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Materials [1991]
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Allan D. Bromley Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
2005-0336-F
2005-0336-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
General Science Files
OA/ID Number:
62044
Folder ID Number:
62044-012
Folder Title:
Materials [1991]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
0
0
0
0
"Document Control"
TYPE:
ACTION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9200020
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS I
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
FINERTY, Michael P.
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 12/20/91
SUBJECT: HE REQUESTS ASSISTANCE IN OBTAINING COMPUTERS TO
CONTINUE HIS RESEARCH, AND HE WANTS RECOGNITION FOR
THE PROJECTS HE HAS OUTLINED IN HIS LETTER.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED:
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ASSIGNED:
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED: AS NECESSARY
ACTION:
no action needed. god 1/7/92
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
01/20/92
DATE COMPLETED:
STAFF DUE DATE I agree
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT:
10se 1/15
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 01/06/92
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01a. Letter
To: Allan Bromley From: Michael Finerty
12/20/91
(b)(6)
Re: Request for assistance [personal information redacted]
(4 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
General Science Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Materials [1991]
Date Closed:
3/30/2010
OA/ID Number:
62044-012
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
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Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
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RESTRICTION CODES
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Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
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(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
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and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01b. Letter
To: VA Regional Office From: Michael Finerty
12/20/91
(b)(6)
Re: Request for assistance [personal information redacted]
(4 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
General Science Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Materials [1991]
Date Closed:
3/30/2010
OA/ID Number:
62044-012
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
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AR Case #:
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AR Disposition:
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AR Disposition Date:
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RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01c. Letter
To: Ed Pastor From: Michael Finerty
12/20/91
(b)(6)
Re: Request for assistance [personal information redacted]
(2 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
General Science Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Materials [1991]
Date Closed:
3/30/2010
OA/ID Number:
62044-012
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
WIOSVIO in Science and Engineering
1st Edition
A companion volume to WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA, published
since 1899 by America's leading biographical reference publisher
GALLEY PROOF
GNN
MARQUIS WHO'S WHO-3002 Glenview Wilmette, IL 60091
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Reproduced below is your biographical sketch us it currently appears in our database. Your biographical
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Michael Palmer Finerty
pressly disclaims all other Hebility to loss 01 incidenta! or CC
2970 E 5th St
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Tucson, AZ 85716
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IDEC
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is
FINERTY, MICHAEL PALMER, retired
DO NOT retype the entire sketch.
AR
educator; b. N.Y.C., Oct. 5, 1943; S.
Additions are included only when
appropriate to Marquis style.
John Frederic and Catherine (Palmer) F.; m.
Meganne Wiseman, Nov. 27, 1982 (div. 1988); 1
DU 010
child, Jennifer Etta. BA in Math.,
20
U. Ariz., 1965, MA, 1974.
t of have 2 MA'S
AR 010
English tchr. U. Ariz., Tucson, 1969,
20 030
grad. libr. asst., 1974; math. tchr.
Phoenix Indian High Sch., 1983-84;
English 1970
40
physics tchr. Am. Sch. Found.,
RE
Guadalajara, Mexico, 1988; cons.
Drama 1974
IV
Vol. health educator Amistad Found., Palo
Alto, Calif., 1990-91. With U.S. Army,
WD
1966-68. Recipient Amistad Found. grant
EM
Sierra of Jalisco, 1989-90. Mem. AAAS,
Tucson Amateur Astronomers Assn., Internat.
OL
Dark Sky Assn. Republican. Roman
CH
Catholic. Achievements include design of
tuned linear accelerator, 1986; design of
fractional wavelength tuned linear
accelerator, 1989; design of spectrochromatic
imaging device, 1975; extended range of
calculators and showed 1t to be useful
DR 010
extension. Home: 2970 E 5th St
Tucson AZ 85716 (602) 795-0464
120
Office: APDO # 210, Zapopan, PC 45101
Mexico
CHANGE
See enclosed reservation form offering biographee discounts.
NO-CHANGE
*SCO1GNN---2083435511
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FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
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Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01d. Form
VA Form 21-0517 [personal information redacted] (2 pp.)
12/25/91
(b)(6)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
Bromley, D. Allan, Files
Subseries:
General Science Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Materials [1991]
Date Closed:
3/30/2010
OA/ID Number:
62044-012
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
"Document Control"
TYPE:
ACTION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9124802
ORIGINATOR: 02
STATUS I
DIRECTORATE STATUS
FROM:
NIELSEN, Don: MIDWATCH INC.
TO:
DR. D.A. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 11/15/91
SUBJECT: RE:THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENGINE MODIFICATION TO
REDUCE EMISSIONS AND IMPROVE ENGINE EFFICIENCY.
