Ask the Scholar
Page 1 of 1
I can add historical knowledge about this page.
Page image
OCR
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Miami, Florida)
For Immediate Release
January 19, 1990
EXECUTIVE ORDER
PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
By the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and laws of the United States of America, and in
order to establish, in accordance with the provisions of the
Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. 2),
an advisory committee on science and technology, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
Section 1. Establishment. There is established the
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
("Council"). The Council shall be composed of not more than
15 members, one of whom shall be the Director of the Office
of Science and Technology Policy, and 14 of whom shall be
distinguished individuals from the private sector to be
appointed by the President. The Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy shall serve as Chairman of the
Council. The Vice Chairman shall be appointed by the
President from among the 14 private sector members. The
Chairman shall report directly to the President.
Sec. 2. Functions. (a) The Council shall advise the
President on matters involving all areas of science and
technology.
(b) In the performance of its advisory duties the
Council shall conduct a continuing review and assessment of
developments in science and technology, and shall, through the
Chairman, report thereon to the President whenever requested.
(c) The Chairman may, from time to time, invite experts
to investigate and report to the Council on specific issues of
national consequence.
Sec. 3. Administration. (a) The heads of Executive
agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide the
Council and its panels such information with respect to
scientific and technological matters as required for the
purpose of carrying out its functions.
(b) Members of the Council shall serve without any
compensation for their work on the Council. However, members
appointed from among private citizens of the United States may
be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
subsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving
intermittently in the Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701-5707).
(c) Any expenses of the Council shall be paid from the
funds available for the expenses of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy.
(d) The Office of Administration shall, on a
reimbursable basis, provide such administrative services
as may be required.
more
(OVER)
2
Sec. 4. General. (a) Notwithstanding any other
Executive order, the functions of the President under the
Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended, except that of
reporting to the Congress, which are applicable to the
Council, shall be performed by the Office of Administration
in accord with the guidelines and procedures established by
the Administrator of General Services.
(b) The Council shall terminate on June 30, 1991, unless
sooner extended.
GEORGE BUSH
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 19, 1990.
# # #
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Knoxville, Tennessee)
For Immediate Release
February 2, 1990
The President today announced the appointment of the President's
Council of Advisers on Science and Technology (PCAST), comprised
of 12 distinguished scientists and engineers. This panel will
provide high-level advice directly to the President on a wide
range of important issues concerning science and technology.
PCAST will be the first Presidential scientific advisory group
in many years to report directly to the President. Its
establishment is a measure of the Bush Administration's high
esteem for science and a recognition that advances in science
and technology contribute in a major way to increased economic
competitiveness. It also reflects the President's desire to
strengthen Federal science and technology policy, enhance Federal
research and development activities, and encourage private sector
involvement in research and development.
The United States scientific community leads the world in
creating new knowledge. Through PCAST, the President is seeking
to provide the best obtainable private sector advice to Executive
Branch decision-making in science and technology.
PCAST will be chaired by Dr. D. Allan Bromley, Assistant to the
President for Science and Technology. A list of the members and
their affiliations is attached, along with a fact sheet on
science and technology accomplishments in the Bush Administration.
PCAST was established January 19, 1990, by Executive Order 12700.
Its members will be sworn in later today by the Vice President at
the White House.
- more -
BOIG
the HOMES
IFE шемрых yes ENDIU TW Typer fugsin - gue ATCE
БСУВЬ MSE 191596A 18' Tado' pr. Exos sping OXGen
supsuge 909 wotch TV que Lg,
**** En 917008 Far stoud cuttif UU
gsup LOT 20162006 sug SE 1444 OF FUG 11; daty
БСУВШ 411 06 custing pA DL D' VITIO Excuper marapsur
geora, TV acreade suy pecjuo LALL
a DIOATHO FPO peap opt mepts DETAILS 99 9QA/CG a - As
Just sever' que TB
with nurped STUDER sateuff TO Tesqa pus MOITG T23
TM shing
teassrop sug ganeroumsup study Departe WHICH
Requiry actence 324 ресриотоба POTT A SUBSTICE engelyt
comboy IF steo IGITGOFE 4% blearger ,2 gearne TO
enjuj ресриото computporte THE y MgA DO for cesseq GOODQUITOR
for apparce, guy S recodum you part SIGNATURE TU
32. UntiA dauH Adt to STUBET 5 al
THE шешл ASSES to LEDOTT ФЛЬСТА & rus IfE
beval ATTI PC Are STRAP ST equality X
has agual to sprust
DECATES SIGATE STRUCT 14% P THE If QUES MICH
of 13 ватешруарт equapment age Date) WIT
community PM OU actends, sug par-
34% РОСУЛ OF que
yor Image:
3" Tag
OTHER of 400 86
XX
MATTE 0.88
- 2 --
NORMAN F. BORLAUG
Nobel Laureate Borlaug, of Texas, is currently leader of the
Sasakawa-Global-2000 agricultural program in sub-Saharan Africa,
Distinguished Professor of International Agriculture at Texas A&M
University, and a Senior Consultant to CIMMYT. He was Director
of the Wheat Research and Production Program of the International
Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico, from 1964 until his
retirement in 1979.
Dr. Borlaug's career began in 1935 in the U.S. Forest Service,
and he subsequently worked as an instructor in plant pathology at
the University of Minnesota in 1941, where he received his Ph.D.
From 1942 through 1944 he was a microbiologist with the E. I.
DuPont de Nemours & Co.. He also served as research scientist in
charge of wheat improvement with the Cooperative Mexican
Agricultural Program, Mexican Ministry of Agriculture and the
Rockefeller Foundation, 1944-60, and later, as Associate Director
of the Foundation assigned to the Inter-American Food Crop
Program, 1960-63.
D. ALLAN BROMLEY, CHAIRMAN
D. Allan Bromley, of Connecticut, is Assistant to the President
for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy (OSTP).
Dr. Bromley carried out pioneering studies on both the structure
and dynamics of nuclei and is considered the father of modern
heavy ion science. He has played major roles in the development
of accelerators, of detection systems, and in computer based data
acquisition and analysis systems. He is currently on leave from
his position as Henry Ford II Professor of Physics at Yale
University, where he was founder and Director of the A.W. Wright
Nuclear Structure Laboratory.
Dr. Bromley has been a leader in the national and international
science and science policy communities for more than 20 years,
serving as a member of the White House Science Council throughout
the Reagan Administration and as a member of the National Science
Board in 1988-89. He received the President's National Medal of
Science in 1988 and the Presidential Medal of the New York
Academy of Sciences in 1989. He has served as President of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics.
Dr. Bromley received the B.Sc. degree in 1948 at Queen's
University, Canada, the M.Sc. degree from Queen's University in
1950, and the Ph.D. degree in nuclear physics from the University of
Rochester in 1952. He has since been awarded 10 honorary doctorates.
SOLOMON J. BUCHSRAUM
Solomon J. Buchsbaum, of New Jersey, has been Senior Vice
President, Technology Systems, at AT&T Bell Laboratories since
1979. His early career included work at the MIT Research
Laboratory of Electronics. He received his Ph.D. in physics from
MIT in 1957. He joined Bell Laboratories in 1958 as a member of
the technical staff and later became department head and director
of the Electronics Research Laboratory. In 1968, he was named
Vice President for Research at the Sandia Laboratories and served
in a number of different capacities. He returned to Bell
Laboratories in 1971 as an Executive Director. In 1976 he became
Vice President, Network Planning and Customer Systems.
Dr. Buchsbaum is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and
of the National Academy of Engineering. He was the recipient of
the President's National Medal of Science in 1986.
- more -
1941.
wegan or RETURNS 10 rase'
of or HV MST are of
DL wesper DE as programs VE dispences very
CORPONER pharews
90.90 DESCOPOR* Jase He persons
TO event 09090143 and HC terming
Age His assigns was
OF a 1008 pe мла
FUG STATE pecaus passig sug
WILL 7828 UP - 98
of 112 you ORANCE CROW
тода" 14" To cstost MORIC 91. Filther AND
areatgeup) 97 WITH BUTT politive
OCT U. your pgs police Coupon she
91
BocyBepeT +1 Tuest
Ta20' swy D' THE uncrest fyr of
CSUNGS +7% gudzes LOW Oncere OUTANISTED 11
DI act Onecu,a
our DE blue VALIDA Swapper
увасстиртом TOT FHE of OF
усваеш 96 acrenges TU Toda* HS SINGY 58 of
TV 1888 swg File wester) or AUCK
BOSICE TN TaKa-80 FPG
FUE Tapes TOU said шеврестов not
arree nonas acrewed
surance sang acreugs POTTCA LOC MOIO nusset
Dr. Exception pse peen товсы. THE que 95g
DUTAO upense per MSIA comuge. sug Director we METCHE
NTE se MASSA LOLY II OF
State 909 алерыма 8999 TSSAG EXCESS
of of yetso, you алереша such gaps
petion you actuace 49 usa DISTAGY moree DJ que
way quantifice project uug Ta FNb
US BROWJEA QUALTED one afrigres ou port
(0215)*
(OT. BOTYUGG sug ДЕСРОСТОРА aug DIRECTOR of
D' VIIVA BEOWYGA OF TX gueyapsup PO
VITTA СЛУТКАЛЛ
---
TO geardueg FO fps QLOB
Book ISTJEL 1344-00 se
brode our WILTERSA of you +26
сражае right TWORONGHOUF MTTP pe COODETSING
Drigoup go C CO His yes 9a 168697.00
FROM Tots Taxe pc WSB ATEM
+PG OUTAGRATE of TU TAVI' pre WID*
study pc MORE 9 92 Despoyed If
poder TW 1632 TU дожар
TM Tapar
NUTSO seg Coupon Nic
FUG depenshop use products
CODE/T) CASH
DAVE OT
TO amp-so
иорет OF warre' Ta
вовгуле
- 3 -
CHARLES L. DRAKE
Charles L. Drake, of Vermont, has been the Albert Bradley
Professor of Earth Sciences at Dartmouth since 1984 and Professor
of Geology since 1969. Dr. Drake's professional career began at
Columbia University in 1953. He joined the staff at Dartmouth
in 1958 after receiving his Ph.D. in geology from Columbia
University where he has continued his career, including service
as Professor and Chairman of the Department, 1967-69; as Dean of
Graduate Studies and as Associate Dean of the Science Department,
1978-81.
Dr. Drake is a recipient of the G. P. Woollard Award, Geophysical
Division of the Geological Society of America.
RALPH E. GOMORY
Ralph E. Gomory, of New York, is President of the Sloan
Foundation and, until his recent retirement, was Senior Vice
President for Science and Technology, IRM Corporation. He
received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton in 1954.
Dr. Gamory's professional experience includes teaching and
research at Princeton from 1957-59. In 1959, he joined the
Research Division of IRM and was named Director of the
Mathematical Sciences Department in 1965. In 1970 he became IBM
Director of Research and held that position until 1985, becoming
IBM Vice President in 1973, Senior Vice President in 1985, and
IBM Senior Vice President for Science and Technology in 1986. He
has been awarded a number of honorary degrees and prizes,
including the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1984 and the
National Medal of Science in 1988.
BERNADINE HEALY NICE CHAIRMAN
Bernadine Healy, of Ohio, is Chairman of the Research Institute
of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a position she assumed in
1985, and is a staff member of the Clinic's Department of
Cardiology. Prior to that time, she was Deputy Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy at the White House, and
until that appointment had been a Professor at The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine and Hospital. Dr. Healy received
her medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1970. Her
medical career continued at Johns Hopkins from 1976 to 1984,
where she was Professor of Cardiology and Medicine, Director of
the Coronary Care Unit, and Assistant Dean for Postdoctoral
Programs and Faculty Development.
Dr. Healy is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the
National Academy of Sciences. She is the immediate Past
President of the American Heart Association and a former
President of the American Federation for Clinical Research.
PETER W. LIKINS
Peter W. Likins, of Pennsylvania, has been President of Lehigh
University since 1982. His professional career began as a
development engineer with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, in 1958. In 1964 he joined
the faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles, where
he became Professor of Engineering and later, Associate Dean.
Dr. Likins received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from
Stanford in 1965. In 1976 he became Professor and Dean of
Columbia University, serving until 1980, when he became Provost
of the University.
- more -
not
states
Commore must TOTAL
n rase No person
Dr.* pie БР'О" Your
ps pecsuas ENG yBaccTop DOWN
CDS ПОТАСТЕТРА of CS per AUGLE
THE TORU* ID 1089 your jorneq
AIRU 164
Toda* 1118 pudge 92.9
джетувир of
BRENDER TIKING
callue TOSD Tax
years for good
program of gcrences THINK yes
DX HOSTA *** fus
9UG yearspour pours US
card programox Cough
** jopue HOURTUR таде R
godiet with TO 1630
acpoor OF 500g
MUFT FUST 1999 post S HOOKER
OLETOR acrount 9vg БОТТСА of FUS of a HOMELY
CHIRTOTOGAT БАТОЕ TO first prost 800 MSL Debitity ceopot or file
TA82* of Debertment OF
OF passpart CITIZE prou aps The
HGST one we TDS Become TITLE
H&VE
weges ВСТЫШЬ TM rese*
пистидтика que good AOU BLISS 1084
amerged unaper DE pouor Buy DITES
TBW ATCG presencer, the 20T6LGG 900 D 1080° 120
breatque TU 1013' BELTOR Are THE
DE say pers quot DOES ourst 1882 DOCUMENTS
WH acrosse TW Taea* TOJO 2361
DTA MS8
90 you 021-20 IN 1020 DU TOTUCE FPA
DUE
UTS DATE TW insured you DET
FOR 8076006 sug Ibin
OR use recomp Age
02.05 XOEK' TV -
БУЛЬЯ COHOKA
five
DAY FPS MOUNTSIS
1338-8T'
SIRG se yBHo T949 FUG agrees
se eng pus was
ANTAGRS AUGLE pue 00 wre OGLATOR
BICST RECETATED upe BP'D' deojoda good
COTALISTS TU 3237 H6 jonjeq que effict St.
OF Georoda ETUCS Taes" DI юрвантору STATE
Блоговеок OF TRUCG Department aruas 1080 suy
CUSIJGS ANIMONS' use pass FUG VIDGLE BESIGTON
CHARLES P 08VKE
- 4 -
THOMAS E. LOVEJOY
Thomas E. Lovejoy, of Virginia, is the Assistant Secretary for
External Affairs, The Smithsonian Institution. His previous
experience includes service as a research assistant at the
University of Pennsylvania, 1971-74, after receiving his Ph.D. in
biology from Yale University in 1971; as Executive Assistant to
the Science Director and as Assistant to the Vice President for
Resources and Planning of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
1972-73; as the Vice President for Science of the World Wildlife
Fund-U.S., 1973-87; and as Executive Vice President, 1985-89.
Dr. Lovejoy is President of the Society for Conservation Biology.
WALTER E. MASSEY
Walter E. Massey, of Illinois, has been the Vice President of the
University of Chicago for Research and for Argonne National
Laboratory since 1984. He has also been Professor of Physics at
the University since 1979.
Dr. Massey previously served as a physics instructor at Morehouse
College, 1958-59; and after receiving his Ph.D. in physics from
Washington University in 1966, as a staff physicist with the
Argonne National Laboratory until 1968; as Assistant Professor of
Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1968-70; Associate
Professor of Physics and Dean of the College, Brown University,
1975-79. He is Vice President, and President-elect, of the
American Physical Society and is the Past President and Chairman
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
JOHN P. MCTAGUE
John P. McTaque, of Michigan, is Vice President-Research, Ford
Motor Company, and has served in that position since 1986.
In 1983 Dr. McTague was appointed Deputy Director of the Office
of Science and Technology Policy, becoming Acting Science Advisor
to the President and Acting Director of OSTP in 1986. Prior to
that, he was Chairman of the National Synchrotron Light Source
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1982-83. He was
Professor of Chemistry and a member of the Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California,
Los Angeles, 1970-82. Dr. McTague began his professional career
as a member of the Technical Staff, North American Aviation Science
Center, on receiving his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Boston
University, and remained there until 1970. He is U.S. Chairman
of the U.S. Japan Joint High Level Advisory Panel on Cooperation
in Research and Development in Science and Technology.
DANIEL NATHANS
Nobel Laureate Nathans, of Maryland, is Professor of Molecular
Biology and Genetics at The Johns Hopkins University Medical
School and Senior Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical
Institute. He has been on the faculty of The Johns Hopkins
University Medical School since 1962.
After receiving his Medical Degree from Washington University in
1954, he served as Medical Resident at the Columbia-Presbyterian
Medical Center in New York, 1955, 1957-59; as Clinical Associate
at the National Cancer Institute, 1955-57, and Guest Investigator
in biochemistry at the Rockefeller University, 1959-62.
Dr. Nathans received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in
1978 for his research with enzymes that cut DNA into specific
pieces, one of the basic tools of genetic engineering.
- more -
UTGC68 - pooja OF devego
TOAD for MILD SUBMIT pust Tupo absorve
DE, include receiving berso TO wegre
File BocKeTe JGI ADTAGES pay
sprous (suder Cheese
NGA KORK 1023-281 vid споторт уавостярь
sev when SF the COTTAIN
PTS Weggest Deares and AUTAGRETTA or
sari sonta IsatheM
№ per post OU FUE EVERYEA of Johns H
sug Quartor, of pus HOMELO Hodpee Wighout
sug 96 JUG nopua BOOKING WASTONI
of TO programs 03
DAMIET имамие
TM presency 909 TU autono gug десрцотови*
of HTAT УДАТНОГА BOUNT ou coobinsion
+1616 quall 1930 CAMPANY
pre DP or TU phares; operapix BURFUL
DE тямрох of FPS 93 your VATISTOU
vudeyee DE psur required
volmol winl Vister Is bris
"SIG of any a OF
26w.eH ser tradent Isrinitali reverblood
fust' No ASE 06.00 изсторут xopTop ΓTapp 200.06
to sug vet TJCE of 1382' DATO:
mojod BOJTON pecoss assure yearso
ASE specificeg Department pyxed JEF 026196
popor, carg use вищед filst effece 1852*
10:04 b 191 or TO preargous BANKS) our LOLG
дониль' WALVER
insurance 200000
BRAUT SUCTORA sug TO que BSEF STORE SWN CUSTOMER
1032-19 Afce suy DASE, DA
spogesa guy DOOD COTTeC goods) motarfs
editionesA tor-aaes atord to
yours ГУРОКУРОТА DUFT) 1000 9a
TO aee 93.9 BESTE орлвто
201 vug Street recepting pro SPOD*
assign 98.9 hpharce
que upon тада*
spuce 08% 119 personso pess
Curcedo ful suy LOT (sprover)
OF pse peeu FULL ATOS gue
OVIVER'S E' WEEK
DE ПОЛЕДОД TO preargeup of goodeps the
тадз-аз! AYCE quart 1888708
1813-03: 93 AM for OF
mg усудеми OF
fine acress DIRECTOR yearsport
projoan TOST:
BLUE
say que
NAME
of TM
JACAVE B
- 5 -
DAVID PACKARD
David Packard, of California, has been Chairman of the Board of
the Hewlett-Packard Co. since 1972. Mr. Packard received his
B.A. and B.S.F.E. degrees from Stanford University in 1934 and
1939, respectively.
His professional experience includes service as an engineer with
the Vacuum Tube Engineering Department, GE Co., 1936-38; co-
founder and partner, the Hewlett-Packard Co., 1939-47; President,
1947-64; and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, 1964-69.
Prior to his present position, Mr. Packard served as U.S. Deputy
Secretary of Defense from 1969-71.
Mr. Packard received the Vannevar Bush Award of the National
Science Board in 1987 and the President's National Medal of
Technology and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988.
HAROLD T. SHAPIRO
Harold T. Shapiro, of New Jersey, has been President of Princeton
University since 1988.
Dr. Shapiro's previous academic experience has been with the
University of Michigan, after receiving his Ph.D. in economics
from Princeton in 1964, first as an Assistant Professor of
Economics. His career progressed from Associate Professor,
1967-70; Professor, 1970-76; Chairman of the Department of
Economics, 1974-77; Professor of Economics and Public Policy,
1977; Vice President for Academic Affairs, 1977-79.
Dr. Shapiro was President of the University of Michigan from 1980
until 1987. He has served as a member of many industrial,
governmental and academic boards and commissions.
# # #
...
and scogeuro postge 91/g
APPD per SELAND 98 S or "9"
DL applysis ase bleergens of FUG of HOW Taxo
Jass' ATCS preargent FOR VELSTION 833-20
you OF ECODUITES sug BARTTO
aso-jes FPS
AT?
Exom (11 reed' that 98 su
THE of 96091 LOCETATED ure BP'D' TO economice
Diy 10,8 because vosquire EXPERTEUCE pga SEW NEW
AMERICA in вушое 1080*
which years pga peed 37
4:
negugojods Negs] OF T11 Tass:
POTGUOS BOSIG DI PATOSA Иˢ yours OZ
NAT Бескутд que Brian ymang
of DETELES STARY Jaca-ATT
BLTOL a соетртош? WE BSOKYING BECAUG
rava-ev. stup sug CUTRE EXECUTIVE
pooper mg FUS 0911
pus ASCRESS arpe Endressing CAS CO
HFS EXDELTGUCS ruoriges est 9) CICO
Ta38'
is E'E' gsdiess TROM
FPR an IMPS backsig
DEATH -jiga peer of RS
DVAID
- 2 -
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Knoxville, Tennessee)
NOTICE TO THE PRESS
February 2, 1990
The President will host the first meeting of the President's
Council of Advisers on Science and Technology Policy (PCAST) at
Camp David on Saturday, February 3 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.
The meeting will provide an opportunity for discussion of science
and technology issues of national importance, future PCAST agenda
items, and how the Council can most effectively advise the
President.
PCAST was established January 19, 1990 by Executive Order 12700
to provide advice to the President on all subjects involving
science and technology, and to serve as a mechanism for providing
private sector input. The Council will bring together a
cross-section of the Nation's scientific and technical minds from
industry, academia and non-profit organizations to focus on major
science and technology issues facing the country.
The Council will have between 10 and 14 members, appointed by the
President. Dr. Allan Bromley, Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology, will chair the Council.
# # #
# # #
use NTT quirts que CODUCTT
C yis yearersur CO the Bleergers 101.
