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All rights reserved. No part of this book
may be reproduced, in any form or by any
means, without permission in writing
from the National Communications
System.
FOREWORD
T
he Fiscal Year (FY) 92 National Communications System (NCS) Annual Report, which is sub-
mitted to the Executive Office of the President (EOP), presents an overview of the Nation's
national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommunications status. The report
summarizes major NCS plans, programs, and activities; highlights the NS/EP telecommunication accom-
plishments of NCS member organizations; and provides recommendations concerning critical NS/EP
telecommunication issues.
Continued interagency cooperation among the 23 NCS member organizations was essential to many
of the achievements described in the report. Active member participation in the Committee of Principals,
Council of Representatives, and the NCS Vision 21 strategic planning effort is key to ensuring that timely
and comprehensive interagency advice and recommendations reach the EOP.
The contributions of the President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee
(NSTAC) and its subordinate bodies were equally important for the success of NS/EP telecommunica-
tion activities over the past year. The NSTAC ensured that a telecommunications industry perspective
was presented to the President and considered by the NCS in NS/EP telecommunications planning.
The past year was one of significant challenge and opportunity as the NCS responded to a changing
technological and geopolitical environment. In meeting the challenges and exploiting the opportunities,
the National Level NS/EP Telecommunications Program was restructured to capture and use emerging
state-of-the-art network technology that is being implemented by the commercial telecommunication
carriers. Several other NCS programs also took advantage of new and evolving technologies, such as wire-
less and advanced intelligent networks, and incorporated them into NS/EP telecommunications planning.
All of these efforts seek to capitalize on commercial off-the-shelf technology to provide infrastructure
enhancements in support of NS/EP missions.
In meeting the challenges of a new geopolitical environment, the NCS assumed many non-tradi-
tional roles, while at the same time focusing on its primary mission. Over the past year, the NCS through
its National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications demonstrated its ability to marshal the
resources of the Federal Government and the telecommunications industry in supporting humanitarian
aid missions abroad (PROVIDE COMFORT), while at the same time effectively responding to several
natural disasters at home (HURRICANE ANDREW).
Looking to the future, the success of the NCS will continue to be strongly tied to the unique joint
industry-Government partnership embodied by the cooperation of the NCS and NSTAC. This partner-
ship helps to ensure that critical NS/EP telecommunication requirements are met while working coopera-
tively to strengthen the Nation's Information Management infrastructure.
alongo Ethorth
ALONZO E. SHORT, JR.
Lieutenant General, USA
Manager
an
NATIONAL
STATE
Mr. B.E. Morriss
Deputy Manager
of
COL Victor W. Bowser, USA
Assistant to the Deputy Manager
Dr. Dennis Bodson
Mr. Kenneth B. Boheim
Col Leroy M. Faust, USAF
CAPT Dennis I. Parsons, USN
Mr. James G. Bittner
Assistant Manager
Assistant Manager
Assistant Manager
Assistant Manager
Chief
Technology and Standards
Plans and Programs
Emergency Preparedness
Joint Secretariat
Financial Management Office
COMMITTEE OF PRINCIPALS
FY92
Department of State
Department of Treasury
Department of Defense
Department of Justice
Mr. Warren E. Littrel
Mr. Steven W. Broadbent
Mr. John G. Grimes
Mr. Roger M. Cooper
Department of the Interior
United States
Department of Commerce
Department of Health and
Mr. James P. Jadlos
Department of Agriculture
Mr. Thomas W. Zetty
Human Services
Dr. John L. Okay
Dr. Neil J. Stillman
Department of
Department of Energy
Department of
Joint Staff
Transportation
Mr. Raymond S. Barrow
Veterans Affairs
VADM Richard C. Macke,
Ms. Cynthia C. Rand
Mr. Sherman L. Naidorf
USN
General Services
United States
National Aeronautics and
Federal Emergency
Administration
Information Agency
Space Administration
Management Agency
Mr. Michael L. Corrigan
Mr. Orris F. Gilmore, Jr.
Mr. Charles T. Force
Mr. Bruce J. Campbell
Federal Communications
Nuclear Regulatory
United States Postal Service
Federal Reserve Board
Commission
Commission
Mr. Richard D. Weirich
Ms. Louise L. Roseman
Mr. Alan R. McKie
Mr. Gerald F. Cranford
National Security Agency
National
Mr. John W. Saadi
Telecommunications and
Information Administration
Not Pictured:
Mr. Richard D. Parlow
Mr. Donald L. Miller, Central Intelligence Agency
NCS COUNCIL OF
REPRESENTATIVES
FY92
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Department of Defense
Department of Justice
Mr. William E. Bischoff
Mr. William H. Wunderlich
Mr. J. Robert Anderson
Mr. Donald E. Josephs
Department of
United States
Department of Commerce
Department of Health and
the Interior
Department of Agriculture
Mr. Jorome T. Gibbon
Human Services
Mr. James E. Dolezal
Mr. Robert D. Johnson
Mr. Frank J. Campbell
Department of
Department of Energy
Department of
Joint Staff
Transportation
Mr. Robert M. Lewis
Veterans Affairs
CAPT James R. Porter,
Ms. Nancy H. Correia
Mr. Howard D. Boyd
USN
General Services
United States Information
National Aeronautics and
Federal Emergency
Administration
Agency
Space Administration
Management Agency
Mr. George F. Flynn, Jr.
Mr. Orris F. Gilmore, Jr.
Mr. Arthur L.C. Sigust
Mr. Paul B. Maison
Federal Communications
Nuclear Regulatory
Federal Reserve Board
National Security Agency
Commission
Commission
Mr. Kenneth D. Buckley
Mr. David L. Austin
Mr. Terry D. Johnson
Ms. Pamela G. Kruzic
National
Not Pictured:
Telecommunications and
Information Administration
Mr. Jack D. Phillips, Central Intelligence Agency
Mr. Roger W. Reinke
Mr. Ronald C. Schwitz, United States Postal Service
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NUMBER
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES-1
I. INTRODUCTION
1-1
BACKGROUND
1-1
REPORT ORGANIZATION
1-1
ENVIRONMENT FACING THE NCS
1-1
GOALS AND CHALLENGES
1-2
II. NCS NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION PROGRAMS
AND ACTIVITIES
2-1
NCS COMMITTEE OF PRINCIPALS/COUNCIL OF REPRESENTATIVES
INTERAGENCY COORDINATION AND CONSULTATION
2-1
OFFICE OF THE MANAGER, NCS, SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES
2-4
NATIONAL SECURITY TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
2-5
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION PLANS AND ARCHITECTURE
2-8
NATIONAL LEVEL NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM
2-10
PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORK SECURITY
2-16
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT
2-18
TECHNOLOGY AND STANDARDS
2-26
BASELINE MOBILIZATION PROGRAM
2-35
NATIONAL TRANSPORTABLE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITY
(NTTC)
2-35
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT NETWORK
2-36
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)
PAGE NUMBER
MOBILE SATELLITE EXPERIMENT AND ADVANCED
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE
2-37
INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
2-38
APPENDIX TO COMMERCIAL STANDARDS
2A-1
III. NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION POLICY AND
REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS
3-1
EXECUTIVE
3-1
JUDICIAL
3-1
REGULATORY
3-3
PROPOSED LEGISLATION
3-5
ENACTED LEGISLATION
3-7
MAJOR OPERATIONAL EVENTS
3-7
IV. NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT AND
ACTIVITIES OF NCS MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
4-1
OVERVIEW
4-1
NCS PRIMARY ASSETS
4-1
DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS)
4-5
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (TREAS)
4-6
ii
PAGE NUMBER
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DoD)
4-8
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
4-17
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DOI)
4-19
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)
4-21
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC)
4-23
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (DHHS)
4-29
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT)
4-30
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE)
4-42
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (VA)
4-47
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA)
4-50
THE JOINT STAFF (JS)
4-51
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)
4-53
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY (USIA)
4-59
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA)
4-60
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)
4-63
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC)
4-70
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (NRC)
4-72
UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE (USPS)
4-73
FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD (FRB)
4-75
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)
PAGE NUMBER
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY (NSA)
4-77
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION
ADMINISTRATION (NTIA)
4-78
V. NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION ISSUES
5-1
RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM ALLOCATION
5-1
JOINT INDUSTRY-GOVERNMENT PLANNING AND COORDINATION OF
EMERGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS
5-1
PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORKS SECURITY
5-2
ENHANCED CALL COMPLETION SERVICES
5-3
APPENDIX A-NCS AND OMNCS ORGANIZATIONS
A-1
NCS-RELATED ACRONYMS
1
iv
LIST OF EXHIBITS
PAGE NUMBER
2-1
PERSONNEL SUPPORT FROM NCS MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
2-5
2-2
STATUS OF NCS NLP FUNDING MOA/IFA FOR FY92
2-6
2-3
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANNING PROCESS
2-8
2-4
EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE
2-9
2-5
GETS CAPABILITIES
2-12
2-6
CNS ENHANCEMENTS
2-14
2-7
CSI NETWORK ELEMENTS
2-15
2-8
MCI INTERFACE DEMONSTRATION
2-16
2-9
PANAMA OCONUS DEMONSTRATION
2-17
2-10 THE OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE NTMS
2-19
2-11 NTMS NOTIONAL REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY
2-20
2-12 THE NTCN CONCEPTUAL CONNECTIVITY
2-20
2-13 SHARES HF RADIO STATIONS
2-22
2-14 SHARES HF RADIO PROGRAM STATION PARTICIPATION
— HURRICANE ANDREW
2-23
2-15
NTTC PROGRAM
2-36
2-16 NTTC EUROPEAN DEPLOYMENT
2-37
2A-1 X3 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
2A-2
2A-2 TIA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
2A-3
2A-3 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION (ITU) STRUCTURE
2A-4
2A-4 STRUCTURE OF COMMITTEE T1 (FY92)
2A-5
2A-5 LIST OF FY92 TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETINS (TIB's)
2A-6
2A-6 STATUS OF FEDERAL STANDARDS
2A-7
3-1
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE
3-1
4-1
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
4-26
4-2
ORGANIZATION OF THE OFFICE OF COMMAND, CONTROL,
AND COMMUNICATIONS (C³)
4-32
4-3
COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND COMPUTER
(C⁴) DIRECTORATE (J-6)
4-52
4-4
ORGANIZATION OF THE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
4-54
4-5
OFFICE OF SPACE COMMUNICATIONS
4-61
4-6
FEMA NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
4-64
4-7
NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS DIRECTORATE
4-65
A-1
NCS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
A-1
A-2
OFFICE OF THE MANAGER, NCS
A-2
V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
P
ursuant to Executive Order (E.O.)
The COP and/or COR also participated in
12472 and National Security
two special meetings. On November 5, 1991,
Decision Directive (NSDD) 97, this
the COP held a special meeting to discuss the
report outlines the activities of the National
recommendations and findings of an indepen-
Communications System (NCS) during fiscal
dent Panel of Experts' (POE) report on the
year (FY) 1992 in meeting national security and
NLP. On June 3, 1992, the COP/COR partici-
emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommuni-
pated in a special information meeting on the
cations policy and objectives of the Federal
Government Emergency Telecommunications
Government. The NCS ensures NS/EP
Service (GETS) program review.
telecommunications for the entire spectrum of
national emergencies. This responsibility
OFFICE OF THE MANAGER, NCS, SIGNIFICANT
includes interagency planning and coordination
ACTIVITIES
to meet NS/EP requirements, standards (techni-
cal and operating) for an interoperable national
In performing its administrative functions,
telecommunications infrastructure, and assis-
the Manager, NCS, coordinated and main-
tance to the President in the management and
tained NCS issuances, records of memoranda of
coordination of national telecommunication
agreement between the NCS and other organi-
resources during periods of national crises and
zations, and NCS document archives.
emergencies.
JOINT INDUSTRY/GOVERNMENT PLANNING
ANNUAL REPORT OVERVIEW
At NSTAC XIII, held on October 3, 1991,
NCS NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION
the NSTAC established an Energy Task Force
PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES
to assist the Office of the Manager, NCS
(OMNCS), the Department of Energy (DOE),
NCS Committee of Principals/ Council
and the NCS in developing criteria and a
of Representatives Interagency Coordination
process for identifying critical industry NS/EP
and Consultation. The NCS Committee of
telecommunication facilities requiring priority
Principals/Council of Representatives
electric service restoration and fuel distribution.
(COP/COR) addressed programs and activities
The NSTAC also approved recommending
that will enhance NS/EP telecommunications of
that the President establish an intelligent net-
the Federal Government. In FY92, the
works Government focal point and a
COP/COR reviewed and concurred with the
Government wireless services focal point to
FY94 National Level NS/EP Telecommun-
monitor emerging technologies in these areas.
ications Program (NLP) and funding profile, the
NCS response to the National Security
At NSTAC XIV, held on July 17, 1992, the
Telecommunications Advisory Committee
NSTAC received a special briefing on national
(NSTAC) XIII Executive Report to the
security issues. The NSTAC also received and
President, and considered the revised version of
approved final reports and recommendations
NCS Manual 3-1-1, "Telecommunications
from the Network Security and Enhanced Call
Service Priority (TSP) for NSEP Service User
Completion Task Forces. The NSTAC
Manual."
approved forwarding recommendations to the
ES-1
President to publicly support network security
NATIONAL LEVEL NS/EP
activities and establish a Government focal
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM
point for coordination of network security stan-
dards, and to address technical standards and
In response to White House guidance to
regulatory actions for enhancing NS/EP call
delay the Nationwide Emergency
completion.
Telecommunications Service initial operating
capability until FY96, the OMNCS established
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION PLANS
an independent POE to review the changing
AND ARCHITECTURE
threat to telecommunications, underlying pol-
icy guidance, requirements for an NS/EP
NS/EP Telecommunication
telecommunications service, and concerns
Requirements. The Manager, NCS, main-
regarding energy continuity for telecommuni-
tains a data base of NS/EP telecommunication
cations. The resulting public switched network
requirements for the peacetime, crisis/mobi-
(PSN)-based approach, GETS, was recom-
mended to be the foundation of the NLP.
lization, and late trans-attack and early post-
attack time periods. NCS member
organizations submit information for the data
Subsequently, the FY94 NLP was for-
base, and it is used for planning and imple-
warded to the Policy Coordinating Committee
menting the NLP and NCS baseline programs.
for National Security Telecommunications and
During FY92, the Manager, NCS, assisted
Information Systems in July 1992. It identifies
member organizations in updating their
three integrated NS/EP telecommunication
NS/EP telecommunication requirements and
programs and provides for their funding and
essential emergency functions.
implementation. The three components of the
FY94 NLP are GETS, Commercial Network
NS/EP Telecommunications
Survivability (CNS), and Commercial SAT-
Evolutionary Architecture. National policy
COM Interconnectivity (CSI).
mandates that the Manager, NCS, develop and
maintain an evolutionary telecommunications
PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORK SECURITY
architecture that is responsive under all circum-
stances to the NS/EP needs of the Federal
During FY92, the Government Network
Government and the Nation. The Manager,
Security Subgroup (GNSS) and the Network
NCS, is developing a standards-based, technol-
Security Task Force (NSTF) worked together
ogy-rich architecture that can continue to meet
to address the issues surrounding network secu-
these changing requirements.
rity and to establish mechanisms to solve the
problem. The GNSS and NSTF also formed
NS/EP Telecommunications Planning
separate, but closely coordinated NSTAC and
Process. Through a survey, the Manager,
Government Network Security Information
NCS, in cooperation with the COR
Exchange (NSIE) groups. The groups met
Telecommunications Planning Process
bimonthly during FY92 to provide a forum for
Subcommittee, identified candidate initiatives
identification and exchange of issues involving
to mitigate deficiencies and to achieve the over-
penetration and manipulation of network soft-
all enhancement of NS/EP telecommunication
ware and data bases affecting NS/EP
capabilities. The results of this effort are being
telecommunications.
documented in the NS/EP Telecommun-
ications Candidate Initiatives Report.
ES-2
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Iniki required extensive emergency communi-
MANAGEMENT
cations support from SHARES. More than 400
SHARES stations located throughout the
During a crisis, the Federal Government
United States were on-the-air and available to
relies extensively on the Nation's NS/EP
provide support.
telecommunication resources. To ensure that the
telecommunications system meets national lead-
Other telecommunications management
ership requirements, the NCS is developing a
activities included:
survivable and enduring telecommunications
management capability, including:
The Office of Science and Technology
Policy (OSTP) released the revised
National Coordinating Center (NCC).
National Plan for Telecommunications
During FY92, there were 54 major disaster
Support in Non-Wartime Emergencies
declarations and one emergency declaration by
in February 1992.
the President. The NCC continued to provide
international support and assistance as required
The Manager, NCS, Test and Exercise
to a large number of United States programs
Program maintained active participation.
throughout the world.
OMNCS Augmentee programs
National Telecommunications
continued their development.
Management Structure (NTMS). In FY92,
plans were finalized for the activation of commu-
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
nications functional groups (CFG) in
INTEROPERABILITY AND FEDERAL
Thomasville, Georgia, and Battle Creek,
Michigan (actual activation events, scheduled for
TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDS PROGRAMS
September, were postponed due to Hurricane
Andrew). In addition, NTMS training was com-
The Manager, NCS, contributed to the
pleted for the National Emergency Management
establishment of industry, national, interna-
Team CFG team and training was conducted for
tional, and Federal standards through the
four NTMS regional CFG teams.
Federal Telecommunication Standards
Program. NS/EP concerns such as interoper-
Telecommunications Service Priority
ability were addressed. Standards activities
System (TSP). In FY92, the TSP Oversight
focused on fiber optics, meteor burst, Land
Committee met five times and identified 10
Mobile Radio, High Frequency radio, High
issues for the Manager, NCS, to address. The
Definition Television, facsimile, development
TSP Program Office processed a record number
and filing of two telecommunication patents,
of TSP requests in Florida and Louisiana during
and development of commercial telecommuni-
Hurricane Andrew.
cation publications. Increased emphasis was
placed on the emerging technical areas of
Shared Resources (SHARES) High
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network,
Frequency (HF) Radio Program. In FY92,
the variable bandwidth Asynchronous Transfer
the SHARES HF Interoperability Working
Mode, the Syncronous Optical Network, the
Group continued to conduct periodic nation-
Signaling System 7, and the Telecommuni-
wide exercises to maintain and assess SHARES
cations Management Network.
capability. Two SHARES exercises were con-
ducted, on December 3, 1991, and April 21,
1992. The exercises involved more than 200
operators from 93 HF stations. Ninety-five
percent of the messages processed were
received by the intended addressee. The
destruction caused by Hurricanes Andrew and
ES-3
NATIONAL TRANSPORTABLE
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION POLICY
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITY (NTTC)
AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS
The NTTC was deployed to Europe in
Several executive, judicial, regulatory, and
FY92 to demonstrate its capabilities to the
legislative developments occurred during
North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the
FY92. The Assistant to the President for
United States European Command observers so
National Security Affairs reaffirmed NSDD 97
that they could assess the potential applications
and E.O. 12472 as the primary policy guidance
of this technology in support of future European
for the NLP, including specific functional
contingency deployments. The OMNCS has
requirements for NS/EP telecommunications
also developed an NTTC deployment guide,
service. The Modified Final Judgment restric-
brochure, and video that describe the procedures
tions are being softened due to Regional Bell
for its deployment and operation. In response to
Operating Company (RBOC) and congres-
Hurricane Andrew, the OMNCS deployed
sional pressure. Specific judicial areas that were
NTTC to South Florida to support the commu-
addressed this year include inter-LATA (local
nication needs of the National Disaster Medical
access and transport area) service, information
System. It was deployed at the request of the
services, video services, and the manufacture of
Federal Emergency Communications
telecommunications equipment. In the regula-
Coordinator on behalf of the Department of
tory arena, the Network Reliability Council
Health and Human Services.
(NRC) addressed questions of public switched
network reliability. The World Administrative
MOBILE SATELLITE EXPERIMENT
Radio Conference convened in Spain and
AND ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS
focused on spectrum allocation for low earth
orbit satellites. The Federal Communications
TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE
Commission published a personal communica-
The National Aeronautics and Space
tion services (PCS) policy and announced plans
Administration (NASA) will support the
to allocate PCS frequencies. Legislation during
OMNCS experiments, including the mobile
FY92 covered the following areas: auctioning
satellite experiment (MSAT-X) and the
and reallocation of spectrum, allocating funds
Advanced Communications Technology
for developing and deploying a broadband fiber
Satellite (ACTS). MSAT-X and ACTS will
optic network nationwide, encouraging compe-
give the OMNCS state-of-the-art technology
tition in the provision of electronic information
to use as potential backup communications for
services, establishing and enforcing telecom-
crises and war.
munications network reliability standards, shift-
ing oversight of RBOCs to the U.S. Attorney
INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
General, and setting goals and priorities for
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Federal high-performance computing (HPC)
research, development, and networking.
The OMNCS engaged in international
emergency telecommunications planning with
the following organizations:
U.S./Canada Civil Emergency Preparedness
Committee for Telecommunications
NATO Civil Communications Planning
Committee.
ES-4
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT AND
ACTIVITIES OF NCS MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
NCS member organization submissions to
the annual report, which review members' finan-
cial, policy, and technical concerns, continued to
show a growing trend towards consolidation of
telecommunication services. Reports also reflect
the importance members place on survivable
telecommunication resources for uninterrupted
performance of their essential emergency
functions.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION ISSUES
NCS member organizations identified the
following issues for Executive Office of the
President review and consideration: Radio
Frequency Spectrum Allocation, Joint
Industry-Government Planning, Public
Switched Networks Security, and Enhanced
Call Completion Services.
ES-5
ODUCTIO
I.
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
telecommunication activities of the NCS mem-
ber organizations. Section V details ongoing
T
he fiscal year (FY) 1992 National
NS/EP telecommunication issues for consider-
Communications System (NCS)
ation by the Executive Office of the President
Annual Report is produced by the
(EOP).
Office of the Manager, NCS (OMNCS), in
cooperation with the NCS Committee of
ENVIRONMENT FACING THE NCS
Principals (COP), an interagency confedera-
tion of 23 Federal departments and agencies.
Profound changes in the geopolitical land-
The report summarizes and highlights national
scape coupled with technological advances in
security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP)
the telecommunications infrastructure have
telecommunication capabilities and activities
affected the focus of NCS activities. The threat
and provides insight into the NS/EP telecom-
of a massive nuclear attack on the U.S. is
munications posture of the Nation. Major
NCS interagency plans, programs, and initia-
greatly diminished, but the threat of a single or
coordinated nuclear attack remains. In accor-
tives, along with significant internal and exter-
nal factors affecting the NCS, are reviewed in
dance with national policy guidance of June
1992, the provision of survivable telecom-
this report. The NCS Annual Report fulfills
the reporting requirements of Executive Order
munications to support the recovery and recon-
stitution of the Nation continues to be an
(E.O.) 12472, "Assignment of National
essential function of Government even with
Security and Emergency Preparedness Tele-
this diminished threat.
communications Functions;" and National
Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 97,
While the nuclear threat has been dimin-
"National Security Telecommunications
Policy."
ishing, other threats have been increasing in
importance because of the high reliance of the
Nation on telecommunications, the increasing
REPORT ORGANIZATION
complexity of the networks, and the movement
toward a global economy. Both disruptive
The FY92 NCS Annual Report has five
threats and destructive threats short of nuclear
sections. Collectively these sections represent
war have the potential to seriously affect the
the coordinated efforts of the NCS over the
national security posture of the Nation.
past year. Section I describes the present
Disruptive threats could include the technolog-
planning environment and the major chal-
ical complexity of large-scale systems, unautho-
lenges facing the NCS. Section II summarizes
rized electronic intrusion, and network
major NCS NS/EP telecommunication pro-
congestion. Destructive threats include natural
grams and activities. Section III examines exter-
disasters, sabotage and terrorist attack, and
nal factors influencing the NCS, including
wartime activities.
significant executive, judicial, regulatory, and
legislative developments and major NS/EP
incidents. Section IV reviews the NS/EP-
1-1
automated network management systems
increase the vulnerability of the network to
unauthorized intrusion. The "hacker" danger is
real and the NCS must continue to work with
industry to devote sufficient resources to ensure
that NS/EP telecommunications are protected
from this growing threat.
Expansion of the capabilities of the PSN's
and changes in the U.S. economy have dramati-
cally increased the industrial reliance on
telecommunication services. From manufactur-
ing to financial services, telecommunications is
playing an increasing role in the competitive
success of industries. Our growing reliance on it
can be translated into enormous economic
As is clear from Operation Desert Storm,
losses if telecommunications is degraded or
regional tensions, concerns over the prolifera-
disrupted. Given today's emphasis on industrial
tion of nuclear, biological, and chemical
capacity and competitiveness, national security
weapons, and continuing terrorist activity
issues clearly must expand to include continuity
demonstrate that the multipolar world is still a
of economic activity in the global marketplace.
dangerous place. While U.S. defense policy
adjusts to this dynamic environment, one factor
Yet with the backdrop of these factors, the
has already emerged. Telecommunications and
NCS will be challenged to accomplish its multi-
information services will expand in importance
faceted mission in a resource-constrained envi-
to meet the needs of flexible response forces
ronment. Budgetary resources for national
and multinational coalitions and to respond to
security programs will face increasing competi-
changing demands of U.S. domestic and
tion from other national priorities and joint
economic policy.
funding arrangements for NS/EP telecommu-
nications will remain austere.
Concomitant with changes in the external
threat are the dynamics taking place domesti-
GOALS AND CHALLENGES
cally. Technological advances such as digital
cellular, advanced intelligent networks, wireless
Against this dynamic backdrop, the NCS
technologies, and private network resources are
has positioned itself to meet the following
expanding the capabilities of the national infra-
primary goals:
structure. The rapid digitalization of the public
switched network (PSN) is permitting the
Define and implement enhancements to
dispersal of information processing power and
the national telecommunications
control throughout the Nation. The wide-
infrastructure.
spread deployment of fiber optics as the
enabling technology will greatly increase the
Put into place effective management
transmission capacity of the PSN's. These
mechanisms that facilitate the direction and
technological innovations will make available a
operation of national telecommunication
wide range of new services to the NS/EP
assets during emergencies.
community and increase the availability and
robustness of the network. However, with
Achievement of these two goals relies on effec-
these advances come increased risks. The
tive coordination between industry and
blurring of the boundaries between informa-
Government as well as better utilization of gov-
tion systems and telecommunication technolo-
ernment resources at the Federal, State, and
gies and the reliance of the PSN's on
local levels. Underlying these goals are several
strategic elements:
1-2
Provide a balanced consideration of the
adapted to the changing NS/EP telecommuni-
full spectrum of threats, vulnerabilities,
cations environment and a viable NSTAC
and potential operating conditions -
process is essential for the continued success of
international and domestic
the NCS in the fulfillment of its mission.
Plan and program for an integrated set
In summary, the operating environment of
of capabilities that will permit rapid and
the NCS has undergone rapid, fundamental
effective operational responses across a
change. Many of the fundamental precepts that
wide spectrum of emergency conditions
have guided NS/EP telecommunication poli-
cies for nearly 3 decades are shifting. However,
Monitor, study, and "internalize"
with these changes have come new challenges,
emerging technical developments and
and the guiding principles of industry coopera-
standards within the telecommunications
tion and government coordination remain as
industry and the global telecommunica-
true today as they did in 1963 when the NCS
tions infrastructure
was established. Typifying the NCS's respon-
siveness to the new environment is the recent
Facilitate greater cohesion and
evolution of the National Level NS/EP
cooperation among NCS member
Telecommunications Program (NLP).
organizations for essential telecommunica-
Designed to support the NCS in meeting its
tion requirements in a time of budget
mission of ensuring the availability of NS/EP
reductions
telecommunication capabilities under all condi-
tions, the NLP is structured to take advantage
Ensure that OMNCS architectures and
of technological and service enhancements in
standards incorporate emerging technolo-
the networks as they are implemented by the
gies to support NS/EP telecommunication
telecommunication industry. These changes
needs.
reflect the Federal Government's growing
reliance on data communications and other
The participation of the NCS member
high capacity services. In response to new
organizations and consistent support from the
threat scenarios that involve a multinational
telecommunications industry have greatly con-
response, the NCS is investigating NLP sup-
tributed to the overall success of the NCS. The
port to critical international gateways. Through
NCS COP builds consensus on NS/EP
these efforts and others, the NCS continues to
telecommunication issues among departments
adapt, thus strengthening its ability to meet its
and agencies having NS/EP telecommunication
critical mission functions in a rapidly changing
responsibilities. Along with its subordinate orga-
world.
nization, the Council of Representatives (COR),
the COP plays a critical role in achieving the
necessary interagency coordination on the full
range of NCS issues and responsibilities.
The participation of the telecommunica-
tions industry in the NS/EP telecommunica-
tions arena is achieved through the President's
National Security Telecommunications
Advisory Committee (NSTAC). Established in
1982, the NSTAC has worked closely with the
NCS to recommend several NS/EP telecom-
munication programs designed to prepare the
Government for telecommunication emergen-
cies and to augment networks if they are
damaged. Over the years, the NSTAC has
1-3
TELECOMMUNICATIC
II.
NCS NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION
PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES
T
his section highlights the activities
SUMMARY OF COMMITTEE OF PRINCIPALS
and accomplishments of the Office of
INTERAGENCY ACTIVITIES
the Manager, National Commun-
ications System (OMNCS) and the national
In FY92, the COP examined several key
security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP)
programs and activities designed to improve
telecommunications community during fiscal
the Nation's NS/EP telecommunications pos-
year (FY) 1992. This section also highlights the
ture, including national level programs that are
National Level NS/EP Telecommunications
undertaken by means of the NSEP
Program (NLP), which is designed to ensure the
Telecommunications Planning Process. The
provision of NS/EP telecommunications to the
NLP is the vehicle for forwarding proposed
Federal Government during national emergen-
national level programs and their funding pro-
cies or crises.
files to the PCC-NSTIS for review and
approval. The COP conducted the following
activities in FY92:
NCS COMMITTEE OF
PRINCIPALS/COUNCIL OF
Examined the revised FY93 NLP and
recommended PCC-NSTIS approval.
REPRESENTATIVES INTERAGENCY
Examined and endorsed the Manager's
COORDINATION AND CONSULTATION
proposed FY94 NLP and funding profile.
The National Communications System
Reviewed and approved the NCS
(NCS) Committee of Principals (COP) is an
response to the National Security
interagency group that provides advice and rec-
Telecommunications Advisory
ommendations on NS/EP telecommunication
Committee (NSTAC) XIII Executive
programs and activities. These recommenda-
Report to the President.
tions are submitted to the Policy Coordinating
Committee for National Security Telecom-
Considered the revised version of NCS
munications and Information Systems (PCC-
Manual 3-1-1, "Telecommunications
NSTIS), through the Manager and Executive
Service Priority (TSP) for NSEP Service
Agent, NCS. The PCC-NSTIS, which is
User Manual."
chaired by the Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Command, Control, Communications and
The COP deliberated on several major
Intelligence (C³I), is composed of representa-
NS/EP telecommunication programs and
tives from the National Security Council
activities in FY92, including the following:
(NSC), the Office of Science and Technology
Policy (OSTP), and the Office of Management
The National Telecommunications
and Budget (OMB). The COP established the
Management Structure (NTMS)
Council of Representatives (COR) as a perma-
nent, subordinate group to address NS/EP
The NS/EP Telecommunications
telecommunication issues. Together, these
Requirements Exercise and Data
groups address the complex NS/EP telecom-
Collection
munication needs of the 23 NCS member
organizations.
2-1
Network Security of the Public Switched
the TPPS. During FY92, the TPPS
Network (PSN)
completed a survey of NCS member
organizations to solicit potential
NCS Vision 21
candidate initiatives that could mitigate
deficiencies (identified and documented
The TSP System Oversight Committee.
in the NS/EP Telecommunications
Deficiencies and Priorities Report [NCS
SUMMARY OF COUNCIL OF REPRESENTATIVES
1997/2]) in existing NS/EP telecommun-
INTERAGENCY ACTIVITIES
ications capabilities. The results of the
survey were documented in the proposed
In addition to the key programs considered
National Security and Emergency
by the COP, the COR reviewed the following
Preparedness Telecommunications Candidate
NS/EP telecommunication activities in FY92:
Initiatives Report (NCS 2352/1). This fiscal
year, the TPPS also supported the COR by
NS/EP Telecommunications
providing input to the FY94 National Level
Candidate Initiatives
National Security and Emergency Preparedness
Telecommunications Program document
Government Emergency
(NCS 2495/5). At the August 27, 1992
Telecommunications Service (GETS)
COR meeting, the COR accepted the
TPPS Plan of Action to review its Terms of
Shared Resources (SHARES) High
Reference (TOR), review the Planning
Frequency (HF) Radio Program
Process document (NCS 326/8), and review
the scope of the TPPS TOR. The COR
TSP System Program
also charged the TPPS to implement the
Plan of Action and report its findings to the
National Plan for Telecommunications
COR.
Support in Non-Wartime Emergencies
The SHARES HF Interoperability
NCS Issuance System.
Working Group was established to imple-
ment and maintain the SHARES HF
Radio Program and to foster HF radio
ACTIVITIES OF INTERAGENCY SUBCOMMITTEES
interoperability through the examination
of regulatory, procedural, and technical
The interagency subcommittees estab-
issues. FY92 activities included updating
lished by the COP/COR address issues and
and approving the SHARES user manual
concerns demanding a high degree of analysis
and directory (NCS Manual [NCSM]
and discussion. By devoting its efforts to a
3-3-1 and NCS Handbook [NCSH]
specific NS/EP telecommunications matter,
3-3-1). The revised editions of these docu-
each subcommittee focuses on generating
ments were distributed to more than 1,300
viable recommendations. The subcommittees
holders of the SHARES workbook,
are discussed below.
including nearly 1,000 SHARES stations,
COP/COR members, and Federal emer-
The Telecommunications Planning
gency planning and response personnel.
Process Subcommittee (TPPS) was
The SHARES Working Group focused
established to assist the Manager, NCS,
on spreading awareness of the SHARES
in developing the four key elements of
program in FY92. Activities included
the NSEP Telecommunications
periodic briefings to emergency planning
Planning Process: Capability
groups and development of an information
Objectives, Deficiencies and Priorities,
video on the SHARES program. The
Candidate Initiatives, and the NLP. The
SHARES Working Group also success
General Services Administration (GSA)
fully conducted two national SHARES
chairs and the Joint Staff (JS) vice chairs
readiness training exercises during FY92.
2-2
The SHARES Working Group continued
The Manager established the Government
to address HF interoperability issues,
Network Security Subgroup (GNSS),
including Automatic Link Establishment
which worked closely with the NSTAC
(ALE), antenna testing, Federal HF stan-
Network Security Task Force to establish
dards, and SHARES coordination
separate Government and NSTAC
procedures.
Network Security Information Exchanges
(NSIE).
Special Meetings. The COP and/or
COR participated in the following special
The NSIEs meet jointly approximately
meetings:
every 2 months to identify issues
involving unauthorized penetration or
On November 5, 1991, the COP held a
manipulation of software and data bases
special meeting to discuss the recommen-
affecting NS/EP telecommunications.
dations and findings of an independent
Panel of Experts' report on the NLP, and
The GNSS and the Network Security
to consider the revised FY93 NLP.
Task Force established an Alert,
Warning, and Recovery function in the
On June 3, 1992, a special information
National Coordinating Center for
meeting to present a GETS program
Telecommunications (NCC) to receive
review was held for the COP/COR.
and disseminate network security
information to the NSIEs and the
NCS Vision 21. NCS Vision 21 is a Total
NS/EP community. Procedures for the
Quality Management (TQM) approach estab-
Alert, Warning, and Recovery function
lished by the COP that focuses the purpose, mis-
were issued by the NCC on July 25, 1991.
sion, and vision of the NCS into the next century.
Five major focus area (MFA) groups are working
Information Presentations. COP and/or
to identify NCS growth and enhancement strate-
COR members received the following infor-
gies. Each MFA group meets periodically to
mational briefings:
implement its plans and to refine its topical areas.
The groups streamline their tasks and eliminate
The National Telecommunications and
overlapping responsibilities through coordination
Information Administration (NTIA)
of their activities. The chairs of the five MFAs
presented The NTIA Infrastructure Report:
meet quarterly to manage the overall objectives of
Telecommunications in the Age of Information.
the Vision 21 initiative and report the status of
their work to the COP.
The Department of Energy (DOE)
briefed a proposed program plan for
Government Network Security
electric service priority restoration.
Activities. Government and industry are con-
cerned with the potential for attacks by hackers
The Department of Agriculture
on the software controlling the PSN's switches
(USDA) discussed meteor burst
and automated support systems; these attacks
communications.
can interrupt or deny service to NS/EP users or
extract sensitive NS/EP information.
The Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) briefed the Graduated
The Chairman, PCC-NSTIS, tasked
Mobilization Response effort.
the Manager, NCS, with determining
what actions are required from the
FEMA briefed the Federal Response
Government and industry to address
Plan and the telecommunications
the hacker threat to the PSN.
support that FEMA provided during
the Andrew, Iniki, and Omar disasters.
2-3
MEMORANDUMS OF AGREEMENT
The OMNCS and Naval War College
representatives briefed on Global War
The Executive Office of the President
Game 1992.
(EOP) instructed all NCS member organiza-
tions to execute MOA's with the NCS regard-
NTIA explained trunked radio systems
for Federal agencies in the Washington,
ing personnel support and funding for the
D.C., area.
NLP. Specifically, the MOA's require each
member organization to provide personnel
GSA presented its plan to convert from
support to the Manager, NCS. Funding sup-
7-digit to 10-digit dialing throughout
port for the NLP for FY93 and beyond is pro-
the Federal Telecommunications
vided in accordance with National Security
Directive 56 (NSD-56). NSD-56 supersedes
System (FTS2000) network.
National Security Decision Directive 201
A representative of the OMNCS
(NSDD-201). Funding guidance for FY92 was
discussed mobile satellite services and
provided by the Director, OMB, on behalf of
the EOP.
their applications to NS/EP
communications.
NCS Membership Support. MOA's
GSA discussed video compression
regarding personnel support ensure that each
NCS member organization provides at least
technologies.
one full-time staff member to serve on the staff
of the Manager, NCS, or as a resident repre-
OFFICE OF THE MANAGER,
sentative of the NCC. The policy of providing
personnel support was implicitly established by
NCS, SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES
Executive Order (E.O.) 12472 to promote the
coordination responsibilities embodied in the
In performing its administrative functions,
NCS structure. Later, the Assistant to the
the Office of the Manager, NCS, coordinated
President for National Security Affairs issued a
and maintained NCS issuances, records of
memorandum to member organizations reaf-
memorandums of agreement (MOA) between
firming this NCS membership responsibility.
the NCS and other organizations, and NCS
According to the policy, member organizations
document archives.
cannot be exempt from furnishing personnel
unless a waiver is obtained from the Assistant to
THE NCS ISSUANCE SYSTEM
the President for National Security Affairs.
Exhibit 2-1 depicts the personnel support
The NCS Issuance System governs policy
provided to the Manager, NCS, or NCC by
and guidance issuances that concern the inter-
each member organization at the close of the
nal organization, policies, procedures, practices,
reporting period.
management, and/or personnel of the NCS.
The following NCS issuances were approved
Funding. The OMB directed each NCS
and distributed this fiscal year:
member organization to work with the
Manager, NCS, to develop the necessary
NCSD 3-4, "National Telecommun-
MOA's and interagency funding agreements
ications Management Structure."
(IFA) to transfer member funds to the NCS for
the NLP. Exhibit 2-2 shows the members who
NCSD 4-2, "Focal Point for
executed MOA's and IFA's with the Manager,
Electromagnetic Pulse Information."
NCS, as of September 30, 1992. Under the
provisions of NSD 56, the Department of
NCSH 3-3-1, "Shared Resources
Defense and the Federal Emergency
(SHARES) High Frequency (HF) Radio
Management Agency will fund the NLP after
Program Directory" (May 15, 1992
FY92.
edition).
