAS HIGHLIGHTED BY THE PURCHASE OF
TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND A VARIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE
EQUIPMENT TO REPLACE UNREPAIRABLE EQUIPMENT. IN FY 89
THE GT ARMY CONTINUED THE EQUIPMENT REPLACEMENT TREND
IT STARTED THE PREVIOUS YEAR AND INVESTED IN GROUND/AIR
MOBILITY, EQUIPMENT TO MANUFACTURE BOOTS AND MILITARY.
CONSTRUCTION. SPARE PARTS FOR EQUIPMENT ON HAND STILL
AMOUNTED TO APPROXIMATELY 1/3 OF THAT YEAR'S MAP PROGRAM.
-
B. IMPACT: THE FY 86-89 MAP PROGRAM HAS NOT
HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT TO THE ARMY IN THE FIELD. OF
THE 28 MILLION DOLLARS OVER THE FOUR YEARS, 8.2 MILLION
DOLLARS HAVE BEEN DELIVERED AND 19.8 DOLLARS ARE IN
DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE LOGISTICAL PIPELINE. THE
MAJORITY OF THE ITEMS RECEIVED so FAR ARE PRIMARILY
S E e R E T SECTION 17 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
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PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
SPARE PARTS FOR AIR/GROUND MOBILITY, ENGINEER REPAIR
PARTS, AND COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT (PRC-77 RADIOS).
OTHER EQUIPMENT RECEIVED INCLUDES 40 2 1/2 TON TRKS,
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES AND COUNTER MINE PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT.
- VIII. PROJECTED FY 1991 SECURITY ASSISTANCE:
-
A. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS:
1. POST STRONGLY PROPOSES THAT THE MAP
PROGRAM FOR GUATEMALA BE INCREASED IN FY 1991. THIS
RECOMMENDATION IS MADE IN LIGHT OF THE GUATEMALAN
ECONOMY AND THE NEED SIMULTANEOUSLY TO LIMIT PUBLIC
SECTOR EXPENDITURES AND TO MAINTAIN A PROFESSIONAL ARMY
THAT IS APOLITICAL AND CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING
GUATEMALA'S DEVELOPING DEMOCRACY. CURRENT STOCKS OF
MILITARY HARDWARE AND MATERIAL ARE STILL AT DANGEROUSLY
LOW LEVELS. A GREAT DEAL OF EQUIPMENT IS UNUSABLE, IN
NEED OF EXTENSIVE REPAIRS OR BEYOND REPAIRS AND IN NEED
OF REPLACEMENT. RECENT STUDIES CONDUCTED JOINTLY BY
SOUTHERN COMMAND, THE COUNTRY TEAM AND THE GUATEMALAN
ARMY ESTABLISHED THE REQUIREMENT TO REPLACE OLD
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT AND GROUND VEHICLES , ACQUIRE
TACTICAL, OPERATIONAL, AND STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS
EQUIPMENT, AND FOCUS ALL POSSIBLE EFFORTS ON IMPROVING
AIR MOBILITY. GUATEMALA'S ECONOMIC SITUATION
EFFECTIVELY PREVENTS THAT KIND OF REPLACEMENT AND
ACQUISITION FROM BEING ACCOMPLISHED. GOG AND THE
COUNTRY TEAM CONTINUE TO WORK CLOSELY AND TO AGREE ON
THE SPECIFIC PRIORITY AREAS IN WHICH IMPROVEMENT WILL
MEET COMMON OBJECTIVES AS WELL AS BEEN OBVIOUS TO
MILITARY MEMBERS. THESE SPECIFIC AREAS ARE, AND
CONTINUE TO BE: AIR/GROUND MOBILITY, ENGINEERING,
COMMUNICATIONS, LOGISTICS, AND MEDICAL. INCREASING THE
MAP FUNDING FOR GUATEMALA FOR FY 91 WILL ADVANCE USG
INTERESTS AND ENHANCE CENTRAL AMERICAN REGIONAL
STABILITY BY PERMITTING THE GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT TO
CONTINUE REBUILDING THE ECONOMY, WHILE MORE EFFECTIVELY
COMBATTING THE EXTERNALLY SUPPORTED GUERRILLA MOVEMENT
AND INTERNAL RIGHT WING COUP INSTIGATIONS. MAP FUNDING
WITH MODERATE INCREMENTAL ANNUAL INCREASES IS STRONGLY
RECOMMENDED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS:
-
(A) IT SHOWS CONTINUED USG SUPPORT FOR THE
GUATEMALAN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT.
-
(B) IMPROVES THE PERCEPTION OF THE U.S. AS
A RELIABLE ALLY.
-
(C) PERMITS GOG TO CARRY OUT AN EFFECTIVE
COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGN.
-
(D) FACILITATES GUATEMALAN PARTICIPATION IN
JOINT REGIONAL ACTIVITIES.
-
MILITARY ASSISTANCE WOULD CONTINUE TO BE USED FOR
AQUISITION OF SPARE PARTS, SERVICES, TOOLS AND
REPLACEMENT EQUIPMENT TO PUT THE GUATEMALAN ARMED
FORCES IN A PROPER LOGISTICAL READINESS AND OPERATIONAL
POSTURE IN THE PRIORITY AREAS DESCRIBED BELOW.
-
2. AIR AND GROUND MOBILITY:
-
(A) AIR MOBILITY IS STILL IN A BUILDING
STAGE. THE GAF IS ATTEMPTING TO UPGRADE ITS HELICOPTER
FLEET IN ORDER TO PROVIDE MEDICAL AND RESUPPLY SUPPORT
AND SERVICES TO GROUND UNITS OPERATING IN ISOLATED AND
REMOTE AREAS. GUATEMALA HAS 27 HELICOPTERS OF THE
OH-58 AND UH-1 TYPE TO SUPPORT AN ARMED FORCE THREE
S E C R E T SECTION 18 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
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-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
TIMES THE SIZE OF A US INFANTRY DIVISION WHICH HAS 161
HELICOPTERS OF THOSE TYPES ALONE. THIS SMALL
HELICOPTER FLEET SUPPORTS THE ARMY, NAVY, AND AIR FORCE
PLUS SUPPORTS AN AVIATION SCHOOL. THESE HELICOPTERS
ARE 70 TO 80 PERCENT DEADLINED FOR LACK OF SPARE PARTS
AND ENGINES. MILITARY AID IS REQUIRED TO IMPROVE AIR
MOBILITY FOR EFFECTIVE MEDEVAC AND RESUPPLY TO TROOPS
IN ISOLATED COMBAT AREAS. MANY SOLDIERS HAVE DIED
BECAUSE OF THE INABILITY OF THE GAF TO RESPOND TO
MEDEVAC CALLS. THIS SITUATION, COMBINED WITH THE GAF
PARTS SCANDAL, HAS LOWERED THE MORALE OF THE TROOPS AND
IS ADVERSLY AFFACTING THEIR COMBAT ABILITY. EMBASSY
ESTIMATES THAT ANOTHER 5M IN PARTS AND SPARE ENGINES
ARE REQUIRED JUST TO GET THE HELICOPTERS FLYING. THE
GAF WILL REQUIRE MORE THAN 63M OVER THE NEXT THREE
YEARS TO MODERNIZE AND EXPAND ENOUGH TO MEET ALL OF ITS
COMMITMENTS AND REQUIREMENTS.
-
(B) THE GOG ALSO NEEDS TO UPGRADE ITS
GROUND MOBILITY. ALTHOUGH THE GOG USED 5.3M TO
PURCHASE REBUILT TACTICAL VEHICLES, AMBULANCES, AND
COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, A LARGE PERCENT OF THE OTHER
VEHICLES ON HAND ARE NO. LONGER ECONOMICALLY REPAIRABLE
AND REQUIRE REPLACEMENT. AT THE PRESENT TIME THE GT
ARMY HAS TO HIRE CIVILIAN FLAT BED TRUCKS TO MOVE MANY
OF ITS TROOPS.
(C) THE GAF NEEDS TO IMPROVE THE
PERATIONAL CONDITION OF ITS TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT. AT
THE PRESENT TIME, ONLY FOUR TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT ARE
NORMALLY OPERATIONAL AT ANY ONE TIME. SEVERAL ARE
GROUNDED BECAUSE OF ENGINE AND/OR AVIONICS PROBLEMS.
THE LACK OF SPARE PARTS, SPECIAL TGOLS, AND SHOP
EQUIPMENT FURTHER LIMITS THE GAF'S ABILITY TO PERFORM
PREVENTATIVE AND ORGANIZATIONAL MAINTENANCE ON THESE
AIRCRAFT.
3. COMMUNICATIONS: ALTHOUGH THE 400 PRC-77
RADIOS RECEIVED IN THE LAST YEAR HAVE BEEN MOST HELPFUL
AT THE TACTICAL LEVEL, THE REGIONAL AND NATIONAL
STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITY OF THE ARMED FORCES
REMAINS TOTALLY INADEQUATE. A JOINT STUDY BY SOUTHCOM
AND THE GUATEMALAN ARMY OF THE COMMUNICATIONS CAPACITY
PLACES A 20 MILLION DOLLARS PRICE TAG ON A MODEST
TACTICAL, OPERATIONAL, AND STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEM FOR THE ARMY. DUE TO A LACK OF RESOURCES, THE
ARMY CONTINUES TO SUFFER THE INEFFICIENCY OF A
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM THAT CAN NOT SUPPORT THE ARMY IN
THE FIELD. THE GUATEMALAN ARMED FORCES DESPERATELY
NEED TO CONTINUE TO UPGRADE THEIR COMMUNCATIONS SYSTEM
AT ALL LEVELS. A VERY SERIOUS SHORTCOMING OF THE
SYSTEM IS THAT AT THE TACTICAL/OPERATIONAL LEVELS THERE
ARE NO SECURE COMMUNICATIONS AND THE ENEMY CAN MONITOR
ARMY UNITS CONDUCTING OPERATIONS IN THEIR AREA.