DUE company ATT руде perment TO sug IN suborning PA que
study peanee event fps curtu,
swg que to OD BATCK
of FPS accepting sang square goda
DEPASITE a eccipon; we MADY project passper S
sing 90g & 92 S en X
& DIDATUS system for File DD *11 empresa SAGNATURE
BOYST MSTA To 7800 pc EXCEPTIONS URYER to
frome' STARS 110m +1% COMUCTT 051 must Steat signature **
90g realize of incrussy БСУРЬ scengs
uses weepful mail DEOATING 9W LOS precreurou ECTUUOS
crub During we espingsh' ESPENSIA 3 from 10:30 9'W" to T:30 orw"
COMPUT) OF MATEGIE ou actence guy BOI GA VP
JUST Bleargenp STT poat FPS times шеертиа OF que
дерслята 3' Jodu
WOLTCE TO
(seasenrett
06 of FPG 51682
JANE MAILE HOLIZE
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
February 2, 1990
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS
AND INITIATIVES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION
FACT SHEET
The President announced today the appointment of the members of
the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST). This distinguished panel of scientists, engineers and
industry leaders will provide high-level advice directly to the
President on a wide range of important issues concerning science
and technology.
Advances in science and technology are a key to increased
economic competitiveness and improving our quality of life. The
President's action today caps a year of vigorous activity by the
Administration to advance science and technology issues on a
broad front. The three broad areas of activity are summarized
below:
I.
Strengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy
II. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities
III. Encouraging Increased Private Sector Research and
Development Investment
I.
Strengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy
Establishing the National Space Council. -- The
President issued an Executive Order on April 20, 1989,
establishing the National Space Council, chaired by the
Vice President. The Space Council provides advice and
assistance to the President on space policy and
strategy and monitors and coordinates the
implementation of space policy among the civil,
national security and commercial space sectors.
Establishing the Administration's Council on
Competitiveness. -- The President established the
Council on Competitiveness, chaired by the Vice
President, to oversee regulatory and other
competitiveness issues, such as reform of product
- more -
2
liability laws. A new Working Group will coordinate
and review Administration policy and regulations, and
will focus on enhancing applied research and on
streamlining risk-based regulation of new biotechnology
products to ensure safety and promote competitive
economic development.
Upgrading the Status of the Science Advisor and
Increasing the Budget for the Office of Science and
Technology Policy. -- The President has raised the
status of the Science Advisor to Assistant to the
President for Science and Technology. The Science
Advisor now participates in deliberations of the
Cabinet and of the Domestic and Economic Policy
Councils to ensure that science and technology issues
are fully reflected in Administration policy
development. In addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes
$3.3 million for OSTP, double the FY 1989 level.
Strengthening the Federal Coordinating Council on
Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) -- The
Science Advisor initiated action to improve the
interagency coordination apparatus for science and
technology by consolidating and enhancing the current
FCCSET committee structure. Building on the successful
experience of the FCCSET Committee on Earth Science,
new committees will be formed to coordinate Federal
efforts in education and human resource development,
materials science, and others.
Reinvigorating the Council on Environmental Quality
(CEQ) -- The President is committed to strengthening
the CEQ and to ensuring that it has the capacity to
serve as an effective source of environmental analysis
and information in the White House. Accordingly, the
President's FY 1991 budget increases CEQ's budget by 90
percent and CEQ's staff by 70 percent.
II. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities
A. Increased Investment in Federal R&D
The President has proposed a total of $71 billion
for research and development (R&D), including R&D
facilities, in his FY 1991 budget. This is an
increase of $4.5 billion, or 7 percent, over FY
1990 enacted levels.
Civilian R&D will increase by 12 percent, and
defense-related R&D will increase by 4 percent.
- more -
3
The President has also proposed to allocate $12
billion for basic research, an increase of $1
billion, or 8 percent, over FY 1990. Basic
research is an essential investment in the
nation's scientific and technological future,
including its future scientists and engineers.
B.
Science and Technology Education
The President has moved aggressively to address the
shortcomings in the nation's science and technology
education enterprise. He has set goals for the
nation's schools and students in science and math, and
the FY 1991 budget will provide over $1 billion in
direct spending in five agencies for science,
mathematics and engineering education.
O
National Science Foundation (NSF) -- NSF will
allocate $463 million in FY 1991, a 30 percent
increase over FY 1990, for a wide variety of
education activities to improve the quality of
teachers and students, the numbers of students
choosing science, math, or engineering careers,
and the numbers staying in those fields,
particularly those in traditionally under-
represented groups.
Department of Education. -- The Department will
continue to build on its strong relationships with
State educational entities. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $230 million, an increase of 69 percent,
for the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and
Science program, which provides funds to States to
implement improved programs for teaching math and
science. In addition, five million is requested
for the new National Science Scholars program to
recognize outstanding high school students by
providing fellowship support for them to study in
the fields of mathematics and science in college.
The Department will also launch an initiative
under its Upward Bound program to provide academic
assistance and encouragement to help disadvantaged
students pursue study in mathematics and science.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) -- NASA will allocate $51 million in FY
1991, an increase of 21 percent, for education
activities including the "Spacemobile" program,
teacher and student workshops and research
experiences at NASA laboratories, and special
efforts to increase minority participation in
science and engineering.
- more -
4
o
Department of Energy (DOE) -- DOE will provide
$25 million in FY 1991, a 47 percent increase, for
educational activities including support for
graduate and undergraduate students and high
school and university faculty. DOE will implement
a new program, in collaboration with the private
sector, to train high school faculty in the state-
of-the-art science and technology conducted at the
DOE laboratories.
o
National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The
research training grant program will be funded at
a level of $292 million, which will support almost
12,000 graduate trainees in research laboratories
throughout the nation.
C.
Doubling the Budget of the National Science Foundation
The President has maintained his strong commitment to
the importance of basic research by proposing $2.4
billion in budget authority, a more than 14 percent
increase, for the National Science Foundation in FY
1991. This will continue progress toward doubling the
NSF budget by FY 1993.
O
World-Class Research Equipment. -- The President
has also recognized that world-class science and
technology requires world-class research
equipment. He has supported the construction of a
replacement for the important radiotelescope at
Greenbank, West Virginia, and, for FY 1991, has
proposed the initiation or continuation of several
high-priority, specialized research facilities
including the National High Magnetic Field
Laboratory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational
Wave Observatory, and two 8-meter optical/infrared
telescopes.
Academic Research Facilities Modernization. -- In
addition to research support, the President will
also continue the Academic Research Facilities
modernization program begun by NSF in FY 1990.
Continuing the program will increase management
experience and permit evaluation of its impact on
U.S. science and technology.
O
U.S. Antarctic Program. -- NSF manages the U.S.
Antarctic Program for the government. This
program supports national goals in the Antarctic
and is the principal expression of the U.S.
presence on the Antarctic continent. The FY 1991
- more -
5
budget will expand an important environmental,
safety, and health initiative in the Antarctic to
ensure that this world scientific resource is
preserved and that the safety and health of
scientists working on the continent are assured.
D.
Understanding and Exploring Space
The President is committed to a continuing, active and
exciting American presence in space -- indeed, to
America's leadership in space science and exploration.
Overall, the FY 1991 budget proposes $15.2 billion for
NASA, an increase of $2.9 billion, or 24 percent.
NASA's budget has increased by almost 40 percent over
FY 1989.
O
Space Shuttle. -- The current fleet of three Space
Shuttles are the world's most versatile launch
vehicles. In FY 1989, the Space Shuttle fleet
completed four successful flights. The Space
Shuttle Columbia recently accomplished the
spectacular retrieval of the Long Duration
Exposure Facility. The FY 1991 budget proposes
$4.2 billion, an increase of 22 percent, for Space
Shuttle production and operations. This funding
will allow for a safe build-up to 10 Shuttle
flights, the delivery of the fourth Shuttle,
Endeavor, and enhancements such as the Advanced
Solid Rocket Motor and the Extended Duration
Orbiter capability.
Space Station Freedom. -- Space Station Freedom is
the largest international R&D project ever
undertaken. In FY 1989, the program underwent a
reevaluation that has resulted in a more
achievable program and funding profile. The FY
1991 budget continues the President's commitment
to the Space Station by proposing a total of $2.6
billion, an increase of 36 percent. This will
provide for the critical transition from design to
actual fabrication.
o
Moon/Mars Exploration. -- On July 20, 1989, the
President proposed that America undertake an
ambitious mission of manned exploration of the
solar system. This journey will begin with the
first step in the FY 1991 budget towards this new
goal -- nearly $1.3 billion, an increase of 47
percent -- to support robotic science missions and
to develop the pacing and innovative technologies
that will be needed. of particular interest is
the continued commitment of the Administration to
- more -
6
the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program. In
FY 1989 the National Space Council reviewed and
revised this program in keeping with a more stable
and sustainable pace of technology and funding.
Space Science and Applications. -- The U.S. is
committed to maintaining its world leadership in
space science. An exciting new era of discovery
has now begun in unmanned planetary exploration,
astronomy, and Earth observations. In 1989, three
important scientific missions were launched:
Magellan to Venus, Galileo to Jupiter, and the
Cosmic Background Explorer. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $3.3 billion, an increase of 22 percent,
for the continued support of missions planned for
launch in 1990 including the Hubble Space
Telescope, the Gamma Ray Observatory, and the
Ulysses mission to explore the Sun, and
development of future missions such as the Comet
Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby and the Cassini mission
to Saturn.
E.
Global Environmental Change
O
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) --
The U.S. is the world leader in global change
research. The President has endorsed the USGCRP,
a coordinated, multi-agency research program of
space- and ground-based research and observations
designed to provide a sound scientific basis for
rational policy decisionmaking on global change
issues. The FY 1991 budget proposes over $1
billion for this effort, an increase of 57
percent.
Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) -- On July 20, the
President also affirmed the importance of NASA's
contribution to the USGCRP, Mission to Planet
Earth. The largest part of this initiative
consists of a major new program for FY 1991, the
Earth Observing System, a series of space
platforms and instruments developed by the U.S.
Europe and Japan, which will collect a broad
spectrum of environmental data related to global
warming, drought, oceans, etc. MTPE will permit,
for the first time, an analysis of Earth as an
integrated system.
International Activities. -- The President
believes that continuing U.S. scientific
leadership is needed to address global
environmental issues. In the past year, the
- more -
7
President announced U.S. support for a worldwide
phaseout of chloroflurocarbon (CFC) production to
the extent safe substitutes are available. In
1990, the U.S. will host the Plenary Session of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) in February; a meeting of the world's
economic, scientific, and environmental officials
to discuss global environmental issues in the
Spring; and the first negotiation session on the
Framework Convention on Climate Change in late
Fall.
F.
Environment
O
Clean Air Act. -- The President demonstrated his
commitment to clean air by transmitting Clean Air
Act Amendments to Congress in July 1989. The
President's plan allows for both environmental
protection and economic development and is based
on a commitment to using the best science
available. In support of his Clean Air proposals,
the FY 1991 air research budget of the
Environmental Protection Agency will increase by
$8 million to a total of $95 million.
G.
The Superconducting Super Collider and High Energy
Physics
O
The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). -- The
SSC will provide an enormous advance in the
capability to explore the secrets of matter and
energy. Over the past year, the Department of
Energy has established the SSC laboratory at a
site near Dallas, Texas. The new laboratory team
is conducting a thorough reevaluation of all
technical systems with particular attention to
magnet design and technical performance of the
accelerator. In FY 1989, research continued on
the design and testing of magnets. Approximately
8,000 magnets will be used in the 53-mile SSC
tunnel. In addition, during FY 1989, DOE
continued work on the site-specific Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS). The EIS is necessary
before DOE makes a decision on the "footprint" of
the SSC and starts acquiring land for the project.
High Energy and Nuclear Physics. -- The President
supports a robust program of research in the areas
of high-energy and nuclear physics, which offer
the prospects of increasing our knowledge of the
basic constituents of matter. Last year,
- more -
8
scientists discovered and conducted measurements
of the Z-nought particle utilizing the recently
upgraded Stanford Linear Collider. The Z-nought
particle is important because it transmits one of
the basic forces between elementary particles.
The FY 1991 budget provides a funding increase of
8 percent to continue research at Stanford and the
three other large accelerator centers: the
Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, the
Cornell Electron Storage Ring in New York State,
and the Fermilab National Laboratory.
H.
Life Sciences
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). -- The
Administration remains committed to making
continued progress against HIV and AIDS. Five
therapies have been approved for use, and since
January 1989 over 35 clinical trials have been
initiated in a search for additional therapeutic
drugs. The Administration has recently taken
action to enable State Medicaid programs to cover
the costs of the drug AZT for HIV-infected
individuals who do not yet exhibit AIDS symptoms.
The FY 1991 budget proposes $3.5 billion in total
for HIV/AIDS research, treatment, prevention and
income support, an increase of 18 percent.
Human Genome Project. -- The evolution of genetic
engineering techniques over the last decade has
enabled the initiation of one of the most exciting
science projects ever undertaken -- the
development of a map of the full complement of
human genetic material (the human genome). Such
an undertaking will vastly increase our
understanding of the nature and cause of many
diseases. Over the past year, important advances
have already been made, such as the identification
of the gene that accounts for a large proportion
of all cystic fibrosis cases. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $108 million for the National Institutes
of Health and $46 million for the Department of
Energy to pursue collaboratively this important
project.
Biotechnology. -- Recent breakthroughs in
biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA techniques,
cell fusion and gene therapy, offer unprecedented
opportunities for improving the nation's
productivity, health, and well-being. Increasing
Federal investment in basic biotechnology research
- more -
9
will spur further advances, as will initiatives
that improve payoffs on investments. The FY 1991
budget proposes $3.6 billion for biotechnology
R&D, an increase of 6 percent over 1990.
Agricultural Research Initiative. -- American
farmers are among the most productive in the
world. New techniques in genetics, molecular and
cell biology have led to innovative approaches
that will enhance our ability to produce food,
while addressing concerns of safety, nutrition and
the environment. The FY 1991 budget will launch a
National Research Initiative to more than double
the size of USDA's competitive grants program.
This will expand funds for plant and animal
biotechnology to $50 million, with a particular
emphasis on mapping the genome of important crop
plants. Like the Human Genome Initiative, this
effort will create new opportunities to explore
the genetic potential of plants.
I.
Energy
National Energy Strategy. -- The President has
directed Secretary of Energy Watkins to develop a
National Energy Strategy to guide the
Administration's energy policies and programs.
The Department has held two rounds of public
hearings and plans to issue a draft document in
April. A key element of the strategy will be a
blueprint for future energy R&D programs and
activities.
Clean Coal Technology. -- The Administration is
committed to a $2.5 billion program to demonstrate
emerging clean coal technologies. This program
will provide additional cost-effective
alternatives for reducing acid rain.
Solar/Renewables and Energy Conservation R&D. --
The President is committed to assisting the
development of emerging technologies that offer
the potential to provide new sources of energy as
well as new ways to use it more efficiently, while
protecting the environment. On January 26, 1990,
the Department of Energy announced a new 11-point
initiative in this area. The FY 1991 budget
provides an increase of 8 percent in funding for
conservation, solar and other renewable energy
technology R&D.
- more -
10
Enhanced oil and Gas Recovery Research. -- Up to
two-thirds of oil and gas reserves are still left
in the ground with conventional recovery
techniques. In order to stimulate the use of new
technologies to increase production from these
existing fields, the President proposed four new
tax initiatives, including a 10 percent credit for
new tertiary enhanced recovery projects. In
addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes $17 million
to establish oil and gas geosciences research
consortia with industry and universities to
advance the science underlying oil and gas
recovery.
J.
Advanced Technology
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) -- The FY 1991 budget proposes $198
million for NIST, a 21 percent increase over the
1990 enacted level, and includes substantial
increases for core NIST research programs such as
robotics, lightwave technology, quality chemical
measurements, and advanced semiconductor
measurement. NIST research programs form the
basis for the development of the measurements and
standards on which U.S. industries depend. The FY
1991 budget also includes increased funding for
improvements to NIST facilities. In addition, the
budget includes funding for two programs to
encourage the development and transfer to the
private sector of a wide range of advanced
technologies.
-- Manufacturing Technology Centers. -- The
budget proposes to continue funding for these
centers, requesting $5 million in FY 1991.
This program provides matching grants to
universities or non-profit organizations to
establish centers for the transfer of
innovative, advanced manufacturing technology
to small and medium-sized businesses.
-- Advanced Technology Program (ATP). -- The
budget requests $10 million in FY 1991, the
1990 funding level, for this program. The
ATP will provide seed money to industry-led
consortia doing generic, pre-competitive
research into promising technologies.
Magnetic Levitation Transportation. -- The FY 1991
budget proposes nearly $10 million for R&D on this
- more -
11
emerging technology, an increase of almost 400
percent. These efforts are being carried out by
both the Department of Transportation (about $6
million) and the Army Corps of Engineers (almost
$4 million). Each agency is pursuing a public-
private partnership designed to facilitate private
development of an operational maglev system in the
U.S.
K.
National Security
DOD Technology Base. -- The President supports a
strong technology base to develop options for
future weapons systems and to guard against
technological surprise by adversaries. The FY
1991 budget includes $3.4 billion for the
technology base (basic and applied research)
funded through the Department of Defense. This
will support programs ranging from basic research
in the physical sciences to development of high-
speed semiconductors for use in advanced
communications systems and computers.
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) -- The SDI
program remains a high priority of the President.
The FY 1991 budget requests $4.5 billion for SDI,
an increase of $0.9 billion over 1990. The SDI
program is developing options for strategic
defenses based on advanced technologies.
Particular emphasis is being placed on promising
new concepts such as the "Brilliant Pebbles" small
space-based interceptor missiles.
III. Encouraging Increased Private Sector R&D Investment
Private sector investment accounts for about 50 percent
of the total national investment in R&D. In addition,
the private sector is the principal performer for R&D
and is ultimately responsible for transforming R&D
results into useful new products and processes. The
Administration has taken a number of steps to encourage
increased private sector R&D investment and
technological innovation.
Encouraging Savings and Investment. -- The
President is proposing the Family Savings Account
to stimulate increased savings that provide the
resources needed for investments in the future.
In addition, the President is proposing to lower
the tax on capital gains in order to promote
increased entrepreneurial activity and investment.
- more -
12
Research and Experimentation Tax Credit. -- The
President again proposes to make permanent the 20
percent tax credit targeted specifically to
research and experimentation (R&E) by allowing 100
percent of total research expenses to be used for
the computation of the credit for all years after
December 31, 1989. In 1989, the Congress enacted
a short-term extension in response to the
President's proposal of last February.
Encouraging R&D by Transnational Companies. -- The
President proposes to make permanent the rules, as
modified by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
of 1989, for the allocation of foreign and
domestic R&E expenditures for companies with
foreign operations. The proposal would also allow
100 percent of U.S. expenditures to be covered
rather than the current 75 percent. This proposal
would apply to all tax years beginning after
August 1, 1990, when the current rules expire.
Intellectual Property. -- The President is
committed to pursuing aggressively improved
international protection of intellectual property.
The current negotiations in the Uruguay Round of
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade are an
important forum for this activity.
Tort Reform/New Product Liability. -- The
Administration has endorsed changes in product
liability laws to help restore balance to the tort
system, to increase competitiveness, and to reduce
uncertainty, particularly for new products, while
providing incentives to produce safe products.
# # #
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
February 2, 1990
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS
AND INITIATIVES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION
FACT SHEET
The President announced today the appointment of the members of
the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST). This distinguished panel of scientists, engineers and
industry leaders will provide high-level advice directly to the
President on a wide range of important issues concerning science
and technology.
Advances in science and technology are a key to increased
economic competitiveness and improving our quality of life. The
President's action today caps a year of vigorous activity by the
Administration to advance science and technology issues on a
broad front. The three broad areas of activity are summarized
below:
I. Strengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy
II. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities
III. Encouraging Increased Private Sector Research and
Development Investment
I.
Strengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy
Establishing the National Space Council. -- The
President issued an Executive Order on April 20, 1989,
establishing the National Space Council, chaired by the
Vice President. The Space Council provides advice and
assistance to the President on space policy and
strategy and monitors and coordinates the
implementation of space policy among the civil,
national security and commercial space sectors.
Establishing the Administration's Council on
Competitiveness. -- The President established the
Council on Competitiveness, chaired by the Vice
President, to oversee regulatory and other
competitiveness issues, such as reform of product
- more -
2
liability laws. A new Working Group will coordinate
and review Administration policy and regulations, and
will focus on enhancing applied research and on
streamlining risk-based regulation of new biotechnology
products to ensure safety and promote competitive
economic development.
Upgrading the Status of the Science Advisor and
Increasing the Budget for the Office of Science and
Technology Policy. -- The President has raised the
status of the Science Advisor to Assistant to the
President for Science and Technology. The Science
Advisor now participates in deliberations of the
Cabinet and of the Domestic and Economic Policy
Councils to ensure that science and technology issues
are fully reflected in Administration policy
development. In addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes
$3.3 million for OSTP, double the FY 1989 level.
Strengthening the Federal Coordinating Council on
Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) -- The
Science Advisor initiated action to improve the
interagency coordination apparatus for science and
technology by consolidating and enhancing the current
FCCSET committee structure. Building on the successful
experience of the FCCSET Committee on Earth Science,
new committees will be formed to coordinate Federal
efforts in education and human resource development,
materials science, and others.
Reinvigorating the Council on Environmental Quality
(CEQ) -- The President is committed to strengthening
the CEQ and to ensuring that it has the capacity to
serve as an effective source of environmental analysis
and information in the White House. Accordingly, the
President's FY 1991 budget increases CEQ's budget by 90
percent and CEQ's staff by 70 percent.
II. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities
A. Increased Investment in Federal R&D
O
The President has proposed a total of $71 billion
for research and development (R&D), including R&D
facilities, in his FY 1991 budget. This is an
increase of $4.5 billion, or 7 percent, over FY
1990 enacted levels.
Civilian R&D will increase by 12 percent, and
defense-related R&D will increase by 4 percent.
- more -
3
The President has also proposed to allocate $12
billion for basic research, an increase of $1
billion, or 8 percent, over FY 1990. Basic
research is an essential investment in the
nation's scientific and technological future,
including its future scientists and engineers.
B.
Science and Technology Education
The President has moved aggressively to address the
shortcomings in the nation's science and technology
education enterprise. He has set goals for the
nation's schools and students in science and math, and
the FY 1991 budget will provide over $1 billion in
direct spending in five agencies for science,
mathematics and engineering education.
National Science Foundation (NSF) -- NSF will
allocate $463 million in FY 1991, a 30 percent
increase over FY 1990, for a wide variety of
education activities to improve the quality of
teachers and students, the numbers of students
choosing science, math, or engineering careers,
and the numbers staying in those fields,
particularly those in traditionally under-
represented groups.
