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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Draft Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13495
Folder ID Number:
13495-006
Folder Title:
Karl Marx University 7/12/89 [2]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
25
6
4
1
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Telegram
U.S. Embassy, Budapest to Secretary of State, re: President
07/06/89
P-1, (b)(1)
C
Bush's Speech at Karl Marx University. (3 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File, Drafts
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Karl Marx University 7/12/89 [2]
Date Closed:
9/27/2004
OA/ID Number:
03539
FOIA/SYS Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2004-2249-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
MR Case #:
Appeal Case #:
MR Disposition:
Appeal Disposition:
Disposition Date:
Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Davis/Martin
July 7, 1989
Title: b:karl
Draft: Three
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
July 12, 1:15 p.m.
Ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Csaki (CHAH-kee). It's a pleasure
to be back in Budapest, and I am proud to be the first American
President to visit Hungary.
Some might find it ironic that I am speaking at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me
)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
country, since it stops at Karl Marx and goes on to Parliament
and the Central Committee. Many great Hungarian leaders have
like
also moved along this same route, including Miklos (MEEK-losh)
Nemeth (NAY-met). But before any of them, there was a teacher at
Karl Marx University, and his name was Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy
As the slow reburial procession moved through Heroes'
time
Square, the rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of
the National Hymn. And in this simple, somber ceremony, the
world saw something more than a dignified act of reconciliation
We witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
2
more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a new
future
a generation waited to honor Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy's
(NUDGE'S) courage; may a hundred generations revere it.
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
Europe, America is rediscovering Hungary. One of the most
popular non-fiction books in my country today is entitled
Budapest 1900. Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest
of memory, with its proud stock exchange and great opera; a time
when Europe's first electric subway ran underneath the handsome
shops of Andrassy Avenue.
A city that rivaled Paris in its splendor
Vienna in
its music
London in its literature. A center of learning
that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of genius
in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for decades,
this great city, this great nation, so central to the continent
in every respect, was torn from Europe and the West.
Today Hungary is opening again to the West -- becoming a
leading light in European culture. I see people in motion. I
see color and creativity replacing grey conformity. I see a new
beginning for Hungary
The very atmosphere of Budapest is
electric, alive with optimism.
Your people and your leaders -- government and opposition
alike -- are not afraid to break with the past, to act in the
spirit of truth. And what better example of this could there be
than one simple fact: Karl Marx University has dropped Das
Kapital from its required reading list
3
Historians say that Marxism arose out of a humane impulse.
But Karl Marx traced only one thread of human existence, and
missed the rest of the tapestry -- the colorful and varied
tapestry of civilization. Marx regarded Man as a hapless being
shaped by impersonal economic forces. But Man is more than that.
He is artistic -- Man has an innate need to create and enjoy
beauty. He is a loving member of a family, and a loyal patriot
to his people. And Man is something else which cannot be denied
he is a creature of God
((PAUSE))
The creative genius of the Hungarian people, long
suppressed, is again flourishing in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
of freedom. It is Hungary returning home.
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will
broadcast everything from the news
to the pop music of Huey
Lewis and the News. Even more dramatic, Radio Free Europe is
opening its first Budapest bureau.
Along your border with Austria, the ugly symbol of Europe's
division and Hungary's isolation is coming down, as the barbed
wire fences are rolled into bales. For the first time, the Iron
Curtain has begun to part. And Hungary is leading the way.
The Soviet Union has withdrawn many troops, which I take
also as an early sign that Europe's division is nearing an end.
And as they leave, let the Soviet leaders know they have
4
everything to gain, and nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful
change. We can work together to move beyond containment, beyond
the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
pale before the fact that Hungary is at the threshold of great
and historic change. You are writing a new constitution -- a
Hungarian Rights of Man that will sanction democratic, multi-
party elections.
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
But to succeed in reform, you will need partners -- partners
to help promote lasting change in Hungary. I am here to offer
Hungary the partnership of the United States of America.
Three vital spheres stand out in our partnership --
economics, democratic and cultural exchange, and the environment.
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
The United States believes in the acceleration of change,
not in its delay. So this our guiding principle -- the United
States will offer assistance not to prop up the status quo, but
to propel reform.
Of course, the dead weight of the past still burdens
Hungarian enterprise. There are remnants of the Stalinist
economy -- huge, inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering
5
price system no one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud
economic decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise
achieve. It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
To make the transition to a productive economy will test
your mettle as a people. The prices of some commodities may
rise. Some inefficient factories will close. But the Hungarian
government has already started to leave the business of running
shops to shopkeepers and of farms to farmers. And the creative
drive of the people, once unleashed, will create a momentum of
its own. This will bring you a greater treasure than the riches
you will create. It will give each of you control over your
destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
Just look to the West of the Danube -- your European
neighbors are forming a single market. Soon you will have the
chance to trade with this new economic colossus. But, as I said,
the United States will also be your partner in this
transformation to a successful competitive economy. I am here to
announce the following measures.
I said we Warsaw
First, as you know, I will propose at the Paris Economic
Summit the formation of a Consortium for Poland and Hungary, to
back your reforms with economic and technical assistance programs
from the Summit partners. Of course, our program for Hungary
will be targeted to your needs.
Provide
Second, fund I will ask the U.S. Congress to authorize a $25
million grant to establish a Hungarian American Enterprise
6
as
Foundation a source of new capital to invigorate the Hungarian
private-sector.
Third, once your Parliament passes the new emigration
legislation proposed by your Council of Ministers, I will inform
our Congress that Hungary is in full compliance with our 1974
lot comm country
Trade Act. Hungary will then qualify for the maximum most-
favored nation trade status under U.S. law.
Fourth, America is prepared to provide your country with
access to our Generalized System of Preferences, which offers
selective tariff relief. Simply put, these last two measures
will open the door to the largest single market in the world.
In the United States, the vibrancy and strength of our
economy relies on the creativity of millions of small businesses.
Therefore, I am pleased to note our fifth measure, the formation
of the Hungarian Enterprise Group, which will match venture
capital, both foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -- the
small businessmen and -women with the grand ideas.
Sixth, we have concluded a draft agreement to authorize the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation to operate in Hungary.
Once our Senate passes enabling legislation, OPIC will be able to
provide insurance to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. The American investment company, Bear-
Stern, has already established a special Hungary Fund to pool
resources to purchase shares in Hungarian companies
What does private investment mean for Hungary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
7
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (SAY-chaney), who said: "Some think that
Hungary has been; I like to think it will be. Of this we are
sure -- Hungary will be great again.
DEMOCRATIC AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE
(( (These are the economic proposals I will discuss with your
leaders. But I also hope this visit leads to a wider exchange
between East and West, so our scientists, our artists and our
environmentalists can learn from one another
So that our
soldiers and statesmen discuss peace and our students discuss the
In such exchanges, we want to help you in your quest for a
new beginning as a democratic Hungary. So the United States is
committing more than $6 million to private cultural and
educational opportunities in Eastern Europe. We will make
available funds for a series of major new U.S. -Hungarian exchange
programs -- among Congressmen and legislative experts, among
labor and business leaders, among legal experts, among community
leaders, educators and young people. We are creating dozens of
fellowships to enable Hungarians to study at American
universities. And we will fund endowed chairs in American
studies at your universities
and books -- many thousands of
them -- to fill the shelves of your American Management Institute
and the libraries of schools and universities across Hungary.
8
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
center, which will be an open house of books, magazines and
videocassettes -- an open house of ideas.,
When it comes to the language of America, the teaching of
English is one of our most popular exports. As students you know
that English is the linqua franca of world business, the key to
to
clinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto. So to open the global
around
market to more Hungarians, I am pleased to announce that the
top
Peace Corps will, for the first time, operate in a European
country. And our Peace Corps instructors will come to Budapest
and all 19 counties to teach English.
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVE
To learn a language, to start a business, or to work for a
candidate in a free election, is to embark on a great adventure.
But to realize a promising future, we must also protect our basic
common heritage -- the environment. Six weeks ago, in Mainz, I
proposed cooperation between East and West on environmental
issues. What a tragedy it would be if your continent was again
spoiled, this time not by war, but by a more subtle and insidious
danger -- that of poisoned rivers and acid rain.
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. And you are
leading the way in environmental agreements with the West.
9
((Substance to come) )
CONCLUSION
In our economic, cultural and environmental relations, we
have much to share and learn from each other. The United States
is especially determined to stand by Hungary as you meet an
enormous challenge. No Communist nation has yet attempted what
Hungary is already doing -- to build democracy and a free market.
For centuries, the youth of Hungary has been martyred in
many fights for freedom. This was struggle of Jamos (Yanosh)
Hertelendy (HERTEL-indy), and this was the struggle of many of
your parents. But today, young Hungarians can, without fear,
plan for a future of freedom and peace.
Throughout the Communist world today, as a younger
generation is preparing to assume power, a great debate is
underway. In this debate, Moscow advocates limited political
freedom, but without economic rights. Beijing practices limited
economic freedom, but without political liberty. Where are
political and economic liberty peacefully advancing together? In
Hungary.
I see a great Hungarian future in the bright faces of your
youth. You know it is not enough to let men and women purchase
what you want or cast a symbolic vote. You must be allowed to
say what you believe. You must be allowed to choose your
government. Limited freedom, whether it is economic or
10
political, will not provide sufficient room for the restless
human spirit.
Benjamin Franklin, the sage of the American Revolution, said
that love of liberty and the rights of man should someday become
so widespread, "that a philosopher may set his foot anywhere on
the surface (of the earth) and say: This is my country.'
Because of your courage, that is the Hungary we can see
before us; a better Hungary, a greater Hungary, a place any
countryman of freedom could call home.
Thank you and God bless you all.
#
#
#
Davis/Martin
July 7, 1989
Title: b:karl
Draft: Three
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
July 12, 1:15 p.m.
Ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Csaki (CHAH-kee). It's a pleasure
to be back in Budapest, and I am proud to be the first American
President to visit Hungary.
Some might find it ironic that I am speaking at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me
...)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
country, since it stops at Karl Marx and goes on to Parliament
and the Central Committee. Many great Hungarian leaders have
like
also moved along this same route, including Miklos (MEEK-losh)
Nemeth (NAY-met). But before any of them, there was a teacher at
Karl Marx University, and his name was Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy
(NUDGE). ((PAUSE))
As the slow reburial procession moved through Heroes'
Time
Square, the rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of
the National Hymn. And in this simple, somber ceremony, the
world saw something more than a dignified act of reconciliation.
We witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
2
more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a new
future
a generation waited to honor Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy's
(NUDGE'S) courage; may a hundred generations revere it.
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
Europe, America is rediscovering Hungary. One of the most
popular non-fiction books in my country today is entitled
Budapest 1900. Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest
of memory, with its proud stock exchange and great opera; a time
when Europe's first electric subway ran underneath the handsome
shops of Andrassy Avenue.
A city that rivaled Paris in its splendor
Vienna in
its music
London in its literature. A center of learning
that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of genius
in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for decades,
this great city, this great nation, so central to the continent
in every respect, was torn from Europe and the West.