2-4
NS/EP TELECOM NEWS
OMNCS is the focal point for joint industry-
Government planning, all NSTAC activities
The NS/EP Telecom News, published
are supported by and closely coordinated with
bimonthly by the NCS Office of the Joint
the OMNCS.
Secretariat, provides an NS/EP impact assess-
EXHIBIT 2-1
ment for the NCS and NS/EP telecommunica-
tions community, and helps the NCS keep
PERSONNEL SUPPORT FROM NCS
abreast of legislative, regulatory, judicial,
MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
technological, and executive developments. In
FY92, NS/EP Telecom News provided:
PERSONNEL
MEMBER
In-depth discussions of personal communi-
FURNISHED
ORGANIZATION
cation networks (PCN) and wireless com-
2⁵
DOS
munication services, the 1992 World
1
TREAS
Administrative Radio Conference
89²
DoD
14
U.S. Army
(WARC) and radio frequency spectrum
2
U.S. Navy
allocation, telephone outages and Federal
10
U.S. Air Force
Communications Commission (FCC)
63
Civilian
5³
DISA
service disruption reporting requirements,
1
doj
competition in the local exchange market,
0
DOI
network management and open systems,
0
USDA
0
DOC
and transmission performance standards.
1
HHS
2
DOT
Special editions to commemorate the
15
U.S. Coast Guard
1
Federal Aviation Administration
10-year anniversary of the NSTAC and to
0
DOE
remind the NS/EP community of the need
1
DVA
to transition from the Restoration Priority
1
CIA
N/A
JS
(RP) System to TSP by March 1993.
24
GSA
0⁵
USIA
1
NASA
NATIONAL SECURITY
2⁵
FEMA
11
FCC
1
NRC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADVISORY
0¹
USPS
0¹
FRS
COMMITTEE
1
NSA
0
NTIA
The National Security Telecommun-
NOTES:
ications Advisory Committee (NSTAC)
1. Liaison membership status; no support requirements
consists of 24 Chief Executive Officers repre-
2. DoD authorizations as of 10/01/87
senting major telecommunications industry
3. DISA comptroller personnel supporting Manager, NCS
carriers, manufacturers, and aerospace firms.
4. Other GSA-furnished personnel:
4 reserve on-call to NCC
Established by E.O. 12382 in September 1982,
11 part-time regional communications managers
the NSTAC provides advice and expertise to
4 full-time planners
the President and the Executive Agent, NCS,
5. One position assigned to NCC
on issues and problems related to implementing
NS/EP telecommunications policy. The
NSTAC's Industry Executive Subcommittee
(IES) and its working groups, task forces, and
other subordinate groups, analyze NS/EP
telecommunication issues and report their
activities and recommendations through the
NSTAC to the President. Because the
2-5
EXHIBIT 2-2
STATUS OF NCS NLP FUNDING MOA/IFA
FOR FY92
ORGANIZATION
MOA SIGNED
SIGNED BY
IFA SIGNED BY
FY92 NLP
BY NCS
ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION
FUNDING SHARES
DOS
July 21, 1987
July 28, 1987
September 19, 1991
$59,502
TREAS
March 11, 1987
May 11, 1987
October 9, 1991
38,506
DoD/JS/NSA
September 16, 1987
November 4, 1987
N/A
6,568,727
DOJ
March 11, 1987
May 12, 1987
October 25, 1991
79,176
DOT
March 11, 1987
April 6, 1987
September 30, 1991
2,183,485
DOE
October 19, 1987
October 1, 1987
September 30, 1991
33,878
DVA
March 11, 1987
March 27, 1987
September 27, 1991
32,415
NASA
July 7, 1987
August 27, 1987
October 1, 1991
51,398
FEMA
April 27, 1988
April 19, 1988
December 18, 1991
89,213
TOTAL $9,136,300
NSTAC MEETINGS
the NSTAC received and approved final
reports and recommendations to the
NSTAC XIII. The 13th meeting of the
President from the Network Security and
President's NSTAC, held October 3,
Enhanced Call Completion Task Forces.
1991, received status reports from the IES,
To continue the focus on network
the Network Security Task Force, and the
security issues, the NSTAC tasked the IES
Enhanced Call Completion (ECC) Task
to establish a steering committee to over
Force. The NSTAC also received and
see all network security activities. The
approved final reports and recommenda-
NSTAC also received an overview of IES
tions to the President from the Wireless
activities, including the status of the
Services Task Force and the Intelligent
Energy Task Force and the joint IES-
Networks Task Force. NSTAC XIII also
OMNCS ad hoc issues group. The ad hoc
established and charged an Energy Task
group plans to identify potential NSTAC
Force to assist the OMNCS, the DOE,
issues and report its findings and recom-
and the NSC in developing criteria and a
mendations at NSTAC XV.
process to identify critical industry NS/EP
telecommunication facilities requiring pri-
NSTAC IES WORKING GROUP PROGRESS
ority electric service restoration and fuel
distribution. The NSTAC Chairman for-
During FY92, the following working
warded the NSTAC XIII executive report
groups provided ongoing analyses of issues
to the President and the Executive Agent,
affecting NS/EP telecommunications:
NCS, on January 22, 1992.
Plans Working Group. The Plans
NSTAC XIV. The 14th meeting, held
Working Group (PWG) convened two
July 17, 1992, began with a special
meetings to discuss topics that could
National Security Issues Briefing Session
potentially generate NSTAC issues requir-
at the Pentagon's National Military
ing support from NSTAC task forces, such
Command Center. At the business session,
2-6
as international telecommunications,
force. However, the Committee also
spectrum management, open systems
charged the IES to establish an ECC ad
architecture, network security, and
hoc group to work with the Government
interoperability.
to: (1) advocate and support the approval
of the High Probability of Completion
Operations Working Group. The
(HPC) standard, (2) investigate potential
Operations Working Group (OWG) met
ECC regulatory issues with the FRWG,
with the PWG to identify potential new
and (3) implement ECC network
NSTAC issues. The OWG's NS/EP Panel
capabilities.
completed its study of emergency prepared-
ness command center capabilities and con-
Network Security. The Network
cluded that existing capabilities are adequate
Security Task Force issued its final report
for meeting current stress levels. They also
in June 1992, focusing on threats to the
found that the command centers were ade-
PSN. The report contains a risk assess-
quate during and immediately following
ment that concludes that the threat to the
Hurricane Hugo and the Loma Prieta
PSN is higher than originally reported in
earthquake. The NS/EP Panel, in conjunc-
the November 1990 status report. The
tion with the OMNCS, is also initiating
task force also evaluated government
work for the FCC Network Reliability
research and development in relation to
Council to develop "special facility" outage
network security standards development,
reporting procedures. The IES transferred
and identified areas requiring continued
the OWG's responsibility for the New
Government involvement. At NSTAC
Technology Panel to the PWG, citing that
XIV, the Committee approved the task
one of the panel's purposes, generating new
force's final report and deactivated the task
issues, coincides more with the PWG's
force. However, the Committee also
purpose.
charged the IES to establish a steering
committee to oversee all network
Funding and Regulatory Working
security activities. The NSTAC also
Group. The Funding and Regulatory
charged the IES to establish a Network
Working Group (FRWG) worked with
Security Standards Oversight Group to
the NSIE, the OMNCS Counsel's office,
provide guidance and motivation to
and attorneys from NSTAC member
existing standards bodies toward
companies that developed the initial Non-
developing and accepting industry-wide
Disclosure Agreement (NDA), to reach
standards concerning network security.
consensus on changes to the NDA's
wording that would allow industry and
Energy. The NSTAC reactivated the
Government to exchange information
Energy Task Force in October 1991
related to network security intrusions.
and charged it to develop criteria for
identifying critical industry NS/EP
NSTAC IES TASK FORCE PROGRESS
telecommunication facilities that qualify
for priority electric service restoration
During FY92, four task forces considered a
and fuel distribution and to develop a
range of issues affecting NS/EP
process for applying the criteria. At the
telecommunications:
December 1991 IES meeting, the
Energy Task Force was also tasked to
Enhanced Call Completion. The ECC
review the President's National Energy
Task Force issued its final report in July
Strategy (NES) from the perspective of
1992, focusing on identifying and
benefits to NS/EP telecommunication
assessing technologies that would
enhancements and consider the
enhance call completion for NS/EP
submission of recommendations to the
users of the PSN. At NSTAC XIV, the
1993/1994 NES publication. The task
Committee approved the task force's
force will present its final report to
final report and deactivated the task
NSTAC XV.
2-7
Wireless Services. A follow-on Wireless
submitted by NCS member organizations
Services Task Force was established at the
and is used for planning and implementing
December 11, 1991 IES meeting to sup-
the NLP and NCS baseline programs.
port the newly established government
focal point and was charged to: (1)
During FY92, the Manager, NCS, assisted
develop, in conjunction with the
member organizations in updating their
Government focal point, a plan of action
NS/EP telecommunication requirements
to identify Government requirements, (2)
and essential emergency functions (EEF).
identify and assess solutions that will
ensure interoperability for Government
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NS/EP communications among wireless
EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE
services and between wireless and non-
wireless systems, (3) survey the current
National policy mandates that the
environment for wireless services to
Manager, NCS, develop and maintain an
determine future goals, and (4) establish
evolutionary telecommunications
an ongoing relationship with the govern-
architecture that is responsive under all
ment focal point.
circumstances to the NS/EP needs of the
Federal Government and, increasingly,
the Nation.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION PLANS
AND ARCHITECTURE
The Manager, NCS, is developing a
standards-based, technology-rich
The NCS NS/EP telecommunication
architecture that can continue to meet
plans and architecture effort is the basis for the
these changing requirements (see Exhibit
design, evaluation, and integration of baseline
2-4).
activities and the NLP. During FY92, the
EXHIBIT 2-3
Manager, NCS, continued to develop a stan-
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANNING
dards-based, technology-rich architecture that
is responsive to the economic and national
PROCESS
security interests of the country.
As an integral part of NS/EP planning, the
Capability
Deficiencies
Candidate
National Level
architecture effort entails requirements analy-
Objectives
and Priorities
Initiatives
Program
ses, telecommunications technology assess-
ment, and strategy development; network
optimization based on quantitative analysis and
performance modeling; communications net-
Requirements
work design and specification; and implemen-
tation planning. Exhibit 2-3 depicts the
EVOLUTIONARY
relationship of the evolutionary architecture to
ARCHITECTURE
the NSEP Telecommunications Planning
Process.
Federal User
Needs
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS
The Manager, NCS, maintains a data
base of NS/EP telecommunication
requirements for the peacetime,
crisis/mobilization, and late trans-attack
and early post-attack time periods. The
data base contains information
2-8
EXHIBIT 2-4
EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE
USER NEEDS
THREAT
TECHNOLOGY
POLICY
ECONOMICS
Automated Operation
Ubiquitous Access
Interoperable
Build on Existing Plant
Survivable
Secure
Manageable
Off-the-Shelf Current
Affordable
CONUS-Wide Coverage
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANNING
infrastructure that inhibit or preclude the
PROCESS
satisfaction of Federal NS/EP
telecommunication requirements.
Throughout FY92, the NCS continued to
implement the NSEP Telecommunications
Candidate Initiatives. The Candidate
Planning Process. The process includes the
Initiatives planning element describes
formulation, documentation, review, and
actions selected to mitigate identified defi-
COP/COR consideration of four key planning
ciencies and to achieve the overall
elements:
enhancement of NS/EP telecommunica-
tion capabilities. FY92, efforts continued
Capability Objectives. Capability
in identifying possible candidate initiatives
Objectives define the set of capabilities
through a survey of the NCS member
needed to meet the NS/EP telecommunica-
organizations.
tion requirements of the Federal
Government.
National Level NS/EP
Telecommunications Program.
Deficiencies and Priorities. The
The NLP specifies the NS/EP
Deficiencies and Priorities planning
telecommunication programs benefiting
element identifies and places, in priority
multiple departments and agencies that
order, deficiencies or shortfalls in the
are to be undertaken annually within the
national telecommunications
NCS structure and the accompanying
2-9
provisions for their shared funding and
The NCS takes a leadership role in the
implementation. The FY94 NLP was
investigation and mitigation of the
forwarded to the PCC-NSTIS, through
network security threat to our Nation's
the Executive Agent, NCS, for approval
telecommunications and information
in July 1992.
systems.
A governmentwide NS/EP telecommunica-
NATIONAL LEVEL NS/EP
tions program is needed and the panel
affirmed that voice communications was the
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM
primary requirement during emergency sit-
The NLP includes national level programs
uations. (Concurrently, in mid-October
that are conducted within the NCS structure and
1991, the PCC-NSTIS confirmed a set of
require significant government resources for their
six functional requirements for an NS/EP
pre-implementation, implementation, and recur-
telecommunications service, including a
ring costs. These programs are designed to
requirement for voice band service.)
provide a robust and survivable voice channel
information transfer capability, and are expected to
Programs should not be delayed in
result in the significant nationwide enhancement
meeting NS/EP telecommunication
of existing PSN services. These services, as
requirements pending the development
directed by E.O. 12472, are designed to be
of enduring power solutions.
responsive to the NS/EP needs of the President,
Federal departments and agencies, and other enti-
The panel's technology assessment included
ties, under all circumstances including crisis or
review of the following technical alternatives:
emergency, attack, recovery, and reconstitution.
Very small aperture terminal satellite
As a result of the changing world situation,
(VSAT) technology
emerging technologies, and recommendations
submitted by the Committee of Principals, the
HF radios
White House directed the Manager, NCS, to
delay the implementation of the Nationwide
Packet-switched Message-based
Emergency Telecommunications Service (NETS)
Emergency Telecommunications
pending a review of alternative technologies that
Service (METS)
could reduce program cost. An independent
Panel of Experts was established to review the
Low earth orbit satellite (LEOSAT)
changing threat to telecommunications, underly-
New Public Switched Network-based
ing policy guidance, requirements for an NS/EP
telecommunications service, and concerns
approach
regarding energy continuity for telecommunica-
Current NLP.
tions. The panel compared five alternative techni-
cal approaches and the existing NLP on the basis
of the functional requirements, risks, and costs
The panel concluded that the new PSN-
for an NS/EP telecommunications service.
based approach's performance, low risk, and
opportunity to decrease costs made it the most
The panel deliberated for 5 months in early
viable alternative. The panel also noted that the
1991 and in consideration of the changing
VSAT, HF, METS, and LEOSAT approaches
threat, the panel recommended the following:
could offer end-to-end performance improve-
ments in the future and should continue to be
The NCS select programs that could
considered for future implementation. The new
adapt to the changing threat and that
PSN-based approach, now called the GETS,
was recommended to be the foundation of
would not provide small numbers of
the NLP.
clearly identifiable targets for
destruction or disruption.
2-10
Subsequently, the FY94 NLP was for-
Telecommunications, which analyzes and
warded to the PCC-NSTIS in July 1992. It
defines the electronic intrusion threat to
identifies three integrated national level NS/EP
the PSN. It provides a baseline description
telecommunication programs, the GETS pro-
of the threat posed by members of the
gram, the Commercial Network Survivability
computer underground (hackers, phreak-
(CNS) program, and the Commercial SAT-
ers) to the PSN and associated telecom-
COM Interconnectivity (CSI) program, and
munications.
provides for their funding and implementation.
GOVERNMENT EMERGENCY
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE
SUPPORTING ANALYSIS
Based on guidance received in February
Each year, the OMNCS analyzes the PSN
1991, implementation of NETS was delayed 2
to quantify the effects of various threats on
years. In January 1992, as a result of the Panel
NS/EP telecommunications and to show the
of Experts recommendations and other govern-
enhanced performance offered by the NLP.
ment reviews, a modified technical and acquisi-
The following activities were performed during
tion approach for NS/EP telecommunication
FY92:
services was developed and incorporated into a
new program named GETS, which replaced
An assessment of the five alternative
NETS. The benefits realized by this restruc-
technical approaches and the NLP was
tured program enable the Government to
performed by the Panel of Experts.
reduce program costs, better utilize technologi-
cal alternatives, and acquire NS/EP telecom-
A supporting analysis summary
munication services with greater flexibility.
describing the survivability and
Exhibit 2-5 shows the capabilities provided by
performance benefits of GETS, CNS,
GETS when the final operational capability
and CSI over the PSN accompanied the
(FOC) is attained. The GETS program
FY94 NLP.
encompasses the following:
The estimated effects of phenomena
GETS is planned to provide a nationwide
such as nuclear blast, fallout radiation,
capability for switched voice and voice-
and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) were
band data communications by exploiting
used to assess the survivability and
the surviving switching and transmission
availability of current and planned PSN
facilities of commercial and selected
resources in support of NS/EP
Government networks.
requirements.
The GETS acquisition strategy has been
As a continuation of last year's efforts
revised to allow the Government
and to support analyses of other threats
increased flexibility in planning and
to NS/EP telecommunications, the
implementing incremental service
supporting analysis task is examining
capabilities in a timely and cost effective
the effects of natural disasters on the
manner.
PSN. The OMNCS developed an
earthquake model to characterize the
GETS calls will be afforded priority
damage effects of seismic events on the
treatment and enhanced routing in the
PSN and NS/EP user locations for the
PSN, as well as CNS and CSI augmenta-
known faults in northern California.
tions and interconnections. This service will
be accessed nationwide and from overseas
Publication of a document, Electronic
locations through a special GETS access
Intrusion Threat to National Security and
number and user authentication through
Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP)
personal identification numbers (PIN).
2-11
Two major components of the GETS
An in-plant and in-service demonstra-
program are Enhanced Real Time
tion of local exchange carrier (LEC)
Network Routing (E-RTNR) and the
Non-Hierarchical Routing (LNHR)
Survivable Signaling Network (SSN) in
was completed in the US West network
the AT&T network.
in Denver, Colorado, and a subsequent
demonstration of LNHR was presented
The following milestones were reached during
to the COP/COR in Washington,
FY92:
D.C.
A GETS Integration Contractor
An annual Robust Non-Hierarchical
Industry conference was held.
Routing (RNHR) redesign was
completed to reflect changes in the
The Government released three
AT&T network and increase the
Requests for Proposals (RFP). RFP's
number of CSI links to 28.
were released to AT&T, MCI, and
Sprint for procurement of similar
GETS services in the interexchange
carrier (IEC) networks. A fourth RFP
was prepared for release in October
1992 for the acquisition of an
integration contractor.
EXHIBIT 2-5
GETS CAPABILITIES
LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIERS
INTEREXCHANGE CARRIERS
LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIERS
AT&T
FTS2000/DISN
Priority Treatment
E
#
Enhanced Routing
PBX
Access Authorization
International Access
MTSO
Cellular
E
Survivable Signaling
AT
CSI
EO
IIII
CNS
MTSO
FTS 2000/DISN
EO
Cellular
AT
Interoperability
SPRINT
National Dialing PSN
Cellular Egress
Cellular Access
MCI
LEC Priority Treatment
Access from FTS2000
Priority Treatment
LEC Enhanced Routing
GETS Directory Service
Enhanced Routing
Extension of Survivable Signaling
LEC Priority Treatment
Access Authorization
CNS
LEC Enhanced Routing
International Access
FTS2000/DISN Interoperability
Extension of Survivable
CSI
Signaling
CNS
Access Authorization
FTS2000/DISN
CNS
Interoperability
FTS2000/DISN Interoperability
LEGEND
EO
End Office
AT
Access Tandem
MTSO
Mobile Telephone Switching Office
PBX
Private Branch Exchange
2-12
The following activities continued in FY92:
gration of emerging communication technolo-
gies. Network enhancements obtained under
The GETS/FTS2000 Interoperability
the CNS program will be integrated with
Working Group continued to meet to
GETS as it is implemented. Exhibit 2-6 depicts
identify interoperability requirements
potential CNS network enhancements.
for GETS initial operating capability
(IOC).
The CNS program encompasses the following:
The Government continued coordination
The OMNCS has engineered and
with telecommunication standards organi-
installed 17 permanent interconnect
zations to obtain approval for a high prob-
services to provide alternative routes for
ability of completion subscriber priority
NS/EP use. Acquisition of additional ser-
parameter to support priority treatment
vices was suspended in FY92 during an
of NS/EP traffic.
analysis of the ability of CNS services to
support the revised GETS program.
The OMNCS opened discussions with
the North American Numbering Plan
As part of the Panel of Experts review of the
administrator, Bell Communication
NLP, CNS has begun studying the imple-
Research (Bellcore), and the United
mentation of network augmentations using
States Telephone Association (USTA),
alternative technologies and services such as
which continued throughout the year
LEC disaster recovery services, advanced
and forwarded requests to open the
intelligent network-based services, and cel-
GETS nationwide 710 numbering plan
lular networks.
area (NPA) code in all commercial
carrier networks including cellular.
The OMNCS supports CNS activities
through data acquisition contracts with four
Three IEC's continued to support the
contractors, and data collection and service
Government by providing data on their
acquisition contracts with an additional con-
networks and technical approaches for
tractor. The major focus of current data
processing NS/EP traffic.
collection efforts comprises cellular net-
works and facilities, LEC networks, experi-
On September 24, 1992, the Department
mental PCN's, and proposed emergency
of Defense (DoD) Inspector General officially
restoral assets.
closed the audit report that began on July 25,
1990, on the original NETS program. As
Additional efforts during FY92 pertained to the
noted previously, the NETS program was
following:
restructured and renamed GETS. The
Inspector General indicated that the "most
Analysis of telecommunication systems
fundamental concerns about NETS - its prac-
and assets, and developing survivability
ticality and cost - were partially alleviated
enhancement recommendations.
when
the program was restructured.' The
Inspector General added, "we consider the
Evaluation of priority treatment capabili-
audit report closed."
ties of cellular systems and system designs
for wireless communication networks to
COMMERCIAL NETWORK SURVIVABILITY
determine opportunities for improving
NS/EP telecommunications. The
The CNS program enhances short-haul
OMNCS tested and evaluated the ability
terrestrial connectivity of commercial and gov-
of cellular switches to provide a load
ernment terrestrial networks in support of
shedding capability.
NS/EP telecommunication needs. CNS
enhancements improve the diversity of NS/EP
access and egress connectivity through the inte-
2-13
Data gathering from LEC's by meeting
The Mobile/Transportable Telecom-
with individual carriers to identify
munications (MTT) component of the CNS
current and planned telecommunication
program seeks to restore and extend PSN links
networks and services available for
for NS/EP telecommunications using govern-
NS/EP use. These meetings included
ment or commercial transportable communica-
discussions of the use of official corporate
tions equipment. The OMNCS is supporting a
networks, network survivability, advanced
DoD/JS initiative that will assign an NS/EP
intelligent network deployments, and
link restoral mission to communication units of
disaster recovery assets.
the National Guard. Joint policy guidance is
being established to make MTT systems avail-
Meetings with the cellular subsidiaries
able to provide NS/EP communications sup-
from each LEC to discuss their network
port in emergencies. An ongoing effort of the
operations, priority services, and future
MTT program is the maintenance of the data
data collection efforts.
base of AN/TRC-170 and 173 tactical radios.
These data include location, quantity, fielding
dates, and commanding authority.
EXHIBIT 2-6
CNS ENHANCEMENTS
LEC Network
MTT Link
Access Tandem
PBX
IC Switch
IC Switch
NS/EP
Users
Network
Network
LEC Network
Enhancements
Enhancements
IC Switch
Cellular Network
Access Tandem
NS/EP
MTSO
Users
2-14
COMMERCIAL SATCOM INTERCONNECTIVITY
The following activities were performed in
FY92:
As shown in Exhibit 2-7, the CSI program
uses surviving commercial C-band satellites to
The Manager, NCS, successfully
enhance the long-haul connectivity of the PSN
conducted the fourth annual test and
during national emergencies. The CSI network
exercise of the CSI network. Several
consists of two interoperable telemetry, track-
proof-of-concept tests were successfully
ing, and control (ITT&C) facilities that allow
demonstrated, including interconnecting
interoperability within the two satellite families
MCI switches and providing outside
(three-axis-stabilized and spin-stabilized). CSI
contiguous United States (OCONUS)
earth stations provide T1 connectivity using
access to NS/EP users in Panama.
standard CSI modems and are linked by a ter-
restrial tail circuit to a designated PSN switch.
By the end of FY92, contracts were awarded for
19 communications earth stations; 18 have
passed acceptance testing and are operational.
EXHIBIT 2-7
CSI NETWORK ELEMENTS
Surviving Commercial Satellite
(3 Axis or Spinner)
Polarization and
Pointing Agility
Interoperable
Telemetry
Tracking and
Enhanced
Command
CSI Earth
Terminal
Facilities
(ITT&C)
Terminal
(Gateway)
Leased T1
Leased T1
Circuits
Circuits
To Public
Switch
Switched
(Isolated or
Switch
Networks
Poorly Connected)
(Richly Connected)
2-15
As illustrated in Exhibit 2-8, the MCI
PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORK
demonstration involved extending tail
circuits from existing CSI earth stations
SECURITY
to local MCI switches. The OMNCS is
studying the feasibility of extending tail
The network security issue was first identi-
circuits to MCI and Sprint switches
fied in the National Research Council's (NRC)
permanently to support NS/EP
1989 report, Growing Vulnerability of the Public
telecommunications in accordance with
Switched Network: Implications for National
the Panel of Experts' recommendations.
Security Emergency Preparedness. Industry and
Government participants in the network secu-
The CSI program also demonstrated
rity process have focused their effort on the
the capability to use CSI assets as
unauthorized access to or manipulation of PSN
gateways to the PSN for OCONUS
software and data bases that could affect
NS/EP users, as illustrated in Exhibit 2-9.
NS/EP telecommunication users. Specifically,
the participants are interested in intrusions that
result in denial or interruption of service to
NS/EP users or in the extraction of sensitive
data from network elements. Senior industry
and Government executives continued to place
a high priority on mitigating this problem dur-
ing FY92.
EXHIBIT 2-8
MCI INTERFACE DEMONSTRATION
AT&T
AT&T
Switch
Switch
NS/EP
NS/EP
Users
Users
CSI Earth
CSI Earth
Station
Station
MCI
MCI
Switch
Switch
PSN
PSN
Existing
Installed for Exercise
2-16
EXHIBIT 2-9
PANAMA OCONUS DEMONSTRATION
Modified Earth
Station
CSI Modem
CONUS PSN
(NS/EP Users)
CSI Earth
Station
Modified
Earth Station
CSI Modem
NS/EP Users
PANAMA
SOUTH AMERICA
The GNSS and the Network Security
In support of the NSIE process, the
Task Force (NSTF) have worked together dur-
OMNCS has initiated three projects to foster
ing FY92 to address the issues surrounding net-
improvements in the security of the Nation's
work security and to establish mechanisms to
telecommunications infrastructure. These pro-
solve the problem. The GNSS and NSTF also
jects include an assessment of the hacker threat
formed separate but closely coordinated
to the PSN, a research and development pro-
NSTAC and Government NSIE groups. The
ject to develop a tool to analyze PSN software
NSIE's provide a forum for identification and
vulnerabilities, and a program to collect and
exchange of issues involving penetration and
analyze PSN software vulnerability data.
manipulation of network software and data
bases affecting NS/EP telecommunications.
The NSIE groups met bimonthly during FY92
to exchange information regarding hackers and
to assess vulnerability of the PSN to hackers.
2-17
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
During FY92 there were 54 Major
Disaster declarations and one Emergency dec-
MANAGEMENT
laration by the President. They involved NCS
regional support to FEMA in all 10 Standard
During a crisis, the Federal Government
Federal Regions with Region 9 (San Francisco)
relies extensively on the Nation's NS/EP
bearing the brunt of the response require-
telecommunication resources. To ensure that
ments. Natural disasters and man-made crises
the telecommunications system meets national
ranged from hurricanes, earthquakes, floods,
leadership requirements, the NCS is develop-
fires, and mud slides, to tornadoes and even a
ing a survivable and enduring telecommunica-
drought in Micronesia. In total, 18 States and
tions management capability. The following
five territories suffered from nature's onslaught
sections describe this effort.
during this past year. Unique this year has been
the amount of support required by our Pacific
NATIONAL COORDINATING CENTER FOR
Ocean Territories, Commonwealths, and pos-
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
sessions: American Samoa (Typhoon Val, $72
million), Guam and Micronesia (Typhoon
The NCC assists the NCS in initiating,
Yuri, $11 million), Marshall Islands (Typhoon
coordinating, restoring, and reconstituting
Zelda and Tropical Storm Axel, $10 million),
NS/EP telecommunication services or facilities
and Micronesia for a drought ($3 million).
under all conditions of crisis or emergency.
In 1992, two devastating hurricanes struck
During FY92, the following companies
Florida and Louisiana (Hurricane Andrew) and
were members of the NCC: AT&T, Bellcore,
Hawaii (Hurricane Iniki). The response and
COMSAT, GE American Communications,
recovery support activities of the NCC were
GTE, ITT Corporation, Martin Marietta,
intense for more than a month, from the initial
McCaw Cellular Communications, MCI,
impact of Hurricane Andrew until conditions
Pacific Telecommunications, Inc., United
had stabilized on the island of Kauai, Hawaii.
States Telephone Association, and Sprint.
The details of the response to these two disas-
Government staff changes included the addi-
ters will be the subject of a detailed after-action
tion of representatives for the Department of
report.
Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of
the Treasury, and the departure of the repre-
During FY92, the NCC continued to pro-
sentative from the Nuclear Regulatory
vide international support and assistance to a
Commission.
large number of U.S. programs in areas not
previously envisioned. NCC support has been
Changes to the NCC. FY92 was a year of
given to the following: Operation SEA
organizational change within the OMNCS,
ANGEL - rescue and support to Bangladesh
Office of Emergency Preparedness. The TSP
victims following a typhoon and severe flood-
Program Office received a new program man-
ing; Operation PRODUCTIVE EFFORT —
ager and the office was integrated into the
evacuation of U.S. and non-Ethiopian foreign
NCC as an NCS operational program.
nationals from Ethiopia during its civil war;
Responsibilities formerly associated with oper-
Operation FIERY VIGIL - eruption of Mt.
ational readiness were reassigned from the
Pinatubo in the Philippine Islands, with the
NCC and placed in a new Operational
closing of Clark AFB and Subic Bay naval facil-
Readiness and Exercise Division. This action
ity. The following operations are ongoing:
positions the NCC to accept development pro-
Operation PROVIDE COMFORT - an
grams within the NLP that are nearing an
effort in support of Iraqi Kurds; DESERT
operational status.
STORM, though no hostilities are involved;
Operation PROVIDE HOPE - food and
humanitarian support to the former Soviet
Union now Commonwealth of Independent
States; Operation PROVIDE PROMISE -
2-18
current support under the United Nations to
provide food and humanitarian support to
NTMS IOC was achieved in October
Yugoslavia; and Operation GTMO - Haitian
1990 at Maynard, Massachusetts, when the first
refugees and boat people interned at
joint Government-industry Regional
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
Emergency Management Team
Communications Functional Group (REMT
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
CFG) became operational and supporting
MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
Operating Centers (OC) were identified in the
northeast region. In FY91, REMT CFGs were
The National Telecommunications
validated at Bothell, Washington, and Denton,
Management Structure will provide a compre-
Texas.
hensive, survivable, and enduring management
capability for initiating, coordinating, restoring
FY92 NTMS activities included the fol-
and reconstituting the Nation's telecommuni-
lowing:
cation resources in the event that Section 706
of the Communications Act of 1934, as
Training for National Emergency
amended, is invoked. The NTMS is a crucial
Management Teams (NEMT) and
element of U.S. deterrence and will ensure that
REMT CFG teams
the functions performed by the NCC can con-
tinue throughout any contingency. The opera-
Production of several NTMS training
tional elements of the NTMS consist of three
videos
levels of telecommunications management
teams made up of experts from Government
Publication and distribution of two
and industry. (Exhibit 2-10 illustrates the oper-
NTMS newsletters
ational elements.)
EXHIBIT 2-10
THE OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE NTMS
National Emergency
Management Team
(NEMT)
NEMT/CFG
Policy, Management Direction,
Goals, Objectives & Priorities
Direct & Implement
REMT
Guidance,
CFG
Coordinate, Initiate, Restore
& Reconstitute
Regional Emergency Management Teams
(REMT)
Industry
Provide
Govt.
Coordinate
oc
Coordinate
Service
oc
Service
Requirements
State and Local
2-19
Identification of REMT CFG team
The NTCN relies on existing multimedia
members and supporting OC's for
telecommunications equipment and capabilities
Battle Creek, Michigan, and Thomasville,
that can be readily accessed to assist the NTMS
Georgia
mission. Exhibit 2-12 illustrates NTCN con-
ceptual connectivity. The NTMS Program
Completion of agreements with carriers
Office acquired HF radios in FY91 to serve as a
supporting NTMS
"last ditch" means of communication if other
means are not available.
Validation of Battle Creek and
Thomasville REMT CFG teams.
FY92 NTCN activities included the
(Scheduled for September 1992,
following:
postponed due to Hurricane Andrew.)
Completed all engineering site surveys
National Telecommunications
for HF radio and antenna installations
Coordinating Network. The National
at OC's
Telecommunications Coordinating Network
(NTCN) supports the NTMS by providing
Commenced HF installations in
communications connectivity to exchange min-
northeast region
imum essential telecommunications manage-
ment information among NTMS elements.
Drafted NTCN operating and
Exhibit 2-11 illustrates NTMS Regional
maintenance procedures.
Connectivity.
EXHIBIT 2-11
EXHIBIT 2-12
NTMS NOTIONAL REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY
THE NTCN CONCEPTUAL CONNECTIVITY
oc
Satellite
FEMA Federal Regional Center
at Maynard, MA
GETS
oc
Industry and Government
Operating Centers
PSN (CSI)
PSN
oc
NEMT/
PSN
REMT/
PSN (CNS)
CFG
CFG
oc
HF
oc
HF Relay
oc
(SHARES)
2-20
Telecommunication Emergency
An analysis of the integration of
Decision Support System. TEDSS provides
Windows/Graphical User Interface into
information processing and decision support to
the OMNCS resulted in a hardware and
the Manager, NCS; NCC; NCS Regional
software upgrade to the OMNCS office
Manager; the NTMS; and the OSTP.
automation infrastructure.
TEDSS, through its extensive telecommunica-
tions data base, supports the emergency infor-
Maintenance and procurement of ADP
mation requirements for these entities.
resources for the operational integrity of
the OMNCS was continued.
The NEMT's and the REMT's were
provided automation support using TEDSS for
Mission-specific application support as
test, training, and exercise events throughout
amplified in each project's accomplish-
the year. The TEDSS portable component
ments was continued.
hardware platform was replaced with an
advanced, lightweight integrated 486 computer
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE
to enhance emergency response capabilities.
PRIORITY SYSTEM
The future of the TEDSS program is under
review.
The TSP System establishes the regula-
tory, administrative, and operational frame-
NS/EP INFORMATION RESOURCE
work to authorize the priority provisioning and
MANAGEMENT
restoration of NS/EP telecommunication
services. TSP allows service vendors to initiate,
The role of information management
restore, or otherwise act on a priority basis to
within the OMNCS is to administer the
ensure effective NS/EP telecommunications.
automation of information systems to enhance
In November 1988, the FCC issued a Report
the capability of the organization to fulfill its
and Order establishing the TSP System. This
mission requirements. This administration
Report and Order required approval of the
includes office automation activities and mis-
TSP implementation procedures before the
sion-specific applications.
IOC. At the same time, the President declared
implementation of the TSP System as the
The following activities were performed in
Nation's highest NS/EP telecommunications
FY92:
priority.
The Automated Systems Branch was
The TSP Oversight Committee met five
restructured as the Information Systems
times during FY92. The Oversight Committee
Division to more efficiently support the
is made up of seven Federal, seven industry,
automated information requirements of
and two State and local representatives. The
the OMNCS, other Federal departments
Oversight Committee's Issues Working Group
and agencies, industry, and the NCS
identified 10 issues for the TSP Program
community.
Office (TSP PO) to address. The issues deal
primarily with State and local concerns relative
The successful transition to a new
to the administration and costs associated with
electronic mail (e-mail) system was
the program. The TSP PO has developed a
accomplished.
strategic plan to resolve those areas of concern.
The strategic plan will be executed throughout
An analysis of the organization
FY93.
information requirements was initiated
to assist in the preparation of an
In FY92, the TSP PO was reorganized as
OMNCS Automated Data Processing
an operational element and placed in the NCC
(ADP) Strategic Plan.
for reporting purposes.
2-21
By March 1993, the Restoration Priority
SHARES is available full time for use by
System will be completely replaced by TSP. All
Federal emergency planning and response per-
services that required a restoration priority
sonnel to support both intra-agency and intera-
under the old system and continue to require
gency NS/EP requirements. Prior
restoration priority treatment will have to be
coordination is unnecessary and SHARES
transitioned to the TSP System. The transition
"activation" is not required. As long as the cri-
has been underway since September 1990.
teria for using SHARES are met, a user need
only contact the nearest SHARES station listed
TSP has ensured its viability in the post-
in the "SHARES HF Radio Program
706 environment by replicating the invocation
Directory" (NCSH 3-3-1) for assisting in pro-
process for provisioning and oversight of
cessing emergency message traffic. More than
restoration priorities in the NTMS program.
1,300 SHARES Workbooks have been distrib-
uted nationwide.
SHARED RESOURCES HIGH FREQUENCY RADIO
SHARES support to NS/EP during
PROGRAM
Hurricane Andrew consisted of the following:
The SHARES HF Radio Program is an
initiative by the NCS to provide a backup high
During FY92, Hurricane Andrew
frequency radio network in support of NS/EP
provided the first sustained test of
requirements. The SHARES program cur-
SHARES capability to support NS/EP
rently consists of nearly 1000 HF radio sta-
since it was fielded in April 1991. More
than 400 SHARES stations located
tions, representing 36 Federal and federally
affiliated organizations. Exhibit 2-13 shows the
throughout the United States were on
SHARES network and participating
the air and available to provide SHARES
organizations.
support during the emergency.
EXHIBIT 2-13
SHARES HF RADIO STATIONS
MARS
SHARES HF RADIO PROGRAM
MITRE
MARAD
Bellcore
MARS
Hell
SHARES
NITA
MARS
NOC
COMBINATIVE
2-22
Of the 53 SHARES stations located in
During the critical hours of emergency,
the immediate impact area of Hurricane
Federal departments and agencies
Andrew, 36 were available to support
reported using SHARES to process
SHARES.
emergency message traffic. In one,
SHARES was used to locate the
Thirty-three of the 36 Federal and
Monroe County (Florida) Emergency
federally affiliated departments and
Coordinator for the Governor of
agencies participating in the SHARES
Florida and to provide an HF
program reported stations on the air
radio/patch link between them. Exhibit
and available.
2-14 shows the location of the stations
that were available to provide SHARES
The SHARES Emergency Coordination
support during the emergency.
Team was activated in the NCC and
four SHARES Advisory Notices were
issued.
EXHIBIT 2-14
SHARES HF RADIO PROGRAM STATION
PARTICIPATION - HURRICANE ANDREW
SHARES HF Radio Program
Station Participation
Hurricane Andrew
1600 EDT, August 25, 1992
2-23
Additional efforts during FY92 pertained
Exercise I.E. Zelda. Exercise I.E. ZELDA
to the following:
was a FEMA Region 3-sponsored exercise.
The exercise scenario depicted significant dam-
Continued to conduct periodic nationwide
age resulting from a hurricane, requiring
exercises to maintain and assess SHARES
Federal response under the Federal Response
capability. The exercises were designed to
Plan (FRP). Regional communications
provide training on SHARES radio oper-
response personnel were activated in accor-
ating and message formatting procedures,
dance with the Emergency Support Function 2
and to expand awareness of SHARES
Annex (Communications) of the FRP. The
throughout the Federal emergency
NCC provided response cell support and tech-
planning and response community.
nical assistance throughout the exercise.
