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B031700 Science & Technology
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B031700 Science & Technology
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Records pertain to the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
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Records of the White House Office of Policy Development (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Emily Mead Subject Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: 2005-0336-F 2005-0336-F FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Policy Development, White House Office of Series: Mead, Emily, Files Subseries: OA/ID Number: 23383 Folder ID Number: 23383-003 Folder Title: B031700 Science & Technology Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 18 8 4 5 To: John 6, KAte m. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES CATEGORY B R&D Tax Credit - What is the revenue impact of this credit? - Who wins and who loses i.e. distributional effects? Assistant to the President for Science and Technology - What are the roles and responsibilities of the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology? - How would the Assistant for S&T interact with the DPC, EPC, NSC and the National Space Council? - Would the Assistant for S&T also be the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)? - How much will it cost to elevate the Science Advisor to Assistant to the President? - Will the Assistant to the President require additional staff? National Science Foundation - What type of basic research projects will be funded? Priorities? Examples? - Where is the money going to come from to fund large and small science projects? O Space Station - How much will the space station cost? - Why is the space station the next critical step? - What is the space station designed to accomplish? - How will the space station be configured? - How dependent is the construction of the space station on the space shuttle? George Bush. for GEORGE BUSH ON THE ISSUES SPACE EXPLORATION AND RESEARCH Those of you who know me know also of my strong support as a Congressman from Houston for the American space program. I know its needs, I know its real value. And I reject the notion which the Carter Administration seems to hold that we "squander" tax money on space research and exploration. Space funding is, in my view, a relatively low risk investment capital on which the nation will realize a high return. This administration lacks a real appreciation for the huge opportunities developing in the exploitation of space technologies, or any understanding of how these possibilities can stimulate many facets of the economy, give a real boost to industrial productivity in this country, and improve U.S. competitiveness in world markets. This country must not enter the 21st Century short of the tech- nological. tools to ensure its industrial, military and political leadership. Nevertheless, we face other serious problems as well, at home and abroad. The bottom line in our economy is that we have to balance the budget, now, to break the back of inflation. Expenditures on space exploration will, as in other areas, have to be balanced off against this requirement and against other critical needs -- such as a significant ($6-8 Billion) increase in defense spending. I know this nation can meet the many needs of its citizens in- cluding those I so strongly support in our space exploration program. We must continue to reach for the larger future these efforts represent. March 4, 1980 CQ House Votes 114 through 118. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll-Call Vote Nos. 222, 223, 224, 226, 229.) House Votes 12.5-Percent Social Security Payment Increase; Approves Veterans Benefit Bill; Passes NASA Appropriation 114. HR 12080. Social Security. Passage of the bill providing a Passed 340-0: R 151-0; D 189-0 (ND 112-0; SD 77-0), Aug. 21, 1967. 12.5-percent increase in Social Security benefits and revising the The President did not take a position on the bill. public welfare, medicaid and medicare programs. Passed 416-3: R 182-1; D 234-2 (ND 152-0; SD 82-2), Aug. 17, 1967. A "yea" was 117. HR 11565. Peanut Acreage Allotments. Passage, under sus- a vote supporting the President's position. pension of the rules, of the bill authorizing for two years the lease, 115. S16. Veterans' Pension and Readjustment Assistance Act sale and transfer of acreage allotments for peanuts among farms in of 1967. Adoption of the conference report authorizing increased any one county. (A two-thirds majority was necessary for passage.) benefits and pensions for veterans of earlier wars; wartime rates Rejected 208-146: R 101-58; D 107-88 (ND 32-87; SD 75-1), Aug. for compensation and pension benefits for Viet Nam veterans; and 21, 1967 (236 "yeas" were required for passage). The President increased educational assistance for veterans under the 1966 Cold did not take a position on the bill. War GI Bill, including a new program of allowances for on-the-job training. Adopted 404-0: R 180-0; D 224-0 (ND 142-0; SD 82-0), Aug. 17, 1967. A "yea" was a vote supporting the President's posi- 118. HR 12474. NASA Appropriations. Passage of the bill appro- priating $4,583,400,000 for the National Aeronautics and Space tion. Administration in fiscal 1968 in the following categories: research 116. HR 12257. Vocational Rehabilitation Amendments. Passage and development, $3,899,500,000; construction of facilities, $35,- of the bill authorizing grants to states for basic vocational rehabili- 900,000; and administrative operations, $648,000,000. Passed 312- tation services through fiscal 1970, establishing a National Center 92: R 112-65; D 200-27 (ND 130-13; SD 70-14), Aug. 22, 1967. A for Deaf-Blind Youths and extending services to migratory workers. "yea" was a vote supporting the President's position. BYAGA 115 116 117 118 115 116 117 118 116 117 118 - KEY - GEORGIA Y Record vote for (yea). ALABAMA Los Angeles Co. YYYNY 3 Brinkley NYYYY Paired for. 3 Andrews YYYYY 29 Brown YY Y ? Y 7 Davis YY Y /Y # Announced for or CQ poll for. 7 Bevill YYYYY 22 Corman YYYNY # # Y Y N N Record vote against (nay). 8 Jones YYYYY 21 Hawkins 6 Flynt 4 Nichols # # Y Y 19 Holifield YY - Y 1 Hagan YYYYN X Paired against. 5 Selden YYYYY 17 King YYYNY 9 Landrum Y?YVY - Announced against or CQ poll YYYYY against. 26 Rees YYYNY 2 O'Neal 6 Buchanan Y Y ? Y ? Absent, general pair, "present" or 2 Dickinson 30 Roybal YYYNY 10 Stephens YY ¥ /Y did not announce or answer poll. YYYYN 1 Edwards YY Y / N 31 Wilson YYYNY 8 Stuckey YY ¥ /Y 28 Bell YYYNY 4 Blackburn YY Y YN ALASKA AL Pollock 23 Clawson YYYYY 5 Thompson YYYYN YYY/N ARIZONA 32 Hosmer YYYNY HAWAII 211 BYAGA 911 YYYYN 24 Lipscomb YYYYY AL Matsunaga YYYYY 2 Udall 27 Reinecke YYYYY AL Mink YYYN 1 Rhodes YYYYY INDIANA 3 Steiger YYYYN 20 Smith YYYNY IDAHO 3 Brademas YYYNY 25 Wiggins YYYYY 2 Hansen YY $ YY ARKANSAS 9 Hamilton YYYYY 1 McClure YYYYN 1 Gathings YYYYN COLORADO 11 Jacobs YYYNY 2 Mills 4 Aspinall YYYYY ILLINOIS YYYYN YY?YY 1 Madden YYYNY 4 Pryor YYYYY 3 Evans YYYYN 21 Gray YYYNY 5 Roush YYYYY 1 Rogers YYYYY 24 Price 3 Hammerschmidt YYYYN 4 Adair YYYNY 23 Shipley YY??Y CALIFORNIA 2 Brotzman YYYNY 6 Bray YYYNY YYYNY CONNECTICUT 16 Anderson 2 Halleck 5 Burton YYYNY 1 Daddario YYYNY 17 Arends YYYYY YYYNY 7 Cohelan 7 Myers YYYYN YY X X # 14 Erlenborn YYYNY 9 Edwards YYYNY 3 Giaimo 10 Roudebush YY - - # Y $ Y N Y 4 Irwin Y # # - Y 20 Findley YYYNN 34 Hanna 8 Zion YYYYY YYYYY 5 Monagan YYYNY 12 McClory YYYN- 2 Johnson Y Y # X Y 18 Michel YYI-N IOWA 4 Leggett YYYNY 2 St. Onge YYYYN 2 Culver YYYNY 15 McFall YYYYY 6 Meskill YYYNY 19 Railsback YYYYN 5 Smith YY??? YYYYY DELAWARE 15 Reid YYYYY 3 Gross YYYYN 8 Miller YYYNY AL Roth YYYNN 22 Springer 3 Moss 4 Kyl YYYYN 16 Sisk YYYYY FLORIDA Chicago-Cook Co. YYYNY 6 Mayne YYYYN YYYNY 3 Bennett NYYNY 7 Annunzio 7 Scherle YYYYN 38 Tunney YYYYY 1 Dawson YYYNY 37 Van Deerlin YYYNY 12 Fascell YY?NY 1 Schwengel YYYYY 14 Waldie YYYNY 2 Fuqua YYYYY 5 Kluczynski 6 Gibbons 3 Murphy YYYNY KANSAS YY # ? ? YY?VY 1 Dole YYYYN 1 Clausen 7 Haley YYYYN 2 Hara YYYNY 10 Gubser YY # -Y 2 Mize YYYYY 6 Mailliard YYYYY 4 Herlong # # Y Y # 11 Pucinski YY??? YY - Y 4 Shriver YYYYY YYYYY 6 Ronan 18 Mathias YYYYY 11 Pepper 5 Skubitz YYYYN YYYYY 9 Rogers YYYYY 8 Rostenkowski * * * Y 33 Pettis 3 Winn YYYYY YYYYY 1 Sikes YYYYY 9 Yates YYYNY 12 Talcott- YYYYY 10 Burke YYYYN 10 Collier YY NN KENTUCKY 13 Teague 2 Natcher YYYYY 8 Cramer YYYY 4 Derwinski YYYYY 35 Utt NYYNN 7 Perkins YYYYY Y Y # Y 5 Gurney YYYYY 13 Rumsfeld # # Y N Y 36 Wilson 1 Stubblefield YYYY 11 Vacancy Democrats in this type; Republicans in italics 54-H -- 1967 CQ ALMANAC CQ House Votes 114 through 118. