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Office of Science/Technology Policy [II]
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
1999-0093-F
1999-0093-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: Policy Development, White House Office of
Series:
Goldstein, Ed, Files
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
06672
Folder ID Number:
06672-016
Folder Title:
Office of Science/Technology Policy [II]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
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G
0
0
0
0
MEMORANDUM
January 7, 1989
To:
Andy Card
From: Brad Mitchell
Re:
Issues concerning the Office of Science and Technology
Policy (OSTP)
Overriding
Issue:
The world is becoming technologically sophisticated
at an exponential rate. As the end of the century
approaches, it is increasingly clear that familiar
policy mechanisms and standard approaches may no
longer be sufficient to deal with future realities
and problems. Policy-makers must have available
methods for increasing their own level of
technological sophistication so well-informed
decisions can be made in this complex world.
Furthermore, careful consideration must be given to
the choice of the policy-makers themselves and their
advisors.
Objective:
This memo addresses the President-elect's stated
desire to improve the process by which advice and
analysis on matters pertaining to science and
technology policy are provided to the President.
Brief
Assessment:
The primary issue confronting OSTP is overall
credibility within the federal government and with
the science and technology community outside the
government, including academia and industry. At the
present time, questions and concerns exist as to the
role and effectiveness of OSTP in the policy making
process.
The resources appropriated to OSTP in terms of
budget and FTE's are not at a level which would
enable OSTP to carry out its mission, as outlined
in P.L. 94-282. See Attachment A, Title I and Title
II blue highlights.
As a result of the President-elect's strong positive
statements concerning science and technology during
the campaign, the science and technology community
has high expectations for the Bush Administration.
Specific
Problems:
1.
Organization:
O
It is perceived that the current Director
of OSTP does not have direct access to the
President and, consequently, does not play
a major role in policy design.
O
OSTP does not have clearly defined
roles and responsibilities.
O
OSTP has not effectively advised the
President on the setting of national
science and technology goals.
o
The current organizational structure does
not reflect the President-elect's stated
priorities and goals in the area of
science and technology.
2. Resources:
o
The OSTP budget has declined the last four
consecutive years. The 1989 OSTP
appropriation is the lowest in over a
decade (real dollars). See Attachment B.
The decline in funding adds to the
perception that the Office is not vital.
o
OSTP has a total staff of 27 people, only
9 of whom are permanent employees. The
remaining 18 are detailees or liasons from
other agencies.
Potential
Solutions:
President Bush must clearly define the role,
responsibilities, and priorities of OSTP as they
relate to other offices in the Executive Office of
the President (National Space Council, National
Security Council, Economic Policy Council, Domestic
Policy Council, Office of Management and Budget,
etc.), so that the Office can be more effective in
advising the President on setting national goals.
Only after this definition is complete can an
effective organization in terms of personnel and
budget be designed. The following recommendations
reflect my view that the Assistant to the President
for Science and Technology should play the role of
"honest broker", presenting proposals and offering
advice to the President as objectively as possible.
1. Organization: Please see Attachment C for
suggested organization.
o
Elevate the President's Science Advisor
to Assistant to the President for Science
and Technology with Cabinet level status
(without portfolio). Establish direct
access between the Assistant and the
President, thereby enhancing the
Assistant's role in the policy making
process.
O
Appoint a Director of OSTP to be confirmed
by the Senate. This person could also
serve as the unofficial deputy to the
Assistant to the President. The Director
of OSTP would be the line manager of the
Assistant to the President's
organizational capacity.
Establish the President's Council of
Science and Technology Advisors, composed
of leading scientists, engineers and
distinquished executives from the private
sector. The members of this elite group
should be appointed by the President. The
Assistant to the President for Science
and Technology should serve as the
chairman of the President's Council of
Science and Technology Advisors.
Rationale:
-
The Assistant to the President would not
be the Director of OSTP under this
organizational plan. The Assistant would
be free of OSTP's daily operational
requirements and could more fully serve
the President as an "honest broker;"
-
The Assistant would play a key role in the
science and technology priority-setting
process as "pork barrel" science becomes
increasingly problematic;
-
The person named to the Assistant position
would be exempt from Congressional
confirmation. The Director of OSTP would
be the liason to Congress.
This would cut the tie between the
President's top science and technology
advisor and the Congress, enabling the
Assistant to provide confidential,
objective advice to the President.
2. Resources:
O
Appoint the Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology early in the
transition period, preferably before the
inauguration.
Rationale:
-
An early appointment allows the
Assistant to take part in early
budget battles, especially FY 90,
which may help address the resource
problem indicated above;
-
The Assistant could advise the
President on the many other key
scientific and technological
appointments early in the
Administration;
-
The Assistant would have a reasonable
amount of time to design the
organizational structure of OSTP in
a manner which would reflect the
President-elect's priorities;
-
An early appointment sends a strong,
clear signal that this post is
important to the President-elect.
Better candidates will be attracted
to science and technology jobs in the
Administration if they perceive
President-elect Bush has a personal
interest in S&T.
Note:
In 1981, the Reagan
Administration waited several months
before selecting a Science Advisor.
Not surprisingly, the first seven
distinquished professionals asked to
take the position turned the job
down.
12/5/98
ED KNAPP Conversation
Guy Stever was President Nixon's
science Advisor to the went NSE
NSF & ERic Bloch term expires in 1990.
done goal yes building
12-5-88
Hanus KUHARR ConversAtion
OSTP Assistal to Pres. for sei+Tech
shall be hanest broker objective presenting
Make Assistant to Pres.
make
his Deputy
PIRECTOR of OSTP
Presental InterAct
2
micelle an clear
NSPG
NRSG meetings (if S+T dinersin)
NSC only (if SXT dinas-)
menser of Economic Rly Cancel (if S+T dienk)
Parent Puly (wil (if S+T drews
Instite CRit.LAC Issue
Funly
SHAFFY.
Direct Access to Pres.
4 white Hase Science Carcil
adivis weet every other MAR -
PR. Bill Graham
notes
1-25-89
/
wels
,
WHSC membership
2
\
ASEAN Conference JAN30. Fes 4.
tell him about Budget PirectoR
-
FY89 t EY90 Budget
Takex R+D sudget 65 B.
