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US Soviet Agreement on Basic Scientific Research [1 of 2]
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US Soviet Agreement on Basic Scientific Research [1 of 2]
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John F. O'Neil Subject Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
2005-0336-F
2005-0336-F
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
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O'Neil, John F., Files
Subseries:
Russia Subject Files
OA/ID Number:
62093
Folder ID Number:
62093-007
Folder Title:
US Soviet Agreement on Basic Scientific Research [1 of 2]
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AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
ON COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
The Government of the United States of America and the
Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(hereinafter referred to as "the Parties");
Considering basic scientific research as important for
development of national economies;
Realizing that international cooperation in the field of
basic scientific research will strengthen the bonds of
friendship and understanding between their peoples and will
advance the state of science to the benefit of both countries,
as well as of all mankind;
Recalling the fruitful cooperation which has occurred
between the two countries in the past;
Referring to the relevant principles, provisions and
objectives set forth in the Final Act of the Conference on
Security and Cooperation in Europe;
Convinced of further need for developing mutually
advantageous scientific cooperation;
Noting the General Agreement Between the Government of the
United States of America and the Government of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics on Contacts, Exchanges and
Cooperation in Scientific, Technical, Educational, Cultural and
Other Fields, signed on November 21, 1985;
Wishing to establish closer and more regular cooperation
between scientific organizations and individual scientists;
Have agreed as follows:
- 2 -
ARTICLE I
The Parties shall coordinate, facilitate, and support the
development and implementation of cooperation in the field of
basic scientific research on the basis of the principles of
equality, overall reciprocity, and mutual benefit.
ARTICLE II
Taking into account that fundamental and applied research
involve a continuum of scientific activity, for the purposes of
this Agreement, "basic scientific research" means theoretical or
experimental research having as its objective the acquisition of
fuller knowledge or understanding of the elemental principles of
phenomena and observable facts; such research extends the
knowledge base from which many societal benefits ultimately
flow, and, in the framework of this Agreement, such research is
not designed for the transformation of new discoveries into
applied technologies. The foregoing definition does not
preclude subsequent application of knowledge or understanding
gained from basic scientific research conducted under this
Agreement, subject to the extent of rights under Annex II.
ARTICLE III
Cooperation under this Agreement may be implemented in the
following forms:
-- Joint scientific research projects including the
exchange of scientists, specialists, and researchers
participating in them as well as exchange of their
results;
- 3 -
-- Joint scientific conferences, symposia, and workshops;
-- Exchange of scientific information and documentation;
and
-- Other forms of cooperation which may be mutually
agreed.
ARTICLE IV
Scientific organizations of the two Parties will conclude
subsidiary Memoranda of Understanding (hereinafter referred to
as "MOUs") in order to carry out the operational implementation
of this Agreement. Consideration of MOUs shall be initiated
upon agreement of the Parties, acting through their Executive
Agents identified in Annex I, which is an integral part of this
Agreement.
ARTICLE V
Cooperative activities in the field of basic scientific
research under this Agreement will be subject to official
approval in each country, and implemented, in accordance with
their respective international obligations, national laws,
regulations and procedures. Such cooperation will be governed
by the applicable MOUs. Within this framework:
-- such cooperation may include the participation of
scientific institutions, government and nongovernment
agencies, higher educational institutions, and
individual scientists, specialists and researchers
(hereinafter referred to as "partners");
-- partners may carry out such cooperation in approved
areas through direct contacts and arrangements.
- 4 -
In order to facilitate implementation of this Agreement,
partners of one country intending to visit partners of the other
country for purposes of developing or implementing cooperation
under this Agreement are to SO indicate in applying for
permission to enter.
ARTICLE VI
Cooperation under this Agreement shall be conducted within
the limits of available funds. Financial arrangements for
cooperation will be set forth in the MOUs.
ARTICLE VII
With respect to cooperation under this Agreement, each
Party, in accordance with its international obligations,
national laws and regulations, shall:
(a) encourage the participation of qualified scientists,
specialists, and researchers in activities under this Agreement,
whether or not they are affiliated with institutions
participating in cooperation;
(b) facilitate prompt and efficient entry into and exit
from its territory of persons participating in the
implementation of this Agreement, as well as of appropriate
instrumentation and equipment; and
(c) facilitate prompt and efficient access of persons of
the other Party participating in the implementation of this
Agreement to its relevant geographic areas, institutions, data,
materials, and individual scientists, specialists, and
reseachers.
- 5 -
ARTICLE VIII
Protection of intellectual property and rights thereto
shall be as set forth in Annex II, which constitutes an
integral part of this Agreement.
ARTICLE IX
Scientific and technological information derived from
cooperative activities under this Agreement, other than
information not disclosed for commercial or industrial reasons,
shall be made available, unless otherwise agreed in writing as
provided for in Articles IV and V, to the world scientific
community. This will be accomplished through customary channels
and in accordance with Article VIII and Annex II of this
Agreement, and the normal practices and regulations of the
Parties.
ARTICLE X
The Parties agree to establish a US-USSR Joint Commission
on Cooperation in the Field of Basic Scientific Research
(hereinafter referred to as the "Joint Commission"). The
composition of the Joint Commission and the principles for its
operation are specified in Annex I.
ARTICLE XI
Initial areas of cooperation are listed in Annex III, which
constitutes an integral part of this Agreement. Additions,
deletions, or modifications to the list of areas may be
- 6 -
considered by the Joint Commission, as provided in Annex I,
paragraph 7, and must be approved by the Parties, as provided in
paragraph 4 of Article XIV.
ARTICLE XII
This Agreement and the MOUs shall be without prejudice to
other agreements concluded between the Parties.
ARTICLE XIII
This Agreement shall be without prejudice to the
cooperation of either Party with other States and international
organizations.
ARTICLE XIV
1. This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by
both Parties and shall remain in force for five years. It may
be extended for further five-year periods through an exchange of
notes between the Parties.
2. Either Party may at any time give written notice to the
other Party of its intention to terminate this Agreement, in
which case this Agreement will terminate six months from the
date notice is received by the other Party.
3. Expiration of this Agreement shall not affect the
implementation of any cooperative activity undertaken pursuant
to this Agreement and not fully executed before expiration
occurs.
4. This Agreement may be amended by written agreement of
the Parties.
- 7 -
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized
by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE at
PARIS
, this
8th
day of
JANUARY
, 1989, in duplicate in the English
and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:
Gaze P. sharts
ANNEX I
US-USSR JOINT COMMISSION ON COOPERATION IN
THE FIELD OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
In accordance with Article X of this Agreement:
1. The Parties shall establish a Joint Commission
consisting of representatives of both Parties, including their
Executive Agents, as set forth in paragraph 4 below, and the
parties to the MOUs.
2. Members of the Joint Commission shall serve without
compensation.
3. The Joint Commission shall adopt procedures for its
operation, and shall ordinarily meet once a year, alternately
in the United States and in the Soviet Union.
4. Each Party shall have an Executive Agent to assist the
Joint Commission. The Executive Agent of the United States
will be the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP). The Executive Agent of the Soviet Union will be the
USSR State Committee for Science and Technology (GKNT).
5. The Executive Agent of each Party shall designate a
Co-Chairperson of the Joint Commission. The Co-Chairperson of
the hosting side shall act as Chairperson of the Joint
Commission for the duration of that meeting. The Joint
Commission shall act by mutual agreement.
6. The Joint Commission shall review, coordinate, and
facilitate cooperation in the field of basic scientific
research and recommend measures and programs for consideration
and subsequent approval by both Parties.
- 2 -
7. The Joint Commission may consider proposals for
additions, deletions, or modifications to the list of areas of
cooperation in Annex III, which it shall forward to the Parties
for their approval. Changes to Annex III which have been
approved by the Parties will be submitted in writing to the
Joint Commission.
ANNEX II
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Pursuant to Article VIII of this Agreement:
I. GENERAL
A. For purposes of this Agreement, "intellectual property"
is understood to have the meaning found in Article 2 of the
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property
Organization, done at Stockholm July 14, 1967.
B. The Parties shall ensure adequate and effective
protection for intellectual property created or furnished under
this Agreement and relevant implementing arrangements
thereunder.
II. COPYRIGHTS
The Parties and the partners shall take appropriate steps
to secure copyright to works created under this Agreement in
accordance with their national laws, except as specifically
provided otherwise in an applicable implementing arrangement.
Rights to works created under this Agreement shall be
determined in the applicable implementing arrangement.
III. INVENTIONS
A. For purposes of this Annex, "invention" means any
invention made in the course of cooperation under this
Agreement or implementing arrangements thereunder which is or
may be patentable or otherwise protectable under the laws of
the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, or any third country. An invention "made" means one
conceived or for which an application for patent or other title
of protection has been filed or which has otherwise been
reduced to practice.
- 2 -
B. Between a Party and its nationals, the ownership of
rights and interests in inventions will be determined in
accordance with that Party's national laws and practices.
C. As between the Parties, unless otherwise specifically
provided in an applicable implementing arrangement, the Parties
and the partners shall take appropriate steps to secure rights
to implement the following:
1. If the invention is made in the course of a program
of cooperative activity that involves only the transfer or
exchange of information between the Parties, such as by
joint meetings, seminars, or the exchange of technical
reports or papers, unless provided otherwise in an
applicable implementing arrangement:
a. The Party whose personnel makes the invention
("the Inventing Party") has the right to obtain all
rights and interests in the invention in all countries
in accordance with applicable national laws of such
countries;
b. In any country where the Inventing Party
decides not to obtain such rights and interests, the
other Party has the right to do so.