Conducted two SHARES exercises, on
Regional Emergency Management
December 3, 1991, and April 21, 1992,
Team Communications Functional Group
which involved more than 200 operators
Training. During June 1992, the OMNCS, in
from 93 HF stations and represented 24
coordination with the OSTP and FEMA, con-
separate organizations. Of the 280
ducted a series of 2-day training sessions at four
SHARES messages processed during the
Federal Regional Centers (FRC). The training
exercises, 95 percent were successfully
was provided to Government and industry
completed.
members of the CFGs. The first day of training
was dedicated to informational briefings pro-
JOINT TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESOURCES
vided by the OMNCS training team. Subjects
BOARD (JTRB)
included status of the NTMS implementation;
the evolving role of the CFG and the FRP; the
The JTRB did not meet during FY92.
TSP System; and the role of the CFG, CSI
However, a JTRB task force, under the leader-
program, and TEDSS. A tabletop exercise was
ship of OSTP, met three times to develop and
conducted during the second day. The exercise
approve a series of documents that describe the
allowed the team to examine various issues that
procedures to transition from a peacetime to a
could arise during the activation of the REMT
war environment. AJTRB reference manual was
in response to a limited nuclear laydown on the
distributed to the Director, OSTP and all JTRB
United States. More than 100 Government and
principals.
industry representatives participated in the four
training events.
NATIONAL PLAN FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Federal Field Exercise 3. The OMNCS
SUPPORT IN NoN-WARTIME EMERGENCIES
is assisting in the planning of a major exercise
of the Federal Radiological Emergency
The revised National Plan for
Response Plan (FRERP). FFE-3 is jointly
Telecommunications Support in Non-
sponsored by the Nuclear Regulatory
Wartime Emergencies was released for distrib-
Commission, Department of Energy, State of
ution in February 1992 by OSTP. This
Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Power and Light,
revision was prepared in coordination with and
and FEMA. The scenario depicts the release of
approved by the member organizations of the
radioactive material at a Pennsylvania nuclear
JTRB.
power plant that requires emergency response
as directed by the FRERP and the FRP. The
OPERATIONAL READINESS AND EXERCISE
exercise is scheduled for February 1993. NCS
SUPPORT
plans for participation in the exercise include
activation of a communications support team at
The NCS and NCC successfully partici-
the Federal Radiological Monitoring and
pated in the following exercises:
Assessment Center, an Emergency Support
Function (ESF) 2 Communications Support
Team at the Disaster Field Office, and ESF 2
2-24
support to the Emergency Support Team and
that would arise while responding to National
the Catastrophic Disaster Response Group at
Contingency Plan activities. The NCS was
FEMA Headquarters and to the NCC.
invited to participate because of the broad array
of knowledge and capabilities available to the
FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN
OMNCS by the NCS member organizations.
In early 1992, the new FRP was signed by
CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
all of the plan's primary and support agencies.
INGESTION PATHWAY EXERCISE
Under the plan, the NCS is charged as the pri-
mary agency for the Communications Annex,
The NCS provided an observer to the
ESF 2. ESF 2 was revised to reflect the January
FEMA Region III Radiologic Emergency
1992 National Plan for Telecommunications
Preparedness (REP) exercise at the Calvert
Support in Non-Wartime Emergencies
Cliffs nuclear power plant. This afforded NCS
(National Plan). Additional changes were
personnel the opportunity to observe, com-
incorporated in midyear. The resulting docu-
ment on, and assist in a nonwartime radiologic
ment was forwarded to FEMA for inclusion in
incident. Functioning as observers allowed
the FRP. This effort concludes a 2-year effort
NCS representatives to visit a number of sites
by the Federal community to adopt an all-haz-
during the exercise, including the Baltimore
ards response plan.
Gas and Electric Emergency Operations
Facility (EOF), Media Operations Center
FEDERAL RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
(MOC), and Prince Georges County Office of
RESPONSE PLAN
Emergency Preparedness. The exercise proved
to be a valuable tool to assist the NCS planners
The FRERP is undergoing minor changes
in preparing the upcoming FFE-3.
before distribution to the Federal radiological
community for final approval. The NCS com-
OPERATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
munications section of the FRERP was com-
CAPABILITIES
pleted previously in 1992 after collaboration
between the GSA and NCS.
Interdepartment Radio Advisory
Committee. The NCS participates in the
The Federal Response Subcommittee is
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee
working on the language to a new annex to the
(IRAC) as an observer. During this year, the
FRP. This annex, entitled "Radiological
NCS and FEMA sponsored a request for 10
Emergency Annex," will provide the bridging
frequencies in the 162 to 172 MHz govern-
language between the FRERP and the FRP.
ment VHF-FM band. The National
Once completed, the FRP can be activated to
Telecommunications and Information
provide assistance in a radiological emergency.
Administration (NTIA) had called for a new band
This allows a broader Federal response and
plan incorporating new narrowband radio opera-
recovery assistance than could be provided by
tions for this portion of radio spectrum. This ini-
the FRERP alone. The new annex and the
tiative would allow a greater number of channels
revised FRERP are due for completion late in
for government use. FEMA and the NCS asked
1992.
that 10 channels be set aside for joint Federal/State
use during a disaster. The NTIA approved this
OTHER FEDERAL PLANNING ACTIVITIES
request and the frequencies have been assigned.
The use of these frequencies is pending develop-
The Environmental Protection Agency
ment of a channel use plan by FEMA, coordinated
(EPA) requested that the NCS provide repre-
with the IRAC and the NCS.
sentation on the Communications
Subcommittee of the National Response
Team. This group of Federal representatives is
tasked with addressing communications issues
2-25
United States Military Commun-
Individual Mobilization Augmentees.
ications Electronics Board. This year the
The IMA program provides U.S. Army
United States Military Communications
Reservist personnel to augment the staff of the
Electronics Board (USMCEB) changed its mis-
OMNCS during emergencies or crises. The
sion and charter. The board decided that it
OMNCS is authorized 49 IMA positions. In
should narrow its focus and address only issues
addition to performing inactive duty and
regarding interoperability. This change was
annual training, the IMAs participated in the
approved by the USMCEB principals in April of
OMNCS and FEMA-sponsored regional
this year. Summarily, a new charter and member-
training sessions at Bothell, Washington;
ship is going to be drafted for review by the
Denver, Colorado; Denton, Texas; and
USMCEB principals.
Maynard, Massachusetts. A milestone was
achieved this year with the first annual IMA
NCS Frequency Management. In 1992,
conference held 17 to 19 July 1992, in Reston,
the NCS requested HF and very high fre-
VA. The conference focused on the definition
quency (VHF) spectrum through the U.S.
of the IMA duties in support of the OMNCS
Army. These requests, once granted, will sup-
and FEMA regions.
port a number of NCS initiatives including
SHARES and the NTMS missions. In
TECHNOLOGY AND STANDARDS
response to the NCS need for frequencies
during emergencies, the U.S. Navy MARS
program supplied two temporary use frequen-
The NCS Office of Technology and
cies to the NCS. These frequencies are for
Standards (NT) conducts technical analyses
emergencies and are under the NCS Navy
and performs standards work in telecommuni-
cations technical areas that affect NS/EP.
MARS call sign (NNNONCS). These
frequencies may be used by any SHARES
Technical staff develop Federal telecommuni-
member desiring to contact the NCC.
cation standards to address key NS/EP areas
such as interoperability. These personnel also
participate in the work activities of commercial
OMNCS AUGMENTEE PROGRAM
standards forums, both nationally and interna-
tionally. Participation enables staff personnel to
The development of the augmentee
effectively gain insight into evolving technol-
program, which was formalized in 1988,
ogy and provide NS/EP guidance during the
continued during FY92. This program is
formulation of commercial standards.
composed of the National Defense Executive
Reserve (NDER) and the U.S. Department of
the Army's Individual Mobilization Augmentee
TECHNOLOGY
(IMA) Program. The augmentees serve within
the OMNCS during national emergencies or
Analysis of the Implications of Digital
Cellular Communications for NS/EP.
crises.
Cellular analog mobile phone service was
National Defense Executive Reserve.
developed in the 1960's and introduced approx-
The NDER's are highly qualified business
imately 10 years ago to overcome the problem
executives and other civilian personnel trained
of radio spectrum overcrowding. Cellular tech-
to serve in key government positions during
niques greatly improve radio spectrum effi-
periods of national emergency. The Manager,
ciency. However, due to rapid growth in some
urban areas, demand for cellular service exceeds
NCS, unit had 32 members during FY92.
NDER's have telecommunications or emer-
service capacity. Consequently, the cellular
gency management expertise. They partici-
industry initiated development of digital tech-
pated in a number of Manager, NCS-
niques to provide solutions to the service capac-
sponsored training activities at the national and
ity shortfall. These digital techniques should
regional levels. One participated in Global War
improve NS/EP capabilities. Some of the
Game 1992.
improvements in digital technology expected in
the near future include:
2-26
Increased radio frequency spectrum
A workable model to accurately depict
efficiency with significantly reduced
radiation effects on CMOS
noise and interference.
Preliminary analysis to determine if
Lighter, more compact equipment with
CMOS can be made radiation hard
decreased power consumption.
without requiring changes in the
manufacturing process.
Enhanced service feature capabilities,
such as priority treatment.
Universal Personal Telecommun-
ications Technology Assessment. An
Improved security services. Digital
assessment of Universal Personal Telecom-
signals are more conducive to authentica-
munications (UPT) and related technology
tion, message encryption, and voice
trends was conducted. The concept of personal
privacy than analog. Reference
communications includes the ability to commu-
Page 2A-7 for a detailed standards
nicate from person to person, while allowing
information source.
both terminal and personal communications
mobility. A key feature is the association of a
NS/EP WIRELESS SERVICES
telephone number, the UPT number, with the
user rather than with a piece of terminal equip-
Recent developments in the rapidly growing
ment. UPT will allow access to universal tele-
and evolving wireless digital telecommunications
communication services with complete personal
industry have the potential to adversely affect the
mobility.
ability of the national telecommunications infra-
structure to support NS/EP wireless users. These
ITS HF RADIO INTEROPERABILITY
developments have caused concern within
TEST FACILITY
Government and industry. Therefore, as a result
of measures taken by senior-level government
personnel and NSTAC recommendations, the
OMNCS became the Government focal point
for wireless services. This office began work
with three major objectives:
Identification and evaluation of NCS
NS/EP wireless service needs
Identification of potentially adverse
effects on NS/EP needs due to the
emerging technology of wireless services
Utilization of standards, policies,
procedures, and initiatives to address and
satisfy NCS NS/EP wireless service needs.
Modeling of Radiation Effects in
Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductors. Complementary Metal
Oxide Semiconductors (CMOS) technology is
used extensively in electronic equipment. The
extremely low power consumption of CMOS is
its key quality. However, CMOS is vulnerable
to fallout radiation. This vulnerability was
addressed through a special work effort that
centers on:
2-27
The concept for UPT originated within
sources are denied or significantly reduced to
the International Telegraph and Telephone
the U.S. telecommunications industry. This
Consultative Committee (CCITT) in 1990.
work included:
Due to widespread United States interest, a
new T1 technical subcommittee (TSC) was
A survey of foreign telecommunications,
established for personal communication service
information products, and services that
and UPT. The concept of UPT would not be
affect the United States
possible without the advent of the Intelligent
Network (IN) and its extension, Advanced
Establishment of an assessment
Intelligent Network (AIN). UPT is a service
mechanism to define the degree of U.S.
concept independent of the network and able
dependence on foreign sources
to take advantage of new developments in
telecommunications.
Analysis of foreign-supplied items that
highly affect U.S. mobilization.
UPT can provide some important func-
tionalities that will likely affect NS/EP. These
Preliminary conclusions reached from the
include:
analysis include:
Flexibility
Foreign source vulnerability is real
Transportability
Interoperability
Foreign source information is guarded
Security.
by manufacturing companies
UPT features needed for NS/EP include
Global foreign source information can
safeguards:
only be obtained by mail survey - a
survey cannot be used to identify
To lower the probability of detection of
specific problem components
NS/EP locations by unauthorized
personnel
A technical understanding of foreign
source dependence remains paramount.
To protect network hardware and
software supporting NS/EP communica-
Additional analysis work for future tasking
tions from accidental or malicious
will encompass the critical foreign dependence
manipulation and destruction
areas of:
To reduce or eliminate potential
Fiber optic products
electronic penetration of the network to
Wireless products
prevent corruption of NS/EP data.
Telecommunications factory equipment
Semiconductor components/assemblies.
UPT is expected to evolve over a long
period of time. It is totally dependent upon the
Electromagnetic Pulse. The OMNCS
implementation of other technologies and sys-
sponsors the Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)
tems, including evolving market needs.
Mitigation Program in response to E.O. 12472
and NSDD-97. The program goals include:
Telecommunications Industry
Dependence on Foreign Sources. The U.S.
Identification of PSN assets critical
telecommunications industry dependence on
for restoral
foreign sources relative to the mobilization
needs of the U.S. telecommunications infra-
Estimation of EMP effects on these
structure remains a significant NS/EP concern.
assets and the networks in which these
Therefore, work commenced to assess effects
assets are embedded
on U.S. telecommunications if foreign industry
2-28
Determination of hardening measures
Fiber Optic Transmission (FT) Series
to minimize effects due to upset and
G. Performance of the AT&T Series G system
damage.
under an EMP event remains crucial to the
NCS because this system is the dominant
So far the entire EMP Mitigation Program
transmission system used in the AT&T net-
has demonstrated that physical damage to
work. Consequently, the OMNCS selected this
telecommunications equipment subject to sim-
critical telecommunications asset for simulated
ulated EMP testing has been minimal.
EMP tests. Simulated EMP tests on the Series
However, the program has revealed that the
G system revealed two responses to unmodified
switching and digital cross connect equipment
system exposures above a field strength of 25
subject to simulated EMP is affected by "soft-
kV/m:
ware upset," a condition that requires manual
reloading and reinitialization of switch soft-
Protective shutdown of repeater and
ware. These results were taken into account
end-office power packs
during network analysis work. This work
focused on network evaluation techniques
End-office interface packs losing ability
while addressing point-pair connectivity and
to synchronize signals for transmission
grade of service in telecommunication net-
through the Series G system.
works. The OMNCS will remain the focal
point within the Federal Government for EMP
Almost all end-office buildings provide
technical data and studies that concern EMP
sufficient EMP attenuation to reduce field
effects on telecommunications, although simu-
strength below 25 kV/m during EMP events.
lated EMP testing of major hardware concluded.
Therefore, end-office power packs that benefit
Reference NCSD 4-2, page 2-4.
from attenuation from end-office structures
should not inhibit the Series G system during
Harris Radios. Data analysis from simu-
an EMP event. In contrast, however, repeater
lated EMP on the Harris single sideband (SSB)
housings of the Series G system do not possess
HF R3200 transceiver was completed. This
sufficient inherent EMP attenuation to reduce
transceiver can serve as an alternative means of
EMP field strength below 25 kV/m for
communication for elements of the NCS if
repeater power electronics. Mitigation methods
landline service is severely disrupted. This
include electronic modification of the repeater
particular transceiver was selected for simulated
power supply.
EMP testing because of its compatibility with
installed operating equipment. Data analysis
Northern Telecom FD-565. Simulated
indicated:
EMP tests of the Northern Telecom FD-565
fiber optic communications system were con-
The Harris system may be high altitude
ducted simultaneously with the AT&T FT
electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) survivable.
Series G system. The Northern Telecom FD-
565 system did not experience any protective
Survivability is directly affected by
shutdowns or loss of signal ability during simu-
antenna coupling protection.
lated EMP tests.
Initial test results indicated that the Harris
Management of Stressed Facility
transceiver was not hard to simulated HEMP-
Networks. The goal of the distributed facilities
induced transients when coupled to an antenna
restoration activities is to understand the effects
during a simulated HEMP event. A recom-
of network management controls on the per-
mendation was made to retest the Harris sys-
formance of intelligent facility networks, partic-
tem under structured conditions using data
ularly with regard to the ability of such
from the first test. The transceiver and radio
networks to provide telecommunication ser-
frequency coupler were input/output protected
vices under emergency conditions. "Intelligent"
by in-line current-limiting capability protection
in this context, refers to the fact that the net-
devices in a successful system retest.
works are able to adapt to unpredictable net-
work damage because of their message-based
2-29
signaling and programmed distributed restora-
Network Management of Stressed
tion algorithms. Facility networks can also be
Intelligent Networks. Analysis was performed
used for rapid provisioning of new high data
on the AT&T switch and facility networks with
rate services that would be robust under a vari-
respect to the dynamic stress factors of damage
ety of damage scenarios. The functional cor-
and overload. The resultant recommendations
nerstone of this effort is the DCS system.
for network management controls focus on:
The motivation for the study of distributed
AT&T switching and signaling
facilities restoration is that there is no industry
AT&T facility networks.
standard for handling large-scale communica-
tion failures. Individual carriers may spend
Related Analysis Efforts. Improved
hours or days trying to reconfigure or repair
understanding of EMP and other nuclear
their networks, and no plans are in place that
effects on the PSN's through analysis.
would help transfer essential failed services
Mathematical and computer modeling tools to
from one carrier to another in an emergency.
predict congestion performance and the con-
In addressing these issues, this study will rec-
ductivity of the PSN during stressed conditions
ommend restoration procedures within a single
were employed. Two computer modeling tools
carrier's network that may be generalized to
utilized were:
operations between carriers. The issues con-
cerning the access between a customer and the
Queuing Traffic Congestion Model
point of presence (POP) of a common carrier
(QTCM)
will not be directly addressed by this program.
Network Connectivity Analysis Model
Communication failures caused by earth-
(NCAM).
quakes, hurricanes, floods, large-scale fires, and
terrorist sabotage will be addressed by this
Basic Immunity From High Altitude
program.
Electromagnetic Pulse. A project proposal,
Electrical Protection for Central Offices and
Digital Cross-Connect Systems (DCS),
Similar Facilities from HEMP, was submitted
the switches that cross connect digital trunks
to a major forum (Standards Committee T1).
such as DS-1 or DS-3 to each other, are play-
The OMNCS anticipates American National
ing an increasingly significant role in ensuring
Standards Institute (ANSI) approval of this
reliability and survivability of the PSN.
proposal early in FY93. This proposal stems
Originally conceived as an electronic alterna-
from work originally recommended by the
tive to manually wire cross-connect systems,
NSTAC EMP Task Force.
DCS now plays a critical role in self-healing
networks. DCS is also emerging as the princi-
Single Mode Fiber Fabrication Factors
pal means by which asynchronous digital
and Radiation Response. In addition to
transmission facilities connect with the rapidly
studying the effects of EMP on telecommuni-
emerging Synchronous Optical Networks
cations equipment, an analysis of the effects of
(SONET).
fallout radiation was performed. The radiation
response of single-mode fiber was tested and
AT&T introduced the first DCS's, known
evaluated. The most stressing environment for
as the Digital Access and Cross-Connect
fiber optic transmission systems consists of fall-
System (DACS), in 1981. As early as 1986, the
out subsequent to a nuclear attack because the
flexibility and responsiveness of the DACS
long lengths of fiber possess a potential for
were recognized and used in the Defense
exposure to high total doses of radiation. The
Commercial Telecommunications Network to
susceptibility of some types of commercially
provide flexibility to switch wideband transmis-
available fiber optic cable to optical darkening
sion facilities required by video conferencing
(and therefore increased signal loss and bit
services.
error rate) after exposure to ionizing radiation
raises questions about the use of fiber optics
following a nuclear conflict. The radiation
2-30
hardness of fibers has improved in recent years.
Nevertheless, an optimum radiation resistance
FTSC SUBCOMMITTEE ACTIVITIES
for single-mode fiber optics remains desirable
for NS/EP purposes. Analysis work included:
Fiber Optics. Work included participa-
tion in the work of the FTSC's subcommittee
Establishing an optimum method for
on fiber optics. Technical areas of concern to
performing fabrication and fiber drawing
the user community addressed by the subcom-
to minimize radiation sensitivity of
mittee included:
matched clad single-mode fibers.
Components and systems for on-
Planning for experiments to determine,
premises applications
with statistical confidence, parameters
Long-haul transmission requirements.
critical for fiber radiation hardness.
Voice Communications and
STANDARDS
Interoperability Standards. Work included
participation in an accredited specialized voice
Federal Telecommunications
and data processing working group of technical
Standards Program. E.O. 12472 assigns the
subcommittee TIA1. Evaluations were con-
Manager, NCS, responsibility for the Federal
ducted on the promotion of standards for:
Telecommunications Standards Program
(FTSP). Therefore, the Manager, NCS,
Contemporary speech coding techniques
established the FTSP. This program addresses
Federal telecommunications interoperability
The quantization distortion unit (QDU),
issues through development and coordination
a principal voice quality performance
of Federal telecommunication standards.
measure used for digital network planning.
Whenever feasible, the FTSP uses existing or
evolving industry, national, and international
Meteor Burst Communication
standards as the basis for Federal telecommuni-
Standards. Finishing touches were applied to a
cation standards. The Federal Telecommun-
family of three meteor burst communication
ications Standards Committee (FTSC), chaired
draft standards. These three draft standards
by the Assistant Manager, OMNCS Office of
(proposed Federal Standards 1055, 1056, and
Technology and Standards, serves as the pri-
1057) should be approved in early FY93.
mary mechanism for NCS member organiza-
tions to participate in FTSP work.
A study of advanced meteor burst commu-
nication techniques, as they relate to standard-
The FTSC meets monthly. The commit-
ization, was conducted. Such advanced
tee determines relevance and priority of stan-
techniques hold the promise of improving
dardization proposals, and recommends
throughput by one to two orders of magnitude.
positions that should be supported by Federal
These advanced techniques include:
Government members of national and interna-
tional standards committees. The committee
Adaptive antennas
also rules on the technical adequacy of draft
Advanced network topology and routing
Federal telecommunication standards before
Adaptive data rates
formal coordination within Government and
Advanced modulation techniques.
industry. The FTSC establishes subcommittees
to work on specific projects. The subcommit-
Land Mobile Radio. The FTSC Land
tees informally coordinate proposed draft stan-
Mobile Radio (LMR) Subcommittee continued
dards, attempt to resolve issues with
to closely monitor the work of Project 25 (see
recommendations to the FTSC, and document
next paragraph) and make key contributions to
any unresolved issues for appropriate FTSC
the Project 25 effort. NSA briefed the subcom-
action.
mittee on the Federal Government-unique
Type 1 encryption standards development
2-31
work that it has undertaken. These Type 1
HF Adaptive Radio Systems. Work cov-
encryption standards will ensure that manufac-
ered advanced features of HF adaptive radio
turers are able to implement interoperable
systems and the respective interfaces to multi-
Type 1 (e.g., classified) encryption in new land
media transmission systems. These systems
mobile radios for those Government users who
included:
require it.
Fiber optic cable
Significant progress was made toward the
VHF/ultra high frequency (UHF) radio
development of basic standards for next-gener-
Meteor burst and satellite.
ation LMR. The Project 25 Steering
Committee (of which the OMNCS is a mem-
HF Radio Simulator. Work began on
ber) decided on the vocoder, IMBE (Improved
enhancing the existing wideband HF channel
Multi-Band Excitation), an aggregate data rate
modeling simulation capability. Channel simu-
of 9,600 bits/s (of which 7,200 bits/s would be
lators permit the testing of equipment over the
reserved for the vocoder and vocoder error
full range of propagation conditions. In contrast,
protection), and the QPSK-C family of modu-
actual over-the-air tests include only those
lation techniques (one requiring a linear ampli-
propagation conditions that happen to be pre-
fier and 6.25 kHz of bandwidth and the other
sent at the time tests are performed.
not requiring a linear amplifier and requiring
12.5 kHz of bandwidth).
Grounding and Bonding. Work
included participation with industry to develop
High Frequency Radio. During FY92,
telecommunications grounding and bonding
the OMNCS participated in the work of the
standards for buildings. The work effort
FTSC's subcommittee on HF radio in which
stemmed from a request by some NCS member
HF automated radio features and functions
organizations. The post-AT&T divestiture lack
were addressed.
of industry and Government standards for
telecommunication grounding and bonding in
OTHER FTSP ACTIVITIES
buildings has caused various contractual difficul-
ties for government planners. As a result of the
Interoperability/Standards Acquisition
NT efforts, the FTSC facilitated Government
Information Source. NT has tracked stan-
planning and adopted three Federal standards
dards and associated recommendations for a
(1090 Series) to address telecommunications
number of years. This office has often been the
grounding and bonding.
focal point for government entities seeking
standards-related information. Recently, work
Teleconferencing. FTSC approval was
was initiated on a specialized computer-based
obtained for a video compression algorithm
interoperability and standards acquisition infor-
standard. This new standard further defines
mation source. This source supports telecom-
several CCITT recommendations dealing with
munication services and equipment
algorithms, data rates, and audiovisual services.
acquisitions. Acquisitions for complex systems
Technical areas cover:
often involve the specification of numerous
hardware and software components.
Video coding and multiplexing
Interoperability can only be ensured by the
designation of a set of standards that define
Electronic handshaking, control,
performance requirements and system-specific
indication, and terminal interfacing.
interfaces. The interoperability and standards
information source facilitates this process for
Significantly, the new Federal standard pro-
the Federal telecommunications user in the
vides the Federal community with the neces-
development of statements of work.
sary methodology to address interoperability
among video users.
2-32
High Definition Television. A general
Color Test Chart For Facsimile. NT
trend exists that will ultimately result in adop-
produced black and grey-scale bilevel image
tion of a U.S. High Definition Television
(facsimile) test charts. These test charts will be
(HDTV) transmission standard. At least four
used to test fax equipment for conformance to
separate U.S. business teams advocate HDTV
CCITT recommendations. The transmission
systems based on coding techniques of a
of accurate images of photographs, maps, etc.,
CCITT recommendation. Implementation of
provides additional information resources for
an all-digital transmission capability likely will
government decision makers during NS/EP
occur. The U.S. communications infrastruc-
events.
ture is already positioned to exploit HDTV
technology for various broadband integrated
Investigation of Store and Forward
services digital network (B-ISDN) applications.
Facsimile. Work included investigating capa-
The following are prime applications for
bilities of store-and-forward facsimile that
HDTV:
directly affect NS/EP. Examples of these capa-
bilities include:
Teleconferencing
Videophones.
A single image (fax message) that can be
transmitted once for delivery to many
Some key HDTV issues concern the
recipients. Therefore, the sender's
NCS. These issues center on whether the
terminal remains available for sending
future U.S. HDTV standard will be interoper-
or receiving other communications.
able, scalable, and extensible with other
telecommunication standards. The future
Images that can be encrypted for
HDTV will significantly affect information
security purposes. Sensitive images can
gathering capability for decision makers in the
be denied to unencrypted terminals and
NS/EP community.
unauthorized eavesdroppers.
Modem Standards. Modem standards
Image deliveries that can be deferred to
were addressed through Federal information
take advantage of noncongested periods.
processing standards (FIPS) publications. (FIPS
Automatic retry can be used if a
162-170.) These FTSC-approved standards
recipient's terminal is busy or off-line.
were approved and published by NIST.
(Reference page 2A-7.) Relevant CCITT rec-
Commercial Standards. As in previous
ommendations were extracted to formulate the
years, work continued with respect to participa-
Federal standards.
tion in activities of commercial voluntary
advanced standards forums. NT worked with
Modems. Work was conducted with
national and international standards telecom-
industry on development of a new high-speed
munication experts in a number of standards
modem called "V.fast." "V.fast" is designed to
forums. (Reference Exhibits 2A-1 through 2A-
operate at data rates up to 28 kbits/s over tele-
4 for more information on standards participa-
phone circuits consisting of 64 kbit/s pulse code
tion.) These experts represent manufacturers,
modulation (PCM) digital "backbone" facilities
vendors, service providers, and users. The
with analog "tails." It is planned that a facsimile
experts apply engineering techniques to
version of "V.fast" will be adopted for use with
develop telecommunication products and ser-
Group 3 facsimile equipment.
vices, based on anticipated commercial market-
place demands. New technology often surfaces
Patents and Publications. Work involved
in the forums 4 to 5 years before the technol-
the development and filing of two telecommuni-
ogy appears in publications. Therefore, plan-
cation patents. Expertise was applied to author
ners benefit directly by participation in
and co-author some commercial telecommuni-
commercial standards forums because valuable
cation publications. Refer to page 2A-1 for addi-
insight into future commercial offerings
tional information on these patents and
emerges. Technical work areas covered:
publications.
2-33
The Integrated Services Digital
Telecommunications Suppliers Association
Network (ISDN), including B-ISDN
(USTSA) and the Information and
Telecommunications Technologies Group
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
(ITTG) of the Electronics Industries
Association (EIA) merged. Some of TIA's func-
Synchronous Optical Network
tions include:
Signaling System 7
Providing effective liaison between
industry and governmental bodies
Telecommunications Management
Network.
Sponsoring or cosponsoring trade
shows and conferences
NATIONAL STANDARDS PARTICIPATION
Providing a forum for the discussion of
Committee T1. The NCS, through the
technical issues of concern to members,
OMNCS, maintains voting membership in the
and for the development of industry
Exchange Carriers Standards Association
standards for telecommunications
(ECSA), which sponsors Committee T1,
product sectors.
Telecommunications. This committee, accred-
ited by ANSI, creates technical standards for
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS PARTICIPATION
interconnection and interoperability of
telecommunication networks. Committee T1
International Telegraph and
also develops positions on technical standards
Telephone Consultative Committee. The
submitted by the U.S. Department of State for
CCITT, a part of the International Telecom-
international consideration. Work activities
munications Union (ITU), an agency of the
included participation in eight technical
United Nations, headquartered in Geneva,
subcommittees within Committee T1.
Switzerland, (see Exhibit 2A-3) produces
Recommendations that generally become
Committee X3. Work included participa-
world standards. These Recommendations
tion in four subcommittees within ANSI
provide guidance on the operational methods
accredited Committee X3. The NCS maintains
and techniques to use in the international
voting membership in this committee, which
telecommunications network. The bulk of
develops, reviews, approves, and maintains
CCITT Recommendation work takes place in
American national standards and technical
CCITT technical study groups.
reports in the area of information technology.
Committee X3 focuses on computers,
Commercial Standards Plans. Plans call
information processing systems, and office sys-
for additional OMNCS technical personnel par-
tems. The committee also develops standards
ticipation in commercial standards forums.
that provide for interoperability of hardware
Examples include the subcommittees of
and portability of software, and acts as a
Committee T1, the study groups of the
Technical Advisory Group to many interna-
CCITT, and the Xth CCITT Plenary
tional standards activities.
Assembly. Additions to technical staff, begun in
FY92, will enable the OMNCS to increase com-
Telecommunications Industry
mercial contacts and gain additional insight into
Association. The NCS, through the OMNCS,
evolving telecommunications technology. More
maintained voting membership in ANSI
NCS guidance on NS/EP issues will be pro-
accredited TIA, and participated in the work of
vided during formulation of national standards
four TIA subcommittees. TIA plays a signifi-
and international Recommendations to focus an
cant role in the formulation of standards for var-
appropriate level of attention on NS/EP needs
ious telecommunication products. TIA was
and concerns.
formed in April 1988, when United States
2-34
BASELINE MOBILIZATION PROGRAM
NATIONAL TRANSPORTABLE
The NCS Baseline Mobilization Program,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
designed by the OMNCS, implements the rec-
CAPABILITY (NTTC)
ommendations of the Joint Industry-
Government Telecommunications Industry
NTTC is a rapidly deployable, integrated
Mobilization (TIM) Group. In July 1990, the
satellite and cellular telecommunications
Assistant to the President for National Security
system. NTTC can be used to fulfill the imme-
Affairs requested that the Manager, NCS,
diate, short-term communication needs of
coordinate with NCS member organizations to
isolated government NS/EP users (military and
implement the specific telecommunications
civilian) during a wide range of emergency situ-
mobilization recommendations of the Joint
ations. Exhibit 2-15 illustrates the NTTC
TIM Group.
program. The NTTC consists of a single cell
site with a collocated mobile telephone switch-
In response, the OMNCS developed an
ing office, digital microwave system, Ku-band
implementation approach that includes identi-
satellite earth station, and other support equip-
fication of task responsibilities, a time-phased
ment. The NTTC is a leased telecommunica-
work plan, and a schedule of status reports. The
tions service using commercial, off-the-shelf
program will extend over 3 years, with 38 tasks
equipment. The system, which is ground and
distributed among NCS member organiza-
tions. The OMNCS briefed the COP and
air transportable to disaster and emergency
areas, can reconnect isolated NS/EP users to
COR on the status of the program and worked
each other and to the PSN. Two deployment
with individual member organizations to com-
exercises were conducted during FY91 to test
plete their implementation plans in accordance
with the TIM recommendations.
operational procedures and system transporta-
bility. The NTTC was deployed to Europe in
FY92 to demonstrate its capabilities to the
STATIC DISPLAY OF NTTC SYSTEM
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
and United States European Command
observers to enable them to assess the potential
applications of this technology in support of
future European contingency deployments.
Exhibit 2-16 shows the NTTC European
deployment configuration. Also in FY92, the
OMNCS deployed the NTTC system to
South Dade County, Florida, to support the
communications needs of the National Disaster
Medical System. It was deployed at the request
of the Federal Emergency Communications
Coordinator on behalf of the Department of
Health and Human Services to provide
emergency telecommunication services to the
medical staff for their disaster recovery efforts
after Hurricane Andrew. A revised NTTC
deployment guide, brochure, and video that
describe the procedures for the deployment
and operation of NTTC have also been devel-
oped and distributed.
2-35
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT NETWORK
A Bellcore contract to support AIN
assessments and service demonstrations
The OMNCS has recently created the
AIN Program Office to evaluate IN and AIN
Bell Atlantic technology demonstrations
technologies. AIN technology is an evolving,
service independent architecture that allows
Informational briefings at joint
telecommunications service providers to
Government and industry forums.
quickly and economically create, modify, and
implement new and existing services for their
The AIN Program Office will continue to
customers. AIN technology has significant
assess AIN technologies, further define NS/EP
potential to quickly and cost-effectively develop
requirements, determine potential NS/EP AIN
advanced services that meet the telecommuni-
services, and work with industry and members
cation requirements of the NS/EP community.
of the NS/EP community to further influence
the direction of future AIN deployments.
The AIN Program Office has been
charged with influencing the direction of the
technology's implementation to ensure that
NS/EP requirements are taken into considera-
tion in the deployment of the technology by
the LEC's and IEC's. The Program Office has
participated with industry through:
EXHIBIT 2-15
NTTC PROGRAM
CARD
PBX
PSN
Gateway
Cellular
Transportable MTSO
23-GHZ Digital Microwave Link
PSN
Users
and Cell Site
and Ku-Band Transportable
Satellite System
2-36
EXHIBIT 2-16
NTTC EUROPEAN DEPLOYMENT
Demonstration Site
European Gateway
STU-IIIA
EUTELSAT
Cellular
Phones (US)
STU
FO
DSN
T1 Cable
Data
PC
TCF
Cellular
Phones
VF
Fax
T1
Cable
Fax
Cable
Satellite
Pairs
P
Cell Site
Satellite
Terminal
STU-IIB
MTSO
Terminal
Phones (NATO)
TCF
Phones
(NTTC)
(Mercury Comm)
IVSN
Spandex 40
PC
Data
STU-II
HQ USEUCOM, Stuttgart, GE, or
NATO HQ, Brussels, BE
London, UK
Uxbridge, UK
MOBILE SATELLITE EXPERIMENT AND
Under the ACTS program, the NCS
funded the following:
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS
Two T-1 Ka-band VSAT satellite earth
TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE
stations to support several experiments
involving NS/EP user access
Under two MOAs, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Priority/precedence features
will support OMNCS experiments involving
the Advanced Communications Technology
Secure communications.
Satellite (ACTS) and the Mobile Satellite
Experiment (MSAT-X). Both programs sup-
Additional experimentation will be per-
port NSDD-97 and E.O. 12472, which refer-
formed using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
ence using satellite systems to support NS/EP
(JPL) developed ACTS Mobile Terminal to
requirements. ACTS and MSAT-X experi-
demonstrate Ka-band secure communications
ments will provide the NCS with hands-on
on the move.
experience in state-of-the-art technology to use
as potential backup communications during
The NCS MSAT-X effort includes the
crises and emergencies.
following:
ACTS will provide the following:
Influencing a major satellite carrier's
architecture to include NS/EP
Communications in a high microwave
requirements
frequency band (e.g., Ka)
The development of secure and
Rain fade compensation
survivable mobile satellite assets
On-board processing and switching
Participation in testing and analysis of
the mobile satellite capabilities.
Spot beams.
2-37
The NCS is funding the JPL to develop a
NATO CIVIL COMMUNICATIONS
link simulator of the envisioned MSAT service.
PLANNING COMMITTEE
The simulator will allow preliminary analysis of
various equipment under anticipated conditions
The OMNCS and NCC represent the
to determine applications to NS/EP require-
United States on the NATO Civil
ments. Both of these experimental programs
Communications Planning Committee
enable the NCS to influence the commercial
(CCPC) and its working group (CCPCWG).
implementation of these new technologies to
For this forum, the NCS and NCC are consid-
ensure NS/EP user requirements are addressed.
ered the U.S. Post, Telephone and Telegraph
(PTT). The CCPC also has two other groups
reporting to it, the Exercise Planning Team
INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
and the Electromagnetic Pulse Expert Group.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANNING
The NCS provides leadership and representa-
tives in both of these groups that also make up a
ACTIVITIES
part of the U.S. delegation. The Department of
UNITED STATES AND CANADA
State detailee to the OMNCS is the U.S.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANNING
representative to the CCPC and to its working
group and heads the U.S. delegation to the
Two working group meetings of the
CCPC when it meets in Plenary Session. The
U.S./Canada Civil Emergency Preparedness
CCPC met in Plenary Session twice during this
Committee for Telecommunications were held
reporting period, once in Oslo, Norway, and
during FY92 under the co-chairmanship of the
once at The Hague, the Netherlands.
Manager, NCC. Additionally, Canadian mem-
bers of the committee attended the U.S. earth-
The United States successfully introduced
quake exercise RESPONSE 92B conducted in
a new generation of secure voice/data equip-
the Pacific Northwest. The committee contin-
ment into the NATO environment. The
ues to exchange information on cross-border
equipment, Secure Telephone Unit-II/B
telecommunication issues and prepared a
(STU-II/B) has now been ordered by most
report to be delivered to the U.S./Canada Civil
NATO nations and delivery has begun. The
STU-II/B will be used in both the civil and
Emergency Preparedness Consultative Group.
This latter body met in Vancouver, British
military community.
Columbia, in June 1992, under the co-chair-
manship of the Director, FEMA and the
Studies conducted by the NCS in coopera-
Director General, Emergency Preparedness-
tion with the National Security Agency have
Canada. The Manager, NCC, represented the
yielded the following:
Committee for Telecommunications at this
meeting. A proposal to establish four regional
Production of a prototype secure X.400
committees was adopted. These regional com-
encryption/decryption system that has
been demonstrated to the NATO
mittees will be composed of members from the
four U.S. FEMA Regions bordering on
community. The secure process uses
current X.400 networks to transfer
Canada, and from the associated Canadian
Provincial governments. Telecommunications
encrypted information via commercial
and other technical representatives will be
e-mail systems.
invited to participate as required.
International testing of the prototype
capability using AT&T's Easy Link and
British Telecom's Gold e-mail systems.
France, Germany, and the Netherlands
have agreed to join the international
test phase when the United States and
the United Kingdom have achieved
success.