Today Hungary is opening again to the West -- becoming a
leading light in European culture. I see people in motion. I
see color and creativity replacing grey conformity. I see a new
beginning for Hungary
The very atmosphere of Budapest is
electric, alive with optimism.
Your people and your leaders -- government and opposition
alike -- are not afraid to break with the past, to act in the
spirit of truth. And what better example of this could there be
than one simple fact: Karl Marx University has dropped Das
Kapital from its required reading list
3
Historians say that Marxism arose out of a humane impulse.
But Karl Marx traced only one thread of human existence, and
missed the rest of the tapestry -- the colorful and varied
tapestry of civilization. Marx regarded Man as a hapless being
shaped by impersonal economic forces. But Man is more than that.
He is artistic -- Man has an innate need to create and enjoy
beauty. He is a loving member of a family, and a loyal patriot
to his people. And Man is something else which cannot be denied
he is a creature of God
( (PAUSE) )
The creative genius of the Hungarian people, long
suppressed, is again flourishing in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
of freedom. It is Hungary returning home.
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will
broadcast everything from the news
to the pop music of Huey
Lewis and the News. Even more dramatic, Radio Free Europe is
opening its first Budapest bureau.
Along your border with Austria, the ugly symbol of Europe's
division and Hungary's isolation is coming down, as the barbed
wire fences are rolled into bales. For the first time, the Iron
Curtain has begun to part. And Hungary is leading the way.
The Soviet Union has withdrawn many troops, which I take
also as an early sign that Europe's division is nearing an end.
And as they leave, let the Soviet leaders know they have
4
everything to gain, and nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful
change. We can work together to move beyond containment, beyond
the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
pale before the fact that Hungary is at the threshold of great
and historic change. You are writing a new constitution -- a
Hungarian Rights of Man that will sanction democratic, multi-
party elections.
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
But to succeed in reform, you will need partners -- partners
to help promote lasting change in Hungary. I am here to offer
Hungary the partnership of the United States of America.
Three vital spheres stand out in our partnership --
economics, democratic and cultural exchange, and the environment.
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
The United States believes in the acceleration of change,
not in its delay. So this our guiding principle -- the United
States will offer assistance not to prop up the status quo, but
to propel reform.
Of course, the dead weight of the past still burdens
Hungarian enterprise. There are remnants of the Stalinist
economy -- huge, inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering
5
price system no one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud
economic decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise
achieve. It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
To make the transition to a productive economy will test
your mettle as a people. The prices of some commodities may
rise. Some inefficient factories will close. But the Hungarian
government has already started to leave the business of running
shops to shopkeepers and of farms to farmers. And the creative
drive of the people, once unleashed, will create a momentum of
its own. This will bring you a greater treasure than the riches
you will create. It will give each of you control over your
destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
Just look to the West of the Danube -- your European
neighbors are forming a single market. Soon you will have the
chance to trade with this new economic colossus. But, as I said,
the United States will also be your partner in this
transformation to a successful competitive economy. I am here to
announce the following measures.
First, as you know, I will propose at the Paris Economic
Summit the formation of a Consortium for Poland and Hungary, to
back your reforms with economic and technical assistance programs
from the Summit partners. Of course, our program for Hungary
will be targeted to your needs.
Second, I will ask the U.S. Congress to authorize a $25
million grant to establish a Hungarian-American Enterprise
6
Foundation, a source of new capital to invigorate the Hungarian
private-sector.
Third, once your Parliament passes the new emigration
legislation proposed by your Council of Ministers, I will inform
our Congress that Hungary is in full compliance with our 1974
Trade Act. Hungary will then qualify for the maximum most-
favored nation trade status under U.S. law.
Fourth, America is prepared to provide your country with
access to our Generalized System of Preferences, which offers
selective tariff relief. Simply put, these last two measures
will open the door to the largest single market in the world.
In the United States, the vibrancy and strength of our
economy relies on the creativity of millions of small businesses.
Therefore, I am pleased to note our fifth measure, the formation
of the Hungarian Enterprise Group, which will match venture
capital, both foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -- the
small businessmen and -women with the grand ideas.
Sixth, we have concluded a draft agreement to authorize the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation to operate in Hungary.
Once our Senate passes enabling legislation, OPIC will be able to
provide insurance to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. The American investment company, Bear-
Stern, has already established a special "Hungary Fund" to pool
resources to purchase shares in Hungarian companies.
What does private investment mean for Hungary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
7
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (SAY-chaney), who said: "Some think that
Hungary has been; I like to think it will be. H Of this we are
sure -- Hungary will be great again.
DEMOCRATIC AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE
(( (These are the economic proposals I will discuss with your
leaders. But I also hope this visit leads to a wider exchange
between East and West, so our scientists, our artists and our
environmentalists can learn from one another
So that our
soldiers and statesmen discuss peace and our students discuss the
future. ))) ( (PAUSE) )
In such exchanges, we want to help you in your quest for a
new beginning as a democratic Hungary. So the United States is
committing more than $6 million to private cultural and
educational opportunities in Eastern Europe. We will make
available funds for a series of major new U.S. -Hungarian exchange
programs -- among Congressmen and legislative experts, among
labor and business leaders, among legal experts, among community
leaders, educators and young people. We are creating dozens of
fellowships to enable Hungarians to study at American
universities. And we will fund endowed chairs in American
studies at your universities
and books -- many thousands of
them -- to fill the shelves of your American Management Institute
and the libraries of schools and universities across Hungary.
8
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
center, which will be an open house of books, magazines and
videocassettes -- an open house of ideas.
When it comes to the language of America, the teaching of
English is one of our most popular exports. As students you know
that English is the lingua franca of world business, the key to
clinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto. So to open the global
market to more Hungarians, I am pleased to announce that the
Peace Corps will, for the first time, operate in a European
country. And our Peace Corps instructors will come to Budapest
and all 19 counties to teach English.
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVE
To learn a language, to start a business, or to work for a
candidate in a free election, is to embark on a great adventure.
But to realize a promising future, we must also protect our basic
common heritage -- the environment. Six weeks ago, in Mainz, I
proposed cooperation between East and West on environmental
issues. What a tragedy it would be if your continent was again
spoiled, this time not by war, but by a more subtle and insidious
danger -- that of poisoned rivers and acid rain.
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. And you are
leading the way in environmental agreements with the West.
9
( (Substance to come) )
CONCLUSION
In our economic, cultural and environmental relations, we
have much to share and learn from each other. The United States
is especially determined to stand by Hungary as you meet an
enormous challenge. No Communist nation has yet attempted what
Hungary is already doing -- to build democracy and a free market.
For centuries, the youth of Hungary has been martyred in
many fights for freedom. This was struggle of Jamos (Yanosh)
Hertelendy (HERTEL-indy), and this was the struggle of many of
your parents. But today, young Hungarians can, without fear,
plan for a future of freedom and peace.
Throughout the Communist world today, as a younger
generation is preparing to assume power, a great debate is
underway. In this debate, Moscow advocates limited political
freedom, but without economic rights. Beijing practices limited
economic freedom, but without political liberty. Where are
political and economic liberty peacefully advancing together? In
Hungary.
I see a great Hungarian future in the bright faces of your
youth. You know it is not enough to let men and women purchase
what you want or cast a symbolic vote. You must be allowed to
say what you believe. You must be allowed to choose your
government. Limited freedom, whether it is economic or
10
political, will not provide sufficient room for the restless
human spirit.
Benjamin Franklin, the sage of the American Revolution, said
that love of liberty and the rights of man should someday become
so widespread, "that a philosopher may set his foot anywhere on
the surface (of the earth) and say: This is my country.
Because of your courage, that is the Hungary we can see
before us; a better Hungary, a greater Hungary, a place any
countryman of freedom could call home.
Thank you and God bless you all.
#
#
#
CHRISS -
HERE'S THE REDRAFT
COMBINING D² w/ NSC -
Also ATTATHED-
- DAVE'S CHANGES
- -NSC CHANGES
- A. CABLE FROM BUDAPEST
STATION, QROB. BEST iNTER-
PRETED By NSC
March
Items in teiple
bRACKET were CUT FROM
Davis/Martin
July 6, 1989
NSC DRAFT- -
Title: b:karl
Draft: Two
PRESIDENTIAL ADDR
Also, SAME conclusion
here AS in ols DRAft
Ladies and ?
M.D.
It's a pleasure
to be back in Bu
e first American
President to visit Hungary.
Some might find it ironic that I am speaking at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me
...)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
nation, since it originates at Karl Marx and makes stops at the
National Center, Parliament and the Central Committee. Many
great Hungarian leaders have also moved along this same route,
among them Miklos (MEEK-losh) Nemeth (NAY-met) and Mihaly (MEE-
hi) Simai (SHE-mi-ee). But before any of them, there was a
teacher at Karl Marx University, and his name was Imre (EEMH-ray)
Nagy (NUDGE). ((PAUSE))
As the slow reburial procession moved through Heroes'
Square, the rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of
the National Hymn. And in this simple, somber ceremony, the
world saw something more than a dignified act of reconciliation.
2
We witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a new
future
a generation waited to honor Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy's
(NUDGE'S) courage; may a hundred generations revere it.
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
Europe, America is rediscovering Hungary. One of the most
popular non-fiction books in my country today is entitled
Budapest 1900. Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest
of memory, with its proud stock exchange and great opera; a time
when Europe's first electric subway ran underneath the handsome
shops of Andrassy Avenue.
A city that rivaled Paris in its splendor
Vienna in
its music
London in its literature. A center of learning
that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of genius
in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for decades,
this great city, this great nation, so central to the continent
in every respect, was torn from Europe and the West.
Today Hungary is opening again to the West -- becoming a
leading light in European culture. I see people in motion. I
see color and creativity replacing grey conformity. The
atmosphere of Hungary is electric, alive with optimism.
Your people and your leaders -- government and opposition
alike -- are not afraid to break with the past, to act in the
spirit of truth. And what better example of this could there be
than one simple fact: Karl Marx University has dropped Das
Kapital from its required reading list
3
Historians say that Marxism arose out of a humane impulse.
But Karl Marx traced only
ence, and
missed the rest of the
varied
tapestry of civilizati
pless being
shaped by impersonal e
MARKED line ADOS
re than that.
He is artistic.
I
yellow ADDITION. It EQUIUO
and enjoy
beauty.
He is a lovin
my BALANCE, w/out
CATING MARXISM w/
yal patriot
to his people. And Man
CAPITALISM
= be denied
he is a creature C
The creative genius
suppressed, is again flo
in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
of freedom. It is Hungary returning home.
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will soon
broadcast everything from the news
to the pop music of Huey
Lewis and the News. Even more dramatic, Radio Free Europe is
opening its first Budapest bureau.
Along your border with Austria, the ugly symbol of Europe's
division and Hungary's isolation is coming down, as the barbed
wire fences are rolled into bales. For the first time, the Iron
Curtain has begun to part. And Hungary is leading the way.
The Soviet Union has withdrawn many troops, which I take
also as an early sign that Europe's division is nearing an end.