2
likes involvemed in EPC, DPC I MSC mtg.
Shand institionalize those.
3
better window to AcAdemiA & industry
(all All-s- to get this Going !!
Scitt Best
1
RxR Perter
NV
KAte
celtor to Bil Extrater
Q5TP Michelle Vhn Klieve
Mission
4 scrence of technology explanation to press
Jan 9
It special analysis J
for S ETT
9
9 permanent
3 professional
5 political
4 career
HA
S&T policy modal I
corrdmate SElT
principal focal pt.
the
melt
#1
honest Broker
4 Issue
split
Congressional
Presidential
- change title
4
Y
to the Chaef of staff
NS PG
when tech subjects
NSC
is
"
Domestic Policy Commal
Economic Policy Council
White House Science Council
4 Issue
- access to Pres.
- funding
Noreen
Joe Hezer Manveen Noonan OMB 11 Jan 89
NASA
ISSUE
& kup run out would entail budget increases m the vollant
9 Bush commitmer to
- Missim to Planet Earth
4
3yr appropriation for space sta tear?
4
ELV not in berdget
Shuttle C as an option w/, (ALS) (AL S)
Advanced heavy lift w/ DOD
no Hap 14 technology
41 commercial zation
- use invest appropriations for what private mkt won't
- commercially Aeveloped space Facility
NAS, NA Finan, NASA looking
- got private Financing
support face lithes
manufac turing faulty for solid & motor
Gout owned Can tractor operator
Can COCO ( an govt Property)
- only one benyer (gout)
must go to multi year budget process
need to market other benefits
OSTP
can't can mand other
Graham
the problem, staff weak
5
hylong
respect
- Un responsive to longriss
did OSTP get the message
budyet into puniture by Congress
roles
inside advisor
lobbyist of 5040 community
- Global report done by omB, Fixit system ?
policy spot is perso
- never have used FTE
- major fince mending an Hill, Agencido
- more concerned n/ represen to has than substance
- get some relief / Flesibility on Sime of
The detailes 50% pay out
Levers
- budget
- fix it
OSTP w/
role of YDOD
- top line policy w/ am DOD
omB lose con trol
NSF
41 danble NSF budget over 5 years
4 rc tooling Budget
- ing trumentation
-
I Education
- walnative
10 Jan 89 Mary English Public Affairs
H Keeping public 14 formed, Unswer allqueries from Press
4 liaison w/ with / agencies
- speech writers
4 member of senior staff
G coordinate Grahan's speaking engagements
4 oversel speeches
H present structure OK
- science Advisor / Director of OSTP
should remember
- separate combine tolithot needed
can call M expert when you needs
Graham cooperate good at getting people to
- short an states
- - many people fighting for the job
E conumic & Domestic luncel mins teaship
could be valuable
- white House Sceence Council
effection
Driefs Pres
report to Scence Advisor
Deborah Smith
G1 Souna & tech Dec. w/ India
IPR?
4 highest priority w/ Japan
global competitiveness
4 Somet Union
,
no int'l stilnce atah policy w/ he Duersight
no coordinated overall structure
*
GH constant trusion between state & OSTP
H symetrical access n trade Bill
& protection of IPR's
41 global competitioness
tech transfer
* 4 elevation to Assistant to the President
in portant for implementator capabilitas
9 1992 EEC
- reciprontly of tech trans
4 June
scence Advisor hosto masaic
China - us delgation meeting
4 Fall
Japanere visit
10 Jun29 Dr Joe De Sutter
Military Assistant to the Director but now more Director Exampled
Arms Control Expert
manage
- good relationships w/ NSC w/ostp
day-to-day
- need priority setters
serious producties
strengthen offer
- get a vote
Deborah Wince -Smith
- longest term at 4 yrs
- issue
- plugged in $ Domestic Conncils
longeturity of inject granp
Policy Coordinator developer
- rivalvy w/omB
Pres. priorities set by the budget
- understafting causing credi bility/implementate problem
Under sure
tolch & Scrence
Commerci
10 Jan 89 Dr Rona
CH NASA
- dilemma aspirations us budget constraints
short into
- an verge of
subcritical
It not ready for Space Station
Nat'll space Policy
4 - DOD can provide own Space
- Space station
- added planet bary Hyplovation
4 who sets priorites
4 fours an big projects
Natural Acrospace plane
41 make projects more efficient
OSTP
Role: small but influential
1
objective
servoc mat'l interest as derected by the Pres.
arthenlate to agencies +
wish List
1
Director's role should not change
2
more professional 5 staff
15130 B RAD
to be
3
formal recognitions
- must not nud to tight for this
issentially involved
- statuary members of councils
- access of DOD Accountment ell terrance
higher sophis ticution of missles 1550/16
3
long range natural security 5 trategy
what 15 the backup of REY
Sp Asst
Bob POST
10 Jun 07
to the Dir.
detailel from OMB
50% of work initiated by B.G.
- Press briefing
A
It watnesses
- need Better relatteenships w/ OMB
- lack of budgetary understanding
74 staff subantical
- may not Be atle for OSTA
to patisfy Congressional
take outers
- trade off between Ex. branch &
demands
H Budget
neclsoring but suffecent
a OSTP to be more activitist
global elmail
>
computitive
cross agricy 133mls
Hgt F1 90 budget
4 Check ng assum ptions on mujor project
- SSC
- Space station
- human Emo Mission
- Fy'90 Budget OSTP
-
NASA
Beverly Berger
4 Life Scunces
- damage limitation ( honest broker) avoiding on sub policy policy leacts
- invited to most meetings
4 issues
- int'l
environmental
- regulatory
&
biotch
risk assessment
- AIDS
- tssues (org)
preemin and of national security
- Heh transfer still needed badly
CSTP
Jue DesulteR
Ive PestteR
1-9-89
Executive PiRectoR of Lettsc d of OSTP
been here about 2yr.
CAre here to be military Allistant
when Thopsan left assumed duties of Exec. PRICTOR of ustp.
Rule of arilitary Assistant
Well arms contRol expert for Graham
estAblished close working relationships with NSC staff
Cason OSTP to NSC staff
Executive PaRector wore or less chef upeaty officer
glogrAding is a real problem
- Science Advisor is OEUB al OSTP is in
new Execute office Bldg.