WOULD LIKE TO PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION FOR DR.
BROMLEY IF HE so DESIRES.
DIRECTORATE
STAFF
ASSIGNED: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ASSIGNED:
Jim Ling (as of 2/2/92)
ACTION
STAFF
REQUIRED: DIRECT REPLY
ACTION:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
12/02/91
STAFF DUE DATE
DATE COMPLETED:
DATE COMPLETED/DEPT: 1/13/92
COPIES TO: INDUSTRIAL
D. Allan Bromley
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
PHONE:
EXT:
REMARKS:
OSTP RECEIVED: 11/18/91
DEPT RECEIVED:
FILE: P-PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CENTRAL FILES:
<
MIDWATCH, Inc.
Consulting Services
Don Nielsen, President
PO Box 357, Flint Hill, Va. 22627
Nov. 15, 1991
Dr. D. Allan Bromley,
Science Advisor to the President,
Washington, D.C.
Dear Dr. Bromley,
A small business in Atlanta, the ENTEC Corporation, has invented and
patented an engineering modification to the internal combustion engine
which, in the view of a number of respected engineering concerns, offers the
potential for revolutionary improvement in engine emission control, operating
efficiency and fuel versatility.
This invention has culminated in the Entec Cycle Engine, a brief
technical summary of which is appended. We are anxious to put this
information in your hands for your review since we feel that the
development of this engine, if credited in part to the foresight of the
administration, might provide the President with a valuable domestic plank
in his re-election platform.
As indicated in the attached technical summary, the Entec Cycle Engine
offers a significant reduction in air pollution, longer engine life through lower
operating temperatures and the versatility of operation on a variety of
alternative fuels. Equally important, the technology can be made available
through a relatively inexpensive modification to the thousands of deisel
engines in trucks and busses already on the road with poor emission control.
The Entec Corporation is seeking private capital to enable the
production of prototypes, and to complete the testing and computer modelling
we feel is needed before production can begin. While government funding
would, of course, be welcomed, we recognize the difficulties in obtaining such
funding in the current environment, and would be pleased if, at this stage, we
can obtain recognition, advice and--to the extent appropriate--endorsement
by government offices most concerned. We have contacted several of these
offices, notably in the Departments of Energy, Transportation and Defense,
and have been encouraged to continue our efforts.
FROM
We will, of course continue to explore avenues of possible support
within the Executive Branch and we also have obtained offers of support from
within the Congress. Our purpose in contacting you, however, is to express
our interest in working with your office for two reasons: first, to obtain your
advice and assistance on how best to proceed to develop government support
and, second, to offer information on this truly startling technological advance
to add emphasis and substance to the President's positions on concern for
both the environment and for technical growth.
We have extensive additional data attesting to the technical soundness
and environmental value of the Entec Cycle Engine, and we would be pleased
to provide it for your review or, preferably, to give it to you as part of a
briefing or meeting on our technology.
I am a retired Navy Officer, working with the Entec Corp, to assist them
in establishing contact with the appropriate offices in the federal government.
I live in Northern Virginia, and I am available to provide you with additional
information, or to arrange for follow up meetings with Entec officials. I am at
your service at your first convenience.
Thank you very much for your time and interest.
Sincerely,
Don Nielsen
MIDWATCH, Inc.
Phone or Fax: (703) 675-1379
Attachment:
"The Entec Cycle Engine" information brief
FROM
THE ENTEC CYCLE ENGINE
Information Brief
Summary of the Proposed Concept
The concept is of a multi-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine
operating in a new working cycle having inherently much higher thermal
efficiencies than those of either the Otto or the Diesel cycles. This working
cycle is characterized by a greatly extended expansion process, by extreme charge
turbulence in the combustion chamber, by much higher compression for gasoline
operation and by dramatic power density increases.
This concept further provides for multi-fuel operation with similar
efficiencies with a wide range of fuels, including the volatility range from
Diesel oil to high-test gasoline and the octane range from zero to that of the
best aviation fuels. In addition, the extra burning time of the extended
expansion process coupled with a cool, more turbulent charge will lessen
polluting emissions.
The means are as follows: Atmospheric air is received and compressed in
an auxiliary compressor and then expressed into a high pressure manifold-
reservoir. The entire air charge is intercooled and aftercooled so that
combustion starts at 250 degrees F. providing charge densities greater than that
of a four-stroke or two-stroke engine of the same displacement. The engine can
also be highly supercharged.
