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OSTP [Office of Science and Technology Policy]
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OSTP [Office of Science and Technology Policy]
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Records pertain to the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
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Records of the White House Office of Presidential Personnel (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Martha S. H. Goodwin Subject Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
2005-0336-F
2005-0336-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: Personnel, White House Office of
Series:
Goodwin, Martha, Files
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
06799
Folder ID Number:
06799-017
Folder Title:
OSTP [Office of Science and Technology Policy]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
17
5
7
1
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Martha Goodwin
DATE 05/07/92
SEARCH FORM
Type of Appointment:
PAS PA SES SKC X B/C Regional
Department/Agency/
Board/Commission: Office of Science and Technology Policy Location:
O.E.O.B.
Position/Title:
Secretary to the Director (Typing)
Level/Grade/Salary: GS-7/$22,636.00
Starting Date: A.S.A.P.
Immediate Supervisor (include Title): Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy and The Assistant to the President for Science
and Technology.
Position Description (bullet form-attach full PD): PD attached.
Serves as Secretary to the Director of OSTP.
Shares in the responsibility for secretarial and administrative duties with the Director's
Confidential Secretary.
Works independently in performing functions required to expedite his activities.
Assists the Confidential Secretary in supporting the Director.
Major Duties: Makes all travel arrangements for the Director and other members of the Diretor's
immediate office. Assures the proper establishment, maintenance and archiving of all files and
other records in the Director's office. Assists in receiveing telephone calls and visitors for the
Director. Responsible for scheduling in the absence of the Confidential Secretary. Reviews incoming
mail and prepares final or draft replies to non-technical questions for the Director's signature.
Office Budget: $
Number of Staff Supervised: N/A
Mandatory Professional Background: Skill in dealing effectively with persons at all levels of
Government within the White House, other agencies, institutions, etc. Knowledge of principles,
methods and practices of written and oral communication, and the ability to apply this knowledge
in situations which demand a timely response. Ability to express ideas clearly and forcefully, both
orally and in writing. Detailed knowledge of the functions, organization, procedures, and methods
of the Director. Experience in locating and assembling information for various reports, briefing or
meetings.
Preferred Professional Background: Front Office experience. Top Secret clearance. Experience in
making travel arrangements.
Educational Background: Advanced degrees not necessary.
Desired Candidate Profile: Organized, articulate, responsible, experienced in travel.
Incumbent's Name: Vacant
SENT BY:
12-20-91 2.JDFM
von
20200000001# Li
SECRETARY (TYPING) TO THE DIRECTOR
GS-301-7
318
MAJOR DUTIES
The incumbent serves as a Secretary (Typing) to the Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy. Incumbent shares in the responsibility for secretarial and
administrative duties with the Director's Confidential Secretary and works
independently in performing functions required to expedite-his activities. The
incumbent's primary responsibility is to assist the Confidential Secretary in supporting
the Director. As time allows, the incumbent may also support the other members of the
Director's immediate office.
The Secretary (Typing) must be a person in whom the Director has complete trust and
confidence. The incumbent has continual access to highly sensitive information and
must be responsive to guidance with respect to maintaining the confidentiality as well as
the effectiveness of the supervisor's work. Subject to guidance from the Director, the
Confidential Secretary:
1.
Performs all duties of the Director's Confidential Secretary in her absence. The
Incumbent works closely with the Confidential Secretary in order to ensure that
in her absence the office of the Director functions in a smooth and orderly
fashion.
2.
Responds to written and telephone inquiries for information relevant to activities
within OSTP and is constantly aware of who within the office is conducting and
monitoring the progress of these activities.
3.
Is responsible for scheduling for the Director and in the absence of the
Confidential Secretary. This includes gathering background for most activities
and compiling appropriate materials. Gathers information on organizations
requesting the Director or as a speaker and compiles materials relevant to the
objectives of the office or the subject of the presentation.
4.
In scheduling meetings, the incumbent is expected to be informed of topics of
discussions and to assemble pertinent material relating to the subject matter. In
order to obtain the required material, it may be necessary for the incumbent to
contact not only various offices within the OSTP but also other White House staff
offices and Government agencies as well.
5.
Reviews incoming mail and prepares final or draft replies to non-technical
questions for the signature of the Director or the appropriate staff member.
Incumbent provides previous correspondence and background information from
the files for the Director. Frequently background information can be obtained
only through contact with other offices within OSTP, other Government and non-
SENT BY:
12-20-91 ; 2:35PM :
osir-
2023955000, J/ 0.
Government organizations and outside sources, such as news media and scientific
journals.
6.
Assists in receiving telephone calls and visitors for the Director. Uses own
judgment in referring calls to the Director, handling many of the calls personally
and referring the remainder to the appropriate OSTP staff. A record of all
incoming and outgoing calls is maintained.
7.
Assists in informing the various offices and divisions of the OSTP of the
Director's immediate and future plans which have a direct bearing on their
activities. This is of particular importance in the scheduling of meetings or
conferences in which the Director is expected to participate.
8.
Makes all travel arrangements for the Director and other members of the
Director's immediate office. Such responsibility includes initiating all actions
essential to the confirmation of travel and hotel reservations, coordinating
meetings and appointments with personnel to be visited, providing detailed
itinerary and procuring data needed for the visit. Completes final details on
return, such as writing thank-you letters and submitting vouchers and reports.
9.
Assures the proper establishment, maintenance and archiving of all files and
other records in the Director's office. Maintains personal and telephone contact
with offices within the organization and throughout OSTP to transmit requests,
provide information, and procure material of interest or value to the better
functioning of the Director's office.
FACTOR 1. KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED FOR THE POSITION
1.
Knowledge of the role, functions, responsibilities, programs and activities of
OSTP and operations of the White House, the Executive Office of the President,
and the various Federal departments and agencies that comprise the Executive
Branch of the Government.
2.
Knowledge of internal staff assignments and responsibilities and an intimate
knowledge of the most appropriate and expedient points of contact on office
matters.
3.
Knowledge of principles, methods, and practices of written and oral
communication, and the ability to apply this knowledge in situations often
demanding timely response by OSTP to challenges in the Administration's science
and technology policies from the Congress, the media and the public.
4.
Skill in achieving and maintaining effective, cooperative and amicable
professional working relationships with all members of the staff as well as the
members of the White House, the EOP, Congressional offices and other Federal
agencies staffs. Skill and tact in handling their inquiries and informing them of
SENT BY:
12-20-91 ; 2:36PM ;
usir-
2020000000 # 4/ 0
views and opinions of the Director or Associate Directors. Position requires
diplomacy, discretion and a sensitivity to the needs of OSTP staff, other EOP
offices and importance of developing and maintaining good relationships with
other office and Executive Branch agencies.
5.
Demonstrated ability to organize, set procedures, and channel the flow of work to
staff members.
6.
Experience in locating and assembling information for various reports, briefings
or meetings.
7.
Skill in analyzing, reading, disseminating and briefing materials quickly and
skillfully.
8.
Professional working knowledge of and competence in Government
correspondence, procedures and practices.
9.
Skill in operating a personal computer and using word-processing software.
Ability to operate other office equipment.
10.
Understanding of the personal views and philosophy of the Director.
11. Skill in managing a variety of complex subjects and tremendous information flow
concurrently, always under severe time constraints, so the key information is
forwarded, priorities are carried out and deadlines are met.
FACTOR 2. SUPERVISORY CONTROLS
Incumbent is under the immediate supervision of the Director of OSTP. The incumbent
assists in the management of the office with a good deal of independent initiative,
resourcefulness and experienced judgment. As the Confidential Secretary's backup in
supporting the Director, is thoroughly familiar with the basic policies, viewpoints,
techniques, and attitudes of the Director. Receives guidance from the Confidential
Secretary, and the Executive Assistant. Such instructions and guidance are brief and
usually consist of objectives rather than means. Most routine work is accepted as final
without complete review. Incumbent must remain flexible and receptive to requests from
a variety of sources.
FACTOR 3. GUIDELINES
General guidelines are provided to the incumbent relating to the overall policy and
objectives of the Director and OSTP. The incumbent plans and carries out work
assignments in accordance with instructions, previous training or accepted practices and
takes into consideration White House, EOP and OSTP policies and procedures. Many
situations are not covered by guidelines and the incumbent must be able to adapt
guidelines and determine which of several alternative methods to apply.
SENT BY:
12-20-91 : 2:37PM ;
osir-
0/ 0
FACTOR 4. COMPLEXITY
The incumbent is expected to perform responsibilities with a minimum of supervision
and guidance from the Director, exercising a good deal of independent initiative and
judgment. The Confidential Secretary provides guidance on routine office procedures.
Instructions and guidance are brief and usually consist of objectives rather than means.
The incumbent must exercise initiative and creativity in meeting requirements of limited
staff and resources and assist other staff members in a wide variety of day-to-day tasks.
The incumbent is responsible for handling highly sensitive and confidential matters of
national and international importance. Incumbent work contacts are routinely at the
highest levels within the White House, other Government agencies, and non-Government
institutions. Responsibilities include personal contacts demanding a high degree of
judgment, tact and initiative, and require the ability to communicate and work
effectively under pressure.
FACTOR 5. SCOPE AND EFFECT
The central mission of the Office of Science and Technology Policy is to provide
scientific and technological analysis for the President with respect to major policies,
plans, and programs of the Federal Government. The incumbent ensures that the
clerical and administrative portions of the Director's work, and that of the staff, are
accomplished effectively, allowing the Director to concentrate on professional and
managerial duties. The accurate and timely provision of information and other
administrative support functions facilitate the work of the Director's office and the
officials to which services are provided.
Incumbent has wide latitude, and exercises initiative, organization, and judgment in
determining priorities for handling the multitude of requests made personally by staff
and other persons who call on the office.
FACTOR 6. PERSONAL CONTACTS
The incumbent work contacts are routinely at the highest level within the White House,
other Government agencies and non-Government institutions including many
international dignitaries. Personal contacts demand a high degree of tact and judgment
not characteristic of most assistant positions and require the ability to communicate
and work effectively under pressure.
Contacts are made with the Director OSTP, other OSTP staff members, Federal advisory
committees, members of interagency coordinating groups, and distinguished individuals
from the areas of science, education, management, labor and public affairs both
national and international.
FACTOR 7. PURPOSE OF CONTACTS
SENT BY:
12-20-91 : 2:37PM :
usir-
2020000000 O/ 0
Incumbent assists in servicing all incoming inquiries. Provides administrative/
secretarial services. Acts as liaison with other OSTP offices to transmit requests,
provide information, and procure material of interest or value to the Director.
FACTOR 8. PHYSICAL DEMANDS
The work is sedentary. The incumbent may be required to work under stressful
conditions such aslong hours, short deadlines and insufficient support personnel in
order to complete sensitive and urgent projects and tasks. Typically, the employee may
sit comfortably to do the work. However, there may be some walking, standing, bending,
carrying of light items such as papers and books. No special physical demands are
required to perform the work.
FACTOR 9. WORK ENVIRONMENT
Work is performed mainly in an office setting; however, in interfacing with other offices
and agencies, may necessitate meetings and visits to other government agencies and
private organizations. The work environment involves everyday risks or discomforts
which require normal safety precautions typical of such places as offices and meeting
rooms, e.g., use of safe work practices senior office equipment, avoidance of trips and
falls, observance of fire regulations, etc. The work area is adequately lighted, heated
and ventilated.
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Martha Goodwin
DATE 05/07/92
SEARCH FORM
Type of Appointment:
PAS PA SES SKC X B/C Regional
Department/Agency/
Board/Commission: Office of Science and Technology Policy Location:
O.E.O.B.
Position/Title:
Confidential Secretary to the Director
Level/Grade/Salary: GS-11/$32,423.00
Starting Date: A.S.A.P.
Immediate Supervisor (include Title): Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy and The Assistant to the President for Science
and Technology.
Position Description (bullet form-attach full PD): PD attached.
Serves as personal and confidential Secretary to the Director.
Serves as a close personal assistant to the Director.
Serves as the Director's scheduler .
Major Duties:
Maintains the Director's appointment calendar.
Informs various offices and
divisions of OSTP of the Director's immediate and future plans.
Reviews incoming
correspondence and other documents for the Director's signature.
Takes and transcribes dictation
for the Director.
Receives incoming calls and personal callers.
Office Budget: $
Number of Staff Supervised: N/A
Mandatory Professional Background: Skill in dealing effectively with persons at all levels of
Government within the White House, other agencies, institutions, etc. Skill in taking and
transcribing dictation accurately and rapidly. Initiative and discerning judgement in the handling of
assignments from the Director. Ability to express ideas clearly and forcefully, both orally and in
writing. Detailed knowledge of the functions, organization, procedures, and methods of Director.
Knowledge of assignments of personnel of OSTP. Skill needed to organize, set procedure and
channel flow of work to staff members.
Preferred Professional Background: Front Office experience. Top Secret clearance. Experience
scheduling and maintaining calendar for a High-level Government Official.
Educational Background: Advanced degrees not necessary.
Desired Candidate Profile: Confident, articulate, responsible, mature, experienced in scheduling.
Incumbent's Name: Vacant
Previous Position Held: N/A
Career Non-Career
MAJOR DUTIES
This position is that of personal and confidential Secretary to the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy. The incumbent assumes the responsibility for secretarial
duties in connection with the management of the immediate office of the Director and works
independently in performing functions required to expedite its activities.
The secretary serves as close personal assistant to the Director and as such, must be a
person in whom the Director has complete trust and confidence. In this capacity, the
incumbent has continued access to highly sensitive information, and must be responsive to
the Director's guidance with respect to maintaining the confidentiality as well as the
effectiveness of his/her work.
1.
Establishes and supervises administrative and clerical procedures to maintain and
expedite the daily operation of the Office of the Director. Incumbent must be fully
informed of the Director's views and keep in touch with the staff on the status and
progress of assignments, transmitting the Director's oral instructions and advice
when necessary in order that projects be completed as expeditiously as possible.
2.
Maintains the Director's appointment calendar and commits his time without prior
clearance. Uses own discretion in establishing priorities when committing the
Director's time and in view of the many demands upon his time. Uses own initiative
in arranging for OSTP representation at meetings and conferences by other members
of the staff when this is necessary and desirable. Also, when refusing requests for
an appointment, the incumbent attempts to provide the information requested or
arranges an appointment with appropriate members of the staff.
3.
In scheduling meetings, the incumbent is expected to be informed of topics of
discussions and to assemble pertinent material relating to the subject matter. In
order to obtain the required material it may be necessary for the incumbent to
contact not only various offices within the OSTP but other Government agencies as
well.
4.
The incumbent informs the various offices and divisions of the OSTP of the
Director's immediate and future plans which have a direct bearing on their
activities. This is of particular importance in the scheduling of meetings or
conferences in which the Director is expected to participate.
5.
The incumbent reviews incoming correspondence and other documents for the
Director's signature and returns for correction or revision that which, based on
personal opinion, does not reflect OSTP policies or conform to established
procedures. This incumbent determines the importance and priority of material for
the Director's signature and calls such items to his immediate attention.
6.
The incumbent reviews incoming mail and prepares final or draft replies to non-
technical questions for the signature of the Director. Incumbent provides previous
correspondence and background information from the files for the Director.
Frequently, background information can be obtained only through contact with other
offices within OSTP, other Government and non-Government organizations and
outside sources, such as new media and scientific journals.
7.