2-38
FY92 saw tremendous change in the
Continued to analyze priority
European political and military environment.
preference schemes and systems for
NATO has reexamined its purpose and its
access to public switched telephone
member nations have agreed to a new NATO
networks in all alliance countries
strategic concept and to establish mechanisms
for cooperation with the former Soviet Union
Studied selected member nations' civil
and the central and eastern European coun-
emergency telecommunication systems
tries. As a result of this major change, the
CCPC has done the following:
Completed NATO plans for support for
the movement of priority mail during
Reviewed its previous plans and activities
crises and war
Recommended revisions
Submitted completely revised postal and
telecommunication sections of the NATO
Proposed to the military side of the
Civil Emergency Planning Questionnaire
alliance how the civilian telecommunica-
tions infrastructure could provide support
Reduced the activities and status of the
hitherto only provided by the military
CCPC's expert groups.
community
As a result of the new environment, the
NATO CCPC conducted the following activi-
ties in FY92:
Revised the CCPC's Compendium to
reflect its and NATO's new requirements
Prepared NATO civil communications
planning concepts to support NATO's
New Strategic Concept
Presented a civil telecommunication
capabilities symposium to the NATO
Communication and Information
Systems Committee and other
interested NATO organizations
Provided communication proposals to
support new crisis management
arrangements for NATO and for its
Senior Civil Emergency Planning
Committee
Reviewed and modified, as required,
current and future communications
improvement plans for NATO Civil
Wartime Agencies
Monitored development of the revised
NATO Command, Control, and
Communications Master Plans
2-39
APPENDIX TO COMMERCIAL
STANDARDS
PATENTS (DEVELOPED AND FILED)
(1) Amplitude Adaptive Vector Quantization
Algorithm (new)
(2) Modification to Patent # 4,703,362 on
Symbol Removal/Hybrid Algorithm
PUBLICATIONS
(1) Facsimile Transmission Via HF Radio,
IEEE Vehicular Technology, Fall 1991
(2) National Telecommunications
Infrastructure Delivers Service in Stressed
Environments, IEEE Spectrum, Fall 1991
(3) Subjective and Objective Testing of Video
Teleconferencing/Videotelephone
System, IEEE Communications Society
Globecom Conference, December 1991
LIST OF REFERENCES
Electronics Industry Association (EIA)
Technical Requirements Committee TR 45.2,
IS-41 Revision A, Cellular Radiotelecomm-
unication Intersystem Operation.
Electronics Industry Association Technical
Requirements Committee TR 45.3,
International Standards (IS) 54 Revision B, Dual
Mode Cellular System.
2A-1
EXHIBIT 2A-1
x3 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART FOR x3
JTC1
ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1
Information Technology
ANSI
CBEMA
JTC1 TAG
American Standards Institute
Computer Business and
Equipment Manufacturers
Standards Planning
Secretariat
& Requirements
Management
Committee
Committee
Accredited Standards Committee,
Database
Systems
X3
Strategic
Planning
Study Group
Committee
Information Processing Systems
Fault Isolation
Consumer
General Interest
Producer
Information
Members
Members
Members
Study Group
X3 Technical
Committees
X3A1
Optical Character Recognition
X3J1
PL/I
X3K5
Vocabulary
X3B5
Digital Magntic Tape
X3J2
Basic
X3B6
Instrumentation Tape
X3J3
Fortran
X3L2
Codes & Character Sets
X3B7
Magnetic Disks
X3J4
COBOL
X3L3
Audio/Picture Coding
X3B8
Flexible Disk Cartridges
X3J7
APT
X3L8
CData Representation
X3J9
X3B9
PASCAL
Paper/Forms Layout
X3J10
APL
X3S3
Data Communications
X3B10
Credit/Identification Cards
X3J11
c
X3B11
Optical Digital Data Disks
X3J12
DIBOL
x3T2
Data Exchange
X3J13
LISP
x3T3
Open Distrubuted Processing
X3J14
FORTH
x3T4
Security Techniques
X3J15
DATABUS
X3T5
Open Systems Interconnection
X3J16
C++
x3T6
Non-Contact Info System Interface
X3J17
PROLOG
x3T9
I/O Interface
X3J18
REXX
X3H2
Database
X3V1
Text: Office & Publishing Systems
X3W1
Text: Office Machines
x3H3
Computer Graphics
X3H4
Information Resource & Dictionary
SC21
Tag-Information Retrieval,
X3H5
Parallel Processing Constructs for
Transfer & Management for ISO
SC22
TAG-Languages
High Level Programming Languages
FY92 NT PARTICIPATION
2A-2
EXHIBIT 2A-2
TIA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Board of Directors
Executive Committee
President
Staff
Small
Public Policy
Membership,
Marketing &
Technical
International
Gov't
Company
Scope
Trade Show
Committee
Committee
Committee
Relations
Committee
Committee
Committee
User
Network
Roadrunners
Mobile
Fiber
Premises
Equipment
International
Communications
Optics
Equipment
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Fixed Point
TR-14
Land
TR-5
Standards
To Point
Mobile
FO-2
Testing
& Regulatory
Labs
Section
Section
Affairs
FO-5
Section
Section
TR-20
Personal
Broadcast
TR-32
Communication
Section
Section
TR-29*
Circuit &
Facsimile
Packet
Cellular
TR-45*
Switching
Section
Digital Cellular
Section
TR-30*Data
Communication
Network
TR-34
Interfaces
Satellite
Section
TR-41*
Telecom
Equipment
and Fiber Optics
*NT PARTICIPATION
2A-3
EXHIBIT 2A-3
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
UNION (ITU) STRUCTURE
Three Temporary Organs
PLENIPOTENTIARY CONFERENCE
Supreme authority of the Union, ultimately responsible
for all policy. Meets at six- to eight-year intervals.
ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCIL
Ensures the efficient coordination of the Union, works
in all policy, administrative, and financial matters.
Meets once a year.
WORLD AND REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE RADIO
CONFERENCES (WARC & RARC)
Conduct limited focus agenda conferences, mostly for
radio frequency allocations and associated regulations.
FIVE PERMANENT ORGANS
General
IFRB
CCIR
CCITT
BDT
Secretariat
Responsible for
recording and
10 Study Groups
15 Study Groups
Facilitates and
Responsible for
negotiation of
study radio and
study and issue
enhances
all secretarial
frequency assignments,
associated operating
technical
telecommunications
functions of the
and the positioning of
questions. Issue
recommendations on
development.
Union, and
geostationary
technical
telecommunications,
other functions
satellites. Responsible
recommendations.
other than those
as assigned.
for advice on spectrum
under CCIR purview.
interference and the
preparing of radio
conferences.
FY92 NT PARTICIPATION
The ITU was founded in 1865 and as such is the oldest intergovernmental organization. In 1947, the ITU
became a specialized agency of the United Nations and has a membership (as of July 1992) of 172 countries,
including nine republics of the former Soviet Union. The ITU's official and working languages are: Arabic,
Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
The ITU is the international organization responsible for the regulation and planning of telecommunications
worldwide. The ITU is also responsible for the establishment of equipment and systems operating standards.
Other responsibilities include the coordination and dissemination of information required for the planning and
operation of telecommunications services. The ITU promotes and contributes to the development of
telecommunications and the related infrastructure within the United Nation's system.
2A-4
EXHIBIT 2A-4
STRUCTURE OF COMMITTEE T1 (FY92)
T1
T1AG
(T1 Advisory Group)
(Eight Technical Subcommittees [TSC's] of T1)
T1A1
T1M1
T1P1
T1Q1
T1X1
Performance
Internetwork
Systems
Performance
Digital
and Signal
T1E1
Operations,
Engineering,
T1S1
Hierarchy and
T1Y1
Processing
Administration,
Standards
Synchronization
Maintenance,
Planning
Network
and Provisioning
and Program
Services,
Specialized
Interfaces
Architecture
Management
Projects
and Signaling
FY92 PARTICIPATION BY NT PERSONNEL.
CCITT STUDY GROUPS FOR THE 1988-1992
STUDY PERIOD
Designation
Title
Study Group x
Languages for
Telecommunication
Study Group I
Services
Applications
Study Group II
Network Operation
Study Group XI
Switching and Signaling
Study Group III
Tariff and Accounting
Study Group XII
Transmission
Principles
Performance of
Study Group IV
Maintenance
Telephone Networks
Study Group V
Protection Against
and Terminals
Electromagnetic Effects
Study Group XV
Transmission Systems
Study Group VI
Outside Plant
and Equipment*
Study Group VII
Data Communications
Study Group XVII
Data Transmission
Networks*
Over the Telephone
Study Group VIII
Terminals for Telematic
Network*
Services*
Study Group XVIII ISDN
Study Group IX
Telegraph Networks
and Telegraph Terminal
* FY92 NT Participation
Equipment
2A-5
EXHIBIT 2A-5
LIST OF FY92 TECHNICAL INFORMATION
BULLETINS (TIB's)
TIB #
Title
Date
AD #
91-11
Correlation of Single Mode Fiber Fabrication Functions and
Nov 1991
A247 301
Radiation Response
Basic Protection Against High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse for
Nov 1991
91-12
Telecommunications Central Offices and Similar-type Facilities
(an Above-Baseline Standard)
91-13
Investigation of Group 3 and Group 4 Store and Forward Facsimile
Dec 1991
Switching Service
91-14
Modification of the Group 4 Validation System
Dec 1991
Supersedes NCS TIB 89-13
91-15
Standardization of End-to-End Performance of Digital Video
Dec 1991
Teleconferencing/Video Telephony Systems
91-16
Color Test Chart for Facsimile Superseded by NCS TIB 92-10
Dec 1991
92-1
Details to Assist in Implementation of Federal Standard 1016 CLEP
Jan 1992
92-2
Modeling of Radiation Effects in CMOS
Jan 1992
92-3
Investigation of High-Definition Television for Application to
Feb 1992
Teleconferencing
92-4
Not Used
Sept 1992
92-5
The Effects of High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) on
Feb 1992
Telecommunications Assets Supersedes NCS TIB 91-8
92-6
Network Level EMP Effects on the PSNs
Feb 1992
92-7
Optical Fiber Fallout Radiation Effects Study
Feb 1992
92-8
HEMP Survivability Assessment of Harris RF3200 Transceiver
Feb 1992
92-9
Network Level Fallout Radiation Effects Assessment
May 1992
Supersedes TIB 91-10
92-10
Color Test Chart for Facsimile Supersedes NCS TIB 91-16
Aug 1992
92-11
AT&T FT Series G EMP Assessment Volume I: System Description
Aug 1992
& Results
92-12
AT&T FT Series G EMP Assessment Volume II: Mitigation Measures
Aug 1992
92-13
Management of Stressed Switched Networks, Level I Report
Sept 1992
Extension
92-14
Management of Stressed Facility Networks, Level II Report Extension
Sept 1992
2A-6
EXHIBIT 2A-6
STATUS OF FEDERAL STANDARDS
No.
Title
Date
Final/
POC
Sub-
Public & Industry
Govt & Agency
Approval
Executive
Publication
Draft
committee
Comments
Comments
by FTSC
Agent
1005A
Coding and Modulation
2Apr92
Final
Fenichel
Requirements for 2,400
Bit/Second Modems FIPS
PUB 163 & 164
CCITT V.22bis, V.26, V.26bis
1006A
Coding and Modulation
2Apr92
Final
Fenichel
Requirements for 4,800
Bit/s Modem FIPS
PUB 165 & 166
CCITT V.32, V.27bis, V.27ter
1007
Coding and Modulation
2Apr92
Final
Fenichel
Requirements for Duplex
9,600 Bit/s Modems FIPS
PUB 167
CCITT V.29
1008
Coding and Modulation
2Apr 92
Final
Fenichel
Requirements for Duplex
600 and 1,200 Bit/s
Modems FIPS PUB 162
CCITT V.22
Interoperability
Undated
Draft
Fenichel
Federal Register
Approved by FTSC
1044
Requirements for
Notice 20Mar90
14Nov91 Ltr to
Trunked Land Mobile
(90 days)
Fed Std Coord List
Radio Systems Operating
6Jan92 (90 days)
with Analog & 25 KHz
Channel Digital Radios
1045A
High Frequency (HF)
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
Ltr to Fed Std
Radio Automatic Link
14Nov91 Federal
Coord List
Establishment
Register Notice
24Jan92 (90 days)
26Dec91 (90 days)
1046
HF Radio Automatic
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
Ltr to Fed Std
Networking
14Nov91 Federal
Coord List
Register Notice
24Jan92 (90 days)
26Dec91 (90 days)
1047
HF Radio Automatic
Undated
Working
Rekstad
Message
Stage
Store-and-Forward
1048
HF Radio Automatic
Undated
Working
Rekstad
Networking to Multimedia
Stage
1049
HF Radio Automatic
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
Ltr to Fed Std
Sect. 1
Operation in Stressed
14Nov91 Federal
Coord List
Environment Mil-Std
Register Notice
24Jan92 (90 days)
187-110
13Mar92 (90 days)
1050
HF Radio Baseline
Undated
Working
Rekstad
Parameters
Stage
1051
HF Radio System Control
Undated
Working
Rekstad
Interface
Stage
1052
HF Modem
Undated
Working
Fenichel
Stage
1055
Interoperability
Undated
Draft
Fenichel
Federal Register
Approved by FTSC
Requirements for Meteor
Notice 25Jul89.
12Mar92
Burst Communications
Approved by FTSC
Between Conventional
12Mar 92 Federal
Master & Remote
Register Notice
Stations
Re-issued 7Apr 92
(90 days)
1056
Interoperability
Undated
Draft
Fenichel
Federal Register
Approved by FTSC
Requirements for
Notice7Apr92
12Mar92
Encryption of Meteor
(90 days)
Burst Communications
1057
Interoperability
Undated
Draft
Fenichel
Federal Register
Approved by FTSC
Requirements for Meteor
Notice 7Apr92
12Mar92
Burst Communications
(90 days)
Between Conventional
Internetwork Gateway
2A-7
Master Stations
EXHIBIT 2A-6
STATUS OF FEDERAL STANDARDS
(CONTINUED)
No.
Title
Date
Final/
POC
Sub-
Public & Industry
Govt & Agency
Approval by
Executive
Publication
Draft
committee
Comments
Comments
FTSC
Agent
1058
Encryption of 1057
Undated
Working
Fenichel
Systems
Stage
1080
Video Coder/Decoder
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
Ltr to Fed Std
10Oct91
Jan92
NIST for
for Audiovisual
13Dec90 Federal
Coord List
publication
Services at 56 to 1,920
Register Notice
3Jun91
kbit/s
4Jan91 and
(90 days)
CCITT H.261, Mil-Std 188-131
26Jun91 (90 days)
1081
Frame Structure for 56
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
Ltr to Fed Std
10Oct91
Jan92
NIST for
to 1,920 kbit/s Channel
9May91 Federal
Coord List
publication
in Audiovisual
Register Notice
3Jun91
Teleservices
26Jun91 (90 days)
(90 days)
CCITT H.221, Mil-Std 188-131
1082
Systems for
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
Ltr to Fed Std
10Oct91
Jan92
NIST for
Establishing
9May91 Federal
Coord List
publication
Communications
Register Notice
3Jun91
between Audiovisual
26Jun91 (90 days)
(90 days)
Terminals Using Digital
Channels up to 2 Mbit/s
CCITT H.242, Mil-Std 188-131
1083
Frame Synchronous
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
Ltr to Fed Std
10Oct91
Jan92
NIST for
Control
9May91 Federal
Coord List
publication
& Indication Signals for
Register Notice
3Jun91
Advanced Systems
26Jun91 (90 days)
(90 days)
CCITT H.230, Mil-Std 188-131
1084
Narrowband Visual
Undated
Draft
Rekstad
Approved by FTSC
3Jun91
10Oct91
Jan92
NIST for
Telephone Systems
9May91 Federal
publication
and Terminal
Register Notice
Equipment
26Jun91
CCITT H.320, Mil-Std 188-131
1090
Federal Building
21 Aug
Andre
Telecommunications
92
Wiring Standards EIA
568
FIPS PUB 174
1091
Building Standard for
21 Aug
Andre
Telecommunications
92
Pathways & Spaces
EIA 569
FIPS PUB 175
1092
Residential & Light
21 Aug
Working
Andre
Commercial
92
Stage
Telecommunications
Wiring Standard EIA
570
FIPS PUB 176
1093
Grounding & Bonding
Undated
Working
Andre
Requirements for
Stage
Telecommunications &
Federal Buildings
1094
Telecommunications
Undated
Working
Andre
Administration
Stage
Standard for Federal
Buildings PN 2290
1095
Backbone Wiring TIA
Undated
Andre
PN 2416
2A-8
ECOMMUNICA
AND REGULAT
DEVEL OPMI
III.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION POLICY
AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS
his section highlights significant
EXHIBIT 3-1
T
executive, judicial, regulatory, pro-
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NS/EP
posed legislation, enacted legislation,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE
and major operational events that affected
National Communications System (NCS)
activities during fiscal year (FY) 1992.
VOICE BAND SERVICE
The service must provide voice band service in support
of presidential communications.
EXECUTIVE
INTEROPERABILITY
The service must interoperate with and use the
resources of selected other government or private
facilities, systems, and networks through the
By White House Memorandum, dated
application of standards.
October 15, 1991, the President's National
Security Advisor reaffirmed National Security
SURVIVABILITY/
The service must provide for the interconnection of
ENDURABILITY
surviving users under a broad range of circumstances
Decision Directive (NSDD)-97 and Executive
from wide spread damage from natural or manmade
Order (E.O.) 12472 as the primary policy guid-
disaster up to and including nuclear war.
ance for the National Security and Emergency
INTERNATIONAL
The service must provide access to and egress from
Preparedness (NS/EP) Telecommunications
INTERFACE
international service.
Program. Specific functional requirements for
an NS/EP telecommunications service that
NATIONWIDE
The service must provide readily available nationwide
COVERAGE
coverage to support national security leadership and
were issued over the past two administrations
inter/intraagency emergency operations.
were also reaffirmed. Exhibit 3-1 illustrates
those functional requirements and their defini-
INTRA/INTERAGENCY
Common user service must provide NS/EP traffic with
EMERGENCY
priority service.
tions as state in the White House
OPERATIONS
Memorandum.
JUDICIAL
MODIFIED FINAL JUDGMENT UPDATE
Over the past year, however, in the face of
The 1984 Modified Final Judgment (MFJ)
growing RBOC and congressional pressure,
settlement divested 22 wholly owned local
these restrictions have begun to erode.
exchange carriers (LEC) from AT&T, grouped
Developments in specific areas are described in
them into seven Regional Bell Operating
the following paragraphs:
Companies (RBOC), and placed restrictions on
their operations. Specifically, the MFJ prohibits
Inter-LATA Service. In early 1992, the
the RBOCs from carrying telephone traffic on
District of Columbia (D.C.) Circuit Court of
an inter-LATA (local access and transport area)
Appeals heard arguments addressing a 1990
basis, providing news or information services,
District Court ruling prohibiting RBOCs from
and manufacturing telecommunications
delivering common channel signaling informa-
equipment.
tion across LATA boundaries. Although the
signaling network is not a customer service,
many believe that a reversal of the D.C.
3-1
District Court decision would strike at the very
gateways, video processing, billing and col-
heart of the MFJ. The RBOCs, who are press-
lection, order processing, and consulting.
ing the appeal, are currently required to install
Local carriers will also be allowed to pro-
separate signaling interfaces between every
vide video customer premises equipment
LATA.
and perform the home wiring needed to
carry programs.
The source of the appeal is an agreement
between the RBOCs and the Department of
Manufacturing Telecommunications
Justice that would have lifted restrictions on the
Equipment. In January 1992, Judge
provision of common channel signaling infor-
Greene rejected a Justice Department
mation across LATA boundaries. Under U.S.
request to allow RBOCs to profit from the
District Court Judge Harold Greene, the
sale of telecommunications equipment
District Court struck down the agreement on
developed with RBOC financial support by
grounds that it violated the MFJ (a decision is
third-party companies. The Justice
not expected until December 1992 or January
Department sought a ruling that would allow
1993).
RBOC financing and/or royalty arrange-
ments, provided the RBOC has less than a
Line of Business Restrictions. A central
one-twentieth equity interest and does not
component of the MFJ was the line of business
substantially control the third-party company.
restrictions imposed on local exchange carriers.
Specifically, under the MFJ, these carriers were
NS/EP Implications. The erosion of line of
prohibited from participating in certain areas of
business restrictions will help the RBOC's diver-
business because the court feared they would
sify their sources of revenues in an increasingly
stifle competition. Over the last year, however,
competitive environment. It is also hoped that
these restrictions have been eroded in several
their participation will speed network moderniza-
areas described below:
tion. Consumer advocates, however, warn that
network maintenance may suffer as a result
Information Services. In July 1991, the
because resources formerly earmarked for it may
U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower
be diverted to more revenue-generating areas.
court's decision allowing the RBOCs to
While there is no statistical information to bear
offer electronic information services. This
this out, the NS/EP telecommunications com-
decision, however, has far from settled the
munity will have to carefully monitor the situa-
issue, as a round of new legislation pending
tion to be certain that network service quality
in Congress is continuing to influence this
standards are maintained.
area. Specifically, both the "The Telecom-
munications Act of 1991" and the
CALLER IDENTIFICATION
"Antitrust Reform Act of 1992" attempt to
mitigate the impact of the Supreme Court
Caller identification provides the called
decision by placing restrictions on the abil-
party with the directory number of the calling
ity of the RBOCs to enter this new market.
party and enhances the privacy of call recipients
by allowing them to identify the caller in
Video Services. In July 1992, the Federal
advance. Currently, there are approximately 20
Communications Commission (FCC)
States that allow caller ID services. However,
voted to allow RBOCs to partner with pro-
opponents including some State legislatures
gram providers to offer new video services.
assert that caller ID violates the privacy rights
Under the new provisions, telephone com-
of the calling party. In a decision that may have
panies can provide video transmission ser-
implications for other States considering the
vices within their territories only if the
issue, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in
programs are developed by an outside firm.
March 1992, ruled that caller ID service vio-
In addition, the RBOCs are allowed to
lates the State's wiretap laws and, therefore, it
provide a variety of support services for
would be illegal for Bell Telephone Company
video programming, including video
of Pennsylvania to offer the service. The FCC
3-2
issued a notice of proposed rulemaking that
ages are made directly to the Manager, NCS,
suggests per-call blocking may be the best way
who must make a final report to the FCC
to address the privacy needs of both the calling
within 30 days.
and called parties.
The Council's Network Reliability
Steering Committee, also established in
REGULATORY
February, identified seven potential areas for
Several developments in the regulatory
consideration by the Council including
area over the last year will have important rami-
Signaling System 7 (SS7), fiber optic cable cuts,
fications for NS/EP telecommunications,
power system weaknesses, and difficulties asso-
include continuing FCC efforts in the area of
ciated with E-9-1-1 systems, fire prevention,
network reliability and spectrum allocation.
digital cross connect systems, and switching
These developments are described below.
systems. Seven focus groups have been formed
to identify best practices in each of the areas.
Focus group reports are to be completed for
FCC NETWORK RELIABILITY COUNCIL
presentation to the Network Reliability
Council (NRC) in the spring of 1993. Mutual
The first meeting of the FCC Network
aid arrangements may also be explored within a
Reliability Council was held on February 27,
focus group.
1992. The Council is composed of representa-
tives from the FCC, industry user groups,
WARC 1992
telecommunications service vendors, and
equipment manufacturers. The NCS is also a
The World Administrative Radio
member of this group. It was established by the
Conference (WARC) convened in
FCC to address overarching questions of net-
work reliability in the wake of recent major
Torremolinos, Spain for a month-long session
telephone outages.
in the winter of 1992, the first general meeting
of the body since 1979. The WARC was orga-
nized by the International Telecommunica-
At the time it established the Council, the
FCC also issued rules requiring carriers to
tions Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the
report outages of 30 minutes or greater that
United Nations, responsible for developing and
affect 50,000 customers. These reports are
periodically revising international radio
made directly to the FCC. One of the
regulations.
Council's first actions was to form a working
U.S. emphasis at the conference centered
group to develop recommendations on FCC-
around the spectrum allocation for Low Earth
mandated outage reporting requirements. This
group, the Threshold Reporting Working
Orbit Satellites (LEOS) global phone systems.
Group (TRG), revisited the 50,000 threshold
The United States pressed hard for LEOS allo-
and at the April 29, 1992 meeting of the
cations, in part because nearly all the industry
Council, recommended that for a 6-month
players are U.S.-based. European representa-
investigatory period the FCC lower the report-
tives were opposed to the U.S. position because
ing threshold to include outages that affected
they sought to protect spectrum for proposed
Future Public Land-Mobile Telecommun-
30,000 customers for 30 minutes or more.
Additionally, the group recommended the
ications Systems (FPLMTS), primarily terres-
adoption of reporting procedures for "Special
trial systems that would be used to provide
Facilities" such as major military installations,
extensive personal communications networks
key government facilities, nuclear power plants,
throughout Europe. Although their systems are
911 tandems, and large or medium-size com-
only in preliminary stages of development,
mercial service airports. Outages affecting these
European representatives were seeking to
facilities must be reported regardless of the
reserve 240 Megahertz (MHz) for their
eventual use.
number of customers affected. Due to confi-
dentiality requirements, reports of these out-
3-3
The Europeans prefer terrestrial systems
LEOS operate at altitudes of fewer than 600
because Europe is densely populated and is
miles, transmission delays that often interfere
therefore better and more economically served
with voice conversations are reduced. Finally,
by a land-based system. In the United States,
development and launch costs of LEOS sys-
however, it is more economical to deploy satel-
tems are significantly lower than today's geo-
lite-based global communications systems
synchronous satellites.
because of sparse population concentrations in
large portions of the country. Global phone
Two service areas likely to employ LEOS
systems, such as Motorola's Iridium, would
technologies are radio direction satellite service
allow owners of pocket-size phones to have
(RDSS) and voice and data transmission ser-
domestic and international calling capabilities.
vices. RDSS provides simple one-way messag-
Both the United States and Europe were also
ing for navigation and tracking purposes. Voice
seeking to bolster their respective satellite
and data transmission services provide two-way
telecommunications industries.
simultaneous communications. Examples of
this two-way service will be provided through
These agreements have paved the way for
Motorola's Iridium worldwide satellite cellular
Motorola, Loral, Ellipsat, TRW, and others to
system and Ellipsat Corporation's cellular sys-
submit licensing applications for their systems
tem. Both firms have applied for licenses with
with the FCC. A major concern of opponents to
the FCC.
the U.S. proposal was that signals from the
LEOS systems would interfere with those of
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES
existing and future terrestrial systems. To accom-
modate these concerns, the WARC adopted res-
Personal Communication Services (PCS)
olutions under which technical, legal, and
are a form of wireless communications that
operational studies would be conducted. The
equip users with personalized, portable, wire-
goal of these studies will be to develop standards
less telephone handsets with two-way voice and
governing the operation of LEOS systems to
data communications. In FY92, the FCC pub-
"ensure equitable and standard conditions of
lished a PCS policy and announced its plan to
access for all ITU members, and to guarantee
allocate PCS frequencies in the 1.8 to 2.2
proper worldwide protection for existing services
Gigahertz (GHz) band in 1992. In addition, the
and systems."
FCC granted QUALCOMM, Inc., an experi-
mental license to conduct field trials and studies
Other issues addressed at the conference
in the 1.850 to 1.990 GHz band because it is
include spectrum allocation for shortwave high
considering opening up portions of this spec-
frequency (HF) broadcasting and frequency set
trum for PCS use. Studies of the 1.8 to 2.2
asides for digital audio broadcast (DAB) used
GHz band indicate that there is unused spec-
for direct satellite audio broadcasts to the
trum. QUALCOMM's experimentation
home. Delegates failed to reach agreement on a
should determine whether existing 1.8 to 2.2
worldwide frequency allocation for High
GHz users can coexist with new PCS
Definition Television (HDTV).
providers. QUALCOMM currently provides
advanced communications systems and prod-
Low EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES
ucts based on digital wireless technology.
Regulatory hurdles evaporated in FY92 as
In March 1992, delegates at the WARC
the FCC and the WARC arrived at spectrum
formally agreed that up to 60 MHz should be
allocation decisions for certain mobile and
allocated for the use of PCS and 170 MHz for
positioning services, clearing the way for
conventional mobile communications includ-
LEOS operations. LEOS have become popular
ing mobile telephony. In a related matter, the
for several reasons. First, as geosynchronous
European community adopted the Global
orbital slots fill, alternative satellite positioning
System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
schemes must be developed. Second, because
PCS standard for digital cellular communica-
tions. More than 20 European countries have
3-4
signed a memorandum of understanding to
COMPUTER III UPDATE
provide GSM service on the main transport
routes between European capital cities by 1995.
In late 1991, the FCC ruled that RBOCs
could offer unregulated enhanced telecommu-
In July 1992, the FCC established a new
nication services through subsidiaries that also
deployment plan for PCS. The FCC proposed
offer regulated telephone services. This decision
allocating three frequency bands for the service,
reflects rules originally issued after the FCC's
including a band set aside for data transmis-
Third Computer Inquiry in 1986, which estab-
sions. As part of the allocation proposal, the
lished open network architecture (ONA)
FCC suggested setting aside frequency bands
requirements and allowed AT&T and the
from 1910 MHz to 1930 MHz for nonlicensed,
RBOCs to combine regulated and unregulated
computer-oriented PCS. Additionally, the
services and offer enhanced services through
FCC set aside three 1-MHz allocations in the
their local networks. RBOCs may offer services
lower 900 MHz frequency for narrowband
such as voice mail, electronic yellow pages, and
PCS such as paging.
information databases through their telephone
companies. Combining regulated and unregu-
State and local public safety authorities
lated activities requires separate accounting pro-
have strenuously opposed these allocations on
cedures to guard against cross-subsidization.
the grounds that they would interfere with fre-
quencies they currently use for police, fire, and
PROPOSED LEGISLATION
other emergency service communications.
They also argue that, given their tight bud-
getary constraints, the costs of transition to a
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AcT OF 1991
new frequency would be too high.
(LINKAGE TO THE NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE AcT OF 1991)
COMPETITION FOR INTERNATIONAL SWITCHED
SATELLITE SERVICES
The Emerging Technologies Act of 1991
(H.R. 1407) would require the FCC to auction
The FCC has approved the recommenda-
and reallocate spectrum below the 6 GHz range
tions of the Department of State and
through a competitive bidding process. H.R.
1407 frees 200 MHz of Federal Government
Department of Commerce to allow unre-
stricted competition in the provisioning of
spectrum. The money raised through competi-
international switched services via satellite.
tive bidding would fund the National Tele-
communications Infrastructure Act of 1991
Competition is scheduled to begin in 1997.
Previously, U.S. regulations required U.S. car-
(H.R. 3701), which calls for the establishment
riers to use INTELSAT satellites to carry
of a trust fund to finance private telecommun-
switched international satellite traffic. This rul-
ication network projects that will ultimately
ing by the FCC paves the way for private satel-
enhance the PSN by adding fiber optic and
lite systems, such as Alfa-Lyracom
other broadband technologies at the local level.
Communications, Inc., to enter the switched
The revenue generated from the bidding
international service market. The ruling also
process would be administered by the Depart-
allows independent operators to enter the
ment of the Treasury to fund local projects to
enhance the PSN.
lucrative international private line market for
traffic using the public network, thus ending
H.R. 3701 also calls for the National
COMSAT's virtual monopoly on U.S. satellite
Telecommunications and Information Admin-
communications services.
istration (NTIA) to establish a five-member
advisory panel. The panel, which will include at
least one member from private industry and
one from a government agency other than
NTIA, will advise the head of NTIA in select-
ing projects eligible for funding under this plan.
3-5
THE COMMUNICATIONS COMPETITIVENESS
carriers to ensure the continued evolution of
INFRASTRUCTURE AND MODERNIZATION AcT OF
network facilities and services. Under the act
1991
both the FCC and the State commissions will
support the Board in ensuring compliance. The
The Communications Infrastructure
act also requires each LEC to provide intercon-
Modernization Act (H.R. 2546) would allocate
nection on a reasonable and nondiscriminatory
funds for developing and deploying a broad-
basis to providers of telecommunications and
band fiber optic network nationwide. The bill
information services consistent with the ONA
targets the year 2015 for the availability of fiber
requirement, cited in the FCC's Computer
optic networks to the home. More than half of
Inquiry III section. This continues the trend
the States in the United States now offer some
toward legislative support of full and open com-
form of "incentive" regulation to encourage
petition in the telecommunications industry.
telephone companies to implement fiber optics
in phone company networks. New Jersey, for
The second primary component of the act
example, has legislation to allow the New
addresses the area of common carrier participa-
Jersey Bell Telephone Co. to vary its pricing in
tion in the information services industry. The
advantageous ways and, in return, the tele-
issue has been hotly debated with the RBOCs
phone company is expected to be involved in a
and information providers (i.e., cable TV oper-
$1 billion project that aims to implement fiber
ators) each aggressively lobbying its position.
statewide by the year 2010. State regulators
The act prohibits RBOC participation in the
now have the opportunity to implement poli-
information services industry unless a number
cies that do not simply regulate their industries
of market conditions designed to ensure com-
but also encourage the economic development
petition are met. It should be noted that the
of a State's communications infrastructure.
Anti-Trust Reform Act of 1992 introduced in
States have an opportunity to shape their
May also addresses this issue.
telecommunications futures and many of them
are moving to do so.
THE TELEPHONE NETWORK RELIABILITY
IMPROVEMENT AcT OF 1992 (H.R. 4789)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AcT OF 1991
In another move to address the FY91 out-
In October 1991 the House of
ages, Rep. Edward Markey (D-MA) introduced
Representatives introduced the Telecommuni-
H.R. 4789, the Telephone Network Reliability
cations Act of 1991. In November 1991, the
Improvement Act of 1992. The bill would
Senate introduced companion legislation enti-
require the FCC to establish and enforce
tled the Information Diversity Act of 1991.
telecommunications network reliability stan-
Both bills contain similar provisions and have
dards. Provisions of the bill would require ser-
received bipartisan support. However,
vice providers to pay compensatory damages to
throughout FY92, both the House and Senate
consumers for loss of service. The bill would
continued to debate the merits and impact of
also clarify the FCC's role in overseeing net-
the legislation. The purpose of the act is to
work reliability and quality. Network Reliability
encourage competition in the provision of elec-
Council Chairman Paul Henson criticized H.R.
tronic information services, to foster the con-
4789 as counterproductive to the goal of the
tinued diversification of information sources
Council, which is to develop reasonable indus-
and services, and to preserve the universal avail-
try regulations.
ability of telecommunications services.
The Telecommunications Act of 1991 con-
tains two primary components. The first area is
designed to encourage infrastructure develop-
ment and provides for the establishment of a
Federal-State Joint Board to impose and
enforce network quality standards on common
3-6
THE ANTI-TRUST REFORM AcT OF 1992
ensure continued United States leadership in
(H.R. 5096)
the area of high-performance computing
(HPC). The program sets forth goals and pri-
In May 1992, The Anti-Trust Reform Act
orities for Federal high-performance comput-
of 1992 (H.R. 5096) was introduced in Congress.
ing research, development, and networking.
The bill calls for shifting oversight of the
The cornerstone of this program is the devel-
RBOCs from the U.S. District Court's Judge
opment of the National Research and
Greene, who currently administers the MFJ, to
Education Network (NREN). NREN will be a
the U.S. Attorney General. Most important, the
national, high-bandwidth, fiber-based research
bill would require RBOCs seeking lines of busi-
and education computer network scheduled for
ness previously restricted by the MFJ to first
operation in 1996. Broad objectives for the
pass a uniform entry test administered by the
HPC program include improving software
U.S. Attorney General. This test would allow
development, accelerating high-performance
the RBOCs to enter new lines of business only
computer system development, providing
upon demonstrating that there is "no substantial
technical support to address fundamental prob-
possibility that [it] will be able to use its monop-
lems in science and engineering, educating
oly power to impede competition in the market
undergraduate and graduate students, and pro-
it seeks to enter." An exception to this require-
viding for security.
ment will be allowed, however, if there are no
potential competitors in a given market, espe-
The act specifically gives the President full
cially when the service will benefit handicapped
authority and responsibility for developing and
or otherwise disadvantaged citizens. H.R. 5096
implementing the High Performance
would also establish several competitive safe-
Computing program. Assisting the President in
guards that would prevent RBOCs from using
coordinating the interagency activities associ-
their monopoly power to discriminate between
ated with the program is the Director, Office of
themselves and other entities or to subsidize
Science and Technology Policy (OSTP).
information, long-distance, or equipment manu-
facturing activities with monopoly proceeds.
MAJOR OPERATIONAL EVENTS
The bill was approved by the House
HACKER INDICTMENT
Judiciary Committee in July 1992, over the
objections of House Energy and Commerce
In July 1992, five men were indicted by a
Committee Chairman John Dingell (D-MI),
Federal grand jury in New York on charges of
who unsuccessfully claimed jurisdiction over the
breaking into computers, networks, and switches
legislation. It is unlikely that further action will
owned by regional telephone companies, credit
be taken before the end of this Congress. But
reporting services, and educational institutions.
the pace at which the bill has progressed and the
reaction it has provoked indicate that the H.R.
The "Masters of Disaster" or "Masters of
5096 will receive serious consideration when the
Deception," as they are known, were indicted for
next Congress convenes.
computer tampering, computer fraud, wire fraud,
illegal wiretapping and conspiracy. The investiga-
tion, conducted jointly by the U.S. Secret Service
ENACTED LEGISLATION
and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, was
authorized to use, for the first time, wiretaps to
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AcT OF 1991
monitor computer traffic on phone lines.
On December 9, 1991, the President signed
In a related matter, the OMNCS has pub-
into law the High Performance Computing Act
lished a document entitled The Electronic Intrusion
of 1991. This legislation, spawned by a growing
Threat to National Security and Emergency
recognition that the development of an
Preparedness (NS/EP) Telecommunications. This
advanced technological infrastructure in the
document discusses the potential impact of hack-
United States is key to the country's economic
ers on the public switched network. (See page
future and national security, authorizes 5 years
2-16, "Public Switched Network Security.")
of funding for a coordinated Federal program to
3-7
MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
PPORT AND ACTIVITIES OF NCS
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
IV.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SUPPORT AND ACTIVITIES OF NCS
MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
Member reports continue to show a trend
OVERVIEW
toward growing consolidation of telecommuni-
he National Communications
cation services and NS/EP requirements.
TO
System (NCS) is a confederation of
Reports also reflect the importance members
the telecommunication assets of the
place on survivable telecommunication
resources for uninterrupted performance of
23 Federal departments and agencies repre-
their organizations' essential functions during
sented on the Committee of Principals (COP).
The NCS's administrative structure consists of
emergencies, disasters, and war. Member orga-
nizations' active participation in the COP and
an Executive Agent, COP, and Manager, NCS.
Council of Representatives (COR) and their
The COP is composed of high-level govern-
subcommittees allows them to upgrade and
ment officials representing Federal operational,
expand their existing systems and resolve pend-
policy, regulatory, and enforcement organiza-
tions. Its diverse representation embraces the
ing NS/EP telecommunication issues.
full spectrum of Federal telecommunication
In addition to the reports presented, the
assets and responsibilities. The COP provides a
Department of State (DOS) and Central
unique interagency forum for understanding
Intelligence Agency (CIA) reports are available
and responding to national security and
in a CLASSIFIED supplement, which can be
emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommu-
obtained upon request.
nication issues.
This section presents reports submitted by
NCS PRIMARY ASSETS
the 23 NCS member organizations concerning
their NS/EP telecommunication activities
The following is an UNCLASSIFIED list
during fiscal year (FY) 1992. These reports
of selected NCS primary assets, arranged in
review members' financial, policy, and techni-
protocol order by NCS member organization
cal concerns associated with NS/EP telecom-
and then alphabetically by asset.
munications. Review of the individual reports
discloses meaningful trends in federal telecom-
munications management, operation, and
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
planning. Member reports are organized in the
following format:
Diplomatic Telecommunications Service
NS/EP Telecommunications Mission
Nuclear Risk Reduction Center
Telecommunications Staff Organization
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Significant Accomplishments
Consolidated Data Network
Current and Ongoing NS/EP
Telecommunication Activities
Treasury Enforcement
Communications System
Pending Issues (where applicable).