-
4. ENGINEE EQUIPNENT: THE GUATEMALAN ARMY
ENGINEER CORPS IS A KEY PLAYER IN THE CEREZO GOVERNMENT
NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN. ALL ROADS
NORTH OF THE 16TH PARALLEL HAVE BEEN BULT BY THE ARMY
ENGINEER CORPS SINCE THE AREA IS so ISOLATED THAT THE
PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES ARE NOT INTERESTED IN BIDDING
AND THE MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS IS UNABLE TO OPERATE
IN AN AREA CONTESTED BY SUBVERSIVE FORCES. THE NEWEST
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT IN COUNTRY IS 14 YEARS OLD AND IS
RAPIDLY DETERIORATING DUE TO ITS HEAVY USAGE AND THE
LACK OF SPARE PARTS. SOME OF THE OLDER EQUIPMENT IS so
OLD THAT REPAIR PARTS ARE NO LONGER AVAILABLE. A JOINT
SOUTHCOM/GT ARMY EQUIPMENT STUDY DETERMINED THAT IT
WILL REQUIRE DLRS 17.5 MILLION TO REPAIR ALL EQUIPMSNT
THAT IS NOT OPERATIONAL, REPLACE SELECTED EQUIPMENT
WHICH IS NO LONGER REPAIRABLE, AND PROVIDE MAINTENACE
COSTS AND SPARE PARTS FOR FIVE YEARS. SINCE THE
S E € R E T SECTION 19 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
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SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
CURRENT MAP LEVELS CANOT ABSORB THE COST ASSOCIATED
WITH THIS PLAN, IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT MONEYS WILL ONLY
BE ALLOCATED TO REPAIR THE EQUIPMENT AND THREFORE THE
COST OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE
AS EQUIPMENT CAN NO LONGER BE REPAIRED AND WILL HAVE TO
BE REPLACED.
-
5. LOGISTICS: A SMALL NUMBER OF MAINTENANCE
VEHICLES AND TOOL KITS HAVE BEEN PURCHASED WITH FY
86-88 MAP FUNDS TO ESTABLISH A RUDIMENTARY MAINTENANCE
STRUCTURE TO SUPPORT THE ARMY. ADDITIONAL FUNDS ARE
REQUIRED TO PROVIDE THE ARMY THE CAPABILITY TO:
-
(A) REPAIR AND SERVICE EQUIPMENT AT
FORWARD OPERATING BASES.
-
(B) UPGRADE MAINTENANCE SHOPS BY
ACQUIRING AUTOMOTIVE SHOP SETS, DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
AND SPECIAL TOOLS.
-
(C) UPGRADE THE COMMUNICATIONS
MAINTENANCE SHOP BY ACQUIRING MODERN TOOL KITS, TEST
AND DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT, AND SPECIAL TOOLS.
6. MEDICAL: A MASH UNIT WITH ITS ORGANIC
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT IS SORELY NEEDED TO IMPROVE MEDICAL
SUPPORT AND SERVICES PROVIDED IN REMOTE ANF CONFLICTIVE
AREAS. THIS MASH UNIT CAN ALSO BE USED AS A BACKUP
HOSPITAL IN THE EVENT OF NATIONAL DISASTER (S).
ADDITIONALLY, MEDICAL SUPPLIES ARE NEEDED TO SUPPORT
THE REGIONAL MEDICAL CLINICS.
-
7. PATROL BOATS: ALTHOUGH OUTSIDE PROJECTED
FUNDING AVAILABILITY, ACQUISITION OF PATROL BOATS IS
REQUIRED TO REPLACE OLDER PATROL BOATS THAT ARE NEITHER
LOGISTICALLY NOR ECONOMICALLY SUPPORTABLE. THE GT
NAVY'S MISSION IS PRIMARILY THAT OF A COAST GUARD AND
THE NEW PATROL BOATS WOULD INCREASE HE GUATEMALAN
NAVY'S CAPABILITY FOR COASTAL PATROL, INTERDICTION OF
ARMS, DRUGS, ILLEGAL FISHING, AND SUCH ACTIVITIES ON A
TWO OCEAN FRONT.
-
B. FMS/MAP FUNDING RECOMMENDATIONS :
-
1. CASH FLOW FOR ONGOING PROGRAMS (IN
PRIORITY ORDER) : NONE. THE GUATEMALANS HAVE BEEN VERY
CAREFUL TO ORDER MAP CASES THAT ONLY FALL WITHIN THE
AMOUNTS ALREADY ALLOCATED. THEY HAVE FOLLOWED THIS
CONSERVATIVE APPROACH TO SECURITY ASSISTANCE FUNDING
DUE TO THE INSECURITY OF FUTURE FUNDING AND THE
INABILITY TO PICK UP ANY SHORTAGE OUT OF THEIR OWN
RESOURCES.
-
2. SUPPORT (SUSTAINMENT) OF PREVIOUSLY
FURNISHED EQUIPMENT (IN PRIORITY ORDER) 11.0 MILLION
DOLLARS
SECURITY ASSISTANCE NEEDS (FY 1991)
DEFENSE ITEM
QTY
EST COST
SPARE PARTS:
A. HELICOPTERS
1.0M
BELL 206/212/412
25 HELOS
UH-1H
10 HELOS
C-27
6 ACS
TOTAL
S E C R E-T SECTION 20 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
B ENGINEER HVY EQUIPMENT
1.0M
CAT D-8, D-7, D-6, D-4,
GRADERS, CRANES, SCOOPLOADERS
M-817 5TON DUMP TRKS
C. COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
1.0M
FM, HF, UHF, VHF, RADIOS
MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT ECT
D. AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT
1.0M
2 1/2T, 5T, 1/4T TKS
CML TRKS 2 1/2, 6T, 8T, 10T
BUSSES ETC.
E. NAVY PATROL BOATS
0.5M
PATROL BOATS
9
TROOP CARRIER (FAST)
2
SERVICE CRAFT
2
OUTBOARD MOTORS
25
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
2
ELECTRONIC AND MIS
0
PATROL CRAFT
3
TOTAL SUSTAINMENT COST
4.5M
-
3. POTENTIAL NEW ACQUISITIONS (FY91) (IN
PRIORITY ORDER)
DEFENSE ITEM
QTY
EST COST
UH-1H HELICOPTERS
7
3.0
COMMERCIAL TRKS
60
3.0M
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
0.5M
TOTAL POTENTIAL NEW ACQUISITION COST
6.5M
-
C. NON-FUNDED MILITARY SALES: M16A 20,000 -
14,000,000 DOLLARS. DIRECT COMMERCIAL SALE WITH COLT.
-
D. ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND (ESF);
1. THE MULTI-YEAR ESF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
ASSISTANCE PROGRAM INITIATED IN FY 1986 SUPPORTS
ECONOMIC STABILIZATION AND GROWTH IN GUATEMALA AND
STRENGTHENS THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS. FY 88 AND 89
ALLOCATIONS OF ESF ASSISTED THE GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT'S
CONTINUED PROGRESS IN STRENGTHENING THE STABILIZATION
AND STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM ADOPTED IN MID-1986.
THIS PROGRAM INCLUDED MEASURES IN THE FISCAL, MONETARY
AND EXCHANGE AREAS AIMED AT RESTORING REAL PER CAPITA
INCOME GROWTH TO POSITIVE LEVELS IN 1988 AND 1989. F
190-1993 ESF FUNDS WILL BE NEEDEDTO SUPPORT POLICY
CHANGES AIMED AT INCREASING INCENTIVES FOR EXPORT AND
INVESTMENT. LOCAL CURRENCY GENERATIONS WILL BE USED TO
INCREASE THE LEVEL OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIAL
SERVICES PROVIDED IN THE RURAL AREAS THROUGH BUDGET
SUPPORT.
-
(A). ESF PROGRAM LEVEL RECOMMENDATION FOR
FY 1990 IS 87 MILLION.
-
(B). JUSTIFICATION FOR ENHANCED LEVEL:
GUATEMALA'S DEBT SERVICE BURDEN WILL CONTINUE TO BE
ONEROUS THROUGH THE EARLY 1990'S, LEAVING THE COUNTRY
WITH A SHORTAGE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOR NEEDED INPUTS.
A STRONG BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROGRAM IN 1990 WILL BE
ESSENTIAL FOR GUATEMALA TO REACH ITS ECONOMIC GROWTH
TARGET OF 4.5 PERCENT IN REAL TERMS, AND TO HELP
s E € RET SECTION 21 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SEURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
)
SUPPORT CONTINUED STRENGTHENING OF ECONOMIC POLICY,
PARTICULARLY IN THE AREAS OF EXPORT AND INVESTMENT
PROMOTION. LOCAL CURRENCY RESOURCES ARE NEEDED FOR
GUATEMALA TO CATCH UP IN PROVISION OF BASIC SERVICES
AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN RURAL AREAS. ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT GOALS WILL BE SERVED BY GREATER INVESTMENT
IN EDUCATION, HEALTH, ROADS AND OTHER BASIC NEEDS.
SUCH INVESTMENT, AT A HIGHER LEVEL THAN GUATEMALA CAN
AFFORD ON ITS OWN IN THE NEAR TERM, WILL STRENGTHEN
DEMOCRACY BY DEMONSTRATING THAT A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT
IS RESPONSIVE TO ITS CONSTITUENTS' NEEDS.
I
2. MAJOR AREAS OF GOG POLICY WEAKNESS
-
(A). THE TAX SYSTEM IN GUATEMALA IS
WEAK. TAX REVENUES AS A PRORATION OF GDP WILL BE ABOUT
8.0 PERCENT IN 1988, ONE OF THE LOWEST LEVELS OF TAX
EFFORT IN THE WORLD AND ONE WHICH IS INSUFFICIENT TO
FINANCE THE FUNCTIONS OF MODERN GOVERNMENT. PROBLEMS
INCLUDE WEAK LEGISLATIN, NEARLY NONEXISTENT
ADMINISTRATIVE APPARATUS AND OVERDEPENDENCE ON INDIRECT
(ESPECIALLY TRADE) TAXES AS A SOURCE OF REVENUE.
-
(B). INADEQUATE PUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT
IN INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES, LEAVING
GUATEMALA WITH SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS (LITERACY,
CHILD MORTALITY, ETC. ) WHICH ARE MUCH POORER THAN THOSE
FOR COUNTRIES AT ABOUT THE SAME PER CAPITA INCOME LEVEL.
-
(C). INTEREST RATE CEILINGS ALLOW BOTH
DEPOSIT AND LENDING RATES ABOVE THE CURRENT RATE OF
INFLATION. HOWEVER, ELIMINATION OF THE CEILINGS WOULD
BE MORE DESIRABLE TO INCREASE ACCESS OF CREDIT TO
HIGHER-RISK BORROWERS SUCH AS SMALL BUSINESS AND SMALL
FARMERS, WHO CURRENTLY ARE SHUT OUT FROM BORROWING IN
COMMERCIAL MARKETS.
-
(D). THERE IS A NEED FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN
REGULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE AFFECTING THE EXPORT
SECTOR. THESE INCLUDE REVISION OF CERTAIN FREIGHT
TARIFFS, UPGRADING OF PORT INFRASTRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT
OF PRIVATE SECTOR FREE ZONES, AND APPROPRIATE
LEGISLATION AND/OR PRIVATIZATION FOR CERTAIN
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITIES PRESENTLY
MONOPOLIZED OR CONTROLLED BY THE STATE.
-
(E). INSUFFICIENT INCENTIVES TO
INVESTMENT AND EXPORT.