And as they leave, let the Soviet leaders know they have
4
everything to gain, and nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful
change. We can work together to move beyond containment, beyond
the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
pale before the fact that Hungary is at the threshold of great
and historic change. You are writing a new constitution -- a
your NY
Hungarian Rights of Man that will sanction democratic, multi-
party elections.
ecause brave men and women have formed
(YELLOWMARKCD)
d this is possible because Hungarian
NSC language here
ultimate political courage -- the courage
WAS AWK. This is
my formulation
efore the people.
reform, you will need partners -- partners
change in Hungary. I am here to offer
of the United States of America.
s stand out in our partnership --
nd cultural exchange, and the environment.
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
The United States believes in the acceleration of change,
not in its delay. So this our guiding principle -- the United
States will offer assistance not to prop up the status quo, but
to propel reform.
Of course, the dead weight of the past still burdens
Hungarian enterprise. There are remnants of the Stalinist
economy -- huge, inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering
5
price system no one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud
economic decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise
achieve. It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
To make the transition to a productive economy will test
your mettle as a people. The prices of some commodities may
rise. Some inefficient factories will close. But the Hungarian
government has already started to leave the business of running
shops to shopkeepers and of farms to farmers. And the creative
drive of the people, once unleashed, will create a momentum of
its own. This will bring you a greater treasure than the riches
you will create. It will give each of you control over your
destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
Just look to the West of the Danube -- your European
neighbors are forming a single market. Soon you will have the
chance to trade with this new economic colossus. But, as I said,
the United States will also be your partner in this
transformation to a successful competitive economy. I am here to
announce the following measures.
First, as you know, I will propose at the Paris Economic
Summit the formation of a Consortium for Poland and Hungary, to
back your reforms with economic and technical assistance programs
from the Summit partners. Of course, our program for Hungary
will be targeted to your needs.
Second, I will ask the U.S. Congress to authorize a $25
million grant to establish a Hungarian-American Enterprise
6
Foundation, a source of new capital to invigorate the Hungarian
private-sector.
Third, once your Parliament passes the new emigration
legislation proposed by your Council of Ministers, I will inform
our Congress that Hungary is in full compliance with our 1974
Trade Act. Hungary will then qualify for the maximum most-
favored nation trade status under U.S. law.
Fourth, America is prepared to provide your country with
access to our Generalized System of Preferences, which offers
selective tariff relief. Simply put, these last two measures
will open the door to the largest single market in the world.
In the United States, the vibrancy and strength of our
economy relies on the creativity of millions of small businesses.
Therefore, I am pleased to note our fifth measure, the formation
of the Hungarian Enterprise Group, which will match venture
capital, both foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -- the
small busines
ideas.
How is this DIFFERENT
Sixth, W
FROM #2?
nent to authorize the
Overseas Priv
perate in Hungary.
Is thE HUNGARIAN AMED-
Once our Senat
ICAN ENTERPRISE FounDA -
OPIC will be able to
provide insura non the SAME thing AS
stment in private
the Hung. Ent. GROUP?
enterprises in
If not, CAN we SROUP
ment company, Bear-
Stern, has alr
them together?
ngary Fund" to pool
resources to p
mpanies.
What does
ingary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
7
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (SAY-chaney), who coined a phrase in his
great work on econo
has been; I
like to think it wi
- Hungary will
CAN we CUT
be great again.
HERE ?
DEMOCRATIC AND CULT
( ( (These are t
iscuss with your
leaders. But I als
ider exchange
between East and We
ists and our
environmentalists c
.
So that our
soldiers and statesmen discuss peace and our students discuss the
future. ))) ( (PAUSE) )
In such exchanges, we want to help you in your quest for a
new beginning as a democratic Hungary. So the United States is
committing more than $6 million to private cultural and
educational opportunities in Eastern Europe. We will make
available funds for a series of major new U.S. -Hungarian exchange
programs -- among Congressmen and legislative experts, among
labor and business leaders, among legal experts, among community
leaders, educators and young people. We are creating dozens of
fellowships to enable Hungarians to study at American
universities. And we will fund endowed chairs in American
studies at your universities
and books -- many thousands of
them -- to fill the shelves of your American Management Institute
and the libraries of schools and universities across Hungary.
8
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
center, which will be an open house of books, magazines and
videocassettes -- an open house of ideas.
When it comes to the language of America, the teaching of
English is one of our most popular exports. As students you know
that English is the lingua franca of world business, the key to
clinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto. So to open the global
market to more Hungarians, I am pleased to announce that the
Peace Corps will, for the first time, operate in a European
country. And our Peace Corps instructors will come to Budapest
and all 19 counties to teach English.
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVE
To learn a language, to start a business, or to work for a
candidate in a free election, is to embark on a great adventure.
But to realize a promising future, we must also protect our basic
common heritage -- the environment. Six weeks ago, in Mainz, I
proposed cooperation between East and West on environmental
issues. What a tragedy it would be if your continent was again
spoiled, this time not by war, but by a more subtle and insidious
danger -- that of poisoned rivers and acid rain.
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. And you are
leading the way in environmental agreements with the West.
9
( (Substance to come) )
CONCLUSION
In our economic, cultural and environmental relations, we
have much to share and learn from each other. The United States
is especially determined to stand by Hungary as you meet an
enormous challenge. No Communist nation has yet attempted what
Hungary is already doing -- to build democracy and a free market.
I see a great Hungarian future in the bright faces of your
students. But not all young people in the East have as much
freedom as you do. Certainly not your brothers and sisters in
Transylvania.
Your press recently reported that a Romanian girl was lost
in the Maros River. We don't know exactly sure how she died. We
do know that if she had been traveling from Hungary to Austria,
she would have received nothing more than a friendly wave from
the border guard. But she attempted to cross the Maros, and paid
with her life
Her two brothers made it across safely.
We do not know the torments that drove her to risk her life.
But we do know her heart. It is the heart of Anne Frank and
Jamos (Yanosh) Hertelendy (HAN-Yawn-dee). It is the heart of
youth determined to live in freedom
Throughout the Communist world today, as a younger
generation prepares to assume power, a great debate is underway.
In this debate, Moscow advocates limited political freedom, but
10
without economic rights. Beijing practices limited economic
freedom, but without political liberty. Where are political and
economic liberty peacefully advancing together? In Hungary.
The people of Hungary know it is not enough to let men and
women purchase what they want or cast a symbolic vote. They must
be allowed to say what they believe. They must be allowed to
choose their government. Limited freedom, whether it is economic
or political, will not provide sufficient room for the restless
human spirit.
Benjamin Franklin, the sage of the American Revolution, said
that love of liberty and the rights of man should someday become
so widespread, "that a philosopher may set his foot anywhere on
the surface (of the earth) and say: 'This is my country.
Because of your courage, that is the Hungary we can see
before us; a better Hungary, a greater Hungary, a place any
countryman of freedom could call home.
Thank you and God bless you all.
#
#
#
givent Hugher
Document No.
7/6/89 12:25
5228
WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM
6/30/89
7/3/89 5:00 PM
DATE:
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY:
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT:
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
MCCLURE
SUNUNU
NEWMAN
SCOWCROFT
DARMAN
See my REMARKS
BATES
IN YELLOW ON P.4.
BREEDEN
CARD
CICCONI
DEMAREST
FITZWATER
GRAY
HAGIN
REMARKS:
Please forward any comments directly to Chriss Winston, Rm.
122, x2930, no later than 5:00 Monday, July 3, 1989, with an
info copy to my office.
RESPONSE:
James W. Clcconi
Assistant to the President
and Deputy to the Chief of Staff
Ext. 2702
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
TIME STAMP URGENT
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT STAFFING DOCUMENT
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/
Davis/Martin
June 29, 1989
Title: Hungary
Draft: One
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
(Date, Time)
Ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Csaki (CHAH-kee). It's a pleasure
to be back in Budapest, and I am proud to be the first American
President to visit Hungary.
Some might find it ironic that I am speaking at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me
)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
nation, since it originates at Karl Marx and makes stops at the
National Center, Parliament and the Central Committee. Many
great Hungarian leaders have also moved along this same route,
NAY-met
among them Miklos Nemeth (Namath) and Zsigmond (Zig-mund) Jarai
(JAR-ree). But before any of them, there was a teacher at Karl
Marx University, and his name was Imre ((EEMH-ray) Nage (NAZH).
funeral
a few weeks ago)
As his slow procession moved through Heroes' Square, the
1
rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of the Szozat
(SO-zat). And in this simple, somber reburial, the world saw
something more than a dignified act of reconciliation. We
witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
[one] more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a
2
2
new future
a generation waited to honor his courage; may a
hundred generations remember it.
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
the world once again looks to you for inspiration
Europe, America is rediscovering you. One of the (bestselling)
2
non-fiction books in my country today is entitled Budapest 1900.
Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest of memory
( (Quote to come))
This was a city that rivaled Paris in its splendor, Vienna
in its music and London in its literature. This was a center of
learning that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of
genius in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for
decades, this great city, this great nation, so central to the
continent in every respect, was torn from Europe and the West.
But the city and country I see today is again opening to the
West, again becoming a leading light in European culture. I see
people in motion. I see color and creativity replacing grey
conformity. I sense an atmosphere that is electric, alive with
optimism. There is a New spirit of experimentation -- of making
This is happening because your people and your leaders --
a new beginning.
are not afraid
government and opposition alike have the courage to break with
the past, to act in the spirit of truth. And what better example
than this ironic fact : Karl Mary University ha , dropped
of this could there be than one simple fact Karl Marx University
Das Kapital from its required reading list
has dropped Das Kapital from its required reading list
]
Karl Marx traced only one thread of human existence, and
missed the rest of the tapestry -- the colorful and varied
3
3
tapestry of civilization. Marx regarded Man as an economic
being. But Man is more than that.
He is artistic Man. He has an innate need to create and
enjoy beauty. He is a loving member of a family, and a loyal
patriot to his people. And Man is something else which cannot be
denied
he is a creature of God
The creative genius of the Hungarian people, long
suppressed, is again flourishing in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
of freedom. It's a rebirth, a Renaissance of Hungary.
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will soon
broadcast everything from the news
to Huey Lewis and the
News. And even Radio Free Europe is opening its first Budapest
bureau.
along your burder with Austria, backed wire is
being removed barbed wire, the Symbol of Europe's division,
More than one hundred thousand Americans visited Hungary
last year -- and more than 20,000 Hungarians have come to
of separation from the rest of Europe
America. This very university operates exchange programs with 23
U.S. schools. For the first time, the Iron Curtain has begun to
part. Hungary is changing the world.
also
The Soviet Union has withdrawn many troops, which I take as
of overcomeng the decision of Europe.
a first sign that Moscow truly respects your sovereignty. And as
leaders
they leave, let the Soviets know they have everything to gain,
and nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful change. Nor should we
4
4.
We can work together to move beyond containment, beyond the
Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
pale before this --- Hungary is at the threshold of great and
historic change. You are writing a new consitution -- a real
constitution -- and you are moving toward democratic, multiparty
elections.
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
BF.
Hungary is embarking on an odyssey of change. I am here to tell
you that the United States is with you.
We want to help you
build an alternative future -- a democratic future.
We are ready to help promote lasting change in Hungary in three
vital spheres -- economics, the creation of democratic
instituions, and the nvrionment.
