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3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
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3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
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2005-0336-F
2005-0336-F
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Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
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O'Neil, John F., Files
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Russia Subject Files
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62093
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62093-011
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3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
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O
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
International Trade Administration
ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR TRADE DEVELOPMENT
Washington, D.C. 20230
Mr. John O'Neil
Senior Policy Analyst
Office of Science and
Technology Policy
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D.C. 20506
Dear Mr. O'Neil:
It is my understanding that Boris Saltykov, Russian Minister of
Education, Science and Technology Policy, will be in Washington
on December 14 and 15 for consultations in your office. I would
like to meet with Minister Saltykov to discuss ongoing and future
International Trade Administration activities with Russia.
Specifically, Minister Saltykov has been invited to participate
in a DOC-sponsored seminar in February in San Diego, "Health
Industry Business Roundtable on Russia."
I understand that Minister Saltykov already has a very busy
schedule while he is in Washington. However, Minister Saltykov's
involvement with DOC is important to the continued growth of
business relations between the United States and Russia.
Therefore, I would appreciate your efforts to find a mutually
agreeable time in which Minister Saltykov could meet me and some
of my staff for a brief discussion of trade issues. If you
agree, please call my secretary, Donna Williams (482-1461), to
arrange this meeting.
Thank you for your assistance.
Sincerely,
JJa James D. Jameson
sn. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
TRADE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
December 9, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR D. ALLAN BROMLEY
THROUGH:
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
FROM:
JOHN F. O'NEIL JO
pn
SUBJECT:
DECEMBER MEETINGS WITH MINISTER SALTYKOV
Next week you and Minister Saltykov will meet for two sets of talks:
December 15 - Basic Sciences Joint Commission Meeting (JCM), and
December 16 - Talks on expanding cooperation in S&T.
The agendas for both meetings are attached. I have adjusted the agenda for December
16, 1992, to end somewhat earlier than originally planned to facilitate travel to Detroit
by the Russian delegation.
The Russian side has made significant changes to its delegation. A list of the names
provided to us is attached. The three deputy Ministers, Yakobashvili, Fonotov, and
Kokoshin, and the President of the Russian Academy, Yuri Osipov, have been replaced.
Nikolai Laverov is now expected, and Yuri Ossipyan is listed as possible but doubtful.
It is likely that no one will represent the Ministry of Defense.
U.S. Delegation. You have sent letters of invitation. For the Basic Sciences meeting on
December 15, 1992, it looks like: Walter Massey, Dallas Peck, Samuel Kramer for John
Lyons (NIST), Phil Schambra, and John Boright for Frank Wisner for the Basic
Sciences Delegation.
For the December 16 talks, you will be joined by: Frank Wisner, Walter Massey, John
Sayre, Robert White (DoC), Bernadine Healy, Lennard Fisk for Daniel Goldin, and Wil
Happer at Energy.
Venue. The talks will be held at State, in Room 1105 where we met 2 years ago. The
Middle East peace talks are expected to be in session close by at the same time.
Dinner. Arrangements have been made for dinner on December 15, 1992, at the
Smithsonian Museum of American History. We will be in the Presidential Suite, with
cocktails in the Main Foyer. Dinner will be preceded by a viewing of the I MAX film on
the Antarctica in the Air and Space Museum at 6:00 P.M. Dinner will start at
approximately 7:00 P.M.
Delegation Meeting. A joint delegation meeting is scheduled for Friday, December 11,
1992, at 10:30 A.M. in Room 472. An agenda is attached.
Official Gifts. I recommend you consider giving President Bush cuff links or tin claps
to the Russians, except for Saltykov and Laverov. Considering the number of times you
have met with these two individuals, and Saltykov's position, you may want to consider a
White House Pewter bowl for Laverov, and a U.S. glass paperweight and a White House
ornament to Saltykov.
Schedule.
Sunday - December 13 - Russian Delegation arrives during the afternoon
Monday - December 14 - Russian Delegation makes calls in Washington
Tuesday - December 15 - Russian Delegation begins with a tour of the White
House before the JCM - The JCM agenda is attached - A lunch is included
Evening will include I MAX film at the Air and Space Museum at 6:00 P.M. and
U.S. hosted dinner at the Museum of American History at 7:00 P.M.
Wednesday - December 16 - Talks on expanding S&T cooperation, may include
lunch. The agenda is attached.
At 4:00 P.M. the Russian Delegation leaves State for National Airport to meet
Ford Motor Co. Aircraft for a 4:30 P.M. departure for Detroit,
Thursday - December 17 - Program at Ford - Travel to Motorola in Chicago
Friday - December 18 - Program at Motorola - Return to Washington in the
evening
Saturday - December 19 - Depart U.S. for return to Moscow
Attachments
cc: Jeff
Erin
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
SERGEI KISLYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPT. MINSCI
NIKOLAI LAVEROV
VICE PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
YURI OSSIPYAN
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
NYCHKOV
DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ORLOV
RUSSIAN COMMITTEE ON GEOLOGY
VLADIMIR KEYLIS-BOROK
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OSTROUMOV
DEPUTY GENERAL DIRECTOR, RUSSIAN SPACE AGENCY
MOSKVICHEV
DEPUTY MINISTER OF HEALTH
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE - UNKNOWN
United States-Russia Basic Sciences Agreement
Joint Commission Meeting
December 15, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
9:15
Arrival
9:30
Coffee
10:00
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
10:30
Overview Presentation by Dr. Bromley on U.S. S&T Developments -
Possible Topics Include:
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
U.S. R&D Priorities
11:00
Overview Presentation by Minister Saltykov on Developments in Russian
S&T Policy - Possible Topics Include:
New Organization Structures
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
R&D Priorities
11:30
Coffee Break
JOINT ACTIVITIES: MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) AND
OPERATIONAL ISSUES IN THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
12:00
MOU in Basic Scientific Research (NSF-Russian Academy of Sciences)
12:10
MOU in Geosciences
12:20
MOU in Physical Sciences, Chemistry and Engineering Sciences
12:30
MOU in Mapping Sciences
12:40
MOU in Biomedical Research (possible)
12:55
LUNCH
3:00
Chairman's Summary/New Areas of Cooperation/Plans for Next Meeting
3:45
Adjourn
***** REVISED DECEMBER 9, 1992 4:00 PM *******
Yeltsin-Bush Summit Follow-On
Avenues for Expanded United States-Russia S&T Cooperation
December 16, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
9:00
Coffee
9:30
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
MORNING DISCUSSION
Theme: New S&T Challenges
9:45
Cooperation with Russia: Status, Goal and Objectives
Overview by Dr. Bromley
Cooperation in Science and Technology
Innovative Approaches: Government and Private Sector Initiatives
10:15
Cooperation with the United States: Status, Goals and Objectives
Overview by Vice Premier Saltykov
To be determined by Russia
10:45
Discussion
Theme: Avenues for Enhanced Cooperation
11:15
New Arrangements - S&T
12:30
LUNCH
2:00
Measures to Address Factors Affecting Cooperation
3:15
Chairmen's Summary/Next Steps
3:45
Adjourn
NOTE:
RUSSIAN DELEGATION PROCEEDS TO NATIONAL AIRPORT TO
MEET FORD CORPORATE JET AT BUTLER AVIATION FOR FLIGHT
TO DETROIT
DELEGATION MEETING
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1992
ROOM 472, OEOB
10:30 - 10:40
POLITICAL SITUATION
10:40 - 10:50
ECONOMIC SITUATION
10:50 - 11:00
MILITARY R&D
11:00 - 11:15
BASIC SCIENCE
11:15 - 11:30
U.S. POLICY FOR RUSSIA
11:30 - 11:50
DISCUSSION, GUIDANCE, COORDINATION
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
December 9, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR D. ALLAN BROMLEY
THROUGH:
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
FROM:
JOHN F. O'NEIL JO
SUBJECT:
DECEMBER MEETINGS WITH MINISTER SALTYKOV
Next week you and Minister Saltykov will meet for two sets of talks:
December 15 - Basic Sciences Joint Commission Meeting (JCM), and
December 16 - Talks on expanding cooperation in S&T.
The agendas for both meetings are attached. I have adjusted the agenda for December
16, 1992, to end somewhat earlier than originally planned to facilitate travel to Detroit
by the Russian delegation.
The Russian side has made significant changes to its delegation. A list of the names
provided to us is attached. The three deputy Ministers, Yakobashvili, Fonotov, and
Kokoshin, and the President of the Russian Academy, Yuri Osipov, have been replaced.
Nikolai Laverov is now expected, and Yuri Ossipyan is listed as possible but doubtful.
It is likely that no one will represent the Ministry of Defense.
U.S. Delegation. You have sent letters of invitation. For the Basic Sciences meeting on
December 15, 1992, it looks like: Walter Massey, Dallas Peck, Samuel Kramer for John
Lyons (NIST), Phil Schambra, and John Boright for Frank Wisner for the Basic
Sciences Delegation.
For the December 16 talks, you will be joined by: Frank Wisner, Walter Massey, John
Sayre, Robert White (DoC), Bernadine Healy, Lennard Fisk for Daniel Goldin, and Wil
Happer at Energy.
Venue. The talks will be held at State, in Room 1105 where we met 2 years ago. The
Middle East peace talks are expected to be in session close by at the same time.
Dinner. Arrangements have been made for dinner on December 15, 1992, at the
Smithsonian Museum of American History. We will be in the Presidential Suite, with
cocktails in the Main Foyer. Dinner will be preceded by a viewing of the I MAX film on
the Antarctica in the Air and Space Museum at 6:00 P.M. Dinner will start at
approximately 7:00 P.M.
Delegation Meeting. A joint delegation meeting is scheduled for Friday, December 11,
1992, at 10:30 A.M. in Room 472. An agenda is attached.
Official Gifts. I recommend you consider giving President Bush cuff links or tin claps
to the Russians, except for Saltykov and Laverov. Considering the number of times you
have met with these two individuals, and Saltykov's position, you may want to consider a
White House Pewter bowl for Laverov, and a U.S. glass paperweight and a White House
ornament to Saltykov.
Schedule.
Sunday - December 13 - Russian Delegation arrives during the afternoon
Monday - December 14 - Russian Delegation makes calls in Washington
Tuesday - December 15 - Russian Delegation begins with a tour of the White
House before the JCM - The JCM agenda is attached - A lunch is included
Evening will include I MAX film at the Air and Space Museum at 6:00 P.M. and
U.S. hosted dinner at the Museum of American History at 7:00 P.M.
Wednesday - December 16 - Talks on expanding S&T cooperation, may include
lunch. The agenda is attached.
At 4:00 P.M. the Russian Delegation leaves State for National Airport to meet
Ford Motor Co. Aircraft for a 4:30 P.M. departure for Detroit,
Thursday - December 17 - Program at Ford - Travel to Motorola in Chicago
Friday - December 18 - Program at Motorola - Return to Washington in the
evening
Saturday - December 19 - Depart U.S. for return to Moscow
Attachments
cc: Jeff
Erin
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
SERGEI KISLYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPT. MINSCI
NIKOLAI LAVEROV
VICE PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
YURI OSSIPYAN
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
NYCHKOV
DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ORLOV
RUSSIAN COMMITTEE ON GEOLOGY
VLADIMIR KEYLIS-BOROK
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OSTROUMOV
DEPUTY GENERAL DIRECTOR, RUSSIAN SPACE AGENCY
MOSKVICHEV
DEPUTY MINISTER OF HEALTH
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE - UNKNOWN
United States-Russia Basic Sciences Agreement
Joint Commission Meeting
December 15, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
9:15
Arrival
9:30
Coffee
10:00
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
10:30
Overview Presentation by Dr. Bromley on U.S. S&T Developments -
Possible Topics Include:
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
U.S. R&D Priorities
11:00
Overview Presentation by Minister Saltykov on Developments in Russian
S&T Policy - Possible Topics Include:
New Organization Structures
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
R&D Priorities
11:30
Coffee Break
JOINT ACTIVITIES: MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) AND
OPERATIONAL ISSUES IN THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
12:00
MOU in Basic Scientific Research (NSF-Russian Academy of Sciences)
12:10
MOU in Geosciences
12:20
MOU in Physical Sciences, Chemistry and Engineering Sciences
12:30
MOU in Mapping Sciences
12:40
MOU in Biomedical Research (possible)
12:55
LUNCH
3:00
Chairman's Summary/New Areas of Cooperation/Plans for Next Meeting
3:45
Adjourn
***** REVISED DECEMBER 9, 1992 4:00 PM *******
Yeltsin-Bush Summit Follow-On
Avenues for Expanded United States-Russia S&T Cooperation
December 16, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
9:00
Coffee
9:30
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
MORNING DISCUSSION
Theme: New S&T Challenges
9:45
Cooperation with Russia: Status, Goal and Objectives
Overview by Dr. Bromley
Cooperation in Science and Technology
Innovative Approaches: Government and Private Sector Initiatives
10:15
Cooperation with the United States: Status, Goals and Objectives
Overview by Vice Premier Saltykov
To be determined by Russia
10:45
Discussion
Theme: Avenues for Enhanced Cooperation
11:15
New Arrangements - S&T
12:30
LUNCH
2:00
Measures to Address Factors Affecting Cooperation
3:15
Chairmen's Summary/Next Steps
3:45
Adjourn
NOTE:
RUSSIAN DELEGATION PROCEEDS TO NATIONAL AIRPORT TO
MEET FORD CORPORATE JET AT BUTLER AVIATION FOR FLIGHT
TO DETROIT
DELEGATION MEETING
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1992
ROOM 472, OEOB
10:30 - 10:40
POLITICAL SITUATION
10:40 10:50
ECONOMIC SITUATION
10:50 11:00
MILITARY R&D
11:00 - 11:15
BASIC SCIENCE
11:15 - 11:30
U.S. POLICY FOR RUSSIA
11:30 11:50
DISCUSSION, GUIDANCE, COORDINATION
JFO your
Copy
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
December 1, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR D. ALLAN BROMLEY
THROUGH:
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
FROM:
JOHN F. O'NEIL JE
SUBJECT:
DECEMBER MEETINGS WITH MINISTER SALTYKOV
Two meetings are scheduled this month with Boris Saltykov:
December 15 . Basic Sciences Joint Commission Meeting (JCM), and
December 16 - Talks on expanding cooperation in S&T.
The Russian side has tentatively identified a nine-member delegation. The names are
attached.
The agendas for both meetings are also attached.
U.S. Delegation. You have sent letters of invitation to Frank Wisner, Walter Massey,
Dallas Peck, Paul Wolfowitz (DoD), John Lyons (NIST), and Phil Schambra for the
Basic Sciences delegation. For the December 16 talks, you have invited Frank Wisner,
Walter Massey, John Sayre, Paul Wolfowitz, Robert White (DoC), Bernadine Healy,
Daniel Goldin, and Wil Happer at Energy.
Venue. The Loy Henderson Conference Room at State has been reserved. The Middle
East peace talks are expected to be in session at the same time, limiting the possibilities.
Dinner. Arrangements have been made for dinner on December 15, 1992, at the
Smithsonian Museum of American History. We will be in the Presidential Suite, with
cocktails in the main foyer. Dinner will be preceded by a viewing of the I MAX film on
the Kuwaiti oil fires in the Air and Space Museum.
2
Delegation Meetings. I recommend both delegations meet jointly the week preceding the
meetings, on Thursday or Friday. With your approval, I will coordinate with Ralph
and schedule.
Official Gifts. I propose to locate appropriate gifts and, if possible, have the travel
contractor procure them.
Funding. Contributions are as follows: USGS - $10,000, NIH - $3,500, State will pick
up interpreter expenses and may kick in funds, DoD may contribute $1,000, and NSF
will cover costs above the contributions.
Schedule.
Sunday - December 13 - Russian delegation arrives during the afternoon,
Monday - December 14 - Russian delegation makes calls in Washington,
Tuesday - December 15 - Russian delegation begins with an early tour of the
White House before the start of the JCM. The JCM agenda is attached. A lunch
is included.
Evening will include I MAX film at Air and Space Museum and U.S. hosted
dinner at Museum of American History,
Wednesday - December 16 - Talks on expanding S&T cooperation, may include
lunch. The agenda is attached.