-
E. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PROJECTED PURCHASES:
FOR THE FORSEEABLE FUTURE, GUATEMALJ WILL HAVE SEVERE
BUDGETARY LIMITATIONS ON ALL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
PLUS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS DEFICITS AND DIFFICULTIES
MEETING THE COUNTRY'S ALREADY EXISTING DEBT BURDEN.
CONSEQUENTLY, THE GUATEMALAN MILITARY WILL HAVE
LIMITATIONS NOT ONLY ON WHAT IT CAN PURCHASE FROM
ABROAD BUT ALSO RESOURCE LIMITATIONS ON WHAT IT CAN
ADEQUATELY MAINTAIN AND OPERATE IN THE COUNTRY.
HIGH-COST, HIGH-MAINTENANCE BUT REQUIRED ITEMS SUCH AS
PATROL BOATS, GROUND AND AIR MOBILITY COMMODITIES,
COULD HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC
SITUATION. THE REQUIREMENT FOR HELICOPTERS AND THEIR
UTILIZATION IN AREAS OF DIFFICULT TERRAIN FOR
COUNTERINSURGENCY AND/OR DISASTER RELIEF MUST BE
BALANCED AGAINST THESE ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS. ENGINEER
EQUIPMENT ENABLING THE GOG MILITARY TO UNDERTAKE PUBLIC
WORKS TYPE PROJECTS WOULD BE, TO SOME EXTENT, A
SUBSTITUTE FOR NEEDED IMPORTS OF CIVILIAN GOODS AND
THUS THE IMPACT WOULD NOT BE so SERIOUS. WITHOUT
INCREASING MILITARY ASSISTANCE THE GOG WILL NOT BE ABLE
SECRET SECTION 22 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
TO MEET ITS MAIN OBJECTIVE TO UPGRADE THE LOGISTICAL
AND OPERATIONAL POSTURE OF THE ARMED FORCES. FROM THE
ECONOMIC STANDPOINT, THOSE ITEMS GUATEMALA COULD BEST
AFFORD TO PURCHASE USING ITS OWN RESOURCES WOULD BE
ITEMS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE LARGE OUTLAYS OF SCARCE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE OR CONTINUING EXPENDITURES FOR
OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE.
- IX. SECURITY ASSISTANCE NEEDS (FY 1992-FY1994)
-
A. FY 92: (SUSTAINMENT) :
CATEGORY
COST
AIRCRAFT SPARES
2.00
GROUND MOBILITY SPARES
0.500
COMMUNICATIONS SPARES
0.350
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT SPARES
0.350
AF REPAIR AND RETURN
0.200
AF ENGINE OVERHAUL
0.200
NAVY BOAT SPARES
0.500
NAVY TECH ASSIST
0.010
NAVY ELECTRONIC/MISC SPARES
0.020
TOTAL
4.130
-
A. FY 92 (ACQUISITIONS)
CATEGORY
COST
UH-1H HELICOPTERS (7)
3.500
GROUND MOBILITY
2.00
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
2.00
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT
1.00
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
0.170
AF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
0.100
AF COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
0.100
TOTAL
8.870
-
B. FY 93 (SUSTAINMENT)
CATEGORY
COST
, AIRCRAFT SPARES
2.500
GROUND MOBILITY SPARES
0.600
COMMUNICATIONS SPARES
0.400
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT SPARES
0.400
AF REPAIR AND RETURN
0.250
AF ENGINE OVERHAUL
0.290
NAVY BOAT SPARES
0.600
NAVY TECH ASSIST
0.020
NAVY ELECTRONIC/MISC SPAJES
0.020
TOTAL
5.080
-
B. FY 93 (ACQUISITIONS)
1
CATEGORY
COST
UH-1H HELICOPTERS (7)
3.500
GROUND MOBILITY
2.250
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
2.250
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT
1.200
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
0.220
AF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
0.300
AF COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
0.200
TOTAL
9.920
-
C. FY 94 (SUSTAINMENT)
CATEGORY
COST
SECRET SECTION 23 OF 23 GUATEMALA 06741
SECRET NOFORN
SECSTATE PASS TO EB ACDA, OMB AND USAID
-
PASS TO ARA/CEN:D.MCCARTHY
SUBJECT: ANNUAL INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF SECURITY
ASSISTANCE (AIASA) - GUATEMALA (U)
AIRCRAFT SPARES
3.00
GROUND MOBILITY SPARES
0.700
COMMUNICATIONS SPARES
0.500
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT SPARES
0.500
AF REPAIR AND RETURN
0.300
AF ENGINE OVERHAUL
0.500
NAVY BOAT SPARES
0.750
NAVY TECH ASSIST
0.020
NAVY ELECTRONIC/MISC SPARES
0.020
TOTAL
6.290
-
C. FY 94 (ACQUISITIONS)
CATEGORY
COST
UH-1H HELICOPTERS
3.500
GROUND MOBILITY
2.500
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
2.500
ENGINEER EQUIPMENT
1.325
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
0.220
AF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
0.300
AF COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
0.365
TOTAL
10.710
3. MICHEL. DECL: OADR
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CONFIDENTIAL
PACELLI
CONFIDENTIAL
3992 Add-on
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
File: beat
June 5, 1989
Nati Sec Advisor
has seen
INFORMATION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
WILLIAM T. PRYCE DAB for
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI DAS
SUBJECT:
Response to the President's Request for
Information on the Disappearance of Nicholas Blake
The memorandum which I prepared for you to send to the President
on May 25, 1989 regarding the 1985 disappearance of Nicholas
Blake stated that the U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala Designate--
Thomas Stroock--intended to call Thomas Ludlow Ashley to update
him on the case.
The State Department informs me that Stroock did call Ashley and
renewed their acquaintance. Stroock promised to follow the case
closely upon his arrival in Guatemala. Ashley was satisfied with
this response and said he would convey the information to the
Blake family.
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
2005-1062-MR
ses 5/25/11
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
3992
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
May 25, 1989
ACTION
DECLASSIFIED
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
PER NSC WAIVER, 1500 2021-02
THROUGH:
Q,
By SS NARA, Date 9/26/24
EVERETT E. BRIGGS
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI JAP
SUBJECT:
Response to the President's Request for
Information on the Disappearance of Nicholas Blake
An old friend of the President, Thomas Ludlow Ashley, has
forwarded to him a memo from Randy Blake explaining the status of
U.S. assistance in investigating the 1985 disappearance of his
brother Nicholas in Guatemala (Tab B). The President sent you
this correspondence with a note saying he wanted you to "give the
system a kick" so he could get back to Ashley soon (Tab C).
Your memorandum to the President at Tab I gives background on the
case and says that Ambassador Michel will raise the issue with
President Cerezo and the Minister of Defense within the next few
days. The memorandum also says that the U.S. Ambassador-
designate to Guatemala Thomas Stroock, who is in Washington
consulting with the State Department, intends to call Lud Ashley
himself on this matter. (Stroock is an old Yale friend of
Ashley.)
The package also includes talking points for the President in the
event he wishes to call Ashley himself.
For your information, this tragedy has all the hallmarks of an
unsolvable case. No trace of Blake and a companion have been
found. Although new leads have been developed, they are unlikely
to produce the type of evidence needed for an arrest and
conviction. In addition, the State Department is concerned that
additional information is being generated by people who are
interested in visas or other favors from the U.S. Government.
RECOMMENDATION:
That you approve the memorandum to the President at Tab. I.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I
Scowcroft Memorandum to the President
Tab A
Points to be Made
Tab B
Ashley Letter to the President with Enclosure
Tab C
Note from the President to Scowcroft
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
3992
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DECLASSIFIED
ACTION
PER E.O. 13526
2005 - -1062-MR
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
ses 5/25/11
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
SUBJECT:
Response to Your Inquiry Concerning the
Investigation by the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala of
the Disappearance of Nicholas Blake
Purpose
To respond to your inquiry concerning the status of the
investigation by the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala concerning the
disappearance in 1985 of Nicholas Blake.
Background
Thomas Ludlow Ashley has sent you a letter from Randy Blake,
brother of Nicholas Blake, who disappeared in the western
highlands of Guatemala four years ago (Tab B). The U.S. Embassy
assisted Blake and his father during their visit in late April,
but they want us to press the Guatemalan government harder for
information. You have asked me to provide an update and to "give
the system a kick" to further the investigation (Tab C).
As background, Nicholas Blake was a journalist with a particular
interest in the Guatemalan guerrillas. He and another American--
a long-time resident of Guatemala--ignored warnings about the
dangerousness of the area they intended to enter and subsequently
disappeared without a trace. We have no way of knowing whether
they were killed by the guerrillas, the military, or members of
the government's civil defense patrols, and the Embassy is unable
to even make an educated guess.
The Embassy has followed every lead in this case, including
making representations to President Cerezo and Defense Minister
Gramajo, but the responsiveness of the Guatemalans has been
disappointing. Blake correctly recounts how the Guatemalan
military has promised to give the Embassy a list of members of
the civil defense patrol who were on duty in the region at the
time. It has failed to comply, despite Embassy follow-up.
In the last several days, the Embassy has delivered to the head
of Guatemalan military intelligence photographs--taken by an
informant--of a patrol member alleged to be involved in the
disappearance. The Guatemalan colonel has promised to search for
the man and bring him in for questioning.
CONFIDENTIAL
CC: Vice President
Declassify on: OADR
Chief of Staff
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF IDENTIAL
2
Ambassador Michel intends to raise the Blake case at the highest
levels of the Guatemalan government in the next few days, as he
has done on previous occasions. Our defense attache will also
contact the Guatemalan military. U.S. Ambassador Designate
Thomas Stroock has been informed of the case and will make a
point to keep pressure on. He will call Lud Ashley, an old
friend from Yale, on Thursday.
Although I am confident that our Embassy will do the best it can,
my view, and that of the State Department, is that this tragedy
has all the hallmarks of being an unsolvable case. Even assuming
that we receive full cooperation from the Guatemalans, the new
leads seem unlikely to be sufficient to lead to an arrest and
conviction.
RECOMMENDATION
That you permit Tom Stroock to get back to Lud Ashley on your
behalf.
Approve
Disapprove
Alternatively, that you telephone Lud Aashley, using the points.
to be made at Tab A.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab A
Points To Be Made
Tab B
Ashley Memorandum to the President, with Enclosure
Tab C
Memorandum from the President to Scowcroft
CONF IDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
3992
POINTS TO BE MADE FOR TELEPHONE CALL TO
THOMAS LUDLOW ASHLEY
I am calling in response to your letter of a few weeks back
on the Blake case.
I have had Brent Scowcroft find out about any new
information on the letter that you forwarded me from Randy
Blake.
The Guatemalan military still has not provided the Embassy
with a list of the civil defense patrol members in the area
at the time of the disappearance.