Department of Education. -- The Department will
continue to build on its strong relationships with
State educational entities. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $230 million, an increase of 69 percent,
for the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and
Science program, which provides funds to States to
implement improved programs for teaching math and
science. In addition, five million is requested
for the new National Science Scholars program to
recognize outstanding high school students by
providing fellowship support for them to study in
the fields of mathematics and science in college.
The Department will also launch an initiative
under its Upward Bound program to provide academic
assistance and encouragement to help disadvantaged
students pursue study in mathematics and science.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) -- NASA will allocate $51 million in FY
1991, an increase of 21 percent, for education
activities including the "Spacemobile" program,
teacher and student workshops and research
experiences at NASA laboratories, and special
efforts to increase minority participation in
science and engineering.
- more -
4
Department of Energy (DOE) -- DOE will provide
$25 million in FY 1991, a 47 percent increase, for
educational activities including support for
graduate and undergraduate students and high
school and university faculty. DOE will implement
a new program, in collaboration with the private
sector, to train high school faculty in the state-
of-the-art science and technology conducted at the
DOE laboratories.
O
National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The
research training grant program will be funded at
a level of $292 million, which will support almost
12,000 graduate trainees in research laboratories
throughout the nation.
C.
Doubling the Budget of the National Science Foundation
The President has maintained his strong commitment to
the importance of basic research by proposing $2.4
billion in budget authority, a more than 14 percent
increase, for the National Science Foundation in FY
1991. This will continue progress toward doubling the
NSF budget by FY 1993.
O
World-Class Research Equipment. -- The President
has also recognized that world-class science and
technology requires world-class research
equipment. He has supported the construction of a
replacement for the important radiotelescope at
Greenbank, West Virginia, and, for FY 1991, has
proposed the initiation or continuation of several
high-priority, specialized research facilities
including the National High Magnetic Field
Laboratory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational
Wave Observatory, and two 8-meter optical/infrared
telescopes.
O
Academic Research Facilities Modernization. -- In
addition to research support, the President will
also continue the Academic Research Facilities
modernization program begun by NSF in FY 1990.
Continuing the program will increase management
experience and permit evaluation of its impact on
U.S. science and technology.
U.S. Antarctic Program. -- NSF manages the U.S.
Antarctic Program for the government. This
program supports national goals in the Antarctic
and is the principal expression of the U.S.
presence on the Antarctic continent. The FY 1991
- more -
5
budget will expand an important environmental,
safety, and health initiative in the Antarctic to
ensure that this world scientific resource is
preserved and that the safety and health of
scientists working on the continent are assured.
D.
Understanding and Exploring Space
The President is committed to a continuing, active and
exciting American presence in space -- indeed, to
America's leadership in space science and exploration.
Overall, the FY 1991 budget proposes $15.2 billion for
NASA, an increase of $2.9 billion, or 24 percent.
NASA's budget has increased by almost 40 percent over
FY 1989.
O
Space Shuttle. -- The current fleet of three Space
Shuttles are the world's most versatile launch
vehicles. In FY 1989, the Space Shuttle fleet
completed four successful flights. The Space
Shuttle Columbia recently accomplished the
spectacular retrieval of the Long Duration
Exposure Facility. The FY 1991 budget proposes
$4.2 billion, an increase of 22 percent, for Space
Shuttle production and operations. This funding
will allow for a safe build-up to 10 Shuttle
flights, the delivery of the fourth Shuttle,
Endeavor, and enhancements such as the Advanced
Solid Rocket Motor and the Extended Duration
Orbiter capability.
Space Station Freedom. -- Space Station Freedom is
the largest international R&D project ever
undertaken. In FY 1989, the program underwent a
reevaluation that has resulted in a more
achievable program and funding profile. The FY
1991 budget continues the President's commitment
to the Space Station by proposing a total of $2.6
billion, an increase of 36 percent. This will
provide for the critical transition from design to
actual fabrication.
O
Moon/Mars Exploration. -- On July 20, 1989, the
President proposed that America undertake an
ambitious mission of manned exploration of the
solar system. This journey will begin with the
first step in the FY 1991 budget towards this new
goal -- nearly $1.3 billion, an increase of 47
percent -- to support robotic science missions and
to develop the pacing and innovative technologies
that will be needed. of particular interest is
the continued commitment of the Administration to
- more -
6
the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program. In
FY 1989 the National Space Council reviewed and
revised this program in keeping with a more stable
and sustainable pace of technology and funding.
Space Science and Applications. -- The U.S. is
committed to maintaining its world leadership in
space science. An exciting new era of discovery
has now begun in unmanned planetary exploration,
astronomy, and Earth observations. In 1989, three
important scientific missions were launched:
Magellan to Venus, Galileo to Jupiter, and the
Cosmic Background Explorer. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $3.3 billion, an increase of 22 percent,
for the continued support of missions planned for
launch in 1990 including the Hubble Space
Telescope, the Gamma Ray Observatory, and the
Ulysses mission to explore the Sun, and
development of future missions such as the Comet
Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby and the Cassini mission
to Saturn.
E.
Global Environmental Change
O
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) --
The U.S. is the world leader in global change
research. The President has endorsed the USGCRP,
a coordinated, multi-agency research program of
space- and ground-based research and observations
designed to provide a sound scientific basis for
rational policy decisionmaking on global change
issues. The FY 1991 budget proposes over $1
billion for this effort, an increase of 57
percent.
Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) -- On July 20, the
President also affirmed the importance of NASA's
contribution to the USGCRP, Mission to Planet
Earth. The largest part of this initiative
consists of a major new program for FY 1991, the
Earth Observing System, a series of space
platforms and instruments developed by the U.S.,
Europe and Japan, which will collect a broad
spectrum of environmental data related to global
warming, drought, oceans, etc. MTPE will permit,
for the first time, an analysis of Earth as an
integrated system.
International Activities. -- The President
believes that continuing U.S. scientific
leadership is needed to address global
environmental issues. In the past year, the
- more -
7
President announced U.S. support for a worldwide
phaseout of chloroflurocarbon (CFC) production to
the extent safe substitutes are available. In
1990, the U.S. will host the Plenary Session of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) in February; a meeting of the world's
economic, scientific, and environmental officials
to discuss global environmental issues in the
Spring; and the first negotiation session on the
Framework Convention on Climate Change in late
Fall.
F.
Environment
O
Clean Air Act. -- The President demonstrated his
commitment to clean air by transmitting Clean Air
Act Amendments to Congress in July 1989. The
President's plan allows for both environmental
protection and economic development and is based
on a commitment to using the best science
available. In support of his Clean Air proposals,
the FY 1991 air research budget of the
Environmental Protection Agency will increase by
$8 million to a total of $95 million.
G.
The Superconducting Super Collider and High Energy
Physics
O
The Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) -- The
SSC will provide an enormous advance in the
capability to explore the secrets of matter and
energy. Over the past year, the Department of
Energy has established the SSC laboratory at a
site near Dallas, Texas. The new laboratory team
is conducting a thorough reevaluation of all
technical systems with particular attention to
magnet design and technical performance of the
accelerator. In FY 1989, research continued on
the design and testing of magnets. Approximately
8,000 magnets will be used in the 53-mile SSC
tunnel. In addition, during FY 1989, DOE
continued work on the site-specific Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS). The EIS is necessary
before DOE makes a decision on the "footprint" of
the SSC and starts acquiring land for the project.
O
High Energy and Nuclear Physics. -- The President
supports a robust program of research in the areas
of high-energy and nuclear physics, which offer
the prospects of increasing our knowledge of the
basic constituents of matter. Last year,
- more -
8
scientists discovered and conducted measurements
of the Z-nought particle utilizing the recently
upgraded Stanford Linear Collider. The Z-nought
particle is important because it transmits one of
the basic forces between elementary particles.
The FY 1991 budget provides a funding increase of
8 percent to continue research at Stanford and the
three other large accelerator centers: the
Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, the
Cornell Electron Storage Ring in New York State,
and the Fermilab National Laboratory.
H.
Life Sciences
O
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). -- The
Administration remains committed to making
continued progress against HIV and AIDS. Five
therapies have been approved for use, and since
January 1989 over 35 clinical trials have been
initiated in a search for additional therapeutic
drugs. The Administration has recently taken
action to enable State Medicaid programs to cover
the costs of the drug AZT for HIV-infected
individuals who do not yet exhibit AIDS symptoms.
The FY 1991 budget proposes $3.5 billion in total
for HIV/AIDS research, treatment, prevention and
income support, an increase of 18 percent.
Human Genome Project. -- The evolution of genetic
engineering techniques over the last decade has
enabled the initiation of one of the most exciting
science projects ever undertaken -- the
development of a map of the full complement of
human genetic material (the human genome). Such
an undertaking will vastly increase our
understanding of the nature and cause of many
diseases. Over the past year, important advances
have already been made, such as the identification
of the gene that accounts for a large proportion
of all cystic fibrosis cases. The FY 1991 budget
proposes $108 million for the National Institutes
of Health and $46 million for the Department of
Energy to pursue collaboratively this important
project.
Biotechnology. -- Recent breakthroughs in
biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA techniques,
cell fusion and gene therapy, offer unprecedented
opportunities for improving the nation's
productivity, health, and well-being. Increasing
Federal investment in basic biotechnology research
- more -
9
will spur further advances, as will initiatives
that improve payoffs on investments. The FY 1991
budget proposes $3.6 billion for biotechnology
R&D, an increase of 6 percent over 1990.
Agricultural Research Initiative. -- American
farmers are among the most productive in the
world. New techniques in genetics, molecular and
cell biology have led to innovative approaches
that will enhance our ability to produce food,
while addressing concerns of safety, nutrition and
the environment. The FY 1991 budget will launch a
National Research Initiative to more than double
the size of USDA's competitive grants program.
This will expand funds for plant and animal
biotechnology to $50 million, with a particular
emphasis on mapping the genome of important crop
plants. Like the Human Genome Initiative, this
effort will create new opportunities to explore
the genetic potential of plants.
I.
Energy
O
National Energy Strategy. -- The President has
directed Secretary of Energy Watkins to develop a
National Energy Strategy to guide the
Administration's energy policies and programs.
The Department has held two rounds of public
hearings and plans to issue a draft document in
April. A key element of the strategy will be a
blueprint for future energy R&D programs and
activities.
Clean Coal Technology. -- The Administration is
committed to a $2.5 billion program to demonstrate
emerging clean coal technologies. This program
will provide additional cost-effective
alternatives for reducing acid rain.
Solar/Renewables and Energy Conservation R&D. --
The President is committed to assisting the
development of emerging technologies that offer
the potential to provide new sources of energy as
well as new ways to use it more efficiently, while
protecting the environment. On January 26, 1990,
the Department of Energy announced a new 11-point
initiative in this area. The FY 1991 budget
provides an increase of 8 percent in funding for
conservation, solar and other renewable energy
technology R&D.
- more -
10
Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery Research. -- Up to
two-thirds of oil and gas reserves are still left
in the ground with conventional recovery
techniques. In order to stimulate the use of new
technologies to increase production from these
existing fields, the President proposed four new
tax initiatives, including a 10 percent credit for
new tertiary enhanced recovery projects. In
addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes $17 million
to establish oil and gas geosciences research
consortia with industry and universities to
advance the science underlying oil and gas
recovery.
J.
Advanced Technology
O
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST). -- The FY 1991 budget proposes $198
million for NIST, a 21 percent increase over the
1990 enacted level, and includes substantial
increases for core NIST research programs such as
robotics, lightwave technology, quality chemical
measurements, and advanced semiconductor
measurement. NIST research programs form the
basis for the development of the measurements and
standards on which U.S. industries depend. The FY
1991 budget also includes increased funding for
improvements to NIST facilities. In addition, the
budget includes funding for two programs to
encourage the development and transfer to the
private sector of a wide range of advanced
technologies.
-- Manufacturing Technology Centers. -- The
budget proposes to continue funding for these
centers, requesting $5 million in FY 1991.
This program provides matching grants to
universities or non-profit organizations to
establish centers for the transfer of
innovative, advanced manufacturing technology
to small and medium-sized businesses.
-- Advanced Technology Program (ATP). -- The
budget requests $10 million in FY 1991, the
1990 funding level, for this program. The
ATP will provide seed money to industry-led
consortia doing generic, pre-competitive
research into promising technologies.
Magnetic Levitation Transportation. -- The FY 1991
budget proposes nearly $10 million for R&D on this
- more -
11
emerging technology, an increase of almost 400
percent. These efforts are being carried out by
both the Department of Transportation (about $6
million) and the Army Corps of Engineers (almost
$4 million). Each agency is pursuing a public-
private partnership designed to facilitate private
development of an operational maglev system in the
U.S.
K.
National Security
DOD Technology Base. -- The President supports a
strong technology base to develop options for
future weapons systems and to guard against
technological surprise by adversaries. The FY
1991 budget includes $3.4 billion for the
technology base (basic and applied research)
funded through the Department of Defense. This
will support programs ranging from basic research
in the physical sciences to development of high-
speed semiconductors for use in advanced
communications systems and computers.
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) -- The SDI
program remains a high priority of the President.
The FY 1991 budget requests $4.5 billion for SDI,
an increase of $0.9 billion over 1990. The SDI
program is developing options for strategic
defenses based on advanced technologies.
Particular emphasis is being placed on promising
new concepts such as the "Brilliant Pebbles" small
space-based interceptor missiles.
III. Encouraging Increased Private Sector R&D Investment
Private sector investment accounts for about 50 percent
of the total national investment in R&D. In addition,
the private sector is the principal performer for R&D
and is ultimately responsible for transforming R&D
results into useful new products and processes. The
Administration has taken a number of steps to encourage
increased private sector R&D investment and
technological innovation.
Encouraging Savings and Investment. -- The
President is proposing the Family Savings Account
to stimulate increased savings that provide the
resources needed for investments in the future.
In addition, the President is proposing to lower
the tax on capital gains in order to promote
increased entrepreneurial activity and investment.
- more -
12
Research and Experimentation Tax Credit. -- The
President again proposes to make permanent the 20
percent tax credit targeted specifically to
research and experimentation (R&E) by allowing 100
percent of total research expenses to be used for
the computation of the credit for all years after
December 31, 1989. In 1989, the Congress enacted
a short-term extension in response to the
President's proposal of last February.
Encouraging R&D by Transnational Companies. -- The
President proposes to make permanent the rules, as
modified by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
of 1989, for the allocation of foreign and
domestic R&E expenditures for companies with
foreign operations. The proposal would also allow
100 percent of U.S. expenditures to be covered
rather than the current 75 percent. This proposal
would apply to all tax years beginning after
August 1, 1990, when the current rules expire.
Intellectual Property. -- The President is
committed to pursuing aggressively improved
international protection of intellectual property.
The current negotiations in the Uruguay Round of
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade are an
important forum for this activity.
Tort Reform/New Product Liability. -- The
Administration has endorsed changes in product
liability laws to help restore balance to the tort
system, to increase competitiveness, and to reduce
uncertainty, particularly for new products, while
providing incentives to produce safe products.
# # #
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
April 23, 1990
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
National Academy of Sciences Headquarters Building
Washington, D.C.
2:09 P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Apologies for being late. To the
distinguished members of the National Academy all. And to Dr.
Press and Dr. Ebert, Dr. Raven, Dr. Gordon, Dr. Blout. Now we start
on our side -- Dr. Bromley. (Laughter.) Jim Watkins, a member of
our Cabinet. Admiral Truly, ladies and gentlemen: it really is an
honor to be with you today.
We stand at a very interesting time. And the advice and
council of this academy has been really crucial to American
presidents for well over a century. And I'm proud to be the latest
to come over here to say thank you. We also stand at a moment of
wondrous prosperity. But our wealth goes far beyond the merely
material. Ours is an intellectual prosperity, unprecedented in
history. For that and the health and security it affords this nation
and the world, gratitude is owed to the men and women who have
committed their minds and lives to science.
Those devoted to such work -- its patient searching, its
passionate struggles have engaged themselves in mankind's most
exalted mission and the mind's manifest destiny: the search for
understanding. That's what it all boils down to.
President Lincoln established this great institution in
the dark hours of our nation's greatest crisis -- which testifies to
the enduring importance of scientific knowledge. In the years that
followed, your academy has responded to urgent national needs in
times of war and peace.
When this magnificent building was dedicated, Calvin
Coolidge predicted "a new day in scientific research. A new sun is
rising, he said. He was right. The awesome scientific advances of
this century, many of which you've brought about, bring us ever
closer to the understanding that's required of the universe, its
origins, and our own. And science has told us a stranger and more
wondrous story than myth might ever have written for us.
Fourscore and 10 or 20 billion years ago, the theory
goes, it all began -- with a universe of energy and mass unimaginably
hot and compressed, containing everything that would become what we
now see in the heavens. And then, science tells us, in one
incomprehensively powerful instant, energy and matter of every kind
exploded in every direction. or as a layman might explain it,
somebody hit that cosmic baseball right out of the park. (Laughter.)
But while the pace of cosmic change may have begin with
blinding speed and slowed down since, the pace of our scientific
evolution has been rapidly accelerating. Growing in intensity like a
series of chain reactions in a critical mass of highly-trained
American grey matter touching off scientific and technical
revolutions in every direction.
Today, I wanted to come over here to outline the role
that this administration is playing to advance those revolutions.
Because as the pace of science accelerates, I believe that government
must keep pace -- and will keep pace.
MORE
- 2 -
First, we've moved to better integrate science and
technology into the policy process. We've created an interagency
working group that will more closely link science and technology --
link their considerations with the policy-making process of the
Economic and Domestic Policy Councils.
My Assistant for Science and Technology, Dr. Bromley,
chairs this working group and participates in those councils,
advising them on matters related to science and technology, as well
as serving on the National Space Council.
And we're also committed to greater cross-fertilization
with talent from the private sector, on issues ranging from pure
research to manufacturing performance. So this year we created a
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology experts
whose guidance I value and depend on. I've already had two meetings
with that group, myself. We'll also be looking for counsel from this
academy's new manufacturing forum, just announced this month.
We want to advance America's tradition of innovation, and
we intend to get the biggest bang for the federal buck. And this
administration has also taken steps to reinvigorate the Federal
Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology, in
order to assure that the federal investments in R&D programs are
closely integrated across these agency boundaries.
In January, we sent a budget to Congres that includes a
record $71 billion for research and development; an investment in a
stronger economy, a more secure nation and, indeed, a brighter
future. Our administration is committed to investing in the future;
it's evident in the policies we're creating and the budget we're
calling for, with everything from a 24-percent increase for NASA, to
our support of a major agricultural research initiative.
To improve the international competitiveness of American
industry and our overall standard of living, we've called for a
permanent extension of the research and experimentation tax credit.
And we're working to lower the cost of capital and clear away
regulatory burdens so that industry can make the kinds of investment
that the future demands.
Along with the applied, market-driven knowledge so
crucial to this country's competitive future, let me reaffirm two
other priorities:
First and I'm going to keep talking about this one --
math and science education. We understand that only with a new
generation of scientists and engineers will your work and America's
preeminence be assured. And so we're engaged in a broad initiative
of reform and restructuring in cooperation with the states. It's an
effort that began with our first-ever education summit with the
nation's governors last fall. And our goal is to make American
students first in the world in science and math achievement by the
end of this century, and to convince more women and minorities to
study science.
We're providing a number of new incentives for students,
like the National Science Scholars Program that I've proposed. We're
opening the doors of federal laboratories, facilities, and agencies
to students and teachers. Our budget increases funding by 26 percent
to over $1 billion for science, math, and engineering education,
through the Departments of Education, Energy, Interior and others, as
well as the National Science Foundation and NASA.
And today, I ask our industrial and business communities
to create new alliances for education, mobilizing more of this
nation's great technical resources for the sake of the future. We
are committed to ensuring that America has the brainpower to remain
at the forefront.
A second priority of this administration is basic
MORE
- 3 -
research the historical wellspring of this nation's well-being.
Science must be able to continue seeking answers to our most
fundamental questions.
For such reasons our budget calls for increasing funding
for the U.S. Global Change Research Program by 57 percent, to over $1
billion. And earlier this year, I reiterated my commitment to double
the National Science Foundation budget by 1993. Today, I want to
call on Congress put our money where our future is. Put an
increased National Science Foundation budget back on track.
Today, science and technology are assuming a broader and
more interrelated role in human life than ever before. And they're
becoming forces for historical change.
Satellites already help us study the Earth's natural
systems and assess environmental threats. And the mission to Planet
Earth will further our work of global stewardship.
But this past year, in the Revolution of '89, we've also
seen communication satellites, along with video cameras and VCRs and
FAX machines, becoming a potent force for peace -- both a product of
science and a source of conscience -- bringing the actions of nations
before the eyes of the world.
Pictures from Poland and South Africa, scenes on the
Berlin Wall the eye of technology has proved more powerful than
chisels for breaking down barriers, etching the idea of freedom on
the psyche of humanity, and setting off a wondrous, hopeful,
political chain reaction worldwide.
It's no accident that many of the individuals at the
center of today's worldwide political revolutions share a vision of
the future based on personal freedom, openness, and freedom of
inquiry. These values are shared by our political system and by
science alike. Science, like any field of endeavor, relies on
freedom of inquiry. And one of the hallmarks of that freedom is
objectivity.
Now more than ever on issues ranging from climate
change to AIDS research, to genetic engineering, to food additives
-- government relies on the impartial perspective of science for
guidance. And as the frontiers of knowledge are increasingly distant
from the understanding of the many, it is ever more important that we
can turn to the few for sound, straightforward advice.
The National Academy of Sciences is renowned for
objectivity and immunity to partisan pressures. Your impartial
guidance has been invaluable to American presidents and to the
American people for well over a century. So I am confident that the
members of this body, the most distinguished scientists in America,
will continue the tradition that has been the Academy's hallmark.
On this I know we agree, because so many of our technical
and scientific achievemens have been the products of independent
minds. And if the Earth-moving events of 1989 reminded us of
anything at all, it's that complex bureaucracies and centralized
planning don't work well in the governance of societies. We will not
try to impose them on science.
Just as entrepreneurs and small businesses fuel the
growth of the American economy, the backbone of American science is
its brilliant array of individual investigators spread across the
nation.
Among so many, think of Chester Carlson, who invented the
photocopy machine in a little room over a Long Island pub. or
Barbara McClintock, working alone, who made monumental discoveries in
genetics nearly 50 years ago that the world began to understand only
in the last decade.
Look, of course, I can't claim to comprehend how science
MORE
- 4 -
does its work. Like many, my scientific understanding has been
influenced by those Gary Larson cartoons. (Laughter.) Like the one
where, after detailed calculations, Einstein discovers that time is
actually money.