Late afternoon/early evening - Russian delegation leaves for Ford Motor
Company in Detroit,
Thursday - December 17 - Program at Ford - travel to Motorola in Chicago,
Friday - December 18 - Program at Motorola,
Saturday - December 19 - Depart U.S. for return to Moscow.
cc: Jeff
Erin
Attachments
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI KOKOSHIN
DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENSE
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
YURI OSIPOV
PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SERGEI KISLYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
FONOTOV
FIRST DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ZURAB YAKOBASHVILI
DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI BYKOV
CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, MINSCI
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, MINSCI
United States-Russia Basic Sciences Agreement
Joint Commission Meeting
December 15, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
9:15
Arrival
9:30
Coffee
10:00
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
10:30
Overview Presentation by Dr. Bromley on U.S. S&T Developments -
Possible Topics Include:
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
U.S. R&D Priorities
11:00
Overview Presentation by Minister Saltykov on Developments in Russian
S&T Policy - Possible Topics Include:
New Organization Structures
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
R&D Priorities
11:30
Coffee Break
JOINT ACTIVITIES: MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) AND
OPERATIONAL ISSUES IN THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
12:00
MOU in Basic Scientific Research (NSF-Russian Academy of Sciences)
12:10
MOU in Geosciences
12:20
MOU in Physical Sciences, Chemistry and Engineering Sciences
12:30
MOU in Mapping Sciences
12:40
MOU in Biomedical Research (possible)
12:55
LUNCH
3:00
Chairman's Summary/New Areas of Cooperation/Plans for Next Meeting
3:45
Adjourn
Yeltsin-Bush Summit Follow-On
Avenues for Expanded United States-Russia S&T Cooperation
December 16, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
9:00
Coffee
9:30
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
MORNING DISCUSSION
Theme: New S&T Challenges
9:45
Cooperation with Russia: Status, Goal and Objectives
Overview by Dr. Bromley
Cooperation in Science and Technology
Innovative Approaches: Government and Private Sector Initiatives
10:15
Cooperation with the United States: Status, Goals and Objectives
Overview by Vice Premier Saltykov
To be determined by Russia
10:45
Discussion
Theme: Avenues for Enhanced Cooperation
11:15
New Arrangements - S&T
12:45
LUNCH
2:15
Measures to Address Factors Affecting Cooperation
4:00
Chairmen's Summary/Next Steps
4:30
Adjourn
UNCLASSIFIED
TOR: 202311Z NOV 92
STATE 378269
BODY
TAGS: TSPL OVIP PGOV RS
SUBJECT: US ACCEPTS NEW DATES OF DECEMBER 15-16 FOR US-RUSSIA
BASIC SCIENCES JOINT COMMISSION MEETING AND SUMMIT FOLLOW-ON
DISCUSSIONS
REF: (A) 92 MOSCOW 34458, (B) 92 PARIS 31760
1. THIS IS AN ACTION CABLE -- SEE PARA 2.
2.
EMBASSY IS REQUESTED TO DISCUSS WITH MINSCI OFFICIALS
U.S PLANS FOR THE DECEMBER 15TH SESSION OF THE BASIC
SCIENCES AGREEMENT JOINT COMMISSION MEETING (BSA JCM AND
THE DECEMBER 16TH SUMMIT FOLLOW-ON DISCUSSIONS ON EXPANDED
S&T COOPERATION.
3. DATES: U.S. ACCEPTS
PROPOSAL TO
RESCHEDULE THE MEETINGS
E-16. DEPARTMENT
AGREES WITH EMBASSY RECO
EFTEL A THAT SALTYKOV
SHOULD HAVE SEPARATE MEE
HINGTON WITH
Bush Preservation Photocopy
INDIVIDUALS SUCH AS AMBA:
AGE AND OTHERS It
SSIFIED
-
01/2'd
3 ET:01 26. 22 AON
UNCLASSIFIED
DISCUSS THE FREEDOM SUPPORT ACT PROGRAMS AND SPECIFICALLY
THE PROPOSED SCIENCE FOUNDATION. AT THIS TIME, HOWEVER,
AMBASSADOR ARMITAGE IS SCHEDULED TO BE IN EUROPE THE WEEK
OF DECEMBER 14, BUT A MEETING WITH HIS DEPUTY, FRED HOF,
MAY BE POSSIBLE. SOME MEETINGS ON CAPITOL HILL ALSO MAY
BE DESIRABLE BUT SCHEDULING THESE MAY PROVE DIFFICULT, WE
ARE TOLD, BECAUSE MOST MEMBERS WILL HAVE LEFT TOWN BY THEN
FOR THE HOLIDAYS. EMBASSY IS REQUESTED TO CONFIRM THE
DATES OF MINISTER SALTYKOV'S STAY IN WASHINGTON (WILL HE
REMAIN HERE DECEMBER 17-19?) AND HIS REQUESTED
APPOINTMENTS. EMBASSY ALSO IS REQUESTED TO CONTINUE
EFFORTS TO CONFIRM THAT MINISTER SALTYKOV DOES NOT PLAN TO
ATTEND THE DECEMBER 14-16 OECD MEETING IN PARIS (REFTEL
B).
4. DELEGATION: IN THE PROCEDURES FOR THE BSA JCM ADOPTED
AT THE FIRST SESSION IN 1990, WE AGREED THAT EACH SIDE OF
THE JOINT COMMISSION SHALL CONSIST OF NO MORE THAN 15
MEMBERS. WE ARE PREPARED TO HOST A RUSSIAN DELEGATION OF
THAT SIZE. HOWEVER, WE EXPECT THAT THE U.S. DELEGATION
THIS YEAR MAY BE SOMEWHAT SMALLER THAN IN PREVIOUS YEARS.
IN FACT, THE EMBASSY'S INITIAL REPLY TO THE RUSSIANS OF
8-12 IS A MORE PROBABLE NUMBER. AT THIS TIME, WE
ANTICIPATE THAT THE DELEGATION WILL CONSIST OF DR. BROMLEY
AND DR. RATCHFORD, USGS DIRECTOR PECK, NSF DIRECTOR
MASSEY, NIH/FIC DIRECTOR SCHAMBRA, DOD DDR AND E REIS,
NIST ACTING DIRECTOR KRAMER, AND A REPRESENTATIVE
(PROBABLY AT THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OR UNDER SECRETARY
LEVEL) FROM STATE. ASIDE FROM OSTP AND STATE, THE
AGENCIES REPRESENTED ARE THOSE THAT PARTICIPATE OR ARE
CONSIDERING PARTICIPATING IN AN MOU UNDER THE AGREEMENT.
WHILE THE COMPOSITION OF THE RUSSIAN DELEGATION OF COURSE
IS FOR THE RUSSIAN SIDE TO DETERMINE, WE WOULD HOPE THAT
IT INCLUDES REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE CURRENT RUSSIAN MOU
COUNTERPART AGENCIES, INCLUDING THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,
THE RUSSIAN COMMITTEE ON GEOLOGY AND THE STATE GEODESY
COMMITTEE.
5. THE U.S. DELEGATION FOR THE SUMMIT FOLLOW ON
DISCUSSION HAS NOT YET BEEN NAMED, ALTHOUGH WE EXPECT IT
TO INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES FROM OSTP, STATE AND MANY OF
THE SAME TECHNICAL AGENCIES (OR THEIR PARENT
ORGANIZATIONS) REPRESENTATED IN THE BASIC SCIENCES JCM.
FOR EMBASSY INFORMATION: THE DELEGATION LIKELY WILL
INCLUDE A HIGH-LEVEL REPRESENTATIVE FROM NIH, DOI, DOC,
AND SOME OF THE FOLLOWING AGENCIES: DOE, USDA, NASA, AND
EPA. WE WILL CABLE INFORMATION ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE
DELEGATION FOR THE SUMMIT FOLLOW-ON DISCUSSIONS AS SOON AS
IT BECOMES AVAILABLE.
6. FUNDING: AS AGREED IN THE BSA JCM PROCEDURES, THE US
Bush, Library Preservation Photocopy
IS PREPARED TO FUND THE INCOUNTRY EXPENSES OF THE RUSSIAN
DELEGATION (NOT TO EXCEED 15 MEMBERS) FOR THE TWO DAYS OF
MEETINGS, PLUS A DAY ON BOTH SIDES (THEREFORE, A TOTAL OF
UNCLASSIFIED
7
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3 10:14 26. 22 AON
UNCLASSIFIED
FOUR DAYS). THE INCOUNTRY EXPENSES INCLUDE HOTEL AND PER
DIEM, LOCAL TRANSPORTATION (E.G., LIMO, VAN); AND
INTERPRETING COSTS. FOR EMBASSY INFORMATION: OES/SCT HAS
BEEN ASKED INFORMALLY BY MINSCI STAFF IF U.S. SIDE CAN PAY
FOR INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION TO THE U.S. WE EXPLAINED
THAT IT WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE FOR US TO COVER THAT COST.
IN THE EVENT THE ISSUE IS RAISED AGAIN, THE U.S. POSITION
REMAINS THE SAME. EMBASSY ALSO SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THE
U.S. SIDE HOPES TO HOST A DINNER ON THE EVENING OF THE
FIRST DAY, DECEMBER 15. WE WILL RELAY ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION AS PLANS DEVELOP.
7. WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED THAT TWO PRIVATE SECTOR
COMPANIES, FORD AND MOTOROLA, HAVE OFFERED TO HOST ALL OR
PART OF THE RUSSIAN DELEGATION FOR SITE VISITS FOLLOWING
OR PRECEDING THE MEETINGS IN WASHINGTON. ALL EXPENSES
WILL BE PICKED UP BY THE HOST COMPANY. IT IS POSSIBLE
THAT OTHER COMPANIES WILL MAKE SIMILAR OFFERS. AT THIS
TIME, WE HAVE INFORMATION THAT FORD OFFERS TO BRING ALL OF
PART OF THE RUSSIAN DELEGATION TO DETROIT. THEY ARE
DEVELOPING A MENU OF SITE VISITS AND PRESENTATIONS THAT
WOULD BE AVAILABLE TO THE RUSSIAN VISITORS. WE EXPECT
THAT THE RUSSIANS WILL HAVE TO SELECT FROM THIS MENU AS
MORE WILL BE OFFERED THAN THERE WILL BE TIME. WE WILL
ADVISE EMBASSY AS SOON AS WE HAVE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
FROM FORD, MOTOROLA, AND POSSIBLY OTHERS. WE BELIEVE IT
BEST FOR THE COMPANIES IF THESE PROPOSED TRIPS ARE
CONDUCTED SIMULTANEOUSLY TO AVOID THE LAST WEEKEND BEFORE
THE HOLIDAYS. THEREFORE, ONCE WE HAVE MORE DETAILED
INFORMATION FROM COMPANIES, WE WILL ASK THE RUSSIAN
DELEGATES TO INDICATE THEIR PREFERENCE. DECEMBER 7TH IS
THE TARGET DATE FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION ON DELEGATION
SELECTIONS TO THE COMPANIES.
8. AGENDA: THE U.S. APPRECIATES THE INFORMATION PROVIDED
BY THE RUSSIANS REGARDING THEIR VIEWS ON ISSUES TO BE
DISCUSSED DURING THE SECOND DAY OF MEETINGS. WE ARE
REVIEWING THOSE COMMENTS AND WILL PROVIDE A DETAILED
RESPONSE SEPTEL.
9. MEANWHILE, ONE OF THE AGENDA ITEMS FOR THE BSA JCM IS
REPORTS ON THE JOINT ACTIVITIES UNDER THE MOUS. WE AGREED
AT THE OCTOBER 7TH PREPARATORY MEETINGS TO ASK
PARTICIPATING AGENCIES TO PREPARE A WRITTEN REPORT THAT
COULD BE DISTRIBUTED AT THE MEETING. WE ALSO AGREED TO
SCHEDULE BRIEF ( 10 MINUTE) ORAL REPORTS FOR EACH MOU.
THESE REPORTS SHOULD HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES AND
OPERATIONAL ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOU. WE
AGREED TO FOLLOW THE PATTERN SET IN THE 1991 MEETING,
I.E., FOR EACH MOU ONE SIDE GIVES AN ORAL PRESENTATION
(WITH A FEW MINUTES PROVIDED FOR REMARKS BY THE MOU
COUNTERPART AGENCY IF DESIRED).
Bush, Library Preservation Photocopy
10. THE U.S. AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN MOUS UNDER THE BSA
UNCLASSIFIED
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UNCLASSIFIED
ARE IN THE PROCESS OF CONTACTING THEIR COUNTERPARTS TO
COORDINATE PREPARATIONS FOR THE REPORTS. WE SUGGEST THAT
THE SIDE GIVING THE PRESENTATION AT THIS YEAR'S JCM BE THE
REVERSE OF LAST YEAR'S PRESENTERS. THUS, WE ARE PROPOSING
THAT THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES GIVE THE REPORT ON ITS MOU
WITH THE NSF; USGS, ON ITS MAPPING MOU WITH THE STATE
GEODESY COMMITTEE; AND NIST, ON ITS MOU WITH THE ACADEMY.
USGS IS PROPOSING THAT THE THE RUSSIAN COMMITTEE ON
GEOLOGY GIVE A REPORT ON THE GEOSCIENCES MOU; AND NIH
PROPOSES THAT THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PROVIDE A STATUS
REPORT ON ITS REVIEW OF THE U.S. PROPOSED DRAFT TEXT OF AN
MOU IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. FOR EMBASSY INFORMATION,
WHILE THE NIH-ACADEMY MOU MAY NOT BE READY FOR SIGNATURE
AT THE DECEMBER MEETING (NIH HAS RECEIVED NO RESPONSE FROM
THE ACADEMY WHO, WE UNDERSTAND, HAS BEEN REVIEWING THE
TEXT SINCE JULY OF THIS YEAR), WE ARE INTERESTED IN A
READOUT FROM THE ACADEMY AS TO THE STATUS OF ITS REVIEW.
KANTER
ADMIN
END OF MESSAGE
UNCLASSIFIED
Bush Preservation Pholocopy
UNCLASSIFIED
9
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CURRENT AS OF 4:00 PM DECEMBER 9, 1992
December 11, 1992
U.S. DELEGATION MEETING
MEMBERS
JCM
TALKS
DIN DEL- MTG
D. ALLAN BROMELY
YES
YES
YES YES
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
YES
YES
YES YES
FRANK WISNER
?
YES
WALTER MASSEY
PHIL SCHAMBRA
YES
YES YES
BERNADINE HEALY
YES?
DALLAS PECK
YES
-
NO
JOHN SAYRE
-
YES
YES NO
SAMUEL KRAMER
(JOHN LYONS)
ROBERT WHITE
YES
LENNARD FISK
YES
WIL HAPPER
-
YES
YES? NO?
CATHY CAMPBELL
YES
YES
YES YES
PAUL WOLFOWITZ
DINNER INVITATION LIST FOR DECEMBER 15, 1992
RUSSIANS
BORIS SALTYKOV
EVGENIY ROGOVSKIY
SERGEI KISLYAK
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
FNU NYCHKOV
NIKOLAU LAVEROV
FNU ORLOV
VLADIMIR KEYLIS-BOROK
YURI OSSIPYAN
FNU OSTROUMOV
FNU MOSKVICHEV
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE -TBD
ANATOLIY SHURIGAN - RUSSIAN EMBASSY
LEV MUKHIN - RUSSIAN EMBASSY
AMERICANS
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
FRANK WISNER
WALTER MASSEY
DALLAS PECK
NIST
PAUL WOLFOWITZ - - DOD
PHIL SCHAMBRA
JOHN SAYRE
ROBERT WHITE
BERNADINE HEALY
LEN FISK - NASA
WIL HAPPER
CATHLEEN CAMPBELL
JOHN O'NEIL
EUR-DOS?