The Embassy gave the head of military intelligence, Colonel
Ortega, a photograph of a patrol member alleged to be
involved in the disappearance and he has promised to search
for him and bring him in for questioning.
--
Ambassador Michel is going to bring this up again with
President Cerezo and the Defense Minister.
-- My Ambassador Designate, Tom Stroock, has been informed of
this and he will keep the heat on the Guatemalans.
:
I am confident that the Embassy will follow up every lead,
but I am not sure that they will be able to produce the kind
of evidence that could lead to an arrest and conviction--
even if Cerezo and the military cooperate totally.
Please let Randy Blake know that we will do all that we can.
ASSOCIATION of BANK HOLDING COMPANIES
THOMAS LUDLOW ASHLEY
730 FIFTEENTH STREET. N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005
PRESIDENT
(202) 393-1158
May 9, 1989
To:
President George H. W. Bush
From:
Thomas Ludlow Ashley
Re:
Blake matter; other
1. Attached is an update from Randy Blake, the brother of Nick
Blake who disappeared in Guatemala. I thought you might want to pass
it along to whomever is checking into this for you.
2. If you need me to take on any kind of assignment, holler.
I have a lot of flexibility in my current position.
Enclosure
To:
Thomas L. Ashley
From:
Randy Blake PB
Subject:
Update on Recent Trip to Guatemala
Date:
May 4, 1989
As I mentioned, my father and I traveled to Guatemala on April 20-23 to meet
with the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala, as well as other meetings. The following is
an update on the results from that trip.
Meeting with U.S. Embassy
On April 21, my father and I met with U.S. Ambassador Jim Michel,
U.S. Military Attache Colonel George Hooker, Consul General Phil Jones, and
Consul Rick Ricardo to receive an update on the progress of their
investigation of my brother's disappearance. We discussed the following topics:
A. Status of their Request for Civil Patrol List
As we mentioned, our embassy has requested since December 1988 a roster of the
civil patrol members from the area where my brother disappeared. They believe
that this roster will assist them in proving that the suspects who have been
named by our source actually live in that town of El Llano.
In late December 1988, Colonel Hooker questioned the leader of the civil
patrol from El Llano, who has been implicated in the incident by our source. He
claimed that those men did not exist, and thus could not have killed my
brother. The Embassy has requested the list from the highest levels of the
Guatemalan military. So far, they have not received it. Both the Ambassador and
Colonel George Hooker believe that the Guatemalans are purposely delaying
getting this list.
We pointed out that this list could be easily changed to remove these names
However, the Ambassador and Colonel Hooker believe that if they obtain this
list, and it does have those names on it, then this is the surest way to prove
that the civil patrol leader in El Llano is lying. Additionally, their
Guatemalan Army contacts have stated that if those names are on the list, then
they will put together a search party to pick them up.
B. Discussion of President Bush's Involvement
We discussed the possibility that President Bush, or his staff, may provide
assistance on the case. I discussed our attempts, (through you), to make
-2-
President Bush aware of our current predicament and to seek his or the White
House staff's involvement in the case. The Ambassador stated that he would
welcome the President's involvement and said that his direct contact with
President Venicio Cerezo of Guatemala would be very helpful.
Meeting with Colonel Ortega
On April 22, my father and I met with Colonel Hooker and the Chief of the
Guatemalan Army Intelligence Service (G-2), Colonel "Paco" Ortega. Colonel
Ortega is the principal Army contact that Colonel Hooker has dealt with over
the last year on this case, in addition to Guatemalan Minister of Defense
Hector Gramajo.
Col. Ortega stated that he would get the civil patrol roster the following
week, stating that he did not think that there would be a problem. We also
discussed whether this investigation would cause problems for the Army in this
area, since they rely upon the civil patrol so much for their basic counter-
insurgency system. He said that this would not be any real factor in their
ability to move. Col. Ortega stated that if it was established that these men
who were named by our contact existed, he would put together a detachment of
troops from the area, along with the police to pick these men up.
Recent Follow-Up with U.S. Embassy
Since our trip, I have been in contact with Consul General Phil Jones about the
status of their request for the civil patrol roster. I spoke with Mr. Jones as
recently as May 4. They still have not obtained the list from Colonel
Ortega. I have expressed my reservations to Mr. Jones about the efficacy of
continuing to wait much longer for a list that was requested over 5 months
ago. I also emphasized that a roster of names should not be the determining
factor for action that could have taken place one year ago.
3992
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 23, 1989
TO:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
FROM: JAMES W. CICCONI
Assistant to the President and
Deputy to the Chief of Staff
Please provide status report to
the President by COB tomorrow.
He should be able to call Ashley
before leaving for NATO.
WHITE HOUSE
SHINGTON
DATE:
May 22, 1989
FROM THE PRESIDENT
To:
Brent Scowcroft
311
Awhile back I sent you a memo from Lud Ashley
regarding the Blake case in Nicaragua. Here
is a new letter on the case.
"I need to get back soon to Mr. Ashley on
this. Please give the system a kick.
cc: John Sununu
Jim Cieconi
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
TIME STAMP
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT STAFFING DOCUMENT
89 MAY 23 P4: 40
SYSTEM LOG NUMBER:
3992
ACTION OFFICER: PACELLI
DUE: 23 May 1989
Prepare Memo For Scowcroft/Gates
Appropriate Action
Prepare Memo For Cicconi
Prepare Memo for Hughes
X
Prepare Memo Scowcroft
the President
to
CONCURRENCES/COMMENTS*
PHONE* to action officer at ext.
FYI
FYI
FYI
Basora
Lampley
Relss
Beers
Leach
Rice
Blackwill
Lewis
Rodman
Brooks
Lowenkron
Rostow
Cabelly
Mahley
Salvetti
Charles
Mandel
Snider
Coulson
McCue
Tahir-Khell
Deal
Melby
Tobey
Donley
Menan
Welch
Dyke
Miller
Working
Ebner
Miskel
Zelikow
Grant
Needels
Haass
Paal
Hoffamann
Pacelli
Hutchings
Pastorino
Jackson
Popadiuk
LaMagna
Porter
Kanter
Rademaker
INFORMATION
X
Hughes
Gates (advance)
Exec. Sec. Desk
Scowcroft (advance)
X
Secretariat
COMMENTS
Logged By gc
Return to Secretariat
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
TIME STAMP
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT STAFFING DOCUMENT
89 MAY 23 P 4: 40
SYSTEM LOG NUMBER:
3992
ACTION OFFICER: PACELLI
23 May 1989
DUE:
Prepare Memo For Scowcroft/Gates
Appropriate Action
Prepare Memo For Cicconi
Prepare Memo for Hughes
Prepare Memo Scowcroft
the President
to
CONCURRENCES/COMMENTS*
PHONE* to action officer at ext.
FYI
FYI
YI
Basora
Lampley
Reiss
Beers
Leach
Rice
Blackwill
Lewis
Rodman
Brooks
Lowenkron
Rostow
Cabelly
Mahley
Salvetti
Charles
Mandel
Snider
Coulson
McCue
Tahir-Khell
Deal
Melby
Tobey
Donley
Menan
Welch
Dyke
Miller
Working
Ebner
Miskel
Zelikow
Grant
Needels
Haass
Paal
Hoffamann
Pacelli
Hutchings
Pastorino
Jackson
Popadiuk
LaMagna: THE
Porter
Y
Kanter
Rademaker
INFORMATION Hughes
Gates (advance)
Exec. Sec. Desk
Scowcroft (advance)
Secretariat
COMMENTS
Logged By gc
Return to Secretariat
Ω File
but
Afterm th of
May 10, 7989
5/9 Cays Attempt
Not used, letter
sent instead
TALKING POINTS FOR THE PRESIDENT'S CALL TO GUATEMALAN PRESIDENT
-- Mr. President, I am calling you today to congratulate you
and the Guatemalan people for having again so staunchly
defended democracy.
-- The process of constitutional democracy not only survives
yet another challenge, but becomes stronger as a result.
--- The Guatemalan people expressed their political preference
in 1985 and will again cast their ballots in 1990, thus
ensuring a constituional transfer of power.
-- This latest attempt to break this democratic process by a
small core of civilians and military elements shows us that
democracy should not be taken for granted. We must all remain
vigilant in its defense.
-- You have Mr. President the praise of my government and the
American people for the defense of your constitution and our
continuing firm commitment to support Guatemalan democracy.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
16b. memo
From Stephen Benko to David Pacelli
not
P-1, F-1
S
RE: Guatemala (1 pp.)
dated
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(n)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA)
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
Information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
IMMEDIATE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 02
PRT: SIT
SIT: VAX
PREC. IMMEDIATE -CLAS UNCLASSIFIED <DTG> 091605Z MAY 89
FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 1293
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC IMMEDIATE 9422
INFO RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA IMMEDIATE 4083
RUEHSJ/AMEMBASY SAN JOSE IMMEDIATE 7647
RUEHSN/AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR IMMEDIATE 8059
RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA IMMEDIATE 8754
RHLBAAA/USCINCSO QUARRY HTS PM IMMEDIATE
UNCLAS GUATEMALA 05430
E.0. 12356: N/A
TAGS: PINS, PGOV, ASEC, GT
SUBJECT: GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT STATEMENT ON FAILED COUP
1. THERE WAS AN ATTEMPTED COUP D'ETAT IN GUATEMALA ON
THE MORNING OF MAY 9. LOYAL TROOPS PUT DOWN THE
ATTEMPT. AT APPROXIMATELY 0830 LOCAL TIME, THE OFFICE
OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OF THE PRESIDENCY CALLED THE PAO TO
PASS ALONG A MESSAGE WHICH THE GOG WAS ANXIOUS THE USG
RECEIVE. AN INFORMAL TRANSLATION OF THE MESSAGE FOLLOWS:
BEGIN TRANSLATION:
FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE PEOPLE OF
GUATEMALA
A GROUP OF RETIRED OFFICERS AND CIVILIANS WHOSE NAMES
WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE LATER PROVOKED AN ACTION OF
INDISCIPLINE AT THE TACTICAL COMMAND OF THE GUATEMALAN
AIR FORCE WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF BREAKING CONSTITUTIONAL
ORDER.
THE ARMY OF GUATEMALA HAS THE SITUATION UNDER CONTROL
AND HAS DETAINED THE INSTIGATORS OF THIS MOVEMENT. THE
CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC ASKS THE PEOPLE
UNCLASSIFIED
IMMEDIATE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02
OF GUATEMALA TO REMAIN CALM. AND MAINTAIN THEIR SUPPORT
FOR THE DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTION.
END TRANSLATION
2. THE GOVERNMENT HAS ANNOUNCED THAT IT WILL MAKE
ANOTHER PUBLIC STATEMENT LATER THIS MORNING. AS FAR AS
EMBASSY KNOWS. THE COUP ATTEMPT HAS FAILED COMPLETELY.