Takes and transcribes dictation for the Director in the form of letters, memoranda,
presentation, etc. Edits, proofs, and collates documents into final form. When
requested takes notes at conferences and meetings.
8.
Receives telephone calls and visitors for the Director. Uses own judgment in
referring calls to the Director, handling many of the calls personally and referring
the remainder to the appropriated OSTP staff. A record of incoming and outgoing
calls is maintained and the incumbent prepares Diary Notes of those calls which
should become a part of the official record. The incumbent keeps a record of
commitments made by the Director and follow-up is made to insure that all
commitments are kept. The incumbent is authorized to commit the OSTP to furnish
information requested by the White House, offices within the Executive Office of the
President, members of Congress and other Government agencies. As required, the
incumbent transmits such requests to appropriated individuals and follow up to
insure that deadlines are met.
FACTOR 1. KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED BY THE POSITION
1.
Detailed knowledge of the functions, organization, procedures, and methods of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy Director and of the federal advisory
committees and inter-agency coordinating groups formed under the direction of the
Director, OSTP.
2.
Knowledge of assignments of personnel of the Office of Science and Technology
Policy.
3.
Knowledge of the substantive content and status of the work of the supervisor and
the other staff.
4.
Skill in dealing effectively with persons at all levels of Government within the White
House, other Government agencies, and non-government institutions, requiring
sound judgment, tact, and perception.
5.
Skill needed to organize, set procedures, and channel the flow of work to staff
members.
6.
Professional working knowledge of and competence in government correspondence,
procedures, and practices.
7.
Skill in taking and transcribing dictation accurately and rapidly. Ability to compose
replies to routine correspondence, and to initiate and compose inter and intra-office
memoranda.
8.
Skill in advising and instructing subordinate clerical and stenographic employees
concerning reporting and general clerical and administrative procedures of the
Office of Administration.
9.
Initiative and discerning judgment in the handling of assignments from the Director,
in negotiating Administrative issues, and in assuring that important deadline
commitments are met.
10.
Understanding of personal views and philosophy of the Director.
11.
Sound relationships with professional and support staff of the OSTP in order to
provide the most effective service.
12.
Ability to express ideas clearly and forcefully, both orally and in writing.
FACTOR 2. SUPERVISORY CONTROLS
The incumbent is under the immediate supervision of the Director, OSTP, who provides
general instructions and guidance, usually in terms of objectives rather than means. In
most matters, proceeds independently and on own initiative to fulfill responsibilities. Work
does not lend itself to review in the usual sense, but is subject to observation for proficiency
and overall effectiveness.
FACTOR 3. GUIDELINES
Guidelines include the policies, priorities, and commitments of the Director, and staff, the
administrative policies and procedures of OSTP and the Executive Office, and standard
office procedures. Many situations are not covered by guidelines and the incumbent must
simply rely on personal judgment to carry out the work in the most effective manner.
FACTOR 4. COMPLEXITY
As confidential secretary to the Director, the incumbent is expected to perform
responsibilities with a minimum of supervision and guidance from the Director, exercising
a maximum degree of independent initiative and judgment. Instructions and guidance are
brief and usually consist of objectives rather than means.
The incumbent is responsible for handling highly sensitive and confidential matters of
national and inter-national importance. Incumbent's work contacts are routinely at the
highest levels within the White House, other Government agencies, and non-Government
institutions. Responsibilities include personal contacts demanding a high degree of
judgment, tact and initiative, and requires the ability to communicate and work effectively
under pressure.
FACTOR 5. SCOPE AND EFFECT
The central mission of the Office of Science and Technology Policy is to provide scientific
and technological analysis for the President with respect to major policies, plans, and
programs of the Federal Government. The incumbent ensures that the clerical and
administrative portions of the director's work, and that of the staff, are accomplished
effectively allowing the Director to concentrate on professional and managerial duties. The
accurate and timely provision of information and other support functions facilitate the work
of the Director's office and the officials to which services are provided.
Incumbent has wide latitude, and exercises initiative, organization, and judgment in
determining priorities for handling the multitude of requests made personally by staff and
other persons who call on the office.
FACTOR 6. PERSONAL CONTACT
Contacts are made with the Director OSTP , other OSTP staff members, federal advisory
committees, members of interagency coordinating groups, and distinguished individuals
from the areas of science, education, management, labor and public affairs.
Contact is routinely at the highest levels within the White House, other Government
agencies, and non-government institutions.
FACTOR 7. PURPOSE OF CONTACT
Services all incoming inquiries. Provides administrative/secretarial services. Acts as
liaison with other OSTP offices to transmit requests, provide information, and procure
material of interest or value to the Assistant Director.
FACTOR 8. PHYSICAL DEMANDS
Work is sedentary.
FACTOR 9. WORK ENVIRONMENT
Work is performed within an office.
Office of Science and Technology Policy
New Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20506
Phone, 202-395-7347
Assistant to the President for Science and
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Technology and Director
Consultant to the Director
WILLIAM G. WELLS, JR.
Executive Assistant
DAMAR HAWKINS
Associate Director for Life Sciences
D. A. Henderson
Associate Director for Policy and International
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
Affairs
Associate Director for Physical Sciences and
Karl Erb - Acting
Engineering
Associate Director for Industrial Technology
Eugene Wong
Executive Secy for the Federal Coordinating
Charles Dickens
Council for Science and Technology
Executive Secy for the President's Council
Alicia Dustira
of Advisors for Science and Technology
The Office of Science and Technology
considerations involved in areas of
Policy was established within the
national concern, including the economy,
Executive Office of the President by the
national security, health, foreign
National Science and Technology Policy,
relations, and the environment; evaluate
Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976
the scale, quality, and effectiveness of
(42 U.S.C. 6611).
the Federal effort in science and
The Office serves as a source of
technology; provide advice and
assistance to the President, the Office of
scientific, engineering, and technological
Management and Budget, and Federal
analysis and judgment for the President
agencies throughout the Federal budget
with respect to major policies, plans, and
development process; and assist the
programs of the Federal Government. In
President in providing leadership and
carrying out this mission, the act
coordination for the research and
provides that the Office shall advise the
development programs of the Federal
President of scientific and technological
Government.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 13, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR CONNIE HORNER
FROM:
MARTHA GOODWIN mg
SUBJECT:
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)
Associate Director (Physical Sciences and
Engineering)
Candidate: Dr. Karl Erb
1. Why is the candidate a good choice?
Dr. Allan Bromley has consistently recruited his own
candidates in the past. He personally chose Dr. Karl
Erb as well. PPO concurs with this choice.
2. If relevant, substantively and/or politically, what
significant candidates have been turned for this position?
No other candidates were considered.
3. What constituencies or significant individuals will be happy
or unhappy with the appointment?
N/A
4. Who supports and who opposes the candidate?
N/A
5. Are there any additional significant or relevant points of
information regarding this candidate?
N/A
Office of Science and Technology Policy
New Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20506
Phone, 202-395-7347
Assistant to the President for Science and
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Technology and Director
Consultant to the Director
WILLIAM G. WELLS, JR.
Executive Assistant
DAMAR HAWKINS
Associate Director for Life Sciences
D. A. Henderson
Associate Director for Policy and International
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
Affairs
Associate Director for Physical Sciences and
Karl Erb - Acting
Engineering
Associate Director for Industrial Technology
Eugene Wong
Executive Secy for the Federal Coordinating
Charles Dickens
Council for Science and Technology
Executive Secy for the President's Council
Alicia Dustira
of Advisors for Science and Technology
The Office of Science and Technology
considerations involved in areas of
Policy was established within the
national concern, including the economy,
Executive Office of the President by the
national security, health, foreign
National Science and Technology Policy,
relations, and the environment; evaluate
Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976
the scale, quality, and effectiveness of
(42 U.S.C. 6611).
the Federal effort in science and
The Office serves as a source of
technology; provide advice and
assistance to the President, the Office of
scientific, engineering, and technological
Management and Budget, and Federal
analysis and judgment for the President
agencies throughout the Federal budget
with respect to major policies, plans, and
development process; and assist the
programs of the Federal Government. In
President in providing leadership and
carrying out this mission, the act
coordination for the research and
provides that the Office shall advise the
development programs of the Federal
President of scientific and technological
Government.
CURRICULUM VITAE - KARL A. ERB
Acting Associate Director, Physical Sciences and Engineering
Office of Science and Technology Policy, The White House
(Detailed from The National Science Foundation)
October 27, 1991
Education:
Ph.D., Physics, The University of Michigan, 1970
M.S., The University of Michigan, 1966
B.A., New York University, 1965
Positions Held:
10/91 - Present
Acting Associate Director, Physical Sciences and Engineering,
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP),
Executive Office of the President,
Washington, D.C.
(Detailed from The National Science Foundation)
12/89 - 10/91
Assistant Director, Physical Sciences and Engineering, OSTP
(Detailed from NSF)
5/91 - Present
Deputy Director, Physics Division, The National Science Foundation,
Washington, D.C.
7/86 5/91
Program Director, Nuclear Physics, The National Science Foundation
8/80 - 6/86
Physicist, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL),
Oak Ridge, TN
11/82 9/84
Technical Assistant to the Associate Director for Physical Sciences, ORNL
7/72 - 8/80
Yale University, New Haven, CT
Associate Professor of Physics, 1979 - 1980
Assistant Professor, 1974 - 1979
Instructor, 1972 - 1974
9/70 - 6/72
Postdoctoral Research Associate, The University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA
Awards/Honors:
Special Act Award, National Science Foundation 1990
Outstanding Performance Awards, National Science
Foundation, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988, 1987
Visiting Professor, J. W. Goethe University, 1979
National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, 1965
Major Committees: Federal Coordinating Council, Committee on Physical, Mathematical and
Engineering Sciences, 1991
Federal Manager, NSF/DOE Nuclear Science Advisory Committee,
1987 - 1989
Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Policy Committee,
1985 - 1986
Columbia University Physics Faculty Search Committee, 1985
NSF/DOE Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC)
1983 - 1985
NSAC Panel on Electron Accelerator Facilities, 1983
NSAC Long Range Plan Working Group, 1983
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Director's Discretionary Funds Committee,
1981 - 1983
Yale Economic Status of the Faculty Committee, 1979 - 1980
Research Areas:
Nuclear physics and accelerator physics
Publications:
Over 40 papers in refereed physics journals
Several book chapters and encyclopedia articles
Several dozen invited talks published in conference proceedings
A publication list is available on request.
Personal:
Date of Birth:
June 30, 1942, Chicago, Illinois
Spouse:
Betty Hesse Erb (married 1965)
Children:
Janet (1966), Margaret (1969)
Residence:
4115 33rd Rd. North, Arlington, VA, 22207
martha
fyi
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Ken you
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
OSTPfile
For Immediate Release
October 1, 1991
Dr. D. Allan Bromley, the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology,
today announced key personnel changes in the Office of Science and Technology
Policy (OSTP) to become effective October 1, 1991.
Dr. William D. Phillips, who has served since April 1990 as the Associate Director for
Industrial Technology, has found it necessary to return to his hometown of St. Louis
for medical reasons. Of Dr. Phillips' departure, Dr. Bromley said, "Bill Phillips has
been an ideal colleague and friend. As the first occupant of the OSTP Associate
Directorship in Industrial Technology, he has built new bridges between the
Administration and the private sector and has made major contributions to the
evolution of U.S. technology policy and the effective application of technology to
problems of national significance. He will be very much missed."
Dr. Eugene Wong, who has served since April 1990 as the Associate Director for
Physical Sciences and Engineering, will take over as Associate Director for Industrial
Technology. Before coming to OSTP, Dr. Wong had a 28-year career as a professor
of electrical engineering and computer science and as an administrator at the
University of California at Berkeley. In 1980 he cofounded the INGRES Corporation,
a pioneering company in database management systems. In his ten years with the
company, he actively participated in managing its growth to annual revenues of $170
million and 1,400 employees worldwide.
Dr. Karl Erb, who has served since December 1989 as the Assistant Director for
Physical Sciences and Engineering, will become the Acting Associate Director for
Physical Sciences and Engineering. Dr. Erb has been detailed to OSTP from the
National Science Foundation, where he is Deputy Director of the Division of Physics.
During his 20-year career as an experimental nuclear physicist, Dr. Erb has served as
Technical Assistant to the Associate Director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and,
prior to that, as an associate professor of physics at Yale University.
In announcing these reassignments, Dr. Bromley said, "OSTP is extremely fortunate in
having two such highly qualified individuals; both bring extensive experience and
background to their new responsibilities."
#
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
December 12, 1990
Martha Goodwin:
Here are two positions, full time, not
detailees.
Please forward names and resumes of any
candidates that you believe might be
interested. I am open to any
suggestions.
On the other positions we discussed the
other day, we should try to move quickly
-- especially on the Assistant Director
position. We have already begun to
interview on that one.
Thank you.
Ken Yale
martha we are forming now on hing
d need any and all recommendations
very quickly. Thank you d have also
mentered This to Jan naylor of
SECRETARY (TYPING)
GS-318 7/8
MAJOR DUTIES
Incumbent provides administrative/secretarial services to the Executive Director of the
President's Council of Advisors for Science and Technology (PCAST) and his staff.
1.
Performs administrative and clerical procedures which maintain and expedite
the daily operation of PCAST.
2.
Responsible for preparing all documents, correspondence, filing and other
material for the signature of the Executive Director.
3.
Handles the scheduling of meetings of the Council. Is responsible for
arrangements such as space, time, coordinating travel arrangements and
expense claims of the Council members.
4.
Schedules meetings with senior Government officials, greets visitors to the
Executive Director's office, answers the Executive Director's phones, makes
phone calls for the Executive Director to officials in the White House, the
Congress and the private sector.
5.
Assures the proper establishment, maintenance and archiving of files and other
records for the Council. Maintains personal and telephone contact within the
Executive Office of the President and throughout OSTP to transmit requests,
provide information, and procure material of interest to the staff.
6.
Types in final format correspondence, reports, memoranda, speeches and
dispatches. Checks, prior to release, all outgoing correspondence and
documentation prepared in PCAST for content, format, grammar, spelling,
clarity, tone, and compliance with policy. The incumbent must be familiar with
established procedures (OSTP, EOP and White House) for the preparation and
clearance of these documents. Incumbent ensures all such paperwork receive
the necessary routing and approval before release. Signs routine
correspondence of a general nature in the Executive Director's name or as
secretary and, in the absence of the Executive Director, frequently signs
correspondence in his name when it is in accordance with his views or has
been cleared by him.
7.
Receives incoming telephone calls and personal callers. Tactfully determines
the name of the caller and the nature of the business. Personally takes care of
many matters, including answering questions of an administrative nature not
requiring technical knowledge. Diverts those which, in the incumbent's
judgment, should be handled by other staff members. When background
information is necessary for the Executive Director to receive a caller or visitor,
incumbent tactfully postpones such meetings until she has obtained and
presented the information to him.
FACTOR 1. KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED BY THE POSITION
1.
Sufficient knowledge of the functions, organization, procedures, and methods of
OSTP.
2.
Knowledge of assignments of personnel within the OSTP staff.
3.
Knowledge of the substantive content and status of the work of the supervisor
and the other staff.
4.
Skill in dealing effectively with persons at all levels of government, within the
White House, other Government agencies, and non-government institutions.
This requires sound judgment, tact and perception.
5.
Skill to organize, set procedures, and channel the flow of documents to Council
members and other OSTP staff members.
6.
Professional working knowledge of and competence in Government
correspondence, procedures, protocols and practices.