Last Thursday, before leaving Washington, I hosted a White
Don't NEED DONITASED HUNGARIANS
House Symposium on Eastern Europe. I spoke to leaders fromt he
American private sector -- from business, education, labor and
other fields -- and I urged them to be involved in Hungary, to
help Hungary build its democratic future. Their response was
encouraging. America will be involved.
INVESTING IN HUNGARY
The United States believes aid should accelerate change, not
delay it. So this is our guiding principle -- the united STates
offers aid not to prop up the status quo, but to propel reform.
the
4(a)
Of course, the dead weight of the past still burdens Hugnarian
enterprise. The remnants of the Stalinist economy, with its
huge, inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering price
system no one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud
economic decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise
achieve. It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
VIA
5
5
And, ultimately, it's a burden to be discarded. To make the
transition to a market economy will test your mettle as a people.
The prices of some commodities will rise. Some inefficient
factories will close. Hard choices already await you. But the
creative drive of the people, once unleashed, will create a
momentum of its own. This will eventually bring you something
each of
greater than the riches you will create. It will give you
control over your destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
The Hungarian government has already started to leave the
business of running shops to shopkeepers and farms to farmers.
As you change, so will you integrate into the world economy.
Just look to the West of the Danube -- your European neighbors
are forming a single market. Soon you will have the chance to
trade with this new economic colossus. But the United States
will also be your partner in this transformation to a successful
NSERT
competitive economy.
Third,
posser
So So with trade in mind, once your future Parliament legalizes
the free of its citizens I will inform Congress that
emigration legislation proposedby your Council of ministers,
in compliance
our
Hungary will then
Hungary is complying with the 1974 Trade Act. This will entitle
qualify for
you to the maximum most-favored nation tariff status possible
under U.S. law. Simply put, the largest single market in the
world is opening its doors to you.
Fourth,
sroud
access to our
America is also prepared to Include Hungary in the
offers relective tariff
generalized system of preferences, which provides duty free entry
relet for beneficiary countries.
for certain goods. Hungary can and should -- develop the same
/
6
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
5-Jul-1989 16:45 EDT
CONFIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM FOR:
Condoleezza Rice
( RICE )
FROM:
Robert L. Hutchings
SEWRITE FROM m DDDLE
(HUTCHINGS)
OF PAGE 5 ON
SUBJECT:
KarlMarx
First, as I announced in Warsaw, I will propose at the Paris
Economic Summit the formation of a Consortium for Poland and
Hungary, which will coordinate the economic and technical
assistance programs of our Summit partners in support of your
reforms. And we need to take account of the Herent
sconomic thations in the two countries our coordinated program
Second, I will ask the U.S. Congress to authorize a $25
for will)be things
million grant to establish a Hungarian-American Enterprise
aimed a
Foundation to capitalize and invigorate the Hungarian private
mean.
sector. I will also encourage parallel efforts from the other
your
needs
nations of the Economic Summit.
Third, once your Parliament passes the new emigration
legislation proposed by your Council of Ministers, I will inform
our Congress that Hungary is in full compliance with our 1974
Trade Act. Hungary will then qualify for the maximum
most-favored-nation tariff status possible under U.S. law. Simply
put, the largest single market in the world is opening its doors
to you.
Fourth, America is prepared to provide Hungary access to our
2
7
Generalized System of Preferences, which offers selective tariff
relief for beneficiary countries.
Fifth, I am pleased to note the formation of the Hungarian
Enterprise Group, which will match venture capital, both foreign
and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -- the small businessmen and
-women with grand ideas. Some of you here today may have a few
grand ideas of your own. Perhaps you will benefit from just this
kind of collaboration.
Sixth, we have concluded a draft agreement to authorize the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation to operate in Hungary.
Once our Senate passes enabling legislation, OPIC will be able to
provide insurance to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. Many innovate programs are underway
already. Consider, for example, the American investment company
Bears-Stearn, which has established a special "Hungary Fund,"
which pools resources to purchase shares in Hungarian companies.
What does private investment mean for Hungary? restorday at
Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
maybe
From the same man #
quote
patriot.
ang
it
was
another
Hungarian
patriot,
a
contemporary
of
another
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (SAY chaney), who coined a phrase in his
thisone contradicts
great work on economics Hungary was not but will be. of this
theme 1
we
are
sure
Hungary
will
be
great
again
3
male
Hungary was
and will be
DEMOCRATIC CHANGE
again
But what Hungary seeks is not measured just in economic
terms. And the assistance we offer is not only economic. We want
to help you as you seek an alternative future for your country --
a democratic alternative.
3
8
also
The United States is committing more than $6 million for
to Provite culture at education appotmities
initiatives to support democratic change in Eastern Europe. We
mde availd)6
will provide funds for a series of major new U.S.-Hungarian
exchange programs -- among Congressmen and legislative experts,
among labor and business leaders, among experts and practitioners
in the field of law, among community leaders, educators, and young
people. We are creating dozens of fellowships whereby Hungarians
can study at American universities, and we will fund endowed
chairs in American studies at your universities. And books --
many thousands of them -- to fill the shelves of your American
Management Institute and the libraries of schools and universities
across Hungary.
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
center, which will be an open house of books, magazines, and
videocassettes -- and open house of ideas.
I am pleased to announce that the Peace Corps will, for the
first time, operate in a European country. And our Peace Corps
instructors will come DO Budapest and all 19 counties to teach
English. As students, you know that English is the language of
world business, the key to successful commerce from Hong Kong to
Toronto. It also opens the doors to science, technology, and the
arts. It is among our most valuable exports.
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVE
To build democratic institutions, to embark on a path of
economic revitalization -- these are the elements of Hungary's
4
9
future. But to realize a promising future, we must work together
to protect our basic common possession -- the environment. Six
weeks ago, in Mainz, I proposed cooperation between East and West
on environmental issues. What a tragedy it would be if your
continent were again spoiled, this time not by war, but by a more
subtle danger -- that of poisoned rivers and acid rain.
Hungary has led eastern and central Europe in addressing the
concerns of its citizens for cleaner air and water. And you are
leading the way in environmental agreements with the West.
( ( ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVE TO COME) )
Pollution is no respecter of borders. Let us work together
to save our common inheritance.
MEETING THE FUTURE
In economic reform and democratic change, in cultural and
environmental cooperation, there are great opportunities -- and,
yes, great challenges. Hungary has a lot of work ahead; so do the
United States and Hungary, working together to build a better
future -- a democratic future.
Your challenge is enormous and historic. No nation has yet
attempted what you are now attempting: to build political
democracy and decentralized economic enterprise on the ruins of a
failed Stalinist system.
Given the opportunity to show your characteristic initiative,
creativity, and resourcefulness, I believe that the Hungarian
people can meet the challenge. You stand on the threshold of a
new era of economic development and democratic change.
I believe you are ready to meet the future. I see a country
5
10
well on the way. I see a country rich in human resources and rich
in the moral courage of its people. I see a nation transcending
its past and reaching out to its destiny. I congratulate you for
having come so far.
Let us be equal to the opportunity that lies before us. Let
us have history write of us that we were the generation that made
Europe whole and free.
Thank you.
4
fear new thinking from Mr. Gorbacher, We can work together to
move beyond containment, beyond the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
great and
pale before this Hungary is at the threshold of doing what no
misturic change you are wring a new constitution a real
other Communist power has done in history. You are going to
become the first Warsaw Pact nation to ever hold a truly free
constitution and you are moving toward demonate multiparty
elections
election.
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
We are ready to help promote lasting change in Hungary in
three vital spheres -- economics, cultural exchange and the
democrate change,
environment. Hungary is embarking on an odyssey of change. I am
here to tell you that the United States is with you. We want to help
you build an
alternative future
- a democrate
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
alternative
The United States believes aid should accelerate change, not
delay it. So this our guiding principle -- the United States
offers aid not to prop up the status quo, but to propel reform.
Of course, the dead weight of the past still burdens
Hungarian enterprise. The remnants of the Stalinist economy,
with its huge, inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering
price system no one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud
economic decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise
achieve. It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
while
a
Last
Thursday,
before
from
spoke
House
Symp
labor
other Amer can and P1 T, urged sectire them to be involveding Hangary help
to
Unneary's demosiate future. Their response was encouraging they involve be
6
trade access to the American market that your Western neighbors
enjoy
The United States will offer some government assistance,
including an entrepreneurial fund for economically depressed
regions of your country. In years past, loans were written and
accepted with little thought paid to their utility. We ve
learned that massive government and institutional loans hobble
whole nations with debt while private investment liberates
creditor and debtor alike. The U.S. government can and will
match American private sector investment in Hungary investment
where it counts, in Hungarian factories, products and jobs.
Fifth,
I am pleased to note the recent U.S. Hungarian agreement to
promote the formation and development of small, private
formation of
businesses all across your country statled the Hungarian
Enterprise Group, this center will match venture capital, both
foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -- the small
businessmen and -women with the grand ideas. Some of you here
today may have a few grand ideas of your own. Perhaps you will
benefit from just such a collaboration.
Sixth, name concluded a draft agreement, to
We will seen authorize the Overseas Private Investment
opened
Corporation to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. So far, however, little encouragement
much progress has been made cliendy
Inco
has been needed. Consider the American investment company,
Bears-Stearn, which has already established a special "Hungary
Fund." This private pool of investment will purchase shares in
Their
Hungarian companies, helping to develop a Hungarian stock market.
Last Thursday, before learing Washington, hord h a
leader from the American purch meets from business,
white House Symposism on Ekekin tarope I spike
abternative,
advication, labor, and other oriends and I aryea them
to be engaged in Hungary, to help build Hingary demonate
7
What does private investment mean for Hungary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (Say-chaney), who coined a phrase in his
great work on edonomics: "Hungary was not, but will be." Of this
we are sure -- Hungary will be great again.
CULTURAL EXCHANGE
These are the economic proposals I will discuss with your
leaders. But I am also here to meet the Hungarian people. I
hope this visit leads to a wider exchange between East and West.
Let our scientists, our artists, our environmentalists share the
knowledge that can benefit us all. Let our soldiers and
statesmen discuss peace and our students discuss the future.
In fact, our student exchange programs are the most
already endimonsly
successful. They have grown fast and can still accommodate
thousands more. For this reason, I am pleased to announce that
the United States Information Agency is going to initiate six new
youth exchange programs in Hungary. To the students here today,
I want you to know that the doors of America's universities are
open to you.
THE am pleased to announce two agreements with your
government on tourism and civilian air exchange to come))
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
It also opens the doors TO
science, technology and the
8
arts. It is one of our most
valuable exprrts.
center, which will promote bilateral trade by helping Hungarians
to learn American culture.
And when it comes to the language of America, the teaching
of English is one of our most popular exports. As students you
langue
know that English is the lingua franca of world business, the key
to elinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto. So to give
Hungarians greater entree into the global marketplace, I am
pleased to announce that the Peace Corps will, for the first
time, operate in a European country. And our Peace Corps
instructors will come to Budapest and all 19 counties to teach
English.