The manifold supplies two-stroke cylinders. These cylinders have normal
combustion chambers which receive, near the end of its scavenging stroke, a cool,
highly compressed, high velocity charge along with the fuel, then ignites the
charge, for the power stroke. The manifold contains a volume sufficient to
prevent an appreciable overall pressure drop when a charge is received by a
cylinder. (Expansion always begins at maximum compression.)
A cool charge and greater flame velocity means that the initial combustion
reaction is cooler, peak pressures and temperatures are much lower, and the end
gas is also cooler. This results in knock-free operation in the gasoline mode
to a 14:1 compression ratio without detonation, regardless of the octane rating
of the fuel. In addition NOx, CO, CO₂ and unburned HC emissions are greatly
reduced. With diesel fuel particulate matter is also greatly reduced.
The higher compression and greater charge densities assures a power-to-
weight ratio greater than that of conventional Otto or Diesel cycle engines.
(The cylinders are "ideal" two-stroke cylinders since scavenging is by positive
displacement and there is no loss of air charge or fuel in the scavenging
process.) Fuel economy is achieved by an extended expansion process and by more
complete combustion, and by the greater efficiency inherent in higher
compression.
The technical details of the Entec cycle engine are fully explained in the
accompanying technical presentation.
FROM
11.15.1991 12:12
P. 5
Expected Impact on Military Operations
This engine will have great positive impact upon military tactical craft
and combat vehicles. Because of the greater expansion and cooler exhaust
temperatures, reliability and maintainability of engine component parts will be
greatly increased. Less rejected heat should permit elimination of the liquid
cooling system for less sensitiveness to conventional cooling system damage and
extreme environmental conditions.
Fuel economy improvements translate into increased vehicle range which,
with the multi-fuel capabilities, provide greatly reduced logistic concerns.
Increased power over current engines will result in a reduction in both
weight and volume for the same horsepower level for improved vehicle response and
reduced armor cover requirements.
Technical Feasibility and High Risk Areas
There are no special barriers to quantity production, neither in production
methods nor in tooling. The technology is current and every component is already
present in existing engines. Conversions to the Entec cycle requires changes
only in the cylinder head, valve drive train, and in the manifold air
distributor.
These engines can be built on present assembly lines and indeed can be
retrofitted to any existing engine. The latter feature is important where large
expensive engines are concerned.
Expected Availability Date
A prototype can be designed, fabricated and tested in a period of 13
months.
Quantity production could begin within two years of the decision to adopt
the concept. Retrofitting existing engines could be begun in a like time
framework.
Estimated Cost and Basis for Estimate
The cost of fabricating and testing prototypes would be approximately
$10,000,000 based on proposals received from Battelle Columbus Labs, Detroit
Diesel Engineers. Corporation, Georgia Institute of Technology and Ricardo Consulting
Concerning quantity production, a rough judgement of relative cost can be
made on a cost-per-pound of manufactured product. On this basis, production cost
of the water cooled Entec cycle engine would appear to be less than that of
current engines, since power plant weight would be less than conventional
powerplants for the same power output.
Cost of the air cooled version is expected to be even less than its
watercooled counterpart since waterpump, radiator, seals, hoses and costly water
jackets would be eliminated.
4802
FAX TRANSMISSION
COVER SHEET
TO: Office of Science & Technogogy Policy
FOR:
Ms MARIAN NIDA
FAX NR.:
(202) 395-3261
DATE:
15 Nov 1991
****
FROM: Don Nielsen, MIDWATCH, Inc.
FAX NR.: (703) 675-1379
NR of PAGES (including this one):
6
MESSAGE: Ms Nion - Attached letter is pursuant to
our conversation earlier this week, I hope
DR BROMLEY Finds it useful and am prepared
to provid additional information as weded
Thanks For your assistance - DoN NieGen
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
January 13, 1992
Dear Mr. Nielsen:
This is a follow-up to your telephone conversation on January 6 with Dr. Ling
of our office. As he indicated to you, our recommendation is that you contact
the Army Tank Automotive Command concerning the Entec Cycle Engine. The
Army is in a position to evaluate the technical aspects of the engine and give
you a more detailed response.
Sincerely,
J. Douglas Beason
Senior Policy Analyst
Mr. Don Nielsen
President
MIDWATCH, Inc.
P.O. Box 357
Flint Hill, VA 22627
"CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING"
TYPE:
ACTION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9120970
FROM:
KNOTEK, Michael L.: BATTELLE
TO:
DR. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 04/01/91
SUBJECT: REQUEST TO DISCUSS DR. KNOTEK'S TESTIMONY BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE AND TECHNOLOGY 03/19/91
ON THE NEED FOR ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE.