* The PRicRty setting rule of OSTP
ug to strengthen
OSTR
Special Assistant to Piozeiter
Bas Poit
Budget
1-10-89
- Detaile from omB
Do 50% live work
here since may
Po 544 special prejects for Graham
Weakness - lack of budgelary expertive.
budget- Stademet of policy 4 prierties.
OMB in MoRe driver seal the OSTP
in terms of budget.
USTP operate in a Valver
&
Congress disiving OSTP agenda
- eponts - Questinst disners
- testinary
OUTP must respons to Congress
this year ONP hading off oblivian - trevendes
workbay proming
2
Bos Post
1/9/59
Fy 90 Bueget request 2.0 will
this will bring Julget back to about where it was
in 1998
Actual 1989 Budget Appropriation 1.57 willie
Jack Sima Fellon former GM Man
-Merchie tods, americance calrased Machine
05TP - farms at studies
certain CRITICAL Nass of expertive tv understand
the analysis
Must prelsy issue (s) budget:
MURE activist al uniner poole
3
*
doesn't like prierty setting device
1-9-89
in typ damn FAshian like, priority setting more
From bottom up.
comats George He budget is a symptom of a (Agor problem
FY 89 briget -OSTP is strapped
need Yplenertal Ludget to get through
How Dues 4K process work
Joe Hizer
Science Prejects PRiaP.ties
Shttle Costs
Michelle Usincleave
12/22
support the Pridet in S+T WATTERS
support pet.y cerne-l PPC, EPC
Advise OMB
Acxisle office geared by the Presidet
OSTP does Breifing the Press on SeT budget issues
10 Jeni th briefing a budget S+T Issues
atp
FederAl Budget
what OSTP
special Analysis J.
reviews
9 nine persons permanently allined
detailes for retuals persons
2 PAS P.Rector
Deputy
Ses (Ron- career) Midelle k. UAN Clear
NO: 902000
DATE: 1/20/88
SPACE/NASA
STATEMENT OF VICE PRESIDENT
GEORGE BUSH
I am committed to reestablishing America as the world's
leader in space. Americans are explorers -- we need to push back
the frontier of our knowledge. Continued space exploration is
vital to the nation's security and economic growth as well.
The new technologies resulting from space experiments have
produced dynamic improvements in fields such as electronics
and medicine.
Space exploration provides our children, the next generation
of scientists and engineers, with a sense of vision to
encourage their imaginations and energies.
These are four specific aspects to my space program:
-
The federal government should get out of the business of
being a freight service for routine commercial
payloads. I want to encourage the development of -- not
compete with -- private commercial space development.
-
I will create a National Space Council chaired by the
Vice President and composed of the Secretaries of
Commerce, Defense, State and Transportation as well as
the Administrator of NASA.
-
I support construction of a replacement space shuttle
and a heavy lift launch capability that will provide us
with flexible, reliable access to space, and I've
strongly supported the development of a space station.
-
I support "Mission to the Planet Earth" -- which is a
project designed to establish platforms in space to
observe climatic changes on earth. The information
gained through this project will be of great value to
farmers, fishermen, weathermen, scientists, all of us.
###
Rule
difficult
l
2 PResidents Science Advisor
HAts:
2
pirector of OSTP
3
Rule? (tonest broken in the Executive BSAnch
use NSC as Modlel for OSTP
Desorah wince
conpetitiveness 1 Japanese
all Andren about NSC Model
& be is called to testify is Capell
Pas/Las
of mg plan
Pro:
Liser plger a inner circule
(an:
do staff or organizati inside to
support what be dues.
NO: 901000
DATE: 6/22/88
STATEMENT OF VICE PRESIDENT
GEORGE BUSH
Science and Technology
Technology is America's economic fountain of youth. It is
what keeps us prosperous and vital. To stimulate our
technological innovation: progress, we must adopt a program emphasizing
We must commit to increasing our national investment in
research and development. Both government and business
must devote more resources to R&D.
The federal government should increase its research and
development investment; we should make the R&D tax
credit permanent.
To encourage innovation, we must strengthen
intellectual property protection both at home and
abroad.
We must constantly oppose regulation which stifles
competition, striving instead for innovative products
and services. An illustrative example is the new
biotechnology industry, which offers much promise in
improved health care.
American business needs to get closer to the source of
American inventiveness. It should have closer partnerships with
government and university labs, so business can better
commercialize scientific advances.
###
1-10-99
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BOS Post
1
B031702 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The vice president also toured the world's largest wind tunnel at
NASA's Ames Research Center, where space agency officials briefed Bush
and for the proposed space station.
on current research and also pushed for an increase in the NASA budget
"The space station is very important to us, " Bush said.
"Obviously the thing is to get the space shuttle flying, and that will
happen. Then we can move to the space station."
06/28/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
MOLINSKI, MICHAEL
We should also concentrate on developing new markets for our farm
products to aid at home. I am a tremendous believer in alcohol fuels not only
corn farmers, but because of the enormous payoffs they bring -- in
be through the use of alcohol fuels. The Administration's Task Force on
only feasible way to reduce their carbon monoxide and ozone emissions will
energy security and environmental quality. Many cities will find that the
Regulatory Relief, which I am proud to chair, has very actively cleared
away bureaucratic obstacles to that development.
At the same time, we should take a serious look at the focus of our
emphasis ot on increasing production. But increasing farmers' production does
agricultural research efforts. For decades, we have put our primary
lowering the cost it takes to produce a bushel of corn.
necessarily increase farmers' profits. We should also concentrate on
***Bush's statement on Rebuilding Rural America, 07/31/87***
07/31/87 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
B031702 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Bush goes him one better in space. On a campaign Administration swing through
Alabama, he flight center in Huntsville that he approve The a
George suggests to National Aeronautics and Space might
workers mission at the to space Mars, which could cost a whopping $300 science billion. project Mr. vice
manned president's science advisers can't name a single big
Bush opposes.
***SKIPPED instance, PARAGRAPHS*** he advocates making the research-and-development And he backs tax
For which could cost $800 million a year. about $500 an
credit ambitious permanent, program to study the Earth from space, at a cost of JOURNAL
million a year.