2. If the invention is made by personnel of one Party
("the Assigning Party") while assigned to the other Party
("the Receiving Party") in the course of a program of
cooperative activity that involves only the visit or
exchange of scientific and technical personnel:
- 3 -
a. The Receiving Party has the right to obtain
all rights and interests in the invention in all
countries in accordance with applicable national laws
of such countries;
b. In any country where the Receiving Party
decides not to obtain such rights and interests, the
Assigning Party has the right to do SO.
D. Arrangements involving other forms of cooperation, such
as joint research projects with an agreed scope of work, shall
provide for the mutually agreed upon disposition of rights to
an invention made as a result of such activity on an equitable
basis. Except as otherwise specifically agreed, each Party has
the right to obtain all rights and interests in the invention
in its own country, whereas the right to secure legal
protection of that invention in third countries, as well as the
right to license or transfer such rights and interests in third
countries, shall be allocated by mutual written agreement.
E. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an invention is of a
type for which exclusive rights are available under the laws of
one Party but not of the other Party, the Party whose laws
provide for exclusive rights shall be entitled to all rights in
all countries which provide rights to such invention. The
Parties may agree, however, to a different allocation of rights
to such invention.
F. The Parties shall disclose to one another inventions
made in the course of programs of cooperative activities and
furnish to one another any documentation and information
- 4 -
necessary to enable them to secure any rights to which they may
be entitled. The Parties may ask one another in writing to
delay publication or public disclosure of such documentation or
information for the purpose of protecting their respective
rights related to inventions. Unless otherwise agreed in
writing, such restriction shall not exceed a period of six
months from the date of communication of such information.
Communication.shall be through the parties to the applicable
MOUs.
IV. BUSINESS-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A. The Parties do not expect to furnish to one another or
create, or have the partners furnish or create, business-
confidential information in the course of cooperation under
this Agreement. In the event that such information is
inadvertently furnished or created or the Parties agree to
furnish such information, the Parties and the partners shall
give full protection to such information in accordance with
their laws, regulations, and administrative practices.
B. For purposes of this Annex, "business-confidential
information" means information of a confidential nature which
meets all of the following conditions:
1. it is of a type customarily held in confidence for
commercial reasons;
2. it is not generally known or publicly available
from other sources;
3. it has not been previously made available by the
owner to others without an obligation concerning its
confidentiality; and
- 5 -
4. it is not already in the possession of the
recipient Party or partner without an obligation concerning
its confidentiality.
C. Any information to be protected as "business-
confidential information" shall be appropriately identified by
the Party or partner furnishing such information or asserting
that it is to be protected, except as otherwise provided in the
Parties' laws, regulations, and administrative practices.
Subject to the aforesaid laws, regulations and administrative
practices, unidentified information will be assumed not to be
information to be protected, except that a Party to the
cooperative activity may notify the other Party in writing,
within a reasonable period of time after furnishing or
transferring such information, that such information is
business-confidential information under the laws, regulations,
and administrative practices of its country. Such information
will thereafter be protected in accordance with paragraph A
above.
V. OTHER TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
"Other types of intellectual property" means any
intellectual property protectable in accordance with the laws,
regulations and administrative practices of either Party or any
third country other than those described in Articles II, III,
and IV above and includes, for example, mask works and
trademarks. Rights to other types of intellectual property
shall be determined in the same manner as for inventions,
- 6 -
Article III, Paragraphs B-D of this Annex. If an intellectual
property is one for which protection is available under the
laws of one Party but not of the other Party, the Party whose
laws provide such protection shall be entitled to all rights in
all countries which protect such intellectual property. The
Parties may agree, however, to a different allocation of rights
to such intellectual property.
VI. MISCELLANEOUS
A. Each Party and each partner shall take all necessary
and appropriate steps to provide for the cooperation of its
authors, inventors, and discoverers which is required to carry
out the provisions of this Annex.
B. Each Party shall assume the responsibility to pay to
its nationals such awards or compensation as may be in
accordance with its laws and regulations. This Annex does not
create any entitlement or prejudice any right or interest of
the author or inventor to an award or compensation for his or
her work or invention.
C. Intellectual property disputes arising under this
Agreement should be resolved, if possible, through discussions
between the concerned partners. If the partners cannot resolve
such a disagreement, it shall be settled through consulations
between the Parties or their designees.
VII. EFFECT OF TERMINATION OR EXPIRATION
Termination or expiration of this Agreement shall not
affect rights or obligations under this Annex.
- 7 -
VIII. APPLICABILITY
This Annex is applicable to any implementing arrangements
or cooperation under this Agreement, except as otherwise
specifically provided for in individual implementing
arrangements.
ANNEX III
AREAS OF COOPERATION
1. Geosciences
2. Basic Scientific Research in Engineering Sciences
3. Scientific Problems of the Arctic and the North
4. Life Sciences
5. Science Policy
6. Chemistry
7. Mathematics
8. Theoretical Physics
AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
ON COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
The Government of the United States of America and the
Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(hereinafter referred to as "the Parties");
Considering basic scientific research as important for
development of national economies;
Realizing that international cooperation in the field of
basic scientific research will strengthen the bonds of
friendship and understanding between their peoples and will
advance the state of science to the benefit of both countries,
as well as of all mankind;
Recalling the fruitful cooperation which has occurred
between the two countries in the past;
Referring to the relevant principles, provisions and
objectives set forth in the Final Act of the Conference on
Security and Cooperation in Europe;
Convinced of further need for developing mutually
advantageous scientific cooperation;
Noting the General Agreement Between the Government of the
United States of America and the Government of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics on Contacts, Exchanges and
Cooperation in Scientific, Technical, Educational, Cultural and
Other Fields, signed on November 21, 1985;
Wishing to establish closer and more regular cooperation
between scientific organizations and individual scientists;
Have agreed as follows:
- 2 -
ARTICLE I
The Parties shall coordinate, facilitate, and support the
development and implementation of cooperation in the field of
basic scientific research on the basis of the principles of
equality, overall reciprocity, and mutual benefit.
ARTICLE II
Taking into account that fundamental and applied research
involve a continuum of scientific activity, for the purposes of
this Agreement, "basic scientific research" means theoretical or
experimental research having as its objective the acquisition of
fuller knowledge or understanding of the elemental principles of
phenomena and observable facts; such research extends the
knowledge base from which many societal benefits ultimately
flow, and, in the framework of this Agreement, such research is
not designed for the transformation of new discoveries into
applied technologies. The foregoing definition does not
preclude subsequent application of knowledge or understanding
gained from basic scientific research conducted under this
Agreement, subject to the extent of rights under Annex II.
ARTICLE III
Cooperation under this Agreement may be implemented in the
following forms:
-- Joint scientific research projects including the
exchange of scientists, specialists, and researchers
participating in them as well as exchange of their
results;
- 3 -
-- Joint scientific conferences, symposia, and workshops;
-- Exchange of scientific information and documentation;
and
-- Other forms of cooperation which may be mutually
agreed.
ARTICLE IV
Scientific organizations of the two Parties will conclude
subsidiary Memoranda of Understanding (hereinafter referred to
as "MOUs") in order to carry out the operational implementation
of this Agreement. Consideration of MOUs shall be initiated
upon agreement of the Parties, acting through their Executive
Agents identified in Annex I, which is an integral part of this
Agreement.
ARTICLE V
Cooperative activities in the field of basic scientific
research under this Agreement will be subject to official
approval in each country, and implemented, in accordance with
their respective international obligations, national laws,
regulations and procedures. Such cooperation will be governed
by the applicable MOUs. Within this framework:
-- such cooperation may include the participation of
scientific institutions, government and nongovernment
agencies, higher educational institutions, and
individual scientists, specialists and researchers
(hereinafter referred to as "partners");
-- partners may carry out such cooperation in approved
areas through direct contacts and arrangements.
- 4 -
In order to facilitate implementation of this Agreement,
partners of one country intending to visit partners of the other
country for purposes of developing or implementing cooperation
under this Agreement are to SO indicate in applying for
permission to enter.
ARTICLE VI
Cooperation under this Agreement shall be conducted within
the limits of available funds. Financial arrangements for
cooperation will be set forth in the MOUs.
ARTICLE VII
With respect to cooperation under this Agreement, each
Party, in accordance with its international obligations,
national laws and regulations, shall:
(a) encourage the participation of qualified scientists,
specialists, and researchers in activities under this Agreement,
whether or not they are affiliated with institutions
participating in cooperation;
(b) facilitate prompt and efficient entry into and exit
from its territory of persons participating in the
implementation of this Agreement, as well as of appropriate
instrumentation and equipment; and
(c) facilitate prompt and efficient access of persons of
the other Party participating in the implementation of this
Agreement to its relevant geographic areas, institutions, data,
materials, and individual scientists, specialists, and
reseachers.
- 5 -
ARTICLE VIII
Protection of intellectual property and rights thereto
shall be as set forth in Annex II, which constitutes an
integral part of this Agreement.
ARTICLE IX
Scientific and technological information derived from
cooperative activities under this Agreement, other than
information not disclosed for commercial or industrial reasons,
shall be made available, unless otherwise agreed in writing as
provided for in Articles IV and V, to the world scientific
community. This will be accomplished through customary channels
and in accordance with Article VIII and Annex II of this
Agreement, and the normal practices and regulations of the
Parties.
ARTICLE X
The Parties agree to establish a US-USSR Joint Commission
on Cooperation in the Field of Basic Scientific Research
(hereinafter referred to as the "Joint Commission"). The
composition of the Joint Commission and the principles for its
operation are specified in Annex I.