DELEGATION MEETING
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1992
ROOM 472, OEOB
10:30 - 10:40
POLITICAL SITUATION
10:40 - 10:50
ECONOMIC SITUATION
10:50 - 11:00
MILITARY R&D
11:00 - 11:15
BASIC SCIENCE
11:15 - 11:30
U.S. POLICY FOR RUSSIA
11:30 - 11:50
DISCUSSION, GUIDANCE, COORDINATION
1
INTRODUCTION - CURRENT STATUS
At present, the governments of the United States and Russia cooperate in science and
technology on a bilateral basis under the following agreements:
Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Basic Scientific Research
-
USGS-Ministry of Geology Memorandum of Understanding on
Cooperation in Geoscience
-
NSF-Academy of Sciences Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation
in the Field of Basic Scientific Research
-
USGS-Committee of Geodesy and Cartography Memorandum of
Understanding on Cooperation in the Mapping Sciences
-
NIST-Academy of Sciences Memorandum of Understanding on
Cooperation in the Physical, Chemical and Engineering Sciences
Agreement on S&T Cooperation in the Field of Fuels and Energy
Agreement on Cooperation in Artificial Heart Research and Development
Agreement on Cooperation in Ocean Studies
Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space
for Peaceful Purposes
1
Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection
Agreement on Cooperation in Transportation Science and Technology
Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Field of Peaceful Uses
of Atomic Energy
1
Discussion of space issues will be handled through the National Space Council
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Report
Factors Affecting Cooperation (6 pp.)
(b)(1)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
O'Neil, John F., Files
Subseries:
Russia Subject Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
Date Closed:
5/26/2010
OA/ID Number:
62093-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
SERGEI KISLYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPT. MINSCI
NIKOLAI LAVEROV
VICE PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
YURI OSSIPYAN
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
V. NICHKOV
DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
VICTOR ORLOV
RUSSIAN COMMITTEE ON GEOLOGY
VLADIMIR KEYLIS-BOROK
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OSTROUMOV
DEPUTY GENERAL DIRECTOR, RUSSIAN SPACE AGENCY
MOSKVICHEV
DEPUTY MINISTER OF HEALTH
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE - UNKNOWN
DECEMBER 15, 1992
OPENING REMARKS
BASIC SCIENCES JOINT COMMISSION MEETING
MINISTER SALTYKOV, DR. LAVEROV, MEMBERS OF THE RUSSIAN
DELEGATION - ON BEHALF OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
I WELCOME YOU TO WASHINGTON FOR OUR TWO DAYS OF TALKS ON OUR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RELATIONSHIP.
IT IS INDEED AN HONOR TO WELCOME YOU, MINISTER SALTYKOV, AS THE
RUSSIAN CO-CHAIRMAN OF THIS OUR 3rd JOINT COMMISSION MEETING OF
OUR AGREEMENT ON COOPERATION ION THE FILED OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH.
I SHOULD ALSO LIKE TO SAY WHAT A PLEASURE IT IS TO HAVE OUR ONLY
CO-CHAINMAN EMERITUS, NIOKOLAI LAVEROV, CONTINUE HIS AFFILIATION
WITH THE JOINT COMMISSION.
WE REALIZE THAT THESE ARE TIMES OF MOMENTOUS POLITICAL
DEVELOPMENTS IN YOUR COUNTRY AND WE ARE PLEASED THAT YOU ARE
ABLE TO BE HERE FOR THESE 2 DAYS OF IMPORTANT TALKS.
WE HOPE TO BUILD ON THE PROGRESS OF THE FIRST 2 JOINT COMMISSION
MEETINGS OF ADVANCING JOINT COOPERATIVE BASIC RESEARCH, AND
MORE BROADLY ADVANCING THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RELATIONSHIP OF OUR 2 COUNTRIES DURING TIMES OF UNPRECEDENTED
CHANGE, NOT ONLY IN OUR OWN COUNTRIES, BUT THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD.
TO THAT END THE AMERICAN SIDE HAS BEEN HARD AT WORK TO MAKE
OUR 2 DAYS OF TALKS PRODUCTIVE AND ENJOYABLE HERE IN
WASHINGTON.
I AM PLEASED THAT YOU WILL AVAIL YOURSELVES OF SOME OF THE
GRACIOUS OFFERS FROM U.S. INDUSTRY TO VISIT THE FORD MOTOR
COMPANY AND MOTOROLA CORPORATION FOLLOWING OUR MEETINGS AND
DISCUSS WITH THEM THEIR POLICIES FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,
TRAINING AND EDUCATION, AND OBSERVE PART OF THEIR PRODUCTION
PROCESS.
THIS I BELIEVE IS A HARBINGER OF THE WAY OUR FUTURE S&T
RELATIONSHIP WILL DEVELOP, THAT IS, WITH INCREASED INTERACTION
BETWEEN THE PRIVATE SECTORS IN BOTH COUNTRIES.
AS I LOOK ACROSS THE TABLE I SEE SEVERAL FAMILIAR FACES, OLD
FRIENDS REALLY, BUT I ALSO SEE SOME NEW FACES.
MR. MINISTER LET ME AT THIS TIME SUGGEST THAT WE INTRODUCE OUR
DELEGATIONS - AS HOST I WOULD BE PLEASED TO INTRODUCE THE
AMERICAN DELEGATION FIRST.
MINISTER SALTYKOV, WOULD YOU CARE TO MAKE A FEW REMARKS AT THIS
TIME?
**** MINISTER SALTYKOV'S REMARKS AND INTRODUCTIONS ****
LET ME ASK OUR EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, CATHLEEN CAMPBELL TO COVER
ANY LOGISTICAL INFORMATION THAT YOU WILL NEED DURING OUR
MEETING TODAY.
NOW I WOULD LIKE TO BRIEFLY GO OVER OUR AGENDA FOR TODAY.
THIS MORNING MINISTER SALTYKOV AND I WILL REPORT ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY DEVELOPMENTS IN
OUR COUNTRIES.
AFTER A COFFEE BREAK, WE WILL RECEIVE REPORTS ON THE COOPERATIVE
RESEARCH UNDER WAY UNDER EACH OF THE MEMORANDA OF
COOPERATION.
THIS AFTERNOON, WE WILL CLOSE WITH DISCUSSION OF FUTURE
COOPERATION, THE FUTURE OF THE AGREEMENT, AND PLANS FOR THE
NEXT JOINT COMMISSION MEETING.
THIS EVENING, AFTER VIEWING A VERY INTERESTING N IMAX FILM ON
ANTARCTICA, WE WILL BE ABLE TO CONTINUE CONVERSATIONS OVER
DINNER.
8198
Schedule of Visits for
Russian Delegation
Sunday, 12/13
Arrive Dulles on SU 317 at 3:35 PM
Proceed to Hotel
Free Time
Monday, 12/14
Meetings/Appointments in Washington Area
Possible appointments for Saltykov:
-- Frank Press, NAS, 10:30 AM
-- Fred Hof, deputy to Ambassador
Armitage
-- John Knauss, NOAA
-- DOD?
-- Meeting with Grumman Aircraft,
followed by dinner for the delegation
Tuesday, 12/15
8:15
White House Tour
9:15 - 3:45 PM
BSA JCM (State Department)
6:00 PM
IMAX film (Smithsonian)
7:00 PM
US-hosted dinner (Smithsonian)
Wednesday, 12/16
9:00 - 3:45
Summit Follow-On Discussions
4:00
Depart for National Airport
4:30
Depart for Detroit via Ford Corporate
Jet
Thursday, 12/17
evening
Depart for Chicago via Motorola
Corporate Jet
Friday, 12/18
Chicago (hosted by Motorola)
evening
Return to Washington
Saturday, 12/19
morning
Free time
12:45 P.M.
Depart hotel for Dulles Airport
3:15 P.M.
Depart Dulles for Moscow via SU 318
U.S.-Russia Basic Sciences Agreement
Joint Commission Meeting
December 15, 1992
Washington, D.C.
Tab A
Agenda
Tab B
U.S. Delegation
Tab C
Russian Delegation
DISCUSSION MATERIALS
Tab D
Opening Remarks and Comments on U.S. Science Policy
- Dr. Bromley
Tab E
Report on MOU in Basic Scientific Research - NSF
Tab F
Report on MOU in Geoscience - USGS
Tab G
Report on Physical Sciences, Chemistry, and Engineering Sciences
Tab H
Report on MOU in Mapping Sciences
Tab I
Report on Discussions between NIH and Russian Academy of
Sciences Regarding Possible MOU in Biomedical Research
(Possible)
SIGNATURE ITEM
Tab J
Record of the Meeting
BACKGROUND
Tab K
Biographical Data on Selected Russian Officials
Tab L
Background Information on Russia:
1. Russia's Situation
2. Economic Trends in Russia
3. Russian S&T Developments
4. Saltykov's Interviews/Articles
Tab M
Joint Commission Procedures
Tab N
History of Agreement
Tab o
Background on Other U.S.-Russia S&T Agreements
Tab P
Record of Meeting from 1st Joint Commission Meeting
Tab Q
Record of Meeting from 2nd Joint Commission Meeting
Tab R
Report on ODP
U.S.-Russia Basic Sciences Agreement
Joint Commission Meeting
December 15, 1992
Washington, D.C.
Tab A
Agenda
Tab B
U.S. Delegation
Tab C
Russian Delegation
DISCUSSION MATERIALS
Tab D
Opening Remarks and Comments on U.S. Science Policy
- Dr. Bromley
Tab E
Report on MOU in Basic Scientific Research - NSF
Tab F
Report on MOU in Geoscience - USGS
Tab G
Report on Physical Sciences, Chemistry, and Engineering Sciences
Tab H
Report on MOU in Mapping Sciences
Tab I
Report on Discussions between NIH and Russian Academy of
Sciences Regarding Possible MOU in Biomedical Research
(Possible)
SIGNATURE ITEM
Tab J
Record of the Meeting
BACKGROUND
Tab K
Biographical Data on Selected Russian Officials
Tab L
Background Information on Russia:
1. Russia's Situation
2. Economic Trends in Russia
3. Russian S&T Developments
4. Saltykov's Interviews/Articles
Tab M
Joint Commission Procedures
Tab N
History of Agreement
Tab O
Background on Other U.S.-Russia S&T Agreements
Tab P
Record of Meeting from 1st Joint Commission Meeting
Tab Q
Record of Meeting from 2nd Joint Commission Meeting
Tab R
Report on ODP
PROCEDURES
OF THE US-USSR JOINT COMMISSION
ON COOPERATION IN BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
In accordance with Article X of the Agreement Between the
Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the
Government of the United States of America on Cooperation in
the Field of Basic Scientific Research on the establishment of
a Joint US-USSR Commission on Cooperation in Basic Scientific
Research of January 8, 1989, the Joint Commission has
established the following procedures:
Article 1
The US-USSR Joint Commission on Cooperation in the Field of
Basic Scientific Research, hereafter referred to as the Joint
Commission, was established to review, coordinate and
facilitate cooperation in the field of basic scientific
research.
The Joint Commission shall consider only basic scientific
research as defined in Article II of the Agreement.
Article 2
The Joint Commission shall consider issues related to
cooperation in the field of basic scientific research and act
by mutual consent. Each country shall decide its own internal
procedures for deciding when its consent should be given.
The functions of the Commission are:
-to consider and recommend ways to create favorable
conditions of cooperation;
-to review the results of cooperation undertaken under the
subordinate MOUs;
-to consider proposals for additions, deletions or
modifications to the list of areas of cooperation in Annex III
of the Agreement, which it shall forward to the parties for
their approval;
-to consider modes of support for bilateral scientific
cooperation.
The Joint Commission shall review changes to Annex III
which previously have been approved by the Parties.
The Joint Commission shall only designate broad areas of
cooperation. Specific areas and topics will be designated
under Memoranda of Understanding. The Joint Commission can
recommend measures and programs for consideration and
subsequent approval by both Parties.
-2-
Article 3
The Executive Agent of each side shall designate a
Co-Chairman of the Joint Commission.
The composition of the Joint Commission shall be designated
by the respective Co-Chairmen and the Co-Chairmen shall
exchange lists of Commission members.
The Joint Commission shall be composed of members from both
countries and shall include, at a minimum, representatives of
the Executive Agents, Memoranda of Understanding signatories,
and the Executive Secretaries. Each side of the Joint
Commission shall consist of no more than 15 members, which
figure shall include the prescribed members, and is taken to
mean all Principals and all their assistants, the Executive
Secretary, and all others. Members of the Joint Commission
shall serve without compensation.
Article 4
The Joint Commission shall ordinarily meet once a year,
alternately in the United States and in the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics.
The Co-Chairman of the hosting side shall be designated at
least 90 days before the meeting and act as Chairman of the
Joint Commission for the duration of the meeting.
The Co-Chairmen of the Joint Commission shall propose a
date, agenda, and delegation list for the meeting not less than
30 days prior to the meeting.
Article 5
The Joint Commission shall issue a Record of the Meeting at
the conclusion of each annual meeting.
A Record of the Meeting shall be made in English and
Russian not later than 30 days after the conclusion of the
meeting, both texts being equally valid.
Article 6
To fulfill its tasks, the Joint Commission may establish
temporary working groups.
The Joint Commission determines the role and membership of
such temporary bodies.
Article 7
Expenses for the Joint Commission annual meetings shall be
handled on a receiving side pays basis. Such expenses shall
not exceed the 15 members of the Joint Commission and shall
apply only to the time required for the Joint Commission
meeting plus surrounding days, not to exceed 7, for local site
visits and counterpart meetings. Participation by either
country of more than 15 persons shall be at that Party's
expense. This policy shall be reviewed on a biannual basis.
-3-
Article 8
Any additional needed details on these Procedures should be
worked out by the Executive Secretaries and implemented by
mutual consent.
US-USSR BASIC SCIENCES AGREEMENT OF 1989
History and Background
--
In discussions leading to formal negotiations, the
Soviets wanted the 1989 Agreement to be a direct
successor to the 1972 US-USSR Science and Technology
Agreement which was allowed to expire after the
imposition of martial law in Poland in 1981.
--
However, the 1972 Agreement was widely believed to
have produced one-sided S&T benefits (in Soviet favor)
and allowed the Soviet side to gain unintended access
to sensitive and/or advanced U.S. technology;
consequently the U.S. clearly established, in
negotiating the new agreement in 1987-1988, that such
an agreement was to provide for demonstrable mutual
benefit and to focus on basic research cooperation; by
eliminating applied research, the current agreement is
designed to avoid undesired and unwanted technology
transfer.
--
To this end, the NSC mandated in March 1988 that all
US-USSR S&T cooperative activities are to be subject
to USG interagency review.
--
To implement this goal, the NSC approved in September
1988, the current interagency review procedures;
developed by an interagency task force, these govern
all bilateral S&T activities with the USSR and East
Europe, including the US-USSR Basic Sciences Agreement.
-- The latter was negotiated by a USG interagency
delegation in 1988 and signed in January 1989 by
Secretary of State Schultz and Foreign Affairs
Minister Shevardnadze.
Current Policies, Procedures and Implementation
--
To differentiate the 1989 Basic Sciences Agreement
from the expired 1972 S&T Agreement, the current
agreement not only excludes applied research
activities, but calls for a "bottom-up" approach,
i.e., proposals are to be initiated by U.S. and Soviet
working scientists, as opposed to those negotiated and
"imposed" from the top under the 1972 Agreement (by
the 11 working groups under the then Joint Commission).
-2-
-- To implement the current decentralized approach, USG
technical agencies are authorized to work out MOU's
with their USSR counterparts and, under these
"sub-agreements," to encourage their scientists to
develop joint basic research projects, subject to the
interagency review process noted earlier.
-- By early 1990, NSF and USGS developed such MOU's with
the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Ministry of
Geology.
-- These USG technical agencies reported on their
experience to the first meeting of the new Joint
Commission under the Basic Sciences Agreement, held in
Washington, April 19-20, 1990.
-- Since then, the NIST-Academy of Sciences MOU and a new
MOU in Mapping Sciences between USGS and the USSR
Committee on Geodesy and Cartography have been
proposed to be brought under the Basic Sciences
Agreement.
-- The U.S. expects to sign the NIST-Academy MOU at the
second meeting of the Joint Commission in Moscow, May
13-14, 1991. The U.S. also expects to sign or at
least initial the USGS-CGK MOU, assuming negotiations
are completed by that time.
-- At the 2nd Joint Commission Meeting, the U.S. and USSR
also will agree to discuss cooperation in the Ocean
Drilling Program at this -- and subsequent -- JCM's
(the ODP MOU was signed in February 1991).
-- Then, too, to broaden cooperation, the U.S. side
proposes at the upcoming Joint Commission Meeting to
add experimental physics and social sciences as new
areas for joint research.