Digital Telecommunications System
4-1
U.S. Marshals Service
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Communications System (USMS)
Advanced Research Project Agency
Network
USMS Special Operations Group
Defense Data Network
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Defense Message System
Boise Interagency Fire Center
Transportable Radio Cache
Defense Satellite Communications System
Defense Switched Network
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Direct Communications Link
Automation of Field Operations
(Washington-Moscow Hotline)
and Services
Future Secure Voice System
NOAA Weather Radio
Joint Chiefs of Staff Alerting Network
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
National Military Command System
Emergency Transportation Radio
Network
Washington Area Wideband System
Worldwide Military Command and
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
Control System
Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications
Network
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Aeronautical Message Circuits (Service B)
Automatic Data Processing
Teleprocessing System
Electronic Tandem Network
Drug Enforcement Administration
Emergency Voice
Nationwide VHF Radio System
Communications System
Drug Enforcement Agency Secure
Integrated Communications
Voice System
Switching System
Immigration and Naturalization Service
National Airspace Data
Tactical Radio System
Interchange Network
INS Integrated Network Communications
National Airspace System Network
Justice Network
National Radio Communications System
Justice Telecommunications Service
Radar Microwave Link Trunking
National Crime Information Center
Radio Communications Link
Television Microwave Link
4-2
Voice Switching and Control System
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
VA High-Frequency Emergency Radio
Network
Hybrid Data Network
VA Selective Signaling Voice Conference
Long-Range Aid to Navigation
System
Message Transfer and Distribution System
JOINT STAFF
OMEGA
(see Department of Defense)
Operations Information System
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
Radio Communications Systems
Federal Telecommunications System
MF and HF Long-Range Radio:
(FTS2000)
MF-SSB Distress System
Federal Secure Telephone Service
VHF and UHF: National VHF-FM
Distress System
Washington Interagency
Telecommunications System
Search and Rescue Telephones
125 Government-owned Centrex Service
Secure Command and Control Network
Arrangements
Transportable Communications Centers
Aggregated System Procurements
Vessel Traffic Services
199 Regional Consolidated Local Centrex
Service Arrangements
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
FHWA Emergency
UNITED STATES INFORMATION
Communications Systems
AGENCY
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Voice of America
Nuclear Emergency Search Team/Aerial
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
Measuring System
ADMINISTRATION
Secure Automatic Communications
Network
NASA Operational Communications
System
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
NASA Tracking and Data Relay
Emergency Command Control
Satellite System
Radio Network
NASA Program Support
Communications Network
Network Resource Information System
4-3
FEDERAL EMERGENCY
UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE
MANAGEMENT AGENCY
USPS Data Network
FEMA Interagency Communications
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY
System
(See Department of Defense.)
Federal Emergency Response Capability
Direction, Control, and Warning System
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND INFORMATION
Mobile Air Transportable
Telecommunications System
ADMINISTRATION
Information Display System
(See Department of Commerce.)
FEMA Switched Network
FEMA National Automated
Message System
FEMA Facsimile and Record System
DEC VAX Computer Systems
LAN/WAN Development Project
FEMA Secure Voice Program
FEMA National Radio System
National Warning System
Emergency Broadcast System
Emergency Education Network
FEMA Frequency Management System
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Emergency Notification System
4-4
UNITED PAYABLE OF DEPARTMENT
BTATES OF
DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS)
This report is included as part of the
CLASSIFIED supplement to the FY92 NCS
Annual Report.
OF
DEPARTMENT THE TREASURY THE
1789
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
telecommunications operation activities of the
departmental offices and Treasury bureaus.
(TREAS)
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS MISSION
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
T
he essential functions of Treasury
During FY92, Treasury realized the fol-
requiring NS/EP telecommunica-
lowing NS/EP telecommunication achieve-
tions are summarized as follows:
ments:
Protecting the President, Vice President,
Strengthened Treasury's telecommunica-
their families, and other dignitaries
tion capabilities through the virtual com-
pletion of the departmentwide
Managing the economic activities of the
implementation of all Federal Telecom-
United States, including all monetary,
munications System (FTS2000) services,
credit, and financial systems
including the transition of Treasury's
Consolidated Data Network (CDN)
Administering the laws pertaining to cus-
circuitry to FTS2000 services. FTS2000
toms, taxes, alcohol, tobacco, and firearms
provides enhanced continuity of intercity
switched telecommunication services and
Serving as principal economic advisor to
maintenance of survivability objectives.
the President
Continued expansion and implementation
Accomplishing international economic and
of the CDN, an encrypted, redundant data
monetary control as it pertains to the well-
communications network, which is a
being of the Nation
significant enhancement to the depart-
ment's NS/EP capabilities. The depart-
Manufacturing currency, coins, and stamps,
mentwide service includes the U.S.
and establishing methods of exchange.
Customs Service; Internal Revenue
Service; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
and Firearms; Financial Management
Service; and Departmental Offices.
ORGANIZATION
Issued a request for proposal for the
Departmental telecommunications are managed
Treasury Communications System (TCS).
through the Office of the Deputy Assistant
The TCS, a successor contract to the
Secretary for Information Systems, under the
CDN, will provide communication ser-
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for
vices between Treasury locations, between
Management. Under this office, the Director,
Treasury and non-Treasury Government
Office of Telecommunications Management
locations, and between Treasury and non-
(OTM), oversees NCS liaison and NS/EP sup-
Treasury commercial locations in the
port activities. The Director, OTM, also exer-
continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto
cises program management authority over the
Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, Bermuda,
4-6
the Bahamas, and selected sites in Canada.
Executed an Interagency Funding
The TCS contract is scheduled to be
Agreement (IFA) for FY92 in support of
awarded in the second quarter of FY93.
the National Level NS/EP
Telecommunications Program (NLP).
Instituted a Wirêless and Radio Support
Service (WRSS) program to develop and
incorporate digital radio and wireless com-
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
munications technological advances into
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
future Treasury systems. This program will
examine how Treasury bureaus can utilize
The continuing development of a departmen-
the new digital very high frequency/ultra
twide telecommunications strategy, the expan-
high frequency (VHF/UHF) radio tech-
sion of the CDN, the institution of the WRSS,
nology for integration with emerging tele-
and the acquisition of the TCS are significant
communication services such as Integrated
ongoing activities that will significantly
Services Digital Network (ISDN), the
enhance the department's NS/EP posture. In
TCS, FTS2000, cellular mobile satellite,
FY91, Treasury actively participated in the
and personal communications systems
NCS Vision 21 planning process through its
(PCS).
membership on the Major Focus Area II
(Interoperability) and III (Focus) teams.
Completed the implementation of the
Additionally, Treasury supported the
Treasury Digital Telecommunications
Telecommunications Planning Process
System (DTS), an all-digital, advanced
Subcommittee (TPPS), and Federal
technology local switching system that
Telecommunications Standards Committee
provides services to Main Treasury and
(FTSC) through the OTM, and the NCS
bureau locations in the Washington
Shared Resources (SHARES) High Frequency
Metropolitan area. DTS has multiple
(HF) Interoperability Working Group through
access routes to the FTS2000 network to
the U.S. Customs Service and OTM.
enhance telecommunications survivability.
Awarded nine Department of the Treasury
Telecommunication Systems (DOTTS)
contracts to provide for the nationwide
procurement and management of fully
digital local telecommunication systems,
electronic key telephone systems, and data
switching systems and services. Improved
local telecommunication services will
enhance connectivity to wide area network
services and permit the development of
improved network access during NS/EP
periods.
Completed the staffing of an Office of the
Manager, NCS (OMNCS) position in the
National Coordinating Center (NCC)
with a full-time Treasury employee to
meet its NCS support requirements speci-
fied in Executive Order (E.O.) 12472.
4-7
OF DEFENSE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
under the direction, authority, and control of
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DoD)
the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
(Acquisition). DISA responds directly to the
Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), on oper-
MISSION
ational matters and communication require-
ments associated with joint planning.
nder the provisions of E.O.
12472, DoD is assigned the
The principal staff positions concerned
following NS/EP
with NS/EP telecommunications in the OSD
telecommunication responsibilities:
are the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy,
and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Provide, operate, and maintain the
Command, Control, Communications, and
telecommunication services and facilities
Intelligence (C³I). C³ systems are the concern
to support the National Command
of a directorate of the Joint Staff (JS).
Authorities, and execute the responsibili-
ties assigned by E.O. 12333, United States
Intelligence Activities, December 4, 1981
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Ensure that the Director, National
During FY92, DoD continued to transfer
Security Agency (NSA), provides the tech-
certain telecommunication requirements to the
nical support necessary to develop and
General Services Administration (GSA) man-
maintain adequate plans for the security
aged program known as FTS2000 in compli-
and protection of NS/EP telecommunica-
ance with appropriate statutes and regulations:
tions
DEFENSE SWITCHED NETWORK (DSN)
Execute the functions listed in Section 3(i)
of E.O. 12472.
Assumed Single System Management role
for the Pacific (PAC) DSN.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
Successfully tested and implemented
ORGANIZATION
Common Channel Signaling 7 (CCS 7) in
Japan.
DoD includes the Office of the Secretary
of Defense (OSD), the military departments
Converted all Korean Telephone Upgrade
and the services within them, the unified and
(KTU) System switches to world-wide
specified commands, and other agencies estab-
CCS 7 point code address.
lished to meet specific United States military
requirements. The NSA is a separate agency
Initiated an engineering and testing pro-
within DoD that protects United States com-
gram to ensure an interoperable tactical
munications, produces foreign intelligence
interface, i.e., DSN to various AN-TTC-
information, and provides computer security
39 configurations.
for DoD. The Defense Information Systems
Agency (DISA) is a separate DoD agency
4-8
Deactivated two Automatic Voice
Monroe, Alabama, and a large studio at
Network (AUTOVON) 490L switches in
headquarters (HQ) DISA. There are still
the Southern Region of Europe.
two contractors access points (CAPS),
which act as gateways to other networks.
Developed a plan to deactivate the final
AUTOVON 490L switch during FY93.
Implemented the Network Enhancement
Plan, Phase I (NEP-I), which transitioned
Supported Army and Air Force draw-
the satellite-based network to a terrestrial
down efforts by deactivating 8 DSN
fiber-based network. This enhancement
switches in Europe.
has greatly improved system reliability.
Planned relocation of Torrejon Air Force
DEFENSE DATA NETWORK (DDN)
Base (AFB), Spain, DMS-100 DSN
switching node to Rota Naval Base in
Provided critical DDN military network
Spain.
(MILNET) support in the Philippines
during the Mount Pinatubo volcano erup-
Deactivated two of the three remaining
tion. The Clark AFB MILNET was
AUTOVON 490L switches in the
totally shut down. The Subic Bay MIL-
Southern Region of Europe during FY92.
NET node was urgently installed and acti-
The last switch, Mount Vergine, Italy, is
vated in 1 week. All of Clark's hosts were
scheduled for deactivation in early FY93.
rehomed to Subic Bay the following week.
Reconfigured the DSN in Europe consis-
Blacker Front End (BFE) was installed in
tent with military department force
defense secure network (DSNET) 1 host
reductions.
Anti-drug Network (ADNET) at
Makalapa, Hawaii.
Reconfigured the DSN in the Pacific in
response to the Mount Pinatubo disaster
Initiated a three-phased implementation
and the subsequent withdrawal of United
plan of corrections, improvements and
States forces from the Philippines.
enhancements to the Information Display
System-Management Information System
Increased Continental United States
(IDS-MIS) Master Schedule subsystem to
(CONUS)-Europe interswitch trunks by
bring immediate standardization and
60 percent while reducing leased costs by
automation to worldwide scheduling,
$1 million per year.
tracking, and reporting of DDN
installation requirements.
Merged the majority of the CONUS cir-
cuits of the AUTOVON and the Defense
Initiated a DDN Quality Assurance
Commercial Telecommunications
Program that will collect and analyze data
Network (DCTN) to DSN during FY92.
to evaluate network performance.
This project is on schedule and will be
completed during the second quarter of
Planned and implemented a program to
FY93. This network will be a fully state-of-
upgrade MILNET Terminal Access
the-art digital network, still offering the
Controller (TAC) dial-in-modems to 9.6
same unique military features as the old
kbps throughout CONUS, Alaska, and
AUTOVON.
Panama. This aggressive effort is well
underway and consists of the replacement
The DCTN video teleconferencing
of 1100 low-speed modems. Estimated
(VTC) community grew by 26 studios to
completion date is the end of calendar year
111. This includes a second studio at
(CY) 92.
Wright Patterson Air Force Materiel
Command (AFMC), Ohio, and at Ft.
4-9
DEFENSE MESSAGE SYSTEM (DMS)
Established a DMS joint project under Air
Force management to provide message
The DMS Program Plan was validated by
distribution terminal (MDT) software to
the Joint Staff. This document provides
DoD Services and agencies. This MDT is
DoD Services and agencies with fiscal
a key DMS transitional component that
guidance to aid in the preparation of pro-
provides a low-cost means of replacing
gram objective memorandum submissions.
aging telecommunication centers that are
expensive to operate and maintain.
Completed first draft of the DMS
Required Operational Messaging
Selected the Air Force as lead Service for
Characteristics. This document quantifies
1988 X.400 components and DMS exten-
and qualifies the generic requirements
sion components. The Air Force will do
stated in Multi-Command Required
the product engineering and specification
Operational Capability (MROC) 3-88 into
effort to enable purchase of DMS compli-
specific messaging requirements to
ant products. Initial Operating Capability
support development of detailed architec-
(IOC) is October 1993.
tures and components specifications.
Selected the Navy as lead Service for the
Completed final draft of STANAG 4406
1992 version of X.500 directory compo-
(Military Message Handling System). This
nents. The Navy will do the product
document will be used as the standard
engineering and specification effort to
interface between North Atlantic Treaty
enable purchase of DMS compliant
Organization (NATO) nations for X.400
products. IOC is October 1993.
based military messaging.
Completed procurement and installation
Completed the first draft of Allied
of an inter-Service DMS X.400 network
Communications Publication 123,
for testing NSA prototype Message
"Common Messaging Strategy and
Security Protocol (MSP) units. This
Procedures," which will serve as the
network will be used to prove DMS
international implementation agreement
concepts that will enable phaseout of the
for allied transition to Open Systems
AUTODIN system.
Interconnection (OSI) protocols.
DEFENSE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Developed the draft DMS-Message
Conversion System (MCS) Transition
SYSTEM (DSCS)
Implementation Plan to provide guidance
for implementation of the DMS-MCS and
Deactivated, removed, and recovered two
central directory component. These tran-
Army Navy/Ground Satellite System
sitional components will enable phase-out
(AN/GSC)-39 satellite earth terminals and
of manpower-intensive telecommunica-
associated signal processing equipment
tion centers.
from Clark AFB.
Completed installation and hardware accep-
Completed installation and activation of
tance testing of the CONUS automatic
GSC-52 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 3 T-1's
digital network (AUTODIN) DMS
to CONUS containing 48 DSN Inter-
Transition prototype suite, which will allow
Switch Trunks (IST) and 6 data circuits, 1
DISA to use the same software in both
T-1 to Ramstein, Germany, containing 18
CONUS and outside CONUS
DSN IST's to Europe.
(OCONUS) AUTODIN Switching
Centers (ASC), resulting in major cost
savings.
4-10
Launched two new DSCS III satellites to
Added more DSCS satellite terminals to
replace aging elements of the DSCS con-
U.S. Navy ships as part of the QuickSAT
stellation. Devised a plan to relocate the
program.
existing satellites in conjunction with new
launches to provide effective long-term
Provided funding and guidance for the
communications support in all global
development and evaluation of state-of-
DSCS satellite positions.
the-art multiple beam antennas using
monolithic microwave integrated circuit
Initiated fielding of the new semi-auto-
technology.
matic control system for the Jam Resistant
Secure Communications (JRSC) system to
JAM RESISTANT SECURE COMMUNICATIONS
improve operational capacity and network
(JRSC)
performance.
The JRSC Program provides end-to-end
Initiated planning and implementation of
survivable communications in both a
the Integrated Digital Network Exchange
nuclear scintillated and electronically
(IDNX) as the standard smart multiplex
jammed environment. It supports the
that will allow integration of the DSCS
National Command Authority,
with terrestrial communications networks.
Commanders-in-Chief, and deployed mil-
itary commanders by providing critical
Developed and initiated the implementa-
decision-making voice conferences and
tion of advanced DSCS utilization con-
data transfer via the Integrated Tactical
cepts to provide improved support for
Warning/Attack Assessment (ITW/AA)
Navy ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship
network, the SSCN, and survivable and
communications. This development will
enduring Commanders-in-Chief Network
provide a large improvement in day-to-day
(CINCNET).
and antijam capabilities over ocean areas.
Planned for the implementation of the
Initiated the implementation for the
Survivable Communications Integration
Distributed Military Satellite Commun-
System (SCIS) data and man-in-the-loop
ication (MILSATCOM) Conferencing
contracting requirements as part of the
Project to serve the Secure Survivable
ITW/AA. Existing JRSC circuits activated
Communications Network (SSCN) with
in the Tactical Warning/Attack Assess-
voice and data coordination circuits
ment (TW/AA) continued to perform
between missile warning sensors and cor-
with more than 99 percent availability.
relation centers.
Phase I and phase II installation continu-
Completed the upgrade of 38 existing
ing for modifications to 64 U.S.C.-28
satellite terminals with antijam modem
JRSC systems to protect them from
equipment for mitigation of nuclear
nuclear atmospheric effects (contractual
effects. An additional 28 modems will be
and noncontractual). Initiated phase III
modified.
contract to modify remaining 10.
Deactivated the Onizuka AFB DSCS
DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (DCS)
Operations Center (DSCSOC) facility.
Began installation of control equipment in
TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION
DSCS Operations Center, Ft. Buckner,
Japan. Activation is planned for late 1992.
DISA is continuing to implement T-1's
Ft. Buckner will become the fifth DSC-
under the circuit bundling program and
SOC, replacing Clark AFB, Republic of
smart multiplexers in the Defense
the Philippines (RP), which was closed in
Information Systems Network Near Term
1991 because of the Mt. Pinatubo
(DISN-NT) to realize immediate cost
eruption.
4-11
savings to its customers. DISA is taking full
been deactivated and the remaining U.S.
advantage of competitive pricing in com-
Navy (USN) radios will be removed by
mercial satellite and fiber optic cable facili-
December 1992 from the Philippines.
ties in providing users with diversity,
reliability, responsiveness, and significant
Pacific HF Entry Program: Because the
cost savings. Most of the T-1's have been
Clark HF entry station was deactivated,
implemented with the exception of
Commander-in-Chief, Pacific (CINC-
EuroSat and the Pacific Consolidated
PAC) J6 called for early activation of
Telecommunications Network (PCTN).
Diego Garcia and Anderson AFB, Guam,
HF facilities. Diego Garcia reported the
The CONUS Circuit Bundling Project
HF station is ready and DISA-PAC
provides satellite and fiber optic cable T-1
requested testing to verify HF entry capa-
connectivity as required in CONUS to
bility before offering service to users. The
bundle economically existing leased ser-
estimated early activation date for
vices. This action has been rolled into the
Andersen HF entry station is December
DISN-NT effort and is being imple-
1992. The possibility of Finegayan HF sta-
mented as required. Services include
tion providing earlier HF entry service is
integration of the Navy Network
under study.
(NAVNET), Air Force Network
(AFNET), Streamlining of Information
HF Upgrade Programs: The Services
Services Operations Consolidation Study
were scheduled to brief the Joint Staff in
(SISOCS), and the Defense Logistics
June 1992 on the HF Mission Area
Agency Communications Network (DLA
Review. The outcome of the review is
DCN) bundling effort.
expected to significantly impact HF
programs.
As part of DCS Mediterranean
Improvement Plan (DMIP) Phase I,
COUNTER-DRUG INTEGRATION CENTER
activated the satellite-based leased links in
Turkey under contract with the Turkish
Provided technical and engineering sup-
Post, Telephone, and Telegraph (TPTT).
port to DoD and Federal Law
Three terrestrial-based leased links will
Enforcement Agencies (LEA).
provide a mix of media to complete the
digital bulk-encrypted system in Turkey.
Development of the initial National
Deactivation of the United States-owned
Information Resource Management
terrestrial links in Turkey will occur as the
Plan (NIRMP) was completed in FY92
leased links are activated. Two terrestrial-
and a regional Information
based leased links were activated to provide
Management Plan (IMP) for the south-
connectivity from Turkey to Italy and
west border of the United States, will
Germany. The satellite-based leased link
be completed in FY92. A requirement
from Turkey to Italy will be activated by
for an IMP for Federal agencies across
summer 1992.
the Northern Border (Project North
Star), is in for validation by the Joint
Pacific Terrestrial DCS: Activated two
Staff for start this calendar year. Joint
new digital bulk 6 Mbps leases in Japan to
Task Force (JTF)-4 C4 architecture has
replace and consolidate obsolete analog
been started and will be completed in
broadband and circuit leases; activated sub-
FY93, as will an agency-specific infor-
marine fiber optic system interconnecting
mation resources management (IRM)
mainland Japan to Okinawa; implemented
plan for Drug Enforcement
digital conversion in Hawaii, Korea, Japan,
Administration (DEA).
Guam, and the Philippines. However, the
U.S. Air Force (USAF) radio links have
4-12
Provided system engineering and design
Telephone Units (STU-III), secure
of a prototype system to improve infor-
mobile radio units, modifications to
mation sharing throughout the south-
existing radios to make them voice pri-
west border States for JTF-6 and Forces
vacy capable, a secure voice satellite net-
Command (FORSCOM). Supported
work supporting Caribbean Basin radar
the required Independent Validation
facilities, automated HF radio systems,
and Verification (IV&V) of counter-
and AUTODIN connectivity for DEA's
narcotic (CN) architecture development
EPIC facility.
and prioritization. Began work on data
element standardization and develop-
-
The DoD centralized procurement of
ment of a standard data dictionary; this
telecommunications equipment worth
will continue through at least FY93.
$135 million over 3 years ends with the
FY92 obligation of $910 thousand of
Efforts included Tiger Team visits and
FY91 procurement funds. The Com-
the resulting recommendation reports
munications Interoperability Working
to California and Mexico City for U.S.
Group (CIWG) has approved spending
FORSCOM and to U.S. Atlantic
these funds for additional Advanced
Command (LANTCOM) for Com-
Narrowband Digital Voice Terminals
mander-in-Chief, Atlantic (CIN-
(ANDVT) for the U.S. Customs
CLANT). Tiger Team visits to DEA
Service, DEA, and U.S. Marshals
and Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) for
Service, and VHF Over-The-Air-Rekey
Office of National Drug Control Policy
(OTAR) radios for the U.S. Coast
(ONDCP) were culminated with rec-
Guard. The final project is a contribu-
ommendations forwarded to agencies.
tion to the multiagency coordination
network like the one used by Operation
Began the FORSCOM Automated
Alliance, but covering the northern bor-
Intelligence Support System upgrade,
der States. Its implementation will be an
which will be completed in FY93, as will
extension of the U.S. Customs VHF
the ongoing upgrade to the Mexico City
radio network. A system was developed
Intelligence Analysis Center. The oper-
to track these expenditures, and report
ational evaluation of communications
and inventory the procured equipment,
supporting the President's National
which is DoD property on permanent
Drug Control Strategy, to evaluate
loan to supported LEA's.
improvements made to security and
interoperability of LEA's counter-drug
-
ADNET progress has accelerated dur-
interdiction missions, and the El Paso
ing FY92. The Joint Staff has continued
Intelligence Center (EPIC) improve-
program definition and implementation.
ment program midterm upgrade will
Additional required and updated opera-
both be finished in FY92.
tions, configuration management, and
security documentation have been pro-
DISA worked directly with ONDCP
duced and disseminated. Two ADNET
and Federal LEA's to implement the
Users' Conferences and four Config-
DoD-funded portion of the Drug
uration Control Boards have been held,
Enforcement Telecommunications
which allow ADNET users to provide
Implementation Plan (DETIP). These
inputs to the growth and improvement
procurements significantly enhanced
of ADNET. Supported integrating the
interagency telecommunication capabil-
data base of the Joint Staff's ADNET
ities and improved the protection of
with those of the Defense Intelligence
sensitive and classified information.
Agency's Emerald Intelligence Net and
Included in this project were Secure
the U.S. Coast Guard's Joint Maritime
Information Element system.
4-13
ADNET installations have proceeded
Continued support of temporary DSNET1
smoothly (averaging two or three per
packet switched network (PSN) in Saudi
month) despite expanding requirements
Arabia. Conducted final site survey for a
and unanticipated network growth. The
permanent DISA PSN installation to sup-
Joint Staff receives new requests for
port MILNET and DSNET1 require-
ADNET workstations each month from
ments in that theater.
DoD and LEA civil defense (CD)
elements. To date, 111 ADNET work-
DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM DATA
stations have been installed and are
NETWORKS OPERATIONS
operational.
Defense Commercial Communications
Information passed by ADNET has
Office (DECCO) has scheduled the USAS
been an integral part of numerous large
Project Simpson Restoral HF AUTODIN
successful interdiction efforts in foreign
interface device (HFAID) acquisition con-
countries. Both DoD and LEA
tract award for December 1992. This
ADNET operators have been enthusias-
acquisition includes the Government of
tic about the capabilities provided by
Australia HFAID requirement.
ADNET. For example, a DoD official
in a U.S. embassy credited the intera-
RED SWITCH
gency cooperation provided by
ADNET with the seizure of 33,000
kilograms of cocaine worth $1 billion,
Expanded the scope of the Defense Red
25 aircraft, 30 land vehicles, and 25 ille-
Switch Program at JCS direction, February
gal drug smugglers. New data sources
11, 1992, to include more than 50 locations
and further expansion will allow
as part of the network. This network is
ADNET to contribute even more dur-
expected to evolve into a global network.
ing years to come.
Completed cutover of the Red switches at
Whitman and Yokota.
Supported JTF 4 with the installation of
satellite connectivity.
Installed Red switches at LANTCOM and
the Alternate Military Command Center.
OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD/STORM
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROVISIONING
Completed microwave radio link between
Bahrain and Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Reduced recurring leased communications
Completed fiber optic link between Riyadh
costs on the DDN backbone by $10 mil-
and Dhahran.
lion per year. Savings originated from a
variety of DISA Telecommunications
Provided on-site personnel in Saudi Arabia
Certification Office (TCO) initiatives that
to coordinate the engineering, installation,
improved the quality of service while
and activation of the transmission and
reducing DISA costs and made the maxi-
mum use of the Defense Communications
switching components of the Southwest
Asia Telecommunications System (SATS).
System transmission.
Provided staffing for the DISA Central
Reduced recurring leased communications
Area Field Office and established an Area
costs in support of DISA requirements by
Communications Operations Center in
$1 million per year. Savings originated
support of Commander-in-Chief, Central
from review and revalidation of existing
services, which resulted in re-award or dis-
Command (CINCCENT). The deployed
personnel coordinated the installation and
continuation of existing leased actions.
activation of CINCCENT-validated com-
4-14
munication requirements.
Activated the first year option to the new
Assisted various Government organiza-
provisioning contract in support of HQ
tions in preparing TSR's to gain access to
DISA, DISA Europe, DISA Pacific, and
the International Marine Satellite
DISA Telecommunications Management
(INMARSAT) contract administered by
and Services Office (TMSO) in support of
DECCO. This effort reduces the
Telecommunications Service Requests
Government's cost of these commercial
(TSR)/Telecommunications Service
satellites from more than $11.00 to under
Orders (TSO) provisioning efforts. This
$7.00 per minute.
action will result in contractor work of
43,500 DCS TSR/TSO actions.
IMAGE PROCESSING
Processed a total of 26,000 TSR's/TSO's
Provided recording support for the
under the new provisioning contract in
Chairman, JCS. Produced and facilitated
support of HQ DISA, DISA Pacific, DISA
14 programs, recorded in the Visual
Europe, and DISA TMSO.
Recording Facility studio or on location.
Completed the program of
Provided television production support for
Telecommunications Service Priority
politico-military war games and disaster
(TSP) certification in support of DISA
scenarios for the Joint Staff, Department
requirements, AUTODIN and DDN
of Defense, and other Federal branch
backbone.
departments.
Initiated procedures to accelerate identifi-
NETWORK MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS
cation and accountability of government-
owned equipment installed in Western
Installed the AT&T Accumaster
Hemisphere DCS facilities. Equipment is
Integrator in support of network manage-
validated by military unit designation, post,
ment of the DISN. This tool provides the
camp, station, geographical location,
DISA Network Operation Center (NOC)
building and room number. This initiative
with the ability to monitor several Tier I
involves more than 270 locations.
data networks. It will eventually be
expanded to provide the capability to mon-
Developed and published communications
itor the voice networks and other data net-
service orders establishing the Defense
works.
Advanced Research Projects Agency's
(DARPA) domestic and international
Installed the visual display units, Barco
wideband communications network.
graphics projectors, in support of display-
ing network information and Cable News
Revised the DISA Worldwide
Network. This has provided the NOC
Geographical Locations (GEOLOCO) to
with an excellent capability that allows the
recognize the changes taking place in
entire operations floor to visually monitor
Germany, Russia, and parts of Europe.
network status and monitor world situa-
Also, revised over 500 GEOLOCO's that
tions that may impact the defense informa-
were improperly identified in the
tion system (DIS).
Worldwide On-Line System (WWOLS)
data base. This information is necessary to
Installed the Smart Multichannel
the Department of Defense and military
Terminal, Version II (SMCT-II), in sup-
units to designate and accurately deter-
port of satellite operations. This provides
mine the location of temporary and
the NOC with a more reliable and flexible
permanent communications facilities.
order-wire capability to manage and con-
trol the functions of the DSCS.
4-15
DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS NETWORK
DISN Level 1 Network Management
(DISN)
Center (NMC) at HQ DISA and Level II
NMC's at Scott AFB, Columbus, Ohio
Established a DISN JTF to address issues
were created. These centers, under the
and participate in the accelerated imple-
operational direction and management
mentation of the DISN.
control of DISA, signaled the beginning of
DISN Network Operations.
Formed DISN Executive Steering Group
to guide the JTF in developing and imple-
DISA and the NSA jointly developed a
menting DISN.
security architecture for DISN. The secu-
rity architecture was validated by the Joint
The Office of the JCS released
Staff and forwarded to OSD for
Memorandum of Policy No. 70, which
implementation.
established DoD Services' and Agencies'
responsibility for DISN and gives opera-
The existing DDN MILNET X.25 net-
tional direction and management control
work was downsized to reduce operating
to DISA.
expenses.
The Director, DISA, released the DISN
Efforts continued in preparation for the
Implementing Document, which directs
eventual far-term acquisition contract,
Service and Agency support and use of
scheduled for FY96.
DISN.
Eight previously disparate Service and
Agency networks were identified to be
integrated under a single network manage-
ment concept. The integration of DISN-
NT networks (DISN Pilot, AFNET,
NAVNET, DCN, Corps of Engineers
Automation Program [CEAP], Marine
Corps Data Network [MCDN], SISOCS,
and DDN-MILNET), begun in FY92,
formed the initial operating DISN net-
work.
4-16
OF
PRO
SEQUITUR
IMMERATION
JUSTITIA
SERVICE
NATURALIZATION
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
NCS support requirements specified in
E.O. 12472.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The Department and its bureaus (DEA,
MISSION
FBI, and Immigration and Naturalization
Service [INS]) participated in SHARES
he NS/EP telecommunications
T
HF Radio Exercises 91-2, 91-3, and 92-1.
mission to DOJ is to provide
These SHARES exercises offered partici-
telecommunication facilities and
pating Federal departments and agencies
services in support of DOJ NS/EP essential
the opportunity to develop and improve
functions. The NS/EP responsibility is central-
skills for passing NS/EP traffic. A mix of
ized in the Justice Management Division for all
departmental HF radio stations, with and
Department entities except the Federal Bureau
without prior SHARES experience, partic-
of Investigation (FBI) and the DEA. These
ipated in the exercises.
bureaus maintain separate secure network
facilities.
DOJ continued its active participation in
the NCS activities of the COP/COR.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
ORGANIZATION
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
The Telecommunications Services Staff
(TSS) under the Deputy Assistant Attorney
The following current/ongoing activities
General for IRM operates and manages DOJ's
support NS/EP objectives:
message processing system and the
Telecommunications Service Center. TSS also
TSS provides operational telecommunica-
provides networking and technical assistance to
tion services by managing, engineering,
DOJ's offices, boards, and divisions. Secure
and operating the DOJ nationwide data
message transmission is offered through sepa-
telecommunication systems serving all
rate facilities. The Emergency Planning Group
DOJ offices except the FBI.
and the Information Security Policy Group of
the Security and Emergency Planning Staff
DOJ's active participation in the FTSC
manage the STU program of all DOJ organi-
standards process continues to promote
zations (except FBI and DEA).
interoperability of telecommunication ser-
vices and to strengthen NS/EP
communications.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
DOJ realized the following NS/EP
DOJ continues its active support of the
telecommunication achievements:
SHARES HF Radio Program.
Provided staffing support to the OMNCS
DOJ continues its active support of the
CIWG.
with a full-time DOJ employee to meet its
4-17
DOJ continues its active support of the
FTSC's HF Radio Subcommittee and the
Standards Development Working Group,
the Statement of Requirements Working
Group, and the Test and Evaluation
Working Group.
DOJ is participating in the White House
Communications Interoperability
Working Group (WHCIWG) which is
chartered to conduct studies and make rec-
ommendations concerning interoperability
of telecommunications between the White
House Communications Agency and other
agencies and organizations in the Federal
Government.
Continued participation in the TSP system
and related NS/EP initiatives.
PENDING ISSUES
Review of DOJ telecommunications
staffing constraints with expanded NCS
activities and work loads.
4-18
OF
THE
DE
March
3,
1849
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DOI)
ment, and services; prepares departmental policy
and strategic telecommunication plans; approves
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
system procurement and installation actions;
serves as liaison with the GSA, the National
MISSION
Telecommunications and Information
Administration (NTIA), and the NCS; provides
OI has few telecommunication
technical assistance to bureaus and offices; and
assets identified in support of
reviews or develops specifications and/or solici-
NS/EP objectives because the
tation documents for obtaining the services or
agency's primary mission is to efficiently man-
facilities required by bureaus and offices.
age United States natural resources. Only
mobilization and relocation circuitry are
included as NS/EP telecommunication
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
requirements because the DOI NS/EP mission
is minimal.
During FY92, the Office of Information
Resources Management realized the following
NS/EP and telecommunications management
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
accomplishments:
ORGANIZATION
Issued a Departmental Manual Chapter
Telecommunications program manage-
(377 DM 1) that establishes policies and
ment resides at both the departmental and
responsibilities for managing and using
bureau levels. The Telecommunications
telecommunication systems, networks,
Systems Division, Office of Information
equipment, and services within the
Resources Management, has departmentwide
Department.
responsibilities. These responsibilities include
assessing existing policies, procedures, guide-
Established guidelines for implementing
lines, and standards to determine their contin-
video conferencing facilities.
ued appropriateness to managing and using
telecommunication facilities; developing
Sponsored a 4-day departmental radio
telecommunication plans, policies, and proce-
communications conference where opera-
dures; and representing departmental interest
tions, policy, and engineering issues were
discussed.
in governmentwide activities. Bureau telecom-
munication managers and their staff are
responsible for communications operational
Represented the Department at Joint
support. Many telecommunications manage-
Telecommunications Board meetings of
the Federated States of Micronesia and the
ment responsibilities within the Department
are handled by personnel on a collateral duty
Republic of the Marshall Islands. Issues
basis.
included civil and military radio frequency
assignment and management procedures,
The Telecommunications Systems
development of supporting infrastructure
Division coordinates the sharing and acquisi-
for internal use, and international notifica-
tion of telecommunication facilities, equip-
tion of ships and radio stations.
4-19
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
Multiple nationwide data communication
networks have been implemented over the past
several years and upgraded during our transi-
tion to the FTS2000 network. Interconnection
of those networks is now being pursued. The
use of frame relay technologies and the imple-
mentation of departmentwide electronic mail
access are being investigated.
PENDING ISSUES
Departmental reliance and emphasis on
information resources continue to grow. The
development of new functional applications,
enhancement of existing systems, and the
redesign and replacement of obsolete systems
all reflect this growth. Despite necessary bud-
get, personnel, and regulatory constraints;
technology advances must continue to be
exploited to further increase productivity.
Continued improvement in managing and
using of information resources must be sup-
ported by applying new data management
techniques. Participation will be required on
interagency committees developing national
standards for telecommunications interoper-
ability. Dependence on the FTS2000 network
and the use of digital telephone systems, local
area networks, mobile communications, and
very small aperture satellite terminal service are
critical to DOI.
4-20
DENARTMENT OF STATES AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE UNITED
representing departmental interests in govern-
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
mentwide activities such as liaison to the GSA
AGRICULTURE (USDA)
and NCS.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The Telecommunications Policy Division
is responsible for providing departmental tele-
MISSION
communications policy and guidance; support-
he USDA has several essential
ing USDA and governmentwide telecommun-
functions requiring NS/EP
ication programs; developing and maintaining
telecommunications:
departmental long-range telecommunication
plans; implementing telecommunication stan-
Provide the domestic distribution of seed,
dards and security programs; conducting
livestock, poultry feed, fertilizer, and farm
agency reviews; and evaluating the implemen-
tation of telecommunication policies,
equipment
standards, and long-range plans.
Manage the use of lands and facilities
under USDA jurisdiction
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Direct the rural fire control activities
During FY92, the USDA realized the
regarding national forests in coordination
following NS/EP telecommunication
with local authorities
accomplishments:
Inspect livestock and poultry, and the
Reviewed the USDA Office of Emergency
products thereof, to ensure safety and
Programs directive from the telecommuni-
wholesomeness
cations perspective
Implement plans using water in food pro-
Reviewed a departmentwide NS/EP
duction and processing.
telecommunications survey supporting the
essential emergency functions (EEF)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
Streamlined the staffing and coordination
ORGANIZATION
process by developing procedures for
improved responsiveness to the needs of
While there is no formal organization
the Manager, NCS. Provided a full-time
within the USDA dedicated to NS/EP
employee to serve on the staff of the
telecommunications support, policy and exper-
Manager, NCS.
tise on NCS matters are provided by the Office
of IRM as required and as a collateral duty.
Transferred communications security
account and identified new requirements
Telecommunications management resides
for the STU-III. Participated in National
at the department and agency level. The
Security Agency communications security
Telecommunications Policy Division has
training.
departmentwide responsibilities that include
4-21
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
PENDING ISSUES
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
Monitor long-term approved methodol-
Participate on COP/COR, the National
ogy for "pro rata shared" funding by which
the Manager, NCS, telecommunication
Security Telecommunications Advisory
Committee (NSTAC), and the Industry
initiatives can be funded and implemented
(i.e., funding of the NLP)
Executive Subcommittee (IES)
Represent USDA as NCS member orga-
Participate in developing and implement-
nization in Manager, NCS, activities
ing the TSP System, which replaced the
restoration priority (RP) system and
related NS/EP initiatives
Participate in the SHARES HF Program,
the CIWG, and the Meteor Burst
Review USDA telecommunication
Communications (MBC) Working Group
resources and staffing constraints with
Support the Diplomatic
expanded NCS activity and workload
Telecommunications Service (DTS)
Monitor the GETS for its impact on the
Participate in the NCS TPPS, the
Department (i.e., Panel of Experts Report
on GETS)
Interoperability Radio Subcommittee,
FTSC, and other working group activities
Monitor communications security (COM-
as necessary
SEC) and Department requirements to
Implement STU-III's
implement the NLP.
Evaluate implementation of the
Government Emergency
Telecommunications Service (GETS)
telecommunication policies
Participate in the NCS Vision 21/Total
Quality Management (TQM) process to
assist the President in ensuring that the
Federal Government has the telecommu-
nication services needed during
emergencies.
