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Science and Technology
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285790911
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Science and Technology
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Records pertain to the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Carol Aarhus Alpha Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
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S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Aarhus, Carol, Files
Subseries:
Alpha File, 1990-1992
OA/ID Number:
13866
Folder ID Number:
13866-007
Folder Title:
Science and Technology
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19
2
5
7
02/28/1991 13:09 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.01
I rec'd this too late
ive
to include in the
Westinghouse speech -
1991
Ms. Carolyn Cawley,
passing it around for
Office of Communications,
The While House,
anyone to use in the
Washington D.C. 20500
next science or volunteer
Fax No: (202) 456-6218
or education speech
-CC
Dear Ms. Cawley,
Earlier this week, my daughter Rowan and I met with the publisher of
'Fortune' magazine, Mr. James B. Hayes, to discuss a new industry-
college volunteer program called SMArT, for the Science and Math
Achiever Teaming program, that she is piloting at Yale in the New
Haven schools.
Mr. Hayes suggested that the White House might be interested in this
program as a part of its Points of Light program, because it addressed
the twin national needs, as he saw them, for more volunteers and for
an effective, business-led, method of 'going national' with a program
to fulfil the President's pledge for the U.S. to lead the world in
this area by the next decade.
Rowan, as an ex-Westinghouse winner, was going to be in Washington
D.C. this weekend, March 2 & 3, for the 50th Anniversary Science
Talent Search Awards, and she knew the President would be involved in
the STS functions. She therefore thought she should let the Science
Advisor, Dr. Bromley, know about SMArT, because we had submitted an
article to 'Fortune' in the form of an open letter to the President
and because the White House might be interested in this initiative.
I faxed her letter and FedExed the material to Dr. Bromley's office
yesterday, but, in following up today, found that it hadn't reached
anyone yet. Accordingly, I contacted your office and, per your
office's request, am faxing herewith her letter, the draft article and
a Yale Daily News article on the New Haven/Yale pilot program she is
running for your information. I have also faxed this material to Ms.
Janice Howell at the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
If you feel the White House may be interested in this, please give me
a call at (815) 226 7913 (business) or (815) 397-0584 (home) and I
would be pleased to discuss it further with you.
Thank you for your interest.
Yours sincerely,
John G. Lockwood
FROM
SUNDSTRAND
CORP.
HDQTRS.
TO
8
5094
91
2024566218
P.02
Scientists 02/28/1991 13:09 Help Youngsters Get SMArT
By Bob Datta
from professors and scientists who
in order to do real science you must
she said.
will let the students visit their labs
YON Staff Reporter
have five years of study," she said.
She spent most of her summer
and workplaces.
"I think that you learn the most as
working closely with the New
The students will work in all
Rowan Lockwood '93 wants
you go along, picking up skills
Haven school board and with
kids to get SMArT.
sorts of fields, ranging from solar
along the way"
Dwight Hall to get SMArT rolling,
Lockwood's efforts don't involve
power to DNA research to
Bruce Guenin, a scientist at Olin
she added.
Max and Agent 99, but the Science
dinosaurs and evolution. using the
and a volunteer for SMArT said the
Jack Hasagawa, coordinator of
and Math Achiever Teaming pro-
lab space at Troup.
program will do much more than
Dwight Hall helped her to design
gram. SMArT, which will begin
"I want the kids to get a good
make the kids interested in science.
SMArT this summer. "I know that
next semester, will allow students at
view of what science really is, and
"It enhances their self-esteem if
unless someone does something
Troup Middle School to research
know what it is all about," Lock-
people are interested in them," he
about getting children interested in
wood said.
fundamental science with help from
said, adding that industry should
math and science, American society
Yale student mentors, Yale profes-
Students are frequently turned
play a role in New Haven education
will go down the tubes," be said.
sors and New Haven industrial sci-
off from science by bad textbooks,
"10 give kids an 1dea of the skills
Kasagawa pointed to recent
entists.
or "A single lousy math or intro-sci-
they have, and need, to succeed"
demographic surveys which indi-
Twice a week after school, the
ence class." she said, adding that
Lockwood said the idea for
cate that American children get
Yalies will visit Troup to help the
hands-on experience can teach stu-
SMArT came from ber experiences
good science grades until the fifth
dents as much as can classroom
students design and reseach their
in high school. "I did research at a
grade, when a "botleneck" occurs.
time.
own science projects. The Troup
local college, published a paper, and
"At the upper levels of eduation.
students will also receive guidance
"There is this misconception that
I learned lot from the experience,"
See SMArT, Page 4
,
(
/
a
b
Γ.
a
$
f
1
B
e
:-
re
is
d
/
/
D
Marian Harris '93 and Rowan Lockwood '93, co-coordinators of the
is
Science and Math Achiever Teaming program plan how to get middle
0
school students interested in science.
&
Students, Scientists
t
Work With City Youth
SMArT, from Page 1
of SMArT, concurred. "The kids'
there is a devaluation of math and
attention span will determine how
:
science in our schools," be said.
much work they do," she said. "The
The program will begin in Jan-
projects will, for the beginning,
uary, when the second semester at
only last a semester. It will give the
$
Troup begins. For the first week,
kids a feeling of getting something
the SMArT student-volunteers will
done," Harris said.
1
present a "smorgasboard of sci-
The Troup school already has
ence" to offer the kids the broadest
pretty good science facilities, Lock-
e
possible picture of what they can
wood said, because it is a math-sci-
do.
ence magnet school for the sixth
The students themselves, with
grade, anid because NASA gives #
little. guidance from theis SMArT
resources for its Young Astroneut
mentors, will then choose the sort
program.
1
of project they would like to do.
SMArT is be partially funded by
"This program is, and has to be,
the Howard Hughes grant, which is
02/28/1991 13:10 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.03
P.O. Box 2285 Yale Station
New Haven
CT 06520
February 26, 1991
The Hon. D. Allan Bromley,
Assistant to the President for Science and Technology,
Old Executive Office Building,
17th. St. & Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.,
Rm. 358,
Washington D.C. 20506
Dear Dr. Bromley,
Earlier this week, I met with the publisher of 'Fortune' magazine, Mr.
James B. Hayes, to discuss a new industry/college volunteer pilot
program we have started in the New Haven Troop school, which is funded
by the Hughes grant. It is called SMArT, for the Science and Math
Achiever Teaming program.
This weekend, I will also be attending, as a 1988/89 Westinghouse
alumnus, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search Reunion in Washington
D.C. on the occasion of the 50th STS Awards, where I am also hoping
for an opportunity to make a presentation on SMArT.
Given your Office's interest in science and mathematics education and
the efforts this Administration is making to encourage volunteerism
through the Points of Light program, I thought that you may be
interested in this program. I am enclosing an article my father and I
have written on it and submitted to 'Fortune', along with materials on
the New Haven/Yale pilot program.
The program was jointly devised by my father and me. I drew on the
latent interest I thought college science students would have in
increasing their hands-on involvement in science. My father, who
works in international business development and innovation for a
company in Rockford IL., drew on the franchising techniques of the
Junior Achievement organization that he felt strongly had to be
applied to math and science if an effective national effort was to be
mounted.
... 2
02/28/1991 13:11 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.04
I am very grateful for his interest to Mr. Hayes, who was, I think,
enthused by both ideas; the first that college students could supply
the numbers of volunteers that are needed but are lacking in industry,
and the second that SMArT could be 'seeded' rapidly and effectively
throughout the nation, using incentivization, formularization, and
franchising business techniques. I am also grateful to Dean Kagan,
Dean Judith Hackman and Jack Hasagawa at Yale, who have been very
supportive of the program.
If you are interested in following up on this, my telephone number at
Yale is 203/436-0801. However, it may be easier to contact me through
my father, Mr. John Lockwood, at my home address, 1124 Post Drive,
Rockford, Il 61108, (tel. 815/397-0584), or at his business telephone,
815/226-7913. During my stay in Washington this weekend, March 2 and
3, I will be staying at the Washington Hilton 202/483-3000.
Thank you for your interest in the program and for your time.
Yours sincerely,
Rowan Lockwood
Rowan Lockwood (Ms.)
P.S. We have changed the front page of the attached article from the
copy we faxed earlier. I regret any inconvenience.
02/28/1991 13:11 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.05
13/44171
FRANCHISING SCIENCE AND MATH ACHIEVER TEAMS - A SMArT GAMEPLAN,
MR. PRESIDENT.
C
John G. Lockwood, 1124 Post Drive, Rockford, IL 61108, and
Rowan Lockwood, Box 2285, Yale Station, New Haven, CT 06520,
1990
Telephone:
Bus. (815) 226-7913
Home (815) 397-0584
02/28/1991 13:11 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.06
The State of the Union addresses of the past two years have been long
on educational goals but short on specifics. of particular interest
to business is just how our students are supposed to lead in the big
world league of math and science by the year 2000? Clearly Mr. Bush
wants to coach a team effort, with business a prime player, but
where's the drawcard for the kids? Where's the game plan?
Commentators place long odds on a win whatever the gameplan. To them,
simply increasing science education spending will not stem the decline
in numbers and skills of teachers and students alike. The problems
are universal, the solutions piecemeal. To meet Mr. Bush's goal, a
national classroom program must reconcile too many institutional
interests in government and the educational establishment in too short
a time. Always pitching short, the experts leisurely walk the players.
Outside the classroom, however, at the local level, science education
is more fun than a pickup game at recess. All over the U.S., unsung
but effective, ever more players - - industry volunteers as mentors,
college students as tutors - are inventing ever more plays to help out
- science clubs and fairs, enrichment and application programs,
internships, field trips. The rush of industry support could fill a
grandstand. Outside the classroom, it is clear that opportunity and
achievement, those uniquely American values that once built the little
red schoolhouse and made Johnny run, still endure.
But to win in ten years, the U.S. needs a drawcard, a gameplan and a
players league at the national level. One drawcard with that poten-
tial is the opportunity for kids to try out in science offered by the
Science and Math Achiever Teaming (SMArT) program being introduced at
Yale for New Haven schools, funded by a Hughes grant. Its gameplan is
to build early achievement in science: its 'league' will be franchised
community volunteer teams with their own organization and awards.
SMArT aims to motivate middle and high school pupils in science and
math through early achievement in original, long-term, research pro-
jects, supported by volunteer teams from industry and academia. Team
techniques, as developed, will comprise a rulebook for franchising new
teams. Teams will be sponsored by industries and colleges cooperating
with the pupils' schools, and, importantly, will be open to all comers.
02/28/1991 13:12 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.07
Offering opportunity to all in science is important. Early effort
counts more than perceived ability. Science programs have to look
hard at their mission through kids' eyes or risk attracting only those
already drawn to science. SMArT wants the many with potential in
science to try out, not just the few committed to it. Science is one
discipline, (languages another), where a hard grind sharpening the
tools of learning usually precedes any fun in using them. Its future
in the U.S., now the baby boom is over, depends on motivating the many.
Learning by doing is also key to math and science. If achievement is
to spark motivation in those subjects, then it must be meaningful, and
result from long-term, original research projects that require more
effort for longer than, say, the average science fair project, and
correspondingly reward participants with a greater sense of discovery.
Finally, achievement, to thrive in science as in life, must start with
taking control and end with recognition. All SMArT projects will be
chosen and controlled by the junior team members and will be eligible
for local incentive awards and entry in national competition.
The SMArT guidelines reflect these concepts:
Projects will be devised and managed by the school pupils and must
involve original or creative work in results or methodology.
Projects will be not less than one school year in duration and
require a pupil/parent written commitment to timely completion.
Industry volunteers will commit to provide project guidance,
research resources and logistics support for the students involved.
College volunteers will commit to provide hands-on help to, and
pursue sources and technical resources for, the school pupils.
Cooperating industries will provide schools liaison, project
resource, logistics support, and local incentive awards.
Cooperating colleges will provide project source access, staff
advisory services and incentives complementing the industry awards.
A national center will provide organizing help, project resource,
program research and a state and national awards structure.
02/28/1991 13:13 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.08
The core SMArT concept is its three-way, volunteer-based teaming of
schools, industry and colleges. This expands the resources needed for
an effective program and creates important complementary benefits.
Colleges can directly address their declines in enrollments and
graduations in math and science while their students take advantage of
volunteer service, job opportunities, hands-on research and teaching
experience well beyond the lectureroom and lab. Industries and
universities can cooperate more in recruiting, innovation and contract
R & D, while contributing significantly to competitiveness. Industry
volunteers will find working with youth recharges their on-the-job
energies, and, should they flag, the college students can bring their
own youthful enthusiasm to bear. Science teachers can have some
respite and their pupils can have a foretaste of their college and
workplace futures. Even the local science fair now dreaded alike by
students without ideas, parents without time and teachers without
help, - can become an opportunity instead of a chore.
In 14,000 schools, a national model for this program already exists.
Junior Achievement, the leading business-education partnership in the
country, has drawn students to business for over seventy years. The
name Junior Achievement came from the original JA concept of business
volunteers helping students achieve success by starting their own
businesses on their own time. Millions of parents know how effective
that wellspring of achievement has been in motivating their children.