I'm not here as an expert, but as a believer. And one of
the best things government can do to support the magnificent
creativity and energy of the American technical community is to
locate individual scientists with talent, furnish them with adequate
resources and state-of-the-art instrumentation -- through agencies
like our marvelous National Institutes of Health, the National
Science Foundation, and then the Departments of Defense and Energy
and others - to help these investigators make progress.
But there are also scientific challenges that, because of
their unprecedented scope and importance, demand unusual support and
international cooperation. Already, the European Space Agency,
Japan, and Canada are making hardware contributions valued at more
than $7 billion for Space Station Freedom, a key component of our
Space Exploration Initiative. Combined with our total investment of
about $19 billion, this will be the largest international R&D project
ever undertaken.
We're exploring new ways to encourage international
cooperation on the big science projects, like mapping the human
genome, global change research, and the superconducting super
collider - -- a technological giant that will recreate the fireball of
our origins and allow us to study forms of matter that haven't
existed since the birth of the universe.
There's a vote coming up in Congress this week on that
super collider, so I'd like to call on the members to support that
project, as well as our NASA budget. Only by doing so will we keep
America on the leading edge of advancing human knowledge and pushing
the limits of space exploration.
Tomorrow morning, the space shuttle is scheduled to lift
into the heavens the most sophisticated celestial object that mankind
has ever built - the Hubble Telescope - with the power to see the
ends of the universe and back to the birth of time. I understand
it's half a billion times more sensitive than the human eye. You
talk about the vision thing try on the Hubble Telescope for size.
(Laughter.)
But on the southwest grounds of this great academy rests a
bronze memorial to a scientist who helped define mankind's
understanding of time and space, of matter and energy. Among the
engravings on that memorial are words of wonder -- about the "joy and
amazement," Einstein felt, "at the beauty and grandeur of this world
of which man can just form a faint notion." Your work, the work of
science, daily brings that beauty and grandeur into sharper focus.
I'm blessed to be President at this fascinating time in
the history of the world, in the history of our country. And as
President, I can assure you of this: my administration is committed
to supporting you as you pursue the knowledge that illuminates the
world. Knowledge that will surely, ceaselessly continue to bring
benefit to all mankind.
Thank you very much for what you do, and God bless each
and every one of you. Thank you.
END
2:28 P.M. EDT
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
November 13, 1990
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT PRESENTATION OF
NATIONAL MEDALS OF SCIENCE AND NATIONAL MEDALS OF TECHNOLOGY
The East Room
2:01 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Welcome everybody. Thank you all.
Please be seated and delighted to see you here. Pleased to see
Secretary Mosbacher, our Secretary of Commerce; Secretary Watkins,
Secretary of Energy. And, of course ,Dr. Bromley; Admiral Truly,
right here in front, of NASA. Mike -- Governor Castle, good to see
you, sir. And we especially want to greet our honored guests, this
extraordinary gathering of scientific and technological genius.
Welcome to the White House and welcome to the presentation of the
1990 National Medals of Science and the National Medals of
Technology.
The timing of these awards is fortuitous. A year ago
this week, Barbara and I awarded medals to some of the artistic
giants of our time: Alfred Eisenstaedt and Dizzy Gillespie and John
Updike, among others. And with all that assembled talent, guess what
led the evening news. The Rose Garden presentation of the National
Turkey. (Laughter.) So you're in luck. (Laughter.) This year the
turkey doesn't arrive until Thursday. (Laughter.)
And this gathering marks a proud moment for me, just as
it was when this year's Nobel Prizes were announced, and it turned
out that eight of the nine winners in science and economics were born
in the United States of America. It is, indeed, a tribute to
America's frontier spirit and to our nation's steadfast resolve and
sense of the future. For when it comes to leadership in science and
technology, best in America means best in the world.
America's tradition of excellence has long been nurtured
by a tradition of free inquiry aimed at the simple goal of better
understanding ourselves and the world. In the 1945 report that led
to the founding of the N.S.F., the National Science Foundation,
Vannevar Bush -- no relation -- wrote that, "As long as scientists
are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, there will be a
flow of new scientific knowledge to those who can apply it to
practical problems."
And so it is today. More and more, nearly every product
from electronics to agriculture incorporates the latest in
technology. And more and more, our nation depends on basic
scientific research to spur economic growth, longer and healthier
lives, a more secure world and, indeed, a safer environment.
Today, our government must help carry that research
forward and contribute to the development of generic technologies
that build on basic discoveries. If America is to maintain and
strengthen our competitive position, we must continue not only to
create new technologies, but learn to more effectively translate
those technologies into commercial products. In this way, we can
help leverage the R&D of the private sector, helping whole industries
advance in an increasingly competitive global market.
The budget highlights our administration's commitment to
MORE
- 2 -
science and technology. We won double-digit increases for both NASA
and the N.S.F. and expanded funds to investigate global climate
change. We remain committed to doing even more, doubling the N.S.F.
budget over five years and extending the tax credit for R&E --
research and experimentation. And we're going to keep raising
America's sights. Space Station Freedom will give us a permanent
presence in Earth orbit and the Space Exploration Initiative will
take us to the Moon and Mars and beyond back to space, back to the
future, and this time, back to stay.
Thirty years from now, when the Nobel Prizes are
announced, I want America to be well represented. And 30 years from
now, when the Medals of Science and of Technology are bestowed, I
want today. to see America graced by a group as accomplished as that here
Many of today's honorees serve as prime examples of how
we can effectively translate basic science into commerical
technology. I think of Millie Dresselhaus, arguably the most
important and prominent woman physicist and engineer of her
generation, whose hard work helped to revolutionize semiconductors.
or Allan Cormack whose pioneering efforts earned him a Nobel Prize
and made CAT scan a household word. And scholars as diverse as
Boston's Baruj Benacerraf or Seattle's Donnall Thomas -- another
Nobel laureate whose contributions to immunology may lead to new
answers in our battle against cancer and AIDS. Scientists like you
have, indeed, helped America to understand that AIDS is a disease,
not a disgrace. And scientists like you have helped America to
appreciate our responsibility to those who are living with HIV and
AIDS. And they deserve our compassion, they deserve our care, and
they deserve more than a chance -- they deserve a cure.
Another legacy of these prestigious medals and the work
they honor must be the cultivation of excellence in science and math
in classrooms across America. The National Science Scholars program
we proposed soon after taking office has now been enacted and will
encourage budding scholars of today to become the scientists of
tomorrow. Guiding our efforts is an ambitious but critical goal for
this decade: By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the
world in science and math.
This week is Education Week, and its theme is "Educating
Everyone Takes Everyone." A fitting motto for the challenges that
lie ahead. If we are truly to remain a world leader in science and
technology, then we must achieve a renaissance of quality in our
schools and we must tap the talent, the energy, and the commitment of
all our families, businesses, and universities.
The people we honor today are American trailblazers,
real-life pioneers who pressed the very limits of their fields. You
have distinguished not only yourselves, but also your nation. And
that's why America continues to need, and want, and appreciate your
creativity, your genius and your diversity.
Thank you. Congratulations to all. And God bless the
United States. Thank you for coming. (Applause.)
(The awards are presented.)
END
2:10 P.M. EST
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
September 16, 1991
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
DURING PRESENTATION OF NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE
AND NATIONAL MEDAL OF TECHNOLOGY
The Rose Garden
10:30 A.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Please be seated, and let me
welcome the dignitaries -- that's almost everybody. I don't know who
is excluded, but (laughter) -- first, Secretary Mosbacher and
Secretary Lujan here -- Bob over my shoulder -- Allan Bromley, my
Science Advisor; Henson Moore, I believe is to be here, of Energy;
and, of course, Rock Schnabel of Commerce; Walter Massey, the
Director of the National Science Foundation. And then finally and
perhaps most important today, our honorees and their friends and
families. It's my pleasure to welcome all of you to this steamy Rose
Garden. (Laughter.)
And with us today are five Nobel Laureates, leading
engineers of the Informaton Age, authors of some of this century's
world-changing discoveries and inventions. Men and women whose
quantum leaps of learning compress generations of knowledge within a
single lifetime of achievement. From the first moments of creation
to the frontiers of the solar system and now, with Voyager, beyond:
your knowledge spans the broad canvas of human endeavor.
Some of you are not only experts in your field, you
invented your field. Your quests and questions produced new
disciplines, new knowledge, new ways of looking at our world.
And today, your nation recognizes your monumental
accomplishments, honors the differences you have made: advancing
human understanding, improving the human condition, helping mankind
conquer ignorance and illness, helping this nation compete and
prosper.
Today's award winners range in age from the Pegasus Team
-- a group of precocious 40-something scientists and one 37-year-old
-- who designed and built the world's first private space rocket to
Admiral Grace Hopper, born in 1906, who pioneered the revolution that
put personal computers on the desks of millions of Americans -- and
dragged even this President into the computer age. (Laughter.)
I was asked for a report. It's been almost six months
since my first computer lesson, and I'm making progress. I make the
same mistakes, but I do it five times faster. It's marvelous.
(Laughter.)
The men and women we honor exemplify not simply the life
of the mind, but the spirit of adventure and risk that accompanies
the quest for advancement.
Take Stephen Bechtel, whose vision helped a city spring
from the Saudi desert, helped turn the Arctic waters of James Bay
into a source of energy for millions of North Americans, and who's
now helping Kuwait rise up from the ashes of war.
Consider Colonel Stapp, John Paul Stapp, expert on the
human impact of G-forces stress. When his experiments became too
MORE
- 2 -
dangerous to impose on others, Colonel Stapp became his own subject.
And as a former Naval aviator, I can hardly believe he's withstopd 40
Gs: That's the same as going from 632 miles per hour to a dead stop
in 1.4 seconds. Colonel Stapp put himself on the line and made
flying safer for everyone from passengers on commuter shuttles to the
astronauts now orbiting the Earth on Discovery.
From the work of a single individual come benefits that
can banish suffering and prolong life for many millions of people.
Consider the career of Gertrude Elion, Nobel Prize-winning
biochemist. Her life's work spans the quest to defeat Leukemia and
Malaria disorders. to today's battle against AIDs and other immune system
Together, your efforts transformed our world. And yet,
as a nation, our honor for all you've done falls short if we fail to
sustain your forward march. This administration has proposed what
progress demands: record funding levels for research and
development, with funds channeled to the individual investigator and
small research teams that so often redefine state-of-the-art. To
advance technology, we've focused funds on the areas of energy and
aeronautics, biotechnology and advanced materials, high performance
computing and communications.
To advance science and engineering research, we've urged
Congress to approve an 18-percent increase in funding for the
National Science Foundation, keeping us on track with our commitment
to double spending on that vital research arm by the year 1994. Our
commitment to science and technology proves beyond doubt we will not
shortchange the future.
In the words of Astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble:
"Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him,
and calls the adventure science.' Well, science and technology hold
open the hope of infinite possibility -- of answers that eluded
Einstein, of a new world free from fear and want. And that same
child. shining future the new world of possibility . -- exists within every
In the end, progress of enlightenment comes down to
education, and what are we doing to cultivate the children sitting
today in classrooms around the country - the generation we'll ask to
provide solutions to the challenges of a new century, answers to
questions that haven't even yet been asked.
Unless we act immediately, the next generation may not
be equipped to follow in your footsteps. All of you know our
national education goals and the strategy that we call America 2000
-- our challenge to everyone with a stake in our schools to literally
reinvent American education. Well, right now, in some studies of
math and science aptitude, U.S. students rank dead last amongst the
industrialized nations. And that one statistic alone should shake us
out of our complacency and show us the scope of the challenge that we
face.
,If we're going to be first in the world in math and
science by 2000, there's not a moment to waste. Because we're
serious, next year's budget targets $661 million for precollege math
and science education - -- a one-year increase of 28 percent.
And today, I salute every one of you who has taken the
time to share your wisdom in the classroom. I mentioned earlier that
we have five Nobel laureates with us today. Let me recognize another
medal-winner- for a singular distinction: Elvin Kabat, who's had the
satisfaction of seeing one of his students go on to win a Nobel.
We must preserve the vital connection between teaching
and research. That's the idea behind the Commerce Department's
MORE
- 3 -
Technology Heroes Program - to turn Medal of Technology winners into
role models for our kids. And that's why, today, I am pleased to
announce the establishment of the Presidential Faculty Fellows
Program -- to provide 5-year grants totaling $500, to as many as
each of 30 young faculty members each year. These grants will
support young scholars in their path-breaking work in science and
technology and their teaching in the classroom. Perhaps years from
now, some of those Presidential Faculty Fellows will have their own
day here in the Rose Garden.
In honoring each of you, this nation honors the
boundless horizons of the human mind, the soaring spirit of inquiry,
the special genius of the architects who fashion today's fantastic
idea into tomorrow's usable tool. Your work stands as its own
reward; so let me simply add your nation's thanks.
Once again, welcome to the White House. Congratulations
on your well-deserved honors. Now, with the help of Dr. Massey and
Secretary Mosbacher and Dr. Allan Bromley, we will present the
awards.
Thank you all very much. (Applause.)
(The awards are presented.)
THE PRESIDENT: Well done to the presenter. I guess
that concludes it, doesn't it?
Thank you all and, again, my congratulations. I think
that concludes the ceremony. And the person that's in charge of the
weather, please meet me inside. (Laughter.) Thank you all very
much. (Applause.)
END
10:40 A.M. EDT
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
December 9, 1991
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
IN SIGNING CEREMONY
FOR THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ACT OF 1991
The Roosevelt Room
1:31 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Let me just thank you all for coming
today. And I'm pleased to sign into law the High Performance
Computing Act of 1991. This will implement the far-reaching
initiatives on information technologies proposed to Congress in my
Fiscal Year 1992 budget earlier this year.
I'd like to thank Director Darman; my science advisor
Dr. Bromley; Secretary Watkins and Secretary Mosbacher; Chairman
Boskin and Dick Truly -- Administrator Truly, Roger Porter, Director
Massey, who are with us today. And I'd like, also, to thank
Secretaries Cheney and Alexander who couldn't be with us today. And
Bill Reilly also missing, but all of them playing an instrumental
part in all of this. And then all of the other members of the
administration that helped develop this initiative and secure
enactment of this historic bill.
The development of high performance computing and
communications technology offers the potential to transform radically
the way in which all Americans will work, learn and communicate in
the future. It holds the promise of changing society as much as the
other great inventions of the 20th century, including the telephone,
air travel and radio and TV.
This program will help researchers meet the grand
challenges in science -- to unlock the secrets of DNA, to forecast
severe weather events and to discover new superconducting materials.
It is no surprise that America holds the lead in high
performance information technology. Our greatest technological
strides have been made possible by the unique qualities of American
society: freedom, innovation, entrepreneurial spirit, a combination
found nowhere else in the world. And this program will sustain and
extend that leadership position.
The High Performance Computing Initiative is part of an
overall strategy, advanced by this administration to enhance our
competitiveness. My $76-billion R&D budget proposal for this year
included increased investment in both basic research and in
additional key areas of applied research, such as material science,
advance manufacturing, biotechnology and energy-related R&D.
In addition to these critical investments in R&D, we've
been working to prepare America to compete in the next century by
opening up foreign markets to U.S. export through a new GATT round
and a North American Free Trade Agreement; proposing tax policies,
such as making permanent that R&D tax credit, and reducing taxes on
capital gains to promote long-term investment, and preparing our work
force to compete through sharp increases in funding for math and
science education and through our America 2000 broad reform
initiative.
The initiative involves eight federal agencies, all of
which would contribute to development of this new technology, and we
MORE
- 2 -
share in its benefits. Private industry will work closely with
federal agencies and labs in the planning, funding and management of
this initiative to ensure that the fruits of this research program
will be brought into the educational and commercial marketplaces just
as soon as possible.
The High Performance Computing Initiative is an
excellent example of the philosophy of this administration: to
invest in the future, to create new jobs and new opportunities for
sustained economic growth. It is also an excellent example of how
government, industry and academia can work together to develop new
and important technologies.
And so, once again, welcome. And with that, it gives me
great pleasure now to sign this legislation which will benefit
Americans today and on into the next century.
(The document is signed.)