SESCTA 5381
Drafted: DOD/JThomas
United States-Russia Basic Sciences Agreement
Joint Commission Meeting
December 15, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
9:15
Arrival
9:30
Coffee
10:00
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
10:30
Overview Presentation by Dr. Bromley on U.S. S&T Developments -
Possible Topics Include:
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
U.S. R&D Priorities
11:00
Overview Presentation by Minister Saltykov on Developments in Russian
S&T Policy - Possible Topics Include:
New Organization Structures
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
R&D Priorities
11:30
Coffee Break
JOINT ACTIVITIES: MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) AND
OPERATIONAL ISSUES IN THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
12:00
MOU in Basic Scientific Research (NSF-Russian Academy of Sciences)
12:10
MOU in Geosciences
12:20
MOU in Physical Sciences, Chemistry and Engineering Sciences
12:30
MOU in Mapping Sciences
12:40
MOU in Biomedical Research (possible)
12:55
LUNCH
3:00
Chairman's Summary/New Areas of Cooperation/Plans for Next Meeting
3:45
Adjourn
CURRENT AS OF 11:00 AM DECEMBER 10, 1992
**********
December 15, 1992
U.S. DELEGATION
D. ALLAN BROMLEY
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
WALTER MASSEY
DALLAS PECK
SAMUEL KRAMER
JOHN BORIGHT
PHIL SCHAMBRA
CATHY CAMPBELL
***** REVISED DECEMBER 9, 1992 4:00 PM *******
Yeltsin-Bush Summit Follow-On
Avenues for Expanded United States-Russia S&T Cooperation
December 16, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
9:00
Coffee
9:30
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
MORNING DISCUSSION
Theme: New S&T Challenges
9:45
Cooperation with Russia: Status, Goal and Objectives
Overview by Dr. Bromley
Cooperation in Science and Technology
Innovative Approaches: Government and Private Sector Initiatives
10:15
Cooperation with the United States: Status, Goals and Objectives
Overview by Vice Premier Saltykov
To be determined by Russia
10:45
Discussion
Theme: Avenues for Enhanced Cooperation
11:15
New Arrangements - S&T
12:30
LUNCH
2:00
Measures to Address Factors Affecting Cooperation
3:15
Chairmen's Summary/Next Steps
3:45
Adjourn
NOTE:
RUSSIAN DELEGATION PROCEEDS TO NATIONAL AIRPORT TO
MEET FORD CORPORATE JET AT BUTLER AVIATION FOR FLIGHT
TO DETROIT
DEC-10-1992 09:07 FROM DOS/OES/SCT
TO
OSTP/O'NEIL
P.03
US-Russia Summit Follow-On Discussions
December 16, 1992
Washington, D.C.
DRIEFING BOOK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tab A
Agenda
Tab B
Delegations
1.
Russian Delegation
2.
U.S. Delegation
DISCUSSION MATERIALS
Tab C
Overview by Dr. Brumley on Cooperation with
Russia: Status, Goals and Objectives
Tab D
Pussible Topics for Expanded Cooperation
Tab E
Factors influencing Expanded Cooperation
Tab F
Possible Now Arrangements for Expanded Cooperation
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Tab G
Ratchtord Letter to Yakoboshvili (Nov 6)
Tab H
Yakoboshvili Letter to Ratchford (Nov 13)
I
- Saltyker correspondence
add items to This table of Cartents
inducated on attached Table for Basic
Sainus meeting
+
Summit Statement
TOTAL P.03
Tab J
Record of the Meeting
Tab K
Biographical Data on Selected Russian Officials
Tab L
Background Information on Russia:
1. Russia's Situation
2. Economic Trends in Russia
3. Russian S&T Developments
4. Saltykov's Interviews/Articles
Tab o
Background on Other U.S.-Russia S&T Agreements
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
02. Report
Factors Affecting Cooperation (7 pp.)
(b)(1)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
O'Neil, John F., Files
Subseries:
Russia Subject Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
Date Closed:
5/26/2010
OA/ID Number:
62093-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
FACT SHEET
ON THE PROPOSED U.S.-RUSSIAN
S&T AGREEMENT
1. IMPACT OF THE UMBRELLA AGREEMENT ON EXISTING AGREEMENTS
AND MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING
Existing agreements and MOUs which are in force at the time of the signing of the
umbrella agreement will not terminate but will be subject to the provisions of the
umbrella agreement. This means that existing agreements and MOUs will be within the
general policy framework of the umbrella agreement and that matters of importance
arising from cooperation under those agreements and MOUs may be considered by the
Joint Commission. The practical effect of this on agencies is two-fold:
0
A senior official of each agency responsible for agreements, MOUs, or
cooperative activities in force, will be expected to participate in the annual
meeting of the Joint Commission, and important existing activities will be
considered by the Joint Commission, for the purpose of facilitating
cooperation. Policy considerations, such as resolution of crosscutting
problems, emanating from the Joint Commission may provide policy
guidance relevant to agency agreements, MOUs and activities.
0
Both governments, based on information provided by agencies, will be
required to make annual reports to the Joint Commission. Such reports,
as outlined in paragraph 5 of Annex 1 will be fairly broad and the level of
detail to be included in the USG report will be left to the discretion of the
implementing agencies. The desired outcome is more transparency in the
S&T activities between the United States and Russia.
Intellectual property rights provisions of the existing agreements and MOUs will remain
unchanged and unaffected by the umbrella S&T agreement. If an agreement or MOU
does not provide for IPR, the umbrella IPR provisions will apply.
2. IMPACT OF UMBRELLA AGREEMENT ON NEW AND RENEWAL
AGREEMENTS, MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING AND ACTIVITIES
New and renewal agreements, MOUs and activities concluded by departments and
agencies also will be subject to the provisions of the umbrella agreement as descrived
above. Negotiation and conclusion of binding agreements and MOUs will require
interagency coordination, as is now the case without the umbrella. The practical effect
on operating agencies is four fold:
0
Participation in annual Joint Commission meetings
0
Providing information for annual reports to the Joint Commission
0
The umbrella agreement provides additional flexibility for operating
agencies to determine the most appropriate mechanism for cooperation. In
addition to formal agency-to-agency agreements or MOUs, specific
projects may be implemented subject to the provisions of the umbrella
agreement, without negotiating specialized agency agreements.
0
Intellectual property rights provisions of the umbrella agreement will
apply, unless agencies determine that other provisions would be more
suitable. Both Article VI and Annex II clearly allow other IPR
arrangements. Where other IPR provisions are more desirable,
interagency clearance will be required, as is the case now without the
umbrella agreement.
3. EFFECT OF UMBRELLA AGREEMENT ON RELATIONS WITH OTHER
REPUBLICS
Each state that was a republic of the former Soviet Union continues to be bound by US-
USSR agreements, subject to certain exceptions (e.g., the object and purpose of the
agreement are inconsistent with respect to a particular republic). The conclusion of an
umbrella agreement with Russia will have no legal impact on the continuation of existing
agreements with the other republics that are based on prior agreements with the USSR.
While Circular 175 clearance has been requested only for the conclusion of an umbrella
agreement with Russia, this agreement may set a precedence for similar cooperation
with certain other republics.
4. EFFECT OF UMBRELLA AGREEMENT ON TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
PROGRAMS WITHIN S&T AGREEMENTS AND MOUS
All science and technology components of S&T agreements and MOUs will be subject to
the provisions of the umbrella agreement, including those S&T activities which are
supported by technical assistance funds. Technical assistance funds used for other, non-
S&T activities are not subject to the provisions of the S&T agreement. In practical
terms, this means that the policy forum of the Joint Commission will impact only that
assistance utilized in S&T cooperative activities. The Joint Commission's competence
does not extend to technical assistance for non-S&T activities. Operating agencies will
be responsible for identifying S&T activities funded by technical assistance.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
03. Report
Items to be included in December discussions (3 pp.)
(b)(1)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Science and Technology Policy, Office of (OSTP)
Series:
O'Neil, John F., Files
Subseries:
Russia Subject Files
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
Date Closed:
5/26/2010
OA/ID Number:
62093-011
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2005-0336-F
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
Yeltsin-Bush Summit Follow-On
Avenues for Expanded United States-Russia S&T Cooperation
December 9, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
9:00
Coffee
9:30
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
MORNING DISCUSSION
Theme: New S&T Challenges
9:45
Cooperation with Russia: Status, Goal and Objectives
Overview by Dr. Bromley
Cooperation in Science and Technology
Innovative Approaches: Government and Private Sector Initiatives
10:15
Cooperation with the United States: Status, Goals and Objectives
Overview by Vice Premier Saltykov
To be determined by Russia
10:45
Discussion
Theme: Avenues for Enhanced Cooperation
11:15
New Arrangements - S&T
12:45
LUNCH
2:15
Measures to Address Factors Affecting Cooperation
4:00
Chairmen's Summary/Next Steps
4:30
Adjourn
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI KOKOSHIN
DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENSE
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
YURI OSIPOV
PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SERGEI KISYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
FONOTOV
FIRST DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ZURAB YAKOBSHVILI
DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI BYKOV
CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, MINSCI
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPT. MINSCI
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI KOKOSHIN
DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENSE
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
YURI OSIPOV
PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SERGEI KISYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
FONOTOV
FIRST DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ZURAB YAKOBSHVILI
DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI BYKOV
CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, MINSCI
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPT. MINSCI
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI KOKOSHIN
DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENSE
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
YURI OSIPOV
PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SERGEI KISYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
FONOTOV
FIRST DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ZURAB YAKOBSHVILI
DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI BYKOV
CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, MINSCI
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPT. MINSCI
December 1, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR D. ALLAN BROMLEY
THROUGH:
J. THOMAS RATCHFORD
FROM:
JOHN F. O'NEIL
SUBJECT:
DECEMBER MEETINGS WITH MINISTER SALTYKOV
Two meetings are scheduled this month with Boris Saltykov:
December 15 - Basic Sciences Joint Commission Meeting, and
December 16 - Talks on expanding cooperation in S&T.
The Russian side has tentatively identified their delegation. The names are attached.
The agendas for both meetings are also attached.
U.S. Delegation. You have sent letters of invitation to Frank Wisner, Walter Massey,
Dallas Peck, Paul Wolfowitz (DoD), John Lyons (NIST), and Phil Schambra for the
Basic Sciences delegation. For the December 16 talks, you have invited Frank Wisner,
Walter Massey, John Sayre, Paul Wolfowitz, Robert White (DoC), Bernadine Healy.,
Daniel Golden, and Wil Happer at Energy.
Venue. The Loy Henderson Conference Room At State has been reserved. The Middle
East Peace Talks are expected to be in session at the same time as your meetings.
Dinner. Arrangements have been made for dinner on December 15, 1992 at the
Smithsonian Museum of American History. We will be in the Presidential Suite, with
cocktails in the main foyer. Dinner will be preceded by a viewing of the IMAX film on
the Kuwaiti oil fires.
Delegation Meetings. I recommend both delefgations meet jointly the week preceding the
meetings, on Thursday or Friday. With your approval, I will coordiante with Ralph and
schedule.
Official Gifts. I propose to locate appropriate gifts and have the travel contractor
procure them.
Funding. Contributions are as follows: USGS - $10,000, NIH - $3,500, State will pick up
interpreter expenses and may kick in funds, DoD may contribute $1,000, and NSF will
cover costs above the contributions.
Schedule.
Sunday - December 13 - Russian delegation arrives during the afternoon,
Monday - December 14 - Russian delegation makes calls in Washington,
Tuesday - December 15 - Russian delegation begins with an early tour of the
White House tour before the start of the Joint Commission meeting. The agenda
for the Joint Commission Meeting is attached. A lunch is included.
Evening will include I MAX film at Air and Space Museum and U.S. hosted
dinner at Museum of American History,
Wednesday - December 16 - Talks on expanding S&T cooperation,
Late afternoon/early evening - Russian delegation leaves for Ford Company in
Detroit,
Thursday - December 17 - Program at Ford - travel to Motorola in Chicago,
Friday - December 18 - Program at Motorola,
Saturday - December 19 - Depart U.S. for return to Moscow.
RUSSIAN DELEGATION
BORIS SALTYKOV
DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI KOKOSHIN
DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENSE
EUGENIY ROGOVSKIY
CHIEF, DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGY AND EXPORT PROMOTION,
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
YURI OSIPOV
PRESIDENT, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SERGEI KISYAK
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
FONOTOV
FIRST DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ZURAB YAKOBSHVILI
DEPUTY MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
ANDREI BYKOV
CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, MINSCI
VLADIMIR TYSHCHENKO
DEPUTY CHIEF OF FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPT. MINSCI
United States-Russia Basic Sciences Agreement
Joint Commission Meeting
December 15, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
9:15
Arrival
9:30
Coffee
10;00
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
10:30
Overview Presentation by Dr. Bromley on U.S. S&T Developments -
Possible Topics Include:
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
U.S. R&D Priorities
11:00
Overview Presentation by Minister Saltykov on Developments in Russian
S&T Policy - Possible Topics Include:
New Organization Structures
New Approaches to Supporting S&T
R&D Priorities
11:30
Coffee Break
JOINT ACTIVITIES: MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) AND
OPERATIONAL ISSUES IN THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
12:00
MOU in Basic Scientific Research (NSF-Russian Academy of Sciences)
12:10
MOU in Geosciences
12:20
MOU in Physical Sciences, Chemistry and Engineering Sciences
12:30
MOU in Mapping Sciences
12:40
MOU in Biomedical Research (possible)
12:55
LUNCH
3:00
Chairman's Summary/New Areas of Cooperation/Plans for Next Meeting
3:45
Adjourn
Yeltsin-Bush Summit Follow-On
Avenues for Expanded United States-Russia S&T Cooperation
December 16, 1992
Washington, D.C.
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION
9:00
Coffee
9:30
Opening Remarks:
Dr. D. Allan Bromley
Deputy Premier Boris Saltykov
MORNING DISCUSSION
Theme: New S&T Challenges
9:45
Cooperation with Russia: Status, Goal and Objectives
Overview by Dr. Bromley
Cooperation in Science and Technology
Innovative Approaches: Government and Private Sector Initiatives
10:15
Cooperation with the United States: Status, Goals and Objectives
Overview by Vice Premier Saltykov
To be determined by Russia
10:45
Discussion
Theme: Avenues for Enhanced Cooperation
11:15
New Arrangements - S&T
12:45
LUNCH
2:15
Measures to Address Factors Affecting Cooperation
4:00
Chairmen's Summary/Next Steps
4:30
Adjourn
BILATERAL COOPERATIVE S&T AGREEMENTS WITH THE FORMER USSR
1. AGRICULTURE
2. ARTIFICIAL HEART
3. BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
5. MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
6. OCEANS STUDIES
7. PEACEFUL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY
8. SPACE
9. TRANSPORTATION
BILATERAL COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH THE FORMER USSR
1. AGRICULTURE
TERM: 6/19/93
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: USDA
USSR COMMISSION ON FOOD AND FOOD
PROCUREMENT
2. ARTIFICIAL HEART
TERM: 6/28/92
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: HHS
USSR MINISTRY OF HEALTH, ALL UNION CENTER FOR
CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH
3. BASIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TERM: 1/08/93
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: OSTP
GKNT
SUBSIDIARY MOU PARTNERS: NSF-USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
NIST-USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
USGS-USSR MINISTRY OF GEOLOGY
USGS-USSR COMMITTEE OF GEODESY &
CARTOGRAPHY
4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TERM: 5/23/92
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: EPA
USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR NATURE USE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
5. MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH: TERM: 5/01/92
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: HHS
USSR MINISTRY OF HEALTH
6. OCEAN STUDIES:
TERM: 5/31/95
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: NOAA
GKNT
7. PEACEFUL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY:
TERM:6/01/95
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: DOE
MINISTRY OF ATOMIC POWER AND INDUSTRY
8. SPACE:
TERM: 4/14/92
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: NASA
USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
GLAVKOSMOS
9. TRANSPORTATION:
TERM: 5/31/93
EXECUTIVE AGENTS: DOT
GKNT
AGREEMENTS BY ORGANIZATION
GKNT:
BASIC SCIENCES
OCEAN STUDIES
TRANSPORTATION
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES:
BASIC SCIENCES
SPACE
USSR MINISTRY OF HEALTH:
ARTIFICIAL HEART
MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
USSR MINISTRY OF GEOLOGY:
BASIC SCIENCES
USSR COMMISSION ON FOOD AND FOOD PROCUREMENT:
AGRICULTURE
USSR STATE COMMITTEE OF GEODESY AND CARTOGRAPHY:
BASIC SCIENCES
USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR NATURE USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
USSR MINISTRY OF ATOMIC POWER AND INDUSTRY:
PEACEFUL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY
GLAVKOSMOS:
SPACE
Sattykov's speeches & articles & interviews
/*********** THIS IS A COMBINED MESSAGE
BODY
PASS:
ATTN BBC PRESS
COPY TO CD
COUNTRY: RUSSIA
SUBJ: TAKE 1 OF 3--VICE PREMIER ON RUSSIAN SCIENCE RECOVERY
SOURCE: MOSCOW IZVESTIYA IN RUSSIAN 26 NOV 92 MORNING EDITION P 3
TEXT:
(INTERVIEW WITH B.G. SALTYKOV, DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER OF THE
RUSSIAN FEDERATION GOVERNMENT AND MINISTER OF SCIENCE, HIGHER
EDUCATION, AND TECHNICAL POLICY, BY IZVESTIYA SCIENCE COMMENTATOR
BORIS KONOVALOV; PLACE AND DATE NOT GIVEN: "THE RUMORS ABOUT THE
DEATH OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE ARE EXAGGERATED"))
((TEXT)) ((KONOVALOV)) BORIS GEORGIYEVICH, OUR ARMY OF
SCIENTISTS, STILL QUITE LARGE, IS QUICKLY BECOMING IMPOVERISHED.