7.
Ability to compose replies to routine correspondence and to initiate and
compose inter- and intra-office memoranda.
FACTOR 2. SUPERVISORY CONTROLS
The incumbent is under the immediate supervision of the Executive Director of
PCAST, who provides general instructions and guidance, usually in terms of objectives
rather than means. In most matters, proceeds independently on own initiative to
fulfill responsibilities in supporting the Executive Director.
FACTOR 3. GUIDELINES
Guides include the policies, priorities, commitments, and standard office procedures of
the OSTP, the Executive Director, Director and staff, and the Executive Office of the
President. Many situations are not covered by guidelines and the incumbent must
simply rely on personal judgment to carry out the work in the most effective manner.
FACTOR 4. COMPLEXITY
Incumbent, in providing administrative/secretarial services for the staff, must be
familiar with literally every Federal agency, several Congressional committees,
industrial and academic organizations.
The incumbent must keep track of the Executive Director's reponsibilities with regard
to PCAST.
The incumbent is responsible for ensuring that the procedural and administrative
controls of PCAST and of OSTP work smoothly, and that administrative details are
not overlooked.
FACTOR 5. SCOPE AND EFFECT
The incumbent ensures that the clerical and administrative portions of the work of
PCAST are accomplished effectively allowing the staff to concentrate on professional
and managerial duties.
Incumbent has wide latitude to exercise initiative, organization, and judgment in
determining priorities for handling the multitude of requests made personally by staff
and other persons who call on PCAST. Work routinely requires contact with the
highest levels within the EOP, other Government agencies, and non-government
institutions. In fulfilling these responsibilities, incumbent draws on a wide and
indepth knowledge of the agencies of the U.S. Government, committee/group
organizations, the membership and organization of professional and technical
organizations, and academic institutions.
FACTOR 6. PERSONAL CONTACT
In addition to immediate office staff, personal contacts are made with the Director,
OSTP, and other OSTP staff members; members of the White House staff; members
of the EOP staff; and distinguished individuals from other Government agencies and
the private sector--university and industry.
FACTOR 7. PURPOSE OF CONTACT
Services incoming inquiries for the Executive Director. Arranges meetings and obtains
information. Provides administrative/secretarial services. Acts as liaison with other
OSTP offices to transmit requests, provide information, and procure material of
interest or value to the staff.
FACTOR 8. PHYSICAL DEMANDS
Work is sedentary.
FACTOR 9. WORK ENVIRONMENT
Work is performed within an office.
SECRETARY (TYPING)
GS-318 7/8
MAJOR DUTIES
Incumbent provides administrative/secretarial services to the professional staffs of two
designated Associate Directors of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP).
The incumbent serves as back-up for the Associate Directors' Confidential Assistants
with whom he/she is collocated.
1.
Performs administrative and clerical procedures which maintain and expedite
the daily operation of the professional staff of the Associate Directors.
2.
Responsible for preparing documents, correspondence, filing and other material
for the signature of the professional staff.
3.
Upon coordination with the Confidential Assistants assists in the scheduling of
meetings convened by the Associate Directors. Is responsible for other
arrangements such as space, time, coordinating foreign travel arrangements and
foreign expense claims.
4.
Provides additional secretarial support in the immediate Office of the Director
of OSTP, when required. Schedules meetings with senior Government officials,
arranges foreign travel, greets visitors to the Director's office, answers the
Director's and the Chief of Staff's phones, makes phone calls for the Director
and Chief of Staff to officials in the White House, the Congress and the private
sector.
5.
Assures the proper establishment, maintenance and archiving of files and other
records for the professional staff. Maintains personal and telephone contact
within the Executive Office of the President and throughout OSTP to transmit
requests, provide information, and procure material of interest to the staff.
6.
Receives incoming telephone calls and personal callers. Tactfully determines
the name of the caller and the nature of the business. Personally takes care of
many matters, including answering questions of an administrative nature not
requiring technical knowledge. Diverts those which, in the incumbent's
judgment, should be handled by other staff members. When background
information is necessary for the staff to receive a caller or visitor, incumbent
tactfully postpones such meetings until she has obtained and presented the
information to them.
7.
Types from rough drafts involving technical, scientific and foreign terminology.
Types in final format correspondence, reports, memoranda, speeches and
international dispatches. Checks work for content, format, grammar, spelling,
clarity of tone, and compliance with policy. Incumbent ensures material is
routed as appropriate. The incumbent must be familiar with established
procedures (OSTP, EOP and White House) for the preparation and clearance
of these documents.
FACTOR 1. KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED BY THE POSITION
1.
Sufficient knowledge of the functions, organization, procedures, and methods of
OSTP.
2.
Knowledge of assignments of personnel within the OSTP staff.
3.
Knowledge of the substantive content and status of the work of the supervisor
and the other staff.
4.
Skill in dealing effectively with persons at all levels of government, within the
White House, other Government agencies, and non-government institutions.
This requires sound judgment, tact and perception.
5.
Skill to organize, set procedures, and channel the flow of documents to other
OSTP staff members.
6.
Professional working knowledge of and competence in Government
correspondence, procedures, protocols and practices.
7.
Ability to compose replies to routine correspondence and to initiate and
compose inter- and intra-office memoranda.
FACTOR 2. SUPERVISORY CONTROLS
The incumbent is under the immediate supervision of a designated Associate Director,
who provides general instructions and guidance, usually in terms of objectives rather
than means. In serving as primary back up to two Associate Director's Confidential
Assistants, also receives instructions from the Confidential Assistants or the Associate
Directors and their Assistant Directors. In most matters, proceeds independently on
own initiative to fulfill responsibilities in supporting the professional staffs of the
Associate Directors. As a shared secretary between the offices of two Associate
Directors, incumbent must remain flexible and receptive to requests from a variety of
sources. In instances of conflicting priorities, incumbent should consult the Associate
Director designated as supervisor.
FACTOR 3. GUIDELINES
Guides include the policies, priorities, commitments, and standard office procedures of
the OSTP, the Associate Directors, Director and staff, and the Executive Office.
Many situations are not covered by guidelines and the incumbent must simply rely on
personal judgment to carry out the work in the most effective manner.
FACTOR 4. COMPLEXITY
Incumbent, in providing administrative/secretarial services for the staff, must be
familiar with literally every Federal agency, several Congressional committees,
industrial and academic organizations.
The incumbent is responsible for ensuring that the procedural and administrative
controls of the staff of the Associate Directors' offices and of OSTP work smoothly,
and that administrative details are not overlooked.
FACTOR 5. SCOPE AND EFFECT
The incumbent ensures that the clerical and administrative portions of the work of
the staff of the Associate Directors' are accomplished effectively allowing the staff to
concentrate on professional and managerial duties.
Incumbent has some latitude to exercise initiative, organization, and judgment in
determining priorities for handling the multitude of requests made personally by staff
and other persons who call on the Associate Directors' offices. However, incumbent
must work within certain guidelines set by the Confidential Assistants of the Associate
Directors and conform to the distinctive styles of each office. Work routinely requires
contact with the highest levels within the EOP, other Government agencies, and non-
government institutions. In fulfilling these responsibilities, incumbent draws on a
wide and indepth knowledge of the agencies of the U.S. Government, committee/group
organizations, the membership and organization of professional and technical
organizations, and academic institutions.
FACTOR 6. PERSONAL CONTACT
In addition to immediate office staff, personal contacts are made with the other OSTP
staff members, members of the EOP staff and distinguished individuals from the
private sector--university and industry.
FACTOR 7. PURPOSE OF CONTACT
Services incoming inquiries for the staff. Arranges meetings and obtains information.
Provides administrative/secretarial services. Acts as liaison with other OSTP offices
to transmit requests, provide information, and procure material of interest or value to
the staff.
FACTOR 8. PHYSICAL DEMANDS
Work is sedentary.
FACTOR 9. WORK ENVIRONMENT
Work is performed within an office.
Document Originally
Jan-
Attached to
This is a
Following Page
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w/some computer
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EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
can 80 to a 9.
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
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WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500
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11-23-90
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abilities and an understanding of issues
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Thank you + best repards
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Correspondence and Information Control Assistant GS-303-7
MAJOR DUTIES
The incumbent of this position serves as a Correspondence and Information Control
Assistant, Administration Office, Office of Science and Technology Policy. The
incumbent performs a variety of administrative duties which ensures a smooth flow of
business, OSTP-wide. The incumbent provides a wide variety of important,
confidential, sensitive, and urgent assignments in support of the OSTP.
1. Receives, assigns, and controls, congressional, department, public and internally
generated correspondence and inquiries requiring the signature of the Director, or
Associate Director. Coordinates and controls correspondence directed to the
Director or Associate Directors. Follows up to ensure observance of deadlines
and coordination of internal comments and clearance.
2. Ensures that correspondence prepared by OSTP offices or divisions for the
Director's signature is free of grammatical and typographical errors and
addresses the primary issues, questions or concerns raised by the requestor.
3. Coordinates the sorting and distribution all mail addressed to the agency.
Examines all mail for content to determine which organizational unit is
responsible for the response and who should sign the response. Assigns and
controls all correspondence through an established control/assignment system, i.e.
routing memoranda, control numbers, subject due dates.
4. Assists in the maintenance of the computerized OSTP Correspondence Control
System which monitors correspondence. Inputs data, via a computer terminal,
concerning incoming and outgoing correspondence. Contacts appropriate OSTP
officials or lead secretaries to determine the status of overdue correspondence.
5. Updates assigned portions of the OSTP Administrative Guidance Manual which
describes correspondence procedures and responsibilities, internal routing slip
processes, contents and back up materials, and correspondence formats.
6. Maintains reference material and internal library for OSTP use ensuring most
current, OSTP-interest material is available.
7. Assists the Administrative Officer with the handling of numerous inquiries and
action items.
8. Receives, assigns and controls all Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests
and FOIA appeals. Coordinates responses with staff and OSTP Legal Counsel.
FACTOR 1. KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED BY THE POSITION
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1. Ability to quickly gain a knowledge of the role, functions, responsibilities,
programs and activities of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and
knowledge of the organization and operations of the White House and the various
Federal departments and agencies that comprise the Executive Branch of the
Government.
2. Ability to quickly gain a knowledge of internal staff assigments and
responsibilities, and an intimate knowledge of the most appropriate and
expedient points of contact on Office matters.
3. Knowledge of correspondence procedures and style manuals, and varied
information sources and communication systems.
4. Ability to analyze, read, disseminate and brief materials quickly and skillfully.
5. Ability to locate and assemble information for various reports, briefings, or
meetings.
6. Ability to maintain filing system and to operate monitoring systems and the
computerized correspondence system.
7. Skill in oral communications and excellence in writing and editing ability. Skill
in detailed checking and reviewing for accuracy. Ability to produce quality work
products within quick turnaround times.
8. Ability to maintain friendly and cordial relationships with members of the staff of
the Office, as well as with key officials of the White House, other parts of the
Executive Office of the President, Congressional offices, and other Federal
agencies. Skill and tact in handling their inquiries and informing them of views
and opinions of the Director or Associate Directors.
FACTOR 2. SUPERVISORY CONTROLS
The incumbent works under the general supervision of the Administrative Officer who
makes assignments by defining objectives, priorities, and deadlines; and assists with
unusual situations. The incumbent works independently in performing regular and
recurring duties and responsibilities, but receives guidance on new or special
assignments. The incumbent advises the supervisor of problems encountered. Written
material is generally subject to review for subject matter at time of signing. Work is
reviewed for technical soundness, appropriateness and conformity to policy and
requirements.
FACTOR 3. GUIDELINES
Guidelines include the policies and priorities, and commitments of the Director; the
administrative policies and procedures of OSTP and the EOP; and standard office
practices. Many situations require the interpretation and adaptation of existing
guidelines. The supervisor is consulted when situations are not covered by guidelines.
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests require the incumbent to become
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familiar with the existing FOIA procedures (Section 900 OMB Manual (5 U.S.C. 552
as amended)).
FACTOR 4. COMPLEXITY
The incumbent performs administrative support functions for the members of the
staff. Decisions regarding what needs to be done, and how to accomplish the tasks,
are based on the incumbent's knowledge of duties, priorities, commitments, policies,
and program goals of the OSTP.
The responsibilities of this position encompass the entire range of activities and
functions of the Office. The principal responsibility of the incumbent is to provide
assistance to the staff by the performance of diversified tasks and activites which
enhance the supervisor's effectiveness in conducting the affairs of the Office; other
major responsibilities are those of a confidential assistant.
FACTOR 5. SCOPE AND EFFECT
The incumbent has continual access to highly controversial and sensitive information,
and is expected to maintain the confidentiality of the work. Work is expected to be
completed in a timely manner and be representative of a high degree of good
judgement.
Essential duties are to ensure the smooth flow of business through the Office and to
coordinate action papers with Office staff, agency staff, White House staff, and
sometimes Congressional staff. Diversified tasks include such activities as will
enhance the functioning and responsiveness of the Director and Associate Directors
Office.
FACTOR 6. PERSONAL CONTACTS
The incumbent has frequent contacts with high level officials both within OSTP and
from other Federal agencies. The incumbent also has frequent contacts with members
of concerned interest groups, congressional offices, as well as with members of the
general public.
FACTOR 7. PURPOSE OF CONTACTS
The incumbent assists with orchestrating the smooth flow of business through the
Director's Office and coordinates action papers with office staff, agency staff, White
House staff and Congressional staff. Follows up to see that deadlines are being met.
FACTOR 8. PHYSICAL DEMANDS
The work is sedentary. No special qualifications required.
FACTOR 9. WORK ENVIRONMENT
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The work is performed in an office setting.
Martha
5 September 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR BONNIE NEWMAN
From: Chase Untermeyer
Subj: Dr Bromley's Staff Salary Requests
Dr Bromley wants to bring the following people into
staff-level (ie, non-PAS) positions in OSTP:
*
Michele van Cleve, now SES-2 or equivalent; wants her
SES-4.
* Bob Post, now GS-15 in OSTP; wants him SES-4.
* Judy Bostick, now GS-14 in OMB; wants her SES-3.
* Nancy Maynard, now GM-15 at NASA; wants her SES-4.
Dr Bromley said "they have no intention of moving (here) if
only for an SES-1. I can't afford to screw around with finding
people. I got to get these people on board."
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 14, 1989
MEMORANDUM TO CHASE UNTERMEYER
FROM:
MARTHA H. GOODWIN mg
RE:
Associate Director Candidates for OSTP
You asked us to conduct a political check for two Associate
Director Candidates that Dr. Bromley has recommended.
James Wyngaarden is out of the country until the middle of July
and we have been unable to contact anyony who is familiar with
his political background. We will speak with him as soon as he
returns.
Dr. Thomas Ratchford is a Republican but has not been active in
political campaigns. He has, however, contributed to Republican
campaigns including: Don Ritter (R - PA); Claudine Schneider
(R - RI); Gov. James Martin (R - NC) He voted for Reagan/Bush
in 1980 and 1984, and for President Bush in 1988.
Namechecks are being initiated.
MARTHA-
WYNGAARDEN IS A DEMO (AT LEAST AT
HEART). AND RATCHSOLD HAS DONE NUTHING
Fon THE PRESIDENT!