08/09/88 WALL STREET
DAVIS, ROBERT
And I want to prepare the way for future growth. I want to keep
America in the forefront of innovation. That's why I want a permanent
extension of the R&D tax credit.
09/13/88 '88 CAMPAIGN SPEECHES
I've formulated a comprehensive policy for national energy security
that includes:
*
Tax incentives for returning stripper wells to production and more
R&D to encourage more secondary and tertiary recovery.
*
Tax credits for exploration and drilling. This will get the rig
count and decrease our dependence on foreign oil.
*
up Liberalization of the intangible drilling cost provisions in the tax
code.
*
Increasing the fill rate of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Decontrol of natural gas. The Democrat-controlled Congress has
blocked * decontrol for too long -- and my opponent said in his book,
"Massachusetts Miracle", that it must be a "priority" to "press for the
reregulation of natural gas."
09/22/88 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
Bush promised to "make sure America remains the world's high-tech
leader, saying he will make the research and development tax credit
permanent, and seek government research and development authorization
for five years and appropriations for two years at a time to provide for
better long-range planning.
"It will be tough with Congress, but I'm going to fight for
that,' he said.
He said private industry should decide which technologies have the
most potential in the marketplace and merit further research and
development.
"Centralized planning leads only to centralized stagnation, " he
said. "Entrepreneurs, not bureaucrats, are going to blaze America's
trail to the future.
10/25/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
B031702 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
I think it's high time we got our energy, not just from the
Middle East, but from the Middle West. And in the bargains, farmers
can turn their crop surpluses into cash. Greater use of alternative
fuels will be the centerpiece of my efforts to open new markets for
America's crops, but there are many other exciting potential uses
for our farm products. For example, we are already using corn
starch to make biodegradable plastic and soybean oil to make
packaging will create still other new markets. In the future, new
printers ink. New food technology and production, processing and
technology and education are the keys to
keeping America's agricultural competitive edge. To be competitive
today and tomorrow, we cannot rely on yesterday's technologies. And
development and implementation of new technologies.
as President, I will remain strongly in support of research,
07/11/88 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
million, the laboratory to the farm. Today, only about taking
message telling me from about the job that so many of you do in going, were the
I was profoundly impressed, what Earl and Jack Block
is directed out of a billion dollars of agricultural research $50
My administration toward funding promising alternative products budget,
mentioned. developing new markets for crops, some of which I've
and would shift the focus to lowering production and uses. costs
them And when we make advances in technology, just move
as quickly as possible from the laboratory to the we farm. will
07/11/88 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
Later
in
the
manned that Discovery's if he is triumphant elected day, he return Mr. will Bush commit by further telling the sought nation an audience to to take launching in advantage Redding, Calif., of the
space station by 1996.
an
operational
10/04/88 WASHINGTON TIMES
B031703 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.TECHNOLOGY
I think it's high time we got our energy, not just from the
Middle East, but from the Middle West. And in the bargains, farmers
can turn their crop surpluses into cash. Greater use of alternative
fuels will be the centerpiece of my efforts to open new markets for
America's crops, but there are many other exciting potential uses
starch to make biodegradable plastic and soybean oil to make
for our farm products. For example, we are already using corn
printers ink. New food technology and production, processing and
technology and education are the keys to
packaging will create still other new markets. In the future, new
today and tomorrow, we cannot rely on yesterday's technologies. And
keeping America's agricultural competitive edge. To be competitive
development and implementation of new technologies.
as President, I will remain strongly in support of research,
07/11/88 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
We're going to expand our efforts to make rural communities
more attractive to industry. We're going to have to open the tax
bill to do that, and we haven't been willing to do that in this
administration because we wanted to settle down after that Tax
Reform Act. But as I look at it, we should, in a very laser-like
way, open up the whole tax structure so we can attract more industry
to rural America. We're going to provide better education for our
children, and continuing education for our farmers and ranchers, to
help them adapt to these new technologies. For displaced farmers
and their families, we've got to do a good job, a better job, on job
retraining. I am very heartened by the economic statistics, in
terms of the overall unemployment in this country. We've reached a
brand new low. We've reached a high in terms of the greatest
percentage of the work force at work than in any time in modern
history, more Americans at work than at any time in American
history. Things are good. People are optimistic. They say, "Yes,
we are better off than we were, " and then they look into the future
with typical American optimism, and they say, by something like six
to one, "We are going to be better off tomorrow than we are today. "
07/11/88 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
I was profoundly impressed, what Earl and Jack Block
message from the laboratory to the farm. Today, only about $50
telling me about the job that so many of you do in going, were taking the
million, is directed out of a billion dollars of agricultural research budget,
toward funding promising alternative products and
My and administration would shift the focus to lowering production uses. costs
mentioned. them And when we make advances in technology, we will move
developing new markets for crops, some of which I've just
as quickly as possible from the laboratory to the farm.
07/11/88 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
B031701 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.NASA
president, that would give NASA a greater voice in administration decisions
Bush also has pledged to create a National Space Council, led by his vice
than the civilian agency has under the present structure.
05/27/88 ORLANDO SENTINEL
on NASA's current Ames Research Center, where space agency officials briefed Bush at
The vice president also toured the world's largest wind tunnel
and for the research proposed and space also station. pushed for an increase in the NASA budget
"The space station is very important to us, Bush said.
happen. Then we can move to the space station.
"Obviously the thing is to get the space shuttle flying, and that will
06/28/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
MOLINSKI, MICHAEL
system. "long-term There is much manned and unmanned exploration George of urged
In a Huntsville, commitment Ala., to speech, Vice President Bush a
mission to Mars to be done--further exploration of the the moon, solar a
07/18/88 NEWSWEEK
B031701 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.NASA
The launch of the space shuttle Discovery also figured prominently
in the 1988 campaign for the White House.
Bush announced to wildly cheering supporters at a rally in St.
Charles, Mo., that the shuttle had lifted off and he declared, "We're
going to keep the edge in space. We're back! America is back!"
09/29/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
vice flag-draped president observation stand. "A great day for our country," the a
"Just great, Bush said after watching the shuttle landing from
its first added, standing front and center as the space campaigning concluded
Bush mission since the Challenger disaster more than two program years
later, saying he was proud to "welcome the space shuttle Discovery back hours to
formally hailed the astronauts at a welcoming ceremony a few ago.
earth, back to America, and back to the future."