Equally effective but less well known has been JA's pioneering use of
that quintessentially American business tool, franchising, to expand
its winning concept across the U.S. In this, JA has not only played
to an American business strength but has demonstrated the potential in
private bodies 'going national' with innovations in education. The
SMArT gameplan draws on the same national strengths, opportunity,
achievement, volunteerism in higher education and in business to offer
a real chance at a come-from-behind world victory in science and math.
How about a tryout then, Mr. President, Coach, Sir? Call on the heavy
hitters on your science team from industry and academia. How about a
tryout for SMArT as America's farm team in the big league of world
science and math education?
02/28/1991 13:13 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.09
ROWAN LOCKWOOD, (Ms.),
Home address: 1124 Post Drive, Rockford, Illinois 61108, U.S.A.
Home tel.: (815) 397 0584.
Birthdate: 7 June 1971
EDUCATION
1989-91 Attending Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.
My first year courses primarily consisted of the inter-disciplinary
Directed Studies Program (Western civilization philosophy, history
and literature), but also included Evolutionary Biology and
Chemistry. My second year studies have included Mineralogy,
Geology, and Anthropology courses, directed towards a double major
in Geology and Anthropology, along with History and French.
1986-89 Charter Class Member, Illinois Mathematics and Science
Academy (IMSA),
1500 W. Sullivan Rd., Aurora, IL 60506-1039, U.S.A.
IMSA is a three-year, residential, state-supported high school with
competitive admission for all Illinois sophomore-level students.
1985-86 Completed Grade 9, Rockford East H.S., Rockford, IL.
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
1989-91 - Publication of paper, "Evidences of Bipedalism in (Larger)
Pterosaurs Derived from a Biomechanical Methodology" in
BASE journal, Vol. 8 No. 1, (Spring, 1990)
- Admitted to the Yale Directed Studies Program, (1989)
1986-89 - Winner, the Illinois State Academy of Science Frank H.
Reed Award, best Westinghouse report, (May, 1989)
1 Winner, 48th. Annual Science Talent Search for the
Westinghouse Science Scholarships, (January 1989).
- Presented abstract at the annual meeting of the Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology at Drumheller, Alberta, Canada,
(Oct. 1988).
- Interned in the Dept. of Paleobiology, the National Museum
of Natural History, Washington D.C. (Aug. 1988).
- Presented INTECH 88 paper to the DOE location research
team for the U.S. Super Collider facility, (May 1988).
- Won First Prize, the INTECH 88 Science Competition for
Chicago High Tech Corridor Area Schools and the American
Nuclear Society (Chicago Section) Award for an energy-
related project, (May 1988).
- Admitted to the Charter Class of the Illinois Mathematics
and Science Academy, (1986).
- Rockford East High School Academic Honor Roll (1985-86).
02/28/1991 13:14 FROM SUNDSTRAND CORP. HDQTRS. TO 8 5094 91 2024566218 P.10
ATHLETICS & EXTRACURRICULAR PARTICIPATION
1990-91 - Won Dartmouth Diving Meet 1M & 3M Events (Feb. 1991)
1989-90 - Varsity Letter, Yale Swimming & Diving Team.
- Won Harvard-Yale Diving Meet 1M Event (Dec. 1989)
1988-89 - 17th. place, Illinois High School Association (IHSA) State
Diving Meet, (Nov. 1988).
- Won IHSA W. Chicago Sectional Diving Meet, (Nov. 1988).
- Captain, IMSA Diving Team.
- Section Leader (Flutes), IMSA Concert Band.
- Cast Member, IMSA Drama Club 1989 production.
1987-88 - 5th. place, Scholastic Women's 1M Diving Competition,
Prairie State Games, (July 1988).
- 18th. place, IHSA State Diving Meet, (Nov. 1987).
- 2nd. place, IHSA Waubonsie Valley Sectional Diving Meet,
(Nov. 1987).
- Certification in Advanced Lifesaving and CPR.
1986-87 - 5th. place, IHSA Waubonsie Valley Sectional Diving Meet,
(Nov. 1986).
1985-86 - Elected Student PE Leader for Sophomore year.
- NASTAR Silver medal in skiing, (April 1986).
COMMUNITY WORK SERVICE
1990-91 - Conceived and initiated the New Haven/Yale Science and
Math Achiever Teaming (SMArT) pilot program at Troop
public school in New Haven. SMArT is a volunteer program
designed to encourage students in math and science and
funded by Yale from the Hughes Foundation.
1988
- Volunteer lifeguard at Rockford College pool, Rockford,
IL, for summer swims for children and the handicapped.
1986-88 - IMSA work-service, including Foreign Language Department
assistant, lifeguarding and other duties.
PERSONAL STATEMENT
At Yale, I am pursuing a double major in Geology and Geophysics and
in Anthropology. However, I would like to supplement these courses
by undertaking interdisciplinary work involving paleoanthropology
and paleontology.
PUBLICATIONS & PRESENTATIONS
"Evidences of Bipedalism in (Larger) Pterosaurs", (with Dr. Virginia
Naples, Northern Illinois University), presented at the 48th. annual
meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology at Drumheller,
Alberta, Canada, October 1988; abstract published in the Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to No. 3, Vol. 8, Sept. 23, 1988.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 15, 1991
TO:
ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS
FROM: OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
195 OEOB, 202/456-2483
For your use and distribution.
PRESIDENTIAL WIRE
February 15, 1991
On Science and Math Education
President Bush's remarks to the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
"Technology may be the key to the future, but people are the key to
technology. The national education goals that we established with the nation's
governors explicitly recognizes this connection. One of our most ambitious goals is
for American students to be first in the world in science and math achievement by
the year 2000.
"Our budget includes substantial funding increases for math and science
education. But those math and science goals will never be achieved if they are seen
simply as goals for government alone. All sectors of society must recognize the
importance of scientific literacy and strive to achieve it."
"Last fall, we had 200 of the best mathematics and science teachers in the
country here to the White House. And more than a few of those teachers pointed
out that kids are natural-born scientists. They delight in the sheer pleasure of
learning new things, making something work, understanding the world."
"Sharing science's sense of adventure through education and outreach has never
been more important that now."
Washington, DC
February 15, 1991
For more information please contact the White House Office of Public Affairs at
202/456-2483.
NIST
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS
AND TECHNOLOGY
Covers. These micrographs were
Below. Recognizing the critical
produced using a new type of
role of quality to business,
optical surface imaging-
Congress created the Malcolm
scanning scattering micros-
Baldrige National Quality Award
copy-that can be used to
in 1987. Named after former
monitor and measure changes in
Secretary of Commerce
surface structure and micro-
Malcolm Baldrige, the award
topography with nanometer
honors American companies
height sensitivity. For example,
that achieve the highest level
it can measure and image the
of total quality management.
surface roughness of polished
Presented annually, the award
semiconductor wafers and
is intended to help motivate
detect individual surface
U.S. companies-both large
defects on these wafers.
and small-to improve their
total quality management,
including the quality of their
products and services. NIST
manages the award program
with the private sector.
NIST at a Glance
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
was established by Congress "to assist industry in the
development of technology
needed to improve
product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes,
to ensure product reliability,
and to facilitate rapid
commercialization
of products based on new scientific
discoveries."
A principal agency of the Commerce Department's Technology
Administration, NIST has as its goals: to aid U.S. industry
through research and services, to contribute to public health and
safety, and to support the U.S. scientific and engineering
research communities.
NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical
sciences and engineering, developing measurement techniques,
test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute
does generic and precompetitive research and development work
on new advanced technologies.
Sites
Gaithersburg, Md. (headquarters)
Boulder, Colo.
Budget
$350 million (est. all sources, 1990)
Staff
3,000 scientists, engineers, technicians, and
support personnel, plus some 1,000 visiting
scientists each year
Main
Chemical science and technology
Research
Physics
Areas
Materials science and engineering
Electronics and electrical engineering
Manufacturing engineering
Computer systems
Building technology
Steuben Glass
Fire safety
Computing and applied mathematics
A National Resource
The competition is intense: Make
products that are better, less expensive,
and more reliable-and get them to
market first-or lose out in the world
marketplace.
At the National Institute of Standards
and Technology, we provide U.S. in-
dustry with many of the tools it needs to
compete in world markets. NIST techni-
cal services and research programs are
helping companies become more effi-
cient, more productive. The Institute's
staff are working with hundreds of firms
of all sizes to build quality and innova-
tion into their operations. And we are
stepping up our efforts to help ensure
that U.S. industry can take commercial
advantage of emerging technologies.
Strategic partnerships-sharing costs
and risks-are essential in today's
tough marketplace. We know coopera-
tion pays. Since its founding in 1901 as
the National Bureau of Standards, the
Institute has teamed with thousands of
organizations. NIST-pioneered
innovations are incorporated in nearly
every line of products in our economy.
NIST is a national resource. | invite
and urge you to use our research and
NIST, Gaithersburg, Md. The
services.
Institute encourages the use of
its research and testing facili-
ties by industry, government,
John
and academia for cooperative
and proprietary research.
Among the facilities at the
Gaithersburg site are: a
John W. Lyons
20-megawatt research reactor
Director
with a cold neutron source, a
synchrotron ultraviolet radiation
facility, a metals processing
laboratory, an automated manu-
facturing research facility,
a fire research facility, and an
open systems interconnection
(OSI) security laboratory.
NIST researchers are developing
new techniques to help improve
building materials. One such
technique is a computer model
that can simulate how the
microstructure of concrete
develops during the setting
process. Models like this ulti-
mately will be used to predict
characteristics of concrete,
such as performance, strength,
and durability.
P.I.X.A.R
NIST has constructed the first
U.S. facility devoted to cold
neutron research, which will
give U.S. industry prime ac-
cess to one of the key tools of
modern materials science. The
15 experimental stations being
installed at the facility will be
available for use by outside
organizations. For example,
the neutron depth profiling
(NDP) instrument (near right) is
believed to be the most power-
ful dedicated NDP instrument
in the world. Using NDP,
researchers are able to make
accurate measurements of
impurities and dopants that
greatly affect the properties
and performance of new mate-
rials used in semiconductors
and other high-technology
products.
Donald Becker
NIST: A World-Class Partner
NIST contributes to the advance of tech-
nology through world-class science and
engineering research. Measurements,
testing procedures, quality assurance
methods, and innovations developed at
NIST have helped build the technical
infrastructure upon which much of the
U.S. economy rests.
Virtually all U.S. industries have bene-
fited-from machine tool to food proc-
essing to semiconductor manufacturing,
and from aerospace to construction to
biotechnology. Studies have opened new
lines of research, led to new scientific in-
struments and manufacturing methods,
and helped open new markets. Examples
range from neon signs to closed caption-
ing on television, from atomic clocks to
radio direction finders for planes.
NIST accomplishments are often "the
story behind the story," leading to im-
provements in measurement capability
In lightwave technology, elec-
and, ultimately, efficiency, reliability, and
trical energy is converted by
quality.
lasers to lightwaves, which are
sent through hair-thin strands
of glass. This process is used
Building on its technical expertise, NIST
in compact disk recordings and
optical character readers and
provides valued, neutral leadership in
will play a larger role in com-
munications in the future. For
national and international standards
the potential of optical com-
arenas. Staff members chair about
munication to be fully realized,
optical devices must be turned
10 percent of the 1,300 voluntary in-
on and off at the rate of a tril-
dustry standards committees on which
lion times a second. NIST
researchers are using lasers
they serve. They help achieve consensus
in a program to measure the
response speed of optical com-
among often fragmented business inter-
munication devices.
ests, furthering the competitive position
of U.S. industry in world commerce.
NIST researchers played a lead-
ing role in the development of
the microanalysis technique-
compositional mapping-that
uses digital computer tech-
nology coupled with electron
beam instruments to "map" the
distribution of chemical ele-
ments on sample surfaces.
Micrometer-scale analyses are
important in characterizing new,
high-technology materials such
as aluminum-lithium alloys,
high-temperature superconduc-
tors, and semiconductors. In the
ceramic material at right magne-
sium is black, vanadium blue,
and cobalt green.
In a leading-edge experiment,
NIST researchers laser-cooled a
mercury ion, confined in a radio
frequency "trap," to its funda-
mental limit. The work is impor-
tant for spectroscopy, a study
of the nature of matter through
various radiation it emits. The
result may be a highly sensitive
spectrum analyzer as well as
the basis for a new standard of
timekeeping.
Geoffrey Wheeler
Since the early 1970s, NIST has
been developing cost-effective
ways to help protect computer-
ized data. These methods
include sound management
practices as well as technical
solutions. NIST has devised a
prototype system for controlling
access to a computer system
that uses a password, a smart
card, a fingerprint reader, and
cryptography.