EVEN SENIOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATES SOMETIMES MAKE 2,500 TO 3,000 RUBLES
((R)) AT PRESENT. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO GET BY ON THIS KIND OF MONEY.
DESPITE THE FACT THAT OUR GOVERNMENT IS HEADED BY A SCIENTIST, IT
TURNS OUT THAT IT RATHER ACTS IN THE INTERESTS OF BANKERS, WHO ARE
RAPIDLY GROWING RICH THROUGH INSANELY EXPENSIVE LOANS, AND OF
SPECULATORS, WHO HAVE FILLED THE STREETS AND DO NOT PAY ANY TAXES TO
THE STATE.
((SALTYKOV)) INDEED, THE SCIENTISTS' SITUATION IS CALAMITOUS. I
BELIEVE THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO SUBSTANTIALLY ADJUST THE
GOVERNMENT'S POLICY FOR MANY REASONS, OF WHICH THE CALAMITOUS
SITUATION OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION, CULTURE, AND HEALTH CARE IS NOT THE
LEAST. HOWEVER, THE GOVERNMENT CERTAINLY DID NOT SET THE GOAL OF
SUPPORTING BANKERS OR SPECULATORS TO THE DETRIMENT OF THE INTERESTS
OF EMPLOYEES IN BUDGET-FINANCED SECTORS.
LET US TRY TO ANALYZE CALMLY THE REAL SITUATION IN WHICH WE
CURRENTLY OPERATE. IN DECEMBER OF LAST YEAR WE COUNTED ON RECEIVING
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PAGE:0002
20-30 PERCENT LESS FUNDING FROM THE STATE BUDGET IN 1992 THAN WE DID
IN 1991. HOWEVER, IT IS NOW CLEAR THAT ACTUALLY, IN COMPARABLE
PRICES, OUTLAYS ON CIVILIAN SCIENCE WILL BE SMALLER THAN LAST YEAR
BY APPROXIMATELY A FACTOR OF THREE (1). THIS IS HAPPENING WHILE
ORDERS FOR RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WORK FROM
INDUSTRY HAVE ALSO DECLINED SIMULTANEOUSLY BY APPROXIMATELY A FACTOR
OF 10. I CAN ONLY WONDER AND ADMIRE OUR SCIENTISTS AND DESIGNERS FOR
BEING ABLE TO SURVIVE AND CONTINUING TO WORK UNDER SUCH
CIRCUMSTANCES, AS THEY DISPLAY MIRACULOUS FEATS OF PERSEVERANCE AND
INGENUITY. TO MY MIND, ONLY RUSSIAN SCIENCE COULD WITHSTAND THIS
SHOCK. OF COURSE, AS A MINISTER I AM ASHAMED OF THE MEAGER SALARIES
WHICH MANY SKILLED SCIENTISTS DRAW.
THEY BEGAN TO OBJECT TO ME WHEN, EARLY IN THE YEAR, I BEGAN TO
CALL ON RESEARCH COLLECTIVES TO LOOK FOR NEW SOURCES OF FINANCING,
INCLUDING SOURCES FROM ABROAD. ONLY THE STATE MAY AND SHOULD
PRESERVE DOMESTIC SCIENCE AT PRESENT, THEY SAID. NOBODY IS DISPUTING
THIS I THE STATE NOW REMAINS VIRTUALLY THE ONLY "GUARDIAN" OF
SCIENCE: THE PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL OUTLAYS ON RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT,
AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WORK ACCOUNTED FOR BY THE FEDERAL BUDGET HAS
INCREASED FROM 55 TO MORE THAN 80 PERCENT DURING THIS PERIOD OF
TIME. THIS IS THE LIMIT OF THE CAPABILITIES OF THE STATE. HOWEVER,
EVEN THESE FUNDS ARE EXTREMELY SCARCE.
((KONOVALOV)) DOES THE GOVERNMENT FAIL TO UNDERSTAND THAT RUSSIA
HAS NO FUTURE WITHOUT SCIENCE?
((SALTYKOV)) OF COURSE THE GOVERNMENT UNDERSTANDS. THE
PRESERVATION OF SCIENCE AND THE COMPREHENSIVE USE OF ITS
ACCOMPLISHMENTS ARE CERTAINLY IN THE STRATEGIC INTERESTS OF RUSSIA.
THE GOVERNMENT IS AWARE OF THE TREMENDOUS NATIONAL VALUE OF SCIENCE
AND UNDERSTANDS THAT IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS FUTURE. HOWEVER,
SCIENCE CANNOT REMAIN A DETACHED "IVORY TOWER" AT A TIME OF GIGANTIC
SOCIAL SHOCKS. THERE IS EVERY REASON TO REFER TO THE MISTAKES AND
LACK OF DISPATCH ON THE PART OF THE GOVERNMENT AND WASTED
OPPORTUNITIES. SUCH TALK UNAVOIDABLY ACCOMPANIES ALL CRISES WHEN
DECISIONS ARE MADE AND CARRIED OUT IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF VERY GREAT
UNCERTAINTY, THE SEVERANCE OF EXISTING RELATIONS, AND THE EROSION OF
EXECUTIVE POWER. SUCH TALK IS A NECESSARY OUTLET, A NECESSARY MEANS
OF MENTAL THERAPY, ESPECIALLY FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE WISE AFTER THE
FACT. HOWEVER, ULTIMATELY THE CONTENT OF ANY PROGRAM HINGES
PRIMARILY ON THE ESSENCE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CHOICE MADE, AND ONLY
AFTER THAT, ON THE SKILLS OF THE WORKER AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
EXECUTION.
THE ONLY THING WHICH MAY STRIKE US TODAY IS THE INERTIA OF
THINKING OF A CONSIDERABLE SEGMENT OF THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA,
WHO STILL FAIL TO APPRECIATE THE PROFUNDITY OF THE SHOCK WHICH
RUSSIA IS EXPERIENCING.
HOWEVER, SHOCKS OF THIS KIND IN A HUGE COUNTRY CANNOT BE THE
RESULT OF CONSPIRACIES BY KIKE-FREEMASONS, THE CIA, GORBACHEV, OR
YELTSIN. THEY ARE THE RESULT OF AN IRREVOCABLE CHOICE MADE BY THE
MOST INFLUENTIAL AND ACTIVE SOCIAL FORCES OF SOCIETY. IN RUSSIA THIS
CHOICE WAS MADE PRIMARILY BY THE INTELLIGENTSIA, DESPITE THE FACT
THAT STUDENTS, YOUNG EMPLOYEES OF THE STATE APPARATUS, SKILLED
WORKERS, AND SOME PEASANTS WERE LIKEWISE THE BEARERS OF IDEAS WHICH
LEAD TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DEMOCRACY AND MARKET RELATIONS.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PAGE:0003
I BELIEVE THAT A MAJORITY OF REASONABLE PEOPLE STAND BY THIS
CHOICE AT PRESENT AS WELL, DESPITE ALL THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE
CRISIS WE ARE EXPERIENCING. WE HAD TO GET ACROSS THE PRECIPICE;
VIRTUALLY EVERYONE AGREES WITH THIS. WHATEVER ONE THINKS ABOUT THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIALISM, THE POTENTIAL OF THIS CONCEPT WAS
ENTIRELY DEPLETED ONCE ENTHUSIASM HAD BEEN SNUFFED OUT AND
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE EXTENSIVE USE OF RESOURCES HAD BEEN EXHAUSTED.
IT BECAME NECESSARY TO MODERNIZE THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY AND TO
BRIDGE THE GAP SEPARATING US FROM DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. HOWEVER, IT
IS ABSOLUTELY OBVIOUS TO ME THAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO ARRIVE AT
DEMOCRACY AND MARKET RELATIONS ONLY BY WAY OF RUSSIAN TRADITIONS.
((KONOVALOV)) I WOULD LIKE TO RECALL THAT, DURING THE POST-
OCTOBER REVOLUTION PERIOD, WHICH WAS NO LESS DIFFICULT FOR THE
COUNTRY, THE BOLSHEVIK GOVERNMENT CAME UP WITH THE MONEY AND
RESOURCES TO SET UP QUITE A NUMBER OF INSTITUTES WHICH BECAME THE
PRIDE OF OUR NATIONAL SCIENCE. AT THE TIME THE IMPOVERISHED AND
DEVASTATED RUSSIA THOUGHT ABOUT ITS FUTURE, WHEREAS WE DO NOT WANT
TO DO THIS AT PRESENT. AFTER ALL, NO MATTER HOW WE CONDEMN THE FLAWS
OF OUR SCIENCE, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO OVERLOOK THE FACT THAT THE
POWERFUL SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL WHICH HAS BEEN CREATED IS ONE OF THE
MAIN RICHES OF RUSSIA. IT IS PAINFUL TO WATCH AT PRESENT HOW THIS
POTENTIAL IS BEING DESTROYED--SOME ARE GOING ABROAD, OTHERS ARE
TAKING UP COMMERCE
/****** BEGINNING OF TAKE 002 ******/
REF:
934C0410A MOSCOW IZVESTIYA IN RUSSIAN 26 NOV 92 MORNING
EDITION P 3 /TAKING UP COMMERCE
SOURCE: MOSCOW IZVESTIYA IN RUSSIAN 26 NOV 92 MORNING EDITION P 3
TEXT:
((SALTYKOV)) I AGREE THAT IT IS PAINFUL. OUR MAIN TASK IS TO
PRESERVE THE PEOPLE, RATHER THAN THE SUPERFICIAL FORMS, OF SCIENCE.
IN THE USSR SCIENCE WAS, IN TERMS OF ITS STRUCTURE AND GENETIC CODE,
AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE STATE MONSTER WHICH WE ARE NOW RESTRUCTURING
WITH SUCH PAIN.
THE DISMANTLING OF THE OLD MONOPOLISTIC SYSTEM UNAVOIDABLY CALLS
FOR A PROFOUND TRANSFORMATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC STRUCTURE WHICH IS
BUILT INTO IT. ARE PREDICTIONS OF A CATASTROPHE LEGITIMATE AT THIS
TIME? AS I SEE IT, THEY ARE NOT. CERTAINLY, ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS
INFLUENCE THE ACTIVITIES OF A SCIENTIST. STILL, THEY ARE MERELY AN
OUTER SHELL WITH REGARD TO SUCH ACTIVITIES. THE BREAKUP OF SUCH
FORMS IS PAINFUL BUT IS NOT LETHAL TO SCIENCE. FOR EXAMPLE, THE
MINISTRY AS THE MONOPOLIZING STRUCTURE DISAPPEARS, AND SCIENTISTS
WELCOME THIS. HOWEVER, IN THE PROCESS THEY LOSE THEIR BASE; IT TURNS
OUT THAT SECTORAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES, WHICH WERE PART OF
THIS STRUCTURE, MUST BE RADICALLY RESTRUCTURED. ATTEMPTS TO CURTAIL
THIS PROCESS AND TO "CONTINUE CENTRALIZED FUNDING" ARE WORSE THAN
JUST UNSOUND; THEY DISTRACT PEOPLE FROM ACTIVE AND URGENT EFFORTS TO
FIND A NEW ORGANIZATION, A NEW RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIETY.
ON THE OTHER HAND, I SEE CLEARLY THAT THERE IS A LIMIT TO THE
ABILITY OF THE SYSTEM TO ADAPT, AND AS I SEE IT, WE HAVE COME VERY
CLOSE TO IT.
AS FAR AS THE EMIGRATION OF OUR SCIENTISTS ABROAD IS CONCERNED,
IT IS NOT ALL THAT UNAMBIGUOUS. INDEED, AT PRESENT THE "BRAIN DRAIN"
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PAGE:0004
TROUBLES AND PAINS US BECAUSE, IN SCIENCE, EVERY PERSON IS AN
INDIVIDUAL, A TALENT WHOSE LOSS FREQUENTLY BECOMES IRREPARABLE.
HOWEVER, LET US TAKE A DIFFERENT VIEW OF THIS. MANY SCIENTISTS WHO
HAVE GONE ABROAD ARE WORKING THERE UNDER TEMPORARY CONTRACTS. I AM
CONFIDENT THAT MOST OF THEM WILL RETURN TO RUSSIA ENRICHED WITH THE
EXPERIENCE AND SKILLS OF THE BEST LABORATORIES OF THE WORLD. YOU
HAVE MENTIONED THE TIME FOLLOWING THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION; IF so, WE
SHOULD RECALL HOW SOME OF OUR INSTITUTES AND SCHOOLS WERE CREATED.
AFTER WORKING IN E. RUTHERFORD'S LABORATORY, ACADEMICIAN P. KAPITSA
FOUNDED THE FAMOUS INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF PHYSICS IN MOSCOW AND
CREATED A MARVELOUS DOMESTIC SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. INCIDENTALLY,
EQUIPMENT FOR THE INSTITUTE WAS A GIFT FROM RUTHERFORD. ACADEMICIAN
YU. KHARITON, THE SCIENCE DIRECTOR OF THE NOW WIDELY KNOWN ARZAMAS-
16, IN WHICH OUR NUCLEAR WEAPONS WERE DEVELOPED, WAS ALSO TRAINED AT
E. RUTHERFORD'S LABORATORY. N. SEMENOV, A. IOFFE, AND MANY OTHER
LUMINARIES OF OUR SCIENCE ALSO TRAVELED THIS PATH OF TRAINING
ABROAD.
THE EXCESSIVELY SLOW DEVELOPMENT OF OUR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN PARTNERS IS WHAT WE SHOULD BE TALKING ABOUT
AT PRESENT. AFTER ALL, FROM AN OBJECTIVE POINT OF VIEW IT IS
PRECISELY OWING TO SCIENCE THAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO INTEGRATE WITH
THE WORLD COMMUNITY WITH GREATER EASE AND SPEED. OUR INDUSTRIALISTS
AND ENTREPRENEURS ARE YET TO MASTER A COMMON (MARKET-BASED) LANGUAGE
OF THE WEST, WHEREAS THERE IS NO NEED FOR SCIENTISTS TO DO SO: THEY
HAVE LONG BEEN SPEAKING THE SAME LANGUAGE. SCIENCE IS INTERNATIONAL.
AT PRESENT, THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW AREAS IN WHICH WE ARE PARTNERS ON
AN EQUAL FOOTING AND ARE OF INTEREST TO THE ENTIRE WORLD. WE SHOULD
URGENTLY STUDY TRENDS IN THE NEW MARKET FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
PRODUCTS, AND REFRAIN FROM SELLING FOR $1,000 SOMETHING THAT COSTS
$1 MILLION. IT IS IN THIS THAT THE STATE SHOULD HELP OUR SCIENTISTS.
((KONOVALOV)) WE HEAR FREQUENTLY THAT THE WEST WILL HELP US,
WHEREAS AN OLD RUSSIAN MAXIM SAYS: "GOD HELPS THOSE WHO HELP
THEMSELVES." COULD YOU REFER TO SPECIFIC MEASURES WHICH HAVE BEEN
TAKEN OR ARE BEING TAKEN WITH A VIEW TO PRESERVING THE SCIENTIFIC
POTENTIAL OF RUSSIA?