ASSIGNED TO: Perry Lindstrom
ACTION REQUIRED: FOR DAB SIGNATURE
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
04/17/91
DATE COMPLETED:
5/10/91
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
Dr. Phillips
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
REMARKS:
DATE RECEIVED: 04/03/91
FILE: MATERIALS
Battelle
RECEIVED
Pacific Northwest Laboratories
Battelle Boulevard
P.O. Box 999
Richland. Washington 99352
01 APR 3 All: 34
Telephone (509) 375-2272
April 1, 1991
Fax No: 509/375-6844
OFFICE: 1.12
DIRECTOR
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Science Advisor to the President
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Old Executive Office Building
17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20506
Dear Dr. Bromley; Allan-
I was recently asked to testify before the House Space Science and Technology
Committee on the need for advances in Materials Sciences. Here at the Pacific
Northwest Laboratory we are focussing our work on the needs of the nations
Environmental Restoration and Waste Management effort, and it was my goal to
impress on the committee the critical need for advances in many Materials
Sciences areas to support this effort. I feel that it is important that you
are aware of these needs, because a timely investment by the nation could
yield many $billions in benefits, as well as a distinct competitive advantage.
I would hope that this national need will be an important driver for your
initiative on Materials Science. I enclose my testimony and hope that I can
have the opportunity to discuss these matters with you sometime at your
convenience.
Sincerely yours,
in
Michael L. Knotek
Deputy Director
MLK:par
Enclosure
Twenty-five years of science
for DOE and the Northwest
Testimony of
DR. MICHAEL L. KNOTEK
Senior Science Director
Pacific Northwest Laboratory
Before the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
Subcommittee on Energy
United States House of Representatives
Washington, D.C.
March 19, 1991
Madam Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee, it is a pleasure to
be here today on behalf of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, which is managed
for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute. Your invitation
to testify asked that I provide my views on the importance of materials
science as it relates to national needs and the missions of the Department of
Energy.
I believe it would be impossible for me to overstate the importance of
the role materials science now plays, and will continue to play, in meeting
the needs of our nation and fulfilling the missions of the Department of
Energy. The connection is simple. Our society, our quality of life, and our
economic development depend on technology, and the development of technology
depends on materials.
Background
As pointed out in the 1989 National Research Council report, Materials
Science and Engineering for the 1990s: Maintaining Competitiveness in the Age
of
Materials, "Without new materials and their efficient production, our world
of modern devices, machines, computers, automobiles, aircraft, communication
equipment, and structural products could not exist." This observation is
echoed in the recent Materials Research Society publication, A National Agenda
for Materials Sciences and Engineering: Implementing the MS&E Report, which
states, "Virtually all new technologies are driven by advances in materials,
and the future competitiveness of the U.S. depends on our relative ability to
adapt these new technologies to the needs of our society."
Both the National Research Council report and the Materials Society
publication note that while support for materials science and engineering in
other countries has increased, U.S. federal nondefense and industry support
for materials research and development, particularly long-range research, has
declined. To remedy this situation, the Council report recommended a national
program, including strong efforts in the four basic elements of materials
science and engineering; synthesis and processing; structure and composition;
1
properties; and performance. The Pacific Northwest Laboratory strongly agrees
with this recommendation.
The Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies have had a
longstanding role in materials research in the United States. Starting with
the Manhattan Project and continuing with AEC and ERDA, the evolution of
several laboratories, including new scientific facilities, can be traced
directly to this support for materials research. The Department can be proud
of its accomplishments in the development of new materials and processes.
However, as the aforementioned reports pointed out, many opportunities that
relate to materials are not being exploited by the DOE and other federal
agencies. Much needs to be done for a variety of important applications.
Materials Research Needs and Environmental Challenges
One of the most important contributions materials science programs
funded by the Department of Energy can make is to provide the tools and
techniques we need to restore the environment and clean up hazardous, toxic,
and radioactive wastes. The Department has published its Five-Year Plan for
Environmental Restoration/Waste Management, and identified the problems at
each of its sites. The Department has also separately identified the research
needs to develop innovative new technologies for environmental remediation.
Few aspects of environmental restoration can be reasonably and
economically accomplished without advances in materials science. Simply
stated, we need new materials that can serve as sensors to detect and monitor
subsurface contaminants or characterize the components of mixed waste; new
membrane and ion exchange materials to assist waste treatment and separation;
and new and well-understood containment and barrier materials to immobilize
and stabilize waste over very long periods of time.