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll-Call Vote Nos. 222, 223, 224, 226, 229.) BYAGA BURGA BURGA 116 117 116 117 117 6 Watts YYYYY 2 Curtis YY Y / N 11 Taylor YYYYN 1 Rivers YYYYY 5 Carter YYYYN 7 Hall YYYYY 10 Whitener YYYYY 2 Watson YYYYN 3 Cowger YYYYY MONTANA 9 Broyhill YYYYY SOUTH DAKOTA 4 Snyder YYYYY 1 Olsen YYYNY 4 Gardner YYYYY 2 Berry YYYYN LOUISIANA 2 Battin YYYNY 8 Jonas YYYYY 1 Reifel YYYYN 2 Boggs YYYYY NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE 7 Edwards YYYYY 2 Cunningham YYYYN 1 Andrews YY NY 6 Anderson YYY/Y 1 Hebert YYYYY 1 Denney YYYYN 2 Kleppe YYYYY 7 Blanton YYYYN 8 Long # # # / # 3 Martin YYYYY OHIO 8 Everett # # Y Y # # Y Y 9 Ashley Y?YNN 4 Evins YYYYY 5 Passman NEVADA 6 Rarick Y Y # Y AL Baring YYYYY 20 Feighan YYYYY 5 Fulton YYYYY 4 Waggonner Y Y # Y Y NEW HAMPSHIRE 18 Hays YYYNY 3 Brock # # # N 3 Willis Y # # V # 2 Cleveland YYYNN 19 Kirwan Y $ Y N Y 2 Duncan YYYYN 1 Wyman YYYNY 21 Vanik YYYNY 9 Kuykendall YYYYY MAINE YYYYY NEW JERSEY 17 Ashbrook YYYYN 2 Hathaway 1 Quillen Y $ Y Y #YYNY 1 Kyros YYYYY 14 Daniels YYYNY 14 Ayres TEXAS MARYLAND 13 Gallagher ???NY 8 Betts YYYYN 9 Brooks YYYYY 4 Fallon YY?VY 9 Helstoski YYYNY 22 Bolton YYYYY 17 Burleson YYYYY 7 Friedel YYYNY 3 Howard YY - Y 16 Bow Y Y ? ? 5 Cabell YYYYY 3 Garmatz YYYYY 8 Joelson YYYNN 7 Brown YYYNN 22 Casey YYYYY 2 Clancy 15 de la Garza YYYYN 2 Long YYYYY 11 Minish YY NY YYYYY 5 Machen YYYYY 15 Patten YYYYY 12 Devine YYYNN 2 Dowdy YYYYY 8 Gude YYYYY 10 Rodino YY?X? 6 Harsha Y Y ? ? N 8 Eckhardt YYYYY 6 Mathias YYYYY 4 YYY-- 5 Latta YYYNN 21 Fisher Y Y $ Y Y -1 Morton YYYYY 6 Cahill YYYNY 24 Lukens YY # #Y 20 Gonzalez YYYYY 4 McCulloch 23 Kazen YYYYY MASSACHUSETTS 12 Dwyer YY Y XN Y Y ? ? Y 2 Boland Y Y I N Y 5 Frelinghuysen YY Y YY 10 Miller YYYNN 19 Mahon YYYYY 11 Burke YYYNY 1 Hunt YYYYY 23 Minshall YYYYY 1 Patman YYYY? 4 Donohue YY??Y 2 Sandman YY Y YY 13 Mosher YYYNY 10 Pickle YYYYY 7 Macdonald Y Y ? ? Y 7 Widnall YYYNY 11 Stanton Y # Y N Y 11 Poage YYYYY 1 Taft YYYNY 3 Pool YYYYY 9 McCormack NEW MEXICO 8 O'Neill YY Y XY AL Morris YY Y / Y 3 Whalen YYYNY 13 Purcell YYYYY 3 Philbin Y Y # Y AL Walker Y # # / Y 15 Wylie YYYNY 4 Roberts YYYYY 6 Bates YYYNY NEW YORK OKLAHOMA 6 Teague YY?VY 1 Conte YYYYY 27 Dow YYYYY 3 Albert YYYYY 16 White YYYYY 10 Heckler YYYNY 41 Dulski YYYYY 2 Edmondson YYYYY 12 Wright YYYYY 12 Keith Y + Y N Y 34 Hanley YYYNY 5 Jarman YYYYY 14 Young YYYYY 5 Morse Y Y I N Y 39 McCarthy YY - Y 4 Steed YYYYY 7 Bush YYYYY MICHIGAN 25 Ottinger YYINN 1 Belcher YYYYY 18 Price YYYYY 12 O' Hara YYYNY 1 Pike YYYNY 6 Smith YYYYY UTAH 18 Broomfield YYYYY 28 Resnick YY # - Y OREGON 1 Burton YYYYY 3 Brown YYYNN 35 Stratton YYYNY 3 Green YYYNN 2 Lloyd YYYNY 10 Cederberg YYYYY 5 Tenzer 2 Ullman YY - N VERMONT 6 Chamberlain YYYYY 3 Wolff YYYNY 4 Dellenback YYYNN AL Stafford YYYNY 2 Esch YYYNY 29 Button YY Y - Y 1 Wyatt YYYYN VIRGINIA 5 Ford Y Y # Y 37 Conable YYYNY PENNSYLVANIA 4 Abbitt YYYYN YYYYY 38 Goodell YY 25 Clark Y + Y N Y 1 Downing YYYYY 8 Harvey 4 Hutchinson YYYYN 2 Grover YY # - Y 21 Dent YY NY 2 Hardy YYYYY 19 McDonald YYYYN 36 Horton YYYXY 11 Flood YYYYY 7 Marsh YYYYY 7 Riegle YY * XN 20 Holland YYYYY 30 King 3 Satterfield YY Y /Y Y $ Y Y 31 McEwen YY??? 14 Moorhead YYYNY 5 Tuck YYYYY 11 Ruppe 9 Vander Jagt YYYNY 32 Pirnie Y Y # Y 26 Morgan YYYNY 10 Broyhill YYYYY 26 Reid YYYNY 6 Rhodes YYYNY 6 Poff YYYYN Detroit-Wayne Co. 1 Conyers 33 Robison YY - Y 15 Rooney YYYNY YY??N 8 Scott YYYYY 13 Diggs # Y # # 40 Smith YYYNY 24 Vigorito YYYYY 9 Wampler YYYYY 16 Dingell YYYNY 4 Wydler YY - Y 8 Biester YYYYY WASHINGTON 15 Ford YYYNY New York City 18 Corbett YYYY? 7 Adams YYYNY 16 Eshleman YYYNY 17 Griffiths YYYNY 7 Addabbo YY # X # 5 Foley YYYYN 14 Nedzi YYYNY 23 Bingham Y # # ? Y 27 Fulton YYYNY 3 Hansen YYY?? MINNESOTA 11 Brasco YYYNY 19 Goodling YYYNN 6 Hicks YYYNY 8 Blatnik Y?YNY YYYNY 23 Johnson YYYYY 15 Carey 2 Meeds YYYNY 5 Fraser YYYNY 10 Celler Y???Y 10 McDade YYYNY 4 May YYYYY 4 Karth 9 Delaney YY * XY 22 Saylor Y Y # # 1 Pelly YYYYY 7 Langen YYYNN 19 Farbstein YYYNY 17 Schneebeli YYYNN WEST VIRGINIA 3 MacGregor YYYNY 22 Gilbert YYYNY 13 Schweiker YYYNY 4 Hechler YYYNY 2 Nelsen YYYYN 12 Kelly YYYNY 9 Watkins YY??N 5 Kee YYYYY 1 Quie YYYNY 13 Multer YYYNY 12 Whalley YYYNY 3 Slack Y?YYY YYYYN Y Y # # 7 Williams YYYYY 2 Staggers YYYYY 6 Zwach 16 Murphy MISSISSIPPI 18 Vacancy Philadelphia City 1 Moore YYYYN 1 Abernethy YYYYN 14 Rooney YY Y X Y 1 Barrett YY?XY WISCONSIN 5 Colmer YYYYY 8 Rosenthal YYYNY 3 Byrne YYYNY 2 Kastenmeier Y Y ? ? Y 4 Montgomery YYYYN YYYNY 4 Eilberg YYYNY 5 Reuss YYYNN 20 Ryan 2 Whitten YYYYY 21 Scheuer 5 Green YYYN? 4 Zablocki YYYNY Y $ Y N Y 3 Williams ??? ? 24 Fino YY - Y 2 Nix 8 Byrnes YYYYN MISSOURI 6 Halpern YYYN# RHODE ISLAND 9 Davis YYYNY 5 Bolling YYYNY 17 Kupferman YYYNN 1 St. Germain YYYNY 7 Laird YYYYN 6 Hull YYYYY 2 Tiernan YYYNY 10 Konski YYYYN NORTH CAROLINA 9 Hungate 2 Fountain YYYYY SOUTH CAROLINA 1 Schadeberg YYYYN 8 Ichord YYYNN 5 Galifianakis YYYYY 4 Ashmore YYYYY 6 Steiger YYYNN 10 Jones YYYYN 3 Henderson YYYYN 3 Dorn YYYYY 3 Thomson YYYYN 1 Karsten YYYYY 1 Jones YY # / N 5 Gettys WYOMING 4 Randall YYYNN 6 Kornegay YYYYY 6 McMillan YYYYY AL Harrison YYYYN 3 Sullivan YYYNY 7 Lennon YYYYN Democrats in this type; Republicans in italics 1967 CQ ALMANAC - 55-H CQ House Votes 58 through 61. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll Call Vote Nos. 113, 115, 116, 117.) House Votes $2.5 Billion Vocational Rehabilitation Bill; Authorizes Space Funds; Votes Bank Protection Measure 58. HR 15856. NASA Authorization. Passage of the bill of HR 13016-is required for passage under suspension proce- authorizing appropriations of $4,031,423,000 for the National dures.) The President did not take a position on the bill. Aeronautics and Space Administration in fiscal 1969 in the 60. HR 15345. Bank Protection Act. Passage of the bill to following categories: research and development, $3,383,250,000; construction of facilities, $45 million; administrative operations, require federal regulatory agencies to set standards for banking institutions security devices and procedures to discourage rob- $603,173,000. Passed 262-106: R 115-52; D 147-54 (ND 90-44; SD beries. Passed 235-98: R 75-71; D 160-27 (ND 114-5; SD 46-22), 57-10), May 2, 1968. The President did not take a position on the May 6, 1968. A "yea" was a vote supporting the President's bill. position. 59. HR 13016. Judicial Employees Cost of Living Allow- 61. HR 16819. Vocational Rehabilitation. Passage of the ances. Passage of the bill, under suspension of the rules, to give bill amending the Vocational Rehabilitation Act to provide new 84 judicial employees outside the continental United States and authorizations through fiscal year 1972 totaling $2,459,200,000, in Alaska a cost of living allowance to compensate for higher and to extend aid under a new section to disadvantaged as well living expenses in locations such as Alaska. Hawaii, Puerto Rico as disabled individuals. Passed 335-0: R 152-0; D 183-0 (ND and Guam. The cost of the bill was estimated at $30,000 annu- 117-0; SD 66-0), May 6, 1968. A "yea" was a vote supporting the ally. Defeated 206-132: R 69-82; D 137-50 (ND 111-9; SD 26-41), President's position. May 6, 1968. (A two-thirds majority-226 votes in favor in case - KEY - Y Record vote for (yea). GEORGIA Paired for. ALABAMA Los Angeles Co. 3 Brinkley YYNY $ Announced for or CQ poll for. ?X?? 29 Brown 3 Andrews # ? # 7 Davis Y - # N Record vote against (nay). 7 Bevill YNY 22 Corman 21 Hawkins NYYY 6 Aynt -NNY 8 Jones YY?? X Paired against. YYYY 1 Hagan ?X?? # : # 19 Holifield - Announced against or CQ poll 4 Nichols ? Y Y 9 Landrum ? Y Y 5 Selden ???-? 17 King YYYY 2 O'Neal NNYY against. 