In his and prepared remarks, Bush thanked the astronauts, thanked the
disaster you from above. " That reference to the victims of the
cheering crews recalled the "seven departed friends, who will never be forgotten, support
scripted to accentuate the positive.
more than two years ago was the only somber note of a Challenger campaign day
10/03/88 ASSOCIATED PRESS
The vice president, at a rally in the northern California
been said, "The return of the shuttle, the return of America to space, town, has
enormously moving for all of us."
*********skipped paragraphs
"I am convinced this is not only an adventure but
responsibility, and one we shirk at our peril, he said. a
president and would be composed of the heads of the departments
Bush said the National Space Council would be headed by the vice
recommendations He regarding specific directions for the future.
Defense, State, Transportation, Commerce and of NASA, and would make of
the goal a "feasible, sensible and worthy of a great nation."
also called for an operational space station by 1996 and called
10/03/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
B031701 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
Hauck was first out of Discovery, smiling and waving a giant
American flag. Vice President George Bush, NASA Administrator James
Fletcher and Truly greeted the crew.
At the afternoon welcoming ceremony, the crew thanked NASA, its
contractors and the American public for making the mission a success.
Bush said to the astronauts, "Thank you for putting America back
in space. Thank you for reminding us that's where we belong. And thank
you for all that unheralded hard work and thank you for your courage.'
The vice president also invoked the names of the Challenger Seven.
"Now, what was once remembered in sadness, is now relived in
triumph. I can't help but think that just as you had millions cheering
forgotten cheering for you from above."
for you from below, you had seven departed friends who will never be
10/03/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
"When heroes return to a grateful nation, those who welcomed
prepared remarks.
often strain to come up with words that equal their deeds," said Bush them in
hearts : Thank you for putting America back in space. Thank say, you for our
"But is in this case that isn't possible, and all we can from
reminding us that's where we belong."
***skipped paragraph***
ol' supported bird ever, said Bush. "You have shown that the shuttle ever is a and strong
"You have proven " that the space program is stronger than more
and that it could -- and should -- fly again.
10/04/88 BOSTON GLOBE
turned safely today in "beautiful" shape, the - born-again
EDWARDS home AIR and FORCE BASE, Calif. (UPI) With the shuttle Discovery
Challenger to the future, its recovery from the shock space of the agency
disaster finally over.
***SKIPPED PARAGRAPH***
American Fletcher and Truly greeted President the George crew. Bush, NASA Administrator waving giant James
Hauck was flag. first Vice out of Discovery, smiling and a
contractors At the afternoon welcoming ceremony, the crew thanked
Bush said and to the the American public for making the mission NASA, its
you in for all that you for reminding us that's where America back
space. Thank astronauts, "Thank you for putting a success.
The vice unheralded hard work and thank we belong. And thank
triumph. I can't was once remembered in sadness, is now Challenger
"Now, what president also invoked the names of you the for your courage.' Seven.
forgotten for you from cheering below, help for you but you had think from seven above. that departed just as friends you had who millions relived will never in cheering be
10/04/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
B031702 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
"Technology is America's economic fountain of youth. It is what keeps
uS prosperous and vital. To stimulate our technological progress, we
should do the following:
---We must commit to increasing our national investment in research and
development. Both government and business must devote more resources to R
& D.
The federal government should increase research and development
investment even beyond the current strong levels.
---To encourage more business investment, we should make the R & D tax
credit permanent.
---To encourage innovation, we should strengthen intellectual
property protection both at home and abroad.
"
American business needs to get closer to the source of America's
inventiveness. It should have closer partnerships with government labs and
university labs, so business can better commercialize scientific advances."
--St. Louis U., May 16, 1987
05/16/87 REPUBLICAN SPEECHES
George Bush a one-time oilman - said in Morgantown, W.Va., that
Americans have "gotten a little fat, dumb and happy in this country in terms
of our relaxation in the face of our becoming increasingly dependent on
foreign oil. People working in research institutes, pushing back the
frontiers of human understanding, will have more of an impact on the 21st
century than all of us down in Washington, D.C.
05/04/88 USA TODAY
on NASA's current Ames Research Center, where space agency officials briefed tunnel at
The vice president also toured the world's largest wind
and for the research proposed and space also station. pushed for an increase in the NASA budget Bush
"The space station is very important to us," Bush said.
happen. "Obviously the thing is to get the space shuttle flying, and that will
Then we can move to the space station.'
06/28/88 UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
MOLINSKI, MICHAEL
MEMORANDUM
To:
Richard English
From: Brad Mitchell
Re: Science and Technology Promises. Commitments
O
Establish the position of Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology in the Executive Office of the
President.
Reinviçorate the Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP).
Create a President's Council of Science and Technology
Advisors, composed of leading scientists. engineers and
distinguished executives from the private sector.
O
Proposed doubling the National Science Foundation's budget
over the next five years. Key priority will be increased
funding for retooling science and engineering labs at
colleges and universities.
O
Supports making all federal R&D authorizations for 5 years
and all federal R&D appropriations for 2 years.
Believes study of the sciences should be part of every
child's basic education.
Supports increased funding for magnet schools (many
emphasize science education).
Believes science education must continue to be key priority
for National Science Foundation.
Supports efforts of states to enhance math and science
education by developing alternative certification programs.
Will convene White House Conference on Education placing
special emphasis on math and science education. Will
discuss and define the goals of our MBDD and science
curricula.
Supports making the R&D tax credit permanent.
Supports cutting capital gains tax rate from 28 percent to
15 percent on all assets held more than one year.
Encourages Partnerships for Progress -- partnerships between
business, universities. and government to advance base
building technologies.
Committed to protecting American intellectual property
rights both at home and abroad.
Committed to increasing our national investment in research
and development.
Committed to expanding exports.
Must streamline and strengthen export control system.
O
Will work with leaders of American high-tech industries to
develop a coherent and comprehensive high-tech trade policy.
O
Will work to provide consistent economic incentives and
regulatory reform to enhance the ability of American
business to commercialize new ideas and new technologies.