THE STREETS ARE CALM AND BUSINESS IS GOING ON AS USUAL.
RADIO. TELEVISION AND PHONE LINES REMAIN OPEN. THE
PRESIDENT IS REPORTEDLY MEETING WITH THE CABINET. HIS
PERSONAL SECRETARY (AND VICE FOREIGN MINISTER MARTINI)
HAVE ASSURED AMBASSADOR THAT PRESIDENT CEREZO AND OTHER
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE SAFE.
MICHEL
BT
*5430
UNCLASSIFIED
PACELLI
2493
->File Guat.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 13, 1989
Dear Mr. President:
Thank you for your letter endorsing the
Bipartisan Accord on Central America. I am
delighted that you are so strongly supportive of
the step that I took with our Congress.
I am convinced that we can succeed if the
Central American democracies continue to press
the Sandinistas to live up to their commitments
made at the OAS to establish a democracy. This
will require not only the United States speaking
out in support of the democratization of
Nicaragua, but strong, public, vocal support
from the countries in the region.
I was delighted when President Arias spoke so
forthrightly on this subject during his visit
with me last week. I will be encouraging all
leaders who treasure democracy, like yourself,
to urge upon Nicaragua the path of democratic
reform.
My respect and thanks to you for your letter.
Sincerely,
CyBl
His Excellency
Vinicio Cerezo
President of the Republic of Guatemala
Guatemala
CONFIDENTIAL
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
4/13/84
THE WHITE HOUSE
CONFIDENTIAL
2493
WASHINGTON
711 3.41
April 11, 1989
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT B
SUBJECT:
Reply to Guatemalan President Cerezo's Letter of
Support for the Bipartisan Accord on Central
America
Purpose
To thank President Cerezo for his support for the Bipartisan
Accord and reinforce his willingness to cooperate with us in
implementing it.
Background
President Cerezo delivered a letter to our Embassy giving strong
backing to the Bipartisan Accord. You have directed that we
respond promptly along the lines of a suggested text at Tab B.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the letter to President Cerezo at Tab A.
Attachments
Tab A - Response from the President to President Cerezo
Tab B - - The President's Draft Response to President Cerezo
Tab C - - President Cerezo's Letter to the President
CC: Vice President
Chief of Staff
DECLASSIFIED
E.O. 12958, Sec. 3.5 (b)
White House Guidelines Augustor 8, 1997
UNCLASSIFIED
By
CLASSINED ATTACHMENTS
JG Pj 10/19/01
case No. 99-0466-F
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
17b. memo
From Brent Scowcroft to President Bush
04/13/89
P-1, F-1
C
RE: reply to President Cerezo's letter
[SENT FOR AGENCY REFERRAL] (1 pp.)
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified In formation [(a)(I) of the PRA)
F-1 National security classified information ((b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIAJ
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE:
4-9
89
FROM THE PRESIDENT
4
cality
To:
Brent
needs
How about osmethign liek this to go out
today to Cerezo
Dear Mr. President:
Thank you for your cable. I am delighted that
you are so strongly supportive of the
step that 1 took with out Congress.
I am convinced that if the Central American
Democracies continue tio press Nicaragua to
live up to its commitment made ot the OAS
regarding Democracy thast we can succeed.
Thsi will require not only the USA speaking
out in support of Democratization ion Nicaaragu
but strong open vocal support from the countrie
in the area.
I was deligthed when President Oscar Arias
spoke so forthrightly on thsi subject last
week and I will be encouraging all leaders, lie
like yourself, who treasure Democracy to
urge upon Nicaragua the Democratiuc path.
My respect and thanks to you for your
cable. Most Suicnerely
IMMEDIATE
CONFIDENTIAL
2493
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 02
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEM
PRT DONLEY GATES HUGHES SCOWCROFT
SIT: AYERS PACELLI PRES : MSGS BRANSCUM
PREC. IMMEDIATE <CLAS> CONFIDENTIAL <DTG> 061458Z APR 89
FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0453
INFO RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA 4015
RUEHSJ/AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE 7529
RUEHSN/AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR 7948
RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA 86.06
DECLASSIFIED
RHLBAAA/USCINCSO QUARRY HTS PM
E.O. 12958, Sec. 3.5(b)
White House Guidelines, August 28. 1997
GONE D E N A
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE GUATEMALA 03978
By JGP NARA, Date 10/19/01
E.O. 12356: N/A
case No. 99-0466-F
TAGS: PREL, XK, GT
SUBJECT: CEREZO LETTER TO PRESIDENT BUSH PRAISING
BIPARTISAN ACCORD
REF: GT 3665 (NOTAL)
1. FOLLOWING IS TEXT OF LETTER RECEIVED FROM GUATEMALAN
PRESIDENT CEREZO PRAISING BIPARTISAN ACCORD. ORIGINAL
BEING POUCHED.
2. BEGIN TEXT:
MARCH 30, 1989
DEAR PRESIDENT BUSH,
THE WISE POSITION THAT YOU HAVE ASSUMED IN RELATION TO
THE REALITY OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN COUNTRIES, HAS GIVEN
ME PROFOUND SATISFACTION AND RESTORED MY HOPES OF
ACHIEVING, NOT FAR FROM TODAY, THE PEACE AND WELFARE FOR
OUR PEOPLES.
I WISH TO CONGRATULATE YOU FOR THE EFFORT PERFORMED IN
THE SIGNING OF THE BIPARTITE AGREEMENT WITH THE CONGRESS
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; AND MOST RESPECTFULLY
CONVEY THE FOLLOWING PRESIDENTIAL AND PERSONAL STATEMENTS:
CONF IDENTIAL
iMMEDIATE
CONF IDENTIAL
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 02
THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA CONSIDERS THE SIGNING OF
THIS AGREEMENT A HISTORICAL EVENT. THE SAID BIPARTITE
AGREEMENT NOT ONLY REFLECTS BUT FULLY SUPPORTS THE
ATTITUDE THAT THE UNDERSIGNED AND THE PRESIDENTS OF THE
CENTRAL AMERICAN COUNTRIES HAVE MAINTAINED SINCE THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ESQUIPULAS PEACE PLAN.
THE UNDERSIGNED RECOGNIZES THE IMPORTANCE. AND EXPRESSES
HIS DEEPEST THANKFULNESS, OF THE SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
GIVEN BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND BY THEIR CONGRESS, IN THE SIGNING OF THE SAID
AGREEMENT. TO THE POSITION AND VIEWS OF THE FIVE CENTRAL
AMERICAN PRESIDENTS FIRMLY OUTSPOKEN IN THE DECLARATION
THAT RESULTED FROM THEIR MEETING IN EL SALVADOR ON
FEBRUARY 14-15, 1989.
IT IS WITH THE MOST DETERMINED PERSONAL AND IDEOLOGICAL
CONVICTION THAT THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF GUATEMALA REGARDS PROCEEDINGS OF THIS NATURE
AS OF UTMOST SIGNIFICANCE IN OUR SEARCH FOR PEACE,
STABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT, BY MEANS OF POLITICAL
MECHANISMS AND DIALOGUE.
KINDLY ALLOW ME TO INVITE YOU AGAIN, DEAR PRESIDENT
BUSH, TO SHARE WITH US, CENTRAL AMERICANS, THE CHALLENGE
IMPLIED IN THE CONQUEST OF OUR FUTURE.
SINCERELY,
MARCO VINICIO CEREZO AREVALO
CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT
OF THE REPUBLIC OF GUATEMALA
END TEXT. MICHEL
BT
*3978
CONF IDENTIAL
IDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
2493
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20508
April 10, 1989
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
DAP
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI
SUBJECT:
Presidential Response to Letter from Guatemalan
President Cerezo Supporting the Bipartisan Accord
on Central America
The President has directed that we prepare a letter for his
signature today responding to a letter of support for the
Bipartisan Accord on Central America from Guatemalan President
Cerezo (Tab B). Your memorandum for the President at Tab I
follows closely the President's suggested text, providing light
editing where appropriate.
RECOMMENDATION:
That you approve the memorandum to the President at Tab I.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I - Scowcroft Memorandum to the President
Tab A - Response from the President to President Cerezo
Tab B - The President's Draft Response to President Cerezo
Tab C - President Cerezo's Letter to the President
DECLASSIFIED
E.O. 12958, Sec. 3.5 (b)
White
HOUNC CASSHOLD UPON REMOVAL 38. 1997
By
CLASSIFIED AT FACHMENTS
JG P, 10/19/01
Case No. 94-0466-F
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EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT STAFFING DOCUMENT
URGENT
SYSTEM LOG NUMBER:
2493
89 APR 11 all: 50
ACTION OFFICER:
DUE: 10 APR 89
Prepare Memo For Scowcroft/Gates
Appropriate Action
Prepare Memo For Cicconi
Prepare Memo for Hughes
Prepare Memo
to
CONCURRENCES/COMMENTS*
PHONE* to action officer at ext. 3860
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Blackwill
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Cabelly
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Charles
Mahley
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INFORMATION
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SECRET
SECRET
PACELLI
1270
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
March 1, 1989
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 13526
2005-1062-MR
MEETING WITH VINICIO CEREZO
DATE: March 2, 1989
SCS 5/25/11
LOCATION: Oval Office
TIME: 10:30 a.m. - 10:50 a.m.
I. PURPOSE
FROM: BRENT SCOWCROFT Rates
President Cerezo's visit is an opportunity to express our
support for the fragile democracy in Guatemala and to
underscore the importance of maintaining political pressure
on Nicaragua in the Central American peace process.
II. BACKGROUND
President Cerezo came to power in January 1986 as the first
civilian president in over 15 years. He last visited the
White House in May 1987. This visit is intended to
establish contacts with your Administration and to
counteract press and Congressional misperceptions of the
human rights situation in Guatemala and allegations of undue
military influence on the government. Cerezo met with the
Vice President on March 1 and is meeting with a variety of
Congressional leaders.
President Cerezo concentrated exclusively on regional peace
matters in his discussions with the Vice President and he
may attempt to focus on domestic matters in his meeting with
you. The political situation in Guatemala has calmed
considerably since a coup attempt last May, but democracy
still requires careful tending and U.S. support.
Guatemala continues to be haunted by its past history of a
brutal counterinsurgency campaign and death squad activity.
While some human rights abuses continue, they are isolated
cases and are not supported by the government or the army
hierarchy. Human rights groups do not give Cerezo any
credit, however, and frequently make unsubstantiated charges
that the government is behind almost all political killings.
With the return of democracy, U.S. military aid was restored
in FY 1986. Nevertheless, because of Congressional
concerns, it remains limited--some $10 million--and lethal
aid is prohibited. Guatemala increasingly has resorted to
commercial purchases and some members of Congress argue that
CC: Vice President
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2
our approval of such sales represents a fundamental policy
shift that Congress should have approved. The army is able
to contain the guerrillas, estimated at 1,500 combatants,
but it lacks the helicopters and communications equipment to
have any prospect of eliminating the threat.