6 Buchanan YNYY 26 Rees 30 Roybal 10 Stephens YX # # ? Absent, general pair, "present" or NYYY YNNY did not announce or answer poll. 2 Dickinson YYYY 8 Stuckey YNNY 1 Edwards YX 31 Wilson YYYY 4 Blackburn YX Y 28 Bell ALASKA AL Pollock Y # 23 Clawson YNYY 5 Thompson YNNY 32 Hosmer YYYY HAWAII ARIZONA 2 Udall 24 Lipscomb YNYY AL Matsunaga Y / # YYYY 27 Reinecke YN $ Y AL Mink NYYY INDIANA 1 Rhodes YYNY YNYY IDAHO 3 Brademas N / Y Y 3 Steiger NNNY 20 Smith 25 Wiggins YYNY 2 Hansen Y??? 9 Hamilton YYYY ARKANSAS 1 McClure YYNY 11 Jacobs # # # 1 Gathings NNYY COLORADO 4 Aspinall +YYY ILLINOIS 1 Madden Y ? 2 Mills NNYY 3 Evans NYYY 21 Gray YYYY 5 Roush Y # # 4 Pryor NYY YYYY 24 Price YYYY 4 Adair ???? 3 Hammerschmidt NNYY 1 Rogers 2 Brotzman YYYY 23 Shipley YNYY 6 Bray # - # CALIFORNIA CONNECTICUT 16 Anderson YYYY 2 Halleck Y??? 5 Burton YYYY 1 Daddario 17 Arends YYYY NNNY YYYY 7 Myers 7 Cohelan YYYY 3 Giaimo YYYY 14 Erlenborn NYY 10 Roudebush YX 9 Edwards #YY# YYYY 20 Findley NNYY YNNY 4 Irwin 8 Zion 34 Hanna YYYY 5 Monagan YYYY 12 McClory YYNY IOWA 2 Johnson YYYY 2 St. Onge 18 Michel NNNY YYYY YYYY 2 Culver YYYY YYYY 4 Leggett 6 Meskill YYNY 19 Railsback NYNY 5 Smith 15 McFall YYYY 15 Reid NNNY 3 Gross NNNY 8 Miller Y # DELAWARE AL Roth NYYY 22 Springer Y - # 4 Kyl NYNY 3 Moss YYYY FLORIDA Chicago-Cook Co. 6 Mayne NYNY 16 Sisk Y / Y Y YYYY 7 Annunzio YYYY Y??! 3 Bennett 7 Scherle NNNY 38 Tunney 12 Fascell YYYY 1 Dawson ? ? 1 Schwengel #YYY 37 Van Deerlin YYYY YYYY 5 Kluczynski YYYY KANSAS 14 Waldie YYNY 2 Fuqua ???? 3 Murphy YYYY 1 Dole YNYY YNYY 6 Gibbons 1 Clausen 7 Haley Y??? 2 O'Hara YYYY 2 Mize YYNY 10 Gubser YYYY NYY 11 Pucinski YNYY 4 Shriver ? Y N Y 11 McCloskey Y # # 4 Herlong Y + 6 Ronan YYYY 5 Skubitz NNNY 6 Mailliard Y $ Y Y 11 Pepper 8 Rostenkowski YYYY 3 Winn YNNY 18 Mathias * x # 9 Rogers Y # # 1 Sikes NYY 9 Yates NYYY KENTUCKY 33 Pettis YNYY Y - # 10 Collier NX# 2 Natcher NYYY 12 Talcott YNYY 10 Burke YYYY 4 Derwinski NX # 7 Perkins YYYY 13 Teague YNNY 8 Cramer Y - # 13 Rumsfeld YNNY 1 Stubblefield N??? 35 Utt NNYY 5 Gurney 36 Wilson - YN $ Y Democrats in this type; Republicans in italics 30-H - 1968 CQ ALMANAC CQ House Votes 58 through 61. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll Call Vote Nos. 113, 115, 116, 117.) 59 60 - 6 Watts NYYY 2 Curtis NNNY 11 Taylor YNYY 1 Rivers Y # 5 Carter NYYY 7 Hall NNNY 10 Whitener NYNY 2 Watson YNNY 3 Cowger NNY MONTANA 9 Broyhill YYYY SOUTH DAKOTA 4 Snyder NNNY I Olsen Y # 4 Gardner # - - # 2 Berry YNNY LOUISIANA 2 Battin YYNY 8 Jonas YNNY 1 Reifel YNNY 2 Boggs YYYY NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE 7 Edwards YYY 2 Cunningham **** 1 Andrews YNNY 6 Anderson YN # Y 1 Hebert YNNY 1 Denney YYYY 2 Kleppe YNNY 7 Blanton YYYY 8 Long NNY 3 Martin ?X?? OHIO 8 Everett NNNY 5 Passman YNNY NEVADA 9 Ashley N # 4 Evins ?N*Y 6 Rarick YNNY AL Baring # + N Y 20 Feighan ? ? 5 Fulton NYYY 4 Waggonner YNNY NEW HAMPSHIRE 18 Hays + Y Y 3 Brock Y??? 3 Willis ???? 2 Cleveland YNYY 19 Kirwan Y # 2 Duncan NYYY MAINE 1 Wyman YYNY 21 Vanik YYYY 9 Kuykendall Y - - # 2 Hathaway YYYY NEW JERSEY 17 Ashbrook NNNY 1 Quillen NN*Y 1 Kyros NYYY 14 Daniels YYYY 14 Ayres Y Y # TEXAS MARYLAND 13 Gallagher YYYY 8 Betts NYYY 9 Brooks YYYY 4 Fallon YYYY 9 Helstoski NYYY 22 Bolton ? Y Y Y 17 Burleson YNYY 7 Friedel #YYY 3 Howard NY Y 16 Bow YNYY 5 Cabell YNYY 3 Garmatz YYYY 8 Joelson NYYY 7 Brown -??? 22 Casey Y ? # # 2 Long NYYY 11 Minish NYYY 2 Clancy NYNY 15 de la Garza YYYY 5 Machen YYYY 15 Patten YYYY 12 Devine NNNY 2 Dowdy ??Y? 8 Gude YYYY 10 Rodino NYYY 6 Harsha NYNY 8 Eckhardt Y??? 6 Mathias Y ? # 4 Thompson NYYY 5 Latta NNYY 21 Fisher 1 Morton Y # # # NX- # 6 Cahill YYNY 24 Lukens Y # # # 20 Gonzalez YYYY MASSACHUSETTS 12 Dwyer NYYY 4 McCulloch YYYY 23 Kazen Y??? 2 Boland YYYY 5 Frelinghuysen Y # 10 Miller NNNY 19 Mahon YNYY 11 Burke YYYY 1 Hunt YNNY 23 Minshall YN# 1 Patman YNYY 4 Donohue YYYY 2 Sandman NNYY 13 Mosher YYNY 10 Pickle YYYY 7 Macdonald N ? 7 Widnall YYYY 11 Stanton YYYY 11 Poage YNNY 9 McCormack NEW MEXICO 1 Taft NNNY 3 Pool YNNY 8 O'Neill VYYY AL Morris YYYY 3 Whalen NYYY 13 Purcell YNNY 3 Philbin YYYY AL Walker FYNY 15 Wylie YYYY 4 Roberts 6 Bates YNYY YYYY NEW YORK OKLAHOMA 6 Teague 1 Conte Y?YY YNNY 27 Dow Y Y ? Y 3 Albert YYYY 16 White 10 Heckler YYYY YNYY 41 Dulski YYYY 2 Edmondson YYYY - 12 Wright 12 Keith ? Y Y YNYY 34 Hanley YYYY 5 Jarman YNYY 14 Young ? Y Y Y 5 Morse YYNY 39 McCarthy NNYY 4 Steed YN + Y 7 Bush YNYY MICHIGAN 25 Ottinger NNYY 1 Belcher YYNY 18 Price 12 O'Hara Y Y ? YNNY 1 Pike YNYY 6 Smith YYYY UTAH 18 Broomfield YYYY 28 Resnick OREGON 1 Burton #NYY 3 Brown NNYY 35 Stratton YYYY 3 Green N - # # 2 Lloyd YNYY 10 Cederberg YNNY 5 Tenzer NYYY 2 Ullman NY Y VERMONT 6 Chamberlain NNY 3 Wolff YYYY 4 Dellenback N??? AL Stafford YYYY 2 Esch Y - # # 29 Button NX Y 1 Wyatt N # # # VIRGINIA 5 Ford YNYY 37 Conable YYYY PENNSYLVANIA 4 Abbitt YNNY 8 Harvey YYYY 38 Goodell YN# 25 Clark YNYY 1 Downing 4 Hutchinson YYNY NYNY 2 Grover YNNY 21 Dent +YYY 2 Hardy 19 McDonald NYYY YYN # 36 Horton NYYY 11 Flood YYYY 7 Marsh 7 Riegle YNNY NNYY 30 King NNNY 20 Holland + v # 3 Satterfield YNNY 11 Ruppe YNNY 31 McEwen NNYY 14 Moorhead YYYY 5 Tuck 9 Vander Jagt YNNY YNNY 32 Pirnie Y # # 26 Morgan YYYY 10 Broyhill Detroit-Wayne Co. YYNY 26 Reid YYYY 6 Rhodes NYYY 6 Poff 1 Conyers NYNY N / ? 33 Robison YNYY 15 Rooney YYYY 8 Scott 13 Diggs YNYY N / # 40 Smith YYNY 24 Vigorito Y # # 9 Wampler 16 Dingell YNNY YYY? 4 Wydler YNYY 8 Biester YYYY WASHINGTON 15 Ford NYYY New York City 18 Corbett YYYY 7 Adams YYYY 17 Griffiths YYY? 7 Addabbo YYYY 16 Eshleman YNYY NNYY 14 Nedzi 5 Foley NYYY 23 Bingham NYYY 27 Fulton ? Y Y Y 3 Hansen Y / Y MINNESOTA 11 Brasco N / # 19 Goodling YNNY 6 Hicks NYNY 8 Blatnik YYYY 15 Carey N / ? 23 Johnson YYYY 2 Meeds YYYY 5 Fraser NYYY 10 Celler ? Y ? ? 10 McDade YYYY 4 May YNYY 4 Karth YYYY 9 Delaney YYYY 22 Saylor NNYY I Pelly YY * Y * 7 Langen NNNY 19 Farbstein N I 17 Schneebeli NYYY WEST VIRGINIA 3 MacGregor YYNY 22 Gilbert ? Y Y 13 Schweiker YYYY 4 Hechler YYYY 2 Nelsen # . . # 12 Kelly Y V # 9 Watkins 1 Quie NNNY 5 Kee NYYY YYYY 13 Podell N / $ 12 Whalley YNYY 3 Slack N?Y? 6 Zwach YNNY 16 Murphy YYYY 7 Williams YNYY 2 Staggers YYYY MISSISSIPPI 18 Vacancy Philadelphia City 1 Moore * * * * 1 Abernethy YXNY 14 Rooney YYYY 1 Barrett Y / ? WISCONSIN 5 Colmer ?NYY 8 Rosenthal NYYY 3 Byrne YYYY 2 Kastenmeier NYYY 4 Montgomery NNY 20 Ryan YYYY 4 Eilberg 2 Whitten YYYY 5 Reuss Y V # YNNY 21 Scheuer NYYY 5 Green Y V ? 4 Zablocki YYYY 3 Griffin YNYY 24 Fino * x # 2 Nix 8 Byrnes MISSOURI NYYY YYNY 6 Halpern ? V Y RHODE ISLAND 5 Bolling Y # # 9 Davis NNNY 17 Kupferman ?YYY 1 St. Germain YNYY 7 Laird 6 Hull N - # YNNY NORTH CAROLINA 2 Tiernan 9 Hungate XYYY YYYY 10 Konski N ? 2 Fountain YNYY SOUTH CAROLINA 8 Ichord 1 Schadeberg NYYY YYNY 5 Galifianakis ??YY 4 Ashmore 10 Jones - X # # 6 Steiger NNN # NYNY 3 Henderson NNYY 3 Dorn 1 Jones ?NYY 3 Thomson 1 Karsten ?YY? YYNY X-YY 4 Randall 5 Gettys NYYY YNYY WYOMING 6 Kornegay YYY ? 6 McMillan 3 Sullivan YYYY 7 Lennon ???? AL Harrison YNNY NNYY *Reps. Evins, Pelly and Quillen did not vote because of possible conflicts of interest. 1968 CQ ALMANAC - 31-H CQ House Votes 36 through 37. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll Call Vote Nos. 78, 80.) House Approves NASA Authorization of $3.9 Billion; Votes to Bar Future Resurrection Cities in Capital 36. HR 11271. NASA Authorization. Passage of the bill au- thorizing appropriations of $3,966,377,000 for the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration in fiscal 1970. Passed 330-52; R 143-28; D 187-24 (ND 111-22; SD 76-2), June 10, 1969. The President did not take a position on the bill. 37. HR 1035. Passage of the bill prohibiting camping, sit-ins, overnight use or construction of temporary structures on public property in the District of Columbia. Passed 327-51: R 166- 6; D 161-45 (ND 85-44; SD 76-1), June 11, 1969. The President did not take a position on the bill. 37 36 37 3 37 - KEY - ALABAMA Los Angeles Co. GEORGIA Y Record vote for (yea). 3 Andrews Y Y 17 Anderson Paired for. Y Y 3 Brinkley Y Y 7 Bevill Y Y 29 Brown Y N 7 Davis Y Y # Announced for or CQ poll for. 5 Flowers Y Y 22 Corman Y N 6 Flynt Y Y N Record vote against (nay). 8 Jones Y Y 21 Hawkins Y N 1 Hagan Y Y X Paired against. 4 Nichols Y Y 19 Holifield ?- Y 9 Landrum Y Y Announced against or CQ poll 6 Buchanan Y Y 26 Rees Y N 2 O'Neal Y Y against. 