ARTICLE XI
Initial areas of cooperation are listed in Annex III, which
constitutes an integral part of this Agreement. Additions,
deletions, or modifications to the list of areas may be
- 6 -
considered by the Joint Commission, as provided in Annex I,
paragraph 7, and must be approved by the Parties, as provided in
paragraph 4 of Article XIV.
ARTICLE XII
This Agreement and the MOUs shall be without prejudice to
other agreements concluded between the Parties.
ARTICLE XIII
This Agreement shall be without prejudice to the
cooperation of either Party with other States and international
organizations.
ARTICLE XIV
1. This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by
both Parties and shall remain in force for five years. It may
be extended for further five-year periods through an exchange of
notes between the Parties.
2. Either Party may at any time give written notice to the
other Party of its intention to terminate this Agreement, in
which case this Agreement will terminate six months from the
date notice is received by the other Party.
3. Expiration of this Agreement shall not affect the
implementation of any cooperative activity undertaken pursuant
to this Agreement and not fully executed before expiration
occurs.
4. This Agreement may be amended by written agreement of
the Parties.
- 7 -
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized
by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE at
PARIS
, this
8th
day of
JANUARY
, 1989, in duplicate in the English
and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:
Gaze P. shally
neeseler
ANNEX I
US-USSR JOINT COMMISSION ON COOPERATION IN
THE FIELD OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
In accordance with Article X of this Agreement:
1. The Parties shall establish a Joint Commission
consisting of representatives of both Parties, including their
Executive Agents, as set forth in paragraph 4 below, and the
parties to the MOUs.
2. Members of the Joint Commission shall serve without
compensation.
3. The Joint Commission shall adopt procedures for its
operation, and shall ordinarily meet once a year, alternately
in the United States and in the Soviet Union.
4. Each Party shall have an Executive Agent to assist the
Joint Commission. The Executive Agent of the United States
will be the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP). The Executive Agent of the Soviet Union will be the
USSR State Committee for Science and Technology (GKNT).
5. The Executive Agent of each Party shall designate a
Co-Chairperson of the Joint Commission. The Co-Chairperson of
the hosting side shall act as Chairperson of the Joint
Commission for the duration of that meeting. The Joint
Commission shall act by mutual agreement.
6. The Joint Commission shall review, coordinate, and
facilitate cooperation in the field of basic scientific
research and recommend measures and programs for consideration
and subsequent approval by both Parties.
- 2 -
7. The Joint Commission may consider proposals for
additions, deletions, or modifications to the list of areas of
cooperation in Annex III, which it shall forward to the Parties
for their approval. Changes to Annex III which have been
approved by the Parties will be submitted in writing to the
Joint Commission.
ANNEX II
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Pursuant to Article VIII of this Agreement:
I. GENERAL
A. For purposes of this Agreement, "intellectual property"
is understood to have the meaning found in Article 2 of the
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property
Organization, done at Stockholm July 14, 1967.
B. The Parties shall ensure adequate and effective
protection for intellectual property created or furnished under
this Agreement and relevant implementing arrangements
thereunder.
II. COPYRIGHTS
The Parties and the partners shall take appropriate steps
to secure copyright to works created under this Agreement in
accordance with their national laws, except as specifically
provided otherwise in an applicable implementing arrangement.
Rights to works created under this Agreement shall be
determined in the applicable implementing arrangement.
III. INVENTIONS
A. For purposes of this Annex, "invention" means any
invention made in the course of cooperation under this
Agreement or implementing arrangements thereunder which is or
may be patentable or otherwise protectable under the laws of
the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, or any third country. An invention "made" means one
conceived or for which an application for patent or other title
of protection has been filed or which has otherwise been
reduced to practice.
- 2 -
B. Between a Party and its nationals, the ownership of
rights and interests in inventions will be determined in
accordance with that Party's national laws and practices.
C. As between the Parties, unless otherwise specifically
provided in an applicable implementing arrangement, the Parties
and the partners shall take appropriate steps to secure rights
to implement the following:
1. If the invention is made in the course of a program
of cooperative activity that involves only the transfer or
exchange of information between the Parties, such as by
joint meetings, seminars, or the exchange of technical
reports or papers, unless provided otherwise in an
applicable implementing arrangement:
a. The Party whose personnel makes the invention
("the Inventing Party") has the right to obtain all
rights and interests in the invention in all countries
in accordance with applicable national laws of such
countries;
b. In any country where the Inventing Party
decides not to obtain such rights and interests, the
other Party has the right to do so.
2. If the invention is made by personnel of one Party
("the Assigning Party") while assigned to the other Party
("the Receiving Party") in the course of a program of
cooperative activity that involves only the visit or
exchange of scientific and technical personnel:
- 3 -
a. The Receiving Party has the right to obtain
all rights and interests in the invention in all
countries in accordance with applicable national laws
of such countries;
b. In any country where the Receiving Party
decides not to obtain such rights and interests, the
Assigning Party has the right to do SO.
D. Arrangements involving other forms of cooperation, such
as joint research projects with an agreed scope of work, shall
provide for the mutually agreed upon disposition of rights to
an invention made as a result of such activity on an equitable
basis. Except as otherwise specifically agreed, each Party has
the right to obtain all rights and interests in the invention
in its own country, whereas the right to secure legal
protection of that invention in third countries, as well as the
right to license or transfer such rights and interests in third
countries, shall be allocated by mutual written agreement.
E. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an invention is of a
type for which exclusive rights are available under the laws of
one Party but not of the other Party, the Party whose laws
provide for exclusive rights shall be entitled to all rights in
all countries which provide rights to such invention. The
Parties may agree, however, to a different allocation of rights
to such invention.
F. The Parties shall disclose to one another inventions
made in the course of programs of cooperative activities and
furnish to one another any documentation and information
- 4 -
necessary to enable them to secure any rights to which they may
be entitled. The Parties may ask one another in writing to
delay publication or public disclosure of such documentation or
information for the purpose of protecting their respective
rights related to inventions. Unless otherwise agreed in
writing, such restriction shall not exceed a period of six
months from the date of communication of such information.
Communication.shall be through the parties to the applicable
MOUs.
IV. BUSINESS-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A. The Parties do not expect to furnish to one another or
create, or have the partners furnish or create, business-
confidential information in the course of cooperation under
this Agreement. In the event that such information is
inadvertently furnished or created or the Parties agree to
furnish such information, the Parties and the partners shall
give full protection to such information in accordance with
their laws, regulations, and administrative practices.
B. For purposes of this Annex, "business-confidential
information" means information of a confidential nature which
meets all of the following conditions:
1. it is of a type customarily held in confidence for
commercial reasons;
2. it is not generally known or publicly available
from other sources;
3. it has not been previously made available by the
owner to others without an obligation concerning its
confidentiality; and
- 5 -
4. it is not already in the possession of the
recipient Party or partner without an obligation concerning
its confidentiality.
C. Any information to be protected as "business-
confidential information" shall be appropriately identified by
the Party or partner furnishing such information or asserting
that it is to be protected, except as otherwise provided in the
Parties' laws, regulations, and administrative practices.
Subject to the aforesaid laws, regulations and administrative
practices, unidentified information will be assumed not to be
information to be protected, except that a Party to the
cooperative activity may notify the other Party in writing,
within a reasonable period of time after furnishing or
transferring such information, that such information is
business-confidential information under the laws, regulations,
and administrative practices of its country. Such information
will thereafter be protected in accordance with paragraph A
above.
V. OTHER TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
"Other types of intellectual property" means any
intellectual property protectable in accordance with the laws,
regulations and administrative practices of either Party or any
third country other than those described in Articles II, III,
and IV above and includes, for example, mask works and
trademarks. Rights to other types of intellectual property
shall be determined in the same manner as for inventions,
- 6 -
Article III, Paragraphs B-D of this Annex. If an intellectual
property is one for which protection is available under the
laws of one Party but not of the other Party, the Party whose
laws provide such protection shall be entitled to all rights in
all countries which protect such intellectual property. The
Parties may agree, however, to a different allocation of rights
to such intellectual property.
VI. MISCELLANEOUS
A. Each Party and each partner shall take all necessary
and appropriate steps to provide for the cooperation of its
authors, inventors, and discoverers which is required to carry
out the provisions of this Annex.
B. Each Party shall assume the responsibility to pay to
its nationals such awards or compensation as may be in
accordance with its laws and regulations. This Annex does not
create any entitlement or prejudice any right or interest of
the author or inventor to an award or compensation for his or
her work or invention.
C. Intellectual property disputes arising under this
Agreement should be resolved, if possible, through discussions
between the concerned partners. If the partners cannot resolve
such a disagreement, it shall be settled through consulations
between the Parties or their designees.
VII. EFFECT OF TERMINATION OR EXPIRATION
Termination or expiration of this Agreement shall not
affect rights or obligations under this Annex.
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VIII. APPLICABILITY
This Annex is applicable to any implementing arrangements
or cooperation under this Agreement, except as otherwise
specifically provided for in individual implementing
arrangements.
ANNEX III
AREAS OF COOPERATION
1. Geosciences
2. Basic Scientific Research in Engineering Sciences
3. Scientific Problems of the Arctic and the North
4. Life Sciences
5. Science Policy
6. Chemistry
7. Mathematics
8. Theoretical Physics
88 ciguent
AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
ON COOPERATION IN TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The Government of the United States of America and the
Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
(hereinafter referred to as "the Parties");
Recognizing that cooperation in the field of transportation
science and technology can promote the well-being and
prosperity of both countries;
Affirming that cooperation will strengthen friendly
relations between both countries;
Desiring to establish closer and regular cooperation
between appropriate scientific and technical organizations and
individuals in both countries;
Noting the General Agreement between the Government of the
United States of America and the Government of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics on Contacts, Exchanges, and
Cooperation in Scientific, Technical, Educational, Cultural and
Other Fields, signed on November 21, 1985;
Recalling the Helsinki Final Act;
Have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE I
1. The Parties will develop and implement cooperation in
the following areas of mutual interest:
(a) Civil aviation;
(b) Railroad safety;
(c) Highway bridge construction; and
(d) Highway and traffic safety.