On narcotics matters, Cerezo's government has been helpful.
For the short term, the army has agreed to provide armed
helicopter escort for our spraying operations to eradicate
marijuana and poppy fields. We will have to come up with
more resources if we expect to capitalize on Cerezo's
apparent willingness to cooperate.
You may wish to return the discussion to the Central
American peace process in order to reconfirm some of the
points made by the Vice President. Cerezo says all the
right things in his meetings with U.S. officials, but he has
not been helpful when he has participated in Central
American meetings and he has not delivered on his promises.
Cerezo told the Vice President, for example, that we must be
open-eyed about Sandinista promises, verify their
performance, and establish guarantees for those who return
to Nicaragua. He assured us that the Central American
summit agreement only calls for formulating a plan to
demobilize the Contras within 90 days, and that
demobilization itself could be quite a long way off. He was
very enthusiastic about converting the Resistance to an
unarmed political organization and said he would support the
internal opposition. We have to pin Cerezo down to specific
commitments and get him to speak out publicly.
III. PARTICIPANTS
Attached at Tab B.
IV. PRESS PLAN
Photo and writing pool.
V. SEQUENCE
Photo opportunity followed by discussion.
Prepared by:
DAVID A. PACELLI
Attachments
Tab A - Talking Points
Tab B - Participants List
Tab C - Biography
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SECRET
SECRET
SECRET
1270
POINTS TO BE MADE IN MEETING WITH
GUATEMALAN PRESIDENT VINICIO CEREZO
Democracy and Human Rights
-- I have a strong interest in helping preserve the democratic
system established in Guatemala when you took office.
-- I applaud the hard decisions you have had to make to promote
economic reform, combat an insurgency, and provide support
to national institutions such as the military and police.
-- Human rights is central to our relationship and profoundly
influences its development; the progress that you have made
in preserving human rights is frequently unrecognized.
-- At the same time, it is extremely important that you
continue to demonstrate results in holding accountable those
responsible for abuses--including the security forces--and
that your Government make every effort to defend itself
against unsubstantiated allegations.
Narcotics
-- Our joint cooperation has been exemplary but we need to do
more together if we are to avoid Guatemala's becoming a
major drug producer and transhipment point.
U.S. Military Aid
--
We have sought to assist you in meeting the legitimate
security requirements of your armed forces and will continue
to work with the Congress on this issue.
-- Congressmen will be most interested in your personal
assessment of civil-military relations in Guatemala.
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DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 12958
99-0466-F
SECRET
02 Aug 04 LT
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--
Your position here can be greatly strengthened by more
concrete evidence that the military is subject to civilian
guidance and accountability.
Central American Peace Issues
I understand that you had a good discussion with the Vice
President on peace issues. As he told you, our policy is
based on forging a bipartisan consensus to achieve the
objectives of Esquipulas and Sapoa. We want to put muscle
into those objectives through a range of carrots and sticks.
We want to work closely with the democracies, but we expect
to be consulted too. We are concerned that we were not
consulted on the communique issued in El Salvador.
--
We intend to go forward shortly with a proposal to extend
humanitarian aid for the Nicaraguan Resistance. We would
appreciate it if the democracies acknowledge publicly that
this aid is consistent with the El Salvador agreement.
--
I also believe that the Resistance should be consulted about
its own destiny.
--
I know that you agree with us that we must all carefully
monitor Sandinista performance. We must develop a specific
set of criteria against which their actions can be measured.
How can we get the democracies to speak out?
--
Do you have any specific ideas on how we can assure that the
internal opposition is as strong and unified as possible?
--
I understand you told the Vice President that there must be
guarantees for the safety of the Resistance if they
reintegrate into Nicaraguan society. How do you propose to
provide those guarantees?
SECRET.
SECRET
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
United States
The President
The Vice President
James Baker, Secretary of State
John Sununu, Chief of Staff
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor
Michael Kozak, Acting Assistant Secretary for Inter-American
Affairs
James H. Michel, Ambassador to Guatemala
Robert S. Pastorino, NSC (Notetaker)
Guatemala
President Vinicio Cerezo
Sara Mishaan, Minister for Specific Affairs
Rodolfo Rohrmoser, Ambassador of Guatemala
Claudia Arenas, Secretary for Press Relations
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
18c. bio
[Biographical Information] (1 pp.)
02/23/89
P-1, F-1
S
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIAJ
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIAJ
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose Information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial Institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
SECRET
SECRET
1270
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
March 1, 1989
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
ROBERT S. PASTORINO
DAP
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI
SUBJECT:
The President's Meeting with President Cerezo of
Guatemala
Guatemalan President Cerezo will visit the President on Thursday,
March 2 at 10:30 a.m.
Our points to be made for the President emphasize our continuing
support for democracy in Guatemala and the need to keep political
pressure on Nicaragua to comply with its peace commitments.
RECOMMENDATION
That you approve at Tab I the meeting memorandum for the
President.
Approve 8
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I - Meeting Memorandum for the President
Tab A - Points to be Made
Tab E - Biography
Tab
- Participants List
DECLASSIFIED
E.O. 12958, Sec. 3.5(b)
1997
White
CLASSIFIED ATTACHMENTS
case No.99-0466-F
JGP, 10/19/01
SECRET
Declassify on: OADR
SECRET
PASTORINO
TCONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
1355
with SECRET Attachment
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
March 3, 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR MR. MELVYN LEVITSKY
Executive Secretary
Department of State
SUBJECT:
Instructions from the President to Convey to
Venezuelan President Perez a Summary of the
President's Conversation with Guatemalan President
Cerezo TG)
In his telephone conversation of March 3, 1989 with Venezuelan
President Perez, the President said that he would ask Ambassador
Reich to give President Perez a readout on the recent visit of
Guatemalan President Cerezo to the Oval Office. The memorandum
of the President's conversation with President Cerezo on March 2
is attached at Tab A. TCL
G: Philip Hughes
Executiv Secretary
Attachment
Tab A - Memorandum of Conversation Between the President
and Guatemalan President Cerezo
DECLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIAL
PER E.O. 12958
with SECRET Attachment
99-0466-F
Declassify on: OADR
02 Aug 04 LT
CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
SECRET
1322
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION
SUBJECT:
Meeting with President Vinicio Cerezo of Guatemala
PARTICIPANTS: The President
The Vice President
James Baker, Secretary of State
John Sununu, Chief of Staff
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor
James H. Michel, Ambassador to Guatemala
Michael Kozak, Acting Assistant Secretary of State
for Inter-American Affairs
Robert Pastorino, NSC (Notetaker)
President Vinicio Cerezo
Sara Mishaan, Minister for Specific Affairs
Rodolfo Rohrmoser, Ambassador of Guatemala
Claudia Arenas, Secretary for Press Relations
DATE, TIME
March 2, 1989, 10:30 a.m. - 11:05 a.m.
AND PLACE:
Oval Office
The President and President Cerezo met for thirty-five minutes in
the Oval Office to discuss Central American regional issues and
U.S.-Guatemalan bilateral issues. (Cerezo spoke somewhat broken
English--some not fully intelligible.)
The President began the meeting by welcoming Cerezo to
Washington. After discussing his Far East trip and the press
corps, the President turned the floor over to Cerezo.
President Cerezo said he was in Washington on a private visit to
meet with the Administration and Congressional officials about
misperceptions concerning respect for human rights in Guatemala.
He noted he had already met with some Congressmen and was
providing specific details on alleged violations of human rights.
He then added there was considerable interest on the Hill about
the Central American peace process and economic development in
Guatemala.
President Cerezo noted that he was satisfied with current
economic development trends in Guatemala. He stated his
Government has an agreement with the International Monetary Fund;
with USG support similar to current levels and programs, economic
development should continue. Cerezo noted his efforts to work
with the private sector.
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 12958
SECRET-
99-0466-F
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02 Aug 04 LT
SECRET
SECRET
2
SECRET
President Cerezo then turned to Central America. He said he was
trying to elaborate a plan to assure democratization in
Nicaragua. He stated his belief that Nicaragua's back was
against the wall because of its economic problems; that the
Presidents of the four Central American democracies are not naive
about Sandinista intentions; and that they must refine and
explore the Tesoro Accord.
The President said he was encouraged about economic development
in Guatemala and was glad to hear a positive policy on human
rights.
The President then noted his disappointment that the U.S. didn't
know about the Tesoro Agreement in advance. He noted real U.S.
commitments in Central America which he is trying to support, and
that "life is a two-way" street.
The President noted we now have 90 days under the El Salvador
Agreement. He asked how we could be sure the Sandinistas would
comply with their commitments (since Ortega had broken them
before) and how we could put teeth in the agreement. The
President said the U.S. does not want to overthrow Ortega but
only wants the political benefits for. the Nicaraguan people
enjoyed by Guatemalans. He said he needed to be convinced about
Sandinista sincerity and didn't want to be part of a situation in
which a non-democratic cancer flourishes and spreads. He noted
changes in rhetoric by Ortega but asked for evidence.
The President hoped Cerezo agreed with the U.S. on the need for
further humanitarian assistance for the Nicaraguan Resistance.
We haven't yet convinced Congress or the American people about
the reality of the Resistance; thus there has been division in
the U.S. He said we would be speaking with one voice in the
future. President Bush also noted that the U.S. has to change
the age-old perception of being the colossus of the north. He
said he wanted to find ways to dispel that reputation and to work
together with Latin America.
President Cerezo noted there is a very positive feeling in Latin
America--and especially in Central America--about President Bush.
He noted there is a perception of the President's sensitivity to
relations and to problems. He stated this is a historic moment
to accomplish something in Central America. Even Daniel Ortega
said good things, according to Cerezo, and so did Carlos Andres
Perez.
President Cerezo noted it is time to seek practical ways to reach
our common goals; time is running against Nicaragua; they are
losing even Northern European support and confidence. Europeans
are also changing in a postive manner their opinions of
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3
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Guatemala, he added, and are now providing assistance to the
Government rather than only to nongovernmental agencies. The
Europeans are also telling Ortega to comply. Cerezo said he also
believes the Soviets had told Ortega that they would not continue
assistance. All of this was causing changes in Sandinista
attitudes.
The President asked Cerezo how we develop specific criteria and
mechanisms as well as how he could provide guarantees.
President Cerezo thought the Sandinistas only negotiate when they
are desperate and said that "we must have a plan." He said the
Sandinistas must be forced to comply or the world must be shown
their non-compliance. He said the Central Americans must avoid
Sandinista destabilization. Cerezo noted the need for opposition
people inside Nicaragua to organize for elections. He offered to
help his friends (Christian Democrats?) to do that.