These environmentally related problems have pushed materials science
into new areas that require detailed, molecular-level understanding of very
complex systems. For example, it is much easier to design a sensor to detect
the presence of a contaminant during the processing of a semiconductor chip in
2
a well-controlled environment than it is to develop a sensor to detect a
similar contaminant groundwater system where we have little direct control.
Similarly, to create verifiable models that can accurately predict the
lifetime of barrier and containment materials, we must have a detailed
mechanistic understanding of the interactions of a material with its
environment. Environmentally related materials science may appear less
glamorous than the creation of a new high-temperature superconductor, but the
long-term impact on our society and quality of life may be much greater.
The Department has begun to address these questions in a focused matter
through the Basic Energy Sciences budget. Funds have been included for
research support and capital equipment to create a Molecular Science Research
Center at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The Materials and Interfaces
Research Program, which is a key component of the Molecular Sciences Research
Center at PNL, is aimed at understanding these problems.
This research program is generating the information we need to design
and synthesize advanced materials to analyze and separate mixed chemical and
hazardous wastes, to provide long-term storage of hazardous materials, and to
develop chemical sensors for environmental monitoring of various organic and
inorganic species. The program includes provisions for supporting facilities
that will enable scientists to synthesize new materials, as well as advanced
instrumentation to study their structural, mechanical, electronic, and
chemical properties.
In September 1990, PNL hosted a workshop to explore materials and
interfaces research needs related to environmental concerns. The workshop was
attended by more than 50 scientists representing materials science, physics,
surface and interface science, chemistry, chemical engineering, and earth and
environmental sciences. About half the participants were from PNL; the
remainder were from national laboratories, universities, and research
organizations throughout the United States. The workshop identified four
major challenges or issues related to environmental cleanup, waste storage,
3
and restoration that are directly dependent on materials science--both basic
and applied.
1.
We must be able to detect and characterize hazardous waste. Detection
and characterization require, among other things, the development of selective
sensors that function in complex environments.
2.
We must minimize the amount of waste that must be treated as hazardous,
so we can reduce cleanup costs an disposal volume. Waste minimization
requires the development of separations membranes, ion exchange or selective
sorption materials, and catalysts for waste destruction.
3.
We must encapsulate hazardous waste for permanent disposal. Effective
containment requires materials that have low and predictable reaction rates
with their environment; are stable to radiation effects; and are compatible
with each other if multiple containment is required. To ensure that
containment materials possess these properties, we must expand our fundamental
understanding of phase stability and alteration and reaction mechanisms.
4.
We must be able to predict the transport of hazardous waste from
contaminated areas as well as potential disposal sites. To ensure accurate
predictions, models must account for many factors, including sorption and/or
desorption on mineral surfaces and colloid formation and transport. These
models can only be developed through molecular-level research of mineral
surface interactions with various hazardous waste constituents and with
colloids as well as stability fields for colloids.
Based on these materials science challenges and issues, the workshop
participants identified three important research areas that DOE should
address: interface structure and chemistry, materials and interface
stability, and materials synthesis. The interface structure and chemistry
research area includes two related, but somewhat distinct, objectives. One is
to expand our knowledge of the surface structure and chemistry of oxides,
minerals, clays, and other environmentally relevant materials with the
ultimate goal of achieving a level of understanding that equals current
4
knowledge of metals and semiconductors. The other is to develop more detailed
information about what happens at solid-liquid interfaces and how various
contaminants affect interface properties.
Many of the basic interface structure and chemistry studies will involve
idealized model systems; however, the ultimate success of this research effort
will depend upon the relationship between the idealized models and real-world
systems, which generally are much more complex. For example, the program must
include examinations of typical complications introduced by the addition of
components to the system under study as well as studies of real materials in
relation to the model systems.
Two examples of technologies that must rely on an understanding of
materials and interface stability are waste containment barriers and advanced
sensors for remote operation in hostile environments. Containment and barrier
materials may alter with time as a result of radiation, thermal gradients, or
reactions with the environment. We must be able to predict such alterations
and potential changes in material properties. Furthermore, sensors may
involve integrated circuit-based technology that is unsuitable for operation
in harsh, complex environments.
Research in this area must address the stability of composite materials
designed to have specific optical, electronic, or chemical properties and the
interfaces and reaction layers that form as a result of environmental
interactions. Studies should range from the examination of simplified model
interfaces to real-time, in-situ characterization of buried interfaces.
The materials synthesis research effort must involve the creation of
model surfaces and interfaces for detailed examination as well as the
formation or synthesis of new materials with specific properties. We need
model surfaces and interfaces to improve our molecular-level understanding of
the surface structure and chemistry of environmentally relevant materials such
as oxides, clays, and minerals. These models will enable researchers to
compare theoretical calculations with experimental measurements, which can be
obtained most readily from well-characterized, often single-crystal, surfaces.