2. The list of agreed initial topics for cooperation
within the framework of areas of mutual interest is set forth
in Annex I, which is an integral part of this Agreement.
3. Cooperation will be based on the principles of
equality, reciprocity and mutual benefit and will be aimed at
solving common transportation problems and improving the safety
level and usefulness of transportation systems in each country.
ARTICLE II
Cooperation under this Agreement may involve:
1. Exchanges of scientists, specialists and
researchers;
2. Exchanges of scientific and technical information,
documentation, and, where appropriate, scientific
equipment;
3. Joint conferences, seminars and workshops;
4. Joint planning, development and implementation of
research projects and programs; and
5. Such other forms of cooperation as may be mutually
agreed.
ARTICLE III
1. Implementation of this Agreement will be carried out by
governmental organizations within the framework of agreed
cooperative activities.
2. In addition, the Parties may encourage, as appropriate,
cooperation involving other interested organizations in the
area of transportation science and technology.
ARTICLE IV
1. The Parties will establish a Joint Committee on
Cooperation in Transportation Science and Technology
(hereinafter, the "Joint Committee"), which normally will meet
once a year, alternately in the United States and the Soviet
Union, unless otherwise agreed.
2. The Joint Committee will' review cooperative activities
under this Agreement and submit an annual report to the Parties
on the status of such activities.
3. The Joint Committee may make recommendations to the
Parties on ways to improve cooperation, on changes in the list
of areas of mutual interest and on changes in topics for
cooperation within such areas, and on such other matters
related to cooperation in the field of transportation science
and technology as it deems appropriate.
ARTICLE V
1. Each Party will have an Executive Agent. The Executive
Agent for the United States of America will be the Department
of Transportation. The Executive Agent for the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics will be the State Committee on Science and
Technology.
2. The Executive Agents will be responsible for
coordination and supervision of cooperative activities under
this Agreement. The Executive Agents will establish a joint
working group for each of the areas of cooperation listed in
Article I to assist then in carrying out their functions.
ARTICLE VI
1. All activities under this Agreement, including
exchanges of technical information and equipment, exchanges of
specialists, and the carrying out of cooperative activities,
will be conducted in accordance with the international
obligations, national laws and regulations of the Parties and
within the limits of available funds.
2. Each Party or participating organization will bear the
costs of its participation in carrying out cooperative
activities under this Agreement, unless otherwise mutually
agreed.
ARTICLE VII
With respect to cooperative activities under this
Agreement, each Party, in accordance with its international
obligations, national laws and regulations, will:
(a) ensure that qualified specialists may participate
in activities under this Agreement, whether or not
they are affiliated with institutions participating in
the implementation of this Agreement;
(b) facilitate prompt and efficient entry into and
exit from its territory of participants of the other
Party, as well as provide access to its institutions,
organizations, relevant geographic areas, information,
materials, and individual specialists; and
(c) facilitate prompt and efficient entry into and
exit from its territory of necessary equipment and
instrumentation of the other Party.
ARTICLE VIII
Protection of intellectual property and rights thereto will
be as set forth in Annex II, which is an integral part of this
Agreement.
ARTICLE IX
Scientific and technological information derived from
cooperative activities under this Agreement, other than
information not disclosed for commercial or industrial reasons,
will be made available, unless otherwise agreed in writing, to
the world scientific community through customary channels and
in accordance with Article VIII and Annex II of this Agreement,
and the normal practices and regulations of the Parties.
ARTICLE X
This Agreement will be without prejudice to the cooperation
of either Party with other States and international
organizations.
ARTICLE XI
1. This Agreement will enter into force upon signature by
the Parties and will remain in force for five years.
2. The Parties may mutually agree to extend or amend this
Agreement.
3. Either Party may at any time give notice in writing to
the other Party of its intention to terminate this Agreement,
in which case this Agreement will terminate six months from the
date notice is received.
4. Expiration of this Agreement will not affect the
implementation of any cooperative activity undertaken pursuant
to the Agreement and not fully executed before expiration
occurs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized
by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE at Moscow, in duplicate, this thirty-first day of May,
1988, in the English and Russian languages, both texts being
equally authentic.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:
Gross P. States
Truas
GEORGE P. SHULTZ
EDUARD AMVROSIYEVICH SHEVARDNADZE
Secretary of State
Minister of Foreign Affairs
ANNEX I
AREAS AND TOPICS FOR COOPERATION
In the area of civil aviation:
1. Microwave landing system;
2. Air traffic control requirements, including
Mode S secondary radar requirements/data link,
collision avoidance systems, and satellite
civil aviation applications;
3. Accident investigation; and
4. Aviation medicine.
In the area of railroad safety:
1. Locomotive engineer selection and training;
2. Human factors affecting crew performance;
3. Rail traffic safety; and
4. Railway bridge inspection.
In the area of highway bridge construction:
1. Streambed degradation;
2. Deck construction techniques;
3. Segmental construction techniques;
4. Concrete studies; and
5. Electroslag welding.
In the area of highway and traffic safety programs:
1. Human factors studies; and
2. Physical factors (highway).
ANNEX II
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Pursuant to Article VIII of this Agreement:
I. GENERAL
A. For purposes of this Agreement, "intellectual property" is
understood to have the meaning found in Article 2 of the
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property
Organization, done at Stockholm July 14, 1967.
B. The Parties shall ensure adequate and effective protection
for intellectual property created or furnished under this
Agreement.
II. COPYRIGHTS
The Parties and their Executive Agents shall take
appropriate steps to secure copyright to works created under
this Agreement in accordance with their respective national
laws, except as otherwise specifically agreed. The following
provisions shall apply to copyright protection for works
created under this Agreement:
1. Except as otherwise agreed, each Party is entitled to a
nonexclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license under a
copyright, secured in accordance with the national laws of
either Party, to translate, reproduce, publish, and distribute
published scientific, technical, and medical works in its own
territory, with the right to grant sublicenses in its territory
in accordance with that Party's laws and practices. Any such
copyrighted work shall indicate the names of all persons who
participated in the joint work. Either Party is entitled to a
license in third countries upon request.
2. Rights to other copyrighted works and copyrighted works
that may also be protected as business-confidential information
shall be allocated in the same manner as inventions, Article
III, Paragraphs B-E of this Annex. A Party receiving rights
pursuant to this provision to copyrighted works which embody
business-confidential information shall protect such
information in accordance with Article IV of this Annex.
III. INVENTIONS
A. For purposes of this Annex, "invention" means any invention
made in the course of cooperation under this Agreement which is
or may be patentable or otherwise protectable under the laws of
the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, or any third country. An invention "made" means one
conceived or for which an application for patent or other title
of protection has been filed or which has otherwise been
reduced to practice.
- 3 -
B. Between a Party and its nationals, the ownership of rights
and interests in inventions will be determined in accordance
with that Party's national laws and practices.
C. As between the Parties, unless otherwise specifically
agreed, the Parties and their Executive Agents shall take.
appropriate steps to secure rights to implement the following:
1. If the invention is made as a result of a program of
cooperative activity that involves only the transfer or
exchange of information between the Parties, such as by
joint meetings, seminars, or the exchange of technical
reports or papers:
a. The Party whose personnel makes the invention
("the Inventing Party") has the right to obtain all
rights and interests in the invention in all countries
in accordance with applicable national laws of such
countries;
b. In any country where the Inventing Party decides
not to obtain such rights and interests, the other
Party has the right to do so.
2. If the invention is made by personnel of one Party
("the Assigning Party") while assigned to the other Party
("the Receiving Party") in the course of a program of
cooperative activity that involves only the visit or exchange
of scientific and technical personnel:
a. The Receiving Party has the right to obtain all
rights and interests in the invention in all countries
in accordance with applicable national laws of such
countries;
b. In any country where the Receiving Party decides
not to obtain such rights and interests, the Assigning
Party has the right to do so.
D. For other forms of cooperation, such as joint research
projects with an agreed scope of work, each Party has the right
to obtain all rights and interests in any invention made as a
result of such cooperation in its own country, whereas the
Party in whose country the invention was made has first option
to secure legal protection of that invention in third
countries, as well as the right to license or transfer such
rights and interests in third cóuntries.
E. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an invention is of a type
for which exclusive rights are available under the laws of one
Party but not of the other Party, the Party whose laws provide
for exclusive rights shall be entitled to all rights in all
countries which provide rights to such invention. The Parties
may agree, however, to a different. allocation of rights to such
invention.
F. The Parties shall disclose to one another inventions made
in the course of programs of coopetative activities and furnish
to one another any documentation and information necessary to
enable them to secure any right to which they may be entitled.
The Parties may ask one another in writing to delay publication
or public disclosure of such documentation or information for
the purpose of protecting their respective rights related to
inventions. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, such
restriction shall not exceed a period of six months from the
date of communication of such information. Communication shall
be through the Parties.
IV. BUSINESS-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A. The Parties do not expect to furnish or create, or have
their Executive Agents furnish or create, business-confidential
information in the course of cooperation under this Agreement.
In the event that such information is inadvertently furnished
or created or the Parties agree to furnish such information,
the Parties and their Executive Agents shall give full
protection to such information in accordance with their laws,
regulations, and administrative practices.