(SALTYKOV)) FIRST OF ALL, A NORMATIVE FOUNDATION HAS BEEN LAID
FOR REGULATING RELATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY--
FOUR LAWS (INCLUDING A PATENT LAW). THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR
PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. THE PROGRAM SEGMENT OF THE BUDGET
WILL BE INCREASED, AND PROGRAMS THEMSELVES WILL BE RENEWED. A SYSTEM
OF INDEPENDENT FOUNDATIONS IS BEING FORMED WHICH WILL FINANCE
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIVES BY PROVIDING GRANTS. THE MAIN ONE AMONG THEM,
THE RUSSIAN FOUNDATION FOR BASIC RESEARCH, IS BEGINNING TO OPERATE
IN MOSCOW. THE FOUNDATION FOR SUPPORTING YOUNG SCIENTISTS IS BEING
SET UP IN NOVOSIBIRSK AT THE FACILITIES OF THE ACADEMIC CITY AND THE
UNIVERSITY. IN ST. PETERSBURG, A REGIONAL FOUNDATION FOR SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT IS BEING SET UP.
FOREIGN FOUNDATIONS ARE EMBARKING ON ACTUAL OPERATIONS TO SUPPORT
RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS: THE EUROPEAN FOUNDATION (4 MILLION ECU
((EUROPEAN CURRENCY UNITS))) AND THE MCARTHUR FOUNDATION IN MOSCOW
($3 MILLION). THE U.S. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION IS INCREASING
ASSISTANCE CONSIDERABLY. THE U.S. ADMINISTRATION IS CONSIDERING THE
POSSIBILITY OF ALLOCATING $25 MILLION. CONSIDERABLE AMOUNTS HAVE
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PAGE:0005
BEEN ALLOCATED TO THIS END IN ITALY, ENGLAND, AND OTHER COUNTRIES.
FINALLY, THE DECISION HAS BEEN MADE TO EXEMPT FOREIGN GRANTS FROM
TAXES, AND EQUIPMENT AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS DELIVERED THROUGH
THIS ARRANGEMENT, FROM CUSTOMS DUTIES.
WORK IS UNDERWAY ON CREATING FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC CENTERS WHICH ARE
CALLED UPON TO PRESERVE COMPREHENSIVE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS AND ENSURE
THE REPRODUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL POTENTIAL IN KEY SECTORS.
WE PROPOSE TO STIMULATE INNOVATION-ORIENTED ACTIVITIES OF
ENTERPRISES THROUGH CREDIT AND TAX POLICY PROVISIONS AND SPECIAL-
PURPOSE SUBSIDIES. WE WILL SUPPORT THE CREATION OF SMALL ENTERPRISES
AT THE FACILITIES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND DESIGN
BUREAUS, AS WELL AS THE RETRAINING AND JOB PLACEMENT OF SCIENTISTS
AND SPECIALISTS RIGHT THERE.
/****** BEGINNING OF TAKE 003 ******/
REF:
934C0410A MOSCOW IZVESTIYA IN RUSSIAN 26 NOV 92 MORNING
EDITION P 3 ///SPECIALISTS RIGHT THERE.
SOURCE: MOSCOW IZVESTIYA IN RUSSIAN 26 NOV 92 MORNING EDITION P 3
TEXT:
WE VIGOROUSLY SUPPORT THE INTEGRATION OF INSTITUTES OF HIGHER
LEARNING AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS THROUGH USING THEIR ASSOCIATES
AS INSTRUCTORS, FINANCING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AT BOTH THE
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND
SECTORAL INSTITUTES, AND CREATING JOINT INSTRUCTION AND RESEARCH
CENTERS AND SPECIALIZED INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING OF THE
"ADVANCED TYPE." THE STATE PROVIDES INCENTIVES FOR THE CREATION OF
COMMERCIAL AND NONPROFIT TECHNOLOGY PARKS, INSTRUMENT CENTERS, AND
RESEARCH-INTENSIVE PRODUCTION AT THE FACILITIES OF LIQUIDATED
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES, INCLUDING THOSE WHICH USE, IN PART,
THEIR STAFF AND THEIR WAGE FUNDS.
THE FUTURE OF OUR RESEARCH SETTLEMENTS IS YET ANOTHER PROBLEM.
MANY OF THEM (OBNINSK, PUSHCHINO, DUBNA, CHERNOGOLOVKA, AND OTHERS)
CAME UP WITH THE INITIATIVE TO OPEN RESEARCH-TYPE UNIVERSITIES
THERE. WE ARE FINALIZING SUCH INITIATIVES THROUGH LEGISLATION WHICH
WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO USE THE FREED-UP POTENTIAL OF RESEARCH
FACILITIES MOST EFFICIENTLY, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME CREATING NEW
CENTERS FOR THE TRAINING OF HIGHLY SKILLED CADRES. WE WILL ALSO HAVE
"RUSSIAN PRINCETONS I A GOVERNMENT DECISION ON ESTABLISHING A
UNIVERSITY AT PUSHCHINO HAS ALREADY BEEN ADOPTED.
((KONOVALOV)) WILL WE FINALLY ABANDON THE PRINCIPLE "A LITTLE BIT
TO EACH" AND PROVIDE SPECIAL SUPPORT FOR THOSE WHO ARE TALENTED?
((SALTYKOV)) AS EARLY AS THE BEGINNING OF THIS YEAR WE ANNOUNCED
A POLICY OF PRIORITY FUNDING FOR STRONG COMPETITIVE SECTORS.
FIGURATIVELY SPEAKING, AT PRESENT WE CAN ONLY AFFORD TO WORK RICH
GOLD VEINS WHILE KEEPING POOR "DEPOSITS" IN RESERVE UNTIL BETTER
TIMES.
WE SHOULD ADMIT FRANKLY THAT so FAR WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO
ABANDON THE "POURING" OF STATE FUNDS EVENLY INTO SCIENTIFIC
STRUCTURES WHICH HAVE EMERGED OVER DECADES. THE REASONS ARE FOUND
NOT ONLY IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BEING AWKWARD, AND THE MONTHLY
FINANCING ARRANGEMENT BEING UNACCEPTABLE FOR SCIENCE, BUT ALSO IN
THE POWERFUL OPPOSITION OF A CERTAIN SEGMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNITY TO CUTBACKS IN RESEARCH PROJECTS WHICH ARE NOT PROMISING
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PAGE:0006
BUT CUSTOMARY. UNLESS WE OVERCOME THIS WE WILL NOT PROVIDE THE
CONDITIONS FOR FULL-FLEDGED OPERATIONS IN AREAS OF HIGH PRIORITY.
WHILE ACKNOWLEDGING THE EXCESSIVE PROCRASTINATION OF THE
AUTHORITIES IN MAKING URGENT DECISIONS, WE SHOULD NOTE THAT A NUMBER
OF IMPORTANT STEPS HAVE BEEN TAKEN, AFTER ALL. LET US NOTE IN ALL
THIS THAT DESPITE THE PRINCIPLE OF SELECTIVITY WE ARE BUILDING OUR
SCIENCE POLICY ON THE BASIS OF STATE SUPPORT FOR SCIENCE AS AN
ORGANIC ENTITY WITH ITS CHARACTERISTIC SECTORAL AND REGIONAL
STRUCTURES.
IN SUMMATION I WOULD LIKE TO STRESS THE FOLLOWING. THE SITUATION
OF OUR SCIENCE DOES NOT APPEAR HOPELESS TO ME. INDEED, THE COMING
TWO OR THREE YEARS WILL BE DIFFICULT, PERHAPS VERY DIFFICULT.
HOWEVER, THE INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF RUSSIA IS QUITE GREAT; THE
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND THE INTELLIGENTSIA STILL ENJOY GREAT
AUTHORITY IN OUR SOCIETY. AT PRESENT THE GOVERNMENT CANNOT CONCEIVE
OF CHOOSING A PATH FOR ADJUSTING THE REFORM WITHOUT GETTING ADVICE
FROM SCIENTISTS, INSTRUCTORS, AND DEANS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER
LEARNING, THE ENTIRE INTELLIGENTSIA OF RUSSIA, AND WITHOUT
PROCEEDING FROM THEIR VIEWS. WE WILL ONLY BE ABLE TO FIND WISE
SOLUTIONS TOGETHER.
ADMIN
(ENDALL) VM/COLLIER 01/1415Z DEC
BT
#7526
RTTUZYUW RUCWAAA7526 3362045 0081-UUUU
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UNCLASSIFIED
751
Saltykov Interviewed on Science Funding Efforts
The reorganization of state scientific and technical pro-
927A0192A Moscow IZVESTIYA (Morning edition)
grams of the former USSR and Russia is now under way. We
in Russian I Jun 92 p 2
should specify the priorities more clearly and update them
in conformity with the requirements of today and, what is
[Interview with Minister of Science, the Higher School, and
the main thing, the future. We should reject the former
Technical Policy of Russia Boris Georgiyevich Saltykov by
doctrine of competition with the entire world along the
IZVESTIYA science commentator Boris Konovalov; date
entire front of scientific research. We need more thorough
and place not given: "There Will Be Money for Science, But
integration with the world community. It is pointless to
There Will Not Be Enough for Everyone"-first paragraph
invest money in the directions, in which we have fallen
is IZVESTIYA introduction]
hopelessly behind.
[Text] The deplorable state of the financing of our science,
Abroad immediately after appointment I have actively
the possible loss of the still potent scientific potential of
sought sources of the financing of our basic science. This is
Russia, and the increase of the "brain drain" abroad are
first of all "explanatory work" among my colleagues-
causing anxiety. IZVESTIYA's science commentator asked
executives of science in the wealthy countries of the West. I
Minister of Science, the Higher School, and Technical
have been showing that now it is wise to help Russian
Policy of Russia Boris Georgiyevich Saltykov to tell what
science, if they think not about their own petty advantage,
way our of the forming situation the government sees.
by reinforcing several of their universities by enticing our
specialists, but as a whole about world science. Our scien-
[Saltykov] Most likely not everyone knows that in practice
tific schools belong not only to Russia, but also to the entire
two-thirds of the state allocations until 1985 were spent on
world, as does, for example, Tolstoy or Dostoyevskiy-this
military scientific and experimental design work. Now we
is not only Russian property, but also the property of all
have begun the demilitarization of the country, but the
mankind.
structure of science by its nature is conservative and inert, it
is changed with enormous difficulty. And the main thing is
In the West, it seems, they are beginning to understand the
that the consciousness of scientists, whom for decades they
importance of preserving the intellectual potential of Russia
accustomed to the fact that the state provides the money for
for the progress of civilization on the entire planet. Recently
everything, is being reformed very slowly. Now titled peti-
French President Mitterrand came forth with the initiative
tioners are coming to me in masses: There is an excellent
to establish a fund of the developed countries for the
development-give the money for implementation. When
support of basic research in Russia during this difficult time
you begin to ascertain what kind of development it is, it
for us. Many small funds of the West, including private
turns out that it is a new model of a tractor or, for example,
ones, are also prepared to help us.
a machine tool. But pardon me-what does the state have to
do with it? Why should the state support at the expense of
There will not be enough assets, of course, for everyone. It is
taxpayers one of the competing designs? If you have struck
necessary first of all to help the most intelligent, talented
a technical "vein of gold," go to a bank, get together a
people, and not to hand out "to all the sisters a pair of
earrings each." This, incidentally, will also be more fair. Let
financial group for its development, develop your own
us face it, in our science there are not only many talented
advanced, competitive product, and derive a profit.
people, but also much ignorance and mediocrity. Why
By large account the state should finance mainly basic
support the existence of this part of science?
science, which everyone needs and on the basis of which
technical applications grow.
[Konovalov] And what strategy has been selected for the
financing of sectorial, applied science? Here, after all, the
[Konovalov] But, unfortunately, today basic science is also
situation is also being aggravated by the fact that the process
destitute, many institutes are now on the verge of bank-
of the "sovereignization" of experimental and pilot works,
ruptcy. Scientists are not miners, not medical personnel,
which under the conditions of a "barren" market can live
and not teachers, their strikes will not affect the everyday
better alone than in a complex with scientific institutions,
interests of the population. Therefore, they actually can
has begun.
count only on the intellect and common sense of the
government
[Saltykov] Technological research funds of ministries,
departments, state concerns, and corporations are now
[Saltykov] We understand this, and the government is
being set up for the support of sectorial science, without
taking steps on the strength of its possibilities. During just
which, of course, scientific and technical progress is impos-
the first quarter of this year, while not yet having long-term
sible. There should be deducted for these funds 1.5 percent
allocations, we financed about 400 projects of basic and
of the product cost of all state enterprises. From each holder
VUZ science.
of these funds our ministry will take 25 percent for the
Now in conformity with the ukase of the president the
financing of intersectorial development. If this is not done,
Russian Basic Research Fund has been formed. Vice Presi-
it may "hang in the air," in spite of its particular importance
dent of the RAS [the Russian Academy of Sciences] A.A.
for the state.
Gonchar became its organizing director. But we do not
As for experimental and pilot works, now by the Ukase of
regard this fund as an academic fund. Its goal is not to
the president of Russia the possibility of their separation
finance the "signboards" of institutes, but to distribute on
from scientific institutes and associations has been checked.
the basis of independent expert evaluations grants to scien-
tists of any departmental affiliation. This will be a state, but
Of course, all these steps are of an administrative nature,
self-administered organization that carries out the selection
these are "crutches" for the sick organism of the old system.
of programs and projects on a competitive basis.
It is necessary to use economic methods which have a
152
self-adjusting capability. Of course, the future of the secto-
rial scientific institutions, which will be unable to survive
under the new conditions, is ruin or merging into industrial
and commercial structures, in which they should exist as
intrafirm science. But today enterprises do not have the
money for this, they have been forced in general to abandon
scientific and technical progress. Thus, in order not to
destroy science, it is necessary today to preserve it for
tomorrow, even if by administrative measures.
Although timidly, the use of economic levers of manage-
ment is also beginning. Thus, all scientific research and
experimental design operations, of which the state budget
serves as the primary source of financing, regardless of
through what "chain" they pass, are already exempt from
the value-added tax. We are preparing a decree $0 that
experimental and pilot works, if they separate from insti-
tutes, would be assessed taxes as purely industrial enter-
prises, while if they stay, they would receive privileges. We
are striving to see to it that all institutes, which change over
to the self-financing of research, as well as commercial
-structures, which invest assets in scientific and technical
progress, would enjoy preferential taxation.
[Konovalov] What is to be done with the giants of sectorial
science, like the Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute?
After all, their research, although it is applied research, in
essence is of a basic nature. Commercial structures will
hardly help such giants...
[Saltykov] Of course. It is planned to turn them into
National Scientific and Science and Technology Centers.
There will be a few of them-approximately 20-25. They
will be financed by a separate line in the state budget. The
first such center has already been established-the Institute
of Atomic Energy imeni I.V. Kurchatov, others are next.
But in sectorial science, in addition to them, there are a large
number of institutes with 500-600 associates-large ones by
western standards, which often openly engaged in the bor-
rowing and adaptation to our conditions of foreign technol-
ogies. The state is no longer capable of maintaining such
institutes.
It is necessary today to tell the truth, that for our generally
poor country we had science, which was too large and very
heterogeneous in efficiency. Yes, owing to the heroic efforts
of our scientists, engineers, and workers, who worked for a
starvation, by western standards, wage, we obtained a large
number of outstanding achievements and a good level in
many directions. But in far from all directions. And today
we can no longer invest assets in the "black hole" of weak
directions only on the grounds that abroad they are also
working here and we should not fall behind. Today there
will not be enough money for everyone. Therefore, it is
necessary to support the most intelligent and best people in
their field. Earlier they appealed endlessly for the combating
of mediocrity in science, now it is necessary to begin it. We
can no longer allow ourselves the luxury of supporting
science, as Mikhail Bulgakov said, of "second freshness."
Saltykov Interviewed on Science Funding
[Manucharova] Grants, just as other foreign benefits,
Problems
rarely fall to the lot of young scientists. How is one to
927A0094A Moscow IZVESTIYA in Russian
rejuvenate our science and to slow the process of the
brain drain?