2 Dickinson Y Y 30 Roybal Y N 10 Stephens Y Y ? Absent, general pair, "present" or 1 Edwards Y Y 31 Wilson * + 8 Stuckey ? ? did not announce or answer poll. ALASKA 28 Bell Y Y 4 Blackburn Y Y AL Pollock Y Y 23 Clawson Y Y 5 Thompson Y Y ARIZONA 27 Goldwater ? ? HAWAII 6 7 2 Udall # Y 32 Hosmer Y Y AL Matsunaga + 3 3 1 Rhodes Y Y 24 Lipscomb Y Y AL Mink Y N INDIANA 3 Steiger N Y 20 Smith Y Y IDAHO 3 Brademas Y Y ARKANSAS 25 Wiggins Y Y 2 Hansen, O. Y Y 9 Hamilton Y Y 1 Alexander Y Y COLORADO 1 McClure Y Y 11 Jacobs Y Y 2 Mills ? ? 4 Aspinall Y Y ILLINOIS 1 Madden Y Y 4 Pryor Y f 3 Evans Y Y 21 Gray Y Y 4 Adair 3 Hammerschmidt Y Y Y Y 1 Rogers Y Y 24 Price Y Y 6 Bray Y Y CALIFORNIA 2 Brotzman Y Y 23 Shipley Y Y 10 Dennis Y Y 5 Burton Y N CONNECTICUT 16 Anderson Y Y 7 Cohelan 2 Landgrebe N Y Y N 1 Daddario Y N 17 Arends Y Y 9 Edwards 7 Myers N Y + X 3 Giaimo Y + 14 Erlenborn Y Y 5 Roudebush 34 Hanna Y Y Y Y 5 Monagan Y Y 20 Findley Y Y 8 Zion Y Y 2 Johnson Y Y 2 St. Onge Y N 12 McClory Y Y IOWA 4 Leggett # # 6 Meskill Y Y 18 Michel Y Y 2 Culver 15 McFall Y N Y Y 4 Weicker Y Y 19 Railsback NY 5 Smith 8 Miller Y Y Y Y DELAWARE 15 Reid Y Y 3 Gross 3 Moss N Y Y Y AL Roth Y Y 22 Springer + + 16 Sisk 4 Kyl N Y Y Y FLORIDA Chicago-Cook Co. 38 Tunney 6 Mayne Y Y ? ? 3 Bennett Y Y 7 Annunzio Y Y 37 Van Deerlin 7 Scherle N Y Y Y 4 Chappell Y 1 Dawson ? X 14 Waldie 1 Schwengel Y Y Y Y 12 Fascell Y Y 5 Kluczynski Y Y 1 Clausen KANSAS Y Y 2 Fuqua Y Y 2 Mikva NN 2 Mize 10 Gubser Y Y Y Y 6 Gibbons Y + 3 Murphy Y Y 11 McCloskey 1 Sebelius Y Y ? Y 7 Haley Y Y 11 Pucinski Y Y 6 Mailliard 4 Shriver Y Y Y Y 11 Pepper Y Y 6 Ronan ? 18 Mathias 5 Skubitz N Y Y Y 9 Rogers Y Y 8 Rostenkowski Y Y 33 Pettis 3 Winn 1 Sikes Y Y Y Y Y Y 9 Yates Y N 12 Talcott KENTUCKY Y Y 10 Burke Y Y 10 Collier N f 13 Teague 2 Natcher 8 Cramer Y Y Y Y Y Y 4 Derwinski Y Y 35 Utt 7 Perkins 5 Frey Y Y Y Y Y Y 13 Vacancy 36 Wilson 1 Stubblefield Y Y Y Y Democrats in this type; Republicans in italics 22-H-1969 CQ ALMANAC CQ House Votes 36 through 37. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll Call Vote Nos. 78, 80.) 36 37 7 3 3 3 36 37 3 6 Watts Y Y 2 Symington Y Y 11 Taylor Y Y 1 Rivers YY 5 Carter Y Y 7 Hall N Y 10 Broyhill Y Y 2 Watson Y Y 3 Cowger Y Y MONTANA 9 Jonas Y Y SOUTH DAKOTA 4 Snyder Y Y 1 Olsen Y N 5 Mizell Y Y 2 Berry Y Y LOUISIANA 2 Vacancy 8 Ruth Y Y 1 Reifel Y Y 2 Boggs Y Y NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE f # Y Y 2 Cunningham # f 1 Andrews Y Y 3 Caffery 6 Anderson 7 Edwards Y Y 1 Denney Y Y 2 Kleppe Y Y 7 Blanton Y Y 1 Hebert 3 Martin Y Y 4 Evins Y Y OHIO 8 Long Y Y NEVADA 9 Ashley Y N 5 Fulton Y Y 5 Passman Y Y AL Baring Y Y 20 Feighan ? Y 8 Jones Y Y Y Y NEW HAMPSHIRE 18 Hays Y + 3 Brock Y Y 6 Rarick Y Y 2 Cleveland Y Y 19 Kirwan ? 4 Waggonner 2 Duncan Y Y 1 Wyman Y Y 21 Stokes N N 9 Kuykendall + + MAINE 2 Hathaway Y N NEW JERSEY 22 Vanik Y Y 1 Quillen Y Y Y Y + + 1 Kyros ? ? 14 Daniels 17 Ashbrook TEXAS MARYLAND 13 Gallagher Y Y 14 Ayres + + 9 Brooks ? Y 4 Fallon Y Y 9 Helstoski Y Y 8 Betts N Y 17 Burleson Y Y 7 Friedel Y Y 3 Howard Y Y 16 Bow Y Y 5 Cabell Y Y 3 Garmatz + Y 8 Joelson N Y 7 Brown ? Y 22 Casey Y Y Y Y 2 Clancy Y Y 15 de la Garza Y Y 2 Long Y Y 11 Minish 6 Beall Y Y 15 Patten Y Y 12 Devine Y Y 2 Dowdy Y Y 8 Gude N Y 10 Rodino Y Y 6 Harsha Y Y 8 Eckhardt Y N 5 Hogan Y Y 4 Thompson f 5 Latta N Y 21 Fisher Y Y 1 Morton Y Y 6 Cahill Y N 24 Lukens Y Y 20 Gonzalez Y Y ? + 4 McCulloch Y Y 23 Kazen Y Y MASSACHUSETTS 12 Dwyer 2 Boland Y + 5 Frelinghuysen Y N 10 Miller Y Y 19 Mahon Y Y 11 Burke Y Y 1 Hunt Y Y 23 Minshall Y Y 1 Patman ? # 4 Donohue Y Y 2 Sandman Y Y 13 Mosher Y Y 10 Pickle Y Y 7 Macdonald Y Y 7 Widnall Y 11 Stanton Y F 11 Poage Y Y 9 McCormack NEW MEXICO 1 Taft N N 13 Purcell Y Y 8 O'Neill Y N 2 Foreman Y Y 3 Whalen N Y 4 Roberts Y Y 3 Philbin Y Y 1 Lujan Y Y 15 Wylie Y Y 6 Teague Y Y 6 Bates ? ? NEW YORK OKLAHOMA 16 White Y Y 1 Conte Y Y 41 Dulski Y Y 3 Albert Y Y 12 Wright Y Y 10 Heckler ? N 34 Hanley Y Y 2 Edmondson ? Y 14 Young Y Y 7 Bush Y Y 12 Keith N Y 5 Lowenstein N X 5 Jarman Y Y 5 Morse Y N 39 McCarthy N N 4 Steed Y Y 3 Collins Y Y MICHIGAN 25 Ottinger N N 1 Belcher Y Y 18 Price Y Y 12 O'Hara Y N 1 Pike Y Y 6 Camp Y Y UTAH 18 Broomfield Y Y 35 Stratton Y Y OREGON 1 Burton Y + Y Y 3 Green Y Y 2 Lloyd Y Y 3 Brown N Y 3 Wolff 10 Cederberg Y Y 29 Button N Y 2 Ullman Y Y VERMONT 6 Chamberlain Y Y 37 Conable Y Y 4 Dellenback N Y AL Stafford Y Y 2 Esch Y Y 28 Fish Y ? 1 Wyatt N Y VIRGINIA 5 Ford Y Y 2 Grover Y Y PENNSYLVANIA 4 Abbitt Y Y 8 Harvey Y Y 38 Hastings Y Y 25 Clark Y Y 5 Daniel Y Y 4 Hutchinson N Y 36 Horton Y Y 21 Dent Y Y 1 Downing Y Y 19 McDonald N Y 30 King Y Y 11 Flood Y Y 7 Marsh Y Y 7 Riegle ? Y 31 McEwen Y Y 20 Gaydos Y Y 3 Satterfield Y Y 11 Ruppe N Y 27 McKneally Y Y 14 Moorhead Y N 10 Broyhill Y Y 9 Vander Jagt Y Y 32 Pirnie Y Y 26 Morgan Y Y 8 Poff Y Y Detroit-Wayne Co. 26 Reid N N 15 Rooney Y Y 8 Scott ? Y 1 Conyers ? N 33 Robison Y Y 24 Vigorito Y Y 9 Wampler Y Y 13 Diggs Y N 40 Smith ? ? 6 Yatron Y Y 2 Whitehurst Y Y 16 Dingell Y Y 4 Wydler Y Y 8 Biester N Y WASHINGTON 15 Ford Y Y New York City 18 Corbett Y Y 7 Adams Y N 17 Griffiths Y Y 7 Addabbo Y Y 13 Coughlin Y Y 5 Foley Y N 14 Nedzi Y Y 24 Biaggi Y N 16 Eshleman Y Y 3 Hansen Y Y MINNESOTA 23 Bingham Y N 27 Fulton Y Y 6 Hicks N Y 8 Blatnik ? Y 11 Brasco + 19 Goodling N Y 2 Meeds Y N 5 Fraser NN 15 Carey ? ? 23 Johnson Y Y 4 May Y Y 10 McDade Y Y 1 Pelly # # 4 Karth Y N 10 Celler ? ? 7 Langen Y Y 12 Chisholm N X 22 Saylor Y Y WEST VIRGINIA 3 MacGregor Y Y 9 Delaney Y Y 17 Schneebeli N Y 4 Hechler Y Y 2 Nelsen * Y 19 Farbstein N N 9 Watkins Y Y 5 Kee ? ? 1 Quie Y Y 22 Gilbert Y 12 Whalley Y Y 1 Mollohan Y Y 6 Zwach Y Y 17 Koch Y N 7 Williams Y Y 3 Slack Y Y MISSISSIPPI 16 Murphy Y # Philadelphia City 2 Staggers Y Y 1 Abernethy Y Y 13 Podell Y N 1 Barrett N N WISCONSIN 5 Colmer Y Y 18 Powell ? X 3 Byrne N N 2 Kastenmeier NN 3 Griffin Y Y 14 Rooney Y Y 4 Eilberg N Y 7 Obey NN 4 Montgomery Y Y 8 Rosenthal N N 5 Green Y N 5 Reuss NN 2 Whitten Y Y 20 Ryan N N 2 Nix N N 4 Zablocki Y Y MISSOURI 21 Scheuer X X RHODE ISLAND 8 Byrnes Y Y 5 Bolling Y # 6 Halpern Y Y 1 St. Germain Y N 9 Davis Y Y 10 Burlison Y Y NORTH CAROLINA 2 Tiernan Y Y 10 O'Konski ? ? 1 Clay N X 2 Fountain Y Y SOUTH CAROLINA 1 Schadeberg Y Y 3 Dorn Y Y 6 Steiger N Y 6 Hull Y Y 4 Galifianakis Y Y 9 Hungate N Y 3 Henderson N Y 5 Gettys + 3 Thomson Y Y 8 Ichord Y Y 1 Jones N Y 6 McMillan Y Y WYOMING 4 Randall N Y 7 Lennon f f 4 Mann + f AL Wold + + 3 Sullivan Y 6 Preyer Y Y Democrats in this type; Republicans in italics 1969 CQ ALMANAC-23-H CQ House Votes 48 through 53. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll Call Vote Nos. 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96.) HOUSE AUTHORIZES $3.6 BILLION FOR NASA; ENCOURAGES TRAVEL IN U.S.; TIGHTENS CONTROLS ON OBSCENE MAIL 48. HR 16516. National Aeronautics and Space Administra- 51. HR 14385. Subsidized transportation, Public Health Ser- tion authorization, fiscal 1971. Passage of the bill authorizing vice. Passage of the bill authorizing subsidized transportation for $3,600,875,000, $267,875,000 more than requested by the Ad- Public Health Service employees affected by the transfer to ministration. Passed 229-105: R 106-51; D 123-54 (ND 67-48; SD Rockville, Md. Rejected 64-273: R 16-146; D 48-127 (ND 42-69; 56-6), April 23, 1970. A "yea" was a vote supporting the Presi- SD 6-58), April 27, 1970. The President did not take a position on dent's position. the bill. 52. HR 16200. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Autho- 49. HR 14714. Authorize increased appropriations for National rization, fiscal 1971 and 1972. Gross (R Iowa) motion to recom- Park Service to encourage travel in the United States. Gross (R mit the bill with instructions to reduce funds from $17.5 million Iowa) motion to recommit. Rejected 111-222: R 83-75; D 28-147 to $13.125 million. Rejected 87-280: R 49-120; D 38-160 (ND 3- (ND 12-97; SD 16-50), April 27, 1970. A "nay" was a vote sup- 126; SD 35-34), April 28, 1970. A "nay" was a vote supporting porting the President's position. the President's position. 