END
1:35 P.M. EST
MORE
Document source description
Records pertain to the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Page data
- Page
- 1
- Source index
- 0
- Type
- document
- Media ID
- 89c52e6177d3b9f3
- Size
- unknown
Document data
- ID
- 285790893
- Core
- doc
- Type
- document
DTO data
{
"id": "285790893",
"sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/285790893",
"contentType": "document",
"title": "Science and Technology",
"description": "Records pertain to the Office of Science and Technology Policy.",
"citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/285790893",
"identifierLocal": "12927-013",
"collections": [
"Records of the White House Office of Press Secretary (George H. W. Bush Administration)",
"Subject Files"
],
"iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/bush/foia/2005/2005-0336-F/41-bpr-press-fitzwater-12927-013.pdf",
"thumbnailUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/bush/foia/2005/2005-0336-F/41-bpr-press-fitzwater-12927-013.pdf",
"largeImageUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/bush/foia/2005/2005-0336-F/41-bpr-press-fitzwater-12927-013.pdf",
"imageCount": 1,
"hasImages": true,
"source": "import",
"hasTranscription": false
}
Context sent to Scholar
Document identity
{
"localId": "285790893",
"label": "Science and Technology",
"core": "doc",
"dtoType": "document",
"citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/285790893"
}
Document source metadata
{
"id": "285790893",
"sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/285790893",
"contentType": "document",
"title": "Science and Technology",
"description": "Records pertain to the Office of Science and Technology Policy.",
"citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/285790893",
"identifierLocal": "12927-013",
"collections": [
"Records of the White House Office of Press Secretary (George H. W. Bush Administration)",
"Subject Files"
],
"iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/bush/foia/2005/2005-0336-F/41-bpr-press-fitzwater-12927-013.pdf",
"thumbnailUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/bush/foia/2005/2005-0336-F/41-bpr-press-fitzwater-12927-013.pdf",
"largeImageUrl": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/bush/foia/2005/2005-0336-F/41-bpr-press-fitzwater-12927-013.pdf",
"imageCount": 1,
"hasImages": true,
"source": "import",
"hasTranscription": false
}
Document source extras
{
"url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/285790893",
"naId": 285790893,
"levelOfDescription": "fileUnit",
"recordType": "description",
"ocrSource": "nara-archive"
}
Page context
{
"seq": 1,
"pageIndex": 0,
"type": "document",
"url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/bush/foia/2005/2005-0336-F/41-bpr-press-fitzwater-12927-013.pdf",
"mediaId": "89c52e6177d3b9f3",
"ocrText": "THE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\n(Miami, Florida)\nFor Immediate Release\nJanuary 19, 1990\nEXECUTIVE ORDER\nPRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY\nBy the authority vested in me as President by the\nConstitution and laws of the United States of America, and in\norder to establish, in accordance with the provisions of the\nFederal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. 2),\nan advisory committee on science and technology, it is hereby\nordered as follows:\nSection 1. Establishment. There is established the\nPresident's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology\n(\"Council\"). The Council shall be composed of not more than\n15 members, one of whom shall be the Director of the Office\nof Science and Technology Policy, and 14 of whom shall be\ndistinguished individuals from the private sector to be\nappointed by the President. The Director of the Office of\nScience and Technology Policy shall serve as Chairman of the\nCouncil. The Vice Chairman shall be appointed by the\nPresident from among the 14 private sector members. The\nChairman shall report directly to the President.\nSec. 2. Functions. (a) The Council shall advise the\nPresident on matters involving all areas of science and\ntechnology.\n(b) In the performance of its advisory duties the\nCouncil shall conduct a continuing review and assessment of\ndevelopments in science and technology, and shall, through the\nChairman, report thereon to the President whenever requested.\n(c) The Chairman may, from time to time, invite experts\nto investigate and report to the Council on specific issues of\nnational consequence.\nSec. 3. Administration. (a) The heads of Executive\nagencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide the\nCouncil and its panels such information with respect to\nscientific and technological matters as required for the\npurpose of carrying out its functions.\n(b) Members of the Council shall serve without any\ncompensation for their work on the Council. However, members\nappointed from among private citizens of the United States may\nbe allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of\nsubsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving\nintermittently in the Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701-5707).\n(c) Any expenses of the Council shall be paid from the\nfunds available for the expenses of the Office of Science and\nTechnology Policy.\n(d) The Office of Administration shall, on a\nreimbursable basis, provide such administrative services\nas may be required.\nmore\n(OVER)\n2\nSec. 4. General. (a) Notwithstanding any other\nExecutive order, the functions of the President under the\nFederal Advisory Committee Act, as amended, except that of\nreporting to the Congress, which are applicable to the\nCouncil, shall be performed by the Office of Administration\nin accord with the guidelines and procedures established by\nthe Administrator of General Services.\n(b) The Council shall terminate on June 30, 1991, unless\nsooner extended.\nGEORGE BUSH\nTHE WHITE HOUSE,\nJanuary 19, 1990.\n# # #\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\n(Knoxville, Tennessee)\nFor Immediate Release\nFebruary 2, 1990\nThe President today announced the appointment of the President's\nCouncil of Advisers on Science and Technology (PCAST), comprised\nof 12 distinguished scientists and engineers. This panel will\nprovide high-level advice directly to the President on a wide\nrange of important issues concerning science and technology.\nPCAST will be the first Presidential scientific advisory group\nin many years to report directly to the President. Its\nestablishment is a measure of the Bush Administration's high\nesteem for science and a recognition that advances in science\nand technology contribute in a major way to increased economic\ncompetitiveness. It also reflects the President's desire to\nstrengthen Federal science and technology policy, enhance Federal\nresearch and development activities, and encourage private sector\ninvolvement in research and development.\nThe United States scientific community leads the world in\ncreating new knowledge. Through PCAST, the President is seeking\nto provide the best obtainable private sector advice to Executive\nBranch decision-making in science and technology.\nPCAST will be chaired by Dr. D. Allan Bromley, Assistant to the\nPresident for Science and Technology. A list of the members and\ntheir affiliations is attached, along with a fact sheet on\nscience and technology accomplishments in the Bush Administration.\nPCAST was established January 19, 1990, by Executive Order 12700.\nIts members will be sworn in later today by the Vice President at\nthe White House.\n- more -\nBOIG\nthe HOMES\nIFE шемрых yes ENDIU TW Typer fugsin - gue ATCE\nБСУВЬ MSE 191596A 18' Tado' pr. Exos sping OXGen\nsupsuge 909 wotch TV que Lg,\n**** En 917008 Far stoud cuttif UU\ngsup LOT 20162006 sug SE 1444 OF FUG 11; daty\nБСУВШ 411 06 custing pA DL D' VITIO Excuper marapsur\ngeora, TV acreade suy pecjuo LALL\na DIOATHO FPO peap opt mepts DETAILS 99 9QA/CG a - As\nJust sever' que TB\nwith nurped STUDER sateuff TO Tesqa pus MOITG T23\nTM shing\nteassrop sug ganeroumsup study Departe WHICH\nRequiry actence 324 ресриотоба POTT A SUBSTICE engelyt\ncomboy IF steo IGITGOFE 4% blearger ,2 gearne TO\nenjuj ресриото computporte THE y MgA DO for cesseq GOODQUITOR\nfor apparce, guy S recodum you part SIGNATURE TU\n32. UntiA dauH Adt to STUBET 5 al\nTHE шешл ASSES to LEDOTT ФЛЬСТА & rus IfE\nbeval ATTI PC Are STRAP ST equality X\nhas agual to sprust\nDECATES SIGATE STRUCT 14% P THE If QUES MICH\nof 13 ватешруарт equapment age Date) WIT\ncommunity PM OU actends, sug par-\n34% РОСУЛ OF que\nyor Image:\n3\" Tag\nOTHER of 400 86\nXX\nMATTE 0.88\n- 2 --\nNORMAN F. BORLAUG\nNobel Laureate Borlaug, of Texas, is currently leader of the\nSasakawa-Global-2000 agricultural program in sub-Saharan Africa,\nDistinguished Professor of International Agriculture at Texas A&M\nUniversity, and a Senior Consultant to CIMMYT. He was Director\nof the Wheat Research and Production Program of the International\nMaize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico, from 1964 until his\nretirement in 1979.\nDr. Borlaug's career began in 1935 in the U.S. Forest Service,\nand he subsequently worked as an instructor in plant pathology at\nthe University of Minnesota in 1941, where he received his Ph.D.\nFrom 1942 through 1944 he was a microbiologist with the E. I.\nDuPont de Nemours & Co.. He also served as research scientist in\ncharge of wheat improvement with the Cooperative Mexican\nAgricultural Program, Mexican Ministry of Agriculture and the\nRockefeller Foundation, 1944-60, and later, as Associate Director\nof the Foundation assigned to the Inter-American Food Crop\nProgram, 1960-63.\nD. ALLAN BROMLEY, CHAIRMAN\nD. Allan Bromley, of Connecticut, is Assistant to the President\nfor Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science\nand Technology Policy (OSTP).\nDr. Bromley carried out pioneering studies on both the structure\nand dynamics of nuclei and is considered the father of modern\nheavy ion science. He has played major roles in the development\nof accelerators, of detection systems, and in computer based data\nacquisition and analysis systems. He is currently on leave from\nhis position as Henry Ford II Professor of Physics at Yale\nUniversity, where he was founder and Director of the A.W. Wright\nNuclear Structure Laboratory.\nDr. Bromley has been a leader in the national and international\nscience and science policy communities for more than 20 years,\nserving as a member of the White House Science Council throughout\nthe Reagan Administration and as a member of the National Science\nBoard in 1988-89. He received the President's National Medal of\nScience in 1988 and the Presidential Medal of the New York\nAcademy of Sciences in 1989. He has served as President of the\nAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science and of the\nInternational Union of Pure and Applied Physics.\nDr. Bromley received the B.Sc. degree in 1948 at Queen's\nUniversity, Canada, the M.Sc. degree from Queen's University in\n1950, and the Ph.D. degree in nuclear physics from the University of\nRochester in 1952. He has since been awarded 10 honorary doctorates.\nSOLOMON J. BUCHSRAUM\nSolomon J. Buchsbaum, of New Jersey, has been Senior Vice\nPresident, Technology Systems, at AT&T Bell Laboratories since\n1979. His early career included work at the MIT Research\nLaboratory of Electronics. He received his Ph.D. in physics from\nMIT in 1957. He joined Bell Laboratories in 1958 as a member of\nthe technical staff and later became department head and director\nof the Electronics Research Laboratory. In 1968, he was named\nVice President for Research at the Sandia Laboratories and served\nin a number of different capacities. He returned to Bell\nLaboratories in 1971 as an Executive Director. In 1976 he became\nVice President, Network Planning and Customer Systems.\nDr. Buchsbaum is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and\nof the National Academy of Engineering. He was the recipient of\nthe President's National Medal of Science in 1986.\n- more -\n1941.\nwegan or RETURNS 10 rase'\nof or HV MST are of\nDL wesper DE as programs VE dispences very\nCORPONER pharews\n90.90 DESCOPOR* Jase He persons\nTO event 09090143 and HC terming\nAge His assigns was\nOF a 1008 pe мла\nFUG STATE pecaus passig sug\nWILL 7828 UP - 98\nof 112 you ORANCE CROW\nтода\" 14\" To cstost MORIC 91. Filther AND\nareatgeup) 97 WITH BUTT politive\nOCT U. your pgs police Coupon she\n91\nBocyBepeT +1 Tuest\nTa20' swy D' THE uncrest fyr of\nCSUNGS +7% gudzes LOW Oncere OUTANISTED 11\nDI act Onecu,a\nour DE blue VALIDA Swapper\nувасстиртом TOT FHE of OF\nусваеш 96 acrenges TU Toda* HS SINGY 58 of\nTV 1888 swg File wester) or AUCK\nBOSICE TN TaKa-80 FPG\nFUE Tapes TOU said шеврестов not\narree nonas acrewed\nsurance sang acreugs POTTCA LOC MOIO nusset\nDr. Exception pse peen товсы. THE que 95g\nDUTAO upense per MSIA comuge. sug Director we METCHE\nNTE se MASSA LOLY II OF\nState 909 алерыма 8999 TSSAG EXCESS\nof of yetso, you алереша such gaps\npetion you actuace 49 usa DISTAGY moree DJ que\nway quantifice project uug Ta FNb\nUS BROWJEA QUALTED one afrigres ou port\n(0215)*\n(OT. BOTYUGG sug ДЕСРОСТОРА aug DIRECTOR of\nD' VIIVA BEOWYGA OF TX gueyapsup PO\nVITTA СЛУТКАЛЛ\n---\nTO geardueg FO fps QLOB\nBook ISTJEL 1344-00 se\nbrode our WILTERSA of you +26\nсражае right TWORONGHOUF MTTP pe COODETSING\nDrigoup go C CO His yes 9a 168697.00\nFROM Tots Taxe pc WSB ATEM\n+PG OUTAGRATE of TU TAVI' pre WID*\nstudy pc MORE 9 92 Despoyed If\npoder TW 1632 TU дожар\nTM Tapar\nNUTSO seg Coupon Nic\nFUG depenshop use products\nCODE/T) CASH\nDAVE OT\nTO amp-so\nиорет OF warre' Ta\nвовгуле\n- 3 -\nCHARLES L. DRAKE\nCharles L. Drake, of Vermont, has been the Albert Bradley\nProfessor of Earth Sciences at Dartmouth since 1984 and Professor\nof Geology since 1969. Dr. Drake's professional career began at\nColumbia University in 1953. He joined the staff at Dartmouth\nin 1958 after receiving his Ph.D. in geology from Columbia\nUniversity where he has continued his career, including service\nas Professor and Chairman of the Department, 1967-69; as Dean of\nGraduate Studies and as Associate Dean of the Science Department,\n1978-81.\nDr. Drake is a recipient of the G. P. Woollard Award, Geophysical\nDivision of the Geological Society of America.\nRALPH E. GOMORY\nRalph E. Gomory, of New York, is President of the Sloan\nFoundation and, until his recent retirement, was Senior Vice\nPresident for Science and Technology, IRM Corporation. He\nreceived his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton in 1954.\nDr. Gamory's professional experience includes teaching and\nresearch at Princeton from 1957-59. In 1959, he joined the\nResearch Division of IRM and was named Director of the\nMathematical Sciences Department in 1965. In 1970 he became IBM\nDirector of Research and held that position until 1985, becoming\nIBM Vice President in 1973, Senior Vice President in 1985, and\nIBM Senior Vice President for Science and Technology in 1986. He\nhas been awarded a number of honorary degrees and prizes,\nincluding the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1984 and the\nNational Medal of Science in 1988.\nBERNADINE HEALY NICE CHAIRMAN\nBernadine Healy, of Ohio, is Chairman of the Research Institute\nof The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a position she assumed in\n1985, and is a staff member of the Clinic's Department of\nCardiology. Prior to that time, she was Deputy Director of the\nOffice of Science and Technology Policy at the White House, and\nuntil that appointment had been a Professor at The Johns Hopkins\nUniversity School of Medicine and Hospital. Dr. Healy received\nher medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1970. Her\nmedical career continued at Johns Hopkins from 1976 to 1984,\nwhere she was Professor of Cardiology and Medicine, Director of\nthe Coronary Care Unit, and Assistant Dean for Postdoctoral\nPrograms and Faculty Development.\nDr. Healy is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the\nNational Academy of Sciences. She is the immediate Past\nPresident of the American Heart Association and a former\nPresident of the American Federation for Clinical Research.\nPETER W. LIKINS\nPeter W. Likins, of Pennsylvania, has been President of Lehigh\nUniversity since 1982. His professional career began as a\ndevelopment engineer with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,\nCalifornia Institute of Technology, in 1958. In 1964 he joined\nthe faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles, where\nhe became Professor of Engineering and later, Associate Dean.\nDr. Likins received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from\nStanford in 1965. In 1976 he became Professor and Dean of\nColumbia University, serving until 1980, when he became Provost\nof the University.\n- more -\nnot\nstates\nCommore must TOTAL\nn rase No person\nDr.* pie БР'О\" Your\nps pecsuas ENG yBaccTop DOWN\nCDS ПОТАСТЕТРА of CS per AUGLE\nTHE TORU* ID 1089 your jorneq\nAIRU 164\nToda* 1118 pudge 92.9\nджетувир of\nBRENDER TIKING\ncallue TOSD Tax\nyears for good\nprogram of gcrences THINK yes\nDX HOSTA *** fus\n9UG yearspour pours US\ncard programox Cough\n** jopue HOURTUR таде R\ngodiet with TO 1630\nacpoor OF 500g\nMUFT FUST 1999 post S HOOKER\nOLETOR acrount 9vg БОТТСА of FUS of a HOMELY\nCHIRTOTOGAT БАТОЕ TO first prost 800 MSL Debitity ceopot or file\nTA82* of Debertment OF\nOF passpart CITIZE prou aps The\nHGST one we TDS Become TITLE\nH&VE\nweges ВСТЫШЬ TM rese*\nпистидтика que good AOU BLISS 1084\namerged unaper DE pouor Buy DITES\nTBW ATCG presencer, the 20T6LGG 900 D 1080° 120\nbreatque TU 1013' BELTOR Are THE\nDE say pers quot DOES ourst 1882 DOCUMENTS\nWH acrosse TW Taea* TOJO 2361\nDTA MS8\n90 you 021-20 IN 1020 DU TOTUCE FPA\nDUE\nUTS DATE TW insured you DET\nFOR 8076006 sug Ibin\nOR use recomp Age\n02.05 XOEK' TV -\nБУЛЬЯ COHOKA\nfive\nDAY FPS MOUNTSIS\n1338-8T'\nSIRG se yBHo T949 FUG agrees\nse eng pus was\nANTAGRS AUGLE pue 00 wre OGLATOR\nBICST RECETATED upe BP'D' deojoda good\nCOTALISTS TU 3237 H6 jonjeq que effict St.\nOF Georoda ETUCS Taes\" DI юрвантору STATE\nБлоговеок OF TRUCG Department aruas 1080 suy\nCUSIJGS ANIMONS' use pass FUG VIDGLE BESIGTON\nCHARLES P 08VKE\n- 4 -\nTHOMAS E. LOVEJOY\nThomas E. Lovejoy, of Virginia, is the Assistant Secretary for\nExternal Affairs, The Smithsonian Institution. His previous\nexperience includes service as a research assistant at the\nUniversity of Pennsylvania, 1971-74, after receiving his Ph.D. in\nbiology from Yale University in 1971; as Executive Assistant to\nthe Science Director and as Assistant to the Vice President for\nResources and Planning of the Academy of Natural Sciences,\n1972-73; as the Vice President for Science of the World Wildlife\nFund-U.S., 1973-87; and as Executive Vice President, 1985-89.\nDr. Lovejoy is President of the Society for Conservation Biology.\nWALTER E. MASSEY\nWalter E. Massey, of Illinois, has been the Vice President of the\nUniversity of Chicago for Research and for Argonne National\nLaboratory since 1984. He has also been Professor of Physics at\nthe University since 1979.\nDr. Massey previously served as a physics instructor at Morehouse\nCollege, 1958-59; and after receiving his Ph.D. in physics from\nWashington University in 1966, as a staff physicist with the\nArgonne National Laboratory until 1968; as Assistant Professor of\nPhysics, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1968-70; Associate\nProfessor of Physics and Dean of the College, Brown University,\n1975-79. He is Vice President, and President-elect, of the\nAmerican Physical Society and is the Past President and Chairman\nof the American Association for the Advancement of Science.\nJOHN P. MCTAGUE\nJohn P. McTaque, of Michigan, is Vice President-Research, Ford\nMotor Company, and has served in that position since 1986.\nIn 1983 Dr. McTague was appointed Deputy Director of the Office\nof Science and Technology Policy, becoming Acting Science Advisor\nto the President and Acting Director of OSTP in 1986. Prior to\nthat, he was Chairman of the National Synchrotron Light Source\nDepartment, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1982-83. He was\nProfessor of Chemistry and a member of the Institute of\nGeophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California,\nLos Angeles, 1970-82. Dr. McTague began his professional career\nas a member of the Technical Staff, North American Aviation Science\nCenter, on receiving his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Boston\nUniversity, and remained there until 1970. He is U.S. Chairman\nof the U.S. Japan Joint High Level Advisory Panel on Cooperation\nin Research and Development in Science and Technology.\nDANIEL NATHANS\nNobel Laureate Nathans, of Maryland, is Professor of Molecular\nBiology and Genetics at The Johns Hopkins University Medical\nSchool and Senior Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical\nInstitute. He has been on the faculty of The Johns Hopkins\nUniversity Medical School since 1962.\nAfter receiving his Medical Degree from Washington University in\n1954, he served as Medical Resident at the Columbia-Presbyterian\nMedical Center in New York, 1955, 1957-59; as Clinical Associate\nat the National Cancer Institute, 1955-57, and Guest Investigator\nin biochemistry at the Rockefeller University, 1959-62.\nDr. Nathans received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in\n1978 for his research with enzymes that cut DNA into specific\npieces, one of the basic tools of genetic engineering.\n- more -\nUTGC68 - pooja OF devego\nTOAD for MILD SUBMIT pust Tupo absorve\nDE, include receiving berso TO wegre\nFile BocKeTe JGI ADTAGES pay\nsprous (suder Cheese\nNGA KORK 1023-281 vid споторт уавостярь\nsev when SF the COTTAIN\nPTS Weggest Deares and AUTAGRETTA or\nsari sonta IsatheM\n№ per post OU FUE EVERYEA of Johns H\nsug Quartor, of pus HOMELO Hodpee Wighout\nsug 96 JUG nopua BOOKING WASTONI\nof TO programs 03\nDAMIET имамие\nTM presency 909 TU autono gug десрцотови*\nof HTAT УДАТНОГА BOUNT ou coobinsion\n+1616 quall 1930 CAMPANY\npre DP or TU phares; operapix BURFUL\nDE тямрох of FPS 93 your VATISTOU\nvudeyee DE psur required\nvolmol winl Vister Is bris\n\"SIG of any a OF\n26w.eH ser tradent Isrinitali reverblood\nfust' No ASE 06.00 изсторут xopTop ΓTapp 200.06\nto sug vet TJCE of 1382' DATO:\nmojod BOJTON pecoss assure yearso\nASE specificeg Department pyxed JEF 026196\npopor, carg use вищед filst effece 1852*\n10:04 b 191 or TO preargous BANKS) our LOLG\nдониль' WALVER\ninsurance 200000\nBRAUT SUCTORA sug TO que BSEF STORE SWN CUSTOMER\n1032-19 Afce suy DASE, DA\nspogesa guy DOOD COTTeC goods) motarfs\neditionesA tor-aaes atord to\nyours ГУРОКУРОТА DUFT) 1000 9a\nTO aee 93.9 BESTE орлвто\n201 vug Street recepting pro SPOD*\nassign 98.9 hpharce\nque upon тада*\nspuce 08% 119 personso pess\nCurcedo ful suy LOT (sprover)\nOF pse peeu FULL ATOS gue\nOVIVER'S E' WEEK\nDE ПОЛЕДОД TO preargeup of goodeps the\nтадз-аз! AYCE quart 1888708\n1813-03: 93 AM for OF\nmg усудеми OF\nfine acress DIRECTOR yearsport\nprojoan TOST:\nBLUE\nsay que\nNAME\nof TM\nJACAVE B\n- 5 -\nDAVID PACKARD\nDavid Packard, of California, has been Chairman of the Board of\nthe Hewlett-Packard Co. since 1972. Mr. Packard received his\nB.A. and B.S.F.E. degrees from Stanford University in 1934 and\n1939, respectively.\nHis professional experience includes service as an engineer with\nthe Vacuum Tube Engineering Department, GE Co., 1936-38; co-\nfounder and partner, the Hewlett-Packard Co., 1939-47; President,\n1947-64; and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, 1964-69.\nPrior to his present position, Mr. Packard served as U.S. Deputy\nSecretary of Defense from 1969-71.\nMr. Packard received the Vannevar Bush Award of the National\nScience Board in 1987 and the President's National Medal of\nTechnology and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988.\nHAROLD T. SHAPIRO\nHarold T. Shapiro, of New Jersey, has been President of Princeton\nUniversity since 1988.\nDr. Shapiro's previous academic experience has been with the\nUniversity of Michigan, after receiving his Ph.D. in economics\nfrom Princeton in 1964, first as an Assistant Professor of\nEconomics. His career progressed from Associate Professor,\n1967-70; Professor, 1970-76; Chairman of the Department of\nEconomics, 1974-77; Professor of Economics and Public Policy,\n1977; Vice President for Academic Affairs, 1977-79.\nDr. Shapiro was President of the University of Michigan from 1980\nuntil 1987. He has served as a member of many industrial,\ngovernmental and academic boards and commissions.\n# # #\n...\nand scogeuro postge 91/g\nAPPD per SELAND 98 S or \"9\"\nDL applysis ase bleergens of FUG of HOW Taxo\nJass' ATCS preargent FOR VELSTION 833-20\nyou OF ECODUITES sug BARTTO\naso-jes FPS\nAT?\nExom (11 reed' that 98 su\nTHE of 96091 LOCETATED ure BP'D' TO economice\nDiy 10,8 because vosquire EXPERTEUCE pga SEW NEW\nAMERICA in вушое 1080*\nwhich years pga peed 37\n4:\nnegugojods Negs] OF T11 Tass:\nPOTGUOS BOSIG DI PATOSA Иˢ yours OZ\nNAT Бескутд que Brian ymang\nof DETELES STARY Jaca-ATT\nBLTOL a соетртош? WE BSOKYING BECAUG\nrava-ev. stup sug CUTRE EXECUTIVE\npooper mg FUS 0911\npus ASCRESS arpe Endressing CAS CO\nHFS EXDELTGUCS ruoriges est 9) CICO\nTa38'\nis E'E' gsdiess TROM\nFPR an IMPS backsig\nDEATH -jiga peer of RS\nDVAID\n- 2 -\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\n(Knoxville, Tennessee)\nNOTICE TO THE PRESS\nFebruary 2, 1990\nThe President will host the first meeting of the President's\nCouncil of Advisers on Science and Technology Policy (PCAST) at\nCamp David on Saturday, February 3 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.\nThe meeting will provide an opportunity for discussion of science\nand technology issues of national importance, future PCAST agenda\nitems, and how the Council can most effectively advise the\nPresident.\nPCAST was established January 19, 1990 by Executive Order 12700\nto provide advice to the President on all subjects involving\nscience and technology, and to serve as a mechanism for providing\nprivate sector input. The Council will bring together a\ncross-section of the Nation's scientific and technical minds from\nindustry, academia and non-profit organizations to focus on major\nscience and technology issues facing the country.\nThe Council will have between 10 and 14 members, appointed by the\nPresident. Dr. Allan Bromley, Assistant to the President for\nScience and Technology, will chair the Council.\n# # #\n# # #\nuse NTT quirts que CODUCTT\nC yis yearersur CO the Bleergers 101.