TOC LEADER DISTRIBUTION LIST
Marshall Breger
Lew Crampton
Reid Detchon
Carol Ford
Eric Garfinkel
Margaret Garikas
Patricia Kearney
Lynette Lenard
Antonio Lopez
Michael Marino
Shellyn McCaffrey
Brad Mitchell
Gretchen Pagel
Richard Porter
Rob Quartel
Mike Uhlmann
December 4, 1988
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
Campaign commitments:
Double National Science Foundation budget over five years.
C
Federal support will be concentrated on basic research.
Federal government should not attempt central planning for
American research.
Make the Research and Development tax credit permanent.
Cut capital gains tax rate to 15 percent.
Seek government R&D authorizations for five years and
appropriations for two years at a time.
C
Encourage cooperation between government, laboratories, and
business.
Protect intellectual property and see that American
companies have Just as much access to foreign research
projects as foreign companies have to ours.
Reestablish the National Space Council, chaired by the Vice
President.
Support the Special Isotope Reactor at the Idano National
Engineering Laboratory.
0
Upgrade position of science advisor to the President and
make the new Assistant to the President a member of the
Economic Policy Council and the national security planning
process.
Establish a President's Council of Science and Technology
Advisors.
Support the "Mission to Planet Earth."
Develop and deploy SDI.
O
Improve math and science education.
O
Increase funding for AIDS research
Provide adequate funding for research into the causes of
long-term chronic disability, like Alzheimer's alsease and
strokes.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
(Questions for all science and technology appointments)
1.
Should the Federal government emphasize basic scientific
research in its funding of research?
2. How would you help resolve the tensions between scientists
who work on defense-related projects and scientists who do not?
Is there sufficient funding for both groups?
3. How, practically, can we build partnerships among government,
business, and universities?
4. Should certain Federal grantees be prohibited from publishing
the results of their research because of national security
concerns? How would you decide which areas should be classified?
How would you reconcile this with universities' belief in
academic freedom?
5. Should we adopt a policy of reciprocity against countries
that do not give American researchers the same access to their
labs that we give to foreign researchers?
6. How can we encourage more young people to consider careers in
science and engineering?
7. What steps can we take to ensure better quality in American
products?
Bush
Quayle
******
EXCERPTS OF REMARKS FOR
VICE PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH
OHIO ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS
COLUMBUS, OHIO
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1988
We have grown accustomec. in the political arena to speaking
in the language of economics. We talk of Gross National Product,
the consumer price index and the leading economic indicators.
The economists sift and tally their numbers and present us with
the facts of our economic existence.
But I want to talk today about another kind of economic
fact, one that is often overlooked by those numbers, but one that
is, in many ways, more fundarental.
Imagine a computer the size of a room, shrunk down to a size
that will fit comfortably on your lap. Imagine today's
super-ccmputer shrunk down SO that it fits on a single silicon
chip -- this is the kind of Cramatic improvment the experts now
predict. This is the computer revolution -- the positive
explosion of productivity at the heart of our economy.
It is accelerating the rocess of discovery, of innovation
and charge and has helped give America, in these last eight
years, one or the most remar able periods of creativity our
economy has ever known.
But the fundamental poi it I want to make today is this --
these dramatic breakthroughs don't only effect silicon valley or
other high-tech centers, its effects are spreading throughout our
economy.
It is a mistake to segregate in one's mind "high tech" from
the rest: of our industrial base. In fact, one of the most
profounc: effects of this technological revolution is the
revitalization of our traditional industries -- not replacement,
but revitalization -- making cur products more competitive in
global markets. Technology is America's economic fountain of
youth.
We are in a new era of American industry, where the "service
sector" melds with the industrial sector to create modern
manufacturing. Americans are taking America's high-tech
advantage and putting it to work reshaping our factories to be
more competitive in the new information age. Some of the most
dramatic examples are right here in Ohio.
-more-
733 15th Street, N.W. Suite 800 Washington, D.C. 20005 202/842-1988
Paid for by Bush-Quayle 88
2
There are so many succes es here in Ohio, its hard to pick
just a few. For example, take American Steel and Wire
Corporation in Cleveland, whi, h bought several of United States
Steel's "moth balled" facilit. es and remodeled them with the
latest steel technology. The are also paving the way to the
future with an ambitious Employee Stock Ownership Plan -- in my
view, sone of the best labor elations are when employees become
owners.
Take the Castite Corporation, also of Cleveland, whose
President, Joan Lamson, persomifies American entrepreneurship.
Utilizing a new technology that makes metal castings
pressure-tight, she decided to start her own company -- and she
took it to an inner-city community, hiring half of her employees
from one of the roughest part of town.
Meac Corporation in Dayton, a maker of paper products, is
also utilizing new technology in their paper mills, as well as
diversifying into, among othe: things, information services, with
their dramatically successful "Lexis" and "Nexis." Employment at
their information division has cone from roughly 490 employees in
1980 to over 2,400 today.
It's this kind of restructuring that is putting new strength
in the heartland's rebound and making the term "rustbelt"
obsolete. A few numbers: unemployment, a painful 12.5 percent
in Ohio during the recession, is now 5.9 percent -- still too
high, but moving dramatically in the right direction. Throughout
our nation's heartland, in almost every state, service sector and
manufacturing employment has umped. In Iowa, manufacturing
employmert is up 5 percent over last year, 10 percent over two
years agc. Wisconsin's industrial employment is up four
percent, Minnesota's 3.7 percent, Indiana's three percent.
26,000 new businesses sprang if in Ohio last year alone, creating
many of the new jobs.
I think we sometimes make the mistake of thinking of the
high-tech, "service sectors" of our economy as being in
competition with the industrial sectors. But the industrial
revolution didn't replace agriculture. Its inventions, from John
Deere's steel plow and Cyrus 1cCormick's reaper to the steam
combine and now to today's most modern farm machinery only made
agriculture hugely more productive and created new markets for
its products -- and, not incidentally, raised living standards
for all. In the same way, the high-tech revolution isn't
replacing basic manufacturing, it's creating new markets and, by
playing to America's greatest strengths -- entrepreneurship and
innovation -- it's making American industry more competitive
abroad.