4-22
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES OF
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC)
available to support both national defense and
essential civilian programs in a national security
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
emergency. Control the production and distri-
bution of all manufactured goods and
MISSION
processed materials. Agency Related Activities:
International Trade Association/Bureau of
T
he DOC is the chief organization in
Export Administration/Economic and Statistics
the Federal Government responsi-
Administration (ITA/BXA/ESA) Programs
ble for the commercialization of
trade, and its impact on commodities, inven-
2. Identify those industrial products and
tion, and technology. The DOC also maintains
facilities that are essential to mobilization readi-
a strong position in the analysis of economic
ness, national defense, or post-attack survival
trends through census, business, and standards.
and recovery, in cooperation with the Secretary
The Commerce role in technology also
of Defense and departments and agencies.
involves the gathering, monitoring and analysis
Control the use of all production facilities
of environmental data for reporting of weather
except those of DoD and Department of
and oceanic and other geophysical information,
Energy (DOE). Agency Related Activities:
if sufficiently critical to require early warning of
ITA/BXA/ESA Programs
expected emergencies.
3. Analyze potential effects of national
The above DOC functions are key respon-
security emergencies on actual production
sibilities and involve several missions that are
capability, taking into account the entire pro-
on-going during national security emergencies.
duction complex, including shortages of
These missions and functions are performed
resources. Develop preparedness measures to
during the three identified NS/EP stress peri-
strengthen capabilities for production increases
ods: (1) peacetime, (2) crisis and mobilization,
in national security emergencies in cooperation
and (3) late trans-attack and early post-attack
with the Secretary of Defense and departments
(LTA/EPA), and are supported by NLP and
and agencies. Control all construction materials
agency-level NS/EP telecommunication ser-
and the furnishing of basic industrial services
vices.
(except those under the jurisdiction of DOE,
USDA, NCS, Federal Communications
The key responsibilities during national
Commission [FCC], Department of Health
security emergencies require DOC to imple-
and Human Services [DHHS], DoD, FAA,
ment plans during peacetime, and activate
Department of Transportation [DOT], and
planned controls during crisis/mobilization and
DOI). Agency Related Activities:
LTA/EPA periods. E.O. 12656 establishes the
ITA/BXA/ESA Programs
emergency preparedness functions for DOC
identified in Items 1 through 13 below, while
4. Perform industry analyses to assess
E.O. 12472 specifies items 14 and 15.
capabilities of the commercial industrial base to
support the national defense, and develop pol-
1. Develop control systems for priorities,
icy alternatives to improve the international
allocation, production, and distribution of
competitiveness of specific domestic industries
materials and other resources that will be
and their abilities to meet defense program
4-23
needs in cooperation with the Secretary of
purposes, standards activities, and census data.
Defense. Implement Machine Tool Trigger
Perform functions that may involve monitoring
Order Program. Agency Related Activities:
potential radiological hazards, including
ITA/BXA/ESA Programs
weather forecasting, geodetic, hydrographic,
climatic, seismic, and oceanographic data.
5. Develop plans for providing emergency
Agency Related Activities: Technology
assistance to the private sector through direct
Administration (TA)/National Institute of
or participation loans for the financing of pro-
Standards and Technology
duction facilities and equipment in cooperation
(NIST)/ESA/NOAA/ National Weather
with the Secretary of the Treasury. Implement
Service (NWS) Programs
emergency assistance programs essential to
small business in coordination with Small
10. Represent the United States in
Business Administration. Agency Related
industry-related international (NATO and
Activities: ITA/BXA/ESA Programs
allied) civil emergency preparedness planning
and related activities in coordination with the
6. Prepare plans to regulate and control
Secretary of State and the Director of the
exports and imports in national security emer-
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
gencies in cooperation with the Secretaries of
Agency Related Activities: ITA/BXA Programs
State, Defense, Transportation, and Treasury.
Regulate and control exports and imports.
11. Assist the Secretary of Defense in for-
Agency Related Activities: ITA/BXA Programs
mulating and carrying out plans for stockpiling
strategic and critical materials. Agency Related
7. Provide for the collection and reporting
Activities: ITA/ ESA/BXA Programs
of census information on human and economic
resources, and maintain a capability to conduct
12. Support the Secretary of Agriculture in
emergency surveys to provide information on
planning for the national security management,
the status of these resources as required for
production and processing of forest and fishery
national security purposes. Implement emer-
products. Agency Related Activities: ITA/BXA
gency plans regarding census functions, and
and NOAA/NMFS Programs
coordinate services essential to Federal organi-
zations regarding census data. Agency Related
13. Assist the Secretary of the Treasury in
Activities: Census Programs
the formulation and execution of economic
measures affecting other nations in consultation
8. Provide overall plans and programs to
with the Secretaries of State and Defense.
ensure that the fishing industry continues to
Agency Related Activities: ITA/ESA Programs
produce and process essential protein in
national security emergencies. Control fishing
14. Develop plans and procedures con-
industry activities for protein production.
cerning radio spectrum assignments, priorities
Agency Related Activities: National Oceanic
and allocations for use by Federal departments,
and Atmospheric Administration
agencies and entities in national security emer-
(NOAA)/National Marine Fisheries Service
gencies. Manage Federal Government's share
(NMFS) Programs
of radio spectrum. Agency Related Activities:
NTIA Programs
9. Develop plans to provide meteorologi-
cal, hydrologic, marine weather, geodetic,
15. Develop, maintain and publish policy,
hydrographic, climatic, seismic, and oceano-
plans and procedures for the control and alloca-
graphic data and services to Federal, State and
tion of frequency assignments, including the
local agencies, as appropriate. Coordinate sci-
authority to amend, modify or revoke such
entific and technological services essential to
assignments in those parts of the electromag-
Federal departments and agencies, particularly
netic spectrum assigned to the Federal Govern-
meteorological and related services, map and
ment in national security emergencies. Control
related data production for non-DoD
the allocations of frequency assignments.
4-24
Agency Related Activities: NTIA Programs
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
foreign commercial services, international
trade development, and antidumping and
ORGANIZATION
countervailing duty investigation and
enforcement.
The principal DOC organizations per-
forming the above functions that rely on
The Census Bureau upgraded its network-
NS/EP telecommunications support are
ing capability by connecting its nationwide
NTIA, NIST as part of TA, ESA, BXA, ITA,
operating facilities to the FTS2000 data
the Census Bureau as part of Economic Affairs
network and implementing redundant
(EA), the Patents and Trademarks Office
links for support of statistical data collec-
(PTO), NOAA which includes the NWS, the
tion and processing.
Office of Oceans and Atmospheric Research
(OAR), the National Environmental Satellite
The Census Bureau upgraded its nation-
Data and Information Service (NESDIS), the
wide telecommunications network to
National Oceanic Service (NOS), and the
accommodate high-speed file transfers to
NMFS. (See Exhibit 4-1.)
support statistical data collection and
dissemination.
Although some of these organizations pro-
vide direct support to the DOC for carrying
NOAA/NWS upgraded their networks
out emergency functions, other DOC operat-
using FTS2000 links to support connectiv-
ing units provide support to these components.
ity at the National Severe Storms Forecast
Center for high-speed transfer of forecast
data.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
NOAA/NMFS upgraded their networks
The DOC and its operating units are con-
using FTS2000 links to support connectiv-
tinuing to make significant accomplishments in
ity between all National Marine Fisheries
supporting the above emergency functions by
Service centers and field locations by pro-
providing communication resources vital to the
viding high-speed access to fisheries man-
flow of information; these accomplishments are
agement information.
listed below:
NOAA/OAR upgraded their artificial
NTIA developed a computer-based pro-
intelligence projects to improve solar and
gram that facilitates coordination of emer-
weather predictions.
gency broadcast information among the
FCC, Federal Emergency Management
The NOAA/NWS implemented a new
Agency (FEMA), and NTIA.
satellite service to disseminate warnings,
forecasts, and data to the news media for
NTIA's management of the radio spec-
broadcast to the public.
trum was enhanced substantially with the
implementation of computer capability to
The DOC Headquarters enhanced its
analyze Federal spectrum use and alloca-
automated telecommunications manage-
tions, complementing Government
ment capability to manage departmen-
Master File data now distributed to depart-
twide voice and data communication
ments and agencies via compact disk.
systems.
NIST converted its backbone network to
The DOC Headquarters enhanced the
use of FTS2000 data network and con-
Department backbone network to improve
nected local networks at Gaithersburg,
the information flow among the field
Maryland, and Boulder, Colorado.
administrative offices and department data
centers using System Network
ITA upgraded its networks for processing
Architecture (SNA) upgrade with the com-
information associated with domestic and
munications resources of FTS2000.
4-25
4-26
Counselor to the
SECRETARY
General Counsel
Secretary
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Deputy
Office of
Secretary
Public Affairs
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
EXHIBIT 4-1
Inspector General
Chief of Staff
Office of Business
Assistant Secretary
Liaison
for Administration
Office of Policy Planning
Assistant Secretary for
and Coordination
Legislative and
Intergovernmental Affairs
Office of White
House Liaison
Under Secretary and
Under Secretary for
Under Secretary for
Under Secretary for
Administrator
International Trade
Export Administration
Under Secretary for
Travel and Tourism
Under Secretary for
National Oceanic and
Economic Affairs
International Trade
Bureau of Export
United States Travel
Technology
Atmospheric
Administration
Administration
and Tourism
Administration
Administration
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary
for Oceans and
Director
for International
for Import
for Export
for Export
Assistant Secretary
Director
Atmosphere and
Chief Economist
Economic Policy
Administration
Administration
Enforcement
for
Bureau of The
National Institute of
Deputy Administrator
Technology Policy
Census
Standards and
Technology
Director General US
Assistant Secretary
Director
Director
and Foreign
for Trade
Commercial Service
Development
Bureau of Economic
National Technical
Affairs
Information Service
Assistant Secretary for
Assistant Secretary and
Director
Assistant Secretary for
Communications and
Commissioner of Patents and
Economic Development
Information
Trademarks
Minority Business
Development Agency
Economic Development
National Telecommunications
Patent and Trademark Office
Administration
and Information
Administration
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
NOAA/NWS are upgrading their
telecommunication facilities to transfer
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
weather data under the new next-genera-
tion weather radar program.
The DOC operating units are continuing
to upgrade and expand several agencywide
NOAA/NWS are upgrading their
telecommunication services for the transfer of
telecommunication facilities to use inter-
essential information to support their mis-
national weather satellite information as a
sions/functions, including:
backup to the domestic service through a
bent-pipe agreement with the European
NTIA is implementing a computer-based
countries, thus decreasing the risk of losing
management information system for its
a source of weather observations data.
emergency spectrum management activi-
ties, replacing plans that offered no real-
NOAA/NESDIS are upgrading their
time capability.
telecommunication networks for the com-
munications of environmental data
NIST is continuing to develop several net-
throughout NOAA and other Federal
works and related standards for the com-
Government organizations.
munications of scientific information using
new technology, such as ISDN and fiber
NOAA/NESDIS are implementing an
optics to provide integrated computing
international communications capability to
and information exchange.
allow the gathering and processing of
weather observation data from interna-
ITA is continuing to implement new net-
tionally available satellites.
works to enhance the flow of information
to support the Trade Policy Information
NOAA/NOS are continuing to install a
System.
capability to create and disseminate digital
aeronautical data in a totally electronic
ITA is implementing international com-
format.
munications services to all foreign ITA
commercial services offices to provide a
NOAA/NOS are continuing to upgrade
capability for exchange of trade opportu-
their shipboard communications services
nity information with the help of the
with more reliable ship-to-shore satellite
Department of State.
telecommunication services.
NOAA/NWS are continuing to upgrade
NOAA/NWS are continuing to evaluate
their telecommunication facilities that sup-
doppler radar as an effective weather infor-
port the collection and distribution of
mation gathering and communications
weather data among field weather observa-
platform to automate and improve weather
tion offices, and rapidly disseminate public
information collection and monitoring.
warnings and forecasts.
DOC offices are upgrading the local com-
NOAA/NWS are upgrading their com-
munications services at their facilities to
munications digital facsimile capability of
accommodate better voice and data com-
aeronautical weather maps to airports and
munications services using the consoli-
pilots using satellite communications
dated/aggregated services programs
services.
provided by GSA.
NOAA/NWS are upgrading their
The Department of Commerce relies on
telecommunication capabilities for
the use of governmentwide communications
advanced weather interactive processing
services where possible to support the commu-
systems for the 1990's.
nication of information during peace-time and
4-27
emergencies. In almost all instances, the
Commerce operating units have shifted to the
GSA-provided FTS2000 services for long dis-
tance voice communications and to the GSA
local services program for intracity voice com-
munications. This trend over the last 5 years is
a shift in usage toward aggregated voice-grade
communications services and a dependance on
these service providers during emergencies.
The dependance on data communications ser-
vices is still reliant primarily on privately pro-
vided commercial communications services.
Some move of data services toward aggregated
Government services, however, can be
expected in the future as can a movement
toward the FTS2000 programs. The
Commerce scientific missions, such as satellite
and earth sensing technology, will probably
remain independent technical communications
solutions.
4-28
OF HEALTH HUMAN
DEPART
SERVICES
USA
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
SERVICES (DHHS)
The Secretary of the DHHS assigned
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
responsibility for the Department's emergency
preparedness program to the Assistant
MISSION
Secretary for Health. The ASMB assigned the
Department's NS/EP telecommunications
he DHHS NS/EP telecommunica-
program to the Deputy Assistant Secretary,
tions mission is to support the
Office of Information Resources Management
department's NS/EP responsibili-
(OIRM). OIRM personnel now represent the
ties assigned under E.O. 12656. DHHS main-
DHHS on the COP/COR.
tains a functioning National Disaster Medical
System and social services delivery system that
requires a level of survivable telecommunica-
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
tions capability.
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
DHHS established a departmental/operat-
ing division committee of emergency prepared-
ORGANIZATION
ness and telecommunications personnel to
define the telecommunication services needed
Telecommunications program manage-
to support the Department's explicit and
ment is a departmental and operating division
implicit responsibilities under E.O. 12656.
function. The Assistant Secretary for
Management and Budget (ASMB) has overall
departmental responsibility for telecommuni-
cations policy and management. The operating
divisions are responsible for acquisition and
operation of telecommunication services and
facilities to satisfy their programs' mission
requirements.
4-29
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
continually demonstrate the ability to provide
communications in support of actual NS/EP-
(DOT)
related missions.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The Department's operating administra-
MISSION
tions provide systems and networks to support
their mission needs. The efforts of the United
OT has a wide range of missions
States Coast Guard (USCG), FAA, Federal
including the safety of travelers in
Highway Administration (FHWA), Research
transit at sea, in the air, and on the
and Special Programs Administration (RSPA),
ground. Communications support varies from
and Maritime Administration (MARAD) are
administrative to command and control, using
included in DOT's input to the FY92 NCS
methods that range from the PSN to advanced
Annual Report.
dedicated systems. DOT incorporates NS/EP
considerations into its telecommunications
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
planning, management, and operational
programs.
DOT components played a key role dur-
ing Operations Desert Shield/Storm. Mission
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
support included the transportation of vital
military cargo, environmental protection, and
ORGANIZATION
enforcement of trade sanctions against Iraq.
The DOT telecommunications program is
administered by the OIRM, Office of the
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
Secretary of Transportation. The director of
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
this office serves as the DOT representative to
the NCS COP. NS/EP telecommunications
DOT has a number of NS/EP-related
policy and planning are managed by the Chief,
telecommunication initiatives underway. Many
Telecommunications Division. A senior
of these are highlighted in the following text.
telecommunications policy analyst from the
Telecommunications Division serves as the
DOT representative to the NCS COR. DOT
is a participant in a number of NCS activities at
the working level. In addition, DOT plays an
active role on the TPPS, TSP Oversight
Committee, SHARES Working Group, and
the Vision 21 process. DOT telecommunica-
tions staff in the field often take part in NCS-
sponsored exercises to maintain proficiency and
evaluate program efforts. Most important,
DOT telecommunication field components
4-30
Complete PARKHILL replacement is
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCG)
expected by the end of FY92.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Maritime Defense Zone (MDZ).
MISSION
Command center upgrades are in progress
and will continue through FY92. These
USCG NS/EP objectives are threefold: to
upgrades will provide enhanced DOT
provide essential communications for the com-
interoperability in support of MDZ to a
mand and control of Coast Guard forces, to
much lower echelon than is currently
reconstitute the National Maritime Distress
available.
and Safety System, and to provide telecommu-
nication assets, as required, to DoD in support
Global Maritime Distress and Safety
of the National Command Authority.
System (GMDSS). GMDSS was adopted
as a treaty requirement at the 1988 Safety
of Life at Sea Convention. GMDSS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
entered into force internationally on
ORGANIZATION
February 1, 1992, and is expected to be
completely phased in on February 1, 1999.
The Office of Command, Control, and
GMDSS is a "concept," not an actual sys-
Communications (G-T) is the program direc-
tem. GMDSS uses a variety of electronic
tor for the Command, Control, and
equipment and communications systems
Communcations (C³) support program. (See
to provide better distress and safety alert
Exhibit 4-2 for an organizational chart.)
reporting for mariners at sea. Associated
GMDSS equipment and systems include:
Navtex, Emergency Position Indicating
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
Radio Beacon's (EPIRB), digital selective
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
calling (VHF and Multifrequency
[MF]/HF), Simplex Teletype Over Radio
The USCG is conducting the following
(SITOR), public data networks and satel-
activities:
lite communications (SATCOM). Coast
Guard implementation of these and other
VINSON (KY-58). VINSON provides a
systems will continue throughout the
remainder of this decade.
wideband, secure UHF capability to
USCG ships, aircraft, and selected shore
units. VINSON installations are effec-
tively complete for those units with secure
UHF requirements.
ANDVT. As the replacement for
PARKHILL, ANDVT is being fielded to
all USCG units that are PARKHILL
capable for secure HF communications.
4-31
INMARSAT A. STU-III compatible
Coast Guard Data Network (CGDN).
INMARSAT terminals are being fielded
The Coast Guard is interconnecting all
to selected medium- and high-endurance
shore Federal Information Processing
cutters. Continued procurements depend
Standards (FIPS) equipment via a packet
on fund availability.
switched network called the Coast Guard
Data Network (previously referred to as
UHF SATCOM. The Coast Guard is
the Hybrid Data Network). The major
procuring tactical, portable UHF satellite
network nodes exist at Headquarters and
terminals for selected ships and shore units
Area and District Offices, and are con-
to enhance law enforcement and DoD
nected by high-speed circuits. Secondary
interoperability.
nodes located at major operational units,
such as Groups, Air Stations (Airstas) and
Automatic Link Establishment (ALE).
Marine Safety Offices (MSO), are linked
ALE HF voice prototype is in Phase II
to major nodes with low-speed circuits.
testing at Group Miami. Results of Phase I
Some 450 shore units will be connected to
(completed in May 1992) are being com-
the CGDN by the end of FY92. Plans are
piled by Information Systems Center
being developed to connect all remaining
(ISC). The 1 week test included Group
shore units and in-port cutters.
Miami as Net Control and eight vessels
(110's and 82's) that made scheduled con-
VHF-frequency modulated (FM) Coastal
tacts with Net Control and one another.
Distress and Safety System. The Coast
Phase II includes 6 months of normal
Guard is evaluating the operational require-
operations utilizing ALE where possible.
ments for short-range communications
The ALE HF system will enhance inter-
(command and control as well as coastal dis-
operability with Federal law enforcement
tress). Concurrently, selected high-level
agencies when Customs moves to Federal
sites in the VHF-FM Coastal Distress and
Standard 1045.
Safety System are being refurbished and
upgraded. The upgrade will include Digital
EXHIBIT 4-2
ORGANIZATION OF THE OFFICE OF COMMAND,
CONTROL, AND COMMUNICATIONS (C³)
OFFICE OF COMMAND
CONTROL &
COMMUNICATIONS
G-T
Architect Staff
Deputy Chief
Program Coordination
Staff
G-TA
G-TD
G-TC
Telecommunications
Computing
Telecommunications
Computer Operations
Program Support
Technology Division
Technology Division
Operations Division
Division
Division
ISCTT
G-TTC
G-TTO
G-TCO
G-TPS
Electric Technology
Management Radio &
Electronics
CGHQ Command
Resource
Division
Spectrum
Operations Division
Center
Management
Management Division
Division
G-TTE
G-TTM
G-TEO
G-TGC
G-TPR
4-32
Selective Calling (DSC), an encrypted Coast
Guard command and control network, and pos-
sibly VHF Direction Finding (DF).
High Frequency Radio Wire Interface
(HFRWI). HFRWI provides secure HF
phone patches using ANDVT to any
shore STU-III unit. All six installations
have been completed. Sites include
Communications Area Master Station,
Atlantic, (CAMSLANT), Commuications
Area Master Station, Pacific (CAMSPAC),
and Communications Stations (COMM-
STA) Kodiak, Honolulu, Miami, and New
Orleans. The Coast Guard is also evaluat-
ing data transmission over HF using the
data port on the Radio Wire Interface
(RWI) ANDVT. Field testing will be con-
ducted in September-October 1992.
Secure Data Network (SDN). The Coast
Guard has implemented a secure data net-
work using its standard workstation and
STU-III Access Control System (SACS)
to provide a low-cost means of delivering
secure record message traffic between
Coast Guard District Telecommunication
Centers and subordinate commands
(Groups, Air Stations, Marine Safety
Offices). SDN is now operational.
OTAR. The Coast Guard has imple-
mented an OTAR broadcast originating
from COMMSTA Boston. Keying mater-
ial is transmitted over the HF broadcast to
suitably equipped cutters. This is the first
step towards electronic COMSEC and
elimination of paper keys and codes.
STU-III. The Coast Guard has more than
2,700 STU-III's. One hundred SACS
STU-III's were purchased to implement
the SDN.
4-33
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
to 25 flight check and administrative aircraft
will be equipped with compatible HF/SSB
(FAA)
radio equipment.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Under the NARACS program, all FAA
MISSION
regional offices, technical centers, and Air
Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) have
The primary NS/EP objective of FAA is to
DCS AUTODIN equipment. This provides a
ensure continued safe and efficient operation of
secure data interface between all major FAA
the National Air Space System (NAS) during
facilities, the DoD, and civil U.S. Government
periods of stress. This involves both the
agencies.
required operational telecommunication assets
and those telecommunications essential for the
During FY92, the FAA installed the fol-
C³ functions.
lowing technologies to support NS/EP
telecommunications:
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
Phototelesis system - provided by the
ORGANIZATION
FBI for FAA security use. One system,
used by all of FAA for official business is
The Associate Administrator for Airway
installed at each Operations Center at the
Facilities is responsible for all telecommunica-
Regions, Aeronautical Center, Technical
tion policies and standards. All operational and
Center, and Washington Operations
administrative telecommunication manage-
Center. It is a computerized system used to
ment activities are performed within the Tele-
transport still photographs over telephone
communication Management and Operations
lines to another facility with the same
(TM&O) Divisions. The Associate Admini-
equipment. Some of its features are:
strator for Administration is responsible for
-
overall compliance with Federal Information
Image processing - adjustable con-
Resource Management Regulations (FIRMR).
trast, zoom, flip image (180 degrees),
and negative image
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
-
Storage - image may be stored on and
retrieved from the hard disk or a floppy
National Radio Communications System
disk
(NARACS). NARACS is a voice and data com-
munications system that provides minimum
-
Camera - attached to the unit and can
essential communications capability to support
be focused on a photograph or item in
DOT, DoD, and FAA missions during emer-
the viewing range (frozen and used as a
gencies. NARACS assets contain HF/Single
still image)
Side Band (SSB), VHF/FM, and microwave
relay facilities. NARACS will interoperate with
-
Color printer.
DoD, the National Command Authority,
USCG, FEMA, and other Government orga-
This equipment can be connected to the
nizations. The FAA is a member of the
phone lines through a STU-III to enable trans-
SHARES Interoperability Working Group and
mission of images over secure modes. Images
uses NARACS to participate in the SHARES
can be transmitted and/or printed.
program at 42 locations. The NARACS
Program, as an NAS project, is still ongoing.
Canon Photo Equipment - photo
Upon its completion, FAA will have 46
equipment that digitally stores the image
HF/SSB fixed ground stations. Additionally, 20
on a 2.5 inch disk. The image can then be
transmitted over telephone lines to any
Canon receiver type unit. This
4-34
equipment was purchased for use with the
assignments and circuits that undergo
Contingency Communications Support
transition to the LINCS network will
Team (CCST). It includes:
retain their original assigned TSP codes.
-
Camera, flash, and disk
Satellite Communications. The FAA
Telecommunications Satellite (FAAT-
-
Transmitter/transceiver - transmits
SAT) System will improve the overall
the image stored on the disk to a
performance of operational air traffic
receiver or transceiver. The CCST
telecommunications and aid in the elimi-
consists of a Canon Photo transmitter
nation of single points of failure.
unit only. Washington Operations
Satellite-based services will be provided
Center has a transceiver.
among domestic air traffic control facili-
ties. FAATSAT includes mobile services
-
Color printer - located at the
to the Traffic Management Systems and
Washington Operations Center to
the Meteorologist Weather Processor
print images received from the field.
system and circuit diversity to facilities
needing highly reliable NAS communi-
When the CCST is deployed to a remote
cations where geography or other con-
site, images may be sent to the Washington
straints preclude diverse terrestrial
Operations Center and printed if necessary for
alternatives. The FAATSAT acquisition
use by other offices (Security, Accident
plan has been completed and approved.
Investigation, National Transportation Safety
Specifications and statement of work are
Board [NTSB], etc.).
also completed. The request for proposal
is in review and approval cycle.
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
The CCST. Developed in 1990, the
CCST continued to provide the FAA
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
with a communications capability for
TSP. During FY92, the FAA identified
emergency use. The CCST, which uses
two satellite transceivers with other com-
critical circuits that qualify under the TSP
program. The FAA established a process
munications equipment, was deployed
for four aircraft accidents in 1991 and
by which regional offices can initiate a
1992: the Continental accident at Eagle
TSP assignment through the TSP process.
A complete listing of qualifying circuits
Lake, Texas; the USAir accident at
was made. Regions have completed a for-
LaGuardia Airport, New York, the
Panamanian COPA accident in Panama,
mal circuit evaluation and are assigning
and the Adventure Airlines crash near
TSP requirements. Additionally, engineer-
ing and contractual efforts are continually
Grand Canyon, Arizona. Improvements
being developed and implemented to
continue on the system to enable it to
better serve the needs of the FAA.
reduce single points of failure.
STU-III. The FAA's STU-III installa-
Leased Inner-Facility NAS
Communications System (LINCS). The
tion program will continue.
FAA awarded its LINCS contract on
Approximately 580 additional installa-
March 13, 1992, to MCI Telecommun-
tions are planned for FY92 and FY93.
ications Corporation. All new, full-period
private line (dedicated) circuit require-
ments will be provided under this contract.
Existing circuits will be transferred to
LINCS as soon as possible. The LINCS
contract has provisions for TSP
4-35
PENDING ISSUES
Although improved last year, the approval
process for telecommunications outside
CONUS remains time consuming and difficult.
This has impeded the FAA's progress in meet-
ing national security-related telecommunica-
tion requirements overseas. Future installations
in foreign countries should be approved and
accomplished more expeditiously.
FEDERAL HIGHWAY
other transportation modal agencies such as
ADMINISTRATION (FHWA)
the Coast Guard and FAA, as well as other
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Government agencies. FHWA is also an
MISSION
active participant in the SHARES program.
As prescribed by E.O. 12656, FHWA
and State Highway Agencies (SHA) will
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
ensure the operation and maintenance of the
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
highway network during national
emergencies, to include national defense,
An FHWA HF radio is available at the
and natural and man-made emergencies.
headquarters for use by the Office of
Emergency Transportation (OET) and
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
other DOT agencies. The FHWA
participates in the SHARES interagency
ORGANIZATION
emergency HF radio communications
system exercises.
The FHWA consists of the
Washington, D.C., headquarters, nine
Because FHWA uses telephone services
regional offices, and a division office in each
to provide voice and hard copy for daily
State. Each division office works daily with
communications, any interruption of
its respective SHA. The normal
telephone service leaves the agency without
administrative organization is also used
its primary means of communication. To
during a national emergency.
alleviate this situation, FHWA installed a
Telecommunication responsibilities are
national HF emergency radio commun-
primarily a collateral duty of the overall
ications system with a transceiver in the
organization.
Headquarters, and in each region and
division location. STU-III's are installed in
Regions 3, 5, 7, 8, and the FHWA
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Headquarters Emergency Coordinator's
office.
FHWA provided pagers to key
executives involved in the organization's
Operations Desert Shield/Storm efforts to
PENDING ISSUES
provide immediate response to any highway
transportation needs throughout the period.
A program to install STU-III units in
As a result of the loss of communications
Regions 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, and the FHWA
with the FHWA Division Office in Puerto
Headquarters Emergency Operating Facility
Rico during Hurricane Hugo, an HF radio
is continuing pending the availability of
station is being established to provide the
funds and equipment. The HF radio
division with essential communications. In
installation in Puerto Rico is scheduled to be
addition, FHWA began a limited program
completed during the first quarter of FY93.
to replace existing HF transceivers that are
no longer operationally reliable (as funding
permits). Some equipment employing the
new Federal Standard 1045 ALE criteria is
also being purchased and installed as
funding permits. The ALE HF capability
will enhance FHWA's interoperability with
4-37
RESEARCH AND SPECIAL PROGRAMS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
ADMINISTRATION (RSPA)
ORGANIZATION
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The functional responsibility for
MISSION
telecommunications management within
OET is assigned to the Operations
The OET is responsible for the overall
Readiness Program Manager. The 10
development and management of the
Regional Emergency Transportation
departmental civil emergency preparedness
Coordinators (RETCO) are responsible for
policies, plans, procedures, systems, and
regional-level DOT/OET emergency
programs. It also ensures the integration of
communications management.
emergency preparedness activities by various
departments and agencies to discharge the
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Secretary's emergency preparedness
responsibilities. The OET responsibilities
cover a broad spectrum, but can be divided
The Department's Emergency
into the following general areas:
Transportation HF Radio Network provides
the Secretary with a standby capability to
Departmental emergency policies and
carry out statutory and administrative
plans for natural and technological
emergency responsibilities during crises.
The system consists of 12 one-kilowatt HF
disasters, economic crises (e.g., strikes
and fuel shortages), and national
radios that supplement landline
communications and are installed in the
security crises
Secretary's Situation Center, at DOT
Coordination of the emergency
Headquarters, and emergency operational
preparedness programs of the
facilities throughout the country. Both voice
Department's elements to ensure
and data capabilities are provided. This
effectiveness
network uses frequencies and operating
procedures developed and published in
Development of an infrastructure to
cooperation with the FHWA.
support emergency operations,
including operating facilities and
DOT/OET upgraded its HF system
communications
capabilities through acquisition of data
controllers and by replacing the obsolete
Management of the Department's
teletype printers with personal computers.
The system, using commercial off-the-shelf
response to emergencies
software, is fully compatible with the DOT
Training, exercises, and emergency
Emergency Transportation data base. The
preparedness evaluations.
data controller also provides a facsimile
receipt and transmission capability.
4-38
The secure voice and data capacity for
OET-supported missions was expanded; the
NSA-managed Intermediate Nuclear Forces
(INF) STU-III Loan Program made
available 24 STU-III's. Incidental use of the
STU-III's for non-INF purposes is
permitted. The additional secure sets were
distributed to other Headquarters' offices
and field installations including one industry
facility.
In FY92, OET further developed its
STU-III secure communications network
with RETCO's to include a secure facsimile
and secure data capability through the use of
existing equipment and technology. All
RETCO's and other key field offices now
have secure telecommunications capability.
In addition, limited upgrading of obsolete
equipment in the HF radio system was
scheduled. An exercise of the HF radio
system was held in conjunction with
FHWA.
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
In FY93, OET will focus on improving
intra-administration communications within
DOT's model administrations, emergency
alert and notification procedures, and
situation tracking and reporting. With
recent changes in the global geopolitical
environment, OET will incrementally shift
some additional emphasis to better
command, control, and communications, to
support the Federal Response Plan, which
addresses catastrophic emergencies. Support
to DOT regional elements and to the
overall response coordination of FEMA will
be given within DOT/OET.
4-39
Defense Communications Course.
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION (MARAD)
MARAD and the U.S. Merchant
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Marine Academy's Continuing
Education Department have developed
MISSION
a Defense Communications Course.
This three-and-one-half-day course is
One of MARAD's vital NS/EP
part of the 2-week program entitled the
telecommunication missions is to ensure that
"National Sealift Training Program."
U.S. merchant ships of the Ready Reserve
The course was developed with Navy,
Force (RRF), a part of the National Defense
Coast Guard, FCC, and private sector
Reserve Fleet, can communicate with the
input to better prepare senior deck
U.S. Navy. In addition, the MARAD
officers to perform communication
Telecommunications Center provides
functions during a national emergency.
recorded message NS/EP support to the
Lessons learned from Operations
Secretary and much of the DOT
Desert Shield/Storm were incorporated
Headquarters.
into this program.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
INMARSAT. MARAD has effectively
tested an INMARSAT land
ORGANIZATION
transportable terminal, which is utilized
on a scheduled test basis. This unit will
Responsibilities are handled as a
allow for voice and message commun-
collateral duty by the overall organization.
ications to vessels and other public
switched networks on an emergency
backup basis to existing means. Staff
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
members are routinely trained in setting
up and operating this unit.
Exercise EXPANDED SEA 92.
MARAD supported the agreements with
the CINC's for Atlantic Fleet and
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
Pacific Fleet by jointly conducting
communications interoperability
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
exercises in the Naval Control of
Shipping (NCS) Exercise EXPANDED
MARAD has had the U.S. Merchant
SEA 92. This exercise involved more
Marine Academy vessel Kings Pointer
than 140 United States and foreign-flag
designated as a SHARES station. The vessel
merchant ships. The successful
serves as part of the Federal Highway
communication tests were designed to
Administration high frequency telecom-
test procedures for merchant ships to
munications network. Equipment tests will
communicate with NCS organizations
continue throughout FY93.
and to exercise emergency
communication procedures.
4-40
PENDING ISSUES
A major concern of the U.S. Navy and
MARAD is the lack of communications
interoperability among naval forces and
merchant ships, both RRF and U.S. flag
vessels in active service. However, the
increased carriage of INMARSAT terminals
aboard U.S. Navy warships and fleet support
vessels does offer a future medium for
interoperability.
The adoption by the International
Maritime Organization (IMO) of the
GMDSS and the pending FCC changes to
the 1934 Communications Act will cause
large-scale changes in communication to
vessels at sea, equipment carriage
requirements, and radio officer
requirements. Crew members responsible
for communications aboard vessels must be
technically and operationally capable. The
Defense Communications Course provides
some training in this area. The FCC will
specify exact training requirements for
GMDSS. GMDSS is designed to provide
ship-to-shore alerting for emergencies, and
ship-to-ship or ship-to-rescue forces
communication. The new system
emphasizes more automated and satellite-
based equipment. These changes are to be
phased in between 1992 and 1999.
4-41
RTMENT
OF
AMERICA
STATES
OF
supporting the Power Marketing
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE)
Administrations and the Nuclear Emer-
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
gency Search Team, are the operational
responsibility, respectively, of the individual
MISSION
Power Marketing Administrations and the
Assistant Secretary for Defense Programs.
he DOE NS/EP telecommunica-
T
tions mission is to provide secure
The Director of Administration and
and reliable emergency communica-
Human Resources Management has the
tions to support these essential DOE NS/EP
overall responsibility for NS/EP policy
functions:
and telecommunications management
and ensures compliance with pertinent
Provide information on energy supply
national and international regulations.
and demand conditions and on
requirements for and the availability of
The Director of IRM, through the
materials and services critical to energy
Director of IRM Policy, Plans, and
supply systems.
Oversight, develops DOE NS/EP
policy and plans, and coordinates the
Identify energy facilities essential to the
Department's NS/EP telecommun-
mobilization, deployment, and
ication activities, ensuring that they are
sustenance of resources to support
consistent with national directives.
national security and welfare, and to
develop energy supply and demand
The Information Technology
strategies to ensure continued provision
Operations Division manages the
of minimum essential services in
Department's internal TSP program.
national security emergencies.
The Office of Energy Emergency
Operations manages the Energy
Ensure the security of nuclear weapons
Industry TSP Sponsorship Program.
or devices in the custody of DOE, as
well as all other DOE programs and
The Director of IRM Policy, Plans, and
facilities.
Oversight provides departmental policy
direction for NS/EP telecommunication
Manage all emergency planning and
matters and representation on the NCS
response activities pertaining to DOE
emergency management teams.
nuclear facilities.
The Director of IRM Policy, Plans, and
Oversight is the DOE representative to
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
the NCS COP.
ORGANIZATION
The Director, Communications,
DOE is organized along programmatic
Emergency Management and Standards
and functional lines. Major systems with
Division, is the DOE representative to
NS/EP responsibilities, such as those
the NCS COR.
4-42
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
The Schenectady Naval Reactors Office
installed alternate routes between their
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS (EOC)
Knolls (Niskayuna, New York) and
Kesselring (West Milton, New York)
The Albuquerque Field Office has
sites (T-1 link) and their Knolls and
installed and upgraded its EOC Private
Windsor, Connecticut, sites (FTS2000
Automatic Branch Exchange. Currently, it
dedicated data service).
has limited trunking capabilities; however,
when the digital switched services of the
Fifty-six foreign exchange lines are
Albuquerque Disaster Avoidance
routed from the Knoxville, Tennessee,
Telecommunications Network are
Central Office to the Oak Ridge Field
Office. Some of these lines are routed
delivered, it will provide a survivable, stand-
alone capability for network access.
through Clinton, Tennessee, to Oak
Ridge, Tennessee; while the others are
routed through West Knoxville,
TSP SYSTEM
Tennessee, to Oak Ridge. The
cable/carrier systems providing switch-
The Department identified 125 circuits
ing service to all Oak Ridge plant sites
with RP codes, and 122 (98 percent) have
and downtown locations are routed to
been transitioned to the TSP program. The
provide physical diversity where possible.
remaining circuits with RP codes will be
transitioned in CY92. By June 11, 1992,
The 15 PBX's composing the Idaho
DOE Headquarters had processed 151 TSP
National Engineering Laboratories'
assignment requests.
(INEL) system were linked by a fiber
transmission network routed through a
DIVERSE ROUTING
main hub switch at the Idaho Field
Office. To prevent a single point of
During this year, the Albuquerque
failure, key locations have been
Disaster Avoidance Telecom-
provided with direct inward dial trunks.
munications Network (DATN) was
designed and engineered. The network
STU-III PROGRAM
consists of leased diverse route
microwave, point-to-point hot lines,
DOE continues to expand its STU-III
and diverse route terrestrial local
capabilities increasing the Department's
exchange carrier and FTS2000 digital
installed units to approximately 4,800.
switched services. The leased microwave
has been deferred to FY93 due to
SATELLITE
funding shortfalls; however, the digital
switched services and hotline circuits
The DOE Albuquerque Field Office
will be completed this fiscal year. The
has procured two mobile satellite terminals
DATN is intended to avoid a disaster
to support both the Accident Response
rather than recover from it. It will
Groups and Radiological Assistance
support all of the Department's EEF's
Program's deployments.
performed by the Albuquerque Field
Office.
4-43
TSP SYSTEM
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
The Department of Energy will review
and sponsor TSP applications from private
INTERAGENCY ACTIVITIES
industry, including electric power, natural
gas, petroleum, and coal. DOE has surveyed
In addition to its active membership on
the energy industry and estimates that it
the NCS COP/COR, DOE extensively
may receive up to 60,000 requests for TSP
supports the TSP Oversight Committee,
assignments. To support these assignments,
including chairing its main subgroup, the
the Office of Energy Emergency Operations
TSP Issues Working Group.
contracted for development of an automated
energy industry TSP application processing
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS
system. In addition, the Department has
begun an outreach program to provide
Studies are in progress, including
information on the appropriate application
preparation of plans and cost data, to
procedures and to encourage the energy
provide enhanced communication
industry to request TSP priorities.
services to the Savannah River Field
Office Emergency Operations Facility
NCS SHARES PROGRAM
(EOF). This is part of the overall plan
for realignment of the EOF into a
The Department continues its support
consolidated emergency response
of the NCS SHARES Program with nine
facility.
active stations.