B. For purposes of this Annex, "business-confidential
information" means information of a confidential nature which
meets all of the following conditions:
- 6 -
1. it is of a type customarily held in confidence for
commercial reasons;
2. it is not generally known or publicly available
from other sources;
3. it has not been previously made available by the
owner to others without an obligation concerning its
confidentiality; and
4. it is not already in the possession of the
recipient Party or Executive Agent without an
obligation concerning its confidentiality.
C. Any information to be protected as "business-confidential
information" shall be appropriately identified by the Party or
Executive Agent furnishing such information or asserting that
it is to be protected, except as otherwise provided in the
Parties' laws, regulations, and administrative practices.
Subject to the aforesaid laws, regulations, and administrative
practices, unidentified information will be assumed not to be
information to be protected, except that a Party to the
cooperative activity may notify the other Party in writing,
within a reasonable period of time after furnishing or
transferring such information, that such information is
business-confidential information under the laws, regulations,
and administrative practices of its country. Such information
will thereafter be protected in accordance with Paragraph A
above.
V. OTHER TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
"Other types of intellectual property" means any
intellectual property protectable in accordance with the laws,
regulations, and administrative practices of either Party or
any third country other than those described in Articies II,
III, and IV above and includes, for example, mask works and
trademarks. Rights to other types of intellectual property
shall be determined in the same manner as for inventions,
Article III, Paragraphs B-D of this Annex. If an intellectual
property is one for which protection is available under the
laws of one Party but not of the other Party, the Party whose
laws provide such protection shall be entitled to all rights in
all countries which protect such intellectual property. The
Parties may agree, however, to a different allocation of rights
to such intellectual property.
VI. MISCELLANEOUS
A. Each Party and its Executive Agent shall take all necessary
and appropriate steps to provide for the cooperation of its
authors, inventors, and discoverers which is required to carry
out the provisions of this Annex.
- 8 -
B. Each Party shall assume the responsibility to pay to its
nationals such awards or compensation as may be in accordance
with its laws and regulations. This Annex does not create any
entitlement or prejudice any right or interest of the author or
inventor to an award or compensation for his or her work or
invention.
C. Intellectual property disputes arising under this Agreement
should be resolved, if possible, through discussions between
the Executive Agents. If the Executive Agents cannot resolve
such a dispute, it shall be settled through consultations
between the Parties or their designees.
VII. EFFECT OF TERMINATION OR EXPIRATION
Termination or expiration of this Agreement shall not
affect rights or obligations under this Annex.
VIII. APPLICABILITY
This Annex is applicable to all cooperative activities
undertaken pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise
specifically agreed.
AGREEMENT
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND
THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
CONCERNING COOPERATION IN THE EXPLORATION
AND USE OF OUTER SPACE FOR PEACEFUL PURPOSES
The United States of America and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics, hereinafter referred to as the Parties;
Considering the role of the two States in the exploration
and use of outer space for peaceful purposes;
Desiring to make the results of the exploration and use of
outer space available for the benefit of the peoples of the two
States and of all peoples of the world;
Taking into consideration the provisions of the Treaty on
rinciples Governing the Activities of States in the
Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and
Other Celestial Bodies, and other multilateral agreements
regarding the exploration and use of outer space to which both
States are Parties:
Noting the General Agreement Between the Government of the
United States of America and the Government of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics on Contacts, Exchanges, and
Cooperation in Scientific, Technical, Educational, Cultural,
and other fields, signed on November 21, 1985;
Have agreed as follows:
- 2 -
ARTICLE 1
The Parties shall carry out cooperation in such fields of
space science as solar system exploration, space astronomy and
astrophysics, earth sciences, solar-terrestrial physics, and
space biology and medicine.
The initial agreed list of cooperative projects is attached
as an Annex.
ARTICLE 2
The Parties shall carry out cooperation by means of mutual
exchanges of scientific information and delegations, meetings
of scientists and specialists and in such other ways as may be
mutually agreed, including exchange of scientific equipment
where appropriate. The Parties, acting through their
designated cooperating agencies, shall.form joint working
groups for the implementation of cooperation in each of the
fields listed in Article 1. The recommendations of the joint
working groups shall be subject to the approval of each Party
in accordance with its appropriate national procedures prior to
implementation. The designated cooperating agencies shall
notify each other of the action taken by the Parties on the
recommendations within three months of their adoption by the
joint working groups.
- 3 -
- -
ARTICLE 3
The joint working groups shall begin their work with the
projects listed in the Annex to this Agreement. Revisions to
the list of projects in the Annex, which may include the
identification of other projects in which cooperation would be
of mutual benefit, may be effected by written agreement between
the Parties through a procedure to be determined by them.
ARTICLE 4
Cooperative activities under this Agreement, including
exchanges of technical information, equipment and data, shall
he conducted in accordance with international law as well as
: international obligations, national laws, and regulations
of each Party, and within the limits of available funds.
ARTICLE 5
This Agreement shall be without prejudice to the
cooperation of either Party with other States and international
organizations.
ARTICLE 6
The Parties shall enccurage international cooperation in
? study of legal questions of mutual interest which may arise
in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.
- 4 -
ARTICLE 7
- -
This Agreement will enter into force on the date of
signature by the Parties and will remain in force for five years.
It may be extended for further five-year periods by an exchange
of notes between the Parties. Either Party may notify the other
in writing of its intent to terminate this Agreement at any time
effective six months after receipt of such notices by the other
Party.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized
by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE at Moscow, in duplicate, this 15th day of April, 1987,
in the English and Russian languages, both texts being equally
authentic.
bese P. Shully
FOR THE UNITED STATES OF
FOR THE UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:
AMERICA:
ANNEX
AGREED LIST OF COOPERATIVE PROJECTS
1. Coordination of the Phobos, Vesta, and Mars Observer
ssions and the exchange of scientific data resulting from
em.
2. Utilization of the U.S. Deep Space Network for position
tracking of the Phobos and Vesta landers and subsequent
exchange of scientific data.
3. Invitation, by mutual agreement, of co-investigators'
and/or interdisciplinary scientists' participation in the Mars
Observer and the Phobos and Vesta missions.
4. Joint studies to identify the most promising landing sites
on Mars.
5. Exchange of scientific data on the exploration of the
Venusian surface.
6. Exchange of scientific data on cosmic dust, meteorites and
lunar materials.
7. Exchange of scientific data in the field of radio astronomy.
8. Exchange of scientific data in the fields of cosmic
gamma-ray, x-ray and sub-millimeter astronomy.
Exchange of scientific data and coordination of programs
d investigations relative to studies of gamma ray burst data.
10. Coordination of observations from solar terrestrial
physics missions and the subsequent exchange of appropriate
scientific data.
11. Coordination of activities in the study of global changes
of the natural environment.
12. Cooperation in the Cosmos biosatellite program.
13. Exchange of appropriate biomedical data from U.S. and
U.S.S.R. manned space flights.
14. Exchange of data arising from studies of space
flight-induced changes of metabolism, including the metabolism
of calcium, from both space flight and ground experiments.
15. Exploration of the feasibility of joint fundamental and
applied biomedical experiments on the ground and in various
types of spacecraft, including exobiology.
16. Preparation and publication of a second amplified edition
of the joint study "Fundamentals of Space Biology and Medicine."
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Agreement
[Russian] (5 pp.)
(b)(1)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
O'Neil, John F., Files
Subseries:
Russia Subject Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
US Soviet Agreement on Basic Scientific Research [1 of 2]
Date Closed:
5/26/2010
OA/ID Number:
62093-007
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
FIRST MEETING OF THE US/USSR JOINT WORKING GROUP
ON ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
WASHINGTON, DC, USA.
APRIL 26 - MAY 3, 1988
1.
The US/USSR Joint Working Group (JWG) on Astronomy and
Astrophysics held its first meeting in Washington, D.C., USA. from
April 26 - May 3, 1988. This meeting was held pursuant to the
"Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning Cooperation in the
Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes" signed
in Moscow on April 15, 1987. The participants at this meeting are
listed in Attachment 1. The agreed agenda is provided in
Attachment 2. The USSR Co-Chairman of the JWG is Dr. Rashid A.
Sunyaev, Chief of the High Energy Astrophysics Program of the
Space Research Institute (IKI), USSR Academy of Sciences. The US
Co-Chairman of the JWG is Dr. Charles J. Pellerin, Jr., Director,
Astrophysics Division, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA).
2.
The US and USSR sides reviewed their present and future
programs in space astrophysics, and concluded it was mutually
beneficial to cooperate in the study and exploration of the
Universe. Over the past three decades both sides have made
major contributions to understanding the origin and evolution of
the Universe by using observations from space vehicles.
3.
Each side presented an overview of their plans for study of the
Universe using space techniques. The US side discussed past
missions and the status of the data from each of these: the
International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), the Infrared Astronomical
Satellite (IRAS), the High Energy Astronomy Observatories (HEAO-
1 and HEAO-2), and the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). They also
discussed missions under development: the Hubble Space
Telescope (HST), the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), the
1
Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE), the Gamma Ray Observatory
(GRO), Astro, and Gravity Probe-B (GP-B). Planned missions,
including the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), the X-
ray Timing Explorer (XTE), and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Explorer (FUSE) were also discussed. The Astrophysics Data
System plans for data analysis on each mission were also
discussed. The USSR discussed their missions: Astron, Mir/Kvant
and Relict-1; their upcoming missions Gamma-1, Granat, Relict-2
and their future missions Spectrum X-Gamma, Radioastron, 1.7m
UV telescope, and Aelita, They also presented their capabilities
for gamma-ray burst studies on the USSR Phobos mission.
4.