-more-
3
I have spent this campaign trying to delineate as clearly as
I possibly can the profound cifferences between me and my
opponent. On no issue are our two approaches more profoundly
opposed, than on the question of how America must respond to this
historic transformation as WE enter the new information age in a
truly global economy. These next four to eight years are
crucial. To a great extent they will determine whether the
United States continues to lead the world through openness and
innovation -- or falls behind, retreating into isolation,
economic provincialism, and destructive policies that protect
special interests.
Let me take a moment to outline some of the principles and
proposals a Bush administration will adopt to make sure America
remains the world's high-tech leader.
The federal investment in research and development should
focus on basic research and allow the private sector also a
tremendous source of basic R&D -- to decide which technologies
will have the most potential in the marketplace. Centralized
planning leads only to centralized stagnation. Entrepreneurs,
not bureaucrats, are going to blaze America's trail to the
future.
Despite the extraordinary pressures on the budget, the
Reagan/Bush administration has increased basic research funding
by over 50 percent after adjusting for inflation. I will
continue our strong support of federal investments in basic
research, and I will make the Research and Development tax credit
permanent. At the same time. I will seek government R&D
authorizations for five years and appropriations for two years at
a time -- SO that researchers in our businesses and universities
have a more stable, consistent environment in which to plan.
Improved commercialization is also vital. I will enhance
the commercialization of new technologies by encouraging
cooperation between laboratories and business.
A Fush Administration will vigorously move to protect
intellectual property in the world marketplace and see that
American companies have just as much access to foreign research
projects as foreign companies have to ours.
I will upgrade the President's science advisor to Assistant
to the Fresident and make him an active member of the Economic
Policy Council and our national security planning processes. And
I will create a President's Council of Science and Technology
Advisors, composed of leading scientists, engineers and
distinguished executives from the private sector.
I will urge states and school boards to focus on science and
math education from elementary grades to graduate school. Today,
the United States awards about half the number of engineering
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4
degrees as Japan, per capita. It's estimated that by 1995, we
will need 300,000 additional secondary-school math and science
teachers.
I've said before that I will call a conference of the
nation's Governors to discuss the most urgent problems facing our
schools, including curricula and achievement levels. One:of our
tasks will be to set goals and timetables for improving Math and
Science Education -- and I will encourage states to adopt
Alternate Certification for Teachers, ACT, so that science and
technology professionals, among others, can share their crucial
knowledge with our nation's students.
Finally, the United States government shouldn't, through
misguided policies, put United States industry at a disadvantage.
We must realize that American industry faces global
competition. We need vigorous enforcement of our anti-trust laws
to ensure fair play, but when we consider the range of
competition, we must take into account that the marketplace has
expanded enormously and that American business is in a race with
foreign competitors. A Bush Administration will conduct a
thorough review of anti-competitive laws and regulations and work
with Congress to rewrite them as need be to give ourselves a
level playing field -- while still protecting the American
consumer.
Pernaps most important of all, a Bush Administration will
seek to cut the Capital Gains tax from 28 to 15 percent.
Let's learn from history -- there is nothing more crucial
than cutting the capital gains tax if we want to spur investment,
innovation and jobs.
My opponent says he wants American industry to be
competitive -- yet most of our major competitors don't even have
a capital gains tax. Japan coesn't have one. Neither do Hong
Kong, South Korea, Taiwan or Singapore. Perhaps my opponent can
explain why he wants to shackle America's entrepreneurs and
businesses with a tax many of our foreign competitors don't have
to contend with.
Does my opponent really want to put American business at a
disadvantage against its foreign competitors? He's the one that
would prevent American industry from competing on a level playing
field -- in fact, he's the one who would tip it in favor of our
foreign competition.
I have wondered if there is any rhyme or reason behind my
opponent's fierce opposition to the capital gains tax cut. Every
time we've cut it in the past, we've actually brought in more
revenue because of increased investment and economic activity.
That's history. That's fact. It's estimated that our cut would
have zero revenue loss. So its not the effect on the deficit.
-more-
5
I have come to the conclusion -- it is my belief -- that my
opponent's economic polices cannot be understood as a rational
approach to economic growth and the creation of jobs. He clings,
despite all the evidence of the last two decades, to the
discredited polices of high taxes and big government spending.
It is my belief that my opponent is far outside the
mainstream of economic thinking, and has broken with the American
traditions of entrepreneurship and free enterprise.
He advocates what is called an "industrial policy" -- which
means having bureaucrats in Washington pick the winners and the
losers, and that would simply make us all losers.
Perhaps twenty or thirty years ago, I understand some people
considered it reasonable tc believe such things. Today, it is
quite simply irrational. Those policies have been tried, and
they have failed. Dramaticaly. Across the Atlantic, the
stagnation and high unemployment caused by high taxation and
over-regulation was called the "European Disease." Here at
home, I seem to remember, when we were moving that direction last
time a tax-and-spend Governor was in the White House, we called
it "malaise."
Around the world, governments are abandoning socialism, in
all its various guises and degrees, and embracing the American
model of low taxation, entrepreneurship and individual
initiative. Now is not the time to throw America's gears full
speed in reverse back to the 1970s with policies that would
stymie the competitive transformation of American industry taking
place in America's heartland.
I spoke of irrationality. I must say that I've been
disturbed, as I've witnessed my opponent's campaign over the last
several weeks, at the increasing appeals to class conflict. In
my view, there is no place in American public life for
philosophies that divide Americans one from another and that
excite conflict among them.
America will move forward together, or not at all. America
will find her future by keeping with the traditions of her past
-- traditions of openness, generosity and cooperation. We will
move forward, not by succumbing to the base temptations of fear
and envy, but by following, as Abraham Lincoln said, those
"better Angels of our nature."
The world today is in the midst of a profound transformation
-- one so far-reaching in its consequences that past revolutions
-- political, economic or scientific -- will all be dwarfed by
comparison.
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6
Because this transformation encompasses all three. We are
entering the information age at a time of sweeping change in the
economic and political spheres, the decline of communism as an
economic philosophy, and the tide of democratic governments that
is changing the face of the world -- all based on the right of
the individual to be, in Milton Friedman's resounding phrase,
Free to Choose.