53. HR 15693. Obscene Mail. Passage of the bill prohibiting 50. HR 14714. Passage of the bill authorizing $1 million over the mailing of obscene material to persons under 17 and permit- the next two fiscal years for National Park Service programs to ting persons who object to receiving such mail to list their names promote travel in the United States. Passed 238-94: R 91-67; D with the Post Office Department. Passed 375-8: R 171-0; D 204-8 147-27 (ND 97-12; SD 50-15), April 27, 1970. A "yea" was a vote (ND 127-8; SD 77-0), April 28, 1970. A "yea" was a vote support- supporting the President's position. ing the President's position. GGGGA GGGGA - KEY - Y Record vote for (yea). ALABAMA Los Angeles Co. GEORGIA Paired for. 3 Andrews YYNNYY 17 Anderson Y - F - N Y 3 Brinkley YYYNYY $ Announced for or CQ poll for. 7 Bevill Y???NY 29 Brown ...... 7 Davis YNYNYY 5 Flowers YYYNYY 22 Corman YNYYNY 6 Flynt ? Y N N Y N Record vote against (nay). 8 Jones YNYNNY 21 Hawkins ...... 1 Hagan ?NYNY X Paired against. 4 Nichols ?YNNYY 19 Holifield NYYNY 9 Landrum ?????Y Announced against or CQ poll 6 Buchanan YYNNNY 26 Rees NYYNY 2 O'Neal ??.?√ against. 2 Dickinson NYNNYY 30 Roybal ????X? 10 Stephens #NYNY ? Absent, general pair, "present" or 1 Edwards YYNNYY 31 Wilson ????NY 8 Stuckey YNY? Y did not announce or answer poll. ALASKA 28 Bell Y???NY 4 Blackburn YYYNYY AL Pollock Y???YY 23 Clawson YYNNYY 5 Thompson YNYNYY ARIZONA 27 Goldwater Y???NY HAWAII GGGGA 2 Udall NYYNY 32 Hosmer YNYNNY AL Matsunaga YNYYNY 1 Rhodes J???XY 24 Vacancy AL Mink YNYYNY INDIANA 3 Steiger NYNNYY 20 Smith YYYNYY IDAHO 3 Brademas N - - N Y ARKANSAS 25 Wiggins YNYNNY 2 Hansen, O. YNYNNY 9 Hamilton YNYNNY 1 Alexander ?NYNNY COLORADO 1 McClure YYNNYY 11 Jacobs NNNNNY 2 Mills NN?NYY 4 Aspinall YNYNNY ILLINOIS 1 Madden ?NYNNY 4 Pryor YNYNNY 3 Evans NYNNNY 21 Gray YNYNNY 4 Adair ?YYNNY 3 Hammerschmidt NYNNNY 1 Rogers #NYYNY 24 Price YNYYNY 6 Bray YYYNNY CALIFORNIA 2 Brotzman #NYNNY 23 Shipley YNYNNY 10 Dennis YYNNNY 5 Burton YNYYNN CONNECTICUT 16 Anderson ...... 2 Landgrebe NY..NY 7 Cohelan YNYYNY 1 Daddario YNYYNY 17 Arends YNYNNY 7 Myers NYYNNY 9 Edwards YYYYNY 3 Giaimo # - 1 ? ? # 14 Erlenborn YNNNY 5 Roudebush YYNNNY 34 Hanna 5 Monagan NNYNNY 20 Findley YNYNNY 8 Zion YYNNNY 2 Johnson J-F-X 2 St. Onge Y?YYNY 12 McClory YNYNNY IOWA 4 Leggett ????NY 6 Meskill ?NYNNY 18 Michel YNYNYY 2 Culver YNYNNY 15 McFall YNYNNY 4 Weicker YYNNNY 19 Railsback NY?NNY 5 Smith YNYNNY 8 Miller YNYNNY DELAWARE 15 Reid YYYNYY 3 Gross NYNNYY 3 Moss * . * N Y AL Roth NYNNNY 22 Springer YNYYNY 4 Kyl XYNNNY 16 Sisk #NYNNY FLORIDA Chicago-Cook Co. 6 Mayne NYNNNY 38 Tunney ? - # ? - # 3 Bennett YYNNNY 7 Annunzio YNYYNY 7 Scherle XYNNYY 37 Van Deerlin YNYYNY 4 Chappell YYNNYY 1 Dawson ?????? 1 Schwengel NNYNNY 14 Waldie -NYYNY 12 Fascell YNYYNY 5 Kluczynski ?NYNNY KANSAS 1 Clausen Y-YNNY 2 Fuqua 2 Mikva N- #NN 2 Mize YYNNNY 10 Gubser YYNNNY 6 Gibbons NNYYNY 3 Murphy YNYNNY 1 Sebelius F - N Y Y 11 McCloskey N - + N Y 7 Haley YYNNYY 11 Pucinski YNYNXY 4 Shriver YNYNNY 6 Mailliard YNYYNY 11 Pepper NYYNY 6 Vacancy 5 Skubitz NYNNNY 18 Mathias Y - $ - N Y 9 Rogers Y - F N Y 8 Rostenkowski YNYNNY 3 Winn YYNNNY 33 Pettis YNYNNY 1 Sikes YYNN-Y 9 Yates NNYYNY KENTUCKY 12 Talcott YYYNNY 10 Burke Y???V? 10 Collier YYNYYY 2 Natcher YNYNNY 13 Teague Y - + - - + 8 Cramer YYN 13 Crane JYNNYY 7 Perkins YNYNNY 35 Vacancy 5 Frey YYNN - # 4 Derwinski YYYNNY 1 Stubblefield N - + - - 1 36 Wilson YNYNNY Democrats Republicans 18-H-1970 CQ ALMANAC CQ House Votes 48 through 53. (Corresponding to Congressional Record Roll Call Vote Nos. 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96.) ENIOOD ENIOOD ENIOOD GGGGA GGGGAA GGGGAA 6 Watts NNYNNY 2 Symington YNYNNY 11 Taylor YNYNYY 1 Rivers ?NYNYY 5 Carter YNYYNY 7 Hall YYNNYY 10 Broyhill NYYNYY 2 Watson NYNYY 3 Cowger - N Y N Y MONTANA 9 Jonas NNY?NY SOUTH DAKOTA 4 Snyder ?YNNYY 2 Melcher NNYYNY 5 Mizell NNYNYY 2 Berry YNYNNY LOUISIANA 1 Olsen YNYNNY 8 Ruth NNYNNY 1 Reifel -- - NY 2 Boggs YNYNNY NEBRASKA NORTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE 3 Caffery JNYNYY 2 Cunningham YYNNNY 1 Andrews YYNNNY 6 Anderson YNYNNY 7 Edwards NYNYY 1 Denney YYNNNY 2 Kleppe YYNNNY 7 Blanton YNYNNY 1 Hebert YNY?YY 3 Martin YYNYYY OHIO 4 Evins YNYNNY 8 Long J - + - Y Y NEVADA 9 Ashley NNYNNY 5 Fulton YNYNNY 5 Passman YNNNYY AL Baring Y # # . V # 20 Feighan ????X? 8 Jones -- - YY 6 Rarick YYNNYY NEW HAMPSHIRE 18 Hays JYNNNY 3 Brock Y - + N Y 4 Waggonner YNYNYY 2 Cleveland NYNNNY 19 Kirwan ?????? 2 Duncan YNYNYY MAINE 1 Wyman NNYNYY 21 Stokes N - - N Y 9 Kuykendall YNYNYY 2 Hathaway -NYYNY NEW JERSEY 22 Vanik NYNNY 1 Quillen N - + - Y Y 1 Kyros NNYYNY 14 Daniels YNYNNY 17 Ashbrook YNNY TEXAS MARYLAND 13 Gallagher N - # - N Y 14 Ayres YNYNNY 9 Brooks ?????Y 4 Fallon YNYNNY 9 Helstoski YNYNNY 8 Betts NYNNNY 17 Burleson YYNNYY 7 Friedel JNYYNY 3 Howard YNYYNY 16 Bow YYYNYY 5 Cabell ?????? 3 Garmatz YNYNNY 11 Minish NNYNNY 7 Brown ?NYNNY 22 Casey YNNNYY 2 Long NYNNNY 15 Patten Y - + N Y 2 Clancy YYNNYY 15 de la Garza YNYNNY 6 Beall YYNYNY 10 Rodino YNYYNY 12 Devine YYNNYY 2 Dowdy Y???YY 8 Gude NNYYNY 8 Roe XNYYNY 6 Harsha YNYNYY 8 Eckhardt ????NY 5 Hogan YYYYNY 4 Thompson Y - F N Y 5 Latta NNYNNY 21 Fisher Y Y - - F 1 Morton Y????Y 6 Vacancy 24 Lukens ?????? 20 Gonzalez YNYNNY MASSACHUSETTS 12 Dwyer NNYNNY 4 McCulloch YNYNYY 23 Kazen NYNNY 2 Boland YNYYNY 5 Frelinghuysen Y - + Y N Y 10 Miller NYNNNY 19 Mahon YNYNNY 11 Burke YNYNNY 1 Hunt YYNNYY 23 Minshall YNYNNY 1 Patman ?????! 4 Donohue YNYNNY 2 Sandman YNYNNY 13 Mosher NNYYNY 10 Pickle YNYNNY 6 NYYNNN 7 Widnall YNYN?Y 11 Stanton F - Y N N Y 11 Poage Y????? 7 Macdonald NNNYNY NEW MEXICO 1 Taft N - F - - + 13 Purcell Y - F - N Y 9 McCormack 2 Foreman ????YY 3 Whalen NNYNNY 4 Roberts # - + - V + 8 O'Neill YNYYXY 1 Lujan YYNNNY 15 Wylie YYNNYY 6 Teague YNYNNY 3 Philbin YNYNNY NEW YORK OKLAHOMA 16 White J - + - X + 1 Conte YNYNNY 41 Dulski YNYNNY 3 Albert YNYYNY 12 Wright NYNNY 10 Heckler YYYNNY 34 Hanley YNYNNY 2 Edmondson Y???NY 14 Young YNYNNY 12 Keith NNYNNY 5 Lowenstein N???NN 5 Jarman YNYYNY 7 Bush J????? 5 Morse YNYYNY 39 McCarthy XNYNNY 4 Steed Y-YNNY 3 Collins YYNNYY MICHIGAN 25 Ottinger 1 Belcher YNYNNY 18 Price YYNNYY 12 O'Hara NNYNNY 1 Pike NNYNNY 6 Camp YNNNNY UTAH 18 Broomfield YYNNNY 35 Stratton YNYYX OREGON Burton YNYNYY 3 Brown XYNNNY 3 Wolff YYNNNY 3 Green -NYNNY 2 Lloyd YYNNNY 10 Cederberg Y - N N N Y 29 Button NNYNNY 2 Ullman NN?NNY VERMONT 6 Chamberlain JYNNNY 37 Conable NYNNNY 4 Dellenback XNYNNY AL Stafford YNYYNY 2 Esch YYNNNY 28 Fish NYNNNY 1 Wyatt NYNNNY VIRGINIA 5 Ford YNYNNY 2 Grover YYNNYY PENNSYLVANIA 4 Abbitt YNYNYY 8 Harvey ?NYNNY 38 Hastings YNYNNY 25 Clark YNYNNY 5 Daniel YNYNYY 4 Hutchinson NYNNNY 36 Horton JNYNNY 21 Dent YNYNNY 1 Downing YNYNYY 19 McDonald NNYNY 30 King YYNNYY 11 Flood YNYNNY 7 Marsh YNYNYY 7 Riegle NYNNNY 31 McEwen Y???NY 20 Gaydos YNYNNY 3 Satterfield Y???YY 11 Ruppe NNYNNY 27 McKneally YYNNNY 14 Moorhead ...... 10 Broyhill YNYYNY 9 Vander Jagt YNYNNY 32 Pirnie YNYNNY 26 Morgan YNYNNY 6 Poff NYYNNY Detroit-Wayne Co. 26 Reid NNYNY 15 Rooney YNYN?Y 8 Scott YYNNYY 1 Conyers N - + NNN 33 Robison YNYNNY 24 Vigorito YNYNNY 9 Wampler YYYNYY 13 Diggs ?????? 40 Smith NNYYNY 6 Yatron YNYNNY 2 Whitehurst YYNNYY 16 Dingell ?????Y 4 Wydler YYYNNY 8 Biester YYNNNY WASHINGTON 15 Ford - - + N Y New York City 18 Corbett Y?YNNY 7 Adams YNYYNY 17 Griffiths ?NYNNY 7 Addabbo YYYNNY 13 Coughlin YYNNNY 5 Foley NNYNNY 14 Nedzi N - N N Y 24 Biaggi YNNNNY 16 Eshleman NYYNNY 3 Hansen Y-YNNY MINNESOTA 23 Bingham NYNYNY 27 Fulton YNYYNY 6 Hicks NNYYNY 8 Blatnik YNYNN 11 Brasco N - + N Y 19 Goodling NYNNNY 2 Meeds YNYY - Y 5 Fraser NNYNY 15 Carey XNYNNY 23 Johnson YNYNNY 4 May YNYNNY 4 Karth NNYNNY 10 Celler JNY?NY 10 McDade YNYNNY 1 Pelly YNYNNY 7 Langen N - # - - # 12 Chisholm N . . . N ? 22 Saylor NNYNYY WEST VIRGINIA 3 MacGregor YNYNNY 9 Delaney NYNNYY 17 Schneebeli XNNNY 4 Hechler YYNNNY 2 Nelsen NNYNNY 19 Farbstein N - F N Y 9 Watkins XYNNYY 5 Kee Y???NY 1 Quie YNYNNY 22 Gilbert N - + N Y 12 Whalley YYNNYY 1 Mollohan ??Y??? 6 Zwach NNYNYY 17 Koch NNYYNY 7 Williams JNYNNY 3 Slack XNYNNY MISSISSIPPI 16 Murphy Y - # ? N Y Philadelphia City 2 Staggers YN?YXY 1 Abernethy NYNNYY 13 Podell Y - F N Y 1 Barrett X???NY WISCONSIN 5 Colmer Y??? ? 