INITIATNE
ENVIRONMENTAL EXCHANGE
To learn a language, to start a business, is to embark on a
realize
great adventure. But to fulfill a promising future, we must also
protect our basic common possession -- the environment. Six
weeks ago, in Mainz, I proposed cooperation between East and West
on environmental issues. What a tragedy it would be if your
continent was again spoiled, this time not by war, but by a more
subtle and insidious danger -- that of poisoned rivers and acid
rain.
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. And you are
leading the way in environmental agreements with the West.
[The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Hungarian government
9
have just agreed on new programs for exchanges and joint training
of environmental experts
INITIATIVE
( (Substance to come))
Pollution is no respecter of borders. Let us work together
nnevitance
to save our common heritage.
In economics, culture and the environment, we have much to
share and learn from each other. The United States is especially
determined to stand by Hungary as you meet an enormous challenge.
No Communist nation has yet attempted what Hungary is already
doing -- to build democracy and a free market
Substance on Democracy consortium/help from great parties
of the West to come)
I see a great Hungarian future in the bright faces of your
students But not all young people in the East Bloc have as much
freedom as you do to plan their future. Certainly not your
brothers and sisters in Transylvania.
Your press recently reported that a Romanian girl was lost
in the Maros River. We don't know exactly sure how she died.
But we know that if she had been traveling from Hungary to
Austria, she would have received nothing more than a friendly
wave from the border guard. But she attempted to cross the
Maros, and paid with her life
Her two brothers made it
across safely.
We do not know the torments that drove her to risk her life.
But we do know her heart. It is the heart of Anne Frank and
10
Hertelendy (HERT-Itndy) Jamos (Yamosh). It is the heart of youth
determined to live in freedom
Throughout the Communist world today, as a younger
generation prepares to assume power, a great debate is underway.
In this debate, Moscow advocates limited political freedom, but
without economic rights. Beijing practices limited economic
freedom, but without political liberty. Where are political and
economic liberty peacefully advancing together? In Hungary.
The people of Hungary know it is not enough to let men and
women purchase what they want or cast a symbolic vote. They must
be allowed to say what they believe. They must be allowed to
choose their government. Limited freedom, whether it is economic
or political, will not provide sufficient room for the restless
human spirit.
Benjamin Franklin, the sage of the American Revolution, said
that love of liberty and the rights of man should someday become
so widespread, "that a philosopher may set his foot upon anywhere
on the surface (of the earth) and say: 'this is my country.'"
Because of your courage, that is the Hungary we can see
before us; a better Hungary, a greater Hungary, a place any
countryman of freedom could call home.
Thank you and God bless you all.
#
#
#
Davis/Martin
June 29, 1989
Two CHAnges I'm
Title: Hungary
Draft: One
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS not QUITE SURE ABOUT
IN YELLOW.
Ladies and gent
It's a pleasure
to be back in Budape
first American
President to visit H
Some might finc
at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me
)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
nation, since it originates at Karl Marx and makes stops at the
National Center, Parliament and the Central Committee. Many
great Hungarian leaders have also moved along this same route,
among them Miklos Nemeth (Namath) and Zsigmond (Zig-mund) Jarai
(JAR-ree). But before any of them, there was a teacher at Karl
Marx University, and his name was Imre ((EEMH-ray) Nage (NAZH).
And
returned
As his slow ^ procession moved through Heroes' Square, the
rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of the Szozat
(SO-zat). And in this simple, somber ceremony the world saw
something more than a dignified act of reconciliation. We
witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
one more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a
and though his courage will be inspiration
only now is he honored an by the
2
last generation, 00 the next generation
though the last had to wait him
new future
generation waited to honor his courage; may
hundred generations remember it. his courage will inspire the next
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
Europe, America is rediscovering Hensary. you. One of the ( (bestselling))
non-fiction books in my country today is entitled Budapest 1900.
Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest of memory
( (Quote to come))
This
was city that rivaled Paris in its splendor; Vienna
in its music London in its literature. This was center of
learning that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of
genius in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for
decades, this great city, this great nation, so central to the
continent in every respect, was torn from Europe and the West.
Today Hengory is changing -
But the city and country I see today is again opening acain to the
West, again becoming a leading light in European culture. I see
people in motion. color and creativity replacing grey
There's electric
conformity. F sense an atmosphere that is electric alive with
^
optimism.
This is happening because your people and your leaders --
government and opposition alike -- have the courage to break with
the past, to act in the spirit of truth. And what better example
of this could there be than one simple fact: Karl Marx University
has dropped Das Kapital from its required reading list
Karl Marx traced only one thread of human existence, and
missed the rest of the tapestry -- the colorful and varied
No
1
the humm condition. 3
tapestry of sivilization. Marx regarded Man as an economic
being. But Man is more than that.
He is artistic. He has an innate need to create and
enjoy beauty. He is a loving member of a family, and a loyal
patriot to his people. And Man is something else which cannot be
denied
he is a creature of God
The creative genius of the Hungarian people, long
suppressed, is again flourishing in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
It is
of freedom. It's a rebirth, a Renaissance of Hungary returning home
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will soon
broadcast everything from the news
PACK pop STAR
to Huey Lewis and the
News. And even Radio Free Europe is opening its first Budapest
bureau.
More than one hundred thousand Americans visited Hungary
last year -- and more than 20,000 Hungarians have come to
America. This very university operates exchange programs with 23
U.S. schools. And For the first time, the Iron Curtain has begun to
leading The way.
part. Hungary is changing the world.
The Soviet Union has withdrawn many troops, which I take as
a first sign that Moscow truly respects your sovereignty. And as
they leave, let the Soviets know they have everything to gain,
and nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful change. Nor should we
4
fear new thinking from Mr. Gorbachev. We can work together to
move
move beyond containment, beyond the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
the fact that
making
pale before this Hungary is at the threshold of doing what no
other Communist power has done in history. You are going to
become the first Warsaw Pact nation to ever hold a truly free
election.
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
is But you need faitners - partners poised
NO are ready to help promote lasting change in Hungary. in I am
here to tell you that the inited States is possed and ready. I am here
three vital spheres economics, cultural exchange and the
to tell you the united States can we pour partner.
environment. Hungary is embarking on an odyssey of change I am
here to tell you that the United States is with you.
cuttuale/ch
Three vital spheres stand out - economics, the environ
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
m
The United States believes aid should accelerate change, not its
delay *. So this our guiding principle -- the United States of will
assistance
offers aid not to prop up the status quo, but to propel reform.
Of course, the dead weight of the past still burdens
Hungarian enterprise. The care remnants of the Stalinist economy
-
1
with its huge, inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering
price system no one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud
economic decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise
achieve. It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
5
And, ultimately, It s.a burden to be discarded. To make the
productive
transition to a market economy will test your mettle as a people.
The prices of some commodities may rise. Some inefficient
factories will close Hard choices already awalt you. And the
creative drive of the people, once unleashed, will create a
momentum of its own. This will eventually bring you something
teame
a
greater ^ than the riches you will create. It will give you
control over your destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
Yout The Hungarian government has already started to leave the
business of running shops to shopkeepers and farms to farmers.
As you change, so will you integrate into the world economy.
P Just look to the West of the Danube -- your European neighbors
are forming a single market. Soon you will have the chance to
trade with this new economic colossus. But the United States
will also be your partner in this transformation to a successful
competitive economy
So with Because trade in mind, once your future Parliament legalizes
the free movement of its citizens, I will inform Congress that
Hungary is complying with the 1974 Trade Act. This will entitle
you to the maximum most-favored nation tariff status possible
these tivomeasmes open the don to
under U.S. law. Simply put, the largest single market in the
world. is opening its doors to you.
your country
America is also prepared to include Hungary in the
generalized system of preferences, which provides duty-free entry
for certain goods Hungary can and should develop the same
6
trade access to the American market that your Western neighbors
enjoy. Some have raised the question 8 government assistance
nand willdore. And yeo, we will offer
The United States will offer some government assistance,
including an entrepreneurial fund for economically depressed
regions of your country. In years past, loans were written and
However
accepted with little thought paid to their utility. We've all
learned that massive government and institutional loans hobble
whole nations with debt, while private investment liberates
creditor and debtor alike. The U.S. government can and will
united The your
match American private-sector investment in Hungary -- investment
where it counts, in Hungarian factories, products and jobs.
and the
Therefore
I am pleased to note the recent U.S.-Hungarian agreement to
promote the formation and development of small, private
businesses all across your country. Called the Hungarian
Measeness by Heator.
Enterprise Group, this center will match venture capital, both
foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -- the small
businessmen and -women with the grand ideas. Some of you here
today may have a few grand ideas of your own. Perhaps you will
benefit from just such a collaboration.
And, We will soon authorize the Overseas Private Investment
Corporation to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. So far, however, little encouragement
has been needed. Consider the American investment company,
Bears-Stearn, which has already established a special "Hungary
Fund." This private pool of investment will purchase shares in
Hungarian companies, helping to develop a Hungarian stock market.
7
What does private investment mean for Hungary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (Say-chaney), who coined a phrase in his
great work on economics: "Hungary was not, but will be. Of this
we are sure -- Hungary will be great again.
CULTURAL EXCHANGE
These are the economic proposals I will discuss with your
leaders. But I am also here to meet the Hungarian people. I
hope this visit leads to a wider exchange between East and West.
certains one another
our artists, our environmentalists share the
knowledge that can benefit us all. Let our soldiers and
statesmen discuss peace and our students discuss the future.
In fact, our student exchange programs are the most
successful. They have grown fast and can still accommodate
thousands more. For this reason, I am pleased to announce that
the United States Information Agency is going to initiate six new
youth exchange programs in Hungary. To the students here today,
I want you to know that the doors of America's universities are
open to you.
((I am pleased to announce two agreements with your
government -- on tourism and civilian air exchange to come))
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
8
center, which will promote bilateral trade by helping Hungarians
to learn American culture.
And when it comes to the language of America, the teaching
of English is one of our most popular exports. As students you
know that English is the lingua franca of world business, the key
to clinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto. So to give
Hungarians greater entree into the global marketplace, I am
pleased to announce that the Peace Corps will, for the first
time, operate in a European country. And our Peace Corps
instructors will come to Budapest and all 19 counties to teach
English.
ENVIRONMENTAL EXCHANGE
To learn a language, to start a business, is to embark on a
great adventure. But to fulfill a promising future, we must also
protect our basic common beitage possession -- the environment. Six
weeks ago, in Mainz, I proposed cooperation between East and West
on environmental issues. What a tragedy it would be if your
continent was again spoiled, this time not by war, but by a more
subtle and insidious danger -- that of poisoned rivers and acid
rain.
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. And you are
leading the way in environmental agreements with the West. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Hungarian government
9
have just agreed on new programs for exchanges and joint training
of environmental experts.
((Substance to come))
Pollution is no respecter of borders. Let us work together
to save our common heritage.
In economics, culture and the environment, we have much to
share and learn from each other. The United States is especially
determined to stand by Hungary as you meet an enormous challenge.
No Communist nation has yet attempted what Hungary is already
doing -- to build democracy and a free market.