Exchange of scientific data in the field of radio astronomy: In
accordance with Annex item 7 in the Space Agreement, the JWG
discussed coordination of observations, and exchange of data for
subsequent correlation between the USSR Radioastron mission and
the US ground- based radio-astronomy facilities, including the
Very Large Array (VLA), the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)
and the Deep Space Network (DSN). Data resulting from the
coordinated observations will be correlated in the US and USSR,
exchanged, and analyzed jointly.
4.1 The Soviet side presented information on their Radioastron
mission, and the US side described their present VLA, the
capabilities of the DSN for radioastronomy, and those of the
VLBA now under construction. The US side informed that
the VLBA will be completed in 1992 and this system might
be used with the Radioastron mission. There is a history of
very successful cooperation between the US and USSR in
ground based radioastronomy. It was noted that the
scientific results from both the USSR space mission and the
US ground-based facilities would be enhanced in a mutually
beneficial way if interferometric data were obtained
simultaneously by the space and ground elements in such a
manner that they could be correlated and jointly analyzed.
Such coordination could proceed in several steps:
2
4.1.a Identification of specific astrophysical sources or
phenomena which are appropriate to study using the
added baseline and image coverage obtainable with
coordinated interferometric observations.
4.1.b
Development of the coordinated observation
sequences, and detailed plans for simultaneous
observations, during the operations phase of
Radioastron.
4.1.c
Simultaneous observations of astronomical sources
using the Radioastron mission and US ground-based
radio telescopes.
4.1.d
Electronic correlation of US and USSR data by the US
in US facilities, and US and USSR data by the USSR
side in USSR facilities, and the subsequent transfer of
the finished data products to scientists on both sides.
4.2 It was agreed that the coordination and subsequent data
exchange activity described above could begin most
effectively with continued discussions between the project
scientists for the two activities, namely Dr. N. Kardashev of
IKI for Radioastron and Dr. K. Kellerman of NRAO for the US
ground-based facilities.
4.2.a An implementation team will be formed at the
appropriate time under the auspices of the JWG.
4.3 It was suggested by the Soviet side that the US consider a
significant role in the operation of the Radioastron mission.
This would involve high-bandwidth communications
between the Radioastron and a US ground system, such as
the DSN, in order to accomplish science data acquisition from
the spacecraft, the transfer of the timing data needed to
assure proper subsequent data correlation and orbit
determination. The US agreed to consider this proposal and
respond by the next JWG.
3
5.
Exchange of data in the fields of cosmic gamma-ray. x-ray and
submillimeter astronomy. In accordance with Annex item 8 of the
Space Agreement, the JWG discussed cooperation and exchanges of
data from past and future missions. It was agreed there were
many opportunities for exchange of data resulting from past
missions, and for coordination of observations and subsequent
data exchanges on future missions, and that such exchanges would
be mutually beneficial.
5.1
The Soviet side presented information on its gamma-ray
results from the Mir/Kvant, and on their future missions
Gamma-1, Granat and Spectrum X-gamma. The US
presented information on their past missions HEAO-1 and
HEAO-3, the presently operating Solar Maximum Mission
(SMM) and the future GRO. The sides agreed that an
exchange and comparison of past data on objects of mutual
interest was beneficial to both sides, and that coordination
of observations with subsequent exchange of data on future
missions was also of mutual benefit and would enhance the
scientific return from each side's missions.
5.1.a
The sides agreed to establish an implementation
team at the appropriate time under the auspices of
the JWG.
5.2
The US side presented information on the past X-ray
astronomy mission HEAO-2, the XTE (1994) and the planned
AXAF (1995). The USSR presented information on the
Mir/Kvant, the future Granat, and the mission Spectrum X-
Gamma. It was agreed that many of these missions
overlapped in time, or had results of a complementary
nature on astrophysical sources of mutual interest. It is
therefore of mutual benefit to both sides to exchange data
and coordinate observations on X-ray sources of joint
4
interest. This would enhance the scientific return of each
side's missions.
5.2.a
The sides therefore agreed to discuss these topics in
the same implementation team as for gamma-ray
topics mentioned above. This team will thus be
responsible for high energy (i.e., X-ray and gamma-
ray) astronomy.
5.2.b
The Soviet side noted that the Spectrum X-Gamma
mission includes two thin foil telescopes with 8
meter focal length. The current concept envisions
sliding focal plane detectors that can accommodate
up to eight to ten detectors. It is intended to select
the flight detectors in an international competition.
The USSR side invited the US to suggest experiments
in the area of high energy astrophysics for possible
flight on this mission. Decisions about the flight
experiment complement are expected to be taken by
the Soviet side following meetings with the
international scientific community planned for
September 1988. The US side agreed to take this
suggestion under consideration, and will respond
before the September meeting. The Soviet side also
noted that a second Spectrum X-Gamma mission
mainly devoted to gamma-ray spectroscopy, gamma-
ray bursts, and X-ray timing was under
consideration, and expressions of interest in
participation by the US side would be welcome.
5.3
The USSR side presented information on their past cosmic
background experiment, Relict-1, and on future missions,
Relict-2 and Aelita. The US side described the Infrared
Astronomy Satellite mission (IRAS) (1983) and future
Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) (1989). It was
recognized that several of these missions complemented
5
each other, and nearly overlapped in time, and all had data
on astrophysical phenomena of mutual interest. Both sides
agree that microwave background investigations are
important and should be continued. In fact, the combined
experiments promise to reveal significant insights into the
origin and fate of the universe. A critical issue in the
interpretation of the data from the missions of each side is
the removal of systematic errors. The exchange of data by
the sides will enable them to minimize this background
interference. It is, therefore, of great interest to exchange
data and coordinate observations to obtain the maximum
scientific benefit from missions on both sides.
5.3.a The sides therefore agreed to establish an
implemention team at an appropriate time under
the auspices of the JWG.
6.
Exchanges of data and coordination of observations in the field of
cosmic gamma-ray bursts. In accordance with Annex item 9 of
the Space Agreement, the JWG discussed exchanges of data and
coordination of observations from current and future missions. It
was agreed that comparison of data from several spacecraft was
important for identification and location of burst sources, and that
such cooperative data analysis would be of mutual benefit. Both
sides recognized the scientific importance of continued study of
gamma-ray bursts.
6.1
The USSR side presented information on its current
observations from the Mir/Kvant instrumentation and
described the future gamma-burst instrumentation for the
Phobos mission to Mars (1988) and Granat mission
scheduled for 1989. Also, two experiments planned for
MIR were described. They are "Marina" to be launched in
1989 , and "Marina-2" to be launched in 1990. US
participation in the data analysis from these two
experiments was encouraged by the Soviet side. The US side
6
discussed the operations of the gamma-burst detectors on
the Solar Maximum Mission, the Pioneer Venus orbiter, and
the joint US/Japanese gamma-burst detectors on the Ginga
satellite. The US also described the planned gamma-burst
sensors for the Gamma Ray Observatory mission (1990), the
NASA/ESA Ulysses mission (1990) and the Mars Observer
Mission scheduled for 1992. Since both the US and USSR
have both current and future efforts in gamma-burst
studies, the time is particularly appropriate for the exchange
of data from the respective National programs and
coordinated studies.
6.1.a. The sides, therefore, agreed to establish an
implementation team under the auspices of the JWG
at an appropriate time.
6.2 The sides agreed to continue the coordination in gamma-ray
burst studies, begun in 1977 under the previous US/USSR
space agreement, including studies involving the Georgian
Academy of Sciences.
7.
Exchanges of data in the field of visible and UV astronomy. It was
noted that all spectral ranges except the visible and ultraviolet
(UV) were discussed in the context of data exchanges. Both sides
noted that it would be mutually beneficial if US results from the
HST, Astro and EUVE be exchanged for USSR results from EUV
instruments on Spectrum X-Gamma and on their proposed 1.7m
UV telescope.
7.1 In accordance with the request from the Soviet co-chairman
before the meeting, the US side presented information on
their Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Astro, and EUVE mission
and on the status of data from the International Ultraviolet
Explorer. The Soviet side described their Astron mission,
the capabilities of the normal incidence EUV telescopes on
7
Spectrum X-Gamma, their 1.7m space UV telescope under
study.
7.1.a Both sides agreed to take ther matter under consideration.
A report on the status of exchanges in this area would be
made at the next JWG meeting.
8.
Proposal for a US EUV telescope on Spectrum X-Gamma The
Soviets noted that there are available resources on the USSR
approved mission, Spectrum X-Gamma. Both sides agreed that an
extreme ultra-violet (EUV) telescope/spectrometer could provide
an important complement to the present array of instruments.
The Soviet side suggested that the US side propose a grazing
incidence EUV telescope/spectrometer. The US will consider this
and will respond to the suggestion.
8.1
The US will consider the possibility of providing the mirrors,
gratings, and structure for an EUV telescope of at least 70
cm in diameter to be included in the Spectrum X-Gamma
mission. The USSR side will examine the accommodation of
such an instrument on the Spectrum X-Gamma mission.
Both sides will report on the status of these matters before
September 1988.
9.
The Mission Planning Process. It was noted that the international
scientific community is involved in mission planning processes of
each side. It was agreed that whenever scientists from either side
were requested to participate in scientific meeting for the purpose
of planning future, or on-going Astrophysics missions, the
invitation will be made through the respective agencies on each
side responsible for implementing the US/USSR space agreement.
In this regard, in the case of invitations to the US scientific
community, all requests will be made to NASA, not directly to the
US scientists themselves.
8
10.