The Oak Ridge EOC is acquiring T-1
DIVERSE ROUTING
access for Tennessee Emergency
Management Association circuits.
The Schenectady Naval Reactors Office
Termination will be at the Knoxville,
has initiated a program to install diverse
Tennessee, Central Office, with routing
routing to the local serving central
directly to Oak Ridge. Service is
office. Fiber optic cable has been
expected to be fully operational by the
installed between the Knolls site and the
end of 1992.
Schenectady central office. Half of the
Knolls site trunks will be placed on this
The Chicago Field Office is developing
cable this year. A similar arrangement
technical data needed to support
will be installed at the Kesselring site
installing terrestrial and very small
next year.
aperture terminal (VSAT) equipment
that will provide an emergency commu-
At the Savannah River Field Office,
nications link between the Chicago and
coordination is continuing with the
DOE Headquarters EOC's.
local telephone company to provide true
alternate routing (physical separation)
The EOC at the Richland Field Office
of off-site trunking cables that service
is being redesigned to increase its
Savannah River incoming and outgoing
functionality, improve operations,
commercial trunks, individual business
combine functions of the Occurrence
lines, FTS2000 traffic, private line
Notification Center, and comply with
circuits/services, and miscellaneous
the findings of the DOE Headquarters
services. Extenuating circumstances
Final Report on the Compatibility of
have caused this effort to be delayed,
EOC Communications and Information
but the service should be completed
Processing Systems.
within the next year.
4-44
The Department's Nevada Field Office
Safety, and four other States, which
is actively pursuing the diverse routing
compose Albuquerque's Radiological
capability offered through FTS2000.
Coordination Center, was delayed. It is
Implementation of this feature will
still pending identification of a site for
alleviate the possibility of a single-point
erection of the rotatable log periodic
failure.
antenna.
CELLULAR TELEPHONE SERVICES
At the San Francisco Field Office, the
Idaho continues to monitor offerings
Lawrence Livermore National
regarding availability of cellular telephone
Laboratory (LLNL) is reviewing
service for use at the INEL desert sites.
requirements for a Multi-Site Trunked
Cellular telephones would provide
Radio Communications System for
acceptable communications for coordinating
LLNL and LLNL Site 300, with exten-
disaster, backup, and recovery activities
sions to other Bay Area DOE facilities,
between the desert sites and Idaho's
including Sandia National Laboratory,
command and control elements.
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and San
Francisco. This system is intended to
SECURE AUTOMATIC COMMUNICATIONS
bring the laboratory into compliance
with upcoming spectrum conservation
NETWORK (SACNET)
legislation while relieving channel con-
The major upgrade of the SACNET
gestion and providing expansion
system continues. All field office terminals
capability to LLNL and DOE programs.
have been replaced with new equipment.
Planning for replacement of the central
PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX)
switch is in progress. This phase of the
The Western Area Power
upgrade will obviate problems related to the
obsolescence of existing equipment.
Administration (WAPA) acquisition of a new
digital PBX is pending the move to the new
WAPA Headquarters location. The new
MUTUAL AID
PBX will improve both voice and data
(FEDERAL/STATE COMMUNICATIONS)
transmission communications within WAPA
Headquarters.
Only 14 States have filed their plans for
the emergency use of the five 800 MHz
ELECTRIC SERVICE PRIORITY (ESP)
frequency pairs reserved for public safety
RESTORATION
(mutual aid). The State of New Mexico is
working on its plan in which the
The Telecommunications System
Albuquerque Field Office's interests will be
Survivability Task Force of the
represented. Due to the occurrence of a
President's NSTAC identified an
vehicular accident resulting in the release of
extended power outage as a major vul-
radioactive gases, Albuquerque is
nerability of the telecommunications
proceeding with attempts to obtain
industry. DOE and NCS are working
spectrum certification, regardless of the
with a telecommunications industry
State's planned submission.
Energy Task Force to address this
problem. The Energy Task Force is
HF RADIO
considering the following recommen-
dations to be presented to NSTAC XV
Implementation of Continuity of
in May 1993:
Government HF Radio for connectivity
between the Albuquerque Field Office,
FEMA regional headquarters, the State
of New Mexico Department of Public
4-45
-
ESP Restoration: The task force
DOE, with NCS support, has
recommends that the Government
conducted a field assessment of the
continue to support DOE's tele-
feasibility of including NS/EP
communications ESP program to
telecommunication facilities in the
ensure that the Nation's electric
electric utilities' ESP restoration plans.
utilities recognize that telecommun-
The field assessment concluded that
ications provide essential lifeline and
inclusion of these facilities is both
national security services and should
feasible and desirable. Actual
be considered among the highest
implementation of the initiative will
priority categories in restoring
await consideration of the Energy Task
electric power following a disruption.
Force report and discussion with the
Policy Coordinating Committee for
-
Priority access to fuel for emergency
National Security Telecommunications
backup generators: The task force
and Information Systems, which
recommends that States authorize
includes the DoD, FEMA, NCS,
telecommunication companies' access
National Security Council (NSC), and
to set-aside fuel supplies for refueling
the Executive Office of the President
critical telecommunications facility
(EOP).
backup generators, and that States
not take over telecommunication
companies' fuel stocks/contracts for
backup generation during a
disruption.
-
Access to disaster areas: The task
force recommends that States modify
their State emergency plans to
instruct security personnel to admit
telecommunications, electric utility,
and fuel supply personnel to impacted
areas, and provide them protection
when available security resource
permit.
—
FHWA Regulations and Waivers:
The task force reviewed FHWA
Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Regulations (FMCSR), which
regulate matters such as drivers'
maximum hours of service. In July
1992, the FHWA published its final
rules amending the FMCSRs. The
task force reviewed the amended
FHWA regulations and determined
they adequately addressed its
concerns. As a result, it decided no
further action was necessary.
4-46
OF
VETERANS
AFFAIRS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS
national system for emergency coordination,
and meets the support responsibilities
AFFAIRS (VA)
assigned by E.O. 12656.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
MISSION
ORGANIZATION
he VA NS/EP mission involves the
following major functional areas:
The VA Office of Telecommunications
supports the NS/EP requirements of the
Department, which includes the Veterans
Emergency inpatient and outpatient
Health Administration, Veterans Benefits
care and treatment in VA medical faci-
Administration, National Cemetery System,
lities, and participation with the DHHS
and the VA staff support organizations.
as provided by interagency agreement
The function of directing VA-wide
Emergency compensation, pension,
NS/EP programs is assigned to the
rehabilitation, education, and insurance
Assistant Secretary for Acquisition and
payments consistent with overall
Facilities.
Federal plans for the continuation of
Federal benefit payments
The VA Office of Telecommunications,
under the Deputy Assistant Secretary
Emergency insurance and loan
for IRM, through the Assistant
guarantee functions in accordance with
Secretary for Finance and Information
various emergency conditions
Resource Management, is charged with
providing all aspects of telecommun-
Primary health care adjunct to DoD
ications support to enable VA to carry
during a war or national emergency
out its mission.
Emergency planning and response
The primary contact for all aspects of
activities as assigned in the Federal
VA NS/EP telecommunication
Response Plan
activities is the Associate Deputy
Assistant Secretary for
Emergency planning and response to
Telecommunications.
radiological emergencies as assigned in
E.O. 12657.
In addition, the VA provides represen-
tation to the appropriate NS/EP
organizations responsible for the
4-47
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
THE INTEGRATED DATA COMMUNICATIONS
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
UTILITY (IDCU)
VA maintains three major
Efficient management of VA
telecommunication systems to support its
communications requires managers to
NS/EP requirements during a national
continually seek ways to improve VA
emergency: IDCU, the VA Nationwide
telecommunications. The IDCU has
Teleconferencing System (VANTS), and
become operational and is now the VA's
the VA HF Emergency Radio Network.
primary wide area data communications
Considerable attention was given to NS/EP-
vehicle. The IDCU provides many
related matters in developing and
significant enhancements to VA
implementing the IDCU.
telecommunications.
VANTS
The rapid growth that had been
experienced on the previous VA packet
The VANTS replaced the Selective
switched network is now being
Signaling Voice Conferencing System
experienced by the IDCU. The IDCU
(SS-4) and provides 200 ports of
is one of the largest private networks in
interactive voice conferencing. The
the country and provides enhanced
system will allow one large 200-port
telecommunications end-user support,
conference or any number of smaller
as well as improved security and
conferences using up to the 200-port
emergency operations capabilities.
maximum capability. The system
operates over the commercial Sprint
State-of-the-art network management
network. VANTS was expanded to 400
tools in IDCU provide network
ports and migrate to the FTS2000
managers and end-users with real-time
network during CY92. The VANTS
and historical data on network status.
operations center is at the VA Medical
These tools help to create a proactive
Center, Martinsburg, West Virginia.
management environment in which
both the VA and the IDCU vendor can
CALIFORNIA EMERGENCY RADIO
quickly identify existing and potential
COMMUNICATION
problem areas and take steps to correct
them. The Telemanagement Inform-
There are 28 VA facilities in California
ation System (TIS) provides network
interconnected through an Emergency
operation oversight and requirements
Command Control Radio Network
definition and implementation, and
(ECCRN); and a radio telephone patching
supports VA and individual end-user
capability is available at all sites. VA is a
IRM network information needs.
member of the Los Angeles Federal
Executive Board Emergency Radio Network
SECURE TELEPHONE USED IN VA NS/EP
at the VA Medical Center, West Los
Angeles, California (Wadsworth Division).
Eighty-three STU-III's are placed at
strategic VA locations in support of its
essential emergency functions. These
units provide the capability to pass
secure information within the VA and
with other Government agencies
involved in NS/EP operations.
4-48
VA NATIONWIDE HF EMERGENCY RADIO
COMMUNICATIONS
VA maintains multiple HF emergency
radio sites throughout the country including
eight corporate HF radio sites. These
stations provide essential radio commun-
ications during an emergency and/or when
other communication resources fail.
Additional emergency radios will be placed
in VA's four medical regions.
SHARES
VA is also an active member of the
SHARES HF Radio Program, providing
emergency radio communications whenever
required and technically feasible.
4-49
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
D'UNITED STATES OF AMERICAN
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA)
This report is included as part of the
CLASSIFIED supplement to the FY92
NCS Annual Report.
4-50
JOINT
CHIEFS
OF
STAFF
THE JOINT STAFF (JS)
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
(Refer to DoD section.)
MISSION
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
T
he Director for Command,
Control, Communications, and
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
Computer (C⁴) Systems (J-6) pro-
vides assistance to the Chairman, Joint Chiefs
(Refer to DoD section.)
of Staff, in the following areas:
Develops policies, plans, and programs
PENDING ISSUES
for C⁴ systems
(Refer to DoD section.)
Ensures adequate C4 support to the
CINC's and the National Command
Authority for joint and combined
military operations
Conceptualizes future C⁴ systems
design and provides direction to
improve command and control systems.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
ORGANIZATION
The C4 Systems Directorate (J-6)
consists of the director and two deputy
directors. Each military department has
approximately equal representation by rank
and number throughout the Directorate.
The Director for C⁴ Systems, Deputy
Director of Unified and Specified
Command Support, and Deputy Director of
Defensewide Support are general or flag
officers from the military departments.
Exhibit 4-3 depicts the organization of the
J-6 Directorate.
4-51
EXHIBIT 4-3
COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND
COMPUTER (C4) DIRECTORATE (J-6)
Director for Command,
Control, Communications,
and Computer (C⁴)
Systems
(J-6)
US Military C-E
Military
Special Actions
Planning and
Board
Secretariat
Division
Priorities Division
Secretariat
(J6M)
(J6A)
(J6P)
(J6B)
Deputy Director
Deputy Director for
Unified and
for Defense-Wide
C⁴ Support
Specified
Command C⁴
(J61)
Support
(J62)
Satellite
C⁴Resources,
Intelligence C⁴
Communications
EUCOM/NATO
Planning, and
and COMSEC
Division
Division
Evaluation
Division
(J6U)
Division
(J6S)
(J6K)
(J6E)
DCS Terrestrial
Contingency
PACOM/
and Switched
Counternarcotics
Support
LANTCOM
Communications
Division
Division
Division
Division
(J6Z)
(J6L)
(J6F)
(J6T)
CENTCOM,
Joint Tactical
National Military
FORSCOM,
C⁴ Systems
Command
SOCOM,
Division
Centers Division
SOUTHCOM,
(J6J)
(J6C)
MOA Division
(J6R)
NORAD, SAC,
Architecture and
USSTRATCOM,
Integration
USTRANSCOM,
Division
USSPACECOM
(J6I)
Division
(J6N)
4-52
*
7
GENERAL SERVICES
*
ADMINISTRATION
GENERAL SERVICES
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
ADMINISTRATION (GSA)
ORGANIZATION
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The regional Information Resources
MISSION
Management Service (IRMS) within GSA is
organized into a four-zone configuration
with field offices in the 10 Uniform Federal
G
SA provides information process-
L
ing and telecommunication ser-
Regional Council Cities and the National
vices to the Federal Government
Capital Region. Exhibit 4-4 depicts the
under routine and critical conditions. GSA also
organization of the GSA Central Office.
establishes governmentwide policies and regu-
The IRMS National Security Emergency
lations to ensure that agencies support NS/EP
Preparedness Division, which serves as the
interface with the NCS within the GSA
and other Federal telecommunication require-
ments and programs. As part of this responsi-
Central Office, is composed of the
bility, GSA manages the FTS2000 program,
Emergency Preparedness Branch and the
the Aggregated Switch Procurement (ASP),
Policy, Plans, and Programs Branch. These
branches coordinate GSA NS/EP
and the Washington Interagency Telecom-
munications System (WITS). GSA also acts as
telecommunications service provisioning
the worldwide manager of the Federal Secure
and policy formulation activities with GSA
Telephone Service (FSTS), maintains
regional and zonal offices, other GSA
FIRMR's, promulgates Federal Telecommun-
organizations such as the Office of FTS2000
ication Standards, and serves as the Financial
and GSA's regulatory offices; the NCS
Manager of the Information Technology Fund.
Offices of Emergency Preparedness, Plans
and Programs, Technology and Standards;
GSA also provides:
the NCC and its client agencies; and the
COP/COR.
Four Zonal Emergency Commun-
The GSA IRMS NS/EP Division
ications Planners (each zone consists of
two or more regions) and six Regional
reports directly to the Assistant
Commissioner for Telecommunications
Emergency Communications Planners
to support the NCS
Services during exercises and on
emergency/disaster telecommunications
NCS Regional Managers for the 10
operational matters.
standard Federal regions in support of
Federal Emergency Plan D and in
support of FEMA under P. L. 93-288
Federal Emergency Communications
Coordinators (FECC) under the
National Plan for Telecommunications
Support in Non-Wartime Emergencies.
4-53
Administrator
EXHIBIT 4-4
Richard G. Austin
ORGANIZATION OF THE GENERAL SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION
Associate Admin.
Commissioner
for FTS 2000
Thomas J. Buckholtz
Donald E. Scott
Office of Federal
Office of
Deputy
Information
Telecommunications
Associate
Resources
Services
Administrator
Management
for FTS 2000
M. Corrigan
F. McDonough
W. Cunnane
Customer
Office of Regional
Telecommunications
AT&T Service
Requirements
Office
Services
Oversight Center
Office of
Information
Resources
H. Lai
Management Policy
D. Hardesty
Sprint Service
Oversight Center
F. Sims
Systems
Technical Contract
Management
Management
Planning and
Development
Billing Management
Information Security
Systems
Program
Management
Development
Support
Resources
Management &
Policy
Administration
Analysis
National Security
Emergency
Preparedness
Regulations
Analysis
Technical Services
G. F. Flynn, Jr.
Management
Reviews
Acquisition
Reviews
Agency
Liaison
Office of the
Office of
Controller
Technical
Office of GSA Information
Office of GSA Information
Assistance
Resources Procurement
Resources Management
V. Goerl
L. Cohan
A. Olson
J. Parks
Office of the
Federal Systems
Schedules
Application
Integration and
Support
Regional Liaison
and IRM
Management
Management
Center
Systems and
Acquisition and
Services
Program
P. Petroff
Management
Software
Development and
Information
Planning and
Technology Center
Computer
Support
Office of
Resources
Administration
and Planning
Telecommunications
Automated Office
Technical
Procurement
Systems
M. Neustadt
Services
Support
Services
Planning and
4-54
Assurance
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
The GSA national NS/EP office was
instrumental in the development of
GSA has improved its reliability,
regional NS/EP plans. The plans
operating capability, and interoperability
provide procedures for overall IRMS
over the last year through its NS/EP
policy and procedural guidance within
program activities. During FY92, GSA
the regions for implementation of an
accomplished the following NS/EP
emergency preparedness plan. It
telecommunication goals.
provides for telecommunications and
automated data processing (ADP)
GSA converted the FTS2000 to an all
support to GSA regional elements and
10-digit numbering plan, and it made all
also to Federal agencies and local
FTS numbers compatible with the
governmental entities within the
commercial numbers at each client
regional area in a domestic or national
agency location. This greatly improved
security emergency. The regional plans
the operational capability and ease of
supplement the IRMS NS/EP Plan
operation of the service.
(IRM P 2400.1) and provide for
necessary coordination with NCS and
GSA now has more than 200 military
FEMA during specific emergency
locations on the FTS2000 voice and
situations. This is anticipated to
data services. This greatly enhances the
improve GSA's efficiency to support
communications completion capability
NS/EP activities.
between civil and military organizations.
A paper entitled "GSA's Capabilities to
GSA participated in the update of the
Support NSEP Telecommunications,"
National Plan for Telecommunications
was presented at the MILCOM '92
Support in Non-Wartime Emergencies,
conference as part of the technical
dated January 1992. This plan serves as
program. This made other agencies
the basis for planning for the use of
more aware of GSA's roles,
national telecommunication assets and
responsibilities, and telecommunication
resources in support of nonwartime
capabilities.
emergencies, in accordance with P. L.
93-288, as defined by E.O. 12472. The
A GSA senior staff member supports
rewrite of this document clarified the
the NCS on the GETS Source
lines of authority and organizational
Selection Advisory Council, and has
responsibilities of all emergency support
been serving in this capacity since its
organizations.
inception in 1990.
To update the skills of its technical staff,
A GSA senior staff member served on
a GSA Telecommunications
the NCS, Major Focus Area (MFA) III
Development Institute (GTDI) was
team. GSA's contribution served to
established. The school, located in
ensure that the NCS has a set of NS/EP
Kansas City, Missouri, was opened in
products and services that meet
1992. The curriculum will include
organization and national requirements
courses in current and future
that are responsive to changing
telecommunications technology. This is
geopolitical and economic conditions, as
to ensure that GSA can continue to
well as technological developments.
effectively support NS/EP activities
during this period of technological and
GSA served as a key party in the review
industry infrastructure dynamics.
and development of the Federal
Response Plan (FRP) and the
Emergency Support Function (ESF) 2
4-55
Communications Annex. All GSA
National Agriculture Statistics
authorities, responsibilities, and the role
Service, and accepted for implemen-
of GSA elements to ensure the
tation. This presents an opportunity
management of NS/EP telecommu-
to study and evaluate the application
nication services under all stress
of SDIS for future NS/EP
conditions, were reviewed and updated.
applications.
GSA continues to chair the COR
GSA is cooperating with the
TPPS. This subcommittee assisted the
Department of Energy in testing
NCS in developing the NCS Candidate
BLACKER for application on
Initiatives document and is cooperating
broadband secure communications.
with the OMNCS on the next step in
This experience will serve the NS/EP
the planning process, the development
community well in protecting future
of the National Level Plan. This is a
service arrangements.
significant accomplishment in that this
is the first time in 7 years that
The WITS, ASP, and Purchase of
cooperative planning has progressed
Telecommunications Systems
this far in the planning process.
contracts are on schedule. These
contracts, which incorporate state-of-
GSA participated with a significant
the-art technology, provide digital
amount of resources in the planning,
voice and data; local telecommu-
conduct, and evaluation of numerous
nication services or equipment; and
national and regional NS/EP exercises
operation, maintenance, and
in cooperation with other Federal,
management services; all of which
State, and local government organi-
connect to the GSA Consolidated
zations involved in mobilization and
Local Services and the FTS2000
wartime operations.
networks. GSA's critical user
customers are thereby provided with a
GSA national and regional offices
variety of inherent NS/EP end-to-end
participated very actively and with
services and features, including better
substantial commitment of resources in
control of restoration and provi-
extensive preparatory earthquake
sioning capabilities, thus enhancing
planning activities and readiness
the Government's overall NS/EP
exercises to support a potential cata-
posture.
strophic New Madrid area earthquake.
At the regional level, GSA Emergency
Planners act as the functional group
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
leaders in accordance with the Federal
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
Response Plan, ESF 2 Communications
Annex. Readiness to act in this ESF
During FY92, GSA will continue to
activity has been greatly enhanced.
participate in the following NS/EP
telecommunication programs:
GSA has implemented the first
Switched Digital Integration Service
GSA representatives participated in
(SDIS) data circuit between Denver,
numerous interagency meetings and
Colorado, and Albuquerque, New
coordinated the GSA regional
Mexico. A cost proposal to provide
emergency response efforts for the
consolidated SDIS to gain access to
provisioning of telecommunications
voice and data was submitted to the
support requirements to Federal
U.S. Department of Agriculture,
agencies in their recovery efforts from
approximately 36 presidentially
4-56
declared disasters, including
NSAP can be applied to Network B. NSAP
hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes. GSA
will significantly increase the reliability of
Zonal/Regional Telecommunications
FTS2000 service for agencies with assured
Planners become the FECC responsible
service requirements.
for all telecommunication requirements
relating to presidentially declared
GSA has approximately 10 percent of its
disasters.
networks equipped with Automatic
Number Identification, and will be
GSA continues to cooperate with the
working with all associated vendors to
NCS in interfacing the GETS with the
increase this capability. This capability
FTS2000. While the initial meetings
will enable us to apply priority services
addressed interfacing of the networks in
more effectively for NS/EP critical
the most simplified method, future
users.
meetings are expected to address taking
advantage of the full capacity of
GSA continues to develop its ISDN
FTS2000 to improve the overall
capabilities, and is working with a
survivability, restorability, and call
number of agencies to develop the
completion of GETS.
applications of this powerful capability.
This will provide versatility in the
GSA is working with the two FTS2000
delivery of a mix of telecommunication
vendors to develop the means to make
services from a single service or facility.
their voice and data networks (including
packet services) totally interoperable.
The NS/EP division and the GSA
This will greatly improve the reliability
Regional Emergency Communications
and traffic completion capability of the
Managers are developing a compre-
services.
hensive listing of vendors of NS/EP
products and services that could be
GSA is working with the FTS2000
relied on during emergency and disaster
vendors to develop the means of making
events.
their compressed video services inter-
operable. This will provide a more
GSA national and regional offices
flexible video service that could be
continue to be active participants in the
applied during disaster and emergency
National Telecommunications
support.
Management Structure (NTMS), which
coordinates the provisioning and
GSA is planning to provide a Network
restoration of emergency telecommun-
Service Assurance Plan (NSAP) to
ications services. GSA provides a
achieve enhanced performance para-
regional employee to serve as a Zonal
meters on the FTS2000 network. This
Emergency Communications Planner
will include features such as enhanced
(ZECP). The ZECP's ensure that
reliability, flagging and tagging,
regional NTMS groups are staffed and
enhanced maintenance response, special
trained and that the proper NTMS
coverage, and extended network service.
guidelines are implemented during
It will also provide for inclusion of TSP
exercises or major emergencies. These
charges under FTS2000 billing.
activities contribute to the effective
operation of the NTMS.
The current proposal addresses only
Dedicated Transmission Service (DTS) for
GSA will continue to provide NS/EP
Network A. However, AT&T is investigat-
training to its senior management
ing how NSAP can apply to other FTS2000
officials.
services. GSA is discussing with Sprint how
4-57
GSA continues to brief the COP/COR,
the NCS, and other interested client
departments and agencies on the NS/EP
capabilities inherent to the GSA
consolidated services.
GSA has run a testbed on e-mail for use
by the GSA Regional Emergency
Communications Coordinators for
improving interagency coordination.
Preliminary results indicate that other
electronic mail services may be more
beneficial. These are under investigation
and further tests are planned.
4-58
UNITED
STATES
AGENCY
UNITED STATES INFORMATION
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
AGENCY (USIA)
N/A
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
MISSION
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
SIA Voice of America (VOA)
Broadcast System is validated as an
The VOA continues to update its
NCS asset and available to the
facilities and procedures to ensure
NCS primarily during international emergen-
operations during an international emer-
cies. The Radio Broadcast System, which pro-
gency. These updates are comprehensive
vides worldwide coverage, is equipped with
and cover localized emergencies, such as
high-powered broadcast transmitters and a staff
fires, bombs, and demonstrations in
to coordinate program schedules, facilities, and
Washington, D.C.; and international
circuits. The entire staff is available to operate
emergencies, such as terrorist incidents, and
the network with programming material pro-
conventional and/or nuclear war. All actions
vided by the NCS or its designated
required under NS/EP and TSP procedures
representative.
are being accomplished in close coordi-
nation with day-to-day operating facilities
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
that must be operative in emergency
conditions. Interoperability considerations
ORGANIZATION
are addressed at the time of validation by the
NCS.
The Agency's telecommunications
element assigns members to the NCS
COP/COR. The director of the USIA
assigned the authority to implement NS/EP
procedures to the COP.
4-59
NATIONAL AND SPACE
U.S.A
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
NASA Operational Communications
System (NASCOM)
ADMINISTRATION (NASA)
NASA Tracking and Data Relay
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Satellite System (TDRSS)
MISSION
NASA Program Support
he "Administrator of the National
Communications Network (PSCN).
T
Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) shall (pur-
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
suant to E.O. 12656) coordinate with the
Secretary of Defense to prepare for use, main-
ORGANIZATION
tenance, and development of technologically
advanced aerospace and aeronautical-related
Exhibit 4-5 shows the NASA staff
systems, equipment, and methodologies applic-
elements that have programmatic
able to national security emergencies."
responsibility for NASCOM, TDRSS, and
PSCN. The Space Network Division is
NASA's Associate Administrator for the
responsible for TDRSS and the
Office of Space Communications (AA/OSC)
Communications and Data Systems
has programmatic responsibility for
Division manages NASCOM and PSCN.
representing the organization, on behalf of
the Administrator, in the NCS process. The
OSC plans, develops, acquires, and operates
worldwide facilities and provides essential
services to the flight projects of NASA and
other Government agencies. These projects
encompass planetary spacecraft, earth-
orbiting satellites, space shuttle missions,
sounding rockets, balloons, and aeronautics
test vehicles.
The following NASA NS/EP
telecommunication assets support NASA's
mission critical (operational, administrative,
and programmatic EEF's), under the Space
Act of 1958, as amended: E.O.'s 12472 and
12656, and National Security Decision
Directives 47, 97, and National Security
Directive 56:
4-60
EXHIBIT 4-5
OFFICE OF SPACE COMMUNICATIONS
Associate
Administrator
Deputy Associate
Administrator
Assistant
Associate
Administrator
(Plans)
Representative in
Spain
Advanced Systems
Office
Representative in
Australia
Administration and
Communications
Resources
Space Network
Ground Networks
and
Management
Division
Division
Data Systems
Division
Division
TDRSS
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
NASA now has three operating satellites
During FY92, NASA continued
and one spare in the space network. This
supporting the NCS in achieving its mission
constellation of geostationary tracking
goals and objectives as required by E.O.'s
satellites, in operation since the eighth
12472, 12656, and NSDD's 47 and 97.
Space Shuttle flight, provides almost
uninterrupted communications with earth-
NASCOM
orbiting space shuttles and satellites.
NASA's mission operational
PSCN
telecommunications network provides
communication services used in the
NASA's PSCN provides commu-
operational conduct of flight missions,
nication services used in the day-to-day
programs, and projects. It is largely
intercenter administrative and program
spaceflight oriented, but also include the
support activities. The network inter-
lines and facilities supporting aeronautical
connects all NASA field installation and
and aerodynamic flight research projects and
major contractors.
flight test programs. NASCOM
interconnects NASA's foreign and domestic
tracking and telemetry acquisition sites,
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
launch areas, mission and facilities, and
control centers. Loss or degradation of these
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
telecommunication lines and facilities could
directly affect mission success or safety of
NASA continues to be an active
life or property.
participant in the NCS COP/COR and the
NSTAC processes. The NS/EP telecommu-
nication activities during FY92 included:
4-61
OMNCS Manpower Support. NASA
provided personnel resources to the
Manager, NCS. NASA maintained a
100 percent personnel support
commitment according to its
longstanding memorandum of
understanding (MOU) with the
Manager, NCS, and NASA's interest in
the NCS FTSC program.
SHARES Participation. During FY92,
NASA continued its strategic telecom-
munications interest in the NCS
SHARES program by participating in
the SHARES FY92 exercise.
4-62
DEVERGENCY
FEDERAL
ACENCY
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Information Resources Management
supports the Agency IRM function and
AGENCY (FEMA)
operates and maintains NPD programs and
national systems, as well as Agency
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
administrative information systems. The
MISSION
Office of Systems Engineering designs,
develops, acquires, and tests new infor-
EMA has comprehensive responsibil-
mation systems concepts and capabilities for
ities in managing the civil aspects of
FEMA. The Office of Operations carries
emergencies affecting the United
out the warning and operations functions.
States. FEMA assists the national emergency
management authorities and other key Federal
The Office of Emergency Management
decision makers by providing the information
in the State and Local Programs and
base and communications media to support
Support Directorate provides financial and
decision making and implementation at the
technical assistance to State and local offices
highest levels of government. FEMA informa-
of emergency management for the enhance-
tion systems support the performance of the
ment of their emergency preparedness
full range of information requirements in every
capabilities. Survivable and reliable emer-
phase and type of mission activity associated
gency telecommunications are critical to this
with emergency management. They are
effort. The Federal Response Division
referred to in total as the FEMA National
develops and manages policies and program
Emergency Management System (NEMS) (see
plans for civil defense and State and local
Exhibit 4-6). Due to FEMA's significant
emergency management program
emergency management mission across the
development. The State and Local Support
broad continuum of emergencies, its informa-
Division develops and manages programs
tion systems are developed in accordance with
that provide technical and financial
the guidelines of NSDD 97 and E.O.'s 12472
assistance to State and local governments for
and 12656.
the design, development, acquisition,
operation, and maintenance of emergency
management facilities to ensure reliable,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
interoperable, and survivable emergency
telecommunication capabilities at State and
ORGANIZATION
local levels of government.
Most of FEMA's telecommunication
functions are performed by the National
Preparedness Directorate (NPD), which is
depicted in Exhibit 4-7. The Office of
4-63
EXHIBIT 4-6
FEMA NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
IIIII IIIII IIIII
IIIIII IIIII IIIII
WHSR/Domestic
Policy
National Operations Centers
NMCC
NAC
NECC
e.g.
DOE
FEMA
FAA
EICC
FEMA Regional Offices
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Boston
New York
Phila.
Atlanta
Chicago
Dallas
Kansas
Denver
San
Seattle
City
Francisco
State/Local EOC's
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
The FERC supports Federal, State, and
local response efforts providing
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
communications and information on the
scene of a disaster, and is a link to the
The FEMA NEMS includes the
FEMA NEMS. The FERC consists of the
following major elements:
Mobile Emergency Response Support
(MERS) Detachments, the Mobile Air
FEDERAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITY
Transportable Telecommunications System
(FERC)
(MATTS), the Information Display System
(IDS), and portable Private Automatic
The FERC is the mobile operations and
Branch Exchange (PABX) systems from the
communications capability that keeps
National Network Operations Center
emergency management information
(NNOC). FERC resources may be deployed
flowing when a Federal response is required
as a complete package, or as stand-alone
in any disaster, emergency, or special event.
systems.
4-64
EXHIBIT 4-7
NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS DIRECTORATE
Associate Director
Deputy Associate
Director
Office of
Office of
Office of
Office of
Office of
Office of
Information
Facilities
Analysis
Mobilization
Systems
Operations
Resources
Management
and Support
Preparedness
Engineering
Management
Mobilization
IS Technical
Resource
Administration
Policy and
Applications
Support
Management
Division
Plans
Division
Division
Division
Division
Secure Info
Plan,
Contract and
Mobilization
Engineering
Readiness
Services
Systems
Operations
Program
Resources
Division
Services
and Readiness
Administration
Requirements
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Mobilization
IS Policy,
Facilities
Directorate
Software
MERS
Standards and
Planning
Engineering
Planning
Engineering
Operations
Evaluation
and Evaluation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
National
Federal Agency
Defense
Support and
IS Operations
Coordination
Division
Executive
Reserve
Division
Systems
Support
Division
MOBILE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SUPPORT
interface with both secure and nonsecure
message networks; HF, VHF and UHF
The MERS capability is provided by
radios; microwave line-of-sight transmission
five MERS detachments located in Bothell,
systems; Ku-band satellite communications
Washington; Denton, Texas; Denver,
systems and self-contained power
Colorado; Maynard, Massachusetts; and
generation and distribution systems. An
Thomasville, Georgia. Each MERS
effort is under way to modernize the MERS
detachment has a state-of-the-art,
PABX's, which will provide smaller, lighter
transportable disaster communications
and more portable systems. The new
system composed of modular elements that
equipment will provide dynamic bandwidth
can provide a disaster field office (DFO)
allocation, local area network (LAN)/wide
with voice, facsimile, message, and data
area network (WAN) router interfaces and
communications over a variety of media in
trunk encryption using the Remote STU-III
both secure and nonsecure modes. The
(STU-III/R). The Multi-Radio Van (MRV)
MERS communications systems include
contains a small cross-section of all systems
digital PABX's; message switches to
in a single, self-contained vehicle. The
4-65
MRV can provide a communications
INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM
interface to the FEMA Switched Network
(FSN) from a remote disaster site via the
The IDS accesses and displays
Ku-band satellite system using industry
information that is critical to officials with
standard T-1 transmission facilities.
emergency management responsibilities.
Elements of MERS detachments have been
Information is provided in three forms:
deployed in FY92 to provide both long
graphics, digital mapping, and still image
distance and local communications in
video. The system consists of PC
support of U.S. Forest Service fire-fighting
workstations interconnected via a LAN,
operations in the Columbia River Gorge
video projectors, and a sound system. The
area of Oregon; as backup and contingency
PC workstations can use off-the-shelf or
communications for Sail '92 in Boston,
custom-designed software applications to
Massachusetts; to provide communications
produce briefings, reports, or action-
support for numerous Federal disaster
tracking products, or can receive data from
exercises; and to provide technical expertise
outside resources through the use of
and assistance for various DFO operations.
modems. The system can be deployed as a
stand-alone unit or in conjunction with the
MOBILE AIR TRANSPORTABLE
MATTS. The IDS provided visual infor-
mation, graphic presentations and data
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
support to the Sail '92 event in July, for the
The MATTS is a highly mobile, state-
tall ships parade. Beginning in September
of-the-art system designed to provide
1992, it will be used by the Armed Forces
communications for any emergency require-
Inaugural Committee to coordinate the
ment. MATTS communication capabilities
inaugural activities supporting the upcoming
United States Presidential election and
include voice and data via land line,
related events.
HF/VHF/UHF radio, and a variety of
satellite systems operating in the secure and
nonsecure modes. An integral part of the
FEMA SWITCHED NETWORK
MATTS is the telephone switchboard,
which is capable of providing 48 trunks and
The FSN is an integrated voice and data
a T-1 link to 88 subscribers. The MATTS
network linking FEMA Headquarters, the
can also provide nonsecure voice, data, and
NETC, and the National Emergency
video communications when used in con-
Coordination Center (NECC) with the
junction with its T-1 via a Ku satellite link.
FEMA regional offices, Federal Regional
The MATTS is self-contained and provides
Centers (FRC), State and territorial EOC's
its own power source. The entire system is
and CD offices, the Flood Insurance
air transportable on either C-130 or C-141
Administration in Lanham, Maryland, and
aircraft. The MATTS was deployed to
the National Teleregistration Center
Richmond, Virginia, in March 1992, to
located in Denton, Texas. The system,
provide communications for the Federal
which is the backbone of the NEMS, is a
response during Exercise I.E. Zelda. It was
modern electronic tandem network that
also deployed twice in FY92 to conduct a
fully integrates the voice and data
working demonstration capability; once in
communications required for emergency
March to the Goddard Space Center in
and day-to-day use. Through the FSN,
Greenbelt, Maryland, for a national confer-
FEMA manages and controls emergency
ence of the National Institute for Urban
management information on a real-time
Search and Rescue and again in July to the
basis and directs emergency management
National Emergency Training Center
and assistance functions. The FSN provides
(NETC), Emmitsburg, Maryland, for State
an interface between the MERS and other
and local government employees attending
Federal communication systems. Central-
the Telecommunications and Warning
ized command and control of the FSN is
course.
conducted from FEMA's NNOC, located at
4-66
the FEMA Special Facility. The system uses
FEMA FACSIMILE AND RECORD SYSTEM
Trouble Tracker Centralized System
(FFARS)
Management (CSM) equipment and
multiplex Network Management System
The FFARS is a high-speed, secure PC-
(NMS). There are 14 System 85 PABX's,
based and facsimile transmitter/receiver
two Meridian switches, and four Number 5
telecommunications workstation. The
Electronic Switching System (ESS) central
system transmits and receives classified
offices in the FSN interconnected with T-1
record message traffic among FEMA and
links to form an Electronic Tandem
other Federal departments and agencies
Network (ETN). Also available for
using dial-up telephone lines secured with
deployment to disaster sites are 15 portable
KG84 COMSEC equipment. It processes
PABX's and five MERS mobile System 85
photographic images, drawings, special
PABX's. The network offers ISDN, end-to-
document formats, and narrative text.
end digital dial service with automatic route
selection (ARS), and automatic alternate
DEC VAX COMPUTER SYSTEMS
routing (AAR). The network offers non-
FSN subscribers access to the FSN via 9.6
These systems provide and operate data
kbps modem pools at each of the 14 major
bases, information processing capabilities,
System 85 locations. Point-to-point video
and information processing displays for
transmission facilities are available between
FEMA's Emergency Information
selected FEMA locations. Twelve Sidereal
Coordination Center (EICC), NECC,
Message Switches (SMS) are installed at
NNOC, and the Regional Computer
FEMA facilities with interconnection
System (RCS) located at each of the FRC's.
provided by the FSN switches and T-1
These minicomputer systems also support
network; these provide unclassified and
simultaneous users over secure commun-
secure message and electronic mail services.
ication links from various FEMA locations.
Some of these systems support graphic
THE FEMA NATIONAL AUTOMATED MESSAGE
displays for such uses as electronic data base
SYSTEM (FNAMS)
mapping requirements at disaster sites.
The FNAMS is the record store and
LOCAL AND WIDE AREA NETWORK
forward message system capability of the
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
NEMS. Twelve fixed Sidereal switches
collocated with fixed FSN System 85 PABX
The FEMA NEMS LAN/WAN
digital switches provide service to FEMA
provides the FEMA community of users
Headquarters, the Regions, and State
with nationwide, integrated PC-based
EOC's. Five transportable Sidereal switches
network capabilities of unclassified and
are part of the MERS emergency response
secure data communication and processing,
capability. These five switches provide full
and office automation and financial
FNAMS message service from DFO
accounting using the System 85 and T1
locations. The system provides FEMA with
carrier capabilities of the FSN. PC-based
an infrastructure message service that
standard terminals are being integrated into
includes the capability to transmit a single
LAN and interconnected into a FEMA
message to multiple subscribers
WAN, which provides gateways to FEMA
simultaneously.
national computers and inter/intra-regional
connectivity, as well as stand-alone
capabilities. During FY92, the network was
expanded and eight FEMA locations were
developed for the system. A maximum of 11
additional LAN's will be developed and
installed with final network integration of
the LAN's into a WAN during 1993.