*51711
IDENTIA
PR
NIST
Intel
WYSE
Above left. Chlorofluorocarbons
Right. NIST provides the semi-
(CFCs)-a family of chemicals
conductor industry with the
used widely for refrigerants,
measurement methods and tech-
foam in building insulation,
nology necessary for the manu-
furniture, and car seats-are
facture of reliable, high-quality
breaking down the ozone layer,
chips. In one case, at the re-
which protects the Earth from
quest of industry, NIST re-
harmful levels of ultraviolet
searchers developed the
radiation from the Sun. NIST
technical basis for three test
scientists are measuring the
methods for evaluating elec-
chemical and physical proper-
tromigration, a serious failure
ties of alternative refrigerants
mechanism in semiconductor
to help industry find effective
integrated circuits.
replacements for CFCs. For
example, a new database called
REFPROP, issued by NIST
through its standard reference
data program, gives refrigera-
tion engineers, chemical and
equipment manufacturers, and
others a new research tool for
evaluating the performance of
refrigerants and refrigerant
mixtures.
Semiconductor Services
NIST Research:
A Strong Foundation
The research of NIST scientists and
engineers places them at the frontiers of
advanced technology. Advanced semi-
conductor devices. Optoelectronics.
Superconductors. Advanced materials-
ceramics, composites, polymers, new
alloys, and thin films. High-density data
storage. Advanced computing systems.
Digital imaging technology. Bio-
technology and bioprocessing.
NIST specialists are developing tech-
niques and instruments that will ulti-
mately determine whether technological
promise becomes commercial reality.
For example, they are working to ensure
that U.S. firms will be well prepared to
vie in the world market for biotechnology
products-predicted to total $40 billion
by the year 2000. NIST is helping to lay
the foundation for commercial-scale pro-
duction of bioengineered compounds.
Working with industry and
Much of NIST's R&D effort lies at the in-
the Navy, NIST researchers
designed and assembled a
creasingly fuzzy boundary between basic
state-of-the-art flexible manu-
facturing system for the Navy
and applied research, where commercial
shipyard at Mare Island, Calif.
spinoffs can follow on the heels of
This workstation (inset) is
capable of operating, largely
discovery. The continuing miniaturiza-
unattended, 24 hours a day,
tion of electronic devices and the build-
producing parts on demand for
nuclear submarines. Many of
ing of new materials atom by atom are
the advanced techniques used
in the workstation were devel-
two such areas.
oped in NIST's Automated Manu-
facturing Research Facility
Today, NIST studies of "laser-trapped"
(AMRF). The AMRF is an experi-
mental facility designed to
atoms or of the changing behavior of
study the application of
advanced robotic and computer-
molecules as they grow a few atoms at a
control techniques to small-
time are enhancing scientific under-
batch manufacturing. Pictured
here is the cleaning and debur-
standing. Tomorrow, this knowledge
ring workstation.
could be embodied in new products.
Researchers from NIST and the
502
Aluminum Association have
developed a process control
sensor (right) that rapidly meas-
SHIFT
ures the internal temperatures
of extruded aluminum as it is
produced. The sensor, which
----------
has performed successfully at
plant trials, should help alu-
/
minum manufacturers optimize
the quality and production of
extruded aluminum. The sensor
is being modified for use in
other types of aluminum pro-
duction, and can be adapted to
the production of other metals,
including steel (above).
NIST has organized a consor-
tium of industry and government
researchers with the goal of
developing a prototype auto-
mated analytical chemistry
laboratory. When completed,
the modular system will perform
the three major steps of a
chemical analysis: sample prep-
aration (dissolving by micro-
waves, as shown in the photo to
-
the left), separation, and detec-
tion. Though automation has
permeated numerous U.S. in-
dustries, the analytical labora-
tory has lacked the tools to
incorporate automation. The
consortium aims to change this
by producing a generic labora-
tory that can be adapted readily
by members for their individual
needs. Each day more than 250
million chemical analyses, at
an annual cost of $50 billion,
are made in this country in
fields such as medicine, the en-
vironment, and food products.
Thousands of biological tissue
samples and environmental
specimens are being preserved
in the NIST Biomonitoring Speci-
men Bank for future analysis.
The bank is especially valuable
for determining pollutants pres-
ent in the environment at a
given place and time.
Diamond-tool turning and grind-
ing machines are the acme of
precision manufacturing tools,
capable of machining high-
precision optical finishes
without additional polishing
(such as on this copper mirror
for a laser system). NIST re-
searchers and their indus-
trial partners are working on
improved methods of monitoring
and controlling diamond turning
machines to improve the preci-
sion and production of highly
efficient optics such as mirrors
for laser welders.
NIST researchers have joined
with industry to develop the
measurement methods and
scientific basis for process
monitoring sensors, control
models, and other tools manu-
Below. A laser and radio-
facturers need to increase the
chromic sensors form the basis
speed and reliability with which
of a NIST-designed system that
polymer composite materials
could be used to monitor, in
are processed. As part of this
real time, a number of widely
effort, model materials with
used industrial radiation
special fiber surface treatments
processes, such as polymer
are prepared (left) to study the
curing, sterilization of medical
effect of process changes on
devices, or semiconductor hard-
composite performance.
ening tests.
Left. Computer models devel-
oped by NIST researchers make
it possible to duplicate real
fires without having to burn a
room or building. One such
model, called HAZARD I, makes
it possible to predict the spread
of smoke, toxic gases, and heat
from a fire in a room to other
parts of a building. These mod-
els give engineers, architects,
building owners, and others the
knowledge to improve fire
safety at reduced costs.
the
Left. Integrated Services Digital
Above. More accurate measure-
Network-ISDN-is a telecom-
ments of cholesterol in food are
munications technology used to
possible using the standard ref-
send and receive voice, data,
erence material developed by
and pictures simultaneously
researchers from NIST, the Col-
over digital telephone lines,
lege of American Pathologists,
which are increasingly high-
and the U.S. Department of Agri-
capacity fiber-optic transmis-
culture. For example, this mate-
sion systems. NIST is working
rial was used as the quality
with both manufacturers and
control material in a nationwide
prospective users of this tech-
study of the cholesterol content
nology to ensure that ISDN prod-
of eggs. The study showed pre-
ucts and services from different
viously accepted values to be in
manufacturers and vendors are
error, and new, more accurate
compatible and that they meet
values were determined.
users' needs.
Cooperation, Naturally
Results-oriented cooperation. That has
always been NIST's way of doing busi-
ness. The Institute's focus on industrial
problems was the catalyst for some of
the nation's first research consortia.
Since the 1920s, industrial researchers
have been coming to the Institute to use
its vast array of research instruments
and testing equipment and to work with
its technical specialists, many of whom
are the recognized leaders in their fields.
Now, through cooperative research and
development agreements, companies
can be assigned the rights to intellectual
property resulting from collaborations.
And from the start, firms have depended
heavily on NIST technical services.
Ninety of the nation's 100 most R&D-
intensive firms now use NIST measure-
ment or data services; 27 of the top 50
have placed researchers at the Institute
during the last 10 years. In all, NIST staff
members are involved in over 1,100
The NIST-developed near-field
scanning technique to char-
collaborations. Any U.S. firm-large or
acterize high-performance
microwave antennas used for
small-is eligible to collaborate with
communication, radar, and
NIST on projects of mutual interest.
navigation has revolutionized
the measurement of antenna
performance. The near-field
Research results-disseminated
method predicts the signal that
will occur kilometers from an
through an annual output of 3,000
antenna by making careful
publications and technical talks and
measurements very near it. The
NIST near-field antenna meas-
more than 100 major, Institute-hosted
urement facility, located in
Boulder, Colo., is available for
conferences and workshops-have
use on either a cooperative or
concrete applications, either today or
reimbursable basis by industry,
government, and academia.
tomorrow.
Geoffrey Wheeler
14
Left. This NIST cone calorimeter
provides data critical to predict-
ing the fire hazard of a product
using a small sample of mate-
rial-replacing time-consuming
and expensive full-scale tests.
The U.S.-based ASTM has
adopted a voluntary fire hazard
test method based on the instru-
ment. It also is being con-
sidered as the basis for a
standard test method by the
International Organization for
Standardization.
Wide World Photos, Inc.
Left. NIST scientists are
Above. Investigating the
developing the measurement in-
October 1989 Loma Prieta earth-
formation industry needs to pro-
quake in California, NIST re-
duce diamond films with many
searchers concluded that deep,
of the properties of natural dia-
unstable soil deposits played a
mond. The physical and chemi-
major role in the damage to
cal properties of diamond make
buildings and "lifelines"-
it a highly desirable material for
bridges, highways, and water
aerospace products, electron-
and gas pipelines. As part of
ics, and industrial equipment.
the National Earthquake
The goal of the NIST research is
Hazards Reduction Program,
to characterize the production
NIST conducts research and pro-
processes, the structure, and
vides technical support to the
other properties of diamond
private sector and government
films to help industry produce
agencies working to improve
high-quality, high-performance
the performance of buildings
advanced materials.
and other structures subjected
to earthquakes.
1 $ DEPARTMENT or COMMERCE
325 BROADWAY
For More Information
Chemical science and technology
Harry S. Hertz
A309 Chemistry Bldg., 301/975-3145
Physics
Katharine B. Gebbie
B160 Physics Bldg., 301/975-4201
Materials science and engineering
Lyle H. Schwartz
B309 Materials Bldg., 301/975-5658
Electronics and electrical engineering
Judson C. French
B358 Metrology Bldg., 301/975-2220
Manufacturing engineering
John A. Simpson
B322 Metrology Bldg., 301/975-3400
Computer systems
James H. Burrows
B154 Technology Bldg., 301/975-2822
Building technology
Richard N. Wright
B250 Building Research Bldg., 301/975-5901
Fire safety
Jack E. Snell
A247 Polymer Bldg., 301/975-6850
Computing and applied mathematics
Francis E. Sullivan
A438 Administration Bldg., 301/975-2732
Technology services
Donald R. Johnson
A363 Physics Bldg., 301/975-4500
General inquiries
Peggy M. Saunders
E128 Administration Bldg., 301/975-3058
Note: All addresses at NIST, Gaithersburg, Md. 20899
NIST
COULTER
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Introduction
Millions of tests are performed
every day - all over the world -
on COULTER® equipment. In hospi-
tal, clinical, research, and industrial
laboratories, COULTER instruments
provide vital information. Diagnos-
ing disease, controlling the quality
of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,
measuring air contamination and
moon dust are but a few of the many
applications. Doctors, medical
technologists, researchers and sci-
entists have relied on COULTER
instruments for over thirty years.
The CoulterPrinciple-WallaceH
Coulter's discovery for counting
and sizing microscopic particles —
is the basis for that trust.
The Principle became a family of
companies
the Coulter corpo-
rations. A leader in technological
innovation, Coulter produces prod-
ucts and services for patient care,
scientific, research and industrial
applications.
Coulter- a worldwide corpora-
tion- designs, manufactures, sells
and services instruments and sup-
plies for the healthcare and other
industries.
Yet the search continues. Coulter
scientists constantly seek new ways
to apply the Company's knowledge
and skill. Areas of particular exper-
tise include hematology, chemistry,
immunology, particle counting and
flow cytometry.
The following is a glimpse into
the future
Coulter's commit-
ment to the betterment of mankind.
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Wallace H. Coulter and Joseph R.
Coulter, Jr. co-founded the Coulter
companies worldwide. As chairman
and president (respectively) they
continue their leadership roles in the
growth and development of the
Corporation.
"Wfaster make it easier,
more reliable
than ever before to diagnose
disease. The patient will be the
ultimate beneficiary."
Wallace H. Coulter
1
Genesis
The Search Begins.
The year was 1947. In a private
counting and sizing microscopic
demands and problems of the labo-
home laboratory, during his free
particles. Indeed, it is estimated that
ratory environment. Over the years,
time, Wallace Coulter built elec-
95% of all blood cell counters in use
with countless new ideas and dis-
tronic devices and experimented
today have been made by Coulter or
coveries, Coulter has demonstrated
with a variety of novel ideas. One,
are copies based on the Coulter
its ability to meet the strictest
in particular, would lead to the first
Principle. Not only was the princi-
requirements.
viable method of counting and
ple the cornerstone for a company
Daily, COULTER instruments sig-
three-dimensional sizing of micro-
- Coulter Electronics - it also
nificantly impact the detection,
scopic particles
the Coulter
launched an industry
automated
treatment and prevention of disease
Principle.
hematology instrumentation.
in such areas as: early detection of
Wallace Coulter's discovery made
it possible, for the first time, to
count and size biological cells or
industrial particles at a rate of sev-
eral thousand per second. This
achievement earned him two of the
Tin Chicaso,ing started
highest awards given for scientific
corner of
excellence. In 1960, he received the
John Scott Award, which recog-
my basement. Today, Coulter
nizes an individual whose invention
has benefited mankind. Other
provides the means to diagnose
recipients of this award include:
Thomas Edison, Marie Curie, Gug-
disease all over the world.
lielmo Marconi, Orville Wright and
Wallace H. Coulter
Jonas Salk.