On
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
1
June 8, 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR JOHN H. SUNUNU
FROM:
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Duan
SUBJECT:
Associate Directors of OSTP
As we discussed earlier today, I should much appreciate it
if we could initiate the FBI clearance and other paperwork
that would be required were you and the President to accept
my nomination of the following two very able individuals as
Associate Directors of OSTP:
Dr. Thomas Ratchford
Dr. James Wyngaarden
I am enclosing up-to-date biographical data on each. As you
will recall, these are Presidential appointments confirmed
by the Senate.
I make this request in order to reduce the delay that would
ensue were we to wait until after my own Senate confirmation
to begin this process. Currently, we are hoping to meet the
Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee reporting
requirements so that my confirmation hearing can be
scheduled for June 20. If we miss this window, the next
opportunity will be in late July or early August.
Attachments
? ? politicoluck
Biographical Information
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
Dr. J. Thomas Ratchford is the Associate Executive Officer of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). At AAAS he
serves as deputy to the chief executive officer and heads the Association's
six program offices.
Educated and trained as a solid state physicist, he taught at
Washington and Lee University and has served on research staffs of various
private and governmental laboratories. From 1964 to 1970, he was
responsible for formulating and administering a basic research program in
the solid state sciences for the Office of Scientific Research of the
Department of the Air Force. Dr. Ratchford served on the professional
staff of the Committee on Science and Technology of the United States House
of Representatives from 1970 to 1977, and was one of the first scientists
to serve the Congress on a full-time basis. His responsibilities there
dealt mainly with policy and funding for science and for energy research
and development.
As a Congressional Fellow of the American Political Science
Association during 1968-69, he served in the offices of Members of the
House and Senate with particular interests in scientific and technological
issues. In 1976 Dr. Ratchford was a Research Scholar at the International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg, Austria, doing
research on the economics and technologies of global energy system.
Over the years he has chaired outside advisory panels for
organizations such as the Gas Research Institute and the Congressional
Office of Technology Assessment, and has served as consultant and advisor
to governmental, university and industrial organizations. He recently
completed a three-year term as chair of the National Science Foundation's
Advisory Committee on International Programs. Formerly Secretary of the
International Development Conference, he remains a trustee of that
organization.
Dr. Ratchford received his B.S. in mathematics and physics from
Davidson College in 1957. The University of Virginia awarded him an M.A.
in 1959 and a Ph.D. in 1961, both in physics. A member of Phi Beta Kappa
and Sigma Xi, he is a Fellow of the AAAS and a member of the American
Physical Society and the Virginia Academy of Science.
12/88
INSTITUTES
Q
HEALTH
JAMES BARNES WYNGAARDEN, M.D.
Director, National Institutes of Health
U.S. Public Health Service
Department of Health and Human Services
2433
Born October 19, 1924, East Grand Rapids, Michigan
Education Calvin College, 1942-43, Western Michigan University, 1943-44. M.D., University of Michigan
Medical School, 1948.
Professional History Intem and Resident, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 1948-52. Visiting
Investigator, Public Health Research institute of the City of New York, New York, 1952-53. Investigator,
National Heart Institute, NIH, 1953-54, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, NIH, 1954-56.
Clinical Instructor in Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 1954-56. Associate
Professor of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 1956-59. Associate Professor
of Medicine and Blochemistry, Duke University, 1959-61. Professor of Medicine and Associate Professor of
Blochemistry, Duke University, 1961-65. Visiting Scientist, Institut de Blologle-Physlochemique, Paris, 1963-64.
Frank Wistar Thomas Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine, and Professor of Biochemistry,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 1965-67. Physician-In-Chief, Medical Service,
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1965-67. Frederic M. Hanes Professor and Chairman, Department
of Medicine, Duke University, 1967-82. Physician-in-Chief. Medical Service, Duke University Hospital, 1967-82.
Chief of Staff, Duke University Hospital, 1981-82. Director, National Institutes of Health, 1982-present.
Professional Organizations American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, American Board of Internal Medicine, American Clinical and Climatological
Association, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Clinical Research, American
Rheumatism Association, American Society for Clinical Investigation, American Society of Biological Chemists,
Association of American Physicians. Endocrine Society, National Academy of Sciences, NAS/Institute of
Medicine, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, Sigma Xi.
Honors. Awards University Scholar in Professional Schools (Medical), University of Michigan, 1946. Alpha
Omega Alpha (University of Michigan), 1947. Cum laude with First Honors, University of Michigan, 1948.
Dalton Scholar in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1948. Honorary Membership In the Italian
Society of Rheumatology, 1961. Consultant to the Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the
President, 1966-72. Sesquicentennial Award, University of Michigan, 1967. Appointed to the President's
Science Advisory Committee, 1972. Modern Medicine Award for Distinguished Achievement, 1974. Election
to the National Academy of Sciences, 1974. North Carolina Governor's Award in Science, 1974. Appointed to
the President's Committee for the National Medal of Science, 1977-80. Founder's Medal, Southern Society for
Clinical Investigation, 1978. The John Phillips Memorial Award, American College of Physicians, 1980.
Honorary Membership in the Sociedad Medica de Santlago de Chile, 1981. Fellow of the Royal College of
Physicians of London, 1984. Distinguished Alumnus Award, Western Michigan University, 1984. Election to
Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden, 1987. U.S.-Israel Binational Foundation Board of Governors, 1987.
French and American AIDS Foundation Board of Trustees, 1987. World AIDS Foundation Board of Directors,
1987. Chairman, Blotechnology Sciences Coordinating Committee. OSTP, 1988.
Honorary Degrees University of Michigan, D.Sc., 1980. Medical College of Ohio, D.Sc., 1984. University of
Illinois 1987. at Chicago, D.Sc., 1985. George Washington University, D.Sc., 1986. Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ph.D.,
OSTP file
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
January 2, 1991
Ron Kaufman
Janet Naylor:
Attached is a description of the National Critical
Materials Council.
We are currently looking to fill a vacancy in the Executive
Director position (described on the last two pages of the
Attached to
attached material). I am bringing this to your attention
Document Originally
as Dr. Bromley chairs this Council and will have
substantial input on the selection of the chair. Although
Council staff probably have some idea of their own
candidate, I wanted to get your thoughts on how best to
fill this position. We decided just today to find a
suitable permanent person (it is currently filled
temporarily) and we are looking to fill it very soon.
Please call if you have any questions.
Thank you.
Ken Yale
d would an also interested in B. Healy states.
Thanks Jan !
K
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National Critical
TITLE II-NATIONAL CRITICAL MATERIALS ACT OF 1984
Materials Act of
1984.
SHORT TITLE
80 USC 1801
SEC. 201. This title may be cited as the "National Critical Materi-
note.
als Act of 1984".
PUBLIC LAW 98-373-JULY 81, 1984
98 STAT. 1249
FINDINGS AND PURPOSES
Sec. 202. (a) The Congress finds that-
80 USC 1801.
(1) the availability of adequate supplies of strategic and criti-
cal industrial minerals and materials continues to be essential
duction; for national security, economic well-being, and industrial pro-
(2) the United States is increasingly dependent on foreign
sources of materials and vulnerable to supply interruption in
the case of many of those minerals and materials essential to
the Nation's defense and economic well-being;
(3) together with increasing import dependence, the Nation's
industrial base, including the capacity to process minerals and
materials, is deteriorating-both in terms of facilities and in
terms of a trained labor force;
(4) research, development, and technological innovation, espe-
cially related to improved materials and new processing tech-
nologies, are important factors which affect our long-term capa-
bility for economic competitiveness, as well as for adjustment to
interruptions in supply of critical minerals and materials;
(5) while other nations have developed and implemented spe-
cific long-term research and technology programs to develop
high-performance materials, no such policy and program evolu-
tion has occurred in the United States;
(6) establishing critical materials reserves, by both the public
and private sectors and with proper organization and manage-
ment, represents one means of responding to the genuine risks
to our economy and national defense from dependency on for-
eign sources;
(7) there exists no single Federal entity with the authority
and responsibility for establishing critical materials policy and
for coordinating and implementing that policy; and
(8) the importance of materials to national goals requires an
organizational means for establishing responsibilities for mate-
rials programs and for the coordination, within and at a suit-
ably high level of the Executive Office of the President, with
other existing policies within the Federal Government.
(b) It is the purpose of this title-
(1) to establish a National Critical Materials Council under
shall- and reporting to the Executive Office of the President which
(A) establish responsibilities for and provide for necessary
coordination of critical materials policies, including all
facets of research and technology, among the various agen.
cies and departments of the Federal Government, and make
recommendations for the implementation of such policies;
(B) bring to the attention of the President, the Congress,
and the general public such materials issues and concerns,
including research and development, as are deemed critical
to the economic and strategic health of the Nation; and
(C) ensure adequate and continuing consultation with the
private sector concerning critical materials, materials re-
search and development, use of materials, Federal materi-
als policies, and related matters;
(2) to establish a national Federal program for advanced
materials research and technology, including basic phenomena
through processing and manufacturing technology; and
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98 STAT. 1250
PUBLIC LAW 98-378-JULY 31, 1984
(8) to stimulate innovation and technology utilization in basic
as well as advanced materials industries.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL CRITICAL MATERIALS COUNCIL
80 USC 1802.
SEC. 203. There is hereby established a National Critical Materials
Council (hereinafter referred to as the "Council") under and report-
ing to the Executive Office of the President. The Council shall be
composed of three members who shall be appointed by the President
and who shall serve at the pleasure of the President. Members so
appointed who are not already Senate-confirmed officers of the
Government shall be appointed by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate. The President shall designate one of the members to
serve as Chairman. Each member shall be a person who, as a result
of training, experience, and achievement, is qualified to carry out
the duties and functions of the Council, with particular emphasis
placed on fields relating to materials policy or materials science and
engineering. In addition, at least one of the members shall have a
background in and understanding of environmentally related issues.
RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITIES OF THE COUNCIL
80 USC 1803.
SEC. 204. (a) It shall be the primary responsibility of the Council-
(1) to assist and advise the President in establishing coherent
national materials policies consistent with other Federal poli-
cies, and making recommendations necessary to implement
such policies;
(2) to assist in establishing responsibilities for, and to coordi-
nate, Federal materials-related policies, programs, and research
and technology activities, as well as recommending to the Office
of Management and Budget budget priorities for materials ac-
tivities in each of the Federal departments and agencies;
(3) to review and appraise the various programs and activities
of the Federal Government in accordance with the policy and
directions given in the National Materials and Minerals Policy,
Research and Development Act of 1980 (30 U.S.C. 1601), and to
determine the extent to which such programs and activities are
contributing to the achievement of such policy and directions;
(4) to monitor and evaluate the critical materials needs of
basic and advanced technology industries and the Government,
including the critical materials research and development needs
of the private and public sectors;
(5) to advise the President of mineral and material trends,
both domestic and foreign, the implications thereof for the
United States and world economies and the national security,
and the probable effects of such trends on domestic industries;
(6) to assess through consultation with the materials academic
community the adequacy and quality of materials-related edu-
cational institutions and the supply of materials scientists and
engineers;
(7) to make or furnish such studies, analyses, reports, and
recommendations with respect to matters of materials-related
policy and legislation as the President may request;
Report.
(8)(A) to prepare a report providing a domestic inventory of
critical materials with projections on the prospective needs of
Government and industry for these materials, including a long-
range assessment, prepared in conjunction with the Office of
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PUBLIC LAW 98-873-JULY 81, 1984
98 STAT. 1251
Science and Technology Policy in accordance with the National
Materials and Minerals Policy, Research and Development Act
of 1980, and in conjunction with such other Government depart-
30 USC 1601
ments or agencies as may be considered necessary, of the pro-
note.
spective major critical materials problems which the United
States is likely to confront in the immediate years ahead and
providing advice as to how these problems may best be ad-
dressed, with the first such report being due on April 1, 1985,
and (B) review and update such report and assessment as
appropriate and report thereon to the Congress at least bienni-
ally; and
(9) to recommend to the Congress such changes in current
policies, activities, and regulations of the Federal Government,
and such legislation, as may be considered necessary to carry
out the intent of this title and the National Materials and
Minerals Policy, Research and Development Act of 1980.
(b) In carrying out its responsibilities under this section the
Council shall have the authority-
Advisory panels
and interagency
(1) to establish such special advisory panels as it considers
committees.
necessary, with each such panel consisting of representatives of
industry, academia, and other members of the private sector,
not to exceed ten members, and being limited in scope of subject
and duration; and
(2) to establish and convene such Federal interagency commit-
title. tees as it considers necessary in carrying out the intent of this
(c) In seeking to achieve the goals of this title and related Acts, the
Council and other Federal departments and agencies with responsi-
bilities or jurisdiction related to materials or materials policy, in-
cluding the National Security Council, the Council on Environmen-
tal Quality, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Office of
Science and Technology Policy, shall work collaboratively and in
close cooperation.
PROGRAM AND POLICY FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH AND
TECHNOLOGY
Sec. 205. (a) In addition to the responsibilities described in section
80 USC 1804.
204, the Council shall be responsible for coordination with appropri-
ate agencies and departments of the Federal Government relative to
Federal materials research and development policies and programs.
Such policies and programs shall be consistent with the policies and
goals described in the National Materials and Minerals Policy,
sibility the Council shall-
Research and Development Act of 1980. In carrying out this respon-
(1)(A) establish a national Federal program plan for advanced
materials research and development, recommend the designa.
tion of the key responsibilities for carrying out such research,
and to provide for coordination of this plan with the Office of
Science and Technology Policy, the Office of Management and
Budget, and such other Federal offices and agencies as may be
deemed appropriate, and (B) annually review such plan and
report thereon to the Congress;
(2) review annually the materials research, development, and
technology authorization requests and budgets of all Federal
agencies and departments: and in this activity the Council shall
make recommendations, in cooperation with the Office of Sci-
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98 STAT. 1252
PUBLIC LAW 98-873-JULY 31, 1984
ence and Technology Policy, the Office of Management and
Budget, and all other Federal offices and agencies deemed
appropriate, to ensure close coordination of the goals and direc-
tions of such programs with the policies determined by the
Council; and
(8) assist the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the
preparation of such long-range materials assessments and re-
ports as may be required by the National Materials and Miner-
80 USC 1601
als Policy, Research and Development Act of 1980, and assist
note.
other Federal entities in the preparation of analyses and report.
ing relating to critical and advanced materials.
(b) The Office of Management and Budget, in reviewing the
materials research, development, and technology authorization re-
quests of the various Federal departments and agencies for any
fiscal year, and the recommendations of the Council, shall consider
all of such requests and recommendations as an integrated, coher-
ent, multiagency request which shall be reviewed by the Office of
Management and Budget for its adherence to the national Federal
materials program plan in effect for such fiscal year under subsec-
tion (a).
INNOVATION IN BASIC AND ADVANCED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
Centers for
Industrial
Sec. 206. (a)(1) In order to promote the use of more cost-effective,
Technology.
advanced technology and other means of providing for innovation
30 USC 1805.
and increased productivity within the basic and advanced materials
industries, the Council shall evaluate and make recommendations
regarding the establishment of Centers for Industrial Technology as
provided in Public Law 96-480 (15 U.S.C. 8705).
(2) The activities of such Centers shall focus on, but not be limited
to, the following generic materials areas: corrosion; welding and
joining of materials; advanced processing and fabrication technol-
ogies; microfabrication; and fracture and fatigue.
(b) In order to promote better use and innovation of materials in
design for improved safety or efficiency, the Council shall establish
in cooperation with the appropriate Federal agencies and private
industry, an effective mechanism for disseminating materials prop-
erty data in an efficient and timely manner. In carrying out this
responsibility, the Council shall consider, where appropriate, the
establishment of a computerized system taking into account, to the
maximum extent practicable, existing available resources.
COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS AND REIMBURSEMENTS
80 USC 1806.
SEC. 207. (a) The Chairman of the Council, if not otherwise a paid
officer or employee of the Federal Government, shall be paid at the
rate not to exceed the rate of basic pay provided for level II of the
Executive Schedule. The other members of the Council, if not
otherwise paid officers or employees of the Federal Government,
shall be paid at a per diem rate comparable to the rate not to exceed
the rate of basic pay provided for level III of the Executive Schedule.
(b) Subject to existing law and regulations governing conflicts of
interest, the Council may accept reimbursement from any private
nonprofit organization or from any department, agency, or instru-
mentality of the Federal Government, or from any State or local
government, for reasonable travel expenses incurred by any
member or employee of the Council in connection with such mem-
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PUBLIC LAW 98-373-JULY 31, 1984
98 STAT. 1258
ber's or employee's attendance at any conference, seminar, or simi-
lar meeting.
POSITION AND AUTHORITIES OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
SEC. 208. (a) There shall be an Executive Director (hereinafter 80 USC
1807.
referred to as the "Director"), who shall be chief administrator of
the Council. The Director shall be appointed by the Council full time
and shall be paid at the rate not to exceed the rate of basic pay
provided for level III of the Executive Schedule.
(b) The Director is authorized-
(1) to employ such personnel as may be necessary for the
Council to carry out its duties and functions under this title, but
not to exceed twelve compensated employees;
(2) to obtain the services of experts and consultants in accord-
ance with the provisions of section 3109 of title 5, United States
Code; and
(3) to develop, subject to approval by the Council, rules and
regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of this title.
Director- (c) In exercising his responsibilities and duties under this title, the
(1) may consult with representatives of academia, industry,
labor, State and local governments, and other groups; and
(2) shall utilize to the fullest extent possible the services,
facilities, and information (including statistical information) of
public and private agencies, organizations, and individuals.
(d) Notwithstanding section 367(b) of the Revised Statutes (31
U.S.C. 665(b)), the Council may utilize voluntary and uncompensated 81 USC
1342.
labor and services in carrying out its duties and functions.
RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES OF THE DIRECTOR
SEC. 209. In carrying out his functions the Director shall assist
30 USC 1808.
and advise the Council on policies and programs of the Federal
Government affecting critical and advanced materials by-
(1) providing the professional and administrative staff and
support for the Council;
(2) assisting the Federal agencies and departments in apprais-
ing the effectiveness of existing and proposed facilities, pro-
grams, policies, and activities of the Federal Government,
including research and development, which affect critical mate-
rials availability and needs;
(3) cataloging, as fully as possible, research and development
activities of the Government, private industry, and public and
private institutions; and
(4) initiating Government and private studies and analyses,
including those to be conducted by or under the auspices of the
Council, designed to advance knowledge of critical or advanced
materials issues and develop alternative proposals, including
problems. research and development, to resolve national critical materials
AUTHORITY
SEC. 210. The Council is authorized-
30 USC 1809.
(1) to establish such internal rules and regulations as may be
necessary for its operation;
Regulations.
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98 STAT. 1254
PUBLIC LAW 98-378-JULY 81, 1984
Contracts with
(2) to enter into contracts and acquire materials and supplies
U.S.
necessary for its operation to such extent or in such amounts as
are provided for in appropriation Acts;
Public
(8) to publish, consistent with title 44 of the United States
Information.
Code, or arrange to publish critical materials information that
it deems to be useful to the public and private industry to the
extent that such publication is consistent with the national
defense and economic interest;
(4) to utilize such services or personnel as may be provided to
the Council on a reimbursable basis by any agency of the United
States; and
(5) to exercise such authorities as may be necessary and
incidental to carrying out its responsibilities and duties under
this title.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
30 USC 1810.
Sec. 211. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to carry
out the provisions of this title a sum not to exceed $500,000 for the
fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, and such sums as may be
necessary thereafter: Provided, That the authority provided for in
this title shall expire on September 30, 1990, unless otherwise
authorized by Congress.
DEFINITION
30 USC 1811.
Sec. 212. As used in this title, the term "materials" has the
meaning given it by section 2(b) of the National Materials and
30 USC 1801.
Minerals Policy, Research and Development Act of 1980.
Approved July 81, 1984.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY-S. 873:
HOUSE REPORTS No. 98-598, Pt. 1 (Comm. on Science and Technology) and Pt. 2
(Comm. on Merchant Marine and Fisheries).
SENATE REPORT No. 98-159 (Comm. on Governmental Affairs).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
Vol. 129 (1988): June 27, considered and passed Senate.
VoL 130 (1984). Apr. 24. considered and passed House, amended.
June 21, Senate concurred in House amendments with amend-
ment
June 26, House concurred in Senate amendments.
MAR 19 1990
of
THE WHITE HOUSE
"R 19 yes:
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM
FOR Dr. D. Allen Bromly
FROM:
Martha Goodwin 1JMG
DATE:
2/22
SUBJECT:
R. Brewster Knight
Please review the attached resume for the position and level
indicated below.
AGENCY:
OSTP
POSITION:
COMMENTS:
for your review - possibly for
any part-time consulting need
Might well fill a consulting mud. we will
Ruf humane on our acture files.
Many thanks! Many Thanks!
DAB.
All- OSTP
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM
FOR Dr. D. Allen Bromley, Chairman
FROM:
Martha Doodurn 10MG
DATE:
6/12
SUBJECT:
Dug Hess
Please review the attached resume for the position and level
indicated below.
AGENCY:
OSTP
POSITION:
for your consideration
Jan-
COMMENTS:
Pls see
me about
this.
Martha:
mg
Manyshanks! Sthink
however, that daw bum able to
attract a superstarin The pason of
John Sunimu his
Martha:
approved and Jundu stant that
Many thanks. I think, however
and are now working on the
that I have been able to
attract a superstar in the
nomenation process.
Allan
person of D.A. Henderson.
John Sununu has approved and
I understand that we are now
working on the nomination
process.
Allan
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OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, USDA
NO. 353
P002/004
FAX 10
456-2490
DONNA KNecHT
GREGORY P. HESS, M.D.
1870 N. Scott Street, Suite 654
Telephone: 202-447-5297
Arlington, Virginia 22209
Strategic Planning &
Policy Development
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1990 White House Fellow, Presidential Appointee as Special Assistant to Clayton Yeutter, Secretary of
Agriculture. Policy analyst and advisor to the Secretary and Subcabinet. Special areas of expertise
include food safety, science and environmental issues, both domestic and international aspects.
Member of the Agricultural Policy Coordination Council, addressing priority issues of national
concern and intergovernmental policy implementation. Liaison to Food and Drug Administration,
Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Participant in the Uruguay
Round Negotiating Group on Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Regulations and Barriers,
Geneva, Switzerland. Special U.S. Participant, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme,
Codex Alimentarius Commission, D.C.
1989 President, Founder & CEO Emergency Medicine Physicians, providing complete Emergency
Medicine hospital services including physician staffing, billing, risk management, quality assurance,
and medical education programs. Directed all areas of budget, finance, contract negotiations,
malpractice insurance, recruitment and third party reimbursement. Consultation services, including
medicolegal risk management.
Director of Emergency Medicine, Kissimmee Memorial Hospital, directing the Attending and
support staff in all facets of patient care. Active, Full Privileges, including First Surgical Assistant.
Member of the Executive Committee and Critical Care Committee. Director and Founder of
Topics in Emergency Medicine monthly lecture series, AMA approved for category 1 continuing
medical education. Member of the Osceola County Emergency Medical Services Council; offered
the first County Directorship. Active in community health care education programs and hospital
public relations activities. Established the highest standard of emergency care in the county,
increased patient visits and increased hospital revenue.
Director of Sports Medicine & Occupational Medicine, Lakefront Medical Center. A 15,000 sq.
ft. facility providing pre-competitive athletic evaluations, executive health assessments, and care of
sports medicine illnesses and orthopaedic disorders. Services include laboratory, X-ray, pulmonary
& cardiovascular testing, physical therapy and rehabilitation, aquatic, aerobic and weight training
programs. Support staff include exercise physiologists, athletic trainers, physical therapists,
nutritionists and 27 consulting, subspecialty physicians. Team Physician, U.S. Alpine Ski Team.
Regional Medical Director, The Sterling Group, providing consultation to Sterling and their
Southeastern clients in areas of Emergency Medicine practice management, medicolegal risk
management and Emergency Department services.
Clinical Instructor in Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, providing didactic
academic instruction and clinical supervision for Residents and Medical Students. Instructor in
Advanced Trauma Life Support, Advanced Cardiac Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life
Support.
90
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OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, USDA
NO. 353
P003/004
1986 Chief Resident in Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center. Coordinated and
assisted in the development of the new Emergency Medicine Residency Program. Created the
educational and clinical framework for emergency medicine training, including policy issues.
Residency Leadership Award.
1984 Resident in Emergency Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital/Ohio State University. Clinical
Instructor in Emergency Medicine. Provided direct patient care and direction to junior residents,
medical students, nursing staff and other members of the health care team.
Supervisor, Central Ohio Poison Center. Provided direct consultation on a broad range of
environmental, drug and food poisoning cases for immediate clinical care. Acted as a clinical and
didactic resource for pharmacy personnel and health care students.
1981 Account Executive, First Investors Corporation. Registered Representative serving as an investment
counselor and financial analyst specializing in health care professionals. Frequently achieved
superior sales and volume levels.
1980 Assistant Director of Admissions, Skidmore College. Activities included extensive U.S. travel and
recruitment, interviewing prospective candidates, evaluating applications for admission, marketing,
public speaking and special assignments as an active member of the college administration.
Promoted from Admissions Officer. Director of Nursing and Minority Admissions. Co-Director
for Coeducation in a successful transition from a women's to coeducational institution.
1978 Regional Coordinator, National Alliance of Business. Liaison to business, government and
educational resources for a seven county area. Served to improve career opportunities for the
disadvantaged including Viet Nam Veterans, past criminal offenders and troubled youth.
Legislative consultant and corporate gifts Co-Director.
EDUCATION:
Board Certified in Emergency Medicine, American Board of Emergency Medicine.
Fellow, Hughston Sports Medicine Hospital, Columbus, Georgia 31995.
Chief Resident in Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Fl.
Resident in Emergency Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital/Ohio State U.
Albany Medical College & Albany Law School of Union University, New York. M.D.
Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY. B.A. in Biology/Chemistry. Business minor.
ACADEMIC HONORS:
Residency Leadership Award-"Outstanding contribution in the organization,
development and establishment of the Emergency Medicine Residency Program."
Marsh Scholar, 1981 1984 Albany Medical College of Union University, NY.
Skidmore College Honor Society, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York,
New York State Regents Scholar, 1974 - 1978, statewide annual competition.
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS:
Legislative Committee, American College of Emergency Physicians, Orlando FL.
Board of Directors, Political Action Committee, FL American College of Emergency Physicians.
American College of Physician Executives, Tampa, Florida.
90
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OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, USDA
NO. 353
P004/004
Scholarship and Research
G.P.Hess, MD
Publications:
Hess, Gregory P., "Difficulty Swallowing," Principles and Practice of Emergency
Medicine, published by Lea & Febiger, edited by Schwartz, Chapter 84, in press for 1990.
Hess, G.P., Cappiello, W. & Poole, B., "Prevention and Treatment of Overuse
Tendon Injuries," Sports Medicine, 8 (6): 371 - 384, 1989.
Hunter, S. and Hess, G.P., Cappiello, W., Joyce, D., "Foot Problems in Athletes,"
Team Physicians Handbook. Chapter 42, Little & Brown, in press 1989/1990.
Hess, G.P., Sanders, R., "The Ilizorov External Fixator," Hughston Health Alert, p.
2 -3, 1989.
Hess, G.P., Walson, P., "Seizures Secondary to Oral Viscous Lidocaine," Annals of
Emergency Medicine, 17: p.725 - 727, July 1988.
Hess, G.P., Approach to Foreign Body Sensation, Difficulty Swallowing and
Hoarseness; ENT Emergencies," Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, May 1987.
Brown, C., Hess, G., et al, "Referencing Errors in Emergency Literature," Annals of
Emergency Medicine, 15:5, p. 173, May 1986. (Abstract.)
Papers:
Hess, G.P., "The Late Maturing Athlete; Special Concerns and Considerations,"
presented at Pediatric Grand Rounds, Orlando Regional Medical Center, 1989. Updated
data and presentation from Albany Medical College 2nd Annual Sports Medicine Winter
Symposium, Sam Lords Castle, Barbados, 1985.
Hess, G.P., "Analysis of Pre-Clinical Physiology; Instruction Format and Technique,"
Funded by a grant from the Albany Medical College, Union University, p. 1 - - 39, 1982.
Presentations:
Founder and Director, "Topics in Emergency Medicine," Monthly lecture series for
Osceola County/Kissimmee Memorial Hospital, ACEP approved for 1 hour of category 1
CME credit per lecture hour, 1987 - - 1989.
Hess, G.P., "Steroid Use; The Ben Johnson Story," The Ageless Athlete, Hughston
Sports Medicine Foundation quarterly lecture series, Columbus, GA 1988.
Primary Research:
"Post-Traumatic Pulmonary Insufficiency," Primary Research Assistant, Albany
Medical College, Department of Physiology, Professor Ezra Malik,
January 1977 - June 1977, Undergraduate double credit thesis for Skidmore College.
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
Solomon J. Buchbaum: Executive Vice President, Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Inc. Holmdel, NJ. Recipient: 1986 National Medal
of Science Distinguished Contributions to national science and
technology policy and to the study of solid state plasmas.
D. Allan Bromley: Henry Ford II Professor of Physics, Yale
University, New Haven, CT. Recipient: 1988 National Medal of
science for seminal work on nuclear molecules, for development of
tandem accelerators and semi-conductor detectors for charged
particles and for his role in founding the field of precision
heavy-ion physics.
Harold M. Agnew: President, General Atomic Company, San Diego,
CA. Former Director of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New
Mexico; worked with first group on the first nuclear fission
chain reaction.
Erich Bloch: Director of the National Science Foundation;
previously Vice President for Technical Personnel Development at
IBM. Recipient: 1985 National Medal of Technology for
pioneering developments related to the IMB/360 computer.
John M. Deutch: Provost, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA. A physical chemist and former professor MIT;
Member of Defense Science Board; former Director of Energy
Research and then Under-Secretary of Energy; former member of
President's Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee.
Walter Herrmann: Director of Research, Sandia National
Laboratories, MIT educated in physics and nuclear particles -
extensive work on weapons systems and before Committees at OMB
and Capitol Hill.
Jan Mares: Senior positions at the Department of Commerce and
the Department of Energy.
George Heilmeier: Vice President and Chief Technical Officer at
Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX. Former White House Fellow and
Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Kenneth Dormer, Ph.D.: Department of Physiology and Biophysics
at the University of Oklahoma; well-known molecular scientist
with broad spectrum in significant scientific fields.
Anthony S. Fanci, M.D.: Director, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases.
John Lyons: Director, National Engineering Laboratory -
electronics and electrical engineering. Ph.D. in physical
chemistry - former Director of Research, Monsanto Company.
Robert J. Potter: President and CEO, Datapoint Corporation;
Northern Telecom, Inc. Group VP; Ph.D. - Optics.