18 Powell N????? 3 Byrne YNYNNY 2 Kastenmeier NNYYNY 3 Griffin FYNNYY 14 Rooney YYNNXY 4 Eilberg NNYYNY7Obey NYNN-Y 4 Montgomery YYNNYY 8 Rosenthal NNYYNY 5 Green ?NYYNY 5 Reuss NNYYNY 2 Whitten YNYNYY 20 Ryan NNYYNN 2 Nix NNYYNY 4 Zablocki YNYNNY MISSOURI 21 Scheuer N - ? NN RHODE ISLAND 8 Byrnes - YNNN N F 5 Bolling Y N N N N N 6 Halpern N - F - N Y 1 St. Germain N???NY 9 Davis NNYNY 10 Burlison N???NY NORTH CAROLINA 2 Tiernan NNYNNY 10 O'Konski 1 Clay X????? 2 Fountain YNYNNY SOUTH CAROLINA 1 Schadeberg N - - - + 6 Hull NNYNYY 4 Galifianakis YNYNNY 3 Dorn ?NYNYY 6 Steiger NYNN- 9 Hungate NNYNYY 3 YNYNYY 5 Gettys NYNVY 3 Thomson NNYNX? 8 Ichord NNYNNY 1 Jones NNYNJY 6 McMillan YNYNYY WYOMING 4 Randall NNYNNY 7 Lennon ...... 4 Mann FYNNYY AL Wold YNYNNY 3 Sullivan + - + - - + 6 Preyer YNYYNY Democrats Republicans 1970 CQ ALMANAC-19-H THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release February 11, 1988 THE PRESIDENT'S SPACE POLICY AND COMMERCIAL SPACE INITIATIVE TO BEGIN THE NEXT CENTURY FACT SHEET The President today announced a comprehensive "Space Policy and Commercial Space Initiative to Begin the Next Century" intended to assure United States space leadership. The President's program has three major components: Establishing a long-range goal to expand human presence and activity beyond Earth orbit into the Solar System; Creating opportunities for U.S. commerce in space; and Continuing our national commitment to a permanently manned Space Station. The new policy and programs are contained in a National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) signed by the President on January 5, 1988, the FY 1989 Budget the President will submit shortly to Congress, and a fifteen point Commercial Space Initiative. I. EXPANDING HUMAN PRESENCE BEYOND EARTH ORBIT In the recent NSDD, the President committed to a goal of expanding human presence and activity in the Solar System. To lay the foundation for this goal, the President will be requesting $100 million in his FY 1989 Budget for a major new technology development program "Project Pathfinder" that will enable a broad range of manned or unmanned missions beyond the Earth's orbit. Project Pathfinder will be organized around four major focuses: -- Exploration technology; -- Operations technology; Humans-in-space technology; and -- Transfer vehicle technology. This research effort will give the United States know-how in critical areas, such as humans in the space environment, closed loop life support, aero braking, orbital transfer and maneuvering, cryogenic storage and handling, and large scale space operations, and provide a base for wise decisions on long term goals and missions. Additional highlights of the NSDD are outlined in Section IV of this fact sheet. more - 2 - II. CREATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. COMMERCE IN SPACE The President is announcing a fifteen point commercial space initiative to seize the opportunities for a vigorous U.S. commercial presence in Earth orbit and beyond -- in research and manufacturing. This initiative has three goals: Promoting a strong U.S. commercial presence in space; Assuring a highway to space; and Building a solid technology and talent base. Promoting a Strong U.S. Commercial Presence in Space 1. Private Sector Space Facility: The President is announcing an intent for the Federal Government to lease space as an "anchor tenant" in an orbiting space facility suitable for research and commercial manufacturing that is financed, constructed, and operated by the private sector. The Administration will solicit proposals from the U.S. private sector for such a facility. Space in this facility will be used and/or subleased by various Federal agencies with interest in microgravity research. The Administration's intent is to award a contract during mid-summer of this year for such space and related services to be available to the Government no later than the end of FY 1993. 2. Spacehab: The Administration is committing to make best efforts to launch within the Shuttle payload bay, in the early 1990s, the commercially developed, owned, and managed Shuttle middeck module: Spacehab. Manifesting requirements will depend on customer demand. Spacehab is a pressurized metal cylinder that fits in the Shuttle payload bay and connects to the crew compartment through the orbiter airlock. Spacehab takes up approximately one-quarter of the payload bay and increases the pressurized living and working space of an orbiter by approximately 1,000 cubic feet or 400 percent in useable research volume. The facility is intended to be ready for commercial use in mid-1991. 3. Microgravity Research Board: The President will estab- lish, through Executive Order, a National Microgravity Research Board to assure and coordinate a broader range of opportunities for research in microgravity conditions. NASA will chair this board, which will include senior-level representatives from the Departments of Commerce, Transportation, Energy, and Defense, NIH, and NSF; and will consult with the university and commercial sectors. The board will have the following responsibilities: To stimulate research in microgravity environments and its applications to commercial uses by advising Federal agencies, including NASA, on microgravity priorities, and consulting with private industry and academia on microgravity research opportunities; To develop policy recommendations to the Federal Government on matters relating to microgravity research, including types of research, government/ industry/and academic cooperation, and access to space, including a potential launch voucher program; more - 3 - O To coordinate the microgravity programs of Federal agencies by: -- reviewing agency plans for microgravity research and recommending priorities for the use of Federally-owned or leased space on microgravity facilities; and -- ensuring that agencies establish merit review processes for evaluating microgravity research proposals; and To promote transfer of federally funded microgravity research to the commercial sector in furtherance of Executive Order 12591. NASA will continue to be responsible for making judgments on the safety of experiments and for making manifesting decisions for manned space flight systems. 4. External Tanks: The Administration is making available for five years the expended external tanks of the Shuttle fleet at no cost to all feasible U.S. commercial and nonprofit endeavors, for uses such as research, storage, or manufacturing in space. NASA will provide any necessary technical or other assistance to these endeavors on a direct cost basis. If private sector demand exceeds supply, NASA may auction the external tanks. 5. Privatizing Space Station: NASA, in coordination with the Office of Management and Budget, will revise its guidelines on commercialization of the U.S. Space Station to clarify and strengthen the Federal commitment to private sector investment in this program. 6. Future Privatization: NASA will seek to rely to the great- est extent feasible on private sector design, financing, construction, and operation of future Space Station require- ments, including those currently under study. 7. Remote Sensing: The Administration is encouraging the development of commercial remote sensing systems. As part of this effort, the Department of Commerce, in consultation with other agencies, is examining potential opportunities for future Federal procurement of remote sensing data from the U.S. commercial sector. Assuring a Highway to Space 8. Reliance on Private Launch Services: Federal agencies will procure existing and future required expendable launch services directly from the private sector to the fullest extent feasible. 9. Insurance Relief for Launch Providers: The Administration will take administrative steps to address the insurance concerns of the U.S. commercial launch industry, which currently uses Federal launch ranges. These steps include: O Limits on Third Party Liability: Consistent with the Administration's tort policy, the Administration will propose to Congress a $200,000 cap on noneconomic damage awards to individual third parties resulting from commercial launch accidents; more - 4 - Limits on Property Damage Liability: The liability of commercial launch operators for damage to Government property resulting from a commercial launch accidentwill be administratively limited to the level of insurance required by the Department of Transportation. If losses to the Government exceed this level, the Government will waive its right to recover for damages. If losses are less than this level, the Government will waive its right to recover for those damages caused by Government willful misconduct or reckless disregard. 