In 1980, the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers, Inc. pre-
This discovery changed the prac-
leukemia by rapid, accurate white
sented him with the Morris E. Leeds
tice of medicine. Now, in a matter
blood cell differentiation; diabetes
Award for "an outstanding contri-
of minutes, patient blood analysis
control, through faster and more
bution in the field of electrical
results are available to the physician
accurate glucose analysis; T/B cell
measurement."
to indicate or confirm a diagnosis.
analysis and tumor marker studies
Treatment can begin immediately.
in cancer research and treatment.
Years of experimenting.
From a single moment of discov-
Before the honors, came the
Innovative response.
ery in humble surroundings, an
experimentation. It was five years
Coulter, as a company, is unique
innovative corporation has risen to
before the first commercial instru-
in its diversification; it matches tech-
take its place among the world's
ment was produced
and a pat-
nology to the needs of medicine. As
leaders in healthcare.
ent for the principle secured. Today,
an example, clinicians and research-
the Coulter Principle is the most
ers have a variety of techniques in
widely used method in the world for
cell analysis from which to choose.
Coulter understands the urgencies,
2
ROOM EMERGENCY
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EMERGENCY
215
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70
Coulter People
Searching with a Sense of Future.
The search continues worldwide.
Over 5,000 Coulter employees
to help all Coulter people share new
It covers a spectrum of disciplines
express their confidence through
information on clinical procedures
that affect the diagnostic process.
personal loyalty and commitment.
and applications.
Computer experts, administrative
More than half boast of 10 or more
personnel and service engineers all
years of service.
Quality people with ideas.
work to support Coulter scientists
It's Coulter employees, commu-
as they seek answers to complex
Customers who contribute.
nicating with customers - teach-
medical diagnostic problems.
Coulter customers are the most
ing, learning, sharing experiences- -
important (and largest) group of
that make COULTER products spe-
People with pride.
Coulter people. For many, the asso-
cial. Indeed, Coulter's success has
It's Coulter people - all over the
ciation started in the classroom.
come from its ability to translate cus-
world - working with common
There, they learned to count cells
tomer needs into viable products.
goals, who have kept the Company
on a COULTER counter. When they
Throughout the world, Coulter
people design, manufacture and dis-
tribute diagnostic systems for over
"The success is teamwork.
real secret to our
80 percent of the world's clinical
laboratories. Coulter's total system
approach provides its customers
with quality products and services.
When you walk into a room
you can feel it.
Joseph R. Coulter, Jr.
at the leading edge of technology.
moved on to hospital, research and
Each person contributes to product
industrial laboratories, again, there
success and to the continued success
were COULTER counters. And the
of the Company. Each new product
association continues: with Coulter
is the result of a team effort. These
operator training programs in Coul-
efforts are reinforced by the com-
ter classrooms, with manuals and
mitment of management to further
audio-visual programs, and with
strengthen the Company's leader-
workshops to help operators share
ship role in its chosen areas of
work experiences. Also, with semi-
healthcare and science.
nars where experts share research
findings with colleagues; with
newsletters and other communiques
4
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A Worldwide Search
The search, begun in Chicago,
one chemistry analyzer came from
spread around the world. Wallace
R&D efforts in England; while
and Joseph Coulter found the best
another, sold in 72 countries, was
scientific, engineering, manufactur-
designed in France.
ing, sales and service people avail-
able. As a result, the Coulter
Quality products
worldwide.
Corporation has been international
All COULTER instrument manu-
for almost as long as it's been a com-
facturing facilities produce systems
pany. Coulter Electronics, Inc. and
which meet the highest performance
Coulter Sales Corporation were
specifications
instruments that
"The phrase 'Quality Counts'
been associated with
this company for a long time
with good reason.
Joseph R. Coulter, Jr.
incorporated in 1958. Coulter Elec-
set industry standards. Specially
tronics, Ltd. was founded in
developed COULTER reagents help
England a year later. In 1962, fifteen
to keep these instruments at their
companies were established with-
peak performance levels. To insure
in five continents, including
reagent quality and integrity, manu-
Coultronics in France. In addition,
facturing sites have been established
COULTER products and services are
around the globe.
available through a network of more
Each day, laboratorians in all
than 80 distributor organizations
parts of the world rely on COULTER
around the globe.
reagent and instrument systems to
produce the diagnostic information
Shared efforts
quality work.
clinicians depend on to make urgent
Part of the Company's strength
medical decisions.
has been its internationality - its
ability to share the fruits of indepen-
dent research among all locations.
For example, the original design for
6
Coulter Worldwide
Coulter Main offices and
Manufacturing facilities.
Coulter Sales and
Services offices.
Coulter World Headquarters.
The Search for Answers Through Biotechnology.
In an age of cost containment,
In clinical chemistry.
The Coulter tradition of combin-
speed and accuracy in medical diag-
COULTER systems analyze
ing disciplines to solve medical
nosis is often the key to a successful
patients' blood, providing doctors
problems is clearly seen in this clini-
treatment regime. Coulter's techno-
with rapid diagnostic or therapeutic
cal area. COULTER monoclonal anti-
logical leadership is a significant
drug monitoring information.
bodies and flow cytometry systems
factor in reducing costs while
Hundreds of assays per hour, for a
are used together to quickly and
improving patient treatment.
variety of tests, are performed auto-
accurately produce complete, con-
Indeed, in this area, COULTER
instruments have consistently led
the way for the entire industry.
The routine clinical laboratory,
where once only basic tests were
performed, now produces sophisti-
O
ur strength lies in the
cated tests, formerly reserved for
breadth of our technical
research laboratories. Coulter has
made a significant contribution to
talents
in our ability to solve
this transition.
problems."
In clinical hematology.
Wallace H. Coulter
Automated COULTER systems
produce hundreds of complete
blood analyses every day. It would
matically, accurately, reliably and
cise patient immunology profiles.
require several technologists, work-
cost effectively.
Also, by combining advanced
ing full time to keep up with the out-
laser technology with two proprie-
put of just one of today's COULTER
In clinical cellular immunology.
tary technologies - the Coulter
counters. In hospitals, medical cen-
Clinicians need powerful tools to
Principle, and high frequency con-
ters, and reference laboratories,
meet the challenges of diseases such
ductivity analysis - cell population
COULTER systems detect blood cell
as AIDS, leukemia and lymphoma.
studies are significantly enhanced.
abnormalities which help physi-
COULTER flow cytometry systems
cians diagnose disease or monitor
combine advanced laser and com-
In research laboratories.
follow-up therapy.
puter technologies to examine thou-
Coulter has proven its ability to
In physicians' offices, COULTER
sands of cells per second. Data on
find solutions for difficult medical
systems produce diagnostic infor-
cell structure, size and DNA con-
diagnostic problems. And it will
mation so rapidly, the doctor has
tent is vital in the detection and
continue to assist research scientists
a patient's results before the exami-
treatment of cellular disease.
in exploring new frontiers - in can-
nation ends.
cer detection and therapy, chromo-
some analysis for genetic studies,
and cellular immunology.
8
Coulter has invested over a dec-
ade in laser technology research.
The result: Researchers can now
sort and analyze cells in minutes
instead of months. Similar invest-
ments in hematology and immunol-
ogy research are opening new areas
for investigation. Studies of cell
kinetics in both normal and tumor
populations are now economically
feasible. Other projects investigate
characterization of specific cellular
enzymes, cell surface markers,
5
hematopoiesis, and tissue transplant
rejection.
24
25
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CH2
C
H
14
H
H
9
The Search Beyond Medicine
The result of Coulter technology
In process control.
is found in diverse fields throughout
The success or failure of many
the world. Particle size measure-
manufacturing operations often
ment and characterization are vital
depends on the consistency of raw
to the production of safe, consistent
material particle size. Costly pro-
consumer products and to the
duction errors and wasted labor are
development of new products and
technologies.
In quality control.
Industrial applications include
quality control of food, clothing,
"Industries Coulter for help
over the world
paints, perfumes, chemicals, elec-
tronic components, biologicals and
pharmaceuticals.
in making better products.
Joseph R. Coulter, Jr.
Copiers
controlling consistency
of the toner.
prevented by timely reporting of
Chocolate
making it smooth
vital data from COULTER analyzers
and creamy.
such as: the size of cocoa bean
Paint
improving quality of the
grindings to produce sweet or bitter
pigment.
chocolate; mica size for shiny lip-
Cosmetics
assuring that face
stick; polystyrene particles to make
powder clings.
paint adhere; latex particle carrier
systems for monoclonal antibodies.
Photographic film
allowing
more precise light-sensitive emul-
In research and development.
sions.
For almost 30 years, investigators
have relied on COULTER instru-
Beverages
producing quality fil-
tration in beer and wine.
ments for precise accurate measure-
ments to help expand scientific
Aerospace
analyzing moon
knowledge.
dust; identifying contaminants in
On the frontiers of research, from
hydraulic fluids.
analyzing moon dust to analyzing
Pharmaceuticals
assuring the
phytoplankton, (unicellular sea
correct consistency of tablets.
plants, a basic link in the marine
food chain), Coulter will continue
its commitment to excellence and
to the development of the techno-
logies of the future.
10
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OTATE
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Searching to Better Serve
O,,
ur customer service
begins the moment that
someone orders one of our
products."
Wallace H. Coulter
Whether in the research, quality
Coulter Education Centers reach
control or medical laboratory, all
out to every customer. Language
Coulter customers share in the
specific, hands-on training - con-
"proactive" approach to service.
ducted by professional instructors
The goal is to provide complete and
- assures efficient operation of the
continuing customer support.
most sophisticated systems. Sym-
Educating and training every cus-
posia, seminars and special publica-
tomer is fundamental to Coulter's
tions are also available to Coulter
success. Virtually every teaching
customers.
hospital, medical school and re-
search laboratory has benefited
from Coulter education.
Coulter's quality control systems
are integral components of cus-
tomer support. Laboratories using
these systems reach a higher level of
performance. In addition, Coulter
factory-trained and certified techni-
cal representatives are available
whenever needed.
12
Epilogue
Coulter continues its commit-
ment to excellence by bringing the
best instruments, diagnostics and
services to the healthcare industry
and to other industries utiliz-
ing the same technologies. Future
growth will come from Coulter's
continued interaction with clini-
cians and researchers, who chal-
lenge the established disciplines.
Seeking solutions will keep the
Coulter Corporation at the leading
edge of technology
in position
to improve existing products and
to provide the discoveries of
tomorrow.
This is Coulter's commitment.
The search continues
Designed by Gary Singer Communications
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We will cation to be
our
advancement of medical science.
We will fulfill our responsibility
to the community."
Wallace H. Coulter
Coulter Corporation
Coulter Electronics of Canada, Ltd.
Coulter Scientific Japan Ltd.
Hialeah, Florida, USA
Burlington, Canada
Tokyo, Japan
Coulter Electronics, Inc.
Coulter Electronics Ltd.
Coulter Electronics (Kenya) Ltd.
Hialeah, Florida, USA
Luton, England
Nairobi, Kenya
Coulter Leasing Corporation
Coultronics France, S.A.
Coulter de Mexico S.A. DE C.V.
Hialeah, Florida, USA
Margency, France
Mexico City, Mexico
Coulter Electronics of New England, Inc.
Coulter Electronics GmbH
Coulter Electronics Sales of P.R., Inc.
Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
Krefeld, West Germany
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Coulter Electronica, S.A.
Coulter Electronics (HK) Ltd.
Coulter Cientifica S.A.
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hong Kong
Madrid, Spain
Coulter Electronics Pty. Ltd.
Coulter Scientific SPA
Coulter Electronics, S.A.
New South Wales, Australia
Milan, Italy
Caracas, Venezuela
Coulter Electronics Ind. & Com., Ltda.
Japan Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Tokyo, Japan
COULTER
®
WORLD HEADQUARTERS
600 West 20th Street, Hialeah, Florida 33010-2428 USA
305-885-0131
ID 404689143
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READY
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Printed in USA (4203217-4C)
-
COULTER®
STKS
Hematology
System
COULTER
®
HEMATOLOGY
Scanning electron micrograph of densely packed red blood cells in
a capillary, the smallest vessel, made up exclusively of endothelial
cells. Magnification 600X.
The COULTER STKS Hematology
System. Simply Superior in Every Way.
Whether you're looking for proven-in-use, walk-
away technology or superior cellular classification,
the COULTER STKS is the only hematology system
proven worldwide to be the best at both. Its rapid,
global acceptance by over 1,000 hematology labo-
ratories in its first year, proves that COULTER hema-
tology instruments continue to outperform any
and all alternatives.
Singular, superior features in a fully-
automated system:
The only system with FAIL-SAFE:
- Positive Sample I.D.
- Positive Cassette Position I.D.
- Aspiration Integrity Verification.
The only instrument with proven auto-
sampling robotics.
The only instrument performing multi-
technology white cell classification on
near-native cells, measured directly in a
single channel.
The only instrument to study over 8,000 white
cells for every differential examination.
The only instrument with independent,
triple apertures for WBC, RBC and
platelet enumeration.
The only instrument with no routine maintenance.