9 Jan 92 p 2
[Saltykov] The aging of science is an objective process.
[Interview with Russian Minister Boris Georgiyevich
Scientists do not share their laboratories with their
Saltykov by IZVESTIYA correspondent Yevgeniya
students and remain (willing or not!) monopolists in
Manucharova; date and place not given: "Boris
their themes. The hidden economic motive of academic
Saitykov: It Is Advantageous To Be Free. The Russian
monopolism lies in this.
Minister Answers Questions on Business in Science"-
first two paragraphs are IZVESTIYA introduction
But with the introduction of normal market relations in
[Text] "If you cannot give money, give us freedom. And
scientific structures much will change. People, who are
capable of setting up innovation firms, are now also
do not interfere." This is the usual demand of energetic
people to governments. We will also act precisely this
engaged in this. And this will not be any tragedy for
way: There is no money in the budget, but the intention
of the government to give scientists freedom is firm. In
science. Some commercial firms are operating very suc-
many respect the "concept of the rescue of science,"
cessfully. (They are developing new tools, including
about which you are asking, is based on this, Russian
medical instruments, and equipment.) People with orga-
Minister Boris Georgiyevich Saltykov said.
nizing skill are going there.
But at scientific research institutes there are also people
Freedom in the understanding of Saltykov, a convinced
of another type. Science itself is their goal and joy. Even
"market advocate" (not without reason after the
with today's impoverishment they are not seeking com-
Moscow Physical Technical Institute did he go through
mercial success. Although the influx to scientific
the school of our most prominent economists at the
research institutes of young people of this type is now
Central Institute of Economics and Mathematics), pre-
small. And the objective demand for them has now
sumes the freedom of actions of not only those who need
decreased.
money, but also those who can finance science.
[Manucharova] Thus, are we easily letting talented
[Saltykov] I will make every effort so that the enterprises
people go beyond the cordon?
and funds, which will finance science, would have pref-
erential taxation. Domestic commercial structures (a
[Saltykov] We are. And it cannot be otherwise. The
large amount of paper money has been amassed there)
"drain" is not yet the greatest misfortune. In the present
and foreign sponsors can be among them. I am trying to
urgent situation it (at least somehow!) is still making it
conduct the most vigorous propaganda among all poten-
possible to preserve the intellectual potential of the
tial investors, but, I must admit, for the present there are
nation. Better for them to be there than nowhere. But we
few who want to: Scientific development (especially
are trying to find various (including commercial) means
basic research) does not promise a rapid return on
of interesting people in work in the homeland. If you
money. And still both Europe and the United States are
know of any other opportunities, let me know. We are
proposing to give our scientists aid.
open to new ideas. And we know: They originate not in
ministerial corridors.
Perhaps, the Debt Forgiveness Project is most practi-
[Manucharova] Can the powerful scientific complex,
cable and interesting. It is proposed that we repay the
which is busy with truly new scientific ideas, operate
United States not the entire amount of credit that is
without budget supply?
granted to us. They will knock off from it for us such a
sum as we spend in ruble equivalent on the development
[Saltykov] They are actually operating in all countries
of basic science. As if we would be spending the money
And they will in ours. The Central Aerohydrodynamics
in the interests of the Americans themselves. And in
Institute imeni N.Ye. Zhukovskiy intends to be an
essence this is also true: All mankind needs the results of
independent structure. Of course, a certain courage is
such research.
needed to make up one's mind. After all, only once in
five to seven years does there appear in research com-
But this is in the future. While now common grants with
plexes such an intellectual product, in which it is profit-
Americans-sums for specific special-purpose
able to deal. That is why large research centers, if the
research-are saving us. They have been allocated by the
state does not maintain them, exist not due to their main
U.S. National Science Foundation.
product, but due to the fact that they produce at the same
time mass-produced items. The Central Aerohydrody-
[Manucharova] Is Russia not forming its own basic
namics Institute imeni N.Ye. Zhukovskiy, for example,
science fund?
has the opportunity to use its unique experimental
equipment for commercial services.
[Saltykov] It will exist. But a small one. Initially it will be
[Manucharova] Small science business has now blos-
difficult to organize the distribution of these assets-for
somed in our country. What incidental jobs do they
an adjusted system of examination, a skilled staff, and
have? For they simply deal in new technologies and
experience do not yet exist. Now only a data bank on
ideas. Are they their own?
specialists, who can become independent experts, is
being developed.
252
[Saltykov] No, for the present it is beyond their power to
The level of the rector and the level of the charter-this
develop a new intellectual product. Small innovation
is what determines the life of the modern university.
firms for the present are intermediaries. They are also
becoming rich on that. But they are useful. After all,
[Manucharova] Thus, Moscow State University will live
usually (during the distant times of stagnation) the
like the Academy of Sciences. They have given it, it
periods of the introduction of scientific developments
would seem, independence. However, they did not keep
were dragged out for 10-12 years. While a year, half a
it on a money leash-on financing. A final question: Will
year, or else five months are sufficient for the new firms.
Russia shut itself up in its own scientific programs or will
They act promptly on the buying up of components and
it do business with the sovereign neighbors?
on the enlistment of the needed specific people and
conclude profitable contracts namely with them. The
[Saltykov] Academician Paton, president of the
next stage is the switch to the open buying up of
Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, was the first,
advanced technologies. And it has already begun. Now it
perhaps, to understand the necessity of our cooperation
is possible to shut one's eyes to the stealing of state
and took steps against the narrowing of the front of
intellectual property. For it will remain on our territory.
scientific work. He turned to us with the idea of con-
tinuing the joint program on the development of new
[Manucharova] Again the state is out a pretty penny.
materials (he is the leader in this area). Russia, like any
And it still does not have laws on the protection of
civilized state, is not setting limits for its science.
intellectual property
[Saltykov] The laws will begin to work. But still it is not
a matter of protective measures. A different system of
the organization of large communities of scientists is
needed-only they can both generate new ideas and
develop such an intellectual product, which will sell on
the world market. But they should not count forever on
intermediary firms. Such a thing does not exist in the
world. And they should not count on sponsors-large
industrialists. Wealthy firms rarely conclude contracts
with any research collective, thereby giving it means of
subsistence. They have their own in-house laboratories
for this.
[Manucharova] Did you come to give science free rein?
And higher education as well? Can the educational
institution itself formulate programs of instruction?
[Saltykov] It can. But some standard of the demands on
specialists is needed. Given the opportunity to carry out
freely teaching in accordance with various (at times very
dissimilar) programs and courses it is important to
maintain a high level. For the present it is too early to
abolish state certification of courses and instructors (I
did not use a very apt verb, but the idea, I think, is clear):
And it is too early for the present to abolish the idea of
the Higher Certification Commission. We pay for the
labor of professors from the state budget and should be
certain that they deserve that. Therefore, a certificate,
which testifies to one's skill, is also necessary. But it is
necessary, of course, to improve the Higher Certification
Commission.
[Manucharova] Once again control over the controller!
But will there really not be independent scientific insti-
tutions?
[Saltykov] The more of them there will be, the better.
Soon Moscow State University will become an indepen-
dent university. Although not fully It is autonomous.
But still a state university. The approval of the person of
the rector will go through several stages. The scientific
council will elect him, the board of trustees will consider
the candidate, while the government will finally approve
him. This is normal. The state pays the money and
should be certain that a worthy scientist directs the
university.
351
Saltykov on Science, Market Economy
Moreover. i: IS necessary to provide a portion of the
917A0020.4 Moscow KOMMUNIST in Russian No 14.
scientists with economic conditions of work also "with-
Sep 90 pp 25-33-FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
out a director."
The concept of the radical reorganization of science
[Article by Candidate of Economic Sciences Boris
seemed most simple-freedom, democracy, a market.
Saltykov, head of a department of the Institute of Eco-
Some people. it is true, called simply for "order," but
nomics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technical
among scientists such people were an: obvious minority.
Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences, under the
rubric "Scientific and Technical Progress": "Science and
Glasnost. while undoubtedly having broadened the
the Market. A Compatibility Check"]
framework of political and intellectual freedoms, in itself
was unable to ensure economic democracy in science.
[Text] The crisis of society. to which the many years of
Decisions are needed here. Three documents: "The Law
domination of the administrative command system led,
on the State Enterprise," the decree of the CPSU Central
turned out to be total-all its social institutions.
Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers "On the
including science, education, and culture, stopped devel-
Changeover of Science to Cost Accounting and Self-
oping and in some way also became degraded.
Financing." and "The Law on Cooperation in the
The labor-intensive, inefficient type of "production,"
USSR." became the starting points on the road to the
which is based on the use of relatively cheap. often
formation of a new character of our science. Without
unskilled personnel, was always characteristic of our
discussing the details of these acts. let us point out the
science. The shortage of means of the automation of
fundamentally new things that were introduced by them
research was traditionally compensated for by the attrac-
in the mechanism of the functioning of science.
tion of additional personnel, including creative per-
First, the principle of self-organization was implemented
sonnel. Here, in spite of the wavelike type of develop-
to a certain degree-scientists and engineers now have
ment. which is natural for science; and the "fading
the opportunity to set up on their own initiative scien-
away" of individual directions. we were devoted to the
tific and technical cooperatives. temporary creative col-
social dogma of the need to maintain the entire man-
lectives, associations, unions. and so forth.
power potential that had been accumulated in research
structures.
Second. there was removed from state control the mech-
Domestic science was developed in conformity with a
anism of the formation of the price for the scientific and
reproduction model of the extensive type. when the
technical product. The latter became a subject of the
dynamics of the development of new directions could be
contract between the client and the performer.
maintained only by large (six-eight percent and more a
Third. the overall control on the part of departments
year) increases of the number of scientific personnel.
over the network of existing scientific organizations was
Motivations and stimuli for an appreciable outflow from
reduced (but thus far has not been completely lifted). A
science of middle-aged personnel (30-45), who had not
portion of the powers of administrative organs were
found themselves in creative activity, were !acking. In
passed "down"-to head scientific research institutes or
the United States, for example, a considerable share of
councils, which are responsible for the formulation of
such people leave for business, freeing up room for
progran...
young scientists. In our country the rate of the natural
replacement (rotation) of personnel depended almost
Finally, practically all the restrictions on the amount of
entirely on the rate of retirement. This peculiarity of the
the individual wage (more precisely, income) in the
reproduction mechanism played a fatal role in the last
sphere of research and design activity were removed,
10-15 years, when the growth rate of personnel decreased
including by the repeal of the majority of bans on the
to one and a half-two percent percent a year. As a result,
holding of more than one job.
the development of many new directions became impos-
sible-there were not enough young talented scientists.
The consequences of these decisions were significant and
Such a situation in science also signified stagnation in
ambiguous.
the literal sense of the word.
The new extradepartmental scctor of science appeared
Glasnost spilled onto the pages of newspaper: and jour-
and is continuing to grow rapidly. By early 1990 more
nals with thousands of opinions, appraisals, and sugges-
than 320,000 people, who performed in 1989 work and
tions on the reorganization of science, which were not
services worth more than 3 billion rubles, worked in
screened by bureaucrats. The introduction of the statute
scientific and technical cooperatives. Temporary cre-
on the electivity of directors of scientific research insti-
ative collectives, which worked under the aegis of centers
tutes was its first conquest, but today this principle no
of the scientific and technical creativity of youth, during
longer seems to be an unequivocal attribute of democ-
the same period completed work worth approximately I
racy. The guarantee of the real freedom of choice by the
billion rubles. The total amount of work, which was paid
scientist of the direction of his research, that is. the
for by clients, of the new sector (with allowance made for
choice of an organization or fund (including foreign
scientific and technical societies and cost accounting
ones), which could finance his theme. is more important.
centers) came to approximately s billion rubles.
352
Of course, the payment for intermediary services, which
which regulate the interrelations of the subjects of scien-
are usually regarded as speculation, made up a signifi-
tific and technical activity, and without having demol-
cant part of this amount. However, it is impossible not to
ished the monopoly structures in science and the
admit that in many respects owing to " e "resale" of
economy, we allowed 10 be done what was not prohib-
computers by cooperatives and jc int ventures a real
ited. Bit it turned out that today in our country nothing
marke: of these machines and, in part, software appeared
is prohibited!
in the USSR for the first time. In some one and one
half-two years hundre ds of thousands of personal com-
It is appropriate to recall an incident which, they say,
puters were brought into the country. As a result. we
happened to P. Kapitsa during his stay in England. One
succeeded in catching hold of the step of the train
of the firms brought him in as a consultant to help start
rushing by us into the information society. If today many
up a steam turbine. P. Kapitsa after careful examination
young scientists, designers. managers, and even under-
of the machine asked for a s'edge hammer and hit a spot
graduates cannot imagine work without a "PC," this,
known only to him. The rotor began to turn. He specified
alas, is not owing to the state computerization program.
his fee as 1,000 pounds. The clients were astounded: "A
thousand pounds for one blow with a sledge hammer?"
"For the blow-one pound, and 999 to find out where to
Small mobile structures of the extradepartmental sector
hit," the future academician replied.
quickly filled those "niches" of scientific and technical,
engineering, and intermediary activity, for which the
Unfortunately, today we often pay not to find out
state had not time. In the sphere of research and devel-
something new, but for blows with a sledge hammer. By
opment (NIOKR) features of competition appeared, the
the piece it is 1,000 for each blow. Indeed, many scien-
prices for many types of jobs and services, which are
tific research institutes and design organizations are
offered by collectives of the extradepartmental sector,
selling standardized methods and other stand materials
are less than those of state organizations. while the time
at a price of tens of thousands of rubles, while just
of their completion is several fold less. There has
yesterday they went for a ruble each.
decreased appreciably in the last year the amount of the
"commission" (from 40 to 15 percent). which cost
When introducing elements of a market economy, we
accounting collectives charge for the rendering of ser-
often did not take into account the specific nature of
vices-this market is getting tight.
scientific and technical activity. First, the information
nature of its results makes it possible to duplicate them
Dramatic changes occurred in the dynamics of the
practically without additional expenditures-a situation
remuneration of the labor of personnel of the sphere of
that is absolutely impossible in physical production.
research and development, moreover, not only in its
Thus, with the introduction of commodity-money rela-
cooperative sector. For the first time in many decades
tions in the scientific and technical sphere chances for
the growth rate of the wage in science and scientific
deriving superprofits are appearing. Second, due to the
service was the highest among the sectors of the national
unique nature of the jobs and the high degree of uncer-
economy and industry, having come in 1989 to about 40
tainty and risk in science it is possible to "calculate"
percent! Whereas prior to 1986 jokes about the level of
formally any production cost. Indeed, in the last two
income of scientific personnel and engineers were a
years ministries and departments have changed on four
commonplace of variety reprises, today another question
occasions the methods of monitoring the wage fund at
has begun to worry many people: For what are they
scientific research institutes, tying it now to the profit-
receiving such money?
ability, now to the growth rates of the amount of work,
now to more ingenious indicators. Everything is futile,
for if a free contractual price is introduced, only the lack
Of course, it is possible to understand why people with a
of assets of the clients of scientific research institutes and
higher education, who knew how to do nearly the same
design bureaus-enterprises and the state-could stop
thing that their foreign colleagues do, but in contrast to
the increase of their revenues. But precisely this time an
the latter for long years were in a humiliating material
enormous amount of money not backed by goods had
position, suddenly rushed to earn money (a year ago the
accumulated in the development funds of enterprises,
wage of a doctor of sciences in our country came to
therefore, they were willing to pay any price for jobs that
400-500 rubles, while in the United States similar spe-
if only in some way were useful to them. The sharp
cialists earn in a month $4,000-5,000, while at presti-
increase of the amounts of research and developed
gious universities they earn one and one half-to-two fold
during 1988-1989 in many respects is explained pre-
more). It is possible to understand, but it is impossible to
cisely by the increase of prices. At the same time the state
recognize the present situation in science as normal, for
budget during 1988-1989 also "threw" hundreds of
the laws of the wild steppe frontier—everyone takes as
millions of rubles into the academic and higher eduça-
much as he can "make off with"-prevail in it.
tional institution [VUZ] sectors.