10. Private Launch Ranges: The Administration will consult with the private sector on the potential construction of commercial launch range facilities separate from Federal facilities and the use of such facilities by the Federal Government. 11. Vouchers for Research Payloads: NASA and the Department of Transportation will explore providing to research payload owners manifested on the Shuttle a one time launch voucher that can be used to purchase an alternative U.S. commercial launch service. Building a Solid Technology and Talent Base 12. Space Technology Spin-Offs: The President is directing that the new Pathfinder program, the Civil Space Technology Initiative, and other technology programs be conducted in accordance with the following policies: o Federally funded contractors, universities, and Federal laboratories will retain the rights to any patents and technical data, including copyrights, that result from these programs. The Federal Government will have the authority to use this intellectual property royalty free; Proposed technologies and patents available for licens- ing will be housed in a Pathfinder/CSTI library within NASA; and o When contracting for commercial development of Pathfinder, CSTI and other technology work products, NASA will specify its requirements in a manner that provides contractors with maximum flexibility to pursue innovative and creative approaches. 13. Federal Expertise on Loan to American Schools: The Presi- dent is encouraging Federal scientists, engineers, and technicians in aerospace and space related careers to take a sabbatical year to teach in any level of education in the United States. 14. Education Opportunities: The President is requesting in his FY 1989 Budget expanding five-fold opportunities for U.S. teachers to visit NASA field centers and related aerospace and university facilities. In addition, NASA, NSF, and DoD will contribute materials and classroom experiments through the Department of Education to U.S. schools developing "tech shop" programs. NASA will encourage corporate participation in this program. 15. Protecting U.S. Critical Technologies: The Administration is requesting that Congress extend to NASA the authority it has given the Department of Defense to protect from whole- sale release under the Freedom of Information Act those critical national technologies and systems that are prohib- ited from export. more - 5 - III. CONTINUING THE NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE SPACE STATION In 1984, the President directed NASA to develop a permanently manned Space Station. The President remains committed to achieving this end and is requesting $1 billion in his FY 1989 Budget for continued development and a three year appropriation commitment from Congress for $6.1 billion. The Space Station, planned for development in cooperation with U.S. friends and allies, is intended to be a multi-purpose facility for the Nation's science and applications programs. It will permit such things in space as: research, observation of the solar system, assembly of vehicles or facilities, storage, servicing of satellites, and basing for future space missions and commercial and entrepreneurial endeavors in space. To help ensure a Space Station that is cost effective, the President is proposing as part of his Commercial Space Initiative actions to encourage private sector investment in the Space Station, including directing NASA to rely to the greatest extent feasible on private sector design, financing, construction, and operation of future Space Station requirements. IV. ADDITIONAL HIGHLIGHTS OF THE JANUARY 5, 1988 NSDD O U.S. Space Leadership: Leadership is reiterated as a fundamental national objective in areas of space activity critical to achieving U.S. national security, scientific, economic and foreign policy goals. O Defining Federal Roles and Responsibilities: Government activities are specified in three separate and distinct sectors: civil, national security, and nongovernmental. Agency roles and responsibilities are codified and specific goals are established for the civil space sector; those for other sectors are updated. o Encouraging a Commercial Sector: A separate, nongovernmental or commercial space sector is recognized and encouraged by the policy that Federal Government actions shall not preclude or deter the continuing development of this sector. New guidelines are established to limit unnecessary Government competition with the private sector and ensure that Federal agencies are reliable customers for commercial space goods and services. O The President's launch policy prohibiting NASA from maintaining an expendable launch vehicle adjunct to the Shuttle, as well as limiting commercial and foreign payloads on the Shuttle to those that are Shuttle-unique or serve national security or foreign policy purposes, is reaffirmed. In addition, policies endorsing the purchase of commercial launch services by Federal agencies are further strengthened. o National Security Space Sector: An assured capability for national security missions is clearly enunciated, and the survivability and endurance of critical national security space functions is stressed. Assuring Access to Space: Assured access to space is recognized as a key element of national space policy. U.S. space transportation systems that provide sufficient resiliency to allow continued operation, despite failures in any single system, are emphasized. The mix of space transportation vehicles will be defined to support mission needs in the most cost effective manner. Remote Sensing: Policies for Federal "remote sensing" or observation of the Earth are established to encourage the development of U.S. commercial systems competitive with or superior to foreign-operated civil or commercial systems. # # # September 1, 1989 Memorandum Subject: Suggested Draft Speech On The Information Age It is evident to everyone that we live in a time of momentous change. The recent events in Central Europe alone are cause for wonder and would never have been predicted only a short time ago. All of the recent dramatic changes have led a good many observers to seek a common thread in all the confusion, to explain what really is behind all the political and social transformation around the globe. I believe that all Americans who have compared what's happening in other countries to our own, know the explanation in their bones. It has been said before: freedom works. Freedom works because it is in mankind's nature to be free. Our forefathers knew that when they began the great experiment that is America. But they knew that freedom is vulnerable and for freedom to fully flower we must cultivate it with every useful tool we can devise. Today we are witnessing the development of new tools and new mechanisms that can help promote freedom, just as the magnificent institutional mechanisms which our founders devised -- our system of checks and balances, for example -- have preserved and enhanced freedom on this continent. (more) 2-2-2 These new tools I speak of are especially evident in the emergence of new technologies that have made the spread of information much easier and more widespread. Like any instrument, these new information technologies can be used for good or evil purposes. But by and large, they are tending to overcome the barriers to free expression around the world, and to develop new forms of useful wealth based less on material things, and more on ideas and knowledge. These new technologies have allowed information, ideas, and capital to be transmitted from one place in the world to another in the blink of an eye. The new technologies of communication: computers, lasers, fax machines, lasers optical fibers, satellites all these wonderful new things have symbolized what has come to be known as the Information Age, a new era marked by investment in human capital and the creations of the mind: services and software, ideas and information. Many of us see the new technologies in our everyday