( (Substance on Democracy consortium/help from great parties
of the West to come) )
I see a great Hungarian future in the bright faces of your
students. But not all young people in the East Bloc have as much
freedom as you do to plan their future Certainly not your
brothers and sisters in Transylvania.
Your press recently reported that a Romanian girl was lost
in the Maros River. We don't know exactly sure how she died.
But we know that if she had been traveling from Hungary to
Austria, she would have received nothing more than a friendly
wave from the border guard. But she attempted to cross the
Maros, and paid with her life
Her two brothers made it
across safely.
We do not know the torments that drove her to risk her life.
But we do know her heart. It is the heart of Anne Frank and
10
Hertelendy (HERT-lindy) Jamos (Yamosh). It is the heart of youth
determined to live in freedom
Throughout the Communist world today, as a younger
generation prepares to assume power, a great debate is underway.
In this debate, Moscow advocates limited political freedom, but
without economic rights. Beijing practices limited economic
freedom, but without political liberty. Where are political and
economic liberty peacefully advancing together? In Hungary.
The people of Hungary know it is not enough to let men and
women purchase what they want or cast a symbolic vote. They must
be allowed to say what they believe. They must be allowed to
choose their government. Limited freedom, whether it is economic
or political, will not provide sufficient room for the restless
human spirit.
Benjamin Franklin, the sage of the American Revolution, said
that love of liberty and the rights of man should someday become
so widespread, "that a philosopher may set his foot upon anywhere
on the surface (of the earth) and say: 'this is my country.
Because of your courage, that is the Hungary we can see
before us; a better Hungary, a greater Hungary, a place any
countryman of freedom could call home.
Thank you and God bless you all.
#
#
#
Document No. 04989855
WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM
7/10/89
----
DATE:
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY:
SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
MCCLURE
SUNUNU
NEWMAN
SCOWCROFT
PORTER
DARMAN
STUDDERT
BATES
UNTERMEYER
BREEDEN
ROGERS
CARD
WINSTON
CICCONI
PINKERTON
DEMAREST
FITZWATER
GRAY
HAGIN
REMARKS:
A mellekelt el lett küldve az Elnöknek.
(The attached has been forwarded to the President.)
RESPONSE:
89 JUL 0 A10: 06
James W, Cicconi
Assistant to the President
and Deputy to the Chief of Staff
Ext. 2702
Davis/Martin
July 8, 1989
Title: b:karl
Draft: Five
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
July 12, 1:15 p.m.
Ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Csaki (CHAH-kee). It's a pleasure
to be back in Budapest, and I am proud to be the first American
President to visit Hungary.
Some might find it ironic that I am speaking at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me
)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
country, since its route joins business with academe - academe
with government. Many Hungarian leaders have also moved along
this same route, including Miklos (MEEK-losh) Nemeth (NAY-met).
But before any of them, there was a teacher at Karl Marx
University, and his name was Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy (NUDGE).
((PAUSE))
As his slow reburial procession moved through Heroes'
Square, the rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of
the National Hymn. And in this simple, somber ceremony, the
world saw something more than a dignified act of reconciliation.
We witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a new
2
future
a generation waited to honor Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy's
(NUDGE'S) courage; may a hundred generations remember it.
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
Europe, the world again looks to you for inspiration. A popular
non-fiction book in my country today is entitled Budapest 1900.
Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest of memory, with
its proud stock exchange and great opera; a time when Europe's
first electric subway ran underneath the handsome shops of
Andrassy Avenue.
A city that rivaled Paris in its splendor
Vienna in
its music
London in its literature. A center of learning
that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of genius
in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for decades,
this great city, this great nation, so central to the continent
in every respect, was separated from Europe and the West.
Today Hungary is opening again to the West -- becoming a
leading light in European culture. I see people in motion. I
see color, creativity, experimentation. I see a new beginning
for Hungary
The very atmosphere of Budapest is electric,
alive with optimism.
Your people and your leaders -- government and opposition
alike -- are not afraid to break with the past, to act in the
spirit of truth. And what better example of this could there be
than one simple fact: Karl Marx University has dropped Das
Kapital from its required reading list
3
Some historians argue that Marxism arose out of a humane
impulse. But Karl Marx traced only one thread of human
existence, and missed the rest of the tapestry -- the colorful
and varied tapestry of humanity. Marx regarded Man as a hapless
being shaped by impersonal economic forces. But Man is more than
that.
He is artistic -- Man has an innate need to create and enjoy
beauty. He is a loving member of a family, and a loyal patriot
to his people. And Man is something else which cannot be denied
he is a creature of God
The creative genius of the Hungarian people, long
suppressed, is again flourishing in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
of freedom. It is Hungary returning home.
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will
broadcast everything from the news
to the pop music of Huey
Lewis and the News. And Radio Free Europe is opening its first
Budapest bureau.
Along your border with Austria, the ugly symbol of Europe's
division and Hungary's isolation is coming down, as the barbed
wire fences are rolled and stacked into bales. For the first
time, the Iron Curtain has begun to part. And Hungary is leading
the way.
4
The Soviet Union has withdrawn troops, which I also take as
a first sign of overcoming Europe's division. And as they leave,
let the Soviet leaders know they have everything to gain, and
nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful change. We can work
together to move beyond containment, beyond the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
pale before the fact that Hungary is at the threshold of great
and historic change. ( (You are writing a real constitution --
and you are moving toward democratic, multi-party elections.)
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
But to succeed in reform, you will need partners -- partners
to help promote lasting change in Hungary. I am here to offer
Hungary the partnership of the United States of America.
Three vital spheres stand out in our partnership --
economics, the environment, and democratic and cultural exchange.
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
The United States believes in the acceleration of change,
not in its delay. So this our guiding principle -- the United
States will offer assistance not to prop up the status quo, but
to propel reform.
of course, the weight of the past still burdens Hungarian
enterprise. There are remnants of the Stalinist economy -- huge,
5
inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering price system no
one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud economic
decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise achieve.
It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
To make the transition to a productive economy will test
your mettle as a people. The prices of some commodities may
rise. Some inefficient factories will close. But the Hungarian
government is increasingly leaving the business of running shops
to shopkeepers and farms to farmers. And the creative drive of
the people, once unleashed, will create a momentum of its own.
This will bring you a greater treasure than the riches you will
create. It will give each of you control over your destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
Just look to the West -- your European neighbors are forming
a single market. Soon you will have the chance to trade with
this new economic colossus. But, as I said, the United States
will also be your partner in this transformation to a successful
economy.
Last Thursday, I invited American leaders from business,
education, labor and other fields -- to come to the White House
and discuss the new opportunities opening up in Hungary. Their
response was enthusiastic. Most enthusiastic of all were
Hungarian-Americans, so proud to be building a bridge between
their new country and their motherland. As long as our two
governments ease the way, the people of America and Hungary can
do the rest.
6
It is in this spirit that I announce the following measures.
First, as I said in Warsaw, I will propose at the Paris
Economic Summit concerted Western action for Poland and Hungary,
to back your reforms with economic and technical assistance
programs from the Summit partners. of course, our program for
Hungary will be targeted to your needs.
Second, I will ask the U.S. Congress to authorize a $25
million fund as a source of new capital to invigorate the
Hungarian private-sector. I will also encourage parallel efforts
from the other nations of the Economic Summit.
Third, once your Parliament passes the new emigration
legislation proposed by your Council of Ministers, I will inform
our Congress that Hungary is in full compliance with our 1974
trade law. No country has yet been released from the
restrictions of this Jäckson-Vanik Act. So I am pleased to tell
you that Hungary will be the first. ((PAUSE)) This action will
give Hungary the most liberal access to the American market for
the longest term possible under our laws.
Fourth, America is prepared to provide your country with
access to our Generalized System of Preferences, which offers
selective tariff relief. Simply put, these last two measures
will open the door to the largest single market in the world.
In the United States, the vibrancy and strength of our
economy relies on the creativity of millions of small businesses.
Therefore, I am pleased to note our fifth measure, the formation
of the Hungarian Enterprise Group, which will match private
7
venture capital, both foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -
- the small businessmen and -women with the grand ideas.
Sixth, we have concluded a draft agreement to authorize the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation to operate in Hungary.
Once our Senate passes enabling legislation, OPIC will be able to
provide insurance to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. Through OPIC, American business
executives will see firsthand the great opportunity of Hungary.
( (What does private investment mean for Hungary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (SAY-chaney), who said: "Some think that
Hungary has been; I like to think it will be." of this we are
sure -- Hungary will be great again.) )
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVE
Yet economic progress cannot be at the expense of the air we
breathe and the water we drink. Six weeks ago, in Mainz, I
proposed cooperation between East and West on environmental
issues. That is why I will ask the U.S. Congress to appropriate
$5 million to establish an International Environmental Center for
Central and Eastern Europe, to be based in Budapest, which will
bring together private and government experts and organizations
to address the ecological crisis. Our shared heritage is the
earth. And the fate of the earth is not just an East-West issue;
it is the issue of our times.
8
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. Now you can
do even more, working with the West to build a bridge of
technical and scientific cooperation.
Along these lines, I am also pleased to announce that the
U.S. has proposed an agreement between our two countries to
establish scientific and technical cooperation in the basic
sciences, and in specific areas, including the environment,
medicine and nuclear safety.
DEMOCRATIC AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE
It is my hope that this visit will also lead to a wider
exchange between East and West, so our scientists, our artists
and our environmentalists can learn from one another
So
that our soldiers and statesmen can discuss peace and our
students can discuss the future. ((PAUSE))
But to discuss anything requires a common language. The
teaching of English is one of the most popular American exports.
As students you know that English is the lingua franca of world
business, the key to clinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto.
So to open the global market to more Hungarians, I am pleased to
announce that the Peace Corps will, for the first time, operate
in a European country. And our Peace Corps instructors will come
to Budapest and all 19 counties to teach English.
In such exchanges, we want to help you in your quest for a
new beginning as a democratic Hungary. So the United States is
9
also committing more than $6 million to private cultural and
educational opportunities in Eastern Europe. We will make
available funds for a series of major new U.S. -Hungarian exchange
programs -- among Congressmen and legislative experts, among
labor and business leaders, among legal experts, among community
leaders, educators and young people. We are creating dozens of
fellowships to enable Hungarians to study at American
universities. And we will fund endowed chairs in American
studies at your universities
and books -- many thousands of
them -- to fill the shelves of your American Management Institute
and the libraries of schools and universities across Hungary.
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
center, which will be an open house of books, magazines and
videocassettes -- an open house of ideas.
CONCLUSION
In economic reform and democratic change, in cultural and
environmental cooperation, there are great opportunities -- and,
yes, great challenges. Hungary has a lot of work ahead; so do
the United States and Hungary, working together to build a better
future -- a dynamic future.
Your challenge is enormous and historic: to build a
structure of political change and decentralized economic
enterprise on the ruins of a failed Stalinist system.
10
Given the opportunity to show your characteristic
initiative, creativity and resourcefulness, I believe that the
Hungarian people can meet the challenge. You stand on the
threshold of a new era of economic development and political
change.
I believe you are ready to meet the future. I see a country
well on the way. I see a country rich in human resources and
rich in the moral courage of its people. I see a nation
transcending its past and reaching out to its destiny. I
congratulate you for having come so far.