America is uniquely suited to lead this world revolution to
a new era of peace and prosperity. Founded in freedom, our
nation is imbued with the spirit of enterprise, the torch of
creativity that will light our way.
As !-1 said earlier, these next four to eight years will be
watershed years when we decice whether America goes forward as a
leader, or slips back into the past. I am dedicated to expanding
our economic freedom and unleashing the creativity of our
entrepreneurs that is revitalizing American industry. I believe
that America must lead the world in every field -- economic,
political and scientific, or we will fall behind in all.
I am proud to have worked with our great President and had
the experience of helping to create six years of record setting
economic growth, technological innovation and record setting
employment. I have an optimistic faith in America and the
limitless capabilities of its people who will carry those
policies on to the future.
Thank you all very much and God bless you.
# # # #
** TOTAL PAGE. 006 **
ALJ
MEMORANDUM
To:
Richard English
From: Brad Mitchell
Re:
Science and Technology Promises, Commitments
Establish the position of Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology in the Executive Office of the
President.
Reinvigorate the Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP).
Create a President's Council of Science and Technology
Advisors, composed of leading scientists, engineers and
distinguished executives from the private sector.
X
Proposed doubling the National Science Foundation's budget
over the next five years. Key priority will be increased
funding for retooling science and engineering labs at
colleges and universities.
X
Supports making all federal R&D authorizations for 5 years
and all federal R&D appropriations for 2 years.
X
Believes study of the sciences should be part of every
child's basic education.
Supports increased funding for magnet schools (many
emphasize science education).
Believes science education must continue to be key priority
for National Science Foundation.
A
Supports efforts of states to enhance math and science
education by developing alternative certification programs.
Will convene White House Conference on Education placing
special emphasis on math and science education. Will
discuss and define the goals of our math and science
curricula.
Supports making the R&D tax credit permanent.
Supports cutting capital gains tax rate from 28 percent to
15 percent on all assets held more than one year.
Encourages Partnerships for Progress - - partnerships between
business, universities, and government to advance base
building technologies.
Committed to protecting American intellectual property
rights both at home and abroad.
Committed to increasing our national investment in research
and development.
Committed to expanding exports.
x
Must streamline and strengthen export control system.
Will work with leaders of American high-tech industries to
develop a coherent and comprehensive high-tech trade policy.
X
Will work to provide consistent economic incentives and
regulatory reform to enhance the ability of American
business to commercialize new ideas and new technologies.
TOC LEADER DISTRIBUTION LIST
Marshall Breger
Lew Crampton
Reid Detchon
Carol Ford
Eric Garfinkel
Margaret Garikas
Patricia Kearney
Lynette Lenard
Antonio Lopez
Michael Marino
Shellyn McCaffrey
Brad Mitchell
Gretchen Pagel
Richard Porter
Rob Quartel
Mike Uhlmann
December 4, 1988
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
Campaign commitments:
O
Double National Science Foundation budget over five years.
()
Federal support will be concentrated on basic research.
C
Federal government should not attempt central planning for
American research.
0
Make the Research and Development tax credit permanent.
O
Cut capital gains tax rate to 15 percent.
C
Seek government R&D authorizations for five years and
appropriations for two years at 3 time.
C
Encourage cooperation between government, laboratories, and
business.
()
Protect intellectual property and see that American
companies have Just as much access to foreign research
projects as foreign companies nave to ours.
0
Reestablish the National Space Council, chaired by the Vice
President.
0
Support the Special Isotope Reactor at the Idano National
Engineering Laboratory.
()
Upgrade position of science advisor to the President and
make the new Assistant to the President a member of the
Economic Policy Council and the national security planning
process.
0
Establish a President's Council of Science and Technology
Advisors.
0
Support the "Mission = Planet Earth."
O
Develop and deploy SDI.
O
Improve math and science education.
0
Increase funding for AIDS research
0
Provide adequate funding for research into the causes C =
long-term chronic disability like Alzneimer's lisease and
strokes.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
(Questions for all science and technology appointments)
1.
Should the Federal government emphasize basic scientific
research in its funding of research?
2. How would you help resolve the tensions between scientists
who work on defense-related projects and scientists who do not?
Is there sufficient funding for both groups?
3. How, practically, can we build partnerships among government,
business, and universities?
4. Should certain Federal grantees be prohibited from publishing
the results of their research because of national security
concerns? How would you decide which areas should be classified?
How would you reconcile this with universities' belief in
academic freedom?
5. Should we adopt a policy of reciprocity against countries
that do not give American researchers the same access to their
labs that we give to foreign researchers?
6. How can we encourage more young people to consider careers in
science and engineering?
7. What steps can we take to ensure better quality in American
products?
THE WHITE HOUSE SCIENCE COUNCIL
Dr. Solomon J. Buchsbaum, Chairman
Executive Vice President
Customer Systems
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Holmdel, New Jersey
Dr. Edward A. Frieman, Vice Chairman
Director
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
La Jolla, California
Dr. Harold M. Agnew
GA Technologies, Inc.
San Diego, California
William G. Anlyan, M.D.
Chancellor
Duke University
Durham, North Carolina
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Henry Ford II Professor
Physics Department
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut
Dr. Edward E. David, Jr.
EED, Inc.
Bedminster, New Jersey
Dr. John M. Deutch
Provost
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Dr. William L. Fisher
Chairman, Department of Geological
Sciences
University of Texas
Austin, Texas
Donald S. Fredrickson, M.D.
DSF Associates, Inc.
Bethesda, Maryland
Dr. Ralph E. Gomory
Senior Vice President for
Science and Technology
IBM Corporation
Armonk, New York
Bernadine P. Healy, M.D.
Chairman of the Research Institute
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio
Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy
Assistant Secretary for External
Affairs
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Sanford N. McDonnell
Chairman Emeritus
McDonnell Douglas Corporation
St. Louis, Missouri
Mr. David Packard
Chairman of the Board
Hewlett-Packard Company
Palo Alto, California
Dr. Isadore M. Singer
Institute Professor
Department of Mathematics
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Dr. Edward Teller
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
University of California
Livermore, California
and
Hoover Institution on War,
Revolution and Peace
Stanford, California
Dr. Dean A. Watkins
Chairman and Director
Watkins-Johnson Company
Palo Alto, California
January 1989