The only instrument to offer 6 workload
scheduling options.
The only system that automatically separates
normal and abnormal reports using the
Auto-Reporter 3.
The most advanced computer power applied
to hematology.
0 to 24-hour sample stability.
Backed by an Interlaboratory Quality Assurance
Program of over 8,500 participants.
The industry's # 1-rated service organization.
1
Coulter Milestones in the
Technologic Integration for a
Complete Cell Analysisᵀ Concept.
1953 COULTER COUNTER® Model A.
1968 COULTER Model S Series.
1970 Conductivity Patent.
1978 COULTER S-PLUS Series Instruments with
whole blood automated platelet counts.
1978 Immunology R&D begins.
1980 COULTER S-PLUS II with automated Lymph
% and # and aperture burn circuit. Mab
products introduced.
1983 COULTER S-PLUS IV with Histogram
Differential: Automated Mononuclears,
Lymphocytes & Granulocytes. Advanced
Data Management: Automated Operation
& QC.
1984 Automated Closed-Vial Sampling.
1985 Clinical Flow Cytometer.
1986 COULTER STKR with Automated Differen-
tial Interpretive Report.
1987 Complete Cell Analysis Concept - Inte-
grated Hematologic, Immunologic and
Flow Cytometric Analysis. Incorporation of
differential capability onto T-Series Instruments.
1987 VCS Technology to study volume, conductivity,
light scatter and opacity of white blood
cells in their near-native state.
1988 COULTER Q-Prep Immunology Work-
station for standardizing sample prep
in immunophenotyping.
1989 Introduction of the COULTER STKS System
to provide a complete hemogram and dif-
ferential in a fully-automated, walkaway,
high-volume analyzer. Introduction of the
COULTER DNA-Prep System for standardiz-
ing sample prep in DNA content analysis.
1990 COULTER™ CYTO-TROL™ Control Cells,
the first in vitro diagnostic control for
flow cytometry.
1991 COULTER MAXM System.
2
Scanning electron micrograph of blood cells in a venous sinusoid in
bone marrow, magnified 1,000 times. In addition to the developing
red and white blood cells, the elongated cell in the lumen is a pro-
platelet ribbon of cytoplasm from a megakaryocyte. Fat cells are
rendered yellow. A small arteriole is seen crosscut at upper left.
Singular, Superior Features
on the STKS System.
Unloading Bay - complete,
Triple Apertures for maximum
Loading Bay - accommodates
identified and audited samples
throughput and counting accuracy.
144 samples.
are positively linked to cassette
position.
COULTER
FAIL-SAFE features:
Self-Cleaning Blood Sampling
Laser Bench.
- Sample tube and cassette
Valve requires no maintenance.
position bar codes read at
Hydrodynamically focused VCS
time of aspiration.
Proven Auto-Sampling Robotics
Flow Cell for volume, conduc-
- Dual Blood Detectors ensure
assures continuous sample
tivity, light scatter and opacity
aspiration integrity.
processing and technologist
measurements. Autopurge and
protection from aerosols.
Autoclear ensure flow cell integrity.
4
High Resolution Scatterplot -
Comprehensive sample information
presents a variety of displays to
view discrete white cell populations.
Each display represents a differ-
ent view of the 3-dimensional
plot as it is rotated on its axis.
Graphic Printer with color or
black and white customized
report capabilities.
A
COULTER
Data Management System -
Versatile, friendly PC offers help
screens and overlapping "window"
menu screens for easy operation
and training; color displays for
all screens; plenty of storage
capacity; and open-ended, add-
on potential.
5
High-Productivity Sample Processing.
MEMATOLOGY
1. Identify samples and tickets through
5. Positive sample I.D. Bar code is read on
bar coding.
sample tube and linked to bar-coded
cassette position at exact time of
aspiration to eliminate error.
2. Load samples randomly into
6. Retrieve finished reports automatically
12-unit cassettes.
separated into normals and abnormals
from the optional Auto-Reporter 3.
3. Stack in STKS loading bay.
7. Stats in secondary mode for micro-
sample volumes. Stats may also be
analyzed in closed-vial sampling mode
using single cassettes. You can interrupt
auto-processing at any time for stats
without losing data.
7
4
5
6
1
2
3
0
ID
4. Press Start. The STKS begins to produce
results in less than one minute. In one
hour, find 109 samples fully analyzed,
including differentials.
6
User-Defined, Sample Processing
and Workflow.
Walkaway sample processing -
safe and simple.
The STKS features Coulter's proven-in-use
sampling robotics that ensure thorough sample
mixing and unattended sample processing. The
STKS loading bay accommodates 144 tubes in a
12 X 12 cassette configuration. Once processing
begins, all instrument functions are computer-
monitored, including bar code reading and match-
ing to sample reports, sample integrity checks,
and automatic extended counting for cytopenic
samples. Results are even separated into normals
and abnormals in the Auto-Reporter 3. You can
easily retrieve abnormals for follow-up.
The system is extremely easy to run, and requires
only 4 reagents, plus COULTER CLENZ® Cleaning
Agent. Even system calibration is automated by the
computer, and a service call is not required.
Flexibility in Workflow Management.
The STKS offers you 6 different options for
workflow handling:
1. Real-time autoscheduling
- using bar code labels.
- using cassette position.
2. Pre-assigned worklist with demographics
- done manually.
- done by the host LIS.
3. Post-assigned worklist.
4. Post-assignment with demographics via
Data Base.
Other features that make the STKS
totally walkaway:
Positive sample I.D.
Proven auto-sampling - over 3,000 installations.
Dual aspiration detectors, placed before
and after the blood sampling valve, ensure
sample integrity.
Continuous computer monitoring of
instrument performance.
7
Flexibility in Reporting.
The latest software enhancements on the STKS
System provide flexible reporting options to meet
a variety of laboratory needs.
Ability to edit reports and comment on
patient files.
User-Definable Patient Report provides a
chartable report from the graphic printer
or the traditional ticket printout.
Color-coded workload recording with
graphic plotting.
Worklist Integrity Checks capture manual
transcription errors.
Expandable, User-Definable Patient Demographics.
Sophisticated QC - simple to use, easy
to understand.
Over eight sample identifiers for additional security:
1. Positive bar code sample I.D.
2. Patient name.
3. Automatic sequence #.
4. Positive bar code cassette position.
5. Date and time of collection.
6. Date and time of processing.
7. Date of birth.
8. Additional patient demographics.
You'll get an excellent report.
The Coulter Hematology Cell Classification
provides the most specific, sensitive cell
classification report available. It includes white
cell, red cell and platelet abnormalities and also
quantifies (+,++,+++) anisocytosis, microcytosis,
macrocytosis, hypochromia and poikilocytosis.
This improved cell classification saves labor -
by reducing the number of manual differentials -
and helps the operator focus on areas of concern
on the peripheral blood smear to increase their
efficiency in confirmation of abnormalities.
Definitive flags and high and low action limits
are laboratory adjustable.
8
Chartable Report.
Laboratory Report.
02/05/91
10:48:53
DC EDWARDS M.D.
02/04/91
16:53:22
DC EDWARDS M.D.
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
N31256
OPR
West Main Street
N31256
OPR
West Main Street
(555) 555 1234
Anytown, Anystate
(555) 555 1234
Anytown, Anystate
WBC
RBC
Date of Birth 04/13/1943
Sex M
User field
ESR RETICS
Location
MEDICAL
3
1
2
User field FERRITIN TESTS
Physician HURST R.R.
User field 3 REQUESTED
V
REL#
Date & Time 12/04/90 06:55
Comments ANEMIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN RESULTS TO PHYSICIAN ASAP
0
ID# 1 89189876691
WBC
3.8
RBC
4.25
ID# 2 ADAMS, SAMUEL
L
%
#
HGB
11.0
50
100
200
300 fL
Sequence #
NE
2.4
HCT
33.6
FFFFF
U
LY
27.3
1.0
L
MCV
79.0
DATE:
12/04/90
MO
6.7
0.3
MCH
25.9
TIME:
07:07:26
EO
M
2.6
0.1
MCHC
32.8
PLT
Cass/pos
002001
BA
1.1
0.0
RDW
13.2
E
3
Abnormal WBC Pop
PLT
281
REL#
Abnormal RBC Pop
MPV
9.1
Normal PLT Pop
DF 1
2
10
20
30 fL
ID# 1
89189876691
4
WBC
3.8
ID# 2
ADAMS, SAMUEL
8
RBC
4.25
%
HGB
11.0
L
Sequence #
NE
62.2
2.4
HCT
33.6
L
LY
27.3
1.0
L
MCV
79.0
L
Date: 12/04/90
5
MO
6.7
0.3
MCH
25.9
L
Time: 07:07:26
EO
2.6
0.1
MCHC
32.8
L
Cass/pos
002001
BA
1.1
0.0
RDW
13.2
10
Abnorma
WBC
Pop
Comments
PLT
281
Abnorma RBC Pop
6
7
ANEMIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
MPV
9.1
Normal PLT Pop
RESULTS TO PHYSICIAN
9
ASAP
1. WBC scatterplot.
6. Sample status.
2. RBC histogram.
7. Comment field.
3. Platelet histogram.
8. Differential results
4. Sample I.D. and
in # & %.
demographics.
9. RBC and plt results.
5. Date and time of
10. High and low action flags.
sample analysis.
Suspect and Definitive flag
information is operator selectable.
Coulter Classification Chart
WBCs
RBCs
Platelets
Instrument-Defined
Immature Grans/Bands
Nucleated RBCs
Platelet Clumps
Suspect
Classifications:
Variant Lymphs
Dimorphic RBC
Giant Platelets
(Lab Report Only)
Blasts
Population
Micro RBCs/RBC
Review Slide
Fragments
RBC Agglutination
User-Defined
Leukopenia
Anisocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Abnormalities:
(Quantitative +, ++, +++)
Definitive Flags
Thrombocytosis
(Lab Report Only)
Leukocytosis
Microcytosis
Large Platelets
(Quantitative +, ++, +++)
Neutropenia
Small Platelets
Macrocytosis
Neutrophilia
(Quantitative +, ++, +++)
Lymphopenia
Hypochromia
(Quantitative +, ++, +++)
Lymphocytosis
Poikilocytosis
(Quantitative +, ++, +++)
Monocytosis
Anemia
Eosinophilia
Erythrocytosis
Basophilia
Pancytopenia
User-Defined
All WBC Parameters
All RBC Parameters
All Platelet Parameters
High and Low
Action Limits
(Chartable
Report Only)
9
Help Instructions
Select CBC + Diff or CBC
Run Controls
Analyze Control
Print Control
Delete Control
Help Instructions
Select & View File
Control Analysis
Review/Print Control
Print Control Files
Delete Control
Restore Control
Help Instructions
Review Graphs
Select & View File
Print Graphs
Help Instructions
Control Files
Action Limits
Definitive Limits
Set Up Functions
XB Limits
*Display Formats
*Select Primary Identifier(s)
*Customized Patient Report
Reagent Lot No., Exp. Date
Communication Interface Protocol
Help Instructions
Maintenance File
Repair File
Reproducibility Test
Special Functions
System Diagnostics
Carryover Test
Auto-Reporter Test
*Workload Recording
Print Files
Modem Data Link Service
Help Instructions
Reproducibility Test
Calibration
Carryover Test
Auto-Verification
Auto-Calibration
12
User-Friendly Interface.
Help Instructions
CBC or CBC + Diff
Print Ticket
Run Patients
*Print Customized Report
Display DF2, DF3 Views
Display Single Aperture Data
Go to the Data Base
Help Instructions
Save Patient File
Sample Analysis
Data Base Query
Recall Patient File
Batch for Print or Host Transmission
*Edit Patient File: demographics,
results, comments
*Review Data while Batch Processing
Delete Data Base
Help Instructions
Real-Time Auto-Scheduling
Bar Code Label
*Cassette / Position
*Pre-Assigned Worklist (includes
Schedule Work
demographics and comments)
*Manual
*By Host LIS (bi-directional)
Post-Assigned Worklist
*Post-Assignment via Data Base
Bar Code Label
Print Sequential Number
Print Unique Number
Help Instructions
Patient XB
View Current Batch and Mean
View Graphs
Help Instructions
Auto Start-up & Shut-down
Print Documentation Log
*Repeat Background Count
* Available with optional DMS Enhancement Software Package
11
Lightning-Fast Data Acquisition
and Storage.
The superior Data Management System of the
VGA
STKS gives you the most advanced computing
Graphics
power applied to hematology.
Support
Powerful 16 MHz 386 Microprocessor
32-bit computer platform
4 MB on-board RAM
Multiple Math Coprocessors
High performance disk subsystem
40 MB hard disk drive
3.5" 1.44 MB Floppy Drive
Full alphanumeric keyboard
Single button start-up
Set user-defined flags.
initiates a full system
REAGENT
DATES
TEST
03/31/89
limit
limit
limit
limit
Access workload report.
check, while you
HCT
HCT
walk away.