The Implementation Teams. For the projects listed above,
implementation teams will be formed at an appropriate time. The
teams will be co-chaired by the USSR and US. The Co-Chairmen,
members of the teams, and meeting schedules for the teams will
be determined by the JWG Co-Chairmen. The teams will consist of
scientists from the relevant missions including Project Scientists,
Investigators, and other persons as appropriate. The teams will
work out the detailed arrangements for items to be
provided/exchanged and the rights of participants from each side
with respect to such matters as publications, authorship, and data.
The work of the implementing teams will be reviewed and
ratified by the JWG Co-Chairmen.
11.
The sides agreed to hold the second meeting of the Astronomy
and Astrophysics JWG in the USSR in early 1989. The exact dates
and place of the meeting, proposed agenda, and names/affiliations
of the participants will be exchanged between the two sides at
least two months prior to the next JWG meeting.
12.
This document is subject to confirmation by the sides within three
months of the date of signature.
13.
This document has been prepared in the English and Russian
languages, both versions of which are equally authentic.
9
Signed in Washington, in duplicate, on May 2, 1988.
Dr. Rashid Crongh A. Sunyaev
USSR Co-Chairman
US Co-Chairman
Space Research Institute
NASA Headquarters
USSR Academy of Sciences
10
US DELEGAT IUN- US/USSR JWG - 4/26/88 VERSION
US/ USSR JOINT WORKING GROUP
ASTROPHYSICS
NAME
INSTITUTION FUNCTION
EXPERTIZE
MISSION
DELEGATION
SPECIALTY
KELLER, S.
NASA HQ, E
DEP ASSOC ADM, OSSA
PELLERIN, C. J. Jr.
NASA HQ, EZ
DIRECTOR, ASTRO DIV.
DESILVESTRE, I.
NASA HQ, XI
INTNL RELATIONS DIV
PETERSON, L.
NASA HQ, EZ
SCIENCE, ASTRO DIV
GAMMA RAY ASTRO.
HEAO-1
GILLETT, F
NASA HQ, EZ
SCIENCE, IR/SUBMM/RA...
IR ASTRO
BUNNER, A.
NASA HQ, EZ
CHIEF, HIGH ENERGY
X-RAY ASTRO.
WEILER, E.
NASA HQ, EZ
CHIEF UV/OPT
UV ASTRO
RIEGLER, G.
NASA HQ, EZ
CHIEF, DATA SYSTEMS
X-RAY ASTRO
EVANS ,D.
LANL
GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
PIONEER VENUS
JORDAN, F.
JPL
OVLBI
DSN
FORCE, CHARLES
NASA HQ, T
DEP DIR, SPACE OPERATI.
TRACKING AND DATA
DSN
KELLERMAN, K.
NRAO
DEP DIR, NRAO
RADIO ASTRONOMY
VLA, VLBA
FIRSOW, I
STATE DEPT
INTERPRETER
INVITED EXPERTS
HOLT, S.S.
GSFC
CODE 640 CHIEF
X-RAYS
XTE
HAUSER, M.
GSFC
CODE 680 CHIEF
INFRARED
COBE
KALUZIENSKI, L.
NASA HQ, EZ
HEAO-2 PROG. SCIENTIST
X-RAY ASTRONOMY
HEAO
BOWYER, S.
UC BERKELEY
EUVE PI
UV ASTRONOMY
EUVE
BAHCALL, N.
STSI
CHIEF, G.O. PROGRAM
OPT. ASTRONOMY
HST
CLINE, T.
GSFC
GRO BATSE SCIENTIST
GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
GRO, ULYSESS
BERTSCH D.
GSFC
GRO PROJ SCIENTIST
GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY GRO
BEICHMAN, C.
JPL/IPAC
IPAC PROJ SCIENTIST
IR ASTRONOMY
IRAS
MATHER, J.
GSFC
COBE PROJ SCIENTIST
IR, SUBMM ASTRONOMY COBE
DENNIS, B.
GSFC
SMM SCIENTIST
SOLAR & COSMIC GAMM... SMM
STACHNICK, R.
NASA HQ
UV/VIS PROG OFFICE
INTERFEROMETRY
RIEGEL, K
NSF
NSF CENTERS OFFICE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
VLA, VLBA
US Delegation - Page 1
USSR DELEGATION
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS JOINT WORKING GROUP
NAME
INSTITUTION
SCIENTIFIC AREA
MISSION
SUNYAEV, RASHID A.
IKI, MOSCOW
THEO, ASTROPHYSICS
HIGH ENERGY, MIR
KARDASHEV, NICKOLAI
IKI, MOSCOW
RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIOASTRON
KOLDYBAEV, SERGEII G.
IKI, MOSCOW
STRUKOV, IGOR A.
IKI, MOSCOW
MICROWAVE BKGND
RELICT
SHOLOMITSKI, GENNADII B.
IKI, MOSCOW
IR & SUBMM ASTRO.
AELITA
KAKHIDZE, GURAM P.
ABASTUMANSKAIA OBS
X-RAY ASTRONOMY
GRANAT, SPECTRUM-X
KOZYREV, VALENTIIN
INTERCOSMOS
PERMINOV, VLADIMIR G.
GLAVCOSMOS
SPACECRAFT DESIGN
TURCHANINOV, VLADIMIR N.
GLAVCOSMOS
SPACECRAFT DESIGN
ZHURNIYA, LEONID
INTERPRETER
US/USSR JOINT WORKING GROUP
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
April 26 - May 3, 1988
Hyatt Regency
Bethesda, Maryland
AGENDA
PARTICIPANT/
DATE
TIME
ACTIVITY
SPEAKER
Tues.
14:00
Arrival of USSR Delegation
Apr. 26
Dulles Int'l. Airport
18:00
Reception
Delegates
Hyatt Regency
Wed.
09:30
Coffee
Apr. 27
10:00
Welcoming remarks
S. Keller
Goals, logistics
11:30
Astrophysics JWG
C. Pellerin
Introduction & agenda
R. Sunyaev
12:30
Lunch
14:00
US Space Astrophysics
C. Pellerin
Program Overview
15:00
Coffee break
15:30
USSR Space Astrophysics
R. Sunyaev
Program Overview
16:30
Discussion
17:30
Adjourn
Free Evening
Thurs.
09:00
US Visible/UV Astronomy
E. Weiler
Apr. 28
HST, EUVE
09:45
USSR Visible/UV Astronomy
R. Sunyaev
Astron
10:15
Coffee
10:45
Discussion - Item, Comp A
11:30
Astrophysics Data Program
G. Riegler
12:30
Lunch
14:00
GSFC Tour
17:30
Barbecue Dinner and
Square Dance
GSFC Recreation Center
Fri.
09:00
USSR X-ray Program
R. Sunyaev
Apr. 29
Mir/Kvant, Granat, Spectra-X
09:45
U.S. High-Energy Astrophysic
A. Bunner
HEAD, XTE, GRO
10:30
Coffee break
11:00
Discussion Item 8, Comp B
12:30
Lunch
14:00
USSR Gamma-Ray Program
R.A. Sunyaev
Granat, Gamma-1, Phobos
G. Kakhidze
14.45
U.S. Gamma-Ray Burst
A. Bunner
Studies/SMM, GRO
15:30
Coffee break
Continued ...
16:00
Discussion - Item 8 Comp A
- Item 9
17:30
Adjourn
Free Evening
Sat.
09:00
US IR/Submm/Radio Program
F. Gillett
Apr. 30
IRAS, COBE, Airplane
09:45
USSR Submillimeter Program
I. Strukov
Relict-1, Relict-2, Aeleta
G. Sholomiskii
10:30
Coffee break
11:00
Discussion - Item 8, Comp C
12:30
Lunch
14:00
USSR Radio Astronomy
N. Kardashev
14:45
U.S. Ground-Based Radio
K. Kellerman
Astronomy
15:30
Coffee break
16:00
Discussion Item 7
17:00
Adjourn
19:00
Buffet Reception
Naval Observatory
Sun.
09:00
Depart for Washington visit
May 1
18:00
AIAA Reception
20:00
National Theater - "Cats"
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
FIRST MEETING OF THE US/USSR JOINT WORKING GROUP
DOCUMENTS EXCHANGED
US SIDE
1.
Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility; - NASA Astrophysics Division
Brochure, EP 251.
2.
AXAF - Scientific Objectives; - Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory Flyer.
3.
Messengers of Creation: - NASA's Gamma-ray Observatory Mission;
TRW Brochure.
4.
SHEAL II - Broad band X-ray NASA/Telescope/Diffuse X-ray
Spectrometer; GSFC Brochure.
5.
Cosmic Background Explorer: NASA/GSFC Brochure.
6.
Astrophysics of Time Variability in X-ray and Gamma-ray Sources;
Workshop Report, Los Alamos National Laboratory, August 1985.
7.
Astro: A New Observatory for Ultraviolet Astronomy; NASA/MSFC
Brochure.
8.
The Deep Space Network: NASA/JPL Brochure, January, 1988.
USSR SIDE
1.
Extraatmospheric X-ray and Gamma-ray Astronomy; Academy of
Sciences of the USSR, Space Research Institute, Report 1987.
2.
Gamma-1: High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy; Academy of Sciences of
the USSR, Space Research Institute, Report 1987.
3.
Aelita: Cosmological and Astrophysical Studies in the Submillimeter
and Millimeter Ranges; Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Space
Research Institute, Report 1987.
4.
Relict - 2: Satellite based study of Microwave Background Anistropy;
Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Space Research Institute, Report
1987.
DOCUMENTS EXCHANGED CONTINUED
PAGE 2 OF 2
5.
Radioastron: Radiotelescopes Larger than the Earth; Academy of
Sciences of the USSR, Space Research Institute, Report
1987.
6.
Space Ultraviolet Telescope T-170; Space Research Institute,
Report 1988.