\nDUE company ATT руде perment TO sug IN suborning PA que\nstudy peanee event fps curtu,\nswg que to OD BATCK\nof FPS accepting sang square goda\nDEPASITE a eccipon; we MADY project passper S\nsing 90g & 92 S en X\n& DIDATUS system for File DD *11 empresa SAGNATURE\nBOYST MSTA To 7800 pc EXCEPTIONS URYER to\nfrome' STARS 110m +1% COMUCTT 051 must Steat signature **\n90g realize of incrussy БСУРЬ scengs\nuses weepful mail DEOATING 9W LOS precreurou ECTUUOS\ncrub During we espingsh' ESPENSIA 3 from 10:30 9'W\" to T:30 orw\"\nCOMPUT) OF MATEGIE ou actence guy BOI GA VP\nJUST Bleargenp STT poat FPS times шеертиа OF que\nдерслята 3' Jodu\nWOLTCE TO\n(seasenrett\n06 of FPG 51682\nJANE MAILE HOLIZE\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\nFor Immediate Release\nFebruary 2, 1990\nSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS\nAND INITIATIVES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION\nFACT SHEET\nThe President announced today the appointment of the members of\nthe President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology\n(PCAST). This distinguished panel of scientists, engineers and\nindustry leaders will provide high-level advice directly to the\nPresident on a wide range of important issues concerning science\nand technology.\nAdvances in science and technology are a key to increased\neconomic competitiveness and improving our quality of life. The\nPresident's action today caps a year of vigorous activity by the\nAdministration to advance science and technology issues on a\nbroad front. The three broad areas of activity are summarized\nbelow:\nI.\nStrengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy\nII. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities\nIII. Encouraging Increased Private Sector Research and\nDevelopment Investment\nI.\nStrengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy\nEstablishing the National Space Council. -- The\nPresident issued an Executive Order on April 20, 1989,\nestablishing the National Space Council, chaired by the\nVice President. The Space Council provides advice and\nassistance to the President on space policy and\nstrategy and monitors and coordinates the\nimplementation of space policy among the civil,\nnational security and commercial space sectors.\nEstablishing the Administration's Council on\nCompetitiveness. -- The President established the\nCouncil on Competitiveness, chaired by the Vice\nPresident, to oversee regulatory and other\ncompetitiveness issues, such as reform of product\n- more -\n2\nliability laws. A new Working Group will coordinate\nand review Administration policy and regulations, and\nwill focus on enhancing applied research and on\nstreamlining risk-based regulation of new biotechnology\nproducts to ensure safety and promote competitive\neconomic development.\nUpgrading the Status of the Science Advisor and\nIncreasing the Budget for the Office of Science and\nTechnology Policy. -- The President has raised the\nstatus of the Science Advisor to Assistant to the\nPresident for Science and Technology. The Science\nAdvisor now participates in deliberations of the\nCabinet and of the Domestic and Economic Policy\nCouncils to ensure that science and technology issues\nare fully reflected in Administration policy\ndevelopment. In addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes\n$3.3 million for OSTP, double the FY 1989 level.\nStrengthening the Federal Coordinating Council on\nScience, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) -- The\nScience Advisor initiated action to improve the\ninteragency coordination apparatus for science and\ntechnology by consolidating and enhancing the current\nFCCSET committee structure. Building on the successful\nexperience of the FCCSET Committee on Earth Science,\nnew committees will be formed to coordinate Federal\nefforts in education and human resource development,\nmaterials science, and others.\nReinvigorating the Council on Environmental Quality\n(CEQ) -- The President is committed to strengthening\nthe CEQ and to ensuring that it has the capacity to\nserve as an effective source of environmental analysis\nand information in the White House. Accordingly, the\nPresident's FY 1991 budget increases CEQ's budget by 90\npercent and CEQ's staff by 70 percent.\nII. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities\nA. Increased Investment in Federal R&D\nThe President has proposed a total of $71 billion\nfor research and development (R&D), including R&D\nfacilities, in his FY 1991 budget. This is an\nincrease of $4.5 billion, or 7 percent, over FY\n1990 enacted levels.\nCivilian R&D will increase by 12 percent, and\ndefense-related R&D will increase by 4 percent.\n- more -\n3\nThe President has also proposed to allocate $12\nbillion for basic research, an increase of $1\nbillion, or 8 percent, over FY 1990. Basic\nresearch is an essential investment in the\nnation's scientific and technological future,\nincluding its future scientists and engineers.\nB.\nScience and Technology Education\nThe President has moved aggressively to address the\nshortcomings in the nation's science and technology\neducation enterprise. He has set goals for the\nnation's schools and students in science and math, and\nthe FY 1991 budget will provide over $1 billion in\ndirect spending in five agencies for science,\nmathematics and engineering education.\nO\nNational Science Foundation (NSF) -- NSF will\nallocate $463 million in FY 1991, a 30 percent\nincrease over FY 1990, for a wide variety of\neducation activities to improve the quality of\nteachers and students, the numbers of students\nchoosing science, math, or engineering careers,\nand the numbers staying in those fields,\nparticularly those in traditionally under-\nrepresented groups.\nDepartment of Education. -- The Department will\ncontinue to build on its strong relationships with\nState educational entities. The FY 1991 budget\nproposes $230 million, an increase of 69 percent,\nfor the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and\nScience program, which provides funds to States to\nimplement improved programs for teaching math and\nscience. In addition, five million is requested\nfor the new National Science Scholars program to\nrecognize outstanding high school students by\nproviding fellowship support for them to study in\nthe fields of mathematics and science in college.\nThe Department will also launch an initiative\nunder its Upward Bound program to provide academic\nassistance and encouragement to help disadvantaged\nstudents pursue study in mathematics and science.\nNational Aeronautics and Space Administration\n(NASA) -- NASA will allocate $51 million in FY\n1991, an increase of 21 percent, for education\nactivities including the \"Spacemobile\" program,\nteacher and student workshops and research\nexperiences at NASA laboratories, and special\nefforts to increase minority participation in\nscience and engineering.\n- more -\n4\no\nDepartment of Energy (DOE) -- DOE will provide\n$25 million in FY 1991, a 47 percent increase, for\neducational activities including support for\ngraduate and undergraduate students and high\nschool and university faculty. DOE will implement\na new program, in collaboration with the private\nsector, to train high school faculty in the state-\nof-the-art science and technology conducted at the\nDOE laboratories.\no\nNational Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The\nresearch training grant program will be funded at\na level of $292 million, which will support almost\n12,000 graduate trainees in research laboratories\nthroughout the nation.\nC.\nDoubling the Budget of the National Science Foundation\nThe President has maintained his strong commitment to\nthe importance of basic research by proposing $2.4\nbillion in budget authority, a more than 14 percent\nincrease, for the National Science Foundation in FY\n1991. This will continue progress toward doubling the\nNSF budget by FY 1993.\nO\nWorld-Class Research Equipment. -- The President\nhas also recognized that world-class science and\ntechnology requires world-class research\nequipment. He has supported the construction of a\nreplacement for the important radiotelescope at\nGreenbank, West Virginia, and, for FY 1991, has\nproposed the initiation or continuation of several\nhigh-priority, specialized research facilities\nincluding the National High Magnetic Field\nLaboratory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational\nWave Observatory, and two 8-meter optical/infrared\ntelescopes.\nAcademic Research Facilities Modernization. -- In\naddition to research support, the President will\nalso continue the Academic Research Facilities\nmodernization program begun by NSF in FY 1990.\nContinuing the program will increase management\nexperience and permit evaluation of its impact on\nU.S. science and technology.\nO\nU.S. Antarctic Program. -- NSF manages the U.S.\nAntarctic Program for the government. This\nprogram supports national goals in the Antarctic\nand is the principal expression of the U.S.\npresence on the Antarctic continent. The FY 1991\n- more -\n5\nbudget will expand an important environmental,\nsafety, and health initiative in the Antarctic to\nensure that this world scientific resource is\npreserved and that the safety and health of\nscientists working on the continent are assured.\nD.\nUnderstanding and Exploring Space\nThe President is committed to a continuing, active and\nexciting American presence in space -- indeed, to\nAmerica's leadership in space science and exploration.\nOverall, the FY 1991 budget proposes $15.2 billion for\nNASA, an increase of $2.9 billion, or 24 percent.\nNASA's budget has increased by almost 40 percent over\nFY 1989.\nO\nSpace Shuttle. -- The current fleet of three Space\nShuttles are the world's most versatile launch\nvehicles. In FY 1989, the Space Shuttle fleet\ncompleted four successful flights. The Space\nShuttle Columbia recently accomplished the\nspectacular retrieval of the Long Duration\nExposure Facility. The FY 1991 budget proposes\n$4.2 billion, an increase of 22 percent, for Space\nShuttle production and operations. This funding\nwill allow for a safe build-up to 10 Shuttle\nflights, the delivery of the fourth Shuttle,\nEndeavor, and enhancements such as the Advanced\nSolid Rocket Motor and the Extended Duration\nOrbiter capability.\nSpace Station Freedom. -- Space Station Freedom is\nthe largest international R&D project ever\nundertaken. In FY 1989, the program underwent a\nreevaluation that has resulted in a more\nachievable program and funding profile. The FY\n1991 budget continues the President's commitment\nto the Space Station by proposing a total of $2.6\nbillion, an increase of 36 percent. This will\nprovide for the critical transition from design to\nactual fabrication.\no\nMoon/Mars Exploration. -- On July 20, 1989, the\nPresident proposed that America undertake an\nambitious mission of manned exploration of the\nsolar system. This journey will begin with the\nfirst step in the FY 1991 budget towards this new\ngoal -- nearly $1.3 billion, an increase of 47\npercent -- to support robotic science missions and\nto develop the pacing and innovative technologies\nthat will be needed. of particular interest is\nthe continued commitment of the Administration to\n- more -\n6\nthe National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program. In\nFY 1989 the National Space Council reviewed and\nrevised this program in keeping with a more stable\nand sustainable pace of technology and funding.\nSpace Science and Applications. -- The U.S. is\ncommitted to maintaining its world leadership in\nspace science. An exciting new era of discovery\nhas now begun in unmanned planetary exploration,\nastronomy, and Earth observations. In 1989, three\nimportant scientific missions were launched:\nMagellan to Venus, Galileo to Jupiter, and the\nCosmic Background Explorer. The FY 1991 budget\nproposes $3.3 billion, an increase of 22 percent,\nfor the continued support of missions planned for\nlaunch in 1990 including the Hubble Space\nTelescope, the Gamma Ray Observatory, and the\nUlysses mission to explore the Sun, and\ndevelopment of future missions such as the Comet\nRendezvous/Asteroid Flyby and the Cassini mission\nto Saturn.\nE.\nGlobal Environmental Change\nO\nU.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) --\nThe U.S. is the world leader in global change\nresearch. The President has endorsed the USGCRP,\na coordinated, multi-agency research program of\nspace- and ground-based research and observations\ndesigned to provide a sound scientific basis for\nrational policy decisionmaking on global change\nissues. The FY 1991 budget proposes over $1\nbillion for this effort, an increase of 57\npercent.\nMission to Planet Earth (MTPE) -- On July 20, the\nPresident also affirmed the importance of NASA's\ncontribution to the USGCRP, Mission to Planet\nEarth. The largest part of this initiative\nconsists of a major new program for FY 1991, the\nEarth Observing System, a series of space\nplatforms and instruments developed by the U.S.\nEurope and Japan, which will collect a broad\nspectrum of environmental data related to global\nwarming, drought, oceans, etc. MTPE will permit,\nfor the first time, an analysis of Earth as an\nintegrated system.\nInternational Activities. -- The President\nbelieves that continuing U.S. scientific\nleadership is needed to address global\nenvironmental issues. In the past year, the\n- more -\n7\nPresident announced U.S. support for a worldwide\nphaseout of chloroflurocarbon (CFC) production to\nthe extent safe substitutes are available. In\n1990, the U.S. will host the Plenary Session of\nthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\n(IPCC) in February; a meeting of the world's\neconomic, scientific, and environmental officials\nto discuss global environmental issues in the\nSpring; and the first negotiation session on the\nFramework Convention on Climate Change in late\nFall.\nF.\nEnvironment\nO\nClean Air Act. -- The President demonstrated his\ncommitment to clean air by transmitting Clean Air\nAct Amendments to Congress in July 1989. The\nPresident's plan allows for both environmental\nprotection and economic development and is based\non a commitment to using the best science\navailable. In support of his Clean Air proposals,\nthe FY 1991 air research budget of the\nEnvironmental Protection Agency will increase by\n$8 million to a total of $95 million.\nG.\nThe Superconducting Super Collider and High Energy\nPhysics\nO\nThe Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). -- The\nSSC will provide an enormous advance in the\ncapability to explore the secrets of matter and\nenergy. Over the past year, the Department of\nEnergy has established the SSC laboratory at a\nsite near Dallas, Texas. The new laboratory team\nis conducting a thorough reevaluation of all\ntechnical systems with particular attention to\nmagnet design and technical performance of the\naccelerator. In FY 1989, research continued on\nthe design and testing of magnets. Approximately\n8,000 magnets will be used in the 53-mile SSC\ntunnel. In addition, during FY 1989, DOE\ncontinued work on the site-specific Environmental\nImpact Statement (EIS). The EIS is necessary\nbefore DOE makes a decision on the \"footprint\" of\nthe SSC and starts acquiring land for the project.\nHigh Energy and Nuclear Physics. -- The President\nsupports a robust program of research in the areas\nof high-energy and nuclear physics, which offer\nthe prospects of increasing our knowledge of the\nbasic constituents of matter. Last year,\n- more -\n8\nscientists discovered and conducted measurements\nof the Z-nought particle utilizing the recently\nupgraded Stanford Linear Collider. The Z-nought\nparticle is important because it transmits one of\nthe basic forces between elementary particles.\nThe FY 1991 budget provides a funding increase of\n8 percent to continue research at Stanford and the\nthree other large accelerator centers: the\nBrookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, the\nCornell Electron Storage Ring in New York State,\nand the Fermilab National Laboratory.\nH.\nLife Sciences\nHuman Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune\nDeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). -- The\nAdministration remains committed to making\ncontinued progress against HIV and AIDS. Five\ntherapies have been approved for use, and since\nJanuary 1989 over 35 clinical trials have been\ninitiated in a search for additional therapeutic\ndrugs. The Administration has recently taken\naction to enable State Medicaid programs to cover\nthe costs of the drug AZT for HIV-infected\nindividuals who do not yet exhibit AIDS symptoms.\nThe FY 1991 budget proposes $3.5 billion in total\nfor HIV/AIDS research, treatment, prevention and\nincome support, an increase of 18 percent.\nHuman Genome Project. -- The evolution of genetic\nengineering techniques over the last decade has\nenabled the initiation of one of the most exciting\nscience projects ever undertaken -- the\ndevelopment of a map of the full complement of\nhuman genetic material (the human genome). Such\nan undertaking will vastly increase our\nunderstanding of the nature and cause of many\ndiseases. Over the past year, important advances\nhave already been made, such as the identification\nof the gene that accounts for a large proportion\nof all cystic fibrosis cases. The FY 1991 budget\nproposes $108 million for the National Institutes\nof Health and $46 million for the Department of\nEnergy to pursue collaboratively this important\nproject.\nBiotechnology. -- Recent breakthroughs in\nbiotechnology, such as recombinant DNA techniques,\ncell fusion and gene therapy, offer unprecedented\nopportunities for improving the nation's\nproductivity, health, and well-being. Increasing\nFederal investment in basic biotechnology research\n- more -\n9\nwill spur further advances, as will initiatives\nthat improve payoffs on investments. The FY 1991\nbudget proposes $3.6 billion for biotechnology\nR&D, an increase of 6 percent over 1990.\nAgricultural Research Initiative. -- American\nfarmers are among the most productive in the\nworld. New techniques in genetics, molecular and\ncell biology have led to innovative approaches\nthat will enhance our ability to produce food,\nwhile addressing concerns of safety, nutrition and\nthe environment. The FY 1991 budget will launch a\nNational Research Initiative to more than double\nthe size of USDA's competitive grants program.\nThis will expand funds for plant and animal\nbiotechnology to $50 million, with a particular\nemphasis on mapping the genome of important crop\nplants. Like the Human Genome Initiative, this\neffort will create new opportunities to explore\nthe genetic potential of plants.\nI.\nEnergy\nNational Energy Strategy. -- The President has\ndirected Secretary of Energy Watkins to develop a\nNational Energy Strategy to guide the\nAdministration's energy policies and programs.\nThe Department has held two rounds of public\nhearings and plans to issue a draft document in\nApril. A key element of the strategy will be a\nblueprint for future energy R&D programs and\nactivities.\nClean Coal Technology. -- The Administration is\ncommitted to a $2.5 billion program to demonstrate\nemerging clean coal technologies. This program\nwill provide additional cost-effective\nalternatives for reducing acid rain.\nSolar/Renewables and Energy Conservation R&D. --\nThe President is committed to assisting the\ndevelopment of emerging technologies that offer\nthe potential to provide new sources of energy as\nwell as new ways to use it more efficiently, while\nprotecting the environment. On January 26, 1990,\nthe Department of Energy announced a new 11-point\ninitiative in this area. The FY 1991 budget\nprovides an increase of 8 percent in funding for\nconservation, solar and other renewable energy\ntechnology R&D.\n- more -\n10\nEnhanced oil and Gas Recovery Research. -- Up to\ntwo-thirds of oil and gas reserves are still left\nin the ground with conventional recovery\ntechniques. In order to stimulate the use of new\ntechnologies to increase production from these\nexisting fields, the President proposed four new\ntax initiatives, including a 10 percent credit for\nnew tertiary enhanced recovery projects. In\naddition, the FY 1991 budget proposes $17 million\nto establish oil and gas geosciences research\nconsortia with industry and universities to\nadvance the science underlying oil and gas\nrecovery.\nJ.\nAdvanced Technology\nNational Institute of Standards and Technology\n(NIST) -- The FY 1991 budget proposes $198\nmillion for NIST, a 21 percent increase over the\n1990 enacted level, and includes substantial\nincreases for core NIST research programs such as\nrobotics, lightwave technology, quality chemical\nmeasurements, and advanced semiconductor\nmeasurement. NIST research programs form the\nbasis for the development of the measurements and\nstandards on which U.S. industries depend. The FY\n1991 budget also includes increased funding for\nimprovements to NIST facilities. In addition, the\nbudget includes funding for two programs to\nencourage the development and transfer to the\nprivate sector of a wide range of advanced\ntechnologies.\n-- Manufacturing Technology Centers. -- The\nbudget proposes to continue funding for these\ncenters, requesting $5 million in FY 1991.\nThis program provides matching grants to\nuniversities or non-profit organizations to\nestablish centers for the transfer of\ninnovative, advanced manufacturing technology\nto small and medium-sized businesses.\n-- Advanced Technology Program (ATP). -- The\nbudget requests $10 million in FY 1991, the\n1990 funding level, for this program. The\nATP will provide seed money to industry-led\nconsortia doing generic, pre-competitive\nresearch into promising technologies.\nMagnetic Levitation Transportation. -- The FY 1991\nbudget proposes nearly $10 million for R&D on this\n- more -\n11\nemerging technology, an increase of almost 400\npercent. These efforts are being carried out by\nboth the Department of Transportation (about $6\nmillion) and the Army Corps of Engineers (almost\n$4 million). Each agency is pursuing a public-\nprivate partnership designed to facilitate private\ndevelopment of an operational maglev system in the\nU.S.\nK.\nNational Security\nDOD Technology Base. -- The President supports a\nstrong technology base to develop options for\nfuture weapons systems and to guard against\ntechnological surprise by adversaries. The FY\n1991 budget includes $3.4 billion for the\ntechnology base (basic and applied research)\nfunded through the Department of Defense. This\nwill support programs ranging from basic research\nin the physical sciences to development of high-\nspeed semiconductors for use in advanced\ncommunications systems and computers.\nStrategic Defense Initiative (SDI) -- The SDI\nprogram remains a high priority of the President.\nThe FY 1991 budget requests $4.5 billion for SDI,\nan increase of $0.9 billion over 1990. The SDI\nprogram is developing options for strategic\ndefenses based on advanced technologies.\nParticular emphasis is being placed on promising\nnew concepts such as the \"Brilliant Pebbles\" small\nspace-based interceptor missiles.\nIII. Encouraging Increased Private Sector R&D Investment\nPrivate sector investment accounts for about 50 percent\nof the total national investment in R&D. In addition,\nthe private sector is the principal performer for R&D\nand is ultimately responsible for transforming R&D\nresults into useful new products and processes. The\nAdministration has taken a number of steps to encourage\nincreased private sector R&D investment and\ntechnological innovation.\nEncouraging Savings and Investment. -- The\nPresident is proposing the Family Savings Account\nto stimulate increased savings that provide the\nresources needed for investments in the future.\nIn addition, the President is proposing to lower\nthe tax on capital gains in order to promote\nincreased entrepreneurial activity and investment.\n- more -\n12\nResearch and Experimentation Tax Credit. -- The\nPresident again proposes to make permanent the 20\npercent tax credit targeted specifically to\nresearch and experimentation (R&E) by allowing 100\npercent of total research expenses to be used for\nthe computation of the credit for all years after\nDecember 31, 1989. In 1989, the Congress enacted\na short-term extension in response to the\nPresident's proposal of last February.\nEncouraging R&D by Transnational Companies. -- The\nPresident proposes to make permanent the rules, as\nmodified by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act\nof 1989, for the allocation of foreign and\ndomestic R&E expenditures for companies with\nforeign operations. The proposal would also allow\n100 percent of U.S. expenditures to be covered\nrather than the current 75 percent. This proposal\nwould apply to all tax years beginning after\nAugust 1, 1990, when the current rules expire.\nIntellectual Property. -- The President is\ncommitted to pursuing aggressively improved\ninternational protection of intellectual property.\nThe current negotiations in the Uruguay Round of\nthe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade are an\nimportant forum for this activity.\nTort Reform/New Product Liability. -- The\nAdministration has endorsed changes in product\nliability laws to help restore balance to the tort\nsystem, to increase competitiveness, and to reduce\nuncertainty, particularly for new products, while\nproviding incentives to produce safe products.\n# # #\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\nFor Immediate Release\nFebruary 2, 1990\nSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS\nAND INITIATIVES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION\nFACT SHEET\nThe President announced today the appointment of the members of\nthe President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology\n(PCAST). This distinguished panel of scientists, engineers and\nindustry leaders will provide high-level advice directly to the\nPresident on a wide range of important issues concerning science\nand technology.\nAdvances in science and technology are a key to increased\neconomic competitiveness and improving our quality of life. The\nPresident's action today caps a year of vigorous activity by the\nAdministration to advance science and technology issues on a\nbroad front. The three broad areas of activity are summarized\nbelow:\nI. Strengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy\nII. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities\nIII. Encouraging Increased Private Sector Research and\nDevelopment Investment\nI.\nStrengthening Federal Science and Technology Policy\nEstablishing the National Space Council. -- The\nPresident issued an Executive Order on April 20, 1989,\nestablishing the National Space Council, chaired by the\nVice President. The Space Council provides advice and\nassistance to the President on space policy and\nstrategy and monitors and coordinates the\nimplementation of space policy among the civil,\nnational security and commercial space sectors.\nEstablishing the Administration's Council on\nCompetitiveness. -- The President established the\nCouncil on Competitiveness, chaired by the Vice\nPresident, to oversee regulatory and other\ncompetitiveness issues, such as reform of product\n- more -\n2\nliability laws. A new Working Group will coordinate\nand review Administration policy and regulations, and\nwill focus on enhancing applied research and on\nstreamlining risk-based regulation of new biotechnology\nproducts to ensure safety and promote competitive\neconomic development.