MCV
MCV
MCH
22.57
29.52
PCT
VDC
11.8
PDW
1. Start-Up
5. User-Defined Flags
Comprehensive quality
Selectable graphic printer
FILE
control program for
RESULTS
format provides backup
accurate results.
report to ticket printer or
Provides 15 controls files
to host LIS.
of 100 lines each
13.9
Format a chartable report
- Trend Analysis
Character
as a primary report.
Windows for Controls
Format a report just for
(Shown).
laboratory use.
- Levey-Jennings Graphs.
ALL
RESERVED
F1-Help
F4-Print
- XB Analysis.
2. Controls
6. Format Customized Report
Worklist generation
Customize primary and
provides flexibility
Cass/pos
Sequence
Current
Entries
secondary identifiers to
in workflow.
Cass/pos
Status
Primary
match your workflow.
IDENTIFIERS
Choose a primary
identifier and select from
1
buffer
a wide range of optional
secondary identifiers.
STKS matches sample
ALL RESERVED
against tube bar code
and/or cassette position
3. Sample Analysis
7. Positive Sample I.D.
number.
and Security
Data Base Query pro-
Easy interface to link
vides immediate access
JAMES
uni- or bi-directionally
Cass/pos
to 1,000 patient results,
Status
Birth
Timeout (secs)
to host LIS.
including all displays.
Time
Parity
ASTM protocol helps
Patient results and demo-
Stop
protect many labs against
Edited data
Handshake
graphics can be edited.
Block
258
major software rewrites
Data Base sorting and
for host computer interface.
batch processing
Press
(7P115)
improve laboratory
F1-Help
F2-Choice
efficiency.
4. Data Base
8. Interface
10
Intuitively-Designed Data
Management Software.
STKS software is easy-to-use.
Powerful DMS allows easy software
upgrade capabilities.
User-friendly software with help screens
reduces training time.
Pull-down and pop-up menus eliminate
confusion of where you are in the software.
User-friendly color graphics and simple data
formats make information easy-to-interpret.
Alpha entry of patient name with alphanumeric
keyboard provided.
It's power with a purpose.
STKS software allows you to sort by name,
I.D. number, date/time, flag status, plus batch
printing and batch transmission to the host.
Automated Quality Control package provides
easy printout of all QC information for
regulatory compliance.
Improve laboratory productivity via multiple
tasking. You can review patient or control data
while batch processing.
Workload Recording, a graphic management
tool, assists with resource allocation and
cost management.
Hard copy printouts of all start-up, patient and
commercial control files, and calibration files
simplify record-keeping for regulatory compliance.
13
VCS Technology for Automated
Differentials 24 Hours a Day.
VCS Technology to determine the white cell
differential, studies over 8,000 cells in their
near-native state for each differential report. All
measurements are taken in a single flow cell in
which each cell is hydrodynamically focused to
ensure it correctly intersects the optical path.
Three different measurements are taken simul-
taneously by independent technologies. This
3-dimensional study of cell volume, conductivity,
and light scatter characteristics also allows for
the determination of cellular opacity. Over 16
million data points can be plotted for analysis
within the 3-dimensional matrix on each
sample - to provide the most complete white
cell profile possible.
14
Near-Native State
White Cell Analysis.
1. WBCs are analyzed in their near-native state -
4. Only COULTER VCS Technology determines
without shrinking or staining - so they retain
cellular opacity, a value derived by eliminating
their substance, depth and complexity.
volume from the conductivity measurement.
This allows an even more accurate measure-
ment of cellular content.
2. Cell volume is determined using the Coulter
5. Laser light, using forward angle scatter, deter-
Principle of Impedance.
mines cell surface characteristics, morphology
and granularity.
3. Cell conductivity is determined using a
6. Taken together, these measurements provide
high-frequency electromagnetic probe,
the most comprehensive study of white cell
which provides information on the cell's
characteristics for accurate classification.
internal constituents.
15
Superior-Resolution Scatterplots
Allow Visualization of 5 Distinct
Normal Populations.
By plotting each cell according to its volume,
conductivity and light scatter characteristics, each
cell can be placed in a 3-dimensional grid. This
clustering of cells, based on like characteristics,
clearly separates normal cell populations. The
data is presented as a 3-dimensional scatterplot
which can be displayed on the instrument
computer terminal from three different views.
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
(behind
lymphocytes)
Population density on the scatterplot is color-
coded as follows:
Highest density
yellow - 11 or more cells.
red - 5 to 10 cells.
green - 2 to 4 cells.
Lowest density
blue - 1 cell.
By color coding density, rather than cell types,
abnormal shifts in population concentration can
be identified easily.
16
The DF1 display shows
lymphocytes, monocytes,
neutrophils and eosinophils.
Basophils are behind the
lymphocytes.
WBC
Mo
Ne
Eo
U
0
L
U
Ly
M
E
The DF2 display shows
lymphocytes, monocytes
and granulocytes.
Mo
Gr
Ly
The DF3 display allows
visualization of the basophil
population which is hidden from
view behind the neutrophils, in
the DF2 position.
Mo
Ba
Ly
17
High-Resolution Identification of
Abnormalities and Subpopulations.
Familiarity with a normal scatterplot pattern
Blast cells primarily lymphoid appear in
allows technologists to identify the presence of
LYMPHOCYTE gated region.
abnormalities and subpopulations quickly and
Blast cells primarily monocytic appear in
easily. In addition to comprehensive white cell
MONOCYTE gated region.
flagging criteria, the scatterplot presents a
Blast cells primarily myeloid appear in
visual pattern through which abnormalities
NEUTROPHIL gated region.
and subpopulations can be detected.
Left shift cells appear in NEUTROPHIL
Classification of abnormal cell types is made easy
gated region.
because abnormal cell types fall in their respective
gating areas which are individualized for each
The diagram below is intended as a guide for
analysis. For example:
technologist review and data interpretation.
WBC
9
2
0
L
U
718
M
E
3
6
5
4
DF 1
1. Suspect Blasts
4. Giant Platelets
7. Suspect Blasts
2. Suspect Immature Granulocytes
5. Nucleated Red Blood Cells
8. Variant Lymphocytes
3. Aged and Damaged Neutrophils
6. Variant Lymphocytes
9. Suspect Blasts
18
Normal DF1 Examples.
Abnormal DF1 Examples.
WBC
WBC
U
U
0
0
L
L
U
U
M
M
E
E
DF 1
DF 1
Identification of immature
granulocytes in neutrophil region.
WBC
WBC
U
V
0
0
L
L
U
U
M
M
E
E
DF 1
DF 1
Identification of blast cell
population in lymphocyte region.
WBC
WBC
U
C
0
0
L
L
U
U
M
M
E
E
DF 1
DF 1
Identification of eosinophilia.
19
Perfect for Red Cell Measurements.
Perfect for Platelet Measurements.
PLT
RBC
Normal
Normal
REL#
REL#
50
100
200
300 fL
2
10
20
30 fL
High resolution histograms mean high sensitivity.
High resolution histograms optimize platelet
Optimal resolution is achieved across 256 channels.
population resolution across 64 channels for
maximum sensitivity.
RBC
REL#
50
100
200
300 fL
2
10
20
30
FL
Sickle cell disease in crisis: marked RBC
Unique, patented, log-fitting platelet algorithm
fragmentation, elevated RDW and high take-
ensures accurate counts in presence of schistocytes
off of the histogram.
and microthrombocytes (arrow)
2
10
20
30
FL
Unique Pulse Editing Technology eliminates abnormal
the algorithm also eliminates RBC interference
pulses to ensure size measurement integrity.
and captures macrothrombocytes (arrow).
Triplicate counting eliminates random error and
Unique Sweep Flow Technology prevents red cell
ensures precision. Extended analysis periods
recirculation, ensuring platelet count accuracy.
provide excellent accuracy on cytopenic samples.
20
Coulter Aperture Technology for
WBC, RBC and Platelet Studies.
The Coulter Principle Remains the
Reference Method.
We are often asked why Coulter still uses Aperture
Technology instead of another means of measure-
ment. Our answer is simple - because no other
technology has been shown to be superior. It
works for red cell and platelet measurements as
well as for white cells And it remains the world
reference method for counting and sizing
blood cells.
Platelet Counting Accuracy Using
Coulter's Proprietary Algorithm.
To ensure platelet count accuracy, the STKS
System uses Coulter's patented log-fitting platelet
algorithm. Platelets are distributed across 64
channels. The algorithm eliminates RBC inter-
ference while capturing macrothrombocytes.
You can obtain accurate platelet counts on the
STKS even in the presence of small platelets
and schistocytes.
Triplicate Counting, A Coulter Exclusive.
The STKS provides three simultaneous and inde-
pendent counts for WBC, RBC and PLT using 3
apertures. These counts are statistically analyzed
for agreement - then averaged. Agreement between
two of the counts is required for valid averaging.
A display is provided for all three counts for
each parameter.
System Enhancements Ensure High-
Quality Quantitative Results.
Sweep flow technology, proprietary to COULTER
instruments, enhances platelet count accuracy by
preventing red cell recirculation. Pulse editing
ensures red cell volume accuracy by eliminating
abnormal pulses from the analysis which can be
caused by cells traversing the aperture in an
improper orientation.
21
This Easy-to-Use System Requires
Very Few Reagents.
COULTER ISOTON® III Diluent. For accurate cell
counting and sizing, ISOTON III stabilizes cell
membranes while forming the sheath flow in
the flow cell to present white cells to the optical
path in perfect alignment.
COULTER LYSE S® III diff Lytic Reagent.
Quickly and thoroughly lyses red cells, while
providing accurate hemoglobin measurements.
Its use minimizes the need for extra reagents
where other COULTER instruments are also
in service.
COULTER SCATTER PAK. This dual-purpose
reagent system within the SCATTER PAK is
the key to evaluating white cells in their near-
native state. Erythrolyse II lyses red cells and
dilutes the sample. StabiLyse preserves the
structure, surface characteristics and size of the
white cells for the volume, conductivity, opacity
and light scatter measurements.
COULTER 4C® PLUS Cell Controls. Extreme
sensitivity and tightest range of expected
values ensure the highest precision and accuracy.
4C PLUS controls set the industry standard for
controlling CBC parameters at clinically-
significant low, normal and high levels.
COULTER LATRON Control. Assures the accuracy
of the 3-dimensional measurements of volume,
conductivity and light scatter for instruments
using VCS Technology. It checks for proper
gain, capacitance and laser flow alignment.
COULTER S-CAL® Calibrator. Provides single
point values - traceable to reference methods -
for accurate instrument calibration - without a
service call.
It's also a System that Protects
Technologists from Biohazards.
Closed-Vial Sampling. In the primary mode,
you'll never pop a top. The instrument's sam-
pling needle requires no maintenance and
is self-venting.
Safe Reagent System. You'll never be bothered
by reagent neutralization. With no formaldehyde
and minimal cyanide, you can discard reagents
without labor-intensive handling.
Cap-pierceable controls and calibrator. COULTER
4C PLUS cell controls and S-CAL Calibrator can
be used in the closed-vial sampling mode to
further protect technologists from potential
biohazards.
22
4C
PLUS
20 LITERS
COULTER CELL CONTROL
(5.3 gallons)
LECTROLYTE SOLUTION
COULTEi
TON III
⑉
For in Vitro Diagnostic Use
-
HEMATOLOGY REFERENCE CO
us NO 4,299 726 and you
PROTECT FROM FREEZING CBY SI
Active Ingredient: Stabilized tot Ht
BIONAZARDONS MATERIAL no DES
this
-
by
on
the
to
be
COULTER PN 7546771
DO NOT
by
STACK OVER
COULTER DIAGNOSTICS
4 HIGH
Hickion R 33014
7502182-A R 6.90
SCIENTIFIC INC.
Houston,
GENT
1
$
-
S
COULTER
LATRON CONTROL
MENTS
OSCARD
I
I
CAUDON
-
E
A
OULTER
7546917
1520
#
ERYTHROLYSE .
S-CA
An erytheots bytte reagent
INCREDIENTS
-
03-09 at
Technologic Advancements
Eliminate Maintenance Procedures.
CMS #257-521
10 LITERS
COULTER #8546931
COULTER
CLENZ
cleaning
for
components
COULTER
CLENZ
COULTER CLENZ Cleaning Agent maintains the integrity
of the system's highly-sensitive flow cell, counting
chambers, apertures, blood sampling valve and
Hb cuvette.
Shown above are examples of an aperture, before and
after cleaning with COULTER CLENZ Cleaning Agent.
A key to our claim of "No
Routine Maintenance" is
Coulter's patented blood
sampling valve which is
constantly maintained,
automatically.
Coulter's patented burn circuit means the end of protein
buildup and the end of routine aperture maintenance.
No Routine Maintenance.
Maintenance
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
BSV Cleaning
NO
NO
NO
Aperture Cleaning
NO
NO
NO
Needle Replacement
NO
NO
NO
Tubing Maintenance
NO
NO
NO
Protein Removal
NO
NO
NO
Calibration
NO
NO
NO
Fan Filters
NO
NO
YES
Syringe Cleaning
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Flow Cell Cleaning
NO
NO
NO
24
No Routine Maintenance.