Secretary Baker asked why the U.S., the Central American
democracies and some Europeans could not get together to develop
a plan containing specific time lines with respect to Sandinista
promises. The U.S. will be unified and we also could work with
Venezuela, Canada, and perhaps others. With regard to the
repatriation plan, there would be repatriation once Nicaragua had
kept its promises. Meanwhile--for the next eleven months until
the election--we will maintain the Resistance. He said it
doesn't make sense to repatriate in exchange for promises. He
asked Cerezo why we don't ask for performance while we keep the
Contras in being--but without lethal aid. He noted he hoped to
begin consultations with Congress this afternoon and said we
might be able to reduce economic sanctions--but only after some
Nicaraguan performance in meeting their promises to democratize.
President Cerezo said he was in agreement on humanitarian
assistance.
Secretary Baker emphasized that he was talking about 11-12 months
which should be enough time to judge Ortega's performance.
President Cerezo again said he wanted to help the internal
opposition.
Secretary Baker stated we had to hold out the possibility of the
Resistance in case Ortega doesn't comply.
The President says there is a strong feeling that the U.S. can't
back off or be seen as weakening on our commitment to the people
of Nicaragua. We feel strongly, he added.
General Scowcroft asked Cerezo if he would state his agreement
(to what he had said) publicly. Cerezo said he can now say more
publicly because people don't believe he is being forced by the
U.S.
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Secretary Baker said the U.S. is willing to give diplomacy a
chance; but in order to do that we will need vocal Central
American support as Scowcroft has mentioned. He said we must
dissuade people of the perception that Central America wants to
disband the Resistance. Baker added finally that Cerezo should
know that if Nicaragua becomes a back-burner issue, Honduras,
Guatemala, and El Salvador will receive more attention from our
political opponents.
The President said the leftist activists don't care about
democracy; in fact, some support the FMLN and the Guatemalan
guerrillas. He again said the U.S. does not want to "smother"
the Central Americans.
The meeting then ended.
SECRET
SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF IDENTIAL
1355
with SECRET Attachment
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
March 3, 1989
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR G. PHILIP HUGHES
DAP for
THROUGH:
ROBERT S. PASTORINO
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI DAY
SUBJECT:
Transmittal to the State Department of the
Memorandum of Conversation on March 2, 1989
Between the President and Guatemalan President
Cerezo
In his telephone conversation on March 3 with Venezuelan
President Perez, the President said that he would ask our
Ambassador to give President Perez a readout on the recent visit
to the Oval Office of President Cerezo of Guatemala. The
memorandum of that telephone conversation (originally submitted
to you as system log number 1322) is attached at Tab A.
For your information, Ambassador Reich has already called our
office to learn of the results of the President's conversation
with President Perez. He called a second time to find out the
highlights of the President's conversation with President Cerezo,
as he planned to use that information in his appointment with
President Perez at 2 p.m. today.
RECOMMENDATION:
That you sign the memorandum to the State Department Executive
Secretary at Tab I transmitting the President's instructions and
the memorandum of conversation.
Approve 1936
Disapprove
Attachment
Tab I - Hughes to Levitsky memorandum
Tab A - - Memorandum of Conversation Between the President
and Guatemalan President Cerezo
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 12958
CONFIDENTIAL
with SECRET Attachment
99-0466-F
Declassify on: OADR
02 Aug 04 LT
CONFIDENTIAL
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
20a. memo
From Carnes Lord & Jon Glassman to Vice President
02/28/89
P-1, F-1
S
Quayle
P-5
RE: meeting with President Cerezo, Guatemala (2 pp.)
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial Information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA)
F-7 Release would disclose Information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial Institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical Information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIAJ
VP MEETING W/PRESIDENT VINICIO CEREZO,
GUATEMALA, WED. MARCH 1, 1989
SECRET 1 of 2
We support democracy in Guatemala and are
aware of questioning in Congress on our
military supply relationship,
particularly the sale of M-16's and an A-
37.
We will try to provide Congress a
balanced view of the human rights
situation in Guatemala. Is there
anything we can do together to improve
the administration of justice and
guidance of the armed forces and police
to prevent human rights abuses?
SECRET
2 of 2
The U.S. has serious security interests
in Central America. We have problems
about pressure on the contras to disband
before the Sandinistas have used their
influence to reduce regional subversion
and have fully implemented their
democratic promises.
The Central American Presidents, before
their scheduled April meeting, should
ensure that U.S. interests are fully
taken into account. Appeasement of the
Sandinistas will only undermine Central
America democracies and our capability of
supporting them.
SECRET
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 12958
99-0466-F
02 Aug 04 LT
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
20c. briefing
meeting with President Cerezo, Guatemala (4 pp.)
not
P-1, F-1
S
paper
dated
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute B clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
SECRET
TALKING POINTS
Peace Process
Our policy in Central America is based on forging a bipartisan
consensus on behalf of the objectives stated at Esquipulas and
Sapoa and in putting some muscle into those objectives through
a range of carrots and sticks.
--
The Sandinistas made another set of promises at the El
Salvador summit; we all will need to monitor their
compliance carefully.
--
Guatemala can help assure that the internal opposition
is as strong and unified as possible to challenge
Sandinista hegemony.
--
For contras to reintegrate into Nicaraguan life,
conditions must be created for their safety and
political rights must be provided.
--
U.S. has serious security interests in the region and
asks that these interests be respected.
--
U.S. wants to work closely with regional democracies on
how to promote the change in Nicaragua which can lead to
regional stability.
--
This includes consolidation of democratic institutions
to integrate all sectors and protect individual rights.
--
U.S. is committed to continued of support for regional
democracies.
--
However, we expect to be consulted on regional affairs.
We do not appreciate the fact that we were not consulted
on the communique issued in Salvador. We expect to be
consulted as the process unfolds.
Human Rights
--
U.S. has a strong interest in helping preserve the
democratic system established in Guatemala over the past
three years.
--
Human rights are central to our relationship and
profoundly influence its development.
--
We applaud the hard decisions you have had to make to
promote economic reform, combat an insurgency, and
provide adequate support for crucial national
institutions, including the military and the police.
SECRET
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 12958
99-0466-F 99-
02 Aug 04 LT
SECRET
We will continue working with you to build the
institutional capacity of your police and judiciary to
cope with the high level of criminal violence.
--
However, Guatemala's detractors maintain that your
Government is dominated by a repressive military and
unable to deal with a persistent wave of human rights
violations.
--
Your visit is key to directly correcting these
misperceptions.
---
It is extremely important that you continue to
demonstrate results in holding accountable those
responsible for violence, including individual and
former members of the security forces.
US Military Cooperation and the Human Rights Situation
|
We have sought to assist you in meeting the legitimate
security requirements of your nation's armed forces.
--
Some members of Congress are asking hard questions on
how we can justify a military supply relationship,
particularly military sales of M-16s and an A-37, when
they continue to see reports that the human rights
situation in Guatemala has deteriorated.
--
We will continue to work with Congress in providing a
more balanced picture of the human rights situation in
Guatemala.
--
Members and staffers in Congress will be most interested
in your personal assessment of civil-military relations.
---
Your position here can be greatly strengthened by more
concrete evidence that the military is subject to
civilian guidance and accountability.
Narcotics Cooperation
---
We are extremely gratified that Minister Gramajo has
agreed to temporarily provide a helicopter to perform
search-and-rescue capability and provide armed escort
for our joint effort to spray marijuana and poppy fields.
--
Our joint cooperation efforts have been exemplary but we
need to do more together if we are to avoid Guatemala's
becoming a major narcotrafficking transhipment and
production country.
We will be working with you further on this.
SECRET
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
20e. bio
[Biographical Information] (1 pp.)
02/23/89
P-1, F-1
S
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate B Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets'or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate A Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes ((b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA)
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
WASHFAX RECEIPT
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
This Invid in
File either
file
0713
B
PG 1933
S/S #
MESSAGE NO.
035661
CLASSIFICATION
SECRET
No. Pages 11
S/S
X75301
7224
FROM: M. LEVITSKY
(Officer name)
(Office symbol)
(Extension)
(Room number)
MESSAGE DESCRIPTION LEVITSKY/SCOWCROFT MEMORANDUM: Briefing Material for
The President's Meeting with Guatemalan President CEREZO
TO: (Agency)
DELIVER TO:
Extension
Room No.
2224
GFWW
NSCS
Robert Perito
Executive Secretariat
Hugher
UNCLASSIFIED UPON
Pastorino
REMOVAL OF CLASSIFIED
AFTACHMENTS
Pacelli
JEP, 12/15/99
FOR:
CLEARANCE
INFORMATION
PER REQUEST
COMMENT
REMARKS: Advance Copy provided herewith. Original to follow
via courier.
S/S
Officer: James F. Collins for
FORM
D6-1760
7-77
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
21a. memo
From Melvyn Levitsky, Dept of State, to Brent
not
P-1, F-1
S
Scowcroft
dated
P-5
RE: briefing material for President's meeting with
Guatemalan President Cerezo (1 pp.)
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate B Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
21b. briefing
for meeting with President Cerezo of Guatemala (4
not
P-1, F-1
S
paper
pp.)
dated
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
F-1 National security classified Information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA)
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
SECRET
TALKING POINTS
Peace Process
o
Our policy in Central America is based on forging 8 bipartisan
consensus on behalf of the objectives stated at Esquipulas and
Sapoa and in putting some muscle into those objectives through
a range of carrots and sticks.
The Sandinistas made another set of promises at the El
Salvador summit; we all will need to monitor their
compliance carefully.
---
Guatemala can help assure that the internal opposition
is as strong and unified as possible to challenge the
Sandinistas in the elections and the democratization
process.
-
For contras to reintegrate into Nicaraguan life,
conditions must be created for their safety and
political rights must be provided.
1
U.S. has serious security interests in the region and
asks that these interests be respected.
--
U.S. wants to work closely with regional democracies on
how to promote the change in Nicaragua which can lead to
regional stability.
-
This includes consolidation of democratic institutions
to integrate all sectors and protect individual rights.
-
U.S. is committed to continued of support for regional
democracies.
---
However, we expect to be consulted on regional affairs.
We do not appreciate the fact that we were not consulted
on the communique issued in Salvador. We expect to be
consulted as the process unfolds.
Human Rights
-
U.S. has a strong interest in helping preserve the
democratic system established in Guatemala over the past
three years.
Human rights are central to our relationship and
profoundly influence its development.
--
We applaud the hard decisions you have had to make to
promote economic reform, combat an insurgency, and
provide adequate support for crucial national
institutions, including the military and the police.
SECRET
DECLASSIFIED
PER E.O. 12958
99-0466-F
02 Aug 04 LT
SECRET.