The reason, in our opinion, is that, having begun to
In itself this step was correct, but the second step was not
move toward a market, without having prepared the
taken-the inefficient mechanism of distributing these
conditions for the emergence of a demand for efficient
assets was not changed. The existence in the structure of
innovations, without having passed a whole set of laws,
science of a large number of monopolies, or, in other
353
words, the obvious inadequacy of the number of com-
existence of monopolies owing to vigorous legal support
pcting producers of scientific and technical products, is,
on the part of the system is often determined by the
undoubtedly, the basis of the latter.
maximum age of its leader.
The administrative system, which was based on the
By checking the timely development of alternative
means of scientific and technical research, monopolism
leitmotif of power relations between the subjects of the
national economy and the centralized distribution of
gives rise to colossal losses, which are connected with
"insufficiently obtained" new knowledge in science and
resources, created ideal conditions for the origination
a enormous missed profit in the economy. Economic
and long-term preservation of monopolies.
subjects in such a system are deprived of the right to
choose the most effective economic solutions and are
Departmentalism, in case of which the sphere of research
forced to use only the technologies and products, which
and development was divided among a small number of
monopoly producers make available to it.
supermonopolies with a closed reproduction cycle (that
is, with their own systems of the training of scientific and
Of course, it is impossible not to acknowledge that owing
engineering personnel, material and technical supply,
to the reform in the last two years in many fields of
capital construction, and so on), was the main structure-
research and development the intensity of the labor of
forming factor of our science (as. incidentally, of the
scientists and engineers increased, the density of the
economy as well). Here the large monopolist scientific
utilization of working time rose, and the possibilities of
research institute, which was closely connected with its
the choice of directions and types of activity and, as a
ministry (department) and in practice did not depend
result, the possibilities of self-realization broadened.
either on consumers or on the remaining scientific
Owing to the sharp increase of the wage in science the
community, was the most typical subject of scientific
appeal of a purely administrative career decreased.
and technical activity.
although at the same time the formal status characteris-
tics of personnel were devalued. For example, today an
Monopolism in science is holding its ground owing to the
associate of a sectorial scientific research institute, who,
officially secured right of any scientific school to engage
by taking advantage of market conditions, duplicates
in the development of a specific scientific direction
simple articles, can easily exceed the wage of a director of
(method of research). Such a monopoly, being, as a rule,
an academic institute (600 rubles a month).
based from the start on the actual authority of the leader
of the school, was legitimized by means of the institution
However, unfortunately, the real changes in the structure
of "head" scientific institutions, which were given the
of scientific and technical activity do not corresponding
right to coordinate the activity of the collectives working
to the scale of the "financial revolution" that is taking
in this field.
place in science. The main reason is that, in spite of the
liberalization of the command system, thus far it has not
been possible to change radically the reproduction mech-
In practice such a scientific research institute has a large
anisms of our science. The distribution of assets of the
number of rights: the selection of themes for inclusion in
state budget for research and development for the most
the plan and their priority financing; the purposive
part, as before, takes place through the old hierarchical
formation of scientific successors through graduate
structures, the introduction of basic research programs at
studies, the establishment of base chairs, the develop-
the USSR Academy of Sciences merely strengthened the
ment of textbooks; the subjective evaluation of the
monopoly position of the corresponding head institutes.
results of its own and others' works through academic,
The "easy" money of clients prevented the selection of
scientific, and expert councils that are controlled by it.
the most efficient research groups and enabled scientific
Through the press organ of the head institute, of which,
research institutes to keep all the associates, including
as a rule, its director is the editor in chief, the purposive
the "ballast." The "ritual" financing of obsolete and
regulation of the flow of publications takes place. More-
dead-end directions together with their honored leaders
over, the scientific monopoly often has priority access to
continued.
not only departmental, but also statewide scientific pub-
lishing houses. Finally, the last, but by no means unim-
The fact that the system of labor relations and hiring has
portant factor of the maintenance of the monopoly is
not been changed, is also contributing to the retention of
control over international relations in the sphere of its
"ballast." We continue to talk about the necessity of the
interests.
sharp intensification of labor, by counting on material
stimuli, but forget here that the existence of a labor
Thus, the monopoly of the scientific (or design) school,
market is the main characteristic of an efficient
while emerging as a purely "technological" monor oly,
economy.
on the basis of the possession of new knowledge, in the
administrative system degenerates into a legal
It is possible to define the formula of labor activity in the
monopoly. Under the conditions of democracy and a
administrative command system with one phrase: It is
market economy technological monopolies collapse rel-
disadvantageous to work well here, but it is possible to
ativelv quickly in connection with the development of
work poorly with impunity. Whereas we have begun
new directions. In a command economy the time of
little by little to reverse its first part, we have not even
354
gotten started on the reconstruction of the second part.
planning of the routine of the work week. The system of
Meanwhile it is impossible to carry out perestroyka in
office and library days was one of the articles of this
our science in such a way that no one would suffer. The
contract in science.
radical modernization of the structure of the front of
scientific research, the cutting back of old directions, and
Today not so much the exceeding of the reasonable
the initiation of work in the most advanced directions
amounts of the stealing of working time as double
are of prime importance for the increase of its efficiency.
payment for it-by both the state and the free client-
But this maneuver should inevitably lead to unemploy-
has become the most typical violation. The latter is
ment, if only structural unemployment. Even in the very
connected with the problem of the ownership of the
mobile U.S. economy in 1986 of the 2.32 million scien-
scientific and technical product.
tists, who made up the overall market of scientific labor,
44,100 (1.9 percent) were counted as unemployed, while
In so-called pure or basic science the problem of owner-
about 100,000 (4.3 percent) were forced to work an
ship was solved long ago by the scientific community at
incomplete workday or where their knowledge and skill
the ethical (and in part the commercial) level by means
were not needed. Thus, the total forced "underutiliza-
of the institution of the copyright. Owing to the "non-
tion" of scientists came to 6.2 percent. In our country the
commodity nature" of its results anyone can use them
painful processes of the formation of a labor market in
freely as general property-it is necessary merely to cite
the author.
the sphere of research and devèlopment can be moder-
ated by the transfer of a portion of the scientists and
It is a different matter in the commercial sector of
engineers to the sector of consulting, engineering, and
science, where a new result promises its possessor an
intermediary services, which just yesterday was lacking,
enormous profit. And when the initiative of a novice
but is now growing rapidly.
entrepreneur bursts into our economy with state (and,
hence, nobody's) ownership, only strict regulations of the
The paradox of the present situation consists in the fact
possession, disposal, and use of intellectual products
that in large cities regional markets of scientific labor
(including know-how). which are developed with the
have already appeared, but these are markets of "second
assets of various subjects of scientific and technical
employment." We mean the hundreds of thousands of
activity, can save us from chaos and robbery.
scientists and engineers, who work under contracts and
labor agreements with organizations of the extradepart-
Today much is being written about the "commercializa-
mental sector. Here the labor formula of the command
tion" of science. incorporating in this term only a
economy has been completely abolished: The client
negative meaning. Indeed, the process of the active
carries out control by the ruble, while the performer
search by science for additional orders, which is new for
answers for a job with his reputation. It is possible to
us, but is natural, has appeared. Unfortunately, for the
order the work you need from one or several specialists,
present this is connected only with the aspiration to
and not to hire as a "trailer" an entire institute. At the
increase the personal wage.
same time i large portion of the performers in this sector
are not taking a risk, inasmuch as they have an "armored
In a free enterprise economy every subject strives to
back"-their basic place of work.
consolidate his position on the market and to find
unoccupied "niches." Such a motivation induces him to
Using the now popular terminology, it is possible to
invest considerable resources in the development of
speak about the actual emergence of a "second," or
scientific reserves. In our country, on the contrary, when
"shadow," science, more precisely, an entire innovation
making economic decisions short-range criteria and first
sector. Here what is meant is not the crime-producing
of all the maximization of current consumption pre-
nature of the activity of its subjects (here there are by no
vailed; here a larger and larger portion of the resources of
means more crimes than in any other part of the econ-
our science is being diverted from exploratory work.
omy), but its practically complete removal from the
In many respects this is explained by the overall political
sphere of accounting and control of state organs. Owing
and economic instability, by the inconsistency of the
to the gaping breaches in our legislation today it is
decisions being made by the government, and, in part, by
possible here to engage legally in the embezzlement of
the aspiration of a number of subjects (particularly in the
working time, materials, equipment, and, of course, a
finished product.
extradepartmental sector) to accumulate primary capital
and to acquire economic independence.
In the USSR national economy a "social contract"
Here we are approaching, in my opinion, the key factor
between employees and employers with respect to the
that explains the failures of a number of sensible changes
permitted amounts of stealing of working time always
in our science. The point is that we attempted to develop
existed. In science this was a means of supplementing by
a new economic mechanism by means of a single stan-
payment in kind the wretched rates, which it was impos-
dardized tool that is equally suited for the entire sphere
sible to increase without violating the pale of bans.
of research and development. However, when Pascal
Everyone was perfectly aware that, by permitting an
asserted that there is no applied and basic science, but
associate to hold another job during "nonworking" time,
there is only one Science, he had in mind the value of its
the normal director was giving him carte blanche in the
results. From an economic standpoint there are two
355
essentially different sectors in it-the nonprofit (condi-
in the direction of this shortcoming, while the role of the
tionally the basic) sector, which works for the good of all
"invisible college" in it has practically been reduced to
of society, and the commercial sector, the subjects of
naught. World experience has shown that the allocation
which in one way or another are oriented toward the
of resources "against a name" is the best method here,
development of a commodity for the market.
therefore, only a community of specialists, who know
each other, in a given direction of research regardless of
These blocks of science have not been assembled into
their place of work can make the decision on the
some specialized organizational structures. For example,
financing of a project.
a purely commercial enterprise can belong to the
Academy of Sciences, while a ministry can establish a
The systems of the financing of science, which are based
nonprofit university. With the development of joint-
precisely on the appraisals of colleagues, are well known
stock forms of ownership the feature of departmental
(for example, the one used by the U.S. National Science
subordination will lose meaning all together.
Foundation). Several years ago we together will a
number of scientists proposed to establish the USSR
The boundary between the blocks is determined
State Basic Research Fund for the financing of explor-
according to other attributes. In them the criteria of the
atory operations in the form of grants. Today this idea is
functioning of the subjects of activity, the labor motiva-
close to practical implementation. The Ukase of USSR
tions of personnel, the systems of values, and even the
President M.S. Gorbachev of 23 August 1990, "On the
norms of economic behavior are substantially different.
Status of the USSR Academy of Sciences," among the
Therefore, in spite of the fact that the general concept of
other assignments to the USSR Council of Ministers
perestroyka-freedom, democracy, and a market of
envisages within a month to specify "the procedure and
competing producers and consumers-remains accept-
time of the formation of the all-union state-budget basic
able for the entire sphere of research and development,
research fund" and to draft the statute on it. In light of
the specific methods of the organization, management,
what was said earlier one should ensure the indepen-
and financing of operations for each sector should be
dence and extradepartmental nature of such a fund Its
different.
director should be appointed by the President or
Institutes of the nonprofit sector are intended for the
USSR Supreme Soviet, while scientific policy shoul
generation and dissemination of knowledge in the inter-
formulated by the Council of the fund, which consi:
ests of all of society end, therefore, should mainly be
scientists who are recognized in the country and If
world.
financed at the expense of the state or charitable foun-
dations. This does not mean that they cannot have a
The financing of projects by the fund in accordance with
profit from the jobs performed under contracts with
the criteria of maximum scientific effectiveness would
clients. but they should use it only for the purposes of
make it possible to support our highest quality, elite
developing the organization, and not in the name of
science, which is the basic locomotive of scientific
dividends of the owners or the increase of the incomes of
progress.
managers.
An active policy, which is aimed at the demonopoliza-
An "idealistic" type of motivation (the aspiration for the
tion of science, the support of competitive projects, and
truth) is characteristic of the personnel of this sector-
the encouragement of joint work of VUZ and academic
scientists, therefore, here it does not make sense to
scientists, should also become an important task of the
devise refined systems of stimulation "for the result." In
fund.
order not to incite them to additional extra earnings and
to ensure the sound reproduction of manpower, the wage
The development also of other-public and private-
should be increased by at least twofold and its indexing
charitable foundations, the facilitation of the procedures
should be introduced. In relative indicators this would
of the conclusion by our scientists of contracts with
correspond approximately to the status of science in the
foreign centers, as well as the obtaining of subsidies and
system of sectors of the national economy in the early
grants from them-all this will help to create in our basic
1960's. Here with the appearance of competition and
science self-reproducing antimonopoly mechanisms.
new methods of the financing and development of enter-
prise the number of scientific personnel in the sector in
In the commercial sector of science its excessive monop-
the next few years could be reduced by 10-15 percent.
olization is also the basic obstacle for the increase of
quality, the decrease of prices, and the shortening of the
Inasmuch as the scientist or the small group is the main
time of development. It is necessary for the state not to
character in basic science, the effectiveness of the use of
fight, out to stimulate the formation of information,
resources depends to an enormous degree on the
consulting, and other intermediary structures, which
methods of financing.
create a culture medium for the development of compe-
tition.
The system of the distribution of resources cannot be
effective (and fair), if the people making the decisions
In contrast to "pure" science the entrepreneurial moti-
are directly interested in obtaining them. But the present
vation of the personnel of this sector and the aspiration
arrangement of financing-state-department-
to establish their own business are the main catalyst of
institute-scientist"-at nearly every stage errs precisely
innovation activity. It is naive to expect the acceleration
356
of scientific and technical progress, if we. as before.
Today everything has intermingled in the crowded
encourage our enthusiast-innovator with a coupon-
temple of our science-both the true priests and the
certificate concerning the fact that he invented some-
artisan merchants. Let us take them to their homes and
thing valuable and this valuable thing now belongs to the
return science to the scientist and business to the entre-
state. Individual obstinate people (like S. Fedorov). who.
preneur. Both are important for our well-being, if only
after all, are succeeding in becoming genuine Soviet
each would do his own work professionally.
entrepreneurs, for the present, unfortunately. do not
affect the mat'er.
In favor of the fact that it is possible to treat inventors
differently, let us cite just one textbook example. In the
1970's two Americans S. Jobs and S. Woznial. devel-
oped in a home garage the first personal computer and in
1977 founded Apple Computer, the revenue of which in
1982 already came to $600 million. In the United States.
according to some estimates, in the middle o the 1990's
more than 70,000 scientific and technical fir I which
several tens of thousands were small vehicle firms,
appeared annually. These venture firms, large portion
of which will be ruined in the first five years. neverthe-
less play the indispensable role of scouts and testers of
new commodities and technologies. For their support
vast venture capital, the annual increases of which now
exceed $4 billion, has been accumulated in the United
States. The small-scale innovation business is a funda-
mental supplement to the network of major corporations
and together with them ensures 2 high rat. of replace-
ment of equipment and technology.
If we have decided to convert to an onomy of equal
and free entrepreneurs, we will h ": to give up many
ideological dogmas and stereotypes. One must not
frighten the people with Soviet millionaires-not the fact
that they have appeared, but the fact that they, as before,
have nothing to use their money for, is frightening. Many
scientific and technical cooperatives and cost accounting
centers could already tomorrow invest assets in the
development and output of science-invensive products.
This is one of the most mobile, skilled sectors of our
economy, which are ready to enter the market. However,
legal guarantees of innovative, including private. enter-
prise and, of course, large-scale financial assistance are
needed to put it into operation.
It is well known that an overwhelming portion of our
innovation potential is concentrated in the sectorial and
first of all the defense sector of science. The methods of
its perestroyka are the theme of a special discussion, but
it seems important to us to stress the following. One
must not limit its perestroyka to the transition to the tax
regulation of existing ministerial scientific complexes.
New sectorial structures, yet not power structures, but
financial and economic structures: innovation funds and
banks, analytical forecasting and information centers,
and so forth, should emerge in place of ministries. The
scientific and technical organizations of today's minis-
tries are called upon to become independent subjects of
our national economy-state, joint-stock, and leasing
subjects, while a portion of them are also called upon to
become joint subjects with foreign firms. There cannot
be a general formula here.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
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04. Report
Russia's Political Situation (1 pp.)
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3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
Date Closed:
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Economic Trends in Russia (3 pp.)
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(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
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P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
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(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
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personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
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06. Report
Russian S&T Developments (2 pp.)
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Series:
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3rd Joint Council Meeting, Basic Sciences Agreement [Dec 15-16, 1992] [1 of 3]
Date Closed:
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OA/ID Number:
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P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
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and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.