OSTP
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 2, 1990
MEMORANDUM FOR C. BOYDEN GRAY
FROM:
D. ALLAN BROMLEY Ann
SUBJECT:
OSTP ASSOCIATE DIRECTORSHIP FOR
THE LIFE SCIENCES
Again, at Chase Untermeyer's suggestion, I am writing to request that an
announcement of the President's intent to nominate Donald A. Henderson as the
OSTP Associate Director for Life Sciences be made as soon as possible.
A number of open issues were left when Jim Wyngaarden resigned July 1 to accept
the Foreign Secretaryship of the National Academy of Sciences and I would want to
bring Henderson on as a consultant to pick them up as soon as possible prior to
confirmation.
The announcement would again eliminate confusion and speculation.
Your help will be much appreciated.
cc: Chase Untermeyer
STATEMENT
by
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Director - designate
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Executive Office of the President
before the
Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
United States Senate
July 21, 1989
INTRODUCTION
Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I am pleased and honored to come before
you as the nominee for the Directorship of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President. My biographic and publication data
have been forwarded to the Committee and I would ask, Mr. Chairman, that they be
made part of the record.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy was created by the 94th Congress through
Public Law 94-262, the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization and
Priorities Act of 1976, recognizing, "the profound impact of science and technology on
society and the introduction of scientific technological, economic, social, political and
institutional factors."
Responding both to the President and to the Congress, OSTP has played an important role
nationally not only in bringing science and technology to bear on problems and
opportunities of national significance but also in working to maintain the nation's science
and technology base in a healthy and productive state. Indeed it bears emphasis that the
present US science and technology enterprise, reflecting generous support over the years
from the Congress-and ultimately from the taxpayers-remains the strongest, by far,
that the world has ever seen. At the same time, however, other nations, by focusing
their efforts into particular areas, have moved up to equal us and, in some cases, to move
ahead of us. This resurgence of scientific and technical strength elsewhere, while
expected, emphasizes that we cannot take our leadership role for granted.
-2-
Leadership in science and technology is important to this country not just as a source of
national prestige, but for the most pragmatic reasons of national policy; developments in
science and technology have a profound effect on national destinies. But change is the
hallmark of our age; and nowhere is that change more striking than in science and
technology. It was only about 100 years ago, for example, that Herz demonstrated the
reality of electromagnetic waves, the basis for modern telecommunication, computing,
radio and television and much other modern technology. It has been only about 75 years
since Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus and Onnes discovered superconductivity;
and just about 50 years since Whittle invented the jet engine, Aitken began building the
first electronic digital computer, and Avery discovered that the DNA molecule carries
the blueprint for life itself.
Discoveries such as these have changed our view of the universe and of our place in it.
Because of these discoveries, and others like them, science and technology now permeate
the entire fabric of our society and the lives of our citizens-from national security and
health to economic competitiveness, from entertainment to the exploration of space and
to continuing adventures in research on the edge of the unknown.
In his February 9, 1989 budget message, President Bush called on OSTP to "play a central
role in developing and coordinating federal science and technology strategies and in
analyzing crosscutting issues in research and development." This is an awesome
responsibility at a time when science and technology-and their applications-are
changing at such an unprecedented and accelerating rate and, paradoxically, when it is
ever more important to take a longer range view of where we are going than has often
been the case in the past.
3 -
It is already clear that a major strength of many of our friendly competitors lies in their
ability to maintain a longer range perspective in business, in academic institutions and in
government than we do. We need to develop a longer range strategic vision of science
and technology and of their present and potential contributions to our economic well-
being, our national security, and to the health and quality of life of our citizens. If
confirmed, I shall devote a substantial fraction of the time and resources of OSTP to the
development of such longer range strategies and their implementation.
If confirmed, it is also my intention to focus substantially more attention on the T in
OSTP than has been the case previously. Specifically, I shall attempt to add one or more
senior, experienced, research and development executives from the private sector to the
OSTP staff to foster, in close collaboration with the newly created Under Secretary of
Commerce for Technology, better coordination of federal activities in support of
engineering and technology R & D as well as catalysis of the growth of current,
pioneering, state and regional industrial technology initiatives.
Without in any way attempting to be inclusive, and without for a moment suggesting that
any one-dimensional listing such as this conveys any realistic priority message, let me
only remind you of some of the major items in our present national science and
technology agenda. There are disturbing trends-but in almost all cases these same
trends carry the seeds of opportunity if we are wise enough to recognize and act on
them.
THE NATIONAL AGENDA INVOLVING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Although each of the following topics is, to some extent, related to all others, for
convenience I am grouping them in a few categories:
a) Environment and Ecology Science and technology are intimately
related to the health of our environment-both local and global-and with
the preservation of our ecological heritage. Knowledge and its wise use are
keys to our future. There is public concern, both nationally and
internationally, about planetary environment and global change, the
availability of clean air and clean water, the pollution of the earth's
oceans, the long-term challenges of hazardous waste disposal, ozone
problems both near the earth's surface and far above it, the possibility of a
greenhouse warming and the possibility of environmental release of
genetically engineered bacteria, plants and animals. All these concerns
have served to focus attention on the state of our knowledge of both the
sciences and the technologies involved. These concerns also raise the need
for new knowledge, to help us better understand these phenomena, and
innovative new strategies and technologies to cope with them and, to the
extent possible, prevent them. The opportunities are many.
Of particular importance in future years is the question of ocean
pollution. Our oceans function as the inevitable repository of much of the
pollutants carried by our atmosphere, rivers and land masses. Although the
oceans have a substantial, though finite, capacity for self-cleansing through
biological and chemical intermediate pathways we do not yet understand
these pathways in any detail nor can we predict how different pollutants
behave. If our pollutant deposition rate exceeds the self-cleansing
potential of the oceans for any significant period, the consequences for all
mankind could be profoundly negative. This is only a single example of our
vital need for more aggressive, sustained research on the complex, difficult
questions that underlie our global ecology and environment.
Greater attention must also be focused on an irreplaceable human
heritage-the planetary gene pool-that is rapidly being destroyed together
with the tropical rain forests and other unique ecosystems that support it.
We have only begun to appreciate the importance of biodiversity to our
long-term future as a species. But these concerns require a long-term
perspective on the health of our environment. Whether we are considering
the release of pollutants into the oceans and atmosphere, the storage and
disposal of hazardous wastes, or the preservation of biodiversity, we must
develop approaches and technologies that will work indefinitely, and result
in viable steady-state solutions. If we fail in this, we inevitably undermine
the very conditions that make a technological civilization possible. Science
and technology can play important roles in improving our stewardship of
Spaceship Earth while providing for the well-being of all its inhabitants.
b) Public Health Health and improved quality of life are universal
aspirations. New insights that can come only from basic biomedical
research are needed in cancer, heart disease, dementias, and neurological
disorders. Cell and molecular biology, virology, and human genome
research hold particular promise. The neurosciences are contributing new
insights into how the brain performs its remarkable functions. The scourge
of AIDS, the drug problem, burgeoning costs of medical care, and health
problems associated with an aging population all raise additional challenges
in biomedical science. There are counter-challenges in terms of associated
ethical and legal issues-public concerns about the use of animals in
medical research, about genetic engineering, scientific misconduct, and
clinical trials of new drugs. Prevention strategies need particular
-
emphasis, including dietary measures, reductions of smoking and alcohol
consumption, and accelerated vaccine development. The biotechnology
industry, in which the U.S. has a substantial lead, continues to expand; it
was spawned primarily from U.S. government-supported research in
genetics and immunology. Biotechnology is leading to new products in
health care, agriculture, and industry. Close attention must be paid to the
regulatory environment of these new products, and to incentives that foster
technology transfer into U.S. industries.
c) Economic Competitiveness A healthy and productive national
economy is fundamental to all else that we do. Increasingly it is our know-
how that constitutes our edge in an increasingly competitive global
market. But to respond successfully to growing pressure from international
competitors, we must continue to innovate at a rapid rate. That in turn
means both continued investment in research and development, by both the
federal and private sectors, and the development of policies and
mechanisms to insure the rapid application of research discoveries and the
maintainance of a healthy science base. We are unique among the
developed nations, for example, in the demands that our private sector
make upon our colleges and universities both for new fundamental
knowledge and for the young minds trained to use it creatively. But after
more than a decade of belt tightening, when even more than ever before is
being demanded of them, these institutions find themselves with decaying
infrastructures, obsolete equipment and growing shortages of both faculty
and students in many important areas. These are problems that we can
only ignore at our peril.
Increasingly, we will find it essential to include international as well as
national considerations in our strategic economic planning; and increasingly
our competitiveness will depend upon our success in harmonizing our
federal regulations not only across our own federal agencies but also with
our European and Pacific Basin trading partners. We will also find that
retaining and further enhancing our science and technology leadership will
allow for the effective U.S. support of less developed nations in their quest
for development within the evolving international economic structure and
without significant adverse impact on the global environment.
While science and technology are only two elements of economic
competitiveness, they are crucial ones. The long-term economic health of
this nation requires a strong manufacturing and technological base, as well
as continued excellence in basic research. For this reason we must foster
the retention, growth-and in some cases the reestablishment-of critical
technologies, within our borders. Central to this approach is the
development of new opportunites and forums for collaboration among
businesses, and between our private and public sectors. While the
knowledge base, and the capitalization required for economic expansion
will continue to reside predominately within the private sector, the federal
government can provide a crucial role as catalyst in our future growth.
d) Education and Training After leading the world for decades in the
quality and scope of the education provided to our youth we are now falling
far behind the rest of the developed world. The state of our precollege
education can only be considered as scandalous; at the college level,
despite wide variations in quality, we remain-on average-competitive; at
the graduate level we continue to set the standards for world activity. But
6
we achieve this paradoxical progression only by dropping, along the way, a
very large fraction of our young people, particularly minorities and, in
science and technology, women--a loss that this nation simply can no longer
afford.
The average time from the junior year in high school until completion of
graduate study in this country is about 10 years; moreover the educational
pipeline is a remarkably stable one SO that a lead time of 10 years is
required to make any significant change in the output of trained
professionals. NSF surveys have already identified major shortages
amounting to more than 100,000 computer scientists per year in the early
1990's and to corresponding shortages in the 35,000 to 50,000 range in many
fields of engineering. There are corresponding shortages in biomedical
science, in biotechnology and in the number of physicians who are
committed to careers in research.
Because a very large fraction of scientists and engineers make their career
decisions during and before high school-much earlier than is typical of
other professions-it is essential that we refocus our corrective efforts on a
much earlier phase of the educational enterprise than in the past if we are
to increase our production of professionals in science and engineering.
Currently, at these important precollege levels, the quality of mathematics
and science teaching is often too low to attract other than the most
dedicated student. For these dedicated few, in many cases, both the
quality and quantity of mathematics and science exposure are too low to
prepare them adequately for careers in these fields. These problems are
increasingly recognized and a number of states have made important
strides toward improvement in their K-12 educational programs. But much
remains to be done.
The federal government can play a vital role in the critical precollege
arena by fostering and catalyzing the spread of the important new
interactions in curriculum development, teaching methods, and teacher
preparation developed in, thus far, isolated state and local areas.
It bears emphasis that our graduate education, because of its
internationally perceived excellence, remains one of our most important
exports and that scientists and engineers educated here, on return to their
home countries, establish and maintain communication channels-individual
to individual and institution to institution-that are a vital part of our
foreign relations as well as integral parts of the international science
network. The fact that more than 50% of the advanced degrees in
engineering in recent years were awarded to foreign students does not
imply that we have too many foreign students; rather, it highlights the fact
that we have too few American ones.
e) National Security For decades following World War II, the
Department of Defense, having originated mechanisms for federal support
of academic research that remain the envy of the world, was the dominant
supporter of both fundamental and applied research in this country. But
now, when weapons and communications systems of rapidly increasing
complexity and sophistication are more essential than ever before to our
national security, the Defense Department no longer enjoys the easy
communication, access to the latest research results, and to the brightest
-7-
students that characterized their relationship during the earlier days; nor is
the excellent science and technology developed within the Defense
Department's own laboratories finding its way into the private sector as
quickly and effectively as was once the case.
National security strategies are more and more conditioned by science and
technology. From intelligence gathering to communications and control,
from weaponry of exquisite precision to the health and safety of our
military personnel, growing complexity and technical sophistication are the
hallmarks of our modern services. The Office of Science and Technology
Policy will cooperate with the National Security Council, the Department
of Defense, and the Office of Management and Budget to be sure that the
nation gets maximum effectiveness for its defense expenditures.
As one of the largest training organizations in this country, one of
the largest producers of new technologies, and one of the largest employers
of scientifically and technologically literate citizens, the Defense
Department is increasingly dependent upon the same shrinking pool of
young people that supplies both scientific and engineering talent and high
tech technicians of all kinds. And although the Department of Defense has
the largest R & D budget in the federal government, a close inspection of
those expenditures shows that they are really Research, Development, and
Demonstration-with the lion's share of the money in Development and
Demonstration of specific weapons systems. Actual support of research
within DOD is relatively small, and may need more emphasis if we are to
preserve a decisive edge in the offensive and defensive systems of the
future. In these and other ways, one of the major challenges we face is
that of reintegrating our national security enterprise into the civilian
educational and research system-to the benefit of both.
f) Space America's role on the last great frontier has suffered in the
post-Apollo period from public apathy and from the lack of a clearly
defined and clearly articulated set of long range national goals. Where are
we going beyond earth orbit-and when? The new windows on our universe
that have been opened in our space program have already yielded a treasure
trove of new understanding and economic benefits. And it bears emphasis
that the giant leap in American science and technology resulting from the
early days of the space program through the Apollo flights was the only
such leap in our history that did not require the stimulus of a major
military conflict.
An even greater flowering of new science and new technologies, with their
attendant economic benefits, awaits a new aggressive American move into
space. OSTP will cooperate closely with the Space Council as it reviews
and guides our national space policy.
From its founding days, this nation has always accepted the challenge of a
new frontier. The spirit of Lewis and Clark-the spirit of adventure and
exploration-is still very much a part of America. I suspect that Lewis and
Clark would envy us as we stand on the threshold of the ultimate and
endless frontier-as we prepare to break the bonds of Earth.
g) Energy Utilization and Supply Energy is the ultimate resource. With
abundant energy we can recycle the elements of the earth's crust
- 8 -
indefinitely, desalinate sea water or pump it from underground aquifers to
obtain vast amounts of pure water, fix nitrogen from the air and liberate
phosphorus from the rocks to maintain a strong agricultural and industrial
economy indefinitely. But as noted above, almost all energy is produced
and used at significant environmental cost. Both for this reason and
because our fossil energy reserves are intrinsically limited, energy
conservation must play a greater role in future energy planning. This is
particularly true in industrial process technology.
The challenge here is that of developing an inexhaustible and more
environmentally benign source of energy while working our way through the
intervening period, until it becomes available, by utilizing our present
sources of energy with acceptable environmental and economic
consequences. Aggressive research on alternative energy sources, including
intrinsically safe nuclear fission reactors, is clearly required.
h) Information Science and Technology The Industrial Revolution, in
much less than a century, by augmenting the power of man's muscles,
changed the face of society; SO also will the present Computer Revolution
in augmenting the power of man's mind. The past decade has witnessed
spectacular increase in the volume of information generated,
communicated, processed and used by humans, by machines, and by
organizations involving both. Internationally, there are over 1700 separate
entities that maintain at least one database but reflecting individual
initiatives and the lack of any agreed-upon standards these span a wide
variety of systems, services, command languages, protocols and
terminologies. We are fast approaching a level of electronic chaos that
will limit sharply the utility of these resources. The U.S. should take the
lead in negotiating and promulgating standards for electronic information
handling.