--
We will continue working with you to build the
institutional capacity of your police and judiciary to
cope with the high level of criminal violence.
However, Guatemala's detractors maintain that your
Government is dominated by a repressive military and
unable to deal with a persistent wave of human rights
violations.
Your visit is key to directly correcting these
misperceptions.
--
It is extremely important that you continue to
demonstrate results in holding accountable those
responsible for violence, including individual and
former members of the security forces.
US Military Cooperation and the Human Rights Situation
-
We have sought to assist you in meeting the legitimate
security requirements of your nation's armed forces.
--
Some members of Congress are asking hard questions on
how we can justify a military supply relationship,
particularly military sales of M-16s and an A-37, when
they continue to see reports that the human rights
situation in Guatemala has deteriorated.
-
We will continue to work with Congress in providing a
more balanced picture of the human rights situation in
Guatemala.
--
Members and staffers in Congress will be most interested
in your personal assessment of civil-military relations.
--
Your position here can be greatly strengthened by more
concrete evidence that the military is subject to
civilian guidance and accountability.
Narcotics Cooperation
-
We are extremely gratified that Minister Gramajo has
agreed to temporarily provide a helicopter to perform
search-and-rescue capability and provide armed escort
for our joint effort to spray marijuana and poppy fields.
---
Our joint cooperation efforts have been exemplary but we
need to do more together if we are to avoid Guatemala's
becoming a major narcotrafficking transhipment and
production country.
--
We will be working with you further on this.
SECRET
Drafted ARA/CEN: RMDotson Smi
RUD
Cleared: ARA/CEN: PRomero
3/01/89 ELG #8837
ARA/CEN: JSullivan
ARA: CArcos
S/SE: CBlakeman
P: STomchik
PM/SAS: TJMorgan
HA: LWeintraub
S/P: DKurtzer
ARA: Mkozak
C: JSom ketn
-
of
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
21d. bio
[Biographical Information] (1 pp.)
02/23/89
P-1, F-1
S
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained In donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial Institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
21e. bio
[Biographical Information] (1 pp.)
04/29/87
P-1, F-1
C
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
21f. bio
[Biographical Information] (1 pp.)
02/24/89
P-1, F-1
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA)
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIAJ
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
Information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial Institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
THE WHITE HOUSE
1078
WASHINGTON
March 1, 1989
KBK
MEMORANDUM
Pastorino
TO:
Brent Scowcroft
FROM:
JOSEPH W. HAGIN
SUBJECT:
APPROVED PRESIDENTIAL ACTIVITY
EVENT:
Meeting with Guatemalan President Cerezo
DATE:
March 2, 1989
TIME:
10:30 a.m.
DURATION:
20 Minutes
LOCATION:
Oval Office
ATTIRE:
Business Suit
REMARKS REQUIRED: Talking Points
MEDIA COVERAGE: Pool
FIRST LADY
PARTICIPATION: No
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION:
CONTACT:
,
TELEPHONE: OFFICE
HOME
NOTE: PROJECT OFFICER, SEE ATTACHED CHECKLIST
Ed Rogers
Marlin Fitzwater
David Bates
James Cicconi
David Demarest
David Valdez
Fred McClure
Jean Lamb
USSS. PPD
Susan Porter Rose
Steve Studdert
Operations - Executive Residence
Patty Presock
John Keller
WHCA Audio/Visual
Speechwriting Office
Tim McBride
WHCA Operations
Laurie Firestone
J. Bonnie Newman
Robert Guttman
Tony Lopez
1078
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE PROPOSAL
February 28, 1989
TO:
JOSEPH HAGIN, II, Director
Presidential Appointments and Scheduling
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT A
REQUEST:
That the President meet for 30 minutes
between March 1-3 with President Cerezo
of Guatemala.
PURPOSE:
A visit would be an opportunity to express
our support for the fragile democracy in
Guatemala and to underscore the importance
of maintaining political pressure on
Nicaragua.
BACKGROUND:
President Cerezo will be in Washington on a
private visit. He wants to establish contact
with the Administration and address growing
public misperceptions of the human rights
situation in Guatemala. He plans to make
calls on media and foreign policy opinion
leaders, focusing on the Congress. We expect
that he would want to discuss with the
President the latest developments in the
Central American peace process and
Congressional concerns about our military
supply relationship.
PREVIOUS
PARTICIPATION:
The President met President Cerezo when he
was Vice President.
DATE & TIME:
A meeting scheduled before 2:15 p.m. on
March 1 is preferred because it would allow
President Cerezo to meet with senior
Administration officials before discussions
with Congressional leaders.
DURATION: 30 minutes
LOCATION:
Oval Office
PARTICIPANTS:
See Tab A
OUTLINE OF EVENTS:
Brief photo opportunity followed by
discussion.
REMARKS REQUIRED:
NSC will furnish points to be made.
2
MEDIA COVERAGE:
Open photo
RECOMMENDED BY:
State, NSC
OPPOSED BY:
None
s
Attachment
Tab A
List of Participants
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
UNITED STATES
The President
The Vice President
National Security Advisor
Chief of Staff
Acting Assistant Secretary of State
NSC (Notetaker)
State Department Interpreter
GUATEMALA
President Vinicio Cerezo
Ambassador of Guatemala
Notetaker
1078
THE WHITE HOUSE
Pasterino
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE PROPOSAL
February 28, 1989
TO:
JOSEPH HAGIN, II, Director
Presidential Appointments and Scheduling
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
B
REQUEST:
That the President meet for 30 minutes
between March 1-3 with President Cerezo
of Guatemala.
PURPOSE:
A visit would be an opportunity to express
our support for the fragile democracy in
Guatemala and to underscore the importance
of maintaining political pressure on
Nicaragua.
BACKGROUND:
President Cerezo will be in Washington on a
private visit. He wants to establish contact
with the Administration and address growing
public misperceptions of the human rights
situation in Guatemala. He plans to make
calls on media and foreign policy opinion
leaders, focusing on the Congress. We expect
that he would want to discuss with the
President the latest developments in the
Central American peace process and
Congressional concerns about our military
supply relationship.
PREVIOUS
PARTICIPATION:
The President met President Cerezo when he
was Vice President.
DATE & TIME:
A meeting scheduled before 2:15 p.m. on
March 1 is preferred because it would allow
President Cerezo to meet with senior
Administration officials before discussions
with Congressional leaders.
DURATION: 30 minutes
LOCATION:
Oval Office
PARTICIPANTS:
See Tab A
OUTLINE OF EVENTS: Brief photo opportunity followed by
discussion.
REMARKS REQUIRED: NSC will furnish points to be made.
2
MEDIA COVERAGE:
Open photo
RECOMMENDED BY:
State, NSC
OPPOSED BY:
None
Attachment
Tab A
List of Participants
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
UNITED STATES
The President
The Vice President
National Security Advisor
Chief of Staff
Acting Assistant Secretary of State
NSC (Notetaker)
State Department Interpreter
GUATEMALA
President Vinicio Cerezo
Ambassador of Guatemala
Notetaker
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
1078
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
DECLASSIFIED
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
PER NSC WAIVER, August 6, 2010
By M.M NARA, Date 8/23/2016
February 24, 1989
ACTION
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THROUGH:
ROBERT S. PASTORINO DAY for
FROM:
DAVID A. PACELLI DAP
SUBJECT:
Request from Guatemalan President Cerezo for a
Meeting with the President
The State Department has requested that we arrange a meeting
between the President and Guatemalan President Vinicio Cerezo
during President Cerezo's visit to Washington next week (Tab II).
President Cerezo is on a private visit with the primary purpose
of countering erroneous media reports of human rights abuses in
Guatemala and dominance of his government by the military. He
will focus on visits to the Congress, but a meeting with the
President would help him considerably.
A meeting would enable us to underscore our strong support for
Guatemala's fragile democracy. The current political situation
has calmed considerably since a coup attempt last May, but still
requires careful tending. A meeting would also permit us to
discuss the recent Central American summit and to emphasize that
political pressure must be maintained on Nicaragua to comply with
its commitments. Moreover, it would be a useful opportunity to
make sure President Cerezo understands that the Contras must be
directly involved in any settlement.
We recommend that the Vice President be invited to the meeting,
as President Cerezo met him during the Venezuelan inauguration
and has asked to see him.
RECOMMENDATION
That you approve the scheduling memorandum at Tab I.
Approve
Disapprove
Attachments
Tab I - Schedule Proposal
Tab A - List of Participants
Beent - you or Jim Baker
Tab II - Levitsky to Scowcroft Memorandum
would we satisfactory
alternatives unless the
CONFIDENTIAL
President wants to do this
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
na.
8903701
1078
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
February 22, 1989
with SECRET attachment
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
THE WHITE HOUSE
Subject: Request for Appointment for Guatemalan President
Cerezo with President Bush
Guatemalan President Vinicio Cerezo (bio attached) plans to
visit New York, February 27-28, and Washington, March 1-3. This
is an unofficial visit by Cerezo, leader of the moderately leftist
Christian Democratic government of Guatemala. Cerezo's primary
purpose in coming to the U.S. is to establish contact with the new
U.S. Administration and to address growing public misperceptions
and criticism of the human rights situation in Guatemala. He
plans to make a number of calls on media and foreign policy
opinion leaders, focusing on Congress, editorial boards and U.S.
human rights groups. He has requested an appointment with
President Bush during the period March 1 through March 3. March 1
would be preferrable since he wishes to meet with senior USG
officials before discussions with Congressional leaders. We
anticipate that Cerezo would want to discuss the latest
developments in the Central American regional peace process and
Congressional concerns about our military supply relationship and
civil-military relations in Guatemala.
The Government of Guatemala came to power in the January 1986
elections that reinstituted civilian rule. The current political
situation is more stable than at any time since an abortive coup
attempt last May, but still requires careful tending. We
recommend that the President see Cerezo. Such a meeting would be
a useful signal of our continuing support for the fragile
democratic transition in Guatemala. Cerezo has also asked to see
the Vice President who met with him during the Venezuelan
inauguration. We recommend that the Vice President be invited to
join the meeting with the President.
Melvyn Levitsky
Executive Secretary
Attachment:
Biographic Information.
30 ENGSS b S: 50
CONF
IDENTIAL
DECLASSIFIED
DECL: OADR
PER DOS WAIVER, November 6, 2015
By SS NARA, Date 9/26/24
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
CLASS.
AND TYPE
23d. bio
[Biographical Information] (1 pp.)
09/19/86
P-1, F-1
S
P-5
COLLECTION
Bush Presidential Records
National Security Council
Latin American Directorate Files
FILE LOCATION
Guatemala (Subject Files) (January - December 1989)
OA/ID Number CF00196
Date Closed
12/07/99
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(n)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
F-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
privacy ((a)(6) of the PRAJ
F-7 Release would disclose Information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift.
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]