5
We also need materials with new or improved properties because some
environmentally related requirements cannot be met easily by existing
materials. This is especially true in the containment areas as well as some
sensor areas. Natural hard tissue materials are of special interest because
they develop unusual properties from rather normal starting materials.
Biomimetric systems that imitate nature offer the potential for protective
ceramic coatings and unique sensor properties as well as the formation of
natural ceramic materials within the geologic environment to serve as stable
barriers or containment materials for hazardous waste.
The Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory
The materials science programs conducted by DOE will be substantially
upgraded when several new scientific facilities are completed. The Advanced
Photon Source at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, the Advanced Light Source at
Argonne National Laboratory, the Advanced Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, and the Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory at the
Pacific Northwest Laboratory will provide researchers throughout the United
States with new and unique capabilities for materials research.
The Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory will provide one-
of-a-kind capabilities to researchers for materials research for a variety of
applications relating to environmental restoration. EMSL will be a focal
point for molecular-level research in the United States, and will provide
industry with the information to accelerate the development of cost-effective
technologies for environmental remediation challenges facing DOE, other
federal agencies, and the private sector. (Attached to my testimony is
project summary which provides more detail on EMSL.)
One of the reviews conducted on the EMSL proposal characterized the
materials science challenges associated with environmental restoration and the
role of EMSL as follows: "The intellectual challenge of the EMSL's mission is
staggering, however the practical payoff of success in this mission is immense
on the level of, or perhaps beyond, that of the Manhattan Project."
6
Summary
Materials science has given us new metals, ceramics, and composites with
extraordinary properties designed for specific applications. Materials
science has produced innovative concepts that enable us to improve and tailor
existing materials to meet new or unique requirements. And, materials science
has provided benefits and applications that affect every aspect of our society
and economy.
Materials science also has the potential for making vital contributions
to the solution of environmental restoration and waste management problems
faced by the DOE and the nation. The four challenges described here are
universal. The task of surmounting these challenges is formidable but not
beyond our capabilities, providing we establish clear targets and empower the
scientific community to achieve them. Despite today's constrained budgets,
the long-term payoff from an enhanced materials science program should be
substantial. I urge the Committee to weigh that option.
7
User Fees at DOE/BES User Facilities
I thought it appropriate, given my past experience as Chairman of the
National Synchrotron Light Source, to comment on the charging of User Fees at
the DOE/BEST user facilities. The ground rules at these facilities are that
all capabilities are available to the entire community of scientists--be they
from academia, industry, or the government's own institutions.
It is important, however, to realize that a typical "experiment"
contains elements from many sources, all contributed for the common welfare of
the community of users and stationed permanently at the facility. While the
core instrument, such as the reactor or synchrotron, is provided by the DOE,
the actual experimental apparatus that makes the experiment a reality will
contain elements of capital equipment, technical support manpower, operating
systems, supporting experiments away from the facility, and data analysis and
administrative support from a large number of institutions bridging every
possible funding and disciplinary boundary.
The concept of "ownership" of such capability is not at all clear.
Since each user now provides its "in-kind" support gratis to the community,
this entire concept will have to be revised if the DOE seeks cost recovery for
its part. Indeed, this whole phenomenon of interinstitutional support and
collaboration, which has been one of the great successes to come out of the
National User Facility concept, could be damaged if we do not carefully weigh
the value of material and intellectual contributions from all sources in
establishing support policy.
8
References
1.
National Research Council. 1989. Materials Science and Engineering for
the 1990s: Maintaining Competitiveness in the Age of Materials.
National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
2.
Materials Research Society. 1991. A National Agenda in Materials
Science and Engineering: Implementing the MS&E Report. Materials
Research Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
9
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR SCIENCES LABORATORY
Project Summary
NEEDS AND GOALS
The United States has embarked on an environmental restoration effort that
dwarfs any scientific enterprise this country has ever launched. Estimated cost
for cleanup of Department of Energy production sites alone is equivalent to a
number of superconducting supercolliders, several space stations, or another trip
to the moon. The unresolved scientific problems of this effort are as complex as
any this nation has ever faced, yet they are critical to our quality of life and
economic competitiveness. Research and innovation are the only ways to assure
restoration and protection of our environment by reducing cost, uncertainty, and
risk.
The Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) will capitalize on
today's revolution in experimental and theoretical molecular sciences to meet
DOE's environmental commitments and to create a science base for other DOE
and national needs. Its research will be multidisciplinary, spanning physics,
chemistry, materials science, biology, geology, hydrology, mathematics, computer
science, and the environmental sciences. Worldwide there is no adequate model
for the effort required. DOE needs a project scaled to encompass critical masses in
all necessary fields and a programmatic setting containing practical problems that
focus the research.
To meet DOE's need, the EMSL will have as its cornerstones:
fundamental research in underlying chemical, materials, biological,
computational, and environmental sciences.
applied research that focuses fundamental knowledge on specific
problems.
research, education, and training opportunities for the entire
scientific and technical community, which will use the facility.
rapid transfer of technology by involvement of industry.
PROGRAMS AND FACILITIES OF THE EMSL
The EMSL project will develop the requisite interdisciplinary research programs,
forefront research equipment, and supporting facilities to meet these demanding
Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Project Summary
Universities
Natl Laboratories
Research, Training & Education
Fundamental
new
Applied
new
New
Research
Research
concepts
Technologies
knowledge
Technology Development & Transfer
Industry
EMSL Focuses Multisite Collaborations on Research and Technology Needs
in Environmental Restoration and Waste Management
scientific challenges posed by DOE's environmental initiative. The EMSL will
house 300 core and visiting scientists with world-class instrumentation and
computational resources in a 200,000 square foot facility. The $220-million
investment includes design and development costs for beyond state-of-the-art
instrumentation; construction of the building; acquisition, installation and
commissioning of the instrumentation; initial operations; and all associated
management costs. When complete the EMSL's annual research programs and
operations budget will be roughly $60 million.
Research supported by the Offices of Environmental Management (EM) and
Energy Research (ER) is organized into six programs.
The Chemical Structure & Dynamics program will study chemical kinetics and
reaction dynamics of terrestrial and atmospheric processes and the chemistry of
complex waste forms and waste storage media using new laser systems, new
surface mapping techniques, and molecular clusters that mimic
adsorbate/surface interactions. The program will generate new knowledge for
geochemical modeling of contaminated soils, for understanding the behavior of
wastes in interim storage, for developing novel approaches to remediation, and
for evaluating proposed treatment methods.
The Environmental Dynamics & Simulation program will establish a molecular-
level understanding of the bonding forces and speciation of chemicals in
colloidal suspensions and of chemicals sorbed on soils. A multidisciplinary
approach will use controlled environmental chambers that simulate real-world
conditions. New experimental results and theoretical analyses will provide
REVISION DATE: 12/6/90
-2
Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Project Summary
detailed descriptions of chemical reactions in complex mixtures and at solid-
liquid interfaces. Resulting models will predict the fate and transport of
contaminant species and provide a scientific basis for remediation schemes.
The Macromolecular Structure & Dynamics program will determine bio-
molecular structure/function relationships for processes that control the
biological transformation of contaminants and the health effects of toxic
substances. The world's first 1000-megahertz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
system and advanced mass spectrometers will be used for structural analysis of
key enzymes and genetic material to enhance the use of natural systems for
bioremediation, to guide the rational design of new systems having specific
activity, and to establish a molecular basis for health risk assessment.
The Theory, Modeling & Simulation program will develop detailed molecular
level descriptions of the chemical, physical, and biological processes in natural
and contaminated systems. This research will use the full spectrum of
computational techniques and one of the world's most powerful computer
EMSL Programs, Facilities and Research Activities
ENVIRONMENTAL & MOLECULAR
FUNDAMENTAL
APPLIED
SCIENCES LABORATORY
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
Programs
Facilities
New Knowledge
New Technologies
Theory, Modeling
Molecular Science
& Simulation
Computing Facility
Solvation and reaction
Geochemical models
in liquids
of contaminated soils
Cluster Research
Chemical Structure
Cluster models of
Facility
& Dynamics
Photon Factory
molecular systems
Molecular processes at
Chemical Sensor
Materials
liquid-solid and solid-solid
Chemistry of complex
Development Facility
& Interfaces
Materials Synthesis
interfaces
salt solutions
Facility
Structure/function
Macromolecular
High Field
relationships in
NMR Facility
Structure &
biomolecules
High Resolution
Enzymatic processing
Dynamics
Mass Spec Facility
of organics and
Binding of molecules to
metal chelates
colloids and soils
Environmental
Environmental
Dynamics &
Simulation Facility
Simulation
Synthesis of tailored
materials
Sensors for in situ
monitoring of
Computer &
Management of
Information
chemicals
Information Science
Architecture
scientific information
REVISION DATE: 12/6/90
3
Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Project Summary
systems to model chemical and physical properties of wastes and contaminant
interaction with soils and groundwater. This program will produce knowledge
needed to predict waste form behavior, suggest new remediation strategies, and
support predictions of long-term consequences of proposed ER/WM activities.