4-67
FEMA SECURE VOICE PROGRAM
during natural disasters, and seawave and
severe weather warnings to furnish
The FEMA Secure Voice Program
information to Federal, State, county, and
provides secure telephone service among
city officials. These officials, in turn,
FEMA locations and State and territorial
disseminate the warning to the population
EOC's. FEMA has fielded 1,925 STU-III's,
by local warning systems, the Emergency
which are installed in locations at FEMA
Broadcast System (EBS), sirens, and public
Headquarters; the Special Facility; the
service radio. The terminal equipment is
Federal Support Center at Olney, Maryland;
being upgraded with modular solid state
all FEMA regions; the National Warning
instruments to improve network reliability.
Center; State EOC's; FEMA's Caribbean
office in Puerto Rico; and FEMA
EMERGENCY BROADCAST SYSTEM
contractors.
The EBS provides the President of the
FEMA NATIONAL RADIO SYSTEM (FNARS)
United States with an expeditious method of
communicating with the American public in
The FNARS provides emergency
the event of war, threat of war, or a grave
backup to the FSN. It generally connects
national crisis. The EBS may also be used by
the same locations served by the FSN. The
Governors during day-to-day emergencies
FNARS also connects other Federal depart-
at State and local levels for prompt, reliable
ments and agencies in accordance with
receipt and release of life- and property-
formal MOU's, and informally via the NCS
saving warning and emergency information.
SHARES program, as well as a variety of
The EBS is composed of more than 11,000
other users and amateur "Ham" operators
participating radio and television stations
equipped with HF radio systems. FEMA's
and networks linked into a single nationwide
HF radio modernization program continued
network for simultaneous broadcasts.
in FY92 with plans to install 12 1 kw HF
Upgrade of the Emergency Action
radio systems at State and territorial EOC's
Notification Network is expected to be
in Alaska (2), California, Delaware, Florida,
completed in FY92. A prototype Primary
Indiana, Minnesota, Nebraska, New
Entry Point (PEP) Activation and Commu-
Hampshire, Puerto Rico (2), and Wisconsin.
nications System, which will replace the
This effort will bring the number of
Last Resort configuration, is expected to be
installed systems to 58, in this 79-node
installed and tested at three stations
network. In addition, an antenna was
commencing in late FY92.
installed at the Colorado EOC and the
NEMS upgrade was completed at the
EMERGENCY EDUCATION NETWORK (EENET)
Region VI FRC in Denton, Texas. FED-
STD-1045 and HF modem upgrades, and
The EENET is a one-way video, two-
the procurement of remote control proto-
way audio, satellite-distributed, point-to-
types and associated computer equipment
multipoint national videoconferencing
were initiated. The project, initiated in
network operated from FEMA's NETC in
FY91 to assess the feasibility of rehabil-
Emmitsburg, Maryland. The network
itating the survivable, "pop-up" monopole
provides regularly scheduled training and
antennas, will be completed in early 1993.
education to Federal, State, and local
emergency managers, and to thousands of
NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM (NAWAS)
local public and private facilities. Examples
of courses of instruction available for
The NAWAS is a leased, dedicated,
viewing during FY92 included U.S. Fire
nonsecure voice network connected to
Administration Fire Prevention/Education
approximately 2,200 terminals throughout
Showcase; Clandestine Drug Labs and the
the United States to disseminate attack
First Responder; Infection Control -
warning messages. It is also used extensively
Today's Requirements for Fire and
4-68
Emergency Management System (EMS)
PENDING ISSUES
Departments; Integrated Emergency
Management Systems (IEMS); and
As telecommunication technologies
Urban/Disaster Search and Rescue -
become obsolete, efforts to modernize
Initial Response Strategies.
complex information systems and
telecommunication networks must continue
FEMA FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
in light of the increasing need for such
(FFMS)
services.
The FFMS is an automated system that
improves management of the FEMA radio
frequency assignments and operations. Its
features include an emphasis on user
friendliness and sophisticated frequency
engineering modeling programs. The
enhanced FFMS will include powerful
interference analysis programs integrated
with video and digital mapping capabilities,
making it possible to conduct large-scale
mobile emergency operations and exercises
without disrupting normal radio frequency
systems. The FFMS will be fully integrated
with the general automated frequency
management improvements being planned
and implemented by the Federal depart-
ments and agencies participating in the
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee
(IRAC), Frequency Assignment
Subcommittee Working Group 22.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE PRIORITY
SYSTEM
FEMA is the Federal sponsor for State
and local government agencies desiring to
participate in the TSP system. FY92
activities included the development of a
TSP videotape and PC software program
for use by State and local officials;
publication of implementing instructions in
the form of a Civil Preparedness Circular
and a State and local user's manual in the
form of a Civil Preparedness Guide;
numerous briefings and presentations to
State and local government jurisdictions and
to national associations representing
telecommunications and emergency
preparedness agencies.
4-69
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
*
COMMISSION
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
Established requirements, effective
April 1992, for telecommunications
COMMISSION (FCC)
common carriers to report network
outages. The FCC liaison officer at the
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NCC provides current copies of outage
MISSION
reports to the NCS. Because the major
common carriers also have represen-
he FCC, consistent with Section
tatives on site, the NCC has served as a
4(c) of E.O. 12472, performs the
useful point for cooperation and
following NS/EP functions:
information exchange. The FCC
continues to monitor network outages
Reviews the policies, plans, and
and to take steps to reduce their
procedures of all entities licensed or
occurrence.
regulated by the FCC that provide
NS/EP communication services, to
Participated in meetings and activities
ensure their consistency with the public
of the Toll Fraud Prevention
interest, convenience, and necessity
Committee of the common carrier
industry Network Operations Forum
Develops policy, plans, and procedures
(NOF).
to execute the responsibilities assigned
in E.O. 12472 under all conditions of
Added seven new stations for the EBS
crisis or emergency
PEP Project in Alaska, Hawaii, and the
Trust Territories. Communications
Consults, as appropriate, with the
equipment is being developed to link
Executive Agent, NCS, and the NCS
the stations with the Government.
COP to ensure continued coordination
of NS/EP activities.
Reviewed six revised State EBS plans
and 88 local plans; 46 States/territories
now have a final plan. Received more
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
than 1,300 EBS activation reports in
CY91 from stations for emergencies.
During FY92, the FCC:
Completed four national EBS closed-
circuit tests, originated by the WHCA
Worked closely with the NCS in
from different locations.
carrying out shared responsibilities
under the TSP system. The
Released a Notice of Inquiry (NOI)
Commission assigned a staff member to
seeking comment on new technologies
work at the NCC parttime each week.
for EBS, and an NOI and Notice of
This liaison officer contributed to
Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
improvements in the TSP data base and
concerning several EBS topics,
the TSP report generation system.
including shortening the two-tone
activation signal.
4-70
Participated in exercises of the NTMS
various FEMA regions as needed. Work
through the Seattle, Washington;
continues on implementation of the EBS
Powder Springs, Georgia; and Belfast,
PEP Project, upgrading of the Emergency
Maine, FCC offices.
Action Notification Network, and updating
all State and local EBS plans.
Participated in the April 1992 exercise
of the SHARES HF radio network
Within the FCC, efforts continue to
through the Belfast, Maine, and San
sensitize bureaus and offices to the NS/EP
Francisco, California, FCC Offices.
telecommunication aspects of their
regulatory activities. Each bureau or office
must develop an impact statement
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
describing the effect of proposed actions on
NS/EP. The NS/EP impact is considered
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
by the Commissioners in their deliberations
As Defense Commissioner of the FCC,
along with legal, regulatory, economic,
technical, and administrative factors.
Andrew C. Barrett provides overall direction
and guidance for the Commission's NS/EP
activities. He keeps the chairman and other
PENDING ISSUES
commissioners abreast of any emergency
matters requiring their attention, and
During the next fiscal year, the FCC
represents the FCC in the deliberations of
will:
the Joint Telecommunications Resources
Board (JTRB).
Continue to work with the NCS to
improve the effectiveness of the TSP
In accordance with the mandate of E.O.
system.
12472, the FCC continues its NCS role as a
liaison member; regulatory and adjudicatory
Continue to monitor the hacker threat
functions do not permit the FCC to act as a
to the PSN through participation in the
regular voting member. FCC representa-
Government Network Security
tives participate in meetings of the NCS
Subgroup (GNSS).
COP/COR. The FCC now has an active
NCC liaison to facilitate the exchange of
Continue to participate in the Toll
information during crises and emergencies,
Fraud Prevention Committee of the
and to ensure expedited action by the
NOF.
Commission on requests for emergency
authorizations or waivers of the rules. This
Continue to monitor network outages
liaison also provides status information on
and to take steps to reduce their
various FCC activities and explains FCC
occurrence.
procedures at industry-Government
meetings.
Continue to advise/assist in
development of the PEP Project and
In addition, the FCC is represented at
the EAN upgrade.
meetings of the NSTAC and the National
Security Telecommunications and
Information Systems Security Committee
(NSTISSC). The FCC also provides liaison
to Ad Hoc 134 of the IRAC; continues to
participate in the activities of the NTMS;
and participates in all meetings of the
Subcommittee on Federal Earthquake
Response Planning, providing assistance to
4-71
STATES UNITED NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONER
NUCLEAR REGULATORY
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
COMMISSION (NRC)
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
FTS2000 service (seven lines to each
nuclear power plant and associated
MISSION
emergency operations facilities) has been
he mission of the NRC is to ensure
installed at all nuclear power plants in place
T
that civilian use of nuclear materials
of the NRC's Emergency Notification
and facilities is conducted in a man-
System (ENS), which consisted of service
ner consistent with public health and safety,
via the public switched network and a single
dedicated circuit between each nuclear
protection of environmental quality, assurance
reactor site and the NRCOC. The FTS2000
of national security, and adherence to antitrust
laws. The NRC accomplishes this through
service is being tested and as tests are
licensing of nuclear facilities, licensing of the
completed, the ENS is being removed.
possession and use of nuclear materials, the
NRC expects all emergency
issuance of rules and regulations governing
telecommunications services to be provided
licensed activities, and inspection and enforce-
by FTS2000 in 1993.
ment actions. The NRC's NS/EP telecommu-
nications mission provides assured and reliable
Ways to provide alternate emergency
communications between the NRC
communications between nuclear power
Operations Center (NRCOC), operating
plants and the NRCOC during a nuclear
nuclear power plant control rooms, and
emergency are being explored with the
regional incident response centers. This con-
purchase of INMARSAT terminals as the
nectivity ensures immediate notification to the
leading contender.
NRCOC of unusual occurrences and provides
The NRC has received and issued 41
relevant information during events at nuclear
facilities. The Director, IRM, represents the
STU-III's to users and expects to receive
NRC on the NCS COP. The Director,
and issue a final increment of 10 in 1992.
Division of Computer and
Telecommunications Services represents the
NRC on the NCS COR. The Chief,
Telecommunications Branch, acts as the alter-
nate for the COP/COR.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
During FY92, the NRC Commissioners
approved the use of FTS2000 services for
NRC Emergency Telecommunications.
4-72
STATES
POSTAL
UNITED
SERVICE
U.S.MAIL
UNITED STATES POSTAL
electronic automated private branch
exchanges (EAPBX) and AT&T Merlin
SERVICE (USPS)
Legend & Partner key systems. The
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
process for the award was completed in
11 months. The USPS will award
MISSION
several thousand telephone systems over
the next 5 years and save approximately
SPS has not been assigned specific
$10 million during that period on better
NS/EP telecommunications
pricing and substantial work hours
responsibility in the event of a
saved on the process. These two
national emergency or other declared exigency.
contractors compete against the LEC
Therefore, USPS telecommunication systems
for each postal facility telephone system.
and services were designed to support day-to-
day organizational mission requirements;
Completed work on Universal Wiring
telecommunication facilities dedicated specifi-
(UW) specifications and a business plan
cally to NS/EP support are limited in scope.
to enable each new postal facility to be
cabled/wired during the initial
construction that will support these
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
buildings for several years of service.
The wiring includes telephone systems
The following FY92 accomplishments
and total building wiring, which will
will enhance the ability of USPS to support
include terminals, video surveillance,
the overall NS/EP mission:
building sensors, heating, ventilation
and air conditioning, and lighting and
Issuing a request for proposal to
control. The Wiltel contract allows for
establish a single Primary Interexchange
the contractors and LEC's to also bid
Carrier (PIC) to gain cost-effective long
on wiring using the UW specifications.
distance telephone services for all postal
facilities nationwide. The USPS has
Converted 181 USPS field locations to
developed both pricing and procure-
FTS2000 service. This project has saved
ment decision models that indicate that
the USPS approximately $350,000 a
a competitive approach to the acquisi-
month. Most of the conversion was
tion of a national long distance service
completed on the voice circuits, where
contract would result in substantial cost
the savings were substantial.
savings. A limited competition has been
approved to include three vendors for
Completed developing an integrated
contract award in October 1992.
voice and data model for extant
networks and defining the USPS 1995
Awarded a contract to Wiltel
WAN architecture, which will increase
Communications Systems and
LAN interconnection usage.
Government Telecommunications Inc.
for the acquisition of Northern
Telecom Meridian 1 current technology
4-73
During the last 18 months, progress has
encompassed the development of a
technical architecture. The technical
architecture defines the evolving
computing and telecommunications
infrastructure required in 1995 and
beyond to deliver a common set of
telecommunications and value-added
services to a widely dispersed variety of
postal facilities. A utility company
model is being employed for these
services because the focus is on the
infrastructure required to deliver
services to users located in facilities.
Completed first interconnection with
outside Government agencies and
private industry via the internet
network. Future connections are
expected to grow.
4-74
OF
BOARD
OF
THE
SYSTEM
FEDERAL
RESERVE
FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD (FRB)
Operations and Payment Systems serves as a
liaison member on the NCS COR and the
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATIONS
alternate member on the NCS COP.
MISSION
The Director, Division of Information
Resources Management, has responsibility
T
he following are essential functions
for planning the Board's telecommunication
of FRB that require NS/EP
services. The Director, Division of Support
telecommunications service:
Services, has responsibility for the ongoing
operations of the Board's telecommun-
Oversight of essential telecommun-
ication services.
ication services in support of the
financial payment mechanisms
SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Oversight of essential communication in
support of monetary policy, financial
In support of NCS functions, the
markets stabilization, and bank
following activities were accomplished:
supervision and regulation
Provided the OMNCS with Reserve
Issue and distribute currency, coin, and
Bank contacts to participate in the
other monetary instruments
Carrier Interconnect services as part of
the Commercial Network Survivability
Maintain essential communication with
(CNS) Program
other central banks and with other
financial policy entities in the U.S.
Continued to implement TSP on
Government relating to the stabilization
Federal Reserve Communication
of financial markets.
System (FRCS)-80 backbone circuits
Developed policy and guidelines for
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STAFF
evaluating TSP sponsorship for
ORGANIZATION
nongovernment payment system
participants that support FRB NS/EP
The Assistant Director for Automation,
functions
Communications, and Building Programs in
the Board's Division of Reserve Bank
Provided periodic status reports on the
Operations and Payment Systems has
implementation of NCS programs by
responsibility for oversight of the Reserve
the FRS to the NSC
Banks' telecommunication services and
serves as a liaison member on the NCS
Provided comments to the NCS Office
COP. The Manager of the Communications
of Technology and Standards
Section of the Division of the Reserve Bank
concerning proposed telecommu-
nication standards and guidelines.
4-75
CURRENT/ONGOING NS/EP
TELECOMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
The following current ongoing
activities are in support of NS/EP programs:
Reviewing tariffs submitted by local
exchange carriers (LEC) to assess the
cost impact of implementing TSP for
remainder of FRB telecommunications
network, and large volume funds and
securities transfer depository
institutions
Reviewing ongoing FRB requirements
to update information on the GETS
data base and the CNS Program
Developing procedures to audit FRB,
NCS, and telecommunications carrier
records concerning TSP assignments to
ensure accuracy
Reporting ongoing activities in
compliance with NCS directives to the
NSC.
4-76
SECURITY 7 AGENCY
*
*
O
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
IONAL SECURITY AGENCY (NSA)
NSA's FY92 activities have been
incorporated in the DoD report.
OF
NAMONAL US NTIA DEPARTMENT & INFORMATION COMMERCE AOMMISTR
CATIONS
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION
(NTIA)
NTIA's FY92 activities have been
incorporated in the DOC report.
4-78
V.
NS/EP TELECOMMUNICATION
ISSUES
RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
Spectrum Plan for the U.S. that will identify
radio frequency spectrum requirements and
ALLOCATION
technology trends that will impact on the use of
the radio spectrum. This will ensure that both
ISSUE
near-term and long-term spectrum needs of
the Government are met. The Plan is required
he proliferation of new telecommu-
if the Government is to effectively combat both
nication technologies such as
national and international encroachments on
personal communications systems
spectrum critical to the national security.
(PCS) and Low Earth Orbit Satellites (LEOS)
has increased the number of prospective users
The plan will encompass the use of emerg-
of the already crowded radio frequency spec-
ing technologies to promote efficiency in spec-
trum. The measures, both within the United
trum utilization and the implementation of
States and internationally, that have been intro-
spectrum management early on in the acquisi-
duced to accommodate this private sector
tion process. It should also lead to the defini-
demand will affect those portions of the spec-
tion of appropriate policies and procedures to
trum currently reserved for the exclusive use of
enforce spectrum conservation. It is of para-
government agencies. The NTIA and FCC
mount importance that the management of the
have aggressively taken the lead to resolve
frequency spectrum be carefully considered
this issue.
before decisions are made. This planning is
important to all users in the Federal
BACKGROUND
Government.
Over the past year, several national and
international measures have been introduced
JOINT INDUSTRY-GOVERNMENT
which will affect the allocation of radio fre-
PLANNING AND COORDINATION OF
quency spectrum. The World Administrative
Radio Conference, the U.S. Congress, and the
EMERGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Federal Communications Commission have all
introduced measures that will require greater
ISSUE
allocations of radio frequency spectrum to
commercial users for undertakings that include
The National Security Telecommun-
PCS's and LEOS's.
ications Advisory Committee (NSTAC) char-
ter expires in December 1993, and to sustain
STATUS
joint industry-Government cooperation
through the NSTAC process, the President
Concurrent with these developments,
must approve an extension of his NSTAC's
efforts are underway in the U.S. to reallocate
charter.
both government and nongovernment-owned
spectrum to the private sector. The outcome
will have far-reaching impacts on Government
spectrum users. NTIA is developing a Strategic
5-1
BACKGROUND
telecommunications industry to address the
threat presented by hacker intrusions into the
The President's NSTAC was established
PSN. During FY92, the Government Network
in 1982, by Executive Order 12382, to provide
Security Subgroup (GNSS) and NSTAC
the President with advice and assistance from
Network Security Task Force (NSTF),
the perspective of the telecommunications
through the Government and Industry
industry. Since then, both Presidents Reagan
Network Security Information Exchange
and Bush have continued to recognize the
(NSIE) groups, worked together to define and
unique value, knowledge, and perspective this
address network security issues.
Presidential advisory committee brings to the
Government and its planning at all levels, espe-
At NSTAC XIV, the Chairman of the
cially in helping the National Communications
NSTAC NSTF briefed committee members
System (NCS) achieve its national security and
in a closed session regarding the status of the
emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommu-
hacker threat to the PSN. The NSTF also
nications objectives and responsibilities.
issued an updated risk assessment that indicated
Consequently, both Presidents have extended
a perceived increase in risk. Consequently, the
the NSTAC's charter, because a sustained
NSTAC charged the Industry Executive
industry-Government commitment is vital to
Subcommittee (IES) with direct oversight of all
ensure telecommunications are available to
NSTAC network security efforts. To address
support national leadership requirements under
this charge, the IES created the Network
all natural and man-made disaster or
Security Steering Committee (NSSC) to con-
emergency scenarios.
tinue reviewing network security issues, and the
Network Security Standards Oversight Group
STATUS
(NSSOG), under the NSSC, to specifically
address standards issues. The NSSC replaced
The NSTAC charter was extended for two
the NSTF, and will be the focal point for net-
years in September 1991.
work security initiatives, including oversight of
the NSTAC NSIE. The NSIEs will continue
to work together in addressing the hacker
PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORKS
threat to the PSN.
SECURITY
STATUS
ISSUE
Network Security continues to be at the
NS/EP telecommunication users are con-
forefront of concern for NS/EP telecommuni-
cerned about the vulnerability of the public
cation users. The NSIEs will continue to meet
switched network (PSN) to unauthorized soft-
jointly every 2 months to share information
ware manipulation by computer hackers. This
regarding hackers' network vulnerabilities and
vulnerability could result in unauthorized dis-
incidents, and other related network security
closure of sensitive information from network
issues. The NSSC and NSSOG will meet dur-
data bases, or disruption and possible denial of
ing FY93. The NSSC will serve as the coordi-
NS/EP services.
nating point for and will provide direct support
to all NSTAC network security activities.
BACKGROUND
In fiscal year (FY) 1990 the Chairman of
the National Security Council's Policy
Coordinating Committee for National Security
Telecommunications and Information Systems
tasked the Manager, NCS, to determine what
action is needed from Government and the
5-2
ENHANCED CALL COMPLETION
Analysis of service costs. The total cost will
include what it costs to develop, imple-
SERVICES
ment, use, and deploy the services. From
this, the OMNCS can determine the most
ISSUE
cost-effective way that these services can
be utilized by NCS member organiza-
Enhanced call completion (ECC) services
tions.
could potentially ensure NS/EP call completion
rates remain high during periods of stress to the
Analysis of service risks. Operational, tech-
PSN. These services could be provided by tele-
nical, or regulatory risks are some of the
phone carriers through contracts under the
areas to be examined for each of the 23
National Level NS/EP Telecommunications
potential services.
Program (NLP) and associated programs.
STATUS
BACKGROUND
The OMNCS will finish analyzing the 23
Based on a request from the Office of the
ECC services by May 1993 and then demon-
Manager, NCS (OMNCS) to the NSTAC's
strate some of those services shown to have
IES and a subsequent charge to the IES from
potentially significant cost/benefits to NCS
the NSTAC, the IES established an ECC Task
member organizations.
Force in December 1990 to investigate the
technical feasibility of enhancing call comple-
tion for NS/EP users during periods of stress to
the PSN. The ECC Task Force Report to
NSTAC XIV identified 23 existing and future
capabilities that could potentially provide ECC
to NS/EP users. The OMNCS is analyzing
these 23 ECC services to determine the most
cost-effective service implementation method.
This cost/benefit analysis will focus on the fol-
lowing:
Analysis of service performance criteria.
Each ECC service will be analyzed accord-
ing to how it improves NS/EP communi-
cations connectivity, diversity, and
accessibility.
5-3
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX A
NCS AND OMNCS ORGANIZATIONS
EXHIBIT A-1
NCS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
President
1
2
NSTAC
OMB
NSC
OSTP
Executive
3
Agent
Office of the
Manager, NCS
5
NCS
Committee
4
Manager
of Principals
6
Deputy
GSA NS/EP
NCS Council of
Manager
Operational
Representatives
Elements
Staff
NCS Member
Organizations
DOS
TREAS
DoD
DOJ
DOI
USDA
DOC
HHS
DOT
DOE
DVA
CIA
JS
GSA
USIA
NASA
FEMA
FCC
NRC
USPS
FRS
NSA
NTIA
1. Policy Direction and Direct Execution War Powers Functions
LEGEND:
2. National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee
3. Executive Agent, NCS responsibilities assigned to Secretary
Direction
of Defense by E.O. 12472, April 3, 1984
Coordination
4. Director, DISA serves as Manager, NCS
5. The Key Telecommunications Officers of the NCS Member
Organizations
6. First line management position which is exclusively NCS
A-1
EXHIBIT A-2
OFFICE OF THE MANAGER, NCS
NCS Committee
of
Principals
Assistant to the
Manager for
NCS Council
Manager
Commercial
of
Communications
Representatives
Deputy
Manager
Assistant
Deputy
Manager
Office of NCS
Office of NCS
Office of NCS
Office of NCS
Joint
Technology
Plans &
Secretariat
and
Emergency
Standards
Programs
Preparedness
GSA NS/EP
National
Operational
Coordinating
Elements *
Center
NCS Regional Emergency Telecommunication
Planners and Regional Emergency
LEGEND:
Telecommunication Managers
Direction
Coordination
A-2
NCS-RELATED ACRONYMS
NCS-RELATED ACRONYMS
AA/OSC
Associate Administrator for the Office of Space Communications
AAR
Automatic Alternate Routing
ACTS
Advanced Communication Technology
ADNET
Anti-Drug Network
ADP
Automated Data Processing
AFB
Air Force Base
AFMC
Air Force Materiel Command
AFNET
Air Force Network
AIN
Advanced Intelligent Network
AIRSTAS
Air Stations
ALE
Automatic Link Establishment
ANDVT
Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminals
AN/GSC
Army Navy/Ground Satellite System
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ARS
Automatic Route Selection
ARTCC
Air Route Traffic Control Centers
ASC
AUTODIN Switching Centers
ASMB
Assistant Secretary for Management and Budget
ASP
Aggregated Switch Procurement
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUTODIN
Automatic Digital Network
AUTOVON
Automatic Voice Network
B-ISDN
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
BDT
Telecommunications Development Bureau
BFE
Blacker Front End
BXA
Bureau of Export Administration
C³
Command, Control and Communications
C³I
Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence
C⁴
Command, Control, Communications, and Computer
CAMSLANT
Communications Area Master Station, Atlantic
CAMSPAC
Communications Area Master Station, Pacific
CAPS
Contractors Access Points
CCIR
International Radio Consultative Committee
CCITT
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
CCPC
Civil Communications Planning Committee
CCPCWG
Civil Communications Planning Committee Working Group
CCS
Common Channel Signaling
CCST
Contingency Communications Support Team
CD
Civil Defense
CDN
Consolidated Data Network
CEAP
Corps of Engineers Automation Program
CELP
Code Excited Linear Production
CEPQ
Civil Emergency Planning Questionnaire
CFG
Communications Functional Group
CGDN
Coast Guard Data Network
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency
CIM
Center for Information Management
CINCCENT
Commander-in-Chief, Central Command
CINCLANT
Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic
CINCNET
Commanders-in-Chief Network
CINCPAC
Commander-in-Chief, Pacific
CIWG
Communications Interoperability Working Group
CMOS
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CN
Counter-Narcotic
CNS
Commercial Network Survivability
1
COMMSTA
Communications Stations
COMSEC
Communications Security
CONUS
Contiguous United States
CONUS
Continental United States
COP
Committee of Principals
COR
Council of Representatives
CSI
Commercial SATCOM Interconnectivity
CSM
Centralized System Management
CY
Calendar Year
DAB
Digital Audio Broadcast
DACS
Digital Access and Crossconnect System
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DATN
Disaster Avoidance Telecommunications Network
DCS
Defense Communications System
DCTN
Defense Commercial Telecommunications Network
DDN
Defense Data Network
DEA
Drug Enforcement Administration
DECCO
Defense Commercial Communications Office
DES
Data Encryption Standard
DETIP
Drug Enforcement Telecommunications Implementation Plan
DF
Direction Finding
DFO
Disaster Field Office
DHHS
Department of Health and Human Services
DIA
Defense Intelligence Agency
DIS
Defense Information Systems
DISA
Defense Information Systems Agency
DISN
Defense Information System Network
DISN-NT
Defense Information Systems Network Near Term
DLA DCN
Defense Logistics Agency Communications Network
DMIP
DCS Mediterranean Improvement Plan
DMS
Defense Message System
DOC
Department of Commerce
DoD
Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Energy
DOI
Department of the Interior
DOJ
Department of Justice
DOS
Department of State
DOT
Department of Transportation
DOTTS
Department of the Treasury Telecommunications Systems
DSC
Digital Selective Calling
DSCS
Defense Satellite Communications System
DSCSOC
DSCS Operations Center
DSN
Defense Switched Network
DSNET
Defense Secure Network
DTP
Dedicated Transmission Plan
DTS
Dedicated Transmission Service
DTS
Digital Telecommunications System
DTS
Diplomatic Telecommunications Service
DVA
Department of Veterans Affairs
EA
Economic Affairs
E.O.
Executive Order
E-RTNR
Enhanced Real Time Network Routing
2
EAPBX
Electronic Automated Private Branch Exchange
EBS
Emergency Broadcast System
ECC
Enhanced Call Completion
ECCRN
Emergency Command Control Radio Network
ECSA
Exchange Carriers Standards Association
EEF
Essential Emergency Functions
EENET
Emergency Education Network
EIA
Electronic Industries Association
EICC
Emergency Information Coordination Center
EMP
Electromagnetic Pulse
EMS
Emergency Management System
ENS
Emergency Notification System
EOC
Emergency Operations Centers
EOF
Emergency Operations Facility
EOP
Executive Office of the President
EPA
Early Post Attack
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EPIC
El Paso Intelligence Center
EPIRB
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
ESA
Economic and Statistics Administration
ESF
Emergency Support Function
ESP
Electric Service Priority
ESS
Electronic Switching System
ETN
Electronic Tandem Network
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration
FAATSAT
FAA Telecommunications Satellite System
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FEB
Federal Executive Board
FECC
Federal Emergency Communications Coordinators
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEMS
FEMA Frequency Management System
FERC
Federal Emergency Response Capability
FFARS
FEMA Facsimile and Record System
FFMS
FEMA Frequency Management System
FHWA
Federal Highway Administration
FIPS
Federal Information Processing Standard
FIRMR
Federal Information Resource Management Regulations
FM
Frequency Modulation
FNAMS
FEMA National Automated Message System
FNARS
FEMA National Radio System
FOC
Full Operational Capability
FORSCOM
Forces Command
FPLMTS
Future Public Land-Mobile Telecommunications System
FRB
Federal Reserve Board
FRC
Federal Regional Center
FRCS
Federal Reserve Communication System
FRERP
Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan
FRP
Federal Response Plan
FRS
Federal Reserve System
FRWG
Funding and Regulatory Working Group
FSN
FEMA Switched Network
3
FSTS
Federal Secure Telephone Service
FT
Fiber Optic Transmission
FTS2000
Federal Telecommunications System 2000
FTSC
Federal Telecommunications Standards Committee
FTSP
Federal Telecommunications Standards Program
FY
Fiscal Year
G-T
Office of Command, Control, and Communications
GEOLOCO
Geographical Locations
GETS
Government Emergency Telecommunications Service
GMDSS
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GNSS
Government Network Security Subgroup
GSA
General Services Administration
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications
GTDI
GSA Telecommunications Development Institute
HDTV
High Definition Television
HEMP
High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse
HF
High Frequency
HFAID
HF AUTODIN Interface Device
HFRWI
High Frequency Radio Wire Interface
HPC
High Performance Computing
HPC
High Probability of Completion
HQ
Headquarter
IDCU
Integrated Data Communications Utility
IDS
Information Display System
IDS-MIS
Information Display System-Management Information System
IDNX
Integrated Digital Network Exchange
IEC
Interexchange Carrier
IEMS
Integrated Emergency Management System
IES
Industry Executive Subcommittee
IFA
Interagency Funding Agreement
IFRB
International Frequency Registration Board
IMA
Individual Mobilization Augmentee
IMBE
Improved Multi-Band Excitation
IMO
International Maritime Organization
IMP
Information Management Plan
IN
Intelligent Network
INEL
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
INF
Intermediate Nuclear Forces
INMARSAT
International Marine Satellite
INS
Immigration and Naturalization Service
IOC
Initial Operational Capability
IRAC
Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee
IRM
Information Resources Management
IRMS
Information Resources Management Service
ISC
Information Systems Center
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
IST
Inter-Switch Trunks
ITA
International Trade Association
ITT&C
Interoperable Telemetry, Tracking, and Control
ITTG
Information and Telecommunication Technologies Group
ITU
International Telecommunications Union
ITW/AA
Integrated Tactical Warning/Attack Assessment
4
IV&V
Independent Validation & Verification
JCS
Joint Chiefs of Staff
JPL
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JRSC
Jam Resistant Secure Communications
JS
Joint Staff
JTF
Joint Task Force
JTRB
Joint Telecommunications Resources Board
KTU
Korean Telephone Upgrade
LAN
Local Area Network
LANTCOM
Atlantic Command
LATA
Local Access and Transport Area
LCT
Low Cost Terminal
LEA
Law Enforcement Agencies
LEC
Local Exchange Carrier
LEOSAT
Low Earth Orbit Satellite
LINCS
Leased Inner-Facility NAS Communications System
LLNL
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LMR
Land Mobile Radio
LNHR
LEC Non-Hierarchial Routing
LTA
Late Trans-Attack
MARAD
Maritime Administration
MATTS
Mobile Air Transportable Telecommunications System
MBC
Meteor Burst Communications
MCDN
Marine Corps Data Network
MCS
Message Conversion System
MDT
Message Distribution Terminal
MDZ
Maritime Defense Zone
MERS
Mobile Emergency Response Support
METS
Message-based Emergency Telecommunications Service
MF
Multifrequency
MFA
Major Focus Area
MFJ
Modified Final Judgment
MILNET
Military Network
MILSATCOM
Military Satellite Communication
MOA
Memoranda of Agreement
MOC
Media Operations Center
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
MROC
Multi-Command Required Operational Capability
MRV
Multi-Radio Van
MSAT
Mobile Satellite Experiment
MSO
Marine Safety Office
MSP
Message Security Protocol
MTT
Mobile/Transportable Telecommunications
NARACS
National Radio Communications System
NAS
National Air Space System
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASCOM
NASA Operational Communications System
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVNET
Navy Network
NAWAS
National Warning System
NCA
National Command Authority
NCAM
Network Connectivity Analysis Model
5
NCC
National Coordinating Center
NCS
National Communications System
NCS
Naval Control of Shipping
NCSD
NCS Document
NCSH
NCS Handbook
NECC
National Emergency Coordination Center
NEP
Network Enhancement Plan
NETC
National Emergency Training Center
NDA
Non-Disclosure Agreement
NDER
National Defense Executive Reserve
NEMS
National Emergency Management System
NEMT
National Emergency Management Team
NES
National Energy Strategy
NESDIS
National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service
NETS
Nationwide Emergency Telecommunications Service
NIRMP
National Information Resource Management Plan
NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLP
National Level NS/EP Telecommunications Program
NNOC
National Network Operations Center
NMC
Network Management Center
NMFS
National Marine Fisheries Service
NMS
Network Management System
NMTP
Network Management and Technology Planning
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOC
Network Operation Center
NOF
Network Operations Forum
NOI
Notice of Inquiry
NOS
National Oceanic Service
NPA
Numbering Plan Area
NPD
National Preparedness Directorate
NPRM
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
NRC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRCOC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Operations Center
NREN
National Research and Education Network
NS/EP
National Security and Emergency Preparedness
NSA
National Security Agency
NSAP
Network Service Assurance Plan
NSC
National Security Council
NSCM
NCS Manual
NSD
National Security Directive
NSDD
National Security Decision Directive
NSIE
Network Security Information Exchange
NSSOG
Network Security Standards Oversight Group
NSTAC
National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee
NSTF
Network Security Task Force
NSTISSC
National Security Telecommunications and Information Systems Security Committee
NT
NCS Office of Technology and Standards
NTCN
National Telecommunications Coordinating Network
NTIA
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
NTMS
National Telecommunications Management Structure
NTSB
National Transportation Safety Board
NTTC
National Transportable Telecommunications Capability
6
NWS
National Weather Service
OAR
Office of Oceans and Atmospheric Research
OC
Operating Center
OCONUS
Outside Continental United States
OET
Office of Emergency Transportation
OIRM
Office of Information Resources Management
OMB
Office of Management and Budget
OMNCS
Office of the Manager, National Communications System
ONA
Open Network Architecture
ONDCP
Office of National Drug Control Policy
OSD
Office of the Secretary of Defense
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
OSTP
Office of Science and Technology Policy
OTAM
Over the Air Management
OTAR
Over the Air Rekeying
OTM
Office of Telecommunications Management
OWG
Operations Working Group
PABX
Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PAC
Pacific
PBX
Private Branch Exchange
PCC-NSTIS
Policy Coordinating Committee for National Security Telecommunications
and Information Systems
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PCN
Personal Communications Network
PCS
Personal Communication Service/System
PCTN
Pacific Consolidated Telecommunications Network
PEP
Primary Entry Point
PIC
Primary Interexchange Carrier
PIN
Personal Identification Number
PO
Program Office
POE
Panel of Experts
PSCN
Program Support Communications Network
PSN
Packet Switched Network
PSN
Public Switched Network
PTO
Patents and Trademarks Office
PTT
Post, Telephone and Telegraph
PWG
Plans Working Group
QDU
Quantization Distortion Unit
QTCM
Queuing Traffic Congestion Model
RARC
Regional Administrative Radio Conference
RBOC
Regional Bell Operating Company
RCS
Regional Computer System
RDSS
Radio Direction Satellite Service
REMT
Regional Emergency Management Team
REP
Radiologic Emergency Preparedness
RETCO
Regional Emergency Transportation Coordinators
RFP
Request for Proposal
RNHR
Robust Non-Hierarchical Routing
RP
Republic of the Philippines
RP
Restoration Priority
RRF
Ready Reserve Force
RSPA
Research and Special Programs Administration
7
RWI
Radio Wire Interface
SACNET
Secure Automatic Communications Network
SACS
STU-III Access Control System
SATCOM
Satellite Communications
SATS
Southwest Asia Telecommunications System
SCIS
Survivable Communications Integration System
SDIS
Switched Digital Integration Service
SDN
Secure Data Network
SEED
Self Electro-Optic Effect
SHA
State Highway Agencies
SHARES
Shared Resources
SISOCS
Streamlining of Information Services Operations Consolidation Study
SITOR
Simplex Teletype Over Radio
SMCT
Smart Multichannel Terminal
SMS
Sidereal Message Switches
SNA
System Network Architecture
SONET
Synchronous Optical Network
SS4
Selective Signaling Voice Conferencing System
SS7
Signaling System 7
SSB
Single Sideband
SSCN
Secure Survivable Communications Network
SSN
Survivable Signaling Network
STU
Secure Telephone Unit
STU III/R
Remote Secure Telephone Unit-III
TA
Technology Administration
TAC
Terminal Access Controller
TAG
Technical Advisory Group
TCO
Telecommunications Certification Office
TCS
Treasury Communications System
TDRSS
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
TEDSS
Telecommunications Emergency Decision Support System
TIA
Telecommunications Industry Association
TIM
Telecommunications Industry Mobilization
TIS
Telemanagement Information System
TMN
Telecommunications Management Network
TM&O
Telecommunication Management and Operations
TMSO
Telecommunications Management and Services Office
TOR
Terms of Reference
TPPS
Telecommunications Planning Process Subcommittee
TPTT
Turkish Post, Telephone, and Telegraph
TQM
Total Quality Management
TREAS
Department of the Treasury
TRG
Threshold Reporting Group
TSC
Technical Subcommittee
TSO
Telecommunications Service Orders
TSP
Telecommunications Service Priority
TSP PO
TSP Program Office
TSR
Telecommunications Service Requests
TSS
Telecommunication Services Staff
TW/AA
Tactical Warning/Attack Assessment
UHF
Ultra High Frequency
UPT
Universal Personal Telecommunications
8
USACE
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USAF
United States Air Force
USCG
United States Coast Guard
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
USIA
United States Information Agency
USMCEB
United States Military Communications Electronics Board
USMS
United States Marshals Service Communications System
USN
United States Navy
USPS
United States Postal Service
USTA
United States Telephone Association
USTSA
United States Telecommunications Suppliers Association
UW
Universal Wiring
VA
Department of Veteran Affairs
VANTS
Veterans Administration Nationwide Teleconferencing System
VHF
Very High Frequency
VOA
Voice of America
VSAT
Very Small Aperture Terminal
VTC
Video Teleconferencing
WAN
Wide Area Network
WAPA
Western Area Power Administration
WARC
World Administrative Radio Conference
WHCA
White House Communications Agency
WHCIWG
White House Communications Interoperability Working Group
WITS
Washington Interagency Telecommunications System
WRSS
Wireless and Radio Support Service
WWOLS
Worldwide On-Line System
ZECP
Zonal Emergency Communications Planner
9