\nUpgrading the Status of the Science Advisor and\nIncreasing the Budget for the Office of Science and\nTechnology Policy. -- The President has raised the\nstatus of the Science Advisor to Assistant to the\nPresident for Science and Technology. The Science\nAdvisor now participates in deliberations of the\nCabinet and of the Domestic and Economic Policy\nCouncils to ensure that science and technology issues\nare fully reflected in Administration policy\ndevelopment. In addition, the FY 1991 budget proposes\n$3.3 million for OSTP, double the FY 1989 level.\nStrengthening the Federal Coordinating Council on\nScience, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET) -- The\nScience Advisor initiated action to improve the\ninteragency coordination apparatus for science and\ntechnology by consolidating and enhancing the current\nFCCSET committee structure. Building on the successful\nexperience of the FCCSET Committee on Earth Science,\nnew committees will be formed to coordinate Federal\nefforts in education and human resource development,\nmaterials science, and others.\nReinvigorating the Council on Environmental Quality\n(CEQ) -- The President is committed to strengthening\nthe CEQ and to ensuring that it has the capacity to\nserve as an effective source of environmental analysis\nand information in the White House. Accordingly, the\nPresident's FY 1991 budget increases CEQ's budget by 90\npercent and CEQ's staff by 70 percent.\nII. Enhancing Federal Research and Development Activities\nA. Increased Investment in Federal R&D\nO\nThe President has proposed a total of $71 billion\nfor research and development (R&D), including R&D\nfacilities, in his FY 1991 budget. This is an\nincrease of $4.5 billion, or 7 percent, over FY\n1990 enacted levels.\nCivilian R&D will increase by 12 percent, and\ndefense-related R&D will increase by 4 percent.\n- more -\n3\nThe President has also proposed to allocate $12\nbillion for basic research, an increase of $1\nbillion, or 8 percent, over FY 1990. Basic\nresearch is an essential investment in the\nnation's scientific and technological future,\nincluding its future scientists and engineers.\nB.\nScience and Technology Education\nThe President has moved aggressively to address the\nshortcomings in the nation's science and technology\neducation enterprise. He has set goals for the\nnation's schools and students in science and math, and\nthe FY 1991 budget will provide over $1 billion in\ndirect spending in five agencies for science,\nmathematics and engineering education.\nNational Science Foundation (NSF) -- NSF will\nallocate $463 million in FY 1991, a 30 percent\nincrease over FY 1990, for a wide variety of\neducation activities to improve the quality of\nteachers and students, the numbers of students\nchoosing science, math, or engineering careers,\nand the numbers staying in those fields,\nparticularly those in traditionally under-\nrepresented groups.\nDepartment of Education. -- The Department will\ncontinue to build on its strong relationships with\nState educational entities. The FY 1991 budget\nproposes $230 million, an increase of 69 percent,\nfor the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and\nScience program, which provides funds to States to\nimplement improved programs for teaching math and\nscience. In addition, five million is requested\nfor the new National Science Scholars program to\nrecognize outstanding high school students by\nproviding fellowship support for them to study in\nthe fields of mathematics and science in college.\nThe Department will also launch an initiative\nunder its Upward Bound program to provide academic\nassistance and encouragement to help disadvantaged\nstudents pursue study in mathematics and science.\nNational Aeronautics and Space Administration\n(NASA) -- NASA will allocate $51 million in FY\n1991, an increase of 21 percent, for education\nactivities including the \"Spacemobile\" program,\nteacher and student workshops and research\nexperiences at NASA laboratories, and special\nefforts to increase minority participation in\nscience and engineering.\n- more -\n4\nDepartment of Energy (DOE) -- DOE will provide\n$25 million in FY 1991, a 47 percent increase, for\neducational activities including support for\ngraduate and undergraduate students and high\nschool and university faculty. DOE will implement\na new program, in collaboration with the private\nsector, to train high school faculty in the state-\nof-the-art science and technology conducted at the\nDOE laboratories.\nO\nNational Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The\nresearch training grant program will be funded at\na level of $292 million, which will support almost\n12,000 graduate trainees in research laboratories\nthroughout the nation.\nC.\nDoubling the Budget of the National Science Foundation\nThe President has maintained his strong commitment to\nthe importance of basic research by proposing $2.4\nbillion in budget authority, a more than 14 percent\nincrease, for the National Science Foundation in FY\n1991. This will continue progress toward doubling the\nNSF budget by FY 1993.\nO\nWorld-Class Research Equipment. -- The President\nhas also recognized that world-class science and\ntechnology requires world-class research\nequipment. He has supported the construction of a\nreplacement for the important radiotelescope at\nGreenbank, West Virginia, and, for FY 1991, has\nproposed the initiation or continuation of several\nhigh-priority, specialized research facilities\nincluding the National High Magnetic Field\nLaboratory, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational\nWave Observatory, and two 8-meter optical/infrared\ntelescopes.\nO\nAcademic Research Facilities Modernization. -- In\naddition to research support, the President will\nalso continue the Academic Research Facilities\nmodernization program begun by NSF in FY 1990.\nContinuing the program will increase management\nexperience and permit evaluation of its impact on\nU.S. science and technology.\nU.S. Antarctic Program. -- NSF manages the U.S.\nAntarctic Program for the government. This\nprogram supports national goals in the Antarctic\nand is the principal expression of the U.S.\npresence on the Antarctic continent. The FY 1991\n- more -\n5\nbudget will expand an important environmental,\nsafety, and health initiative in the Antarctic to\nensure that this world scientific resource is\npreserved and that the safety and health of\nscientists working on the continent are assured.\nD.\nUnderstanding and Exploring Space\nThe President is committed to a continuing, active and\nexciting American presence in space -- indeed, to\nAmerica's leadership in space science and exploration.\nOverall, the FY 1991 budget proposes $15.2 billion for\nNASA, an increase of $2.9 billion, or 24 percent.\nNASA's budget has increased by almost 40 percent over\nFY 1989.\nO\nSpace Shuttle. -- The current fleet of three Space\nShuttles are the world's most versatile launch\nvehicles. In FY 1989, the Space Shuttle fleet\ncompleted four successful flights. The Space\nShuttle Columbia recently accomplished the\nspectacular retrieval of the Long Duration\nExposure Facility. The FY 1991 budget proposes\n$4.2 billion, an increase of 22 percent, for Space\nShuttle production and operations. This funding\nwill allow for a safe build-up to 10 Shuttle\nflights, the delivery of the fourth Shuttle,\nEndeavor, and enhancements such as the Advanced\nSolid Rocket Motor and the Extended Duration\nOrbiter capability.\nSpace Station Freedom. -- Space Station Freedom is\nthe largest international R&D project ever\nundertaken. In FY 1989, the program underwent a\nreevaluation that has resulted in a more\nachievable program and funding profile. The FY\n1991 budget continues the President's commitment\nto the Space Station by proposing a total of $2.6\nbillion, an increase of 36 percent. This will\nprovide for the critical transition from design to\nactual fabrication.\nO\nMoon/Mars Exploration. -- On July 20, 1989, the\nPresident proposed that America undertake an\nambitious mission of manned exploration of the\nsolar system. This journey will begin with the\nfirst step in the FY 1991 budget towards this new\ngoal -- nearly $1.3 billion, an increase of 47\npercent -- to support robotic science missions and\nto develop the pacing and innovative technologies\nthat will be needed. of particular interest is\nthe continued commitment of the Administration to\n- more -\n6\nthe National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program. In\nFY 1989 the National Space Council reviewed and\nrevised this program in keeping with a more stable\nand sustainable pace of technology and funding.\nSpace Science and Applications. -- The U.S. is\ncommitted to maintaining its world leadership in\nspace science. An exciting new era of discovery\nhas now begun in unmanned planetary exploration,\nastronomy, and Earth observations. In 1989, three\nimportant scientific missions were launched:\nMagellan to Venus, Galileo to Jupiter, and the\nCosmic Background Explorer. The FY 1991 budget\nproposes $3.3 billion, an increase of 22 percent,\nfor the continued support of missions planned for\nlaunch in 1990 including the Hubble Space\nTelescope, the Gamma Ray Observatory, and the\nUlysses mission to explore the Sun, and\ndevelopment of future missions such as the Comet\nRendezvous/Asteroid Flyby and the Cassini mission\nto Saturn.\nE.\nGlobal Environmental Change\nO\nU.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) --\nThe U.S. is the world leader in global change\nresearch. The President has endorsed the USGCRP,\na coordinated, multi-agency research program of\nspace- and ground-based research and observations\ndesigned to provide a sound scientific basis for\nrational policy decisionmaking on global change\nissues. The FY 1991 budget proposes over $1\nbillion for this effort, an increase of 57\npercent.\nMission to Planet Earth (MTPE) -- On July 20, the\nPresident also affirmed the importance of NASA's\ncontribution to the USGCRP, Mission to Planet\nEarth. The largest part of this initiative\nconsists of a major new program for FY 1991, the\nEarth Observing System, a series of space\nplatforms and instruments developed by the U.S.,\nEurope and Japan, which will collect a broad\nspectrum of environmental data related to global\nwarming, drought, oceans, etc. MTPE will permit,\nfor the first time, an analysis of Earth as an\nintegrated system.\nInternational Activities. -- The President\nbelieves that continuing U.S. scientific\nleadership is needed to address global\nenvironmental issues. In the past year, the\n- more -\n7\nPresident announced U.S. support for a worldwide\nphaseout of chloroflurocarbon (CFC) production to\nthe extent safe substitutes are available. In\n1990, the U.S. will host the Plenary Session of\nthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\n(IPCC) in February; a meeting of the world's\neconomic, scientific, and environmental officials\nto discuss global environmental issues in the\nSpring; and the first negotiation session on the\nFramework Convention on Climate Change in late\nFall.\nF.\nEnvironment\nO\nClean Air Act. -- The President demonstrated his\ncommitment to clean air by transmitting Clean Air\nAct Amendments to Congress in July 1989. The\nPresident's plan allows for both environmental\nprotection and economic development and is based\non a commitment to using the best science\navailable. In support of his Clean Air proposals,\nthe FY 1991 air research budget of the\nEnvironmental Protection Agency will increase by\n$8 million to a total of $95 million.\nG.\nThe Superconducting Super Collider and High Energy\nPhysics\nO\nThe Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) -- The\nSSC will provide an enormous advance in the\ncapability to explore the secrets of matter and\nenergy. Over the past year, the Department of\nEnergy has established the SSC laboratory at a\nsite near Dallas, Texas. The new laboratory team\nis conducting a thorough reevaluation of all\ntechnical systems with particular attention to\nmagnet design and technical performance of the\naccelerator. In FY 1989, research continued on\nthe design and testing of magnets. Approximately\n8,000 magnets will be used in the 53-mile SSC\ntunnel. In addition, during FY 1989, DOE\ncontinued work on the site-specific Environmental\nImpact Statement (EIS). The EIS is necessary\nbefore DOE makes a decision on the \"footprint\" of\nthe SSC and starts acquiring land for the project.\nO\nHigh Energy and Nuclear Physics. -- The President\nsupports a robust program of research in the areas\nof high-energy and nuclear physics, which offer\nthe prospects of increasing our knowledge of the\nbasic constituents of matter. Last year,\n- more -\n8\nscientists discovered and conducted measurements\nof the Z-nought particle utilizing the recently\nupgraded Stanford Linear Collider. The Z-nought\nparticle is important because it transmits one of\nthe basic forces between elementary particles.\nThe FY 1991 budget provides a funding increase of\n8 percent to continue research at Stanford and the\nthree other large accelerator centers: the\nBrookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, the\nCornell Electron Storage Ring in New York State,\nand the Fermilab National Laboratory.\nH.\nLife Sciences\nO\nHuman Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune\nDeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). -- The\nAdministration remains committed to making\ncontinued progress against HIV and AIDS. Five\ntherapies have been approved for use, and since\nJanuary 1989 over 35 clinical trials have been\ninitiated in a search for additional therapeutic\ndrugs. The Administration has recently taken\naction to enable State Medicaid programs to cover\nthe costs of the drug AZT for HIV-infected\nindividuals who do not yet exhibit AIDS symptoms.\nThe FY 1991 budget proposes $3.5 billion in total\nfor HIV/AIDS research, treatment, prevention and\nincome support, an increase of 18 percent.\nHuman Genome Project. -- The evolution of genetic\nengineering techniques over the last decade has\nenabled the initiation of one of the most exciting\nscience projects ever undertaken -- the\ndevelopment of a map of the full complement of\nhuman genetic material (the human genome). Such\nan undertaking will vastly increase our\nunderstanding of the nature and cause of many\ndiseases. Over the past year, important advances\nhave already been made, such as the identification\nof the gene that accounts for a large proportion\nof all cystic fibrosis cases. The FY 1991 budget\nproposes $108 million for the National Institutes\nof Health and $46 million for the Department of\nEnergy to pursue collaboratively this important\nproject.\nBiotechnology. -- Recent breakthroughs in\nbiotechnology, such as recombinant DNA techniques,\ncell fusion and gene therapy, offer unprecedented\nopportunities for improving the nation's\nproductivity, health, and well-being. Increasing\nFederal investment in basic biotechnology research\n- more -\n9\nwill spur further advances, as will initiatives\nthat improve payoffs on investments. The FY 1991\nbudget proposes $3.6 billion for biotechnology\nR&D, an increase of 6 percent over 1990.\nAgricultural Research Initiative. -- American\nfarmers are among the most productive in the\nworld. New techniques in genetics, molecular and\ncell biology have led to innovative approaches\nthat will enhance our ability to produce food,\nwhile addressing concerns of safety, nutrition and\nthe environment. The FY 1991 budget will launch a\nNational Research Initiative to more than double\nthe size of USDA's competitive grants program.\nThis will expand funds for plant and animal\nbiotechnology to $50 million, with a particular\nemphasis on mapping the genome of important crop\nplants. Like the Human Genome Initiative, this\neffort will create new opportunities to explore\nthe genetic potential of plants.\nI.\nEnergy\nO\nNational Energy Strategy. -- The President has\ndirected Secretary of Energy Watkins to develop a\nNational Energy Strategy to guide the\nAdministration's energy policies and programs.\nThe Department has held two rounds of public\nhearings and plans to issue a draft document in\nApril. A key element of the strategy will be a\nblueprint for future energy R&D programs and\nactivities.\nClean Coal Technology. -- The Administration is\ncommitted to a $2.5 billion program to demonstrate\nemerging clean coal technologies. This program\nwill provide additional cost-effective\nalternatives for reducing acid rain.\nSolar/Renewables and Energy Conservation R&D. --\nThe President is committed to assisting the\ndevelopment of emerging technologies that offer\nthe potential to provide new sources of energy as\nwell as new ways to use it more efficiently, while\nprotecting the environment. On January 26, 1990,\nthe Department of Energy announced a new 11-point\ninitiative in this area. The FY 1991 budget\nprovides an increase of 8 percent in funding for\nconservation, solar and other renewable energy\ntechnology R&D.\n- more -\n10\nEnhanced Oil and Gas Recovery Research. -- Up to\ntwo-thirds of oil and gas reserves are still left\nin the ground with conventional recovery\ntechniques. In order to stimulate the use of new\ntechnologies to increase production from these\nexisting fields, the President proposed four new\ntax initiatives, including a 10 percent credit for\nnew tertiary enhanced recovery projects. In\naddition, the FY 1991 budget proposes $17 million\nto establish oil and gas geosciences research\nconsortia with industry and universities to\nadvance the science underlying oil and gas\nrecovery.\nJ.\nAdvanced Technology\nO\nNational Institute of Standards and Technology\n(NIST). -- The FY 1991 budget proposes $198\nmillion for NIST, a 21 percent increase over the\n1990 enacted level, and includes substantial\nincreases for core NIST research programs such as\nrobotics, lightwave technology, quality chemical\nmeasurements, and advanced semiconductor\nmeasurement. NIST research programs form the\nbasis for the development of the measurements and\nstandards on which U.S. industries depend. The FY\n1991 budget also includes increased funding for\nimprovements to NIST facilities. In addition, the\nbudget includes funding for two programs to\nencourage the development and transfer to the\nprivate sector of a wide range of advanced\ntechnologies.\n-- Manufacturing Technology Centers. -- The\nbudget proposes to continue funding for these\ncenters, requesting $5 million in FY 1991.\nThis program provides matching grants to\nuniversities or non-profit organizations to\nestablish centers for the transfer of\ninnovative, advanced manufacturing technology\nto small and medium-sized businesses.\n-- Advanced Technology Program (ATP). -- The\nbudget requests $10 million in FY 1991, the\n1990 funding level, for this program. The\nATP will provide seed money to industry-led\nconsortia doing generic, pre-competitive\nresearch into promising technologies.\nMagnetic Levitation Transportation. -- The FY 1991\nbudget proposes nearly $10 million for R&D on this\n- more -\n11\nemerging technology, an increase of almost 400\npercent. These efforts are being carried out by\nboth the Department of Transportation (about $6\nmillion) and the Army Corps of Engineers (almost\n$4 million). Each agency is pursuing a public-\nprivate partnership designed to facilitate private\ndevelopment of an operational maglev system in the\nU.S.\nK.\nNational Security\nDOD Technology Base. -- The President supports a\nstrong technology base to develop options for\nfuture weapons systems and to guard against\ntechnological surprise by adversaries. The FY\n1991 budget includes $3.4 billion for the\ntechnology base (basic and applied research)\nfunded through the Department of Defense. This\nwill support programs ranging from basic research\nin the physical sciences to development of high-\nspeed semiconductors for use in advanced\ncommunications systems and computers.\nStrategic Defense Initiative (SDI) -- The SDI\nprogram remains a high priority of the President.\nThe FY 1991 budget requests $4.5 billion for SDI,\nan increase of $0.9 billion over 1990. The SDI\nprogram is developing options for strategic\ndefenses based on advanced technologies.\nParticular emphasis is being placed on promising\nnew concepts such as the \"Brilliant Pebbles\" small\nspace-based interceptor missiles.\nIII. Encouraging Increased Private Sector R&D Investment\nPrivate sector investment accounts for about 50 percent\nof the total national investment in R&D. In addition,\nthe private sector is the principal performer for R&D\nand is ultimately responsible for transforming R&D\nresults into useful new products and processes. The\nAdministration has taken a number of steps to encourage\nincreased private sector R&D investment and\ntechnological innovation.\nEncouraging Savings and Investment. -- The\nPresident is proposing the Family Savings Account\nto stimulate increased savings that provide the\nresources needed for investments in the future.\nIn addition, the President is proposing to lower\nthe tax on capital gains in order to promote\nincreased entrepreneurial activity and investment.\n- more -\n12\nResearch and Experimentation Tax Credit. -- The\nPresident again proposes to make permanent the 20\npercent tax credit targeted specifically to\nresearch and experimentation (R&E) by allowing 100\npercent of total research expenses to be used for\nthe computation of the credit for all years after\nDecember 31, 1989. In 1989, the Congress enacted\na short-term extension in response to the\nPresident's proposal of last February.\nEncouraging R&D by Transnational Companies. -- The\nPresident proposes to make permanent the rules, as\nmodified by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act\nof 1989, for the allocation of foreign and\ndomestic R&E expenditures for companies with\nforeign operations. The proposal would also allow\n100 percent of U.S. expenditures to be covered\nrather than the current 75 percent. This proposal\nwould apply to all tax years beginning after\nAugust 1, 1990, when the current rules expire.\nIntellectual Property. -- The President is\ncommitted to pursuing aggressively improved\ninternational protection of intellectual property.\nThe current negotiations in the Uruguay Round of\nthe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade are an\nimportant forum for this activity.\nTort Reform/New Product Liability. -- The\nAdministration has endorsed changes in product\nliability laws to help restore balance to the tort\nsystem, to increase competitiveness, and to reduce\nuncertainty, particularly for new products, while\nproviding incentives to produce safe products.\n# # #\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\nFor Immediate Release\nApril 23, 1990\nREMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT\nTO THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES\nNational Academy of Sciences Headquarters Building\nWashington, D.C.\n2:09 P.M. EDT\nTHE PRESIDENT: Apologies for being late. To the\ndistinguished members of the National Academy all. And to Dr.\nPress and Dr. Ebert, Dr. Raven, Dr. Gordon, Dr. Blout. Now we start\non our side -- Dr. Bromley. (Laughter.) Jim Watkins, a member of\nour Cabinet. Admiral Truly, ladies and gentlemen: it really is an\nhonor to be with you today.\nWe stand at a very interesting time. And the advice and\ncouncil of this academy has been really crucial to American\npresidents for well over a century. And I'm proud to be the latest\nto come over here to say thank you. We also stand at a moment of\nwondrous prosperity. But our wealth goes far beyond the merely\nmaterial. Ours is an intellectual prosperity, unprecedented in\nhistory. For that and the health and security it affords this nation\nand the world, gratitude is owed to the men and women who have\ncommitted their minds and lives to science.\nThose devoted to such work -- its patient searching, its\npassionate struggles have engaged themselves in mankind's most\nexalted mission and the mind's manifest destiny: the search for\nunderstanding. That's what it all boils down to.\nPresident Lincoln established this great institution in\nthe dark hours of our nation's greatest crisis -- which testifies to\nthe enduring importance of scientific knowledge. In the years that\nfollowed, your academy has responded to urgent national needs in\ntimes of war and peace.\nWhen this magnificent building was dedicated, Calvin\nCoolidge predicted \"a new day in scientific research. A new sun is\nrising, he said. He was right. The awesome scientific advances of\nthis century, many of which you've brought about, bring us ever\ncloser to the understanding that's required of the universe, its\norigins, and our own. And science has told us a stranger and more\nwondrous story than myth might ever have written for us.\nFourscore and 10 or 20 billion years ago, the theory\ngoes, it all began -- with a universe of energy and mass unimaginably\nhot and compressed, containing everything that would become what we\nnow see in the heavens. And then, science tells us, in one\nincomprehensively powerful instant, energy and matter of every kind\nexploded in every direction. or as a layman might explain it,\nsomebody hit that cosmic baseball right out of the park. (Laughter.)\nBut while the pace of cosmic change may have begin with\nblinding speed and slowed down since, the pace of our scientific\nevolution has been rapidly accelerating. Growing in intensity like a\nseries of chain reactions in a critical mass of highly-trained\nAmerican grey matter touching off scientific and technical\nrevolutions in every direction.\nToday, I wanted to come over here to outline the role\nthat this administration is playing to advance those revolutions.\nBecause as the pace of science accelerates, I believe that government\nmust keep pace -- and will keep pace.\nMORE\n- 2 -\nFirst, we've moved to better integrate science and\ntechnology into the policy process. We've created an interagency\nworking group that will more closely link science and technology --\nlink their considerations with the policy-making process of the\nEconomic and Domestic Policy Councils.\nMy Assistant for Science and Technology, Dr. Bromley,\nchairs this working group and participates in those councils,\nadvising them on matters related to science and technology, as well\nas serving on the National Space Council.\nAnd we're also committed to greater cross-fertilization\nwith talent from the private sector, on issues ranging from pure\nresearch to manufacturing performance. So this year we created a\nPresident's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology experts\nwhose guidance I value and depend on. I've already had two meetings\nwith that group, myself. We'll also be looking for counsel from this\nacademy's new manufacturing forum, just announced this month.\nWe want to advance America's tradition of innovation, and\nwe intend to get the biggest bang for the federal buck. And this\nadministration has also taken steps to reinvigorate the Federal\nCoordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology, in\norder to assure that the federal investments in R&D programs are\nclosely integrated across these agency boundaries.