Let us be equal to the opportunity that lies before us. Let
us have history write of us that we were the generation that made
Europe whole and free.
Thank you.
#
#
#
Davis/Martin
July 8, 1989
Title: b:karl
Draft: Five
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
July 12, 1:15 p.m.
Ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Csaki (CHAH-kee). It's a pleasure
to be back in Budapest, and I am proud to be the first American
President to visit Hungary.
Some might find it ironic that I am speaking at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me ...)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
country, since its route joins business with academe - academe
with government. Many Hungarian leaders have also moved along
this same route, including Miklos (MEEK-losh) Nemeth (NAY-met).
But before any of them, there was a teacher at Karl Marx
University, and his name was Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy (NUDGE).
((PAUSE))
As his slow reburial procession moved through Heroes'
Square, the rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of
the National Hymn. And in this simple, somber ceremony, the
world saw something more than a dignified act of reconciliation.
We witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a new
2
future
a generation waited to honor Imre (EEMH-ray) Nagy's
(NUDGE'S) courage; may a hundred generations remember it.
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
Europe, the world again looks to you for inspiration. A popular
non-fiction book in my country today is entitled Budapest 1900.
Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest of memory, with
its proud stock exchange and great opera; a time when Europe's
first electric subway ran underneath the handsome shops of
Andrassy Avenue.
A city that rivaled Paris in its splendor
Vienna in
its music
London in its literature. A center of learning
that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of genius
in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for decades,
this great city, this great nation, so central to the continent
in every respect, was separated from Europe and the West.
Today Hungary is opening again to the West -- becoming a
leading light in European culture. I see people in motion. I
see color, creativity, experimentation. I see a new beginning
for Hungary
The very atmosphere of Budapest is electric,
alive with optimism.
Your people and your leaders -- government and opposition
alike -- are not afraid to break with the past, to act in the
spirit of truth. And what better example of this could there be
than one simple fact: Karl Marx University has dropped Das
Kapital from its required reading list
3
Some historians argue that Marxism arose out of a humane
impulse. But Karl Marx traced only one thread of human
existence, and missed the rest of the tapestry -- the colorful
and varied tapestry of humanity. Marx regarded Man as a hapless
being shaped by impersonal economic forces. But Man is more than
that.
He is artistic -- Man has an innate need to create and enjoy
beauty. He is a loving member of a family, and a loyal patriot
to his people. And Man is something else which cannot be denied
he is a creature of God
The creative genius of the Hungarian people, long
suppressed, is again flourishing in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
of freedom. It is Hungary returning home.
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will
broadcast everything from the news
...
to the pop music of Huey
Lewis and the News. And Radio Free Europe is opening its first
Budapest bureau.
Along your border with Austria, the ugly symbol of Europe's
division and Hungary's isolation is coming down, as the barbed
wire fences are rolled and stacked into bales. For the first
time, the Iron Curtain has begun to part. And Hungary is leading
the way.
4
The Soviet Union has withdrawn troops, which I also take as
a first sign of overcoming Europe's division. And as they leave,
let the Soviet leaders know they have everything to gain, and
nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful change. We can work
together to move beyond containment, beyond the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
pale before the fact that Hungary is at the threshold of great
and historic change. ( (You are writing a real constitution --
and you are moving toward democratic, multi-party elections.)
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
But to succeed in reform, you will need partners -- partners
to help promote lasting change in Hungary. I am here to offer
Hungary the partnership of the United States of America.
Three vital spheres stand out in our partnership --
economics, the environment, and democratic and cultural exchange.
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
The United States believes in the acceleration of change,
not in its delay. So this our guiding principle -- the United
States will offer assistance not to prop up the status quo, but
to propel reform.
of course, the weight of the past still burdens Hungarian
enterprise. There are remnants of the Stalinist economy -- huge,
5
inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering price system no
one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud economic
decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise achieve.
It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
To make the transition to a productive economy will test
your mettle as a people. The prices of some commodities may
rise. Some inefficient factories will close. But the Hungarian
government is increasingly leaving the business of running shops
to shopkeepers and farms to farmers. And the creative drive of
the people, once unleashed, will create a momentum of its own.
This will bring you a greater treasure than the riches you will
create. It will give each of you control over your destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
Just look to the West -- your European neighbors are forming
a single market. Soon you will have the chance to trade with
this new economic colossus. But, as I said, the United States
will also be your partner in this transformation to a successful
economy.
Last Thursday, I invited American leaders from business,
education, labor and other fields -- to come to the White House
and discuss the new opportunities opening up in Hungary. Their
response was enthusiastic. Most enthusiastic of all were
Hungarian-Americans, so proud to be building a bridge between
their new country and their motherland. As long as our two
governments ease the way, the people of America and Hungary can
do the rest.
6
It is in this spirit that I announce the following measures.
First, as I said in Warsaw, I will propose at the Paris
Economic Summit concerted Western action for Poland and Hungary,
to back your reforms with economic and technical assistance
programs from the Summit partners. Of course, our program for
Hungary will be targeted to your needs.
Second, I will ask the U.S. Congress to authorize a $25
million fund as a source of new capital to invigorate the
Hungarian private-sector. I will also encourage parallel efforts
from the other nations of the Economic Summit.
Third, once your Parliament passes the new emigration
legislation proposed by your Council of Ministers, I will inform
our Congress that Hungary is in full compliance with our 1974
trade law. No country has yet been released from the
restrictions of this Jackson-Vanik Act. So I am pleased to tell
you that Hungary will be the first. ((PAUSE)) This action will
give Hungary the most liberal access to the American market for
the longest term possible under our laws.
Fourth, America is prepared to provide your country with
access to our Generalized System of Preferences, which offers
selective tariff relief. Simply put, these last two measures
will open the door to the largest single market in the world.
In the United States, the vibrancy and strength of our
economy relies on the creativity of millions of small businesses.
Therefore, I am pleased to note our fifth measure, the formation
of the Hungarian Enterprise Group, which will match private
7
venture capital, both foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -
- the small businessmen and -women with the grand ideas.
Sixth, we have concluded a draft agreement to authorize the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation to operate in Hungary.
Once our Senate passes enabling legislation, OPIC will be able to
provide insurance to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. Through OPIC, American business
executives will see firsthand the great opportunity of Hungary.
( (What does private investment mean for Hungary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (SAY-chaney), who said: "Some think that
Hungary has been; I like to think it will be." of this we are
sure -- Hungary will be great again.) )
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVE
Yet economic progress cannot be at the expense of the air we
breathe and the water we drink. Six weeks ago, in Mainz, I
proposed cooperation between East and West on environmental
issues. That is why I will ask the U.S. Congress to appropriate
$5 million to establish an International Environmental Center for
Central and Eastern Europe, to be based in Budapest, which will
bring together private and government experts and organizations
to address the ecological crisis. Our shared heritage is the
earth. And the fate of the earth is not just an East-West issue;
it is the issue of our times.
8
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. Now you can
do even more, working with the West to build a bridge of
technical and scientific cooperation.
Along these lines, I am also pleased to announce that the
U.S. has proposed an agreement between our two countries to
establish scientific and technical cooperation in the basic
sciences, and in specific areas, including the environment,
medicine and nuclear safety.
DEMOCRATIC AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE
It is my hope that this visit will also lead to a wider
exchange between East and West, so our scientists, our artists
and our environmentalists can learn from one another
So
that our soldiers and statesmen can discuss peace and our
students can discuss the future. ((PAUSE))
But to discuss anything requires a common language. The
teaching of English is one of the most popular American exports.
As students you know that English is the lingua franca of world
business, the key to clinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto.
So to open the global market to more Hungarians, I am pleased to
announce that the Peace Corps will, for the first time, operate
in a European country. And our Peace Corps instructors will come
to Budapest and all 19 counties to teach English.
In such exchanges, we want to help you in your quest for a
new beginning as a democratic Hungary. So the United States is
9
also committing more than $6 million to private cultural and
educational opportunities in Eastern Europe. We will make
available funds for a series of major new U.S. -Hungarian exchange
programs -- among Congressmen and legislative experts, among
labor and business leaders, among legal experts, among community
leaders, educators and young people. We are creating dozens of
fellowships to enable Hungarians to study at American
universities. And we will fund endowed chairs in American
studies at your universities
and books -- many thousands of
them -- to fill the shelves of your American Management Institute
and the libraries of schools and universities across Hungary.
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
center, which will be an open house of books, magazines and
videocassettes -- an open house of ideas.
CONCLUSION
In economic reform and democratic change, in cultural and
environmental cooperation, there are great opportunities -- and,
yes, great challenges. Hungary has a lot of work ahead; so do
the United States and Hungary, working together to build a better
future -- a dynamic future.
Your challenge is enormous and historic: to build a
structure of political change and decentralized economic
enterprise on the ruins of a failed Stalinist system.
10
Given the opportunity to show your characteristic
initiative, creativity and resourcefulness, I believe that the
Hungarian people can meet the challenge. You stand on the
threshold of a new era of economic development and political
change.
I believe you are ready to meet the future. I see a country
well on the way. I see a country rich in human resources and
rich in the moral courage of its people. I see a nation
transcending its past and reaching out to its destiny. I
congratulate you for having come so far.
Let us be equal to the opportunity that lies before us. Let
us have history write of us that we were the generation that made
Europe whole and free.
Thank you.
#
#
#
10
Given the opportunity to show your characteristic
initiative, creativity and resourcefulness, I believe that the
Hungarian people can meet the challenge. You stand on the
threshold of a new era of economic development and political
change.
I believe you are ready to meet the future. I see a country
well on the way. I see a country rich in human resources and
rich in the moral courage of its people. I see a nation
transcending its past and reaching out to its destiny. I
congratulate you for having come so far.
Let us be equal to the opportunity that lies before us. Let
us have history write of us that we were the generation that made
Europe whole and free.
Thank you.
#
#
#
10
Given the opportunity to show your characteristic
initiative, creativity and resourcefulness, I believe that the
Hungarian people can meet the challenge. You stand on the
threshold of a new era of economic development and political
change.
I believe you are ready to meet the future. I see a country
well on the way. I see a country rich in human resources and
rich in the moral courage of its people. I see a nation
transcending its past and reaching out to its destiny. I
congratulate you for having come so far.
Let us be equal to the opportunity that lies before us. Let
us have history write of us that we were the generation that made
Europe whole and free.
Thank you.
#
#
#
Davis/Martin
June 29, 1989
Title: Hungary
Draft: One
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: KARL MARX UNIVERSITY
(Date, Time)
Ladies and gentlemen, Dr. Csaki (CHAH-kee). It's a pleasure
to be back in Budapest, and I am proud to be the first American
President to visit Hungary.
Some might find it ironic that I am speaking at a university
named after Karl Marx. ((And I have to admit, from my vantage
point, he does seem to be staring right at me
)) But those
who know this great university know just how fitting this forum
is for an American President to address the people of Hungary.