Keeping pace with this flood of information and using it creatively
demand evermore powerful supercomputers linked with broad-band national
and international communication networks. Such networks can
revolutionize not only the conduct of scientific and technological research
but also the speed and effectiveness with which the results of such research
can be integrated into all sectors of our society-manufacturing, education,
health care, defense and entertainment among them. Currently in this
country alone more than 600 individual networks incorporating more than
100,000 computers and workstations are linked by INTERNET and one of its
major components, NSFNET, links over 250 major educational and research
establishments.
i) Science and Technology Base The development and maintenance of
our science and technology base is one of the surest investments in our
national future. A recent, as yet unpublished, economic study of 76 major
American corporations in 7 industrial sectors, has demonstrated, for the
first time, that the average social rate of return on investment in academic
(basic) science and technology is about 28 percent. We have made progress
during the Reagan years in strengthening our science and technology base.
The budget of the National Institutes of Health has doubled over the past
seven years and President Bush has reaffirmed President Reagan's
announced national goal of doubling that of the National Science
Foundation by 1993. But a substantial part of the growth in NIH funding
9 -
was compensatory for loss of purchasing power during the prior five year
period and over the past decade civilian R&D funding has remained
essentially constant at 1.8% of the Gross National Product. Experience
from our response in the 1960's to Sputnik in the education and research
communities, however, demonstrates that what is required here is steady,
predictable growth rather than sporadic response to perceived emergencies
or crisis situations. I support the 5 year authorization and 2 year
appropriations cycles proposed by President Bush because these longer time
horizons, together with decreased red tape in the federal agencies, can
reduce, dramatically, the lost time now taken from research and teaching
activities by academic faculty-and most particularly by its youngest and,
most creative members-in their annual searches for funding and in
satisfying subsequent federal grant reporting requirements. (In 1986, a
White House Science Council study found that young U.S. faculty members
in science and engineering spent, on average, some 30% of their available
time in such activities.)
Maintenance of the science and technology base, moreover involves both
new knowledge and trained professionals at all levels. As noted above, we
still produce extremely well-trained Ph.D. level personnel, although in
much too small numbers. However, at the bachelor, associate and high
school graduate levels our output falls far below our national requirements
both in quantity and in quality.
j) Balance A growing area of concern is that of maintaining a healthy
science and technology base with an appropriate balance between the
support of the large megaproject (i.e. big science) that typically attracts
broad media and public attention and that of the individual, or the small
groups of researchers (i.e. small science), working in relative obscurity but
still constituting the backbone of the U.S. scientific and technological
enterprise.
It is all too easy, once a megaproject-important as it may be-is underway,
for its momentum, particularly in times of overall financial stringency, to
sweep up substantial fractions of the funding that had been allocated to
smaller activities and projects, both in the host agency of the megaproject
and in other agencies as well. It is essential that in our long range planning
for the implementation of megaprojects that we act to protect small
science and maintain a healthy balance across our scientific and
technological activities.
k) International Science A number of the megaprojects currently under
consideration, such as the Superconducting-Supercollider, the Space
Station, and the Human Genome Project are unique and will be of world
class. As such, it has been natural for us to seek and encourage
international participation in these projects. Here again, such cooperation
builds communication bridges valuable far beyond confines of the science
and technology involved. We need a comprehensive approach to such
international scientific cooperation that can become an integral part of our
foreign relations activities. Further, we should improve our ability, as a
government, to utilize science and technology explicitly as a tool in
attaining the goals of U.S. foreign policy.
-10-
THE ROLE OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
The above agenda divides naturally into two quite different categories-both under OSTP
purview: (1) science and technology for policy; and (2) policy for science and
technology. The first recognizes that science and technology are vital components of the
broad range of foreign and domestic issues facing us today; the second recognizes the
continuing need for a coherent and inclusive national science and technology policy-one
which preserves the dynamism and pluralism of our science and technology enterprise and
at the same time, one which fosters a close and mutually beneficial collaboration
between state and federal government, academia and the private sector. In both
categories, close, harmonious working relationships between OSTP staff and those of
other Executive Branch Offices-at all levels-and between OSTP staff and Congressional
staff-at all levels-are essential. I shall give high priority, should I be confirmed, to
developing such relationships. For example, detailed discussions aimed at establishing a
close working relationship between OSTP and the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) at all stages of preparation of future Presidential budgets are already in progress.
Equally important are relationships between OSTP and the scientific and technological
communities in the private sector, national laboratory and academic settings. OSTP can
play an important role in communication and consensus building with reference to both
long and short range strategies. But there must be no misunderstanding. OSTP cannot-
and will not-function as a representative or lobbying organization for these
communities. Were this to happen-or even be perceived to happen-OSTP's
effectiveness would be largely lost.
President Bush, in his February 9 message, proposed to designate the Director of OSTP,
once confirmed, as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and
subsequently has requested that he also chair a new, broadly-based, President's Council
-11-
of Science and Technology Advisers, "comprising leading scientists, engineers, and
distinguished executives from the private sector."
This Council will provide a very important bridge between the scientific and
technological communities and the Executive Office of the President, an additional
channel for expert and objective advice and counsel, and an involved group of
distinguished citizens prepared to devote substantial time and effort (both as a Council
of the whole, and through ad hoc panels chaired by Council members that draw upon
members of the community involved having special expertise relating to the topics at
issue) to discussing, researching, and refining Presidential initiatives involving scientific
and technological content and policies.
Because it is obvious that no single individual can hope to address the enormous breadth
of scientific and technological issues that demand Presidential attention with expertise
in all, if I am confirmed, one of my highest priorities as Director of OSTP will be that of
bringing on board the four Presidentially appointed and Senate confirmed Associate
Directors called for in the 1976 law establishing OSTP. While my goal is that of
attracting outstanding individuals with broad experience, expertise and recognition in
their respective areas, it is even more that of bringing together a group of individuals
who, with their supporting staffs, will constitute a collegial group of generalists prepared
to address, cooperatively, the issues involving science and technology that have risen to
Presidential level. This group will also maintain a watchful overview that can provide
early warning and, where necessary, recommendations for appropriate action concerning
new science and technology related developments that have the potential of becoming
such issues.
-12-
It again bears emphasis, however, that I, and all the members of the Council and the
OSTP staff are very much aware of the fact that scientific and technological issues
generally represent only one term in the policy equation. Considerations entirely outside
of science and technology-political, international, economic and others-may well be the
dominant and decisive ones. Scientific and technological knowledge is a necessary, but
far from sufficient, input in the development of optimal national policies.
Even more than in the case of OSTP noted above, I view my own role, if confirmed, as
being that of a trusted member of the President's inner circle of advisors-not a lobbyist
for the scientific and technological communities. The Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology should be someone aware both of the potential importance and
relevance of scientific or technological considerations to policy under discussion and to
the potential impact of such policies on science and technology.
Drawing on the resources available both within, and outside, of OSTP and the Council of
Science and Technology Advisers it will be my responsibility, shared by my senior OSTP
colleagues, to insure that the best judgments that science and technology can provide are
available at all times to the President, to the various arms of the Executive Office of the
President and, where appropriate, to the Congress. At the same time it will be our
responsibility, shared in particular with OMB and with Congressional staff, to insure,
through coordination of federal activities in science and technology and cross cutting
analyses of their effectiveness and responsiveness to Presidential and Congressional
intent, that the resources that the Congress makes available to these activities are
utilized as effectively and efficiently as possible.
The national agenda that I have outlined above presents a wealth of opportunities and
challenges. Our success in responding to them will depend upon mobilization of our best
-13-
talent and our best ideas; it will require that we be prepared to try new approaches; and
above all, it will require that my associates and I must be prepared to listen. We need
good ideas-from whatever source-and we are prepared to listen.
It is with no little humility, but with great confidence that by working together we can
make this a stronger, better nation, that I ask for your confirmation as Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy.
This ends my prepared statement, Mr. Chairman and I should be happy to respond to
questions that you and the Committee Members may wish to raise.
STATEMENT
by
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
Director - designate
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Executive Office of the President
before the
Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
United States Senate
July 21, 1989
INTRODUCTION
Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I am pleased and honored to come before
you as the nominee for the Directorship of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President. My biographic and publication data
have been forwarded to the Committee and I would ask, Mr. Chairman, that they be
made part of the record.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy was created by the 94th Congress through
Public Law 94-262, the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization and
Priorities Act of 1976, recognizing, "the profound impact of science and technology on
society and the introduction of scientific technological, economic, social, political and
institutional factors."
Responding both to the President and to the Congress, OSTP has played an important role
nationally not only in bringing science and technology to bear on problems and
opportunities of national significance but also in working to maintain the nation's science
and technology base in a healthy and productive state. Indeed it bears emphasis that the
present US science and technology enterprise, reflecting generous support over the years
from the Congress-and ultimately from the taxpayers-remains the strongest, by far,
that the world has ever seen. At the same time, however, other nations, by focusing
their efforts into particular areas, have moved up to equal us and, in some cases, to move
ahead of us. This resurgence of scientific and technical strength elsewhere, while
expected, emphasizes that we cannot take our leadership role for granted.
-2-
Leadership in science and technology is important to this country not just as a source of
national prestige, but for the most pragmatic reasons of national policy; developments in
science and technology have a profound effect on national destinies. But change is the
hallmark of our age; and nowhere is that change more striking than in science and
technology. It was only about 100 years ago, for example, that Herz demonstrated the
reality of electromagnetic waves, the basis for modern telecommunication, computing,
radio and television and much other modern technology. It has been only about 75 years
since Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus and Onnes discovered superconductivity;
and just about 50 years since Whittle invented the jet engine, Aitken began building the
first electronic digital computer, and Avery discovered that the DNA molecule carries
the blueprint for life itself.
Discoveries such as these have changed our view of the universe and of our place in it.
Because of these discoveries, and others like them, science and technology now permeate
the entire fabric of our society and the lives of our citizens-from national security and
health to economic competitiveness, from entertainment to the exploration of space and
to continuing adventures in research on the edge of the unknown.
In his February 9, 1989 budget message, President Bush called on OSTP to "play a central
role in developing and coordinating federal science and technology strategies and in
analyzing crosscutting issues in research and development." This is an awesome
responsibility at a time when science and technology-and their applications-are
changing at such an unprecedented and accelerating rate and, paradoxically, when it is
ever more important to take a longer range view of where we are going than has often
been the case in the past.
-3- - -
It is already clear that a major strength of many of our friendly competitors lies in their
ability to maintain a longer range perspective in business, in academic institutions and in
government than we do. We need to develop a longer range strategic vision of science
and technology and of their present and potential contributions to our economic well-
being, our national security, and to the health and quality of life of our citizens. If
confirmed, I shall devote a substantial fraction of the time and resources of OSTP to the
development of such longer range strategies and their implementation.
If confirmed, it is also my intention to focus substantially more attention on the T in
OSTP than has been the case previously. Specifically, I shall attempt to add one or more
senior, experienced, research and development executives from the private sector to the
OSTP staff to foster, in close collaboration with the newly created Under Secretary of
Commerce for Technology, better coordination of federal activities in support of
engineering and technology R & D as well as catalysis of the growth of current,
pioneering, state and regional industrial technology initiatives.
Without in any way attempting to be inclusive, and without for a moment suggesting that
any one-dimensional listing such as this conveys any realistic priority message, let me
only remind you of some of the major items in our present national science and
technology agenda. There are disturbing trends-but in almost all cases these same
trends carry the seeds of opportunity if we are wise enough to recognize and act on
them.
THE NATIONAL AGENDA INVOLVING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Although each of the following topics is, to some extent, related to all others, for
convenience I am grouping them in a few categories:
a) Environment and Ecology Science and technology are intimately
related to the health of our environment-both local and global-and with
the preservation of our ecological heritage. Knowledge and its wise use are
keys to our future. There is public concern, both nationally and
internationally, about planetary environment and global change, the
availability of clean air and clean water, the pollution of the earth's
oceans, the long-term challenges of hazardous waste disposal, ozone
problems both near the earth's surface and far above it, the possibility of a
greenhouse warming and the possibility of environmental release of
genetically engineered bacteria, plants and animals. All these concerns
have served to focus attention on the state of our knowledge of both the
sciences and the technologies involved. These concerns also raise the need
for new knowledge, to help us better understand these phenomena, and
innovative new strategies and technologies to cope with them and, to the
extent possible, prevent them. The opportunities are many.
Of particular importance in future years is the question of ocean
pollution. Our oceans function as the inevitable repository of much of the
pollutants carried by our atmosphere, rivers and land masses. Although the
oceans have a substantial, though finite, capacity for self-cleansing through
biological and chemical intermediate pathways we do not yet understand
these pathways in any detail nor can we predict how different pollutants
behave. If our pollutant deposition rate exceeds the self-cleansing
potential of the oceans for any significant period, the consequences for all
mankind could be profoundly negative. This is only a single example of our
vital need for more aggressive, sustained research on the complex, difficult
questions that underlie our global ecology and environment.
Greater attention must also be focused on an irreplaceable human
heritage-the planetary gene pool-that is rapidly being destroyed together
with the tropical rain forests and other unique ecosystems that support it.
We have only begun to appreciate the importance of biodiversity to our
long-term future as a species. But these concerns require a long-term
perspective on the health of our environment. Whether we are considering
the release of pollutants into the oceans and atmosphere, the storage and
disposal of hazardous wastes, or the preservation of biodiversity, we must
develop approaches and technologies that will work indefinitely, and result
in viable steady-state solutions. If we fail in this, we inevitably undermine
the very conditions that make a technological civilization possible. Science
and technology can play important roles in improving our stewardship of
Spaceship Earth while providing for the well-being of all its inhabitants.
b) Public Health Health and improved quality of life are universal
aspirations. New insights that can come only from basic biomedical
research are needed in cancer, heart disease, dementias, and neurological
disorders. Cell and molecular biology, virology, and human genome
research hold particular promise. The neurosciences are contributing new
insights into how the brain performs its remarkable functions. The scourge
of AIDS, the drug problem, burgeoning costs of medical care, and health
problems associated with an aging population all raise additional challenges
in biomedical science. There are counter-challenges in terms of associated
ethical and legal issues-public concerns about the use of animals in
medical research, about genetic engineering, scientific misconduct, and
clinical trials of new drugs. Prevention strategies need particular
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emphasis, including dietary measures, reductions of smoking and alcohol
consumption, and accelerated vaccine development. The biotechnology
industry, in which the U.S. has a substantial lead, continues to expand; it
was spawned primarily from U.S. government-supported research in
genetics and immunology. Biotechnology is leading to new products in
health care, agriculture, and industry. Close attention must be paid to the
regulatory environment of these new products, and to incentives that foster
technology transfer into U.S. industries.
c) Economic Competitiveness A healthy and productive national
economy is fundamental to all else that we do. Increasingly it is our know-
how that constitutes our edge in an increasingly competitive global
market. But to respond successfully to growing pressure from international
competitors, we must continue to innovate at a rapid rate. That in turn
means both continued investment in research and development, by both the
federal and private sectors, and the development of policies and
mechanisms to insure the rapid application of research discoveries and the
maintainance of a healthy science base. We are unique among the
developed nations, for example, in the demands that our private sector
make upon our colleges and universities both for new fundamental
knowledge and for the young minds trained to use it creatively. But after
more than a decade of belt tightening, when even more than ever before is
being demanded of them, these institutions find themselves with decaying
infrastructures, obsolete equipment and growing shortages of both faculty
and students in many important areas. These are problems that we can
only ignore at our peril.