\nIn January, we sent a budget to Congres that includes a\nrecord $71 billion for research and development; an investment in a\nstronger economy, a more secure nation and, indeed, a brighter\nfuture. Our administration is committed to investing in the future;\nit's evident in the policies we're creating and the budget we're\ncalling for, with everything from a 24-percent increase for NASA, to\nour support of a major agricultural research initiative.\nTo improve the international competitiveness of American\nindustry and our overall standard of living, we've called for a\npermanent extension of the research and experimentation tax credit.\nAnd we're working to lower the cost of capital and clear away\nregulatory burdens so that industry can make the kinds of investment\nthat the future demands.\nAlong with the applied, market-driven knowledge so\ncrucial to this country's competitive future, let me reaffirm two\nother priorities:\nFirst and I'm going to keep talking about this one --\nmath and science education. We understand that only with a new\ngeneration of scientists and engineers will your work and America's\npreeminence be assured. And so we're engaged in a broad initiative\nof reform and restructuring in cooperation with the states. It's an\neffort that began with our first-ever education summit with the\nnation's governors last fall. And our goal is to make American\nstudents first in the world in science and math achievement by the\nend of this century, and to convince more women and minorities to\nstudy science.\nWe're providing a number of new incentives for students,\nlike the National Science Scholars Program that I've proposed. We're\nopening the doors of federal laboratories, facilities, and agencies\nto students and teachers. Our budget increases funding by 26 percent\nto over $1 billion for science, math, and engineering education,\nthrough the Departments of Education, Energy, Interior and others, as\nwell as the National Science Foundation and NASA.\nAnd today, I ask our industrial and business communities\nto create new alliances for education, mobilizing more of this\nnation's great technical resources for the sake of the future. We\nare committed to ensuring that America has the brainpower to remain\nat the forefront.\nA second priority of this administration is basic\nMORE\n- 3 -\nresearch the historical wellspring of this nation's well-being.\nScience must be able to continue seeking answers to our most\nfundamental questions.\nFor such reasons our budget calls for increasing funding\nfor the U.S. Global Change Research Program by 57 percent, to over $1\nbillion. And earlier this year, I reiterated my commitment to double\nthe National Science Foundation budget by 1993. Today, I want to\ncall on Congress put our money where our future is. Put an\nincreased National Science Foundation budget back on track.\nToday, science and technology are assuming a broader and\nmore interrelated role in human life than ever before. And they're\nbecoming forces for historical change.\nSatellites already help us study the Earth's natural\nsystems and assess environmental threats. And the mission to Planet\nEarth will further our work of global stewardship.\nBut this past year, in the Revolution of '89, we've also\nseen communication satellites, along with video cameras and VCRs and\nFAX machines, becoming a potent force for peace -- both a product of\nscience and a source of conscience -- bringing the actions of nations\nbefore the eyes of the world.\nPictures from Poland and South Africa, scenes on the\nBerlin Wall the eye of technology has proved more powerful than\nchisels for breaking down barriers, etching the idea of freedom on\nthe psyche of humanity, and setting off a wondrous, hopeful,\npolitical chain reaction worldwide.\nIt's no accident that many of the individuals at the\ncenter of today's worldwide political revolutions share a vision of\nthe future based on personal freedom, openness, and freedom of\ninquiry. These values are shared by our political system and by\nscience alike. Science, like any field of endeavor, relies on\nfreedom of inquiry. And one of the hallmarks of that freedom is\nobjectivity.\nNow more than ever on issues ranging from climate\nchange to AIDS research, to genetic engineering, to food additives\n-- government relies on the impartial perspective of science for\nguidance. And as the frontiers of knowledge are increasingly distant\nfrom the understanding of the many, it is ever more important that we\ncan turn to the few for sound, straightforward advice.\nThe National Academy of Sciences is renowned for\nobjectivity and immunity to partisan pressures. Your impartial\nguidance has been invaluable to American presidents and to the\nAmerican people for well over a century. So I am confident that the\nmembers of this body, the most distinguished scientists in America,\nwill continue the tradition that has been the Academy's hallmark.\nOn this I know we agree, because so many of our technical\nand scientific achievemens have been the products of independent\nminds. And if the Earth-moving events of 1989 reminded us of\nanything at all, it's that complex bureaucracies and centralized\nplanning don't work well in the governance of societies. We will not\ntry to impose them on science.\nJust as entrepreneurs and small businesses fuel the\ngrowth of the American economy, the backbone of American science is\nits brilliant array of individual investigators spread across the\nnation.\nAmong so many, think of Chester Carlson, who invented the\nphotocopy machine in a little room over a Long Island pub. or\nBarbara McClintock, working alone, who made monumental discoveries in\ngenetics nearly 50 years ago that the world began to understand only\nin the last decade.\nLook, of course, I can't claim to comprehend how science\nMORE\n- 4 -\ndoes its work. Like many, my scientific understanding has been\ninfluenced by those Gary Larson cartoons. (Laughter.) Like the one\nwhere, after detailed calculations, Einstein discovers that time is\nactually money.\nI'm not here as an expert, but as a believer. And one of\nthe best things government can do to support the magnificent\ncreativity and energy of the American technical community is to\nlocate individual scientists with talent, furnish them with adequate\nresources and state-of-the-art instrumentation -- through agencies\nlike our marvelous National Institutes of Health, the National\nScience Foundation, and then the Departments of Defense and Energy\nand others - to help these investigators make progress.\nBut there are also scientific challenges that, because of\ntheir unprecedented scope and importance, demand unusual support and\ninternational cooperation. Already, the European Space Agency,\nJapan, and Canada are making hardware contributions valued at more\nthan $7 billion for Space Station Freedom, a key component of our\nSpace Exploration Initiative. Combined with our total investment of\nabout $19 billion, this will be the largest international R&D project\never undertaken.\nWe're exploring new ways to encourage international\ncooperation on the big science projects, like mapping the human\ngenome, global change research, and the superconducting super\ncollider - -- a technological giant that will recreate the fireball of\nour origins and allow us to study forms of matter that haven't\nexisted since the birth of the universe.\nThere's a vote coming up in Congress this week on that\nsuper collider, so I'd like to call on the members to support that\nproject, as well as our NASA budget. Only by doing so will we keep\nAmerica on the leading edge of advancing human knowledge and pushing\nthe limits of space exploration.\nTomorrow morning, the space shuttle is scheduled to lift\ninto the heavens the most sophisticated celestial object that mankind\nhas ever built - the Hubble Telescope - with the power to see the\nends of the universe and back to the birth of time. I understand\nit's half a billion times more sensitive than the human eye. You\ntalk about the vision thing try on the Hubble Telescope for size.\n(Laughter.)\nBut on the southwest grounds of this great academy rests a\nbronze memorial to a scientist who helped define mankind's\nunderstanding of time and space, of matter and energy. Among the\nengravings on that memorial are words of wonder -- about the \"joy and\namazement,\" Einstein felt, \"at the beauty and grandeur of this world\nof which man can just form a faint notion.\" Your work, the work of\nscience, daily brings that beauty and grandeur into sharper focus.\nI'm blessed to be President at this fascinating time in\nthe history of the world, in the history of our country. And as\nPresident, I can assure you of this: my administration is committed\nto supporting you as you pursue the knowledge that illuminates the\nworld. Knowledge that will surely, ceaselessly continue to bring\nbenefit to all mankind.\nThank you very much for what you do, and God bless each\nand every one of you. Thank you.\nEND\n2:28 P.M. EDT\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\nFor Immediate Release\nNovember 13, 1990\nREMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT\nAT PRESENTATION OF\nNATIONAL MEDALS OF SCIENCE AND NATIONAL MEDALS OF TECHNOLOGY\nThe East Room\n2:01 P.M. EST\nTHE PRESIDENT: Welcome everybody. Thank you all.\nPlease be seated and delighted to see you here. Pleased to see\nSecretary Mosbacher, our Secretary of Commerce; Secretary Watkins,\nSecretary of Energy. And, of course ,Dr. Bromley; Admiral Truly,\nright here in front, of NASA. Mike -- Governor Castle, good to see\nyou, sir. And we especially want to greet our honored guests, this\nextraordinary gathering of scientific and technological genius.\nWelcome to the White House and welcome to the presentation of the\n1990 National Medals of Science and the National Medals of\nTechnology.\nThe timing of these awards is fortuitous. A year ago\nthis week, Barbara and I awarded medals to some of the artistic\ngiants of our time: Alfred Eisenstaedt and Dizzy Gillespie and John\nUpdike, among others. And with all that assembled talent, guess what\nled the evening news. The Rose Garden presentation of the National\nTurkey. (Laughter.) So you're in luck. (Laughter.) This year the\nturkey doesn't arrive until Thursday. (Laughter.)\nAnd this gathering marks a proud moment for me, just as\nit was when this year's Nobel Prizes were announced, and it turned\nout that eight of the nine winners in science and economics were born\nin the United States of America. It is, indeed, a tribute to\nAmerica's frontier spirit and to our nation's steadfast resolve and\nsense of the future. For when it comes to leadership in science and\ntechnology, best in America means best in the world.\nAmerica's tradition of excellence has long been nurtured\nby a tradition of free inquiry aimed at the simple goal of better\nunderstanding ourselves and the world. In the 1945 report that led\nto the founding of the N.S.F., the National Science Foundation,\nVannevar Bush -- no relation -- wrote that, \"As long as scientists\nare free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, there will be a\nflow of new scientific knowledge to those who can apply it to\npractical problems.\"\nAnd so it is today. More and more, nearly every product\nfrom electronics to agriculture incorporates the latest in\ntechnology. And more and more, our nation depends on basic\nscientific research to spur economic growth, longer and healthier\nlives, a more secure world and, indeed, a safer environment.\nToday, our government must help carry that research\nforward and contribute to the development of generic technologies\nthat build on basic discoveries. If America is to maintain and\nstrengthen our competitive position, we must continue not only to\ncreate new technologies, but learn to more effectively translate\nthose technologies into commercial products. In this way, we can\nhelp leverage the R&D of the private sector, helping whole industries\nadvance in an increasingly competitive global market.\nThe budget highlights our administration's commitment to\nMORE\n- 2 -\nscience and technology. We won double-digit increases for both NASA\nand the N.S.F. and expanded funds to investigate global climate\nchange. We remain committed to doing even more, doubling the N.S.F.\nbudget over five years and extending the tax credit for R&E --\nresearch and experimentation. And we're going to keep raising\nAmerica's sights. Space Station Freedom will give us a permanent\npresence in Earth orbit and the Space Exploration Initiative will\ntake us to the Moon and Mars and beyond back to space, back to the\nfuture, and this time, back to stay.\nThirty years from now, when the Nobel Prizes are\nannounced, I want America to be well represented. And 30 years from\nnow, when the Medals of Science and of Technology are bestowed, I\nwant today. to see America graced by a group as accomplished as that here\nMany of today's honorees serve as prime examples of how\nwe can effectively translate basic science into commerical\ntechnology. I think of Millie Dresselhaus, arguably the most\nimportant and prominent woman physicist and engineer of her\ngeneration, whose hard work helped to revolutionize semiconductors.\nor Allan Cormack whose pioneering efforts earned him a Nobel Prize\nand made CAT scan a household word. And scholars as diverse as\nBoston's Baruj Benacerraf or Seattle's Donnall Thomas -- another\nNobel laureate whose contributions to immunology may lead to new\nanswers in our battle against cancer and AIDS. Scientists like you\nhave, indeed, helped America to understand that AIDS is a disease,\nnot a disgrace. And scientists like you have helped America to\nappreciate our responsibility to those who are living with HIV and\nAIDS. And they deserve our compassion, they deserve our care, and\nthey deserve more than a chance -- they deserve a cure.\nAnother legacy of these prestigious medals and the work\nthey honor must be the cultivation of excellence in science and math\nin classrooms across America. The National Science Scholars program\nwe proposed soon after taking office has now been enacted and will\nencourage budding scholars of today to become the scientists of\ntomorrow. Guiding our efforts is an ambitious but critical goal for\nthis decade: By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the\nworld in science and math.\nThis week is Education Week, and its theme is \"Educating\nEveryone Takes Everyone.\" A fitting motto for the challenges that\nlie ahead. If we are truly to remain a world leader in science and\ntechnology, then we must achieve a renaissance of quality in our\nschools and we must tap the talent, the energy, and the commitment of\nall our families, businesses, and universities.\nThe people we honor today are American trailblazers,\nreal-life pioneers who pressed the very limits of their fields. You\nhave distinguished not only yourselves, but also your nation. And\nthat's why America continues to need, and want, and appreciate your\ncreativity, your genius and your diversity.\nThank you. Congratulations to all. And God bless the\nUnited States. Thank you for coming. (Applause.)\n(The awards are presented.)\nEND\n2:10 P.M. EST\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\nFor Immediate Release\nSeptember 16, 1991\nREMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT\nDURING PRESENTATION OF NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE\nAND NATIONAL MEDAL OF TECHNOLOGY\nThe Rose Garden\n10:30 A.M. EDT\nTHE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Please be seated, and let me\nwelcome the dignitaries -- that's almost everybody. I don't know who\nis excluded, but (laughter) -- first, Secretary Mosbacher and\nSecretary Lujan here -- Bob over my shoulder -- Allan Bromley, my\nScience Advisor; Henson Moore, I believe is to be here, of Energy;\nand, of course, Rock Schnabel of Commerce; Walter Massey, the\nDirector of the National Science Foundation. And then finally and\nperhaps most important today, our honorees and their friends and\nfamilies. It's my pleasure to welcome all of you to this steamy Rose\nGarden. (Laughter.)\nAnd with us today are five Nobel Laureates, leading\nengineers of the Informaton Age, authors of some of this century's\nworld-changing discoveries and inventions. Men and women whose\nquantum leaps of learning compress generations of knowledge within a\nsingle lifetime of achievement. From the first moments of creation\nto the frontiers of the solar system and now, with Voyager, beyond:\nyour knowledge spans the broad canvas of human endeavor.\nSome of you are not only experts in your field, you\ninvented your field. Your quests and questions produced new\ndisciplines, new knowledge, new ways of looking at our world.\nAnd today, your nation recognizes your monumental\naccomplishments, honors the differences you have made: advancing\nhuman understanding, improving the human condition, helping mankind\nconquer ignorance and illness, helping this nation compete and\nprosper.\nToday's award winners range in age from the Pegasus Team\n-- a group of precocious 40-something scientists and one 37-year-old\n-- who designed and built the world's first private space rocket to\nAdmiral Grace Hopper, born in 1906, who pioneered the revolution that\nput personal computers on the desks of millions of Americans -- and\ndragged even this President into the computer age. (Laughter.)\nI was asked for a report. It's been almost six months\nsince my first computer lesson, and I'm making progress. I make the\nsame mistakes, but I do it five times faster. It's marvelous.\n(Laughter.)\nThe men and women we honor exemplify not simply the life\nof the mind, but the spirit of adventure and risk that accompanies\nthe quest for advancement.\nTake Stephen Bechtel, whose vision helped a city spring\nfrom the Saudi desert, helped turn the Arctic waters of James Bay\ninto a source of energy for millions of North Americans, and who's\nnow helping Kuwait rise up from the ashes of war.\nConsider Colonel Stapp, John Paul Stapp, expert on the\nhuman impact of G-forces stress. When his experiments became too\nMORE\n- 2 -\ndangerous to impose on others, Colonel Stapp became his own subject.\nAnd as a former Naval aviator, I can hardly believe he's withstopd 40\nGs: That's the same as going from 632 miles per hour to a dead stop\nin 1.4 seconds. Colonel Stapp put himself on the line and made\nflying safer for everyone from passengers on commuter shuttles to the\nastronauts now orbiting the Earth on Discovery.\nFrom the work of a single individual come benefits that\ncan banish suffering and prolong life for many millions of people.\nConsider the career of Gertrude Elion, Nobel Prize-winning\nbiochemist. Her life's work spans the quest to defeat Leukemia and\nMalaria disorders. to today's battle against AIDs and other immune system\nTogether, your efforts transformed our world. And yet,\nas a nation, our honor for all you've done falls short if we fail to\nsustain your forward march. This administration has proposed what\nprogress demands: record funding levels for research and\ndevelopment, with funds channeled to the individual investigator and\nsmall research teams that so often redefine state-of-the-art. To\nadvance technology, we've focused funds on the areas of energy and\naeronautics, biotechnology and advanced materials, high performance\ncomputing and communications.\nTo advance science and engineering research, we've urged\nCongress to approve an 18-percent increase in funding for the\nNational Science Foundation, keeping us on track with our commitment\nto double spending on that vital research arm by the year 1994. Our\ncommitment to science and technology proves beyond doubt we will not\nshortchange the future.\nIn the words of Astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble:\n\"Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him,\nand calls the adventure science.' Well, science and technology hold\nopen the hope of infinite possibility -- of answers that eluded\nEinstein, of a new world free from fear and want. And that same\nchild. shining future the new world of possibility . -- exists within every\nIn the end, progress of enlightenment comes down to\neducation, and what are we doing to cultivate the children sitting\ntoday in classrooms around the country - the generation we'll ask to\nprovide solutions to the challenges of a new century, answers to\nquestions that haven't even yet been asked.\nUnless we act immediately, the next generation may not\nbe equipped to follow in your footsteps. All of you know our\nnational education goals and the strategy that we call America 2000\n-- our challenge to everyone with a stake in our schools to literally\nreinvent American education. Well, right now, in some studies of\nmath and science aptitude, U.S. students rank dead last amongst the\nindustrialized nations. And that one statistic alone should shake us\nout of our complacency and show us the scope of the challenge that we\nface.\n,If we're going to be first in the world in math and\nscience by 2000, there's not a moment to waste. Because we're\nserious, next year's budget targets $661 million for precollege math\nand science education - -- a one-year increase of 28 percent.\nAnd today, I salute every one of you who has taken the\ntime to share your wisdom in the classroom. I mentioned earlier that\nwe have five Nobel laureates with us today. Let me recognize another\nmedal-winner- for a singular distinction: Elvin Kabat, who's had the\nsatisfaction of seeing one of his students go on to win a Nobel.\nWe must preserve the vital connection between teaching\nand research. That's the idea behind the Commerce Department's\nMORE\n- 3 -\nTechnology Heroes Program - to turn Medal of Technology winners into\nrole models for our kids. And that's why, today, I am pleased to\nannounce the establishment of the Presidential Faculty Fellows\nProgram -- to provide 5-year grants totaling $500, to as many as\neach of 30 young faculty members each year. These grants will\nsupport young scholars in their path-breaking work in science and\ntechnology and their teaching in the classroom. Perhaps years from\nnow, some of those Presidential Faculty Fellows will have their own\nday here in the Rose Garden.\nIn honoring each of you, this nation honors the\nboundless horizons of the human mind, the soaring spirit of inquiry,\nthe special genius of the architects who fashion today's fantastic\nidea into tomorrow's usable tool. Your work stands as its own\nreward; so let me simply add your nation's thanks.\nOnce again, welcome to the White House. Congratulations\non your well-deserved honors. Now, with the help of Dr. Massey and\nSecretary Mosbacher and Dr. Allan Bromley, we will present the\nawards.\nThank you all very much. (Applause.)\n(The awards are presented.)\nTHE PRESIDENT: Well done to the presenter. I guess\nthat concludes it, doesn't it?\nThank you all and, again, my congratulations. I think\nthat concludes the ceremony. And the person that's in charge of the\nweather, please meet me inside. (Laughter.) Thank you all very\nmuch. (Applause.)\nEND\n10:40 A.M. EDT\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nOffice of the Press Secretary\nFor Immediate Release\nDecember 9, 1991\nREMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT\nIN SIGNING CEREMONY\nFOR THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ACT OF 1991\nThe Roosevelt Room\n1:31 P.M. EST\nTHE PRESIDENT: Let me just thank you all for coming\ntoday. And I'm pleased to sign into law the High Performance\nComputing Act of 1991. This will implement the far-reaching\ninitiatives on information technologies proposed to Congress in my\nFiscal Year 1992 budget earlier this year.\nI'd like to thank Director Darman; my science advisor\nDr. Bromley; Secretary Watkins and Secretary Mosbacher; Chairman\nBoskin and Dick Truly -- Administrator Truly, Roger Porter, Director\nMassey, who are with us today. And I'd like, also, to thank\nSecretaries Cheney and Alexander who couldn't be with us today. And\nBill Reilly also missing, but all of them playing an instrumental\npart in all of this. And then all of the other members of the\nadministration that helped develop this initiative and secure\nenactment of this historic bill.\nThe development of high performance computing and\ncommunications technology offers the potential to transform radically\nthe way in which all Americans will work, learn and communicate in\nthe future. It holds the promise of changing society as much as the\nother great inventions of the 20th century, including the telephone,\nair travel and radio and TV.\nThis program will help researchers meet the grand\nchallenges in science -- to unlock the secrets of DNA, to forecast\nsevere weather events and to discover new superconducting materials.\nIt is no surprise that America holds the lead in high\nperformance information technology. Our greatest technological\nstrides have been made possible by the unique qualities of American\nsociety: freedom, innovation, entrepreneurial spirit, a combination\nfound nowhere else in the world. And this program will sustain and\nextend that leadership position.\nThe High Performance Computing Initiative is part of an\noverall strategy, advanced by this administration to enhance our\ncompetitiveness. My $76-billion R&D budget proposal for this year\nincluded increased investment in both basic research and in\nadditional key areas of applied research, such as material science,\nadvance manufacturing, biotechnology and energy-related R&D.\nIn addition to these critical investments in R&D, we've\nbeen working to prepare America to compete in the next century by\nopening up foreign markets to U.S. export through a new GATT round\nand a North American Free Trade Agreement; proposing tax policies,\nsuch as making permanent that R&D tax credit, and reducing taxes on\ncapital gains to promote long-term investment, and preparing our work\nforce to compete through sharp increases in funding for math and\nscience education and through our America 2000 broad reform\ninitiative.\nThe initiative involves eight federal agencies, all of\nwhich would contribute to development of this new technology, and we\nMORE\n- 2 -\nshare in its benefits. Private industry will work closely with\nfederal agencies and labs in the planning, funding and management of\nthis initiative to ensure that the fruits of this research program\nwill be brought into the educational and commercial marketplaces just\nas soon as possible.\nThe High Performance Computing Initiative is an\nexcellent example of the philosophy of this administration: to\ninvest in the future, to create new jobs and new opportunities for\nsustained economic growth. It is also an excellent example of how\ngovernment, industry and academia can work together to develop new\nand important technologies.\nAnd so, once again, welcome. And with that, it gives me\ngreat pleasure now to sign this legislation which will benefit\nAmericans today and on into the next century.\n(The document is signed.)\nEND\n1:35 P.M. EST\nMORE"
}