Labor-saving features give you more time
to run patient samples.
You can lower labor and operating costs, as
well as instrument downtime. Forget routine
replacement of apertures, baths, chambers,
needles, tubing or pumps. Here are some of
the maintenance-saving features that make this
instrument the least labor-intensive analyzer on
the market today.
Self-Cleaning Blood Sampling Valve. Never
remove it. Constant circulation of ISOTON III
diluent between each sample, and COULTER
CLENZ Cleaning Agent during shut-down, keeps
the sampling valve clean and fully-operational
at all times.
Patented Burn Circuit. Automatically removes
protein buildup, once and for all. With virtually
no maintenance, your apertures will stay clean
and protein-free to ensure the accuracy of RBC
parameters, including MCV.
Non-pinch tubing. Forget about manual main-
tenance. Routine tubing replacement is a thing
of the past.
Autoclear and Autopurge. Flow cell integrity is
constantly maintained by these two computer-
controlled functions. The instrument knows
when rinsing and purging are required and
carries it out automatically, without you.
Dual Blood Detection System. Measures the
optical density and timing of the sample, before
and after traversing the blood sampling valve, to
ensure consistent sample integrity.
COULTER CLENZ Cleaning Agent. Routine use
eliminates the need for system bleaching while
maintaining all fluidics and optical pathways.
25
Coulter QC and Support - The Best
in the Industry.
Coulter's Interlaboratory Quality
Assurance Program (IQAP).
Coulter has always prided itself on the personalized
service it gives its customers. This is certainly true
of IQAP. Over 8,500 laboratories receive monthly
reports comparing their system performance to
other labs using the same COULTER instruments
and lot numbers of 4C PLUS cell controls.
IQAP helps your lab eliminate some of the time-
consuming recording and computation steps
needed for a qualified quality assurance program.
It's an easy-to-read report on accuracy and pre-
cision that helps satisfy the requirements of state
and regulatory agencies.
QCC - It's Just for Quality-Conscious
Customers.
By choosing COULTER instruments, reagents,
controls, calibrators and service, we know you
care enough to deserve extra benefits and values
that aren't available to others. That's why Coulter
has designed its QCC Program - - to provide Coulter
customers with special advantages. QCC can help
relieve continuing education costs and keep your
library current with publications.
QCC. It's just our way of saying "thank you" for
being a Quality Coulter Customer.
Coulter Quality Includes Customer
Service, Support and Training.
For six consecutive years, the Coulter Service
Organization has ranked #1 in the industry.* And
we intend to keep it that way. That's why we back
your COULTER STKS instrument with our exclu-
sive "95% UP-TIME GUARANTEE."
Coulter offers many service options so you can
be sure you get exactly the kind of coverage you
need. It's the most extensive array of service
options in the industry.
The Coulter Education Center in Miami Lakes,
Florida, ensures that when you return to your
laboratory you get the most from your new
instrument quickly. All customers get language-
specific, hands-on training.
*1990 IMS SERVICETRAK data.
26
When You Choose COULTER
Products, You Choose the
Company Behind Them.
ACIAC I I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
into
I
I
To join IQAP, you merely need to use 4C PLUS
To keep our service rating #1 in the industry,
cell controls on a regular basis. Then you can
Coulter trains over 600 service representatives per
submit data from any number of COULTER
year on all products and all product lines. With
instruments, from any number of labs (main
over 1,350 technical representatives worldwide,
lab, stat, satellite), and from any number of shifts.
a Coulter Service Representative is always there
IQAP is an easy and efficient way to monitor the
when you need one.
on-going precision and accuracy of all your
hematology instruments.
QCC Gandelines
QCC Catalog
Code
Quality Customers Count
Use your QCC Value Points for tuition on courses
The Coulter Education Center in Florida is staffed
at the Coulter Education Center and Coulter Field
with 19 instructors who train over 2,400 customers
Training Centers; in-laboratory training courses or
a year. They teach hematology, chemistry and
Outreach programs; admission to regional seminars,
flow cytometry, including applications such as
workshops and symposia; or to obtain technical
immunophenotyping and DNA analysis.
and educational publications and AV programs
from Coulter. With QCC, you're also eligible for
service contract enhancements.
27
Coulter Complete Cell Analysis
Case Study.
Hematologic Presentation.
WBC
A 7-year-old white male was investigated to rule
RBC
out rheumatic fever. A CBC and differential
U
REL#
was requested.
0
L
50 100
200
300 FL
U
The CBC showed a leukocytosis with a pre-
M
PLT
dominance of cells in the lymphoid region.
E
REL#
The instrument cell classification reported
the suspected presence of blasts and variant
DF 1
2
10
20
30 fL
lymphocytes, along with a relative neutropenia
ID#1 653738
WBC
13.8
H
RBC
3 88
L
-
ID#2:
X
#
HGB
9.2
1.
and absolute lymphocytosis.
NE
23.3
L
3.2
HCT
28.2
L
Date: 12/06/90
LY
71.1
9.8
H
MCU
72.5
L
Time: 08:56:28
MO
4.4
0.6
MCH
23.7
L
80
0.3
L
8.0
MCHC
32.6
L
The red cell profile showed a moderate microcytic
Cass/Pos:0004/02
BA
0.8
0.1
RDW
13.5
R
hypochromic anemia.
Abnorma
WBC
Pop
PLT
27
RL
Abnorma
RBC Pop
MPV
7.9
R
Abnorma
PLT
Pop
The platelet count was low (27,000) with an
FIGURE 1
abnormal distribution. (Figure 1)
The peripheral smear (Figure 2) confirmed
the instrument findings of moderate anemia,
decreased platelets, relative neutropenia and a
homogenous population of dysplastic mono-
nuclear cells. The bone marrow aspirate revealed
increased cellularity with 99% of the marrow
elements identified as malignant acute leukemia
lymphoblasts. Most cells showed FAB-L1 morphology.
These lymphoblasts were alpha naphthol butyrate
esterase negative; myeloperoxidase negative; acid
phosphatase negative; PAS positive.
In this case, the hematologic findings on the
peripheral blood smear, along with bone marrow
studies and special stains, indicated a probable
lymphoproliferative process. Based on these
findings, a diagnosis of ALL was made. A further
workup was performed for Complete Cell Analysis
to determine the cell lineage(s) involved in the
proliferative process.
FIGURE 2
28
Immunologic Findings.
As shown in Table 1, the cells of interest are
negative for expression of T cell and Myeloid
markers. Greater than 96% of the cells express
J5 (CALLA), while 93% are positive for 13, 96%
for B4, and 21% for B1. Low percentage markings
with all 4 Myeloid markers are consistent with
previous results which indicated a lymphoid
process. Low markings with T cell antigens T11,
T4, T8, T3, T6, versus high markings with B1 (21%),
and B4 (96%), indicate B cell line proliferation.
TABLE 1
Patient Results
Patient Results
Description
Antibody
% Positive
Count cells/µl
Lymphocyte Markers (T&B Cells)
E Rosette Receptor
T11(CD2)
11
1661
T Helper Cell
T4(CD4)
7
1057
T Supressor Cell
T8(CD8)
7
1057
TL T Lymphocyte
T3(CD3)
10
1510
Total Thymocyte
T6(CDla)
0
0
B Lymphocyte
B1(CD20)
21
3171
B Lymphocyte
B4(CD19)
96
14496
Myeloid Markers
Monocytes, Myeloid Cells
Mol(CD11b)
1
151
Monocytes
Mo2(CD14)
1
151
Myeloid Cells
MY7(CD13)
0
0
Myeloid Cells
MY9(CD33)
1
151
Specialty Markers
CALLA
J5(CD10)
96
14496
HLA-DR
I3
93
14043
Figure 3 shows a Co-Plot of selected monoclonals
tested in this case. Significant positivity is shown
for the following antibodies: 13, B1, B4, and J5.
On the basis of these studies, a separate aliquot
of cells was processed for DNA content and cell
B1
cycle analysis.
I3
B4
T3
J5
CONTROL ALL
FIGURE 3
DNA Content Analysis.
The patient's sample was analyzed on the COULTER
EPICS® Profile II Clinical Flow Cytometer for DNA
content using propidium iodide for fluorescent
GoG,
GgG1
staining. Figure 4 shows a normal DNA content
U
histogram. Figure 5 shows the patient's histogram
with an aneuploid peak to the right of the normal
Aneuploid Peak
G₀/G₁ population (hyperdiploid). In many cancers,
G2M
aneuploidy is associated with an unfavorable
DNA CONTENT
DNA CONTENT
prognosis and a poor response to chemotherapy.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 5
A notable exception is ALL where aneuploidy has
been associated with improved survival in children.
29
Scanning electron micrograph of human blood showing a number
of spherical, yellow lymphocytes and two biconcave erythrocytes.
The lymphocytes have numerous microvilli projecting from their
outer surfaces; the two cells at top center appear to be in the
process of division.
Coulter Worldwide Sales Offices:
Country
Phone
Country
Code
Number
Australia
61
2-905-0688
Brazil
55
21-342-2358
Canada
416-639-4701
Dubai
971
4-213534
France
33
1-34-27-23-23
Germany
49
2151-818-0
Hong Kong
852
8140481
Italy
39
2-982-951
Japan
81
3-3877-9233
Kenya
254
2-567804
Latin America
305-885-0131
Mexico
52
5-688-74-23
Netherlands
31
2979-88578
New Zealand
64
9-886-621
Portugal
351
1-895828
Puerto Rico
809-752-8420
South Africa
27
11-805-2055
Spain
34
1-6-45-30-11
Turkey
90
4-1402536
United Kingdom
44
0582-491414
United States
305-885-0131
(Ext. 2646)
1-800-526-6932
Venezuela
58
2-52-66-68
® Registered trademarks of Coulter Corporation
™Trademarks of Coulter Corporation
© Copyright 1991 Coulter Corporation
All rights reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
Subject to change without notice.
4203326-0B Rev. 4/91
4/91
7
8
4
5
1
2
CE
0
9 6 ID 3 .
F
COULTER
COULTER ELECTRONICS, INC.
601 West 20th Street
Hialeah, Florida 33010-2432 USA
Mailing Address:
P.O. Box 2145
Hialeah, Florida 33012-0145 USA
Telephone:
(305) 885-0131
March 8, 1991
Haseah
Ms. Shirley M. Green
Special Assistant to the President
THE WHITE HOUSE
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D. C. 20006
Amberst
Coulter
Buens Ares Argentina
Dear Ms. Green:
Coulter Electronics Pr. Ltd
We have received copies of correspondence between Dr. Penn Lupovich, Director of
You South Wales Australia
Laboratories for Group Health Association, Inc., in Washington, D. C., and The White House
Coulter Electronics Lida
in connection with Dr. Lupovich's nomination of Wallace H. Coulter, Chairman of the Board
Riode Janeiro, Brazil
and Founder of The Coulter Corporation, as recipient of the Medal of Freedom.
Coulter Electronics of Canada Ltd
Burlington Canada
We were very pleased to read Dr. Lupovich's nominating letter and we fully agree that
Dr. Coulter is deserving of this great honor. His contribution to the world of medicine, clinical
Coulter Electronics Ltd
Luton England
pathology and scientific and industrial research has been outstanding.
Coultronics France SA
Margency France
Dr. Coulter pioneered the development of automated laboratory instrumentation four
decades ago and has guided the many remarkable advances in the development of technological
Coulter Electronics GmbH
Krefeld West Germany
instrumentation we see in the clinical and research laboratory today. Coulter instruments
developed from the Coulter Principle, discovered in 1947-48, have played a valuable role in the
Coulter Electronics (HK) Ltd
major medical and scientific advances of recent years.
Hung Kong
Counter Scientific SPA
Dr. Coulter's background reflects the American spirit of invention in this century. Born
Milan Italy
in 1913, he grew up during the days when electronics was in its infancy, and among his childhood
Japar Scientific Instruments Co. Ltd
idols were such geniuses as Edison, Marconi, Bell and other seekers into the unknown and
Tokyo Japan
untried of their day.
Coulter Scientific lapan Ltd
Tokoo Japan
His father was a railroad telegrapher/dispatcher and his mother a schoolteacher. During
his early childhood he moved with his family to various parts of the country, always encouraged
Coulter Electronics Kenyal Ltd
Nairobi Kenva
by books and always free to give vent to his insatiable curiosity. From the beginning, radio and
electronics fascinated him. As a youth, he studied both with the intention of making radio and
Coulter de Mexico SA DE CV
electronics his career.
Mexico City. Mexico
Coulter Electronics Sales of PR inc
Dr. Coulter discovered the Coulter Principle while experimenting in his basement
San luan Puerto Rico
laboratory/workroom in Chicago during the late 1940's. He was trying to find a way to count
Coulter Cientifica SA
minute particles, such as blood cells, electronically. At that time laboratory technologists were
Madrid Spain
conducting blood tests manually, using a microscope -- a time-consuming, often inaccurate
Coulter Electronics SA
method.