work: for example, in the personal computers that existed only in the imagination a short time ago. I am reminded of an incident that took place in the Soviet Union where some American journalists were reporting on a scientific conference. The American reporters were approached by the Soviet scientists they were covering. (more) 3-3-3 The scientists, it seemed, had never before seen the laptop computers the reporters were using. They wanted to know how it worked. When the Americans explained that they could send their stories back home via the phone lines, the Soviet scientists were amazed. It must have occurred to some of them that the old saying could be updated to read "The keyboard is mightier than the sword." Today, of course, these kinds of computers are becoming common, characteristically as the latest tool of expression for the free press that is America's pride. Freedom of expression has always been the hallmark of American democracy. The only difference is that today we have technologies like those personal computers that make expressing and transmitting information much easier as a practical matter. But, of course, vast numbers of the world's people have never known the access to information, to knowledge, that we in the free world enjoy. For them the facts of the world have always been smothered -- or more accurately -- twisted and stretched, manipulated beyond recognition -- by the brutal hands of tyranny and ignorance. Particularly in the totalitarian world has that most critical source of information -- history -- been held hostage for sinister political purposes. (more) 4-4-4 For decades, the most eloquent voices in both the West and the East have told us about the workings and implications of official thought control. From George Orwell to Arthur Koestler to Alexander Solzhenitsyn to Czeslaw Milosz, we have all learned the nature of the atrocities that tyranny has committed not just in the past, but on the past: the names of ancient cities, towns, and streets changed to reflect the latest officially- approved personage -- the encyclopedias that come with razor blades to remove the entries on those whom the state has decided to condemn -- the banned books and periodicals -- the silenced tongues -- the unmarked graves -- the Big Lie. All these are symbols of the ultimate tyranny, the tyranny of the state over the free expression of mankind. But suddenly there is a dawning awareness that something has changed. Not only has tyranny been thrown on the defensive, but the agents of tyranny realize it themselves. For years the brutal hands of state authority have hurled sand into the eyes of history itself. But now a New Breeze blows it back in the form of silicon chips and optical fibers -- the symbols of the Information Age. (more) 5-5-5 I have often spoken about the New Breeze. Very simply it is the force of an idea: the idea of freedom and democracy. Technological change can reinforce freedom -- it actually does, at this very moment. The technological change of the Information Age is helping to fan the New Breeze and ventilate long-stifled centers of expression. Together, the Information Age and the New Breeze reinforce each other. The darkness that for many nations has long obscured vast areas of history and knowledge -- what the Czech writer, Milan Kundera has called the "Kingdom of Forgetting" -- is suddenly being dispelled and blown away. Whole peoples are awaking from an artificial amnesia imposed upon them by brute force of the state. What emerges to take its place will depend mainly on what the people themselves do in those places in which the New Breeze has been blowing. But what emerges will also depend in part on us: on all those who have long treasured the traditions of the free exchange of ideas and information -- we who live in the societies that have created the knowledge-based economy and the technologies of the Information Age. We, by our own actions and our own example will help determine whether the Kingdoms of Forgetting develop into, as it were, the Republics of Remembering. (more) 6-6-6 As an example, let me return to the those journalists with their laptop computers. I believe that in many ways American journalism represents the cutting edge of what many have called the New Information Age. Peace, prosperity, and above all, freedom, depends upon the people's access to truth. A free press serves to protect and preserve the truth. In this time of dramatic world change, it is all the more critical that we meet our obligation to reveal the truth and remove the barriers to the flow of information. Therefore, we must not forget that the free press we have in America is not only the envy of the world for its pursuit of truth, it is also increasingly the model for those seeking greater access to the sources of information. In a larger sense, America is itself a model to the world in this age of change. That is a heavy responsibility for us all. But I am confident that we can meet it. We can meet it because we have the winning ideas, the ideas I symbolize as the New Breeze. And because, to borrow a phrase from an old TV show, "we have the technology." (more) 7-7-7 [That is why I am calling on the institutions of American journalism to volunteer in sharing their techniques and their technology with fellow journalists in countries, like Poland, which seek to establish -- for the first time in decades -- the foundations of a truly free press. We already have the admirable example of American labor unions helping their sister organizations in other countries. And here at home American reporters already represent, in a myriad of ways, the spirit of A Thousand Points of Light. Let us take that spirit and apply it to help lift the darkness that has enshrouded too many nations.] [Other possible initiatives: TV Marti; Direct Satellite Broadcasting to Eastern Europe; urging prevention of barriers to American radio/TV programming in the European Community; U.S. rejoining UNESCO] Take another example of the Information Age that is, literally, closer to home. More and more, people are choosing to do their day to day work at home. Again, the Information Age has made this possible. Through personal computers, modems, fax machines, and the like, ordinary people can work closer to the people they are really working for: their families. (more) 8-8-8 We see the effects in the recent phenomenon of so-called "telecommuting." People are making their own homes their offices, and communicating with their co-workers through the new technologies. In doing so, they are increasing their own quality of life by avoiding congested urban areas, and increasing the quality of life for other people by reducing that congestion and the pollution that comes with it For many people this is an old story: they've always worked at home, whether it was harvesting the back-forty behind the house in the Midwestern autumn, or knitting piece-work at the kitchen table in the New England winter, or, year-round, the noblest occupation of all, the job of looking after the kids at home. Come to think of it, I do most of my work around the house myself. [That is why I am directing my Secretary of Labor, Elizabeth Dole, to study ways to make working at home easier, and to remove any unreasonable barriers that may prevent people from taking full advantage of the opportunities to fulfill their vocations at home where they can be closer to their families.] (more) 9-9-9 The Information Age holds the promise not only of new ways to ensure that the New Breeze of freedom and democracy blows around the world, but that here at home the promise of economic opportunity is enhanced in every corner, every hearthside, of America. This nation which started the information revolution should also be the nation which shows how to use these new technologies for the benefit of all mankind. That's all the more important because, in this era of political and social change around the world, more and more countries will be looking as never before to the United States as their model for reshaping their own destinies. We have the tools. We have the technology. We have the winning ideas. We have freedom. And we have the promise of greater freedom for ourselves and for unseen millions around the globe. Let's get to work. ###