NASA
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Washington, D.C.
20546
AUG 1 3 1987
Reply to Attn of: XIB
TO:
Members, IG (Space) Working Group on Space
Science Cooperation with the U.S.S.R.
FROM:
Co-Chairmen
SUBJECT:
Terms of Reference
Attached for your information and use are the Terms of
Reference for the IG (Space) Working Group, approved by NSC
memorandum of July 27.
As reported at the July 10 Working Group meeting, we plan to
convene the next meeting in early September to discuss the
results of the Space Biology and Medicine JWG meeting and begin
preparation for the Solar System Exploration JWG meeting
tentatively planned for November-December.
That 9.A Bane
NOMiL
Richard J.H. Barnes
Michael A.G. Michaud
Attachment
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20506
5564
July 27, 1987
MEMORANDUM FOR MELVYN LEVITSKY
Executive Secretary
Department of State
MR. HENRY E. CLEMENTS
Executive Officer
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
SUBJECT:
US-USSR Joint Working Group on Space
Cooperation
The request from the NASA/State Co-chairmen of the IG (Space)
Working Group on Space Cooperation (Memorandum, July 21, 1987)
is approved, subject to the usual restrictions outlined below.
Please ensure that team members are aware of the stringent
controls concerning technical exchanges and instruct team
members to confine their discussions to the guidance contained
in your May 19, 1987, documentation. Any agreements over and
above established guidelines must be subject to approval by
affected U.S. government agencies.
We note that the interagency deliberations on these Space
Biology and Medicine projects were the first accomplished
under procedures contained in draft terms of reference (TOR)
that have been developed. By general consensus these TOR (as
modified) are now ready to be used for subsequent space
cooperation projects as well. Accordingly, you may distribute
the TOR at Tab A as approved procedures to the members of your
interagency working group.
Grant S. Green, Jr
Executive Secretary
Attachment
780ᵗ
Tab A
Approved TOR
LB. Hd 29 1 DE 705
RECEIVED
24 July 1987
Terms of Reference
for
Interagency Procedures for US Participation in
Space Science Cooperation With the Soviet Union
Introduction
This Terms of Reference establishes interagency
procedures and mechanism for implementation of the Agreement
Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration
and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes, signed in Moscow in
April of 1987.
In requiring (Article 2) that Joint (US/Soviet) Working
Groups be established for implementation of cooperation, the
agreement specifies that "recommendations of the Joint Working
Groups shall be subject to the approval of each Party in
accordance with its appropriate national procedures" and that
"designated cooperating agencies shall notify each other of
the action taken by [each Party] on the recommendations within
three months of their adoption by the Joint Working Groups."
Procedures within the USG for implementing Article 2 of the
agreement are as follows:
A. Review and Approval of Project Proposals
1. All proposals for cooperation with the Soviet Union in
space science must be sponsored by a USG agency and will
be submitted to NASA for processing in accordance with
its designation as the lead implementing agency within
the U.S. government.
2. NASA, with the assistance of the sponsoring agency, will
prepare a full description of those projects it proposes
to submit to Joint Working Groups. Each description will
include sufficient technical and programmatic detail to
permit an informed interagency evaluation and a statement
of the proposed US position on the project for use at the
Joint Working Group meeting. Agencies submitting
proposals should comply with the guidelines approved by
the Interagency Coordinating Committee on US-Soviet
Affairs for all US-Soviet cooperative science and
technology activities. In addition, review of project
descriptions will include evaluations of specific, tailored
considerations. These considerations will be developed by
the interagency working group described below.
3. Descriptions will be simultaneously provided to the
members of an NSC-established IG (Space) Working Group
2
(IWG), including the DCI for review by appropriate
intelligence community elements, in sufficient time for
full review prior to the IWG meeting. The IWG, co-chaired
by NASA and State, with membership from DOD, OSTP, OMB,
the DCI and others as appropriate, will review proposed
project descriptions to ensure that each proposed project
meets national security, foreign policy, and budgetary
requirements. The IWG will report its findings to the NSC
staff at least 15 days before the scheduled start of the
Joint Working Group meeting. If any major issues remain
unresolved, the NSC will chair a SIG (Space) Working Group
(SWG) meeting no later than 10 days before the scheduled
Joint Working Group meeting to resolve the issues
identified by the IWG report.
4. The NSC will approve guidance prepared by the IWG for
the US delegations to the Joint Working Group meetings.
The SWG will exercise continuing oversight by providing
policy guidance and resolving open issues which arise
through the IWG process.
5. Following each Joint Working Group meeting and prior to
providing confirmation to the Soviet Union of the
proceedings of Joint Working Groups, NASA will provide the
agreed minutes and other relevant supporting documentation
to the IWG for approval and/or guidance as to any
conditions which should be placed on NASA's confirmation
of the minutes to its Soviet counterpart. The IWG will
report its conclusions through the NSC staff within 45
days of the end of each Joint Working Group for which
confirmation is being considered. Open issues will be
addressed through a SWG meeting no more than 15 days after
the IWG's report is received by the designated NSC office.
B. US/Soviet Joint Working Group Composition and Functions
1. Joint Working Groups will: be composed of scientists and
scientific administrators of the two sides in the relevant
discipline areas: be co-chaired by the appropriate NASA
management official (with an appropriate, mutually agreed
role for NOAA in the field of earth sciences) and a Soviet
counterpart; be the principal mechanism for detailed
planning and monitoring of the agreed cooperative
projects; make recommendations to sponsoring/participating
government agencies for implementation.
2. NASA will ensure US participation is by the most qualified
specialists from government departments and agencies,
industry and the academic community. Any agency may
3
nominate a member for the US delegation to any Joint
Working Group meeting. Selection of US delegates to Joint
Working Groups will be made by NASA subject to oversight
by the SWG.
3. The Joint Working Groups will seek appropriate ways to
integrate near-term cooperative activities with future
directions which cooperation may take, so as to develop a
scientifically beneficial program of cooperation, and will
provide recommendations to their agency principals as
appropriate.
4. The U.S. delegations to Joint Working Groups will develop
for NASA and sponsoring agency review and approval:
specific project plans; schedules for joint activities;
specific lists of data, publications and all other
materials to be exchanged as part of cooperative
activities; and detailed proposals for required personnel
exchanges.
5. The Joint Working Groups will meet as mutually agreed and
required. The agenda for each meeting will be agreed in
advance. Lists of delegation members to each meeting will
be exchanged in advance. The outcome of each meeting will
be recorded in agreed minutes or other appropriate
documentation, subject to confirmation according to
paragraph 5 above. Between Joint Working Group (JWG)
meetings, NASA will periodically report to IWG members
the substance of all scientific contact between the JWG
parties in implementing agreed projects.
6. The U.S. delegations to Joint Working Groups will report
on the progress of each project. This feedback report
will include statements regarding attainment of
objectives, difficulties with project execution and
evaluation of the benefits.
01/18/89 15:57
202 647 0773
OES/SCT
002
January 10, 1989
ON SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1989, SECRETARY SHULTZ AND FOREIGN
MINISTER SHEVARDNADZE SIGNED A FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON
COOPERATION IN BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. THIS AGREEMENT IS
AIMED AT ENCOURAGING MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL COOPERATION BETWEEN
SCIENTISTS OF THE TWO NATIONS.
THE AGREEMENT IDENTIFIES EIGHT BROAD AREAS OF RESEARCH FOR
COOPERATION IN BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: GEOSCIENCES, BASIC
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES, SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS
OF THE ARCTIC AND THE NORTH, LIFE SCIENCES, SCIENCE POLICY,
CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT WILL TAKE
PLACE UNDER SUBSIDIARY MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING. NEGOTIATIONS
ON THOSE MEMORANDA ARE EXPECTED TO BEGIN SOON. AT THIS TIME,
THERE ARE TWO MEMORANDA UNDER CONSIDERATION, ONE BETWEEN THE
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND THE SOVIET ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,
AND ONE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND THE
SOVIET MINISTRY OF GEOLOGY. THE MEMORANDA WILL FURTHER DETAIL
THE TOPICS FOR COOPERATION. AFTER THE MEMORANDA HAVE BEEN
NEGOTIATED AND SIGNED, COOPERATIVE RESEARCH UNDER THE FRAMEWORK
AGREEMENT MAY BEGIN.
01/18/89 15:57
202 647 0773
OES/SCT
003
THIS AGREEMENT IS UNIQUE IN THAT IT STRESSES PROPOSALS THAT
ARE INITIATED BY THE COOPERATING SCIENTISTS. INDIVIDUAL
SCIENTISTS FROM THE TWO NATIONS WISHING TO COOPERATE UNDER THIS
AGREEMENT ARE JOINTLY TO SUBMIT PROJECT PROPOSALS TO THEIR
GOVERNMENTS. IN THE UNITED STATES, THE NATIONAL SCIENCE
FOUNDATION AND THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WILL BE
FUNDING AND SUBMITTING FOR PEER REVIEW THOSE SCIENTIST-INITIATED
PROPOSALS. ONLY AFTER SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETING PEER REVIEW MAY
EACH PROJECT BE CONSIDERED FOR FUNDING AND IMPLEMENTATION UNDER
THE AGREEMENT.
THIS AGREEMENT COVERS BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DOES
NOT ENCOMPASS APPLIED OR DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH. BOTH SIDES
RECOGNIZE THAT LONG TERM BENEFITS ARE OFTEN DERIVED FROM BASIC
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, AND HOPE THAT COOPERATION UNDER THIS
AGREEMENT WILL ENRICH THE STORE OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO THE
BENEFIT OF THE WORLD.