Caracas Venezuela
Cont'd
Page 2
Coulter
Quality Counts!
4232099 :8 2
Page 2
Ms. Shirley M. Green
THE WHITE HOUSE
The Principle led to construction of an instrument that would count blood cells hundreds
of times faster and much more accurately than the manual method, and a small industry was
spawned in Coulter's Chicago basement. The first COULTER COUNTER analyzers were
designed and built one-by-one by Wallace and his brother Joseph during their free time after
work, with the help of one full-time employee.
Details on the man and his Company can be found in the attached booklet and
biography.
In recognition of his ground breaking discovery, in 1960 Wallace Coulter was named
recipient of the coveted John Scott Award for Scientific Achievement. This was a special honor,
because it linked him with such past recipients as his early role models Thomas Edison and
Guglielmo Marconi, not to mention the renowned Madam Curie, Orville Wright and other
scientific luminaries.
That same year his unique invention, the COULTER COUNTER. automated blood cell
and particle analyzer was tapped by the Department of Commerce for the distinction of being
the first American-made product to be shown behind the Iron Curtain at the 19th International
Fair in Plodiv, Bulgaria. Shortly after that it made its European debut at an exhibition in
Germany.
World wide interest grew quickly, and Wallace and his Principle reached international
importance.
Today, the Company started by Wallace and Joseph Coulter is wholly owned by the
Coulter family, and the same "spirit of family" that existed with their employees during the early
years in the Chicago basement facility continues today in Coulter companies around the world.
Dr. Coulter continues to play an active role in research and development working with
a select group of world class engineers and scientists to expand the Company's product lines to
meet the needs of the future.
In addition to the John Scott Award, he has been recipient of numerous honors and
awards over the years. He holds several honorary degrees. His Principle has been cited as the
basis for the first viable modern flow analyzer.
Dr. Coulter actively sought ways to make his discovery useful in service to others. Some
examples of this are:
In the early 1960's a COULTER COUNTER blood cell analyzer was given to the
Hospital Ship HOPE in the name of the employees of Coulter Electronics. The People to
People Foundation still use the instrument in its efforts to provide medical care for America's
poor.
In the early 1980's Dr. Coulter donated a COULTER EPICS laser-based cell separator
to the US Resource for Flow Cytometry at Los Alamos.
Cont'd Page 3
Coulter Quality Counts!
4232050 IC R 4 87
Page 3
Ms. Shirley M. Green
THE WHITE HOUSE
A COULTER COUNTER particle analyzer was used to study soil taken from the moon
and one is currently being used for special blood studies in space.
Several COULTER COUNTER analyzers were sent to the Soviet Union, along with
reagents and controls, to be used to monitor the health of victims of the Chernobyl disaster.
A COULTER COUNTER analyzer was donated for use in the treatment of victims of
the Armenian earthquake.
Countless U.S. hospitals, medical schools, clinics and research centers have been
recipients of Dr. Coulter's largesse. He has funded or supported many research programs, and
awarded many grants and endowments. The most recent was the endowment for a lecture series
through the Department of Laboratories at the University of California, San Francisco.
The Coulter Corporation grew from its humble beginnings in a Chicago basement to
become the worldwide leader in clinical laboratory instruments. Today, Coulter has companies
and offices in 20 countries - the first was founded in England in 1959. Coulter has sales, service
and distribution operations in more than 100 other countries and employs over 5,300 people
world wide.
While the Japanese were busy buying U.S. companies, Coulter was acquiring their
Japanese distributor in order to meet the challenge of Japanese competition. Coulter's Japanese
company is a wholly owned subsidiary.
More than 50% of the company's business is international and, at this writing, there are
more than 58,000 Coulter hematology devices operating in the world, running more than
3,000,000 tests a day. Thousands of Coulter systems and devices for chemistry, fine particle, and
flow cytometry analyses are also in use daily around the world.
The Coulter Principle has provided the gateway to all subsequent hematological advances.
emerged. From the Coulter Principle discovered by Wallace Coulter in 1947, an entire industry has
More than 95% of the blood tests done around the world today are conducted with the
use of a Coulter device or its clone.
Wallace Coulter's discovery and the products that emerged from the Principle are
providing the powerful tools being used by clinicians and scientists to diagnose and design
treatment for killer diseases such as Aids, Leukemia, Lymphoma, etc.
Dr. Coulter's contribution has been considerable. Both the man and his work exemplify
the American spirit at its best - ingenuity and inventiveness combined with caring and
community service.
Cont'd Page 4
Coulter Quality Counts!
4232050 IC R 4 87
Page 4
Ms. Shirley M. Green
THE WHITE HOUSE
We honor Dr. Coulter for his contributions to the health care of mankind, and we join
Dr. Lupovich in urging President Bush to consider him as an honored and worthy recipient of
the Medal of Freedom.
Sincerely,
line Junne Keslan
Anne-Lynne Keplar
Director of Business Development
ALK:PF
90241
encl: WHC Biography
Coulter Corporate Brochure
Coulter Quality Counts!
©
4232050 IC R 4 87
t le
Group Health Association, Inc.
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Department. of Laboratories, 1709 New York Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D. b. 20006
Telephone: (202)383-1800
October 9, 1990
Director of Laboratories
Associate Director of Laboratories
Penn Supovich, M. D.
James D. Mac-Lowng. M. D.
The Honorable George Bush
President Of The United States
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
20006
Dear Mr. President:
I should like to take the liberty of nominating Wallace H. Coulter, for The
Medal Of Freedom. He is a great American who has contributed in no small
way to the health, welfare and economy of our people in ways which
represent the best of the capitalist tradition of our wonderful Country.
Mr. Coulter is the discoverer of the Coulter Principle and the founder of
Coulter Electronics, Inc. of Hialeah, Florida. He is a scientist and
engineer of extraordinary talent and accomplishment.
When I was a young man in the 1950's doing volunteer work at The Montefiore
Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, I remember learning how to do "blood
counts" the old fashioned way. We were lucky if we could get the basic
information that was needed for the patient's care within forty minutes.
When I became a first year resident in pathology at that same institution
in 1965, I recall that our laboratory director purchased one of the first
models of the original Coulter counters. Because of Mr. Coulter's
ingenious invention we were then able to achieve far more accurate
information in less than five minutes. To date, evolution of the principal
which Mr. Coulter discovered has caused a monumentally beneficial change in
the quality of patient care at a cost which has been readily affordable.
It is rare that an evolving technology produces that kind of result for not
only our advanced, relatively wealthy society but for the rest of the world
as well. Any physician in any country today can verify the contribution of
the "Coulter Counter".
Please know that I have no connection whatsoever with the Coulter
organization and I am rather certain that Mr. Coulter would not even know
who I am. I feel it to be my duty to try to see that Mr. Coulter receives
recognition in his later years by the American people for the incredible
contributions that he has made, and in fact, continues to make to this day.
He is hard at work in the development of technology which once again is
revolutionary and I suspect that a man of his vision has much yet to teach
the rest of us mere mortals.
Enclosed is a copy of the brief biography which was supplied to me by one
of the Coulter Sales staff who has no idea what I have in mind. Also
enclosed is a copy of my own C.V. SO that my credentials for presuming this
nomination may be known. I ask that you weigh his accomplishments in
consideration of nominating him for the Medal of Freedom.
Respectfully,
Penn LufanD
Penn Lupovich, M.D.
PL/jeg
WALLACE HENRY COULTER
Biography
Wallace H. Coulter, co-founder and
When the Jap-anese invaded Singapore he
Chairman of the Board of Directors of the
escaped to Java, and from there, for almost
world-wide Coulter Corporation, is best noted
a year, he island-hopped his way back to
as the discoverer of The Coulter Principle, the
the United States.
most widely used method for counting and
sizing microscopic particles suspended in a
From 1942 until the end of World War
fluid. His method has been called the "first
II he worked in electronic development for
viable basis for flow cytometry," and from it
Press Wireless in New York. He later
grew an industry that changed the world of
participated in electro-medical
diagnostic medical research for all times.
instrumentation development for Raytheon
Manufacturing Company.
Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, Wallace
grew up in an era of invention! During his
Upon returning to Chicago in 1946, he
pre-teens, when radio began coming into its
worked for Illinois Tool Works and the
own, he was caught up in the fascinating
Mittelman Electronics Division of Century
new field, building crystal sets and
Steel, spending his spare time in his
experimenting with electricity.
basement workroom building electronic
amplifiers and generators for local firms.
The fascination continued through his
Here he and his brother Joe also spent many
school years and carried him to Westminster
hours experimenting with a variety of novel
College in Fulton, Missouri, and further study
ideas including a method for counting
of electrical engineering at Georgia Institute
microscopic particles.
of Technology.
It was this activity that finally led him
New vistas were opening to adven-
to discovery of The Coulter Principle a
turous young men, and Wallace, whose role
method for counting and three dimensional
models included such great inventive genius'
sizing of microscopic particles -- a
as Thomas Edison and Guglielmo Marconi,
technology that was to have a profound
was drawn into this challenging new world.
effect on the practice of hematology.
An avid reader and insatiable
The Coulter Principle provided the
explorer, problems looking for solution drew
much desired and long hoped for means of
him like magnets.
sizing particles on the basis of volume, the
most meaningful single measure of size.
His early career in electronics began
in 1934 when he took a job as a radio station
Using the Coulter Principle, biological
engineer-announcer.
cells or industrial particles could be counted
and sized at a rate of several thousand a
In 1937 he joined the General Electric
second -- a wondrous feat when compared
X-Ray Corporation taking on responsibilities as
to the time consuming manual method used
sales engineer.
by lab technologists with a microscope.
G.E. sent him to the Far East, where
From the principle evolved an
he worked in Manila, Shanghai, Singapore
instrument, created with a grant from the US
and the nearby islands where he sold and
Department of Naval Research for use at the
serviced x-ray equipment to local hospitals.
National Institute of Health.
Wallace Henry Coulter Biography 2
Wallace's first patent was approved
cellular enzymes, cell surface markers,
in 1953, and he and his brother Joe, an
hematopoiesis and tissue transplant rejection.
electronic engineer, began the one-on-one
production of a commercial instrument, the
His expansion of biomedical research
Coulter® Counter cell and particle analyzer.
efforts in development of monoclonal
antibodies and flow cytometry systems
Research continued, sales increased,
represents the beginning of the integration of
and in 1958 Wallace and Joe Coulter launch-
three distinct disciplines: hematology,
ed a company Coulter Electronics, Inc.
immunology and flow cytometry.
From the Corporation evolved an
Wallace Coulter continues guiding
industry development of automation in the
explorations of new areas of research of
hematology laboratory!
nuclear and other intracellular markers to
better define cell function. He has also
Today, the wholly-owned Coulter
expanded his Corporations's research in
Corporation has over 5,000 employees
oncology, with development of tumor
working in manufacturing facilities and sales,
markers for diagnosis, prognosis and
service and education operations in 20
monitoring patient therapy.
companies around the world.
The image analysis work of the 1970's
In Coulter's wake followed many
will complement this work by providing
companies that developed instruments using
modernized visual measurement in such
Wallace's Principle. It has been estimated
areas as DNA content and estrogen and
that at least 95 percent of the automated
progesterone receptor levels.
blood counts done in the world today are
done on Coulter instruments, or their clones.
Wallace Coulter holds several
honorary doctorates in science and
Always searching for newer horizons,
engineering.
he used his Principle and the first COULTER®
Counter cell analyzer to spawn entire families
He has been honored with many
of instrumentation and reagents and
awards, among them the 1960 John Scott
controls, not just in hematology, but also in
Award for Scientific Achievement, previously
industrial fine particle counting, chemistry,
awarded to such notable achievers as
and other related lab instrumentation.
Thomas Edison, Guglielmo Marconi, Marie
Curie, Jonas Salk, and Orville Wright.
Such research led to the discovery of
valuable new parameters of cell opacity.
An Adjunct Professor in the University
The combination of The Coulter Principle and
of Miami's School of Medicine's Department
opacity opened new avenues for cell
of Biomedical Engineering, Dr. Coulter is a
classification and analysis.
member of the Miami Chapter of Sigma Xi.
He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical
In the 1970's the Corporation invested
Engineers and was recently named a Trustee
heavily in the research of image analysis.
of Clarkson University in New York.
In the 1980's research was begun in
Among the honors he has received
immunology, which resulted in products in
are: the IEEE Morris E. Leeds Award in 1980;
retrovirology, studies in the area of cell
the 1988 "Florida Industrialist of the Year
kinetics in both normal and tumor
Award," a state award presented by the
populations, characterization of specific
Museum of Science and Industry in Tampa,
I
Florida; the 1989 M.D. Buyline's SAMME
Lifetime Achievement Award; the American
Society of Hematology's Certificate for
Distinguished Achievement in 1989, and he
was the 1989 recipient of the Association of
Clinical Scientists' Gold Headed Cane
Award.