The Materials and Interfaces program will generate information to support the
design and synthesis of advanced materials for the analysis and separation of
mixed chemical waste, the long-term storage of concentrated hazardous
materials, and the development of chemical sensors for environmental
monitoring of a wide variety of organic and inorganic species. Supporting this
program will be facilities to synthesize novel materials and instrumentation to
study their structural, mechanical, electronic, and chemical properties.
The Computer & Information Sciences program will develop new approaches to
handle vast amounts of data and perform calculations for complex natural
systems. The EMSL will contain a high-performance computing facility and
ancillary computing laboratories, as well as high-speed data acquisition systems
for all of the major research instruments. An information system will be
developed to speed communications of fundamental research results to
applications areas.
The EMSL will be a Collaborative Research Facility. It will attract hundreds of
academic, industrial, and government scientists and students each year. These
visitors will collaborate with the in-house staff to develop new levels of
understanding and permanent solutions to the nation's environmental
problems. Education and training programs will motivate external collaborators
to continue this research at their home institutions. Technology transfer will be
achieved by involving industrial and academic partners in the development of
frontier research capabilities and the integration of new knowledge and concepts
into critical technologies.
REVISION DATE: 12/6/90
4
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EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
April 17, 1991
Dear Dr. Knotek:
Thank you for your letter of April 1, 1991, transmitting a copy of your testimony
before the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee's Energy Subcommittee.
I read it with interest.
Environmental needs will undoubtedly be an area of focus in any materials initiative.
As a matter of fact, this area was recently identified in a summary report of the
regional meetings held to implement the report "Materials Science and Engineering
for the 1990's" of the National Research Council.
Should you require additional information on technology issued, please feel free to
contact my Associate Director of Industrial Technology, Dr. William D. Phillips at
(202)456-7740 or Dr. Huber, who is acting Executive Director of the National Critical
Materials Council, at (202)395-7200.
Sincerely,
D. Allan Bromley
Director
Dr. Michael L. Knotek
Deputy Director
Battelle
Pacific Northwest Laboratories
Battelle Boulevard
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
"CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING"
TYPE:
INFORMATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 9120714
FROM:
APPLETON, Bill: OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
TO:
DR. BROMLEY
DATE OF
CORRESPONDENCE: 03/07/91
SUBJECT: A THANK YOU FOR PRESENTING THE KEYNOTE ADDRESS TO
THE SSSC FORUM.
ASSIGNED TO:
ACTION REQUIRED:
SENDER'S DUE DATE:
OSTP DUE DATE:
DATE COMPLETED:
COPIES TO: D. Allan Bromley
Steve Olson
Dr. Phillips
WHITE HOUSE TRACKING #:
CONTACT PERSON:
REMARKS:
DATE RECEIVED: 03/11/91
FILE: THANK YOU
RECEIVED
POST OFFICE BOX 20
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
OAK RIDGE, TENNES
MANAGED BY MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
Phone (615) 574-432
FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Facsimile (615) 574-032
BILL R. APPLETON
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
91 MAR 11 P5: 02
March 7, 199
FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ADVANCED MATERIALS
OFFICE UF THE
DIRECTOR
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Allan:
On behalf of the Solid State Sciences Committee (SSSC) of the National Research
please accept our thanks for presenting the keynote address to the SSSC Forum.
Your endorsement of the regional meetings on materials science and engineering (M
and the encouragement given at the forum to the resulting report A National Agenaa on
Materials Science and Engineering have been a strong beneficial catalysts in unifying the
field of MS&E. This unity has led to a new high level of cooperation among the industry,
university, and government laboratories involved in this field. This was exemplified by
the entire regional meeting process as well as the joint sponsorship by eight major materials
societies of the Washington Materials Forum, which was organized this year in conjunction
with the SSSC Forum.
I am convinced that this new spirit of cooperation alone will result in a much more
effective leveraging of our national resources in MS&E and a resulting improvement in
our competitive posture. If in addition, as recommended in the national agenda report, we
can establish a strategic, goal-oriented planning process in MS&E and focus incremental
funds onto problems of national significance, I think we have the opportunity to
institutionalize a lasting improvement in the way we do materials R&D in the future.
Thank you again for supporting our efforts in MS&E and for your presentation to the SSSC
Forum.
Sincerely,
Bill R. R. Oppleton
Bill Appleton
Chairman, SSSC
BRA:dmw
CC: D.C. Shapero
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