Increasingly, we will find it essential to include international as well as
national considerations in our strategic economic planning; and increasingly
our competitiveness will depend upon our success in harmonizing our
federal regulations not only across our own federal agencies but also with
our European and Pacific Basin trading partners. We will also find that
retaining and further enhancing our science and technology leadership will
allow for the effective U.S. support of less developed nations in their quest
for development within the evolving international economic structure and
without significant adverse impact on the global environment.
While science and technology are only two elements of economic
competitiveness, they are crucial ones. The long-term economic health of
this nation requires a strong manufacturing and technological base, as well
as continued excellence in basic research. For this reason we must foster
the retention, growth-and in some cases the reestablishment-of critical
technologies, within our borders. Central to this approach is the
development of new opportunites and forums for collaboration among
businesses, and between our private and public sectors. While the
knowledge base, and the capitalization required for economic expansion
will continue to reside predominately within the private sector, the federal
government can provide a crucial role as catalyst in our future growth.
d) Education and Training After leading the world for decades in the
quality and scope of the education provided to our youth we are now falling
far behind the rest of the developed world. The state of our precollege
education can only be considered as scandalous; at the college level,
despite wide variations in quality, we remain-on average-competitive; at
the graduate level we continue to set the standards for world activity. But
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we achieve this paradoxical progression only by dropping, along the way, a
very large fraction of our young people, particularly minorities and, in
science and technology, women--a loss that this nation simply can no longer
afford.
The average time from the junior year in high school until completion of
graduate study in this country is about 10 years; moreover the educational
pipeline is a remarkably stable one so that a lead time of 10 years is
required to make any significant change in the output of trained
professionals. NSF surveys have already identified major shortages
amounting to more than 100,000 computer scientists per year in the early
1990's and to corresponding shortages in the 35,000 to 50,000 range in many
fields of engineering. There are corresponding shortages in biomedical
science, in biotechnology and in the number of physicians who are
committed to careers in research.
Because a very large fraction of scientists and engineers make their career
decisions during and before high school-much earlier than is typical of
other professions-it is essential that we refocus our corrective efforts on a
much earlier phase of the educational enterprise than in the past if we are
to increase our production of professionals in science and engineering.
Currently, at these important precollege levels, the quality of mathematics
and science teaching is often too low to attract other than the most
dedicated student. For these dedicated few, in many cases, both the
quality and quantity of mathematics and science exposure are too low to
prepare them adequately for careers in these fields. These problems are
increasingly recognized and a number of states have made important
strides toward improvement in their K-12 educational programs. But much
remains to be done.
The federal government can play a vital role in the critical precollege
arena by fostering and catalyzing the spread of the important new
interactions in curriculum development, teaching methods, and teacher
preparation developed in, thus far, isolated state and local areas.
It bears emphasis that our graduate education, because of its
internationally perceived excellence, remains one of our most important
exports and that scientists and engineers educated here, on return to their
home countries, establish and maintain communication channels-individual
to individual and institution to institution-that are a vital part of our
foreign relations as well as integral parts of the international science
network. The fact that more than 50% of the advanced degrees in
engineering in recent years were awarded to foreign students does not
imply that we have too many foreign students; rather, it highlights the fact
that we have too few American ones.
e) National Security For decades following World War II, the
Department of Defense, having originated mechanisms for federal support
of academic research that remain the envy of the world, was the dominant
supporter of both fundamental and applied research in this country. But
now, when weapons and communications systems of rapidly increasing
complexity and sophistication are more essential than ever before to our
national security, the Defense Department no longer enjoys the easy
communication, access to the latest research results, and to the brightest
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students that characterized their relationship during the earlier days; nor is
the excellent science and technology developed within the Defense
Department's own laboratories finding its way into the private sector as
quickly and effectively as was once the case.
National security strategies are more and more conditioned by science and
technology. From intelligence gathering to communications and control,
from weaponry of exquisite precision to the health and safety of our
military personnel, growing complexity and technical sophistication are the
hallmarks of our modern services. The Office of Science and Technology
Policy will cooperate with the National Security Council, the Department
of Defense, and the Office of Management and Budget to be sure that the
nation gets maximum effectiveness for its defense expenditures.
As one of the largest training organizations in this country, one of
the largest producers of new technologies, and one of the largest employers
of scientifically and technologically literate citizens, the Defense
Department is increasingly dependent upon the same shrinking pool of
young people that supplies both scientific and engineering talent and high
tech technicians of all kinds. And although the Department of Defense has
the largest R & D budget in the federal government, a close inspection of
those expenditures shows that they are really Research, Development, and
Demonstration-with the lion's share of the money in Development and
Demonstration of specific weapons systems. Actual support of research
within DOD is relatively small, and may need more emphasis if we are to
preserve a decisive edge in the offensive and defensive systems of the
future. In these and other ways, one of the major challenges we face is
that of reintegrating our national security enterprise into the civilian
educational and research system-to the benefit of both.
f) Space America's role on the last great frontier has suffered in the
post-Apollo period from public apathy and from the lack of a clearly
defined and clearly articulated set of long range national goals. Where are
we going beyond earth orbit-and when? The new windows on our universe
that have been opened in our space program have already yielded a treasure
trove of new understanding and economic benefits. And it bears emphasis
that the giant leap in American science and technology resulting from the
early days of the space program through the Apollo flights was the only
such leap in our history that did not require the stimulus of a major
military conflict.
An even greater flowering of new science and new technologies, with their
attendant economic benefits, awaits a new aggressive American move into
space. OSTP will cooperate closely with the Space Council as it reviews
and guides our national space policy.
From its founding days, this nation has always accepted the challenge of a
new frontier. The spirit of Lewis and Clark-the spirit of adventure and
exploration-is still very much a part of America. I suspect that Lewis and
Clark would envy us as we stand on the threshold of the ultimate and
endless frontier-as we prepare to break the bonds of Earth.
g) Energy Utilization and Supply Energy is the ultimate resource. With
abundant energy we can recycle the elements of the earth's crust
indefinitely, desalinate sea water or pump it from underground aquifers to
obtain vast amounts of pure water, fix nitrogen from the air and liberate
phosphorus from the rocks to maintain a strong agricultural and industrial
economy indefinitely. But as noted above, almost all energy is produced
and used at significant environmental cost. Both for this reason and
because our fossil energy reserves are intrinsically limited, energy
conservation must play a greater role in future energy planning. This is
particularly true in industrial process technology.
The challenge here is that of developing an inexhaustible and more
environmentally benign source of energy while working our way through the
intervening period, until it becomes available, by utilizing our present
sources of energy with acceptable environmental and economic
consequences. Aggressive research on alternative energy sources, including
intrinsically safe nuclear fission reactors, is clearly required.
h) Information Science and Technology The Industrial Revolution, in
much less than a century, by augmenting the power of man's muscles,
changed the face of society; so also will the present Computer Revolution
in augmenting the power of man's mind. The past decade has witnessed
spectacular increase in the volume of information generated,
communicated, processed and used by humans, by machines, and by
organizations involving both. Internationally, there are over 1700 separate
entities that maintain at least one database but reflecting individual
initiatives and the lack of any agreed-upon standards these span a wide
variety of systems, services, command languages, protocols and
terminologies. We are fast approaching a level of electronic chaos that
will limit sharply the utility of these resources. The U.S. should take the
lead in negotiating and promulgating standards for electronic information
handling.
Keeping pace with this flood of information and using it creatively
demand evermore powerful supercomputers linked with broad-band national
and international communication networks. Such networks can
revolutionize not only the conduct of scientific and technological research
but also the speed and effectiveness with which the results of such research
can be integrated into all sectors of our society-manufacturing, education,
health care, defense and entertainment among them. Currently in this
country alone more than 600 individual networks incorporating more than
100,000 computers and workstations are linked by INTERNET and one of its
major components, NSFNET, links over 250 major educational and research
establishments.
i) Science and Technology Base The development and maintenance of
our science and technology base is one of the surest investments in our
national future. A recent, as yet unpublished, economic study of 76 major
American corporations in 7 industrial sectors, has demonstrated, for the
first time, that the average social rate of return on investment in academic
(basic) science and technology is about 28 percent. We have made progress
during the Reagan years in strengthening our science and technology base.
The budget of the National Institutes of Health has doubled over the past
seven years and President Bush has reaffirmed President Reagan's
announced national goal of doubling that of the National Science
Foundation by 1993. But a substantial part of the growth in NIH funding
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was compensatory for loss of purchasing power during the prior five year
period and over the past decade civilian R&D funding has remained
essentially constant at 1.8% of the Gross National Product. Experience
from our response in the 1960's to Sputnik in the education and research
communities, however, demonstrates that what is required here is steady,
predictable growth rather than sporadic response to perceived emergencies
or crisis situations. I support the 5 year authorization and 2 year
appropriations cycles proposed by President Bush because these longer time
horizons, together with decreased red tape in the federal agencies, can
reduce, dramatically, the lost time now taken from research and teaching
activities by academic faculty-and most particularly by its youngest and,
most creative members-in their annual searches for funding and in
satisfying subsequent federal grant reporting requirements. (In 1986, a
White House Science Council study found that young U.S. faculty members
in science and engineering spent, on average, some 30% of their available
time in such activities.)
Maintenance of the science and technology base, moreover involves both
new knowledge and trained professionals at all levels. As noted above, we
still produce extremely well-trained Ph.D. level personnel, although in
much too small numbers. However, at the bachelor, associate and high
school graduate levels our output falls far below our national requirements
both in quantity and in quality.
j) Balance A growing area of concern is that of maintaining a healthy
science and technology base with an appropriate balance between the
support of the large megaproject (i.e. big science) that typically attracts
broad media and public attention and that of the individual, or the small
groups of researchers (i.e. small science), working in relative obscurity but
still constituting the backbone of the U.S. scientific and technological
enterprise.
It is all too easy, once a megaproject-important as it may be-is underway,
for its momentum, particularly in times of overall financial stringency, to
sweep up substantial fractions of the funding that had been allocated to
smaller activities and projects, both in the host agency of the megaproject
and in other agencies as well. It is essential that in our long range planning
for the implementation of megaprojects that we act to protect small
science and maintain a healthy balance across our scientific and
technological activities.
k) International Science A number of the megaprojects currently under
consideration, such as the Superconducting-Supercollider, the Space
Station, and the Human Genome Project are unique and will be of world
class. As such, it has been natural for us to seek and encourage
international participation in these projects. Here again, such cooperation
builds communication bridges valuable far beyond confines of the science
and technology involved. We need a comprehensive approach to such
international scientific cooperation that can become an integral part of our
foreign relations activities. Further, we should improve our ability, as a
government, to utilize science and technology explicitly as a tool in
attaining the goals of U.S. foreign policy.
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THE ROLE OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
The above agenda divides naturally into two quite different categories-both under OSTP
purview: (1) science and technology for policy; and (2) policy for science and
technology. The first recognizes that science and technology are vital components of the
broad range of foreign and domestic issues facing us today; the second recognizes the
continuing need for a coherent and inclusive national science and technology policy-one
which preserves the dynamism and pluralism of our science and technology enterprise and
at the same time, one which fosters a close and mutually beneficial collaboration
between state and federal government, academia and the private sector. In both
categories, close, harmonious working relationships between OSTP staff and those of
other Executive Branch Offices-at all levels-and between OSTP staff and Congressional
staff-at all levels-are essential. I shall give high priority, should I be confirmed, to
developing such relationships. For example, detailed discussions aimed at establishing a
close working relationship between OSTP and the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) at all stages of preparation of future Presidential budgets are already in progress.
Equally important are relationships between OSTP and the scientific and technological
communities in the private sector, national laboratory and academic settings. OSTP can
play an important role in communication and consensus building with reference to both
long and short range strategies. But there must be no misunderstanding. OSTP cannot-
and will not-function as a representative or lobbying organization for these
communities. Were this to happen-or even be perceived to happen-OSTP's
effectiveness would be largely lost.
President Bush, in his February 9 message, proposed to designate the Director of OSTP,
once confirmed, as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and
subsequently has requested that he also chair a new, broadly-based, President's Council
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of Science and Technology Advisers, "comprising leading scientists, engineers, and
distinguished executives from the private sector."
This Council will provide a very important bridge between the scientific and
technological communities and the Executive Office of the President, an additional
channel for expert and objective advice and counsel, and an involved group of
distinguished citizens prepared to devote substantial time and effort (both as a Council
of the whole, and through ad hoc panels chaired by Council members that draw upon
members of the community involved having special expertise relating to the topics at
issue) to discussing, researching, and refining Presidential initiatives involving scientific
and technological content and policies.
Because it is obvious that no single individual can hope to address the enormous breadth
of scientific and technological issues that demand Presidential attention with expertise
in all, if I am confirmed, one of my highest priorities as Director of OSTP will be that of
bringing on board the four Presidentially appointed and Senate confirmed Associate
Directors called for in the 1976 law establishing OSTP. While my goal is that of
attracting outstanding individuals with broad experience, expertise and recognition in
their respective areas, it is even more that of bringing together a group of individuals
who, with their supporting staffs, will constitute a collegial group of generalists prepared
to address, cooperatively, the issues involving science and technology that have risen to
Presidential level. This group will also maintain a watchful overview that can provide
early warning and, where necessary, recommendations for appropriate action concerning
new science and technology related developments that have the potential of becoming
such issues.
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It again bears emphasis, however, that I, and all the members of the Council and the
OSTP staff are very much aware of the fact that scientific and technological issues
generally represent only one term in the policy equation. Considerations entirely outside
of science and technology-political, international, economic and others-may well be the
dominant and decisive ones. Scientific and technological knowledge is a necessary, but
far from sufficient, input in the development of optimal national policies.
Even more than in the case of OSTP noted above, I view my own role, if confirmed, as
being that of a trusted member of the President's inner circle of advisors-not a lobbyist
for the scientific and technological communities. The Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology should be someone aware both of the potential importance and
relevance of scientific or technological considerations to policy under discussion and to
the potential impact of such policies on science and technology.
Drawing on the resources available both within, and outside, of OSTP and the Council of
Science and Technology Advisers it will be my responsibility, shared by my senior OSTP
colleagues, to insure that the best judgments that science and technology can provide are
available at all times to the President, to the various arms of the Executive Office of the
President and, where appropriate, to the Congress. At the same time it will be our
responsibility, shared in particular with OMB and with Congressional staff, to insure,
through coordination of federal activities in science and technology and cross cutting
analyses of their effectiveness and responsiveness to Presidential and Congressional
intent, that the resources that the Congress makes available to these activities are
utilized as effectively and efficiently as possible.
The national agenda that I have outlined above presents a wealth of opportunities and
challenges. Our success in responding to them will depend upon mobilization of our best
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talent and our best ideas; it will require that we be prepared to try new approaches; and
above all, it will require that my associates and I must be prepared to listen. We need
good ideas-from whatever source-and we are prepared to listen.
It is with no little humility, but with great confidence that by working together we can
make this a stronger, better nation, that I ask for your confirmation as Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy.
This ends my prepared statement, Mr. Chairman and I should be happy to respond to
questions that you and the Committee Members may wish to raise.