After all, it is said that Tramline Number Two runs the
nation, since it originates at Karl Marx and makes stops at the
National Center, Parliament and the Central Committee. Many
great Hungarian leaders have also moved along this same route,
among them Miklos Nemeth (Namath) and Zsigmond (Zig-mund) Jarai
(JAR-ree). But before any of them, there was a teacher at Karl
Marx University, and his name was Imre ( (EEMH-ray) Nage (NAZH).
And
returned
As his slow procession moved through Heroes' Square, the
rising voice of Hungary was heard in the singing of the Szozat
(SO-zat). And in this simple, somber ceremony the world saw
something more than a dignified act of reconciliation. We
witnessed an act of truth. It is on this foundation of truth,
one more solid than stone, that Hungarians have begun to build a
and though his only now courage is he will honored be an inspiration by the
last generation, to the next generation
though the last had to him
new future
generation waited to honor his courage; may a
hundred generations remember it. his courage generation. will imspire the next
While Hungary rediscovers its natural role in the affairs of
Europe, America is rediscovering Hensary. you. One of the ( (bestselling))
non-fiction books in my country today is entitled Budapest 1900.
Dr. John Lukacs lovingly describes the Budapest of memory
( (Quote to come) )
This was city that rivaled Paris in its splendor; Vienna
in its music London in its literature. This was center of
learning that enlightened the world, and gave America one kind of
genius in Joseph Pulitzer, and another in Bela Bartok. But for
decades, this great city, this great nation, so central to the
continent in every respect, was torn from Europe and the West.
Today Hengory is changing
But the city and country I see today is again opening acain to the
West, again becoming a leading light in European culture. I see
people in motion. color and creativity replacing grey
There's electric
conformity. F sense an atmosphere that is electric alive with
^
optimism.
This is happening because your people and your leaders --
government and opposition alike -- have the courage to break with
the past, to act in the spirit of truth. And what better example
of this could there be than one simple fact: Karl Marx University
has dropped Das Kapital from its required reading list
Karl Marx traced only one thread of human existence, and
missed the rest of the tapestry -- the colorful and varied
3
tapestry of vilization. Marx regarded Man as an economic
being. But Man is more than that.
He is artistic. He has an innate need to create and
enjoy beauty. He is a loving member of a family, and a loyal
patriot to his people. And Man is something else which cannot be
denied
he is a creature of God
The creative genius of the Hungarian people, long
suppressed, is again flourishing in your schools, your
businesses, your churches. This is more than a fleeting season
Itis
of freedom. It's a rebirth, a Renaissance of Hungary returning home.
Voices long stilled are being heard again. An independent
daily newspaper is now sold on the streets. Commercial radio and
television stations, financed by American companies, will soon
broadcast everything from the news
to Huey Lewis and the
News. And even Radio Free Europe is opening its first Budapest
bureau.
More than one hundred thousand Americans visited Hungary
last year -- and more than 20,000 Hungarians have come to
America. This very university operates exchange programs with 23
U.S. schools. For the first time, the Iron Curtain has begun to
And
leading The way.
part. Hungary is changing the world.
The Soviet Union has withdrawn many troops, which I take as
a first sign that Moscow truly respects your sovereignty. And as
they leave, let the Soviets know they have everything to gain,
and nothing to lose or fear, from peaceful change. Nor should we
4
fear new thinking from Mr. Gorbachev. We can work together to
move move beyond containment, beyond the Cold War.
But all of these developments, as significant as they are,
the fart ther
making
pale before this Hungary is at the threshold of doing what TTO
other Communist power has done in history. You are going to
become the first Warsaw Pact nation to ever hold a truly free
election.
This is possible because brave men and women have formed
opposition parties. And this is possible because Hungarian
leaders are showing the ultimate political courage -- the courage
to submit their names before the people.
the vis is But you need faitners - partners poised
WE are ready to help promote lasting change in Hungary. in I am
here to tell you that the inited States is possed and Mady I am here
three vital spheres economics, cultural exchange and the
to tell you the united States can be they pour partner.
environment. Hungary is embarking on an odyssey of change I am
here to tell you that the United States is with you.
P Thee vital spheres stand out - economics, the environment
INVESTMENT IN HUNGARY
The United States believes aid should m accelerate ton change, not its
delay *. So this our guiding principle -- the United States of will
assistance
offers aid not to prop up the status quo, but to propel reform.
Of course, the dead weight of the past still burdens
care
Hungarian enterprise. The remnants of the Stalinist economy
1
with its huge, inefficient industrial plants; the bewildering
price system no one understands; the massive subsidies that cloud
economic decisions -- all of this slows what you could otherwise
achieve. It's an economic Rubik's Cube that defies solution.
5
And, ultimately, it a burden to be discarded. To make the
transition to a productive market economy will test your mettle as a people.
The prices of some commodities may rise. Some inefficient
And
factories will close Hard choices already await you. the
creative drive of the people, once unleashed, will create a
momentum of its own. This will eventually bring you something
treasure
greater^ than the riches you will create. It will give you
control over your destiny
a Hungarian destiny.
But The Hungarian government has already started to leave the
business of running shops to shopkeepers and farms to farmers.
As you change, so will you integrate into the world economy.
P Just look to the West of the Danube -- your European neighbors
are forming a single market. Soon you will have the chance to
trade with this new economic colossus. But the United States
will also be your partner in this transformation to a successful
competitive economy
So with Because trade in mind, once your future Parliament legalizes
the free movement of its citizens, I will inform Congress that
Hungary is complying with the 1974 Trade Act. This will entitle
you to the maximum most-favored nation tariff status possible
these two the am to
under U.S. law. Simply put, the largest single market in the
world. is opening its doors to you.
your our country
America is also prepared to include Hungary in the
generalized system of preferences, which provides duty-free entry
for certain goods Hungary can and should develop the same
6
trade access to the American market that your Western neighbors
enjoy. Some have raised the question 8 government And yro,
we will offer
The United States will offer some government assistance,
including an entrepreneurial fund for economically depressed
regions of your country. In years past, loans were written and
However
accepted with little thought paid to their utility. We've all
learned that massive government and institutional loans hobble
whole nations with debt, while private investment liberates
creditor and debtor alike. The U.S. government can and will
in the you
match American private-sector investment in Hungary -- investment
and united the thength
where it counts, in Hungarian factories, products and jobs.
Therefore
am pleased to note the recent U.S.-Hungarian agreement to
3. our fur Anall
promote the formation and development of small, private
our
businesses all across your country. Called the Hungarian
preseneds. by good Mestor.
Enterprise Group, this center will match venture capital, both
foreign and Hungarian, with entrepreneurs -- the small
businessmen and -women with the grand ideas. Some of you here
teday may have a few grand ideas of your own. Perhaps you will
benefit from just such a collaboration.
And, We will soon authorize the Overseas Private Investment
Corporation to encourage American investment in private
enterprises in Hungary. So far, however, little encouragement
has been needed. Consider the American investment company,
Bears-Stearn, which has already established a special "Hungary
Fund. " This private pool of investment will purchase shares in
Hungarian companies, helping to develop a Hungarian stock market.
7
What does private investment mean for Hungary? Yesterday,
at Kossuth Square, I quoted the words of that great Hungarian
patriot. But it was another Hungarian patriot, a contemporary of
Kossuth, Count Szechenyi (Say-chaney), who coined a phrase in his
great work on economics: "Hungary was not, but will be." Of this
we are sure -- Hungary will be great again.
CULTURAL EXCHANGE
These are the economic proposals I will discuss with your
leaders. But I am also here to meet the Hungarian people. I
hope this visit leads to a wider exchange between East and West.
Let our scientists, our artists, our environmentalists share the
certains from one another
knowledge that can benefit us all. Let our soldiers and
statesmen discuss peace and our students discuss the future.
In fact, our student exchange programs are the most
successful. They have grown fast and can still accommodate
thousands more. For this reason, I am pleased to announce that
the United States Information Agency is going to initiate six new
youth exchange programs in Hungary. To the students here today,
I want you to know that the doors of America's universities are
open to you.
((I am pleased to announce two agreements with your
government -- on tourism and civilian air exchange to come) )
The United States will also open, within the next two years,
an America House in the center of Budapest. The celebrated
American architect Robert Stern will design the plans for this
8
center, which will promote bilateral trade by helping Hungarians
to learn American culture.
And when it comes to the language of America, the teaching
of English is one of our most popular exports. As students you
know that English is the lingua franca of world business, the key
to clinching deals from Hong Kong to Toronto. So to give
Hungarians greater entree into the global marketplace, I am
pleased to announce that the Peace Corps will, for the first
time, operate in a European country. And our Peace Corps
instructors will come to Budapest and all 19 counties to teach
English.
ENVIRONMENTAL EXCHANGE
To learn a language, to start a business, is to embark on a
great adventure. But to fulfill a promising future, we must also
protect our basic common beitage possession -- the environment. Six
weekslago, in Mainz, I proposed cooperation between East and West
on environmental issues. What a tragedy it would be if your
continent was again spoiled, this time not by war, but by a more
subtle and insidious danger -- that of poisoned rivers and acid
rain.
Hungary has led Eastern and Central Europe in addressing the
concerns of your citizens for cleaner air and water. And you are
leading the way in environmental agreements with the West. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Hungarian government
9
have just agreed on new programs for exchanges and joint training
of environmental experts.
( (Substance to come) )
Pollution is no respecter of borders. Let us work together
to save our sommon heritage.
In economics, culture and the environment, we have much to
share and learn from each other. The United States is especially
determined to stand by Hungary as you meet an enormous challenge.
No Communist nation has yet attempted what Hungary is already
doing -- to build democracy and a free market.
( (Substance on Democracy consortium/help from great parties
of the West to come) )
I see a great Hungarian future in the bright faces of your
students. But not all young people in the East Bloc have as much
freedom as you do to plan their future Certainly not your
brothers and sisters in Transylvania.
Your press recently reported that a Romanian girl was lost
in the Maros River. We don't know exactly sure how she died.
But we know that if she had been traveling from Hungary to
Austria, she would have received nothing more than a friendly
wave from the border guard. But she attempted to cross the
Maros, and paid with her life
Her two brothers made it
across safely.
We do not know the torments that drove her to risk her life.
But we do know her heart. It is the heart of Anne Frank and
10
Hertelendy (HERT-lindy) Jamos (Yamosh). It is the heart of youth
determined to live in freedom
Throughout the Communist world today, as a younger
generation prepares to assume power, a great debate is underway.
In this debate, Moscow advocates limited political freedom, but
without economic rights. Beijing practices limited economic
freedom, but without political liberty. Where are political and
economic liberty peacefully advancing together? In Hungary.
The people of Hungary know it is not enough to let men and
women purchase what they want or cast a symbolic vote. They must
be allowed to say what they believe. They must be allowed to
choose their government. Limited freedom, whether it is economic
or political, will not provide sufficient room for the restless
human spirit.
Benjamin Franklin, the sage of the American Revolution, said
that love of liberty and the rights of man should someday become
so widespread, "that a philosopher may set his foot upon anywhere
on the surface (of the earth) and say: 'this is my country.
Because of your courage, that is the Hungary we can see
before us; a better Hungary, a greater Hungary, a place any
countryman of freedom could call home.
Thank you and God bless you all.
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