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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Draft Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13495 Folder ID Number: 13495-017 Folder Title: Residents of Leiden 7/17/89 [2] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 25 6 4 1 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON 89 JUN 4 P6: 14 July 5, 1989 MEMORANDUM FOR CHRISS WINSTON DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR COMMUNICATIONS FROM: PATRICIA MACK BRYAN PMB ASSOCIATE COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Presidential Remarks: Pieterskerk, Leiden, the Netherlands Pursuant to James W. Cicconi's staffing memorandum of July 5, 1989, Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced remarks. Subject to the comments noted below, Counsel's Office has no legal objection to these remarks. Page 1, Paragraph 4, Sentence 2: We recommend that the phrase "known as" be added before the description of Grotius as "the father of modern international law." Page 3, Paragraph 4, Sentence 3: We understand that your office has already changed the reference to "The Treaty of Utrecht" to the correct reference which is to "the Union of Utrecht." CC: James W. Cicconi THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 5, 1989 Memorandum to Chriss Winston From: Jim Pinkertoug Subject: Pieterskerk Draft Speech A fine speech with some beautiful images. The last two pages end the draft with an eloquent, uplifting tone. pg. 1, para. 4, line 3 The President can win some friends in the audience by referring to Grotius first by the Dutch version of his name, thus: "It was here in Leiden that Huig De Groot -- the father of modern international law, known to us as Grotius " 6,1,1 "Debt is a ticking time bomb that threatens growth everywhere." This is too alarmist in tone. Besides, it blames a symptom of a more fundamental problem, the lack of growth, the answer to which is free markets. We suggest something like: "Debt is a symptom of restraints on economic freedom -- restraints that threaten growth everywhere, not just in the developed world." 6,2,2 "Freedom is no match for a hungry stomach -- and poverty is barren soil for the democratic idea." These are images are vivid, but contain fundamental flaws: First, the conditions of the "New Breeze" have been created in part because of economic deprivation, viz., in Central Europe. Second, the places where statism has been least demoralized have been in those countries where the conditions of prosperity and freedom have allowed a misguided criticism of those very 68 conditions. Third, the image of barren soil for democracy conflicts with the beginning image of the speech: the freedom seeking pilgrims landing on the "rocky soil of New England. It is more accurate to say that poverty cries all the more for freedom (as in "Give me your tired, your poor..."). Thus we suggest turning the image around to say something like: "Freedom can nourish the barren soil of poverty. The pilgrims, having left behind the lushness of Leiden, landed upon a desolate rock, but they built a garden of liberty." (more) ) 2-2-2 8,4,2 A stickler for accuracy might say that Grenada is an example of a Marxist country that moved from dictatorship to democracy. The usual formulation (from Hannah Arendt's Totalitarianism) is that no totalitarian country has ever moved peaceably to democracy. Thus, we would be on safer ground to say: "Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved peaceably from dictatorship to democracy." # just as our own freedom s prosperity, began with the / anded rests upon the plymonth Roch. 6 ta he the rext step in solvingthe And it's time we tackle the debt problem. Debt is the kind of ticking time bomb that threatens growth everywhere -- not just in the developing world. The Brady Plan is a good begining + This is more than a matter of economic development. the time to more forward is now and Democracy is at stake. Freedom is no match for a hungry stomach -- and poverty is barren soil for the democratic idea. Freedom can nousish the barren soil of pounty. - just and planted as the Pilgrims landed upon a desolate roch + built community Economic development opens the door to a new world of the seeds democratic development -- and we must open that door for millions of people around the world. The steps we've taken towards a common strategy on debt will sustain a favorable climate for growth -- and for the flourishing of democracy in the developing world. {Summit} And finally, we made progress in a collective effort to encourage the movement towards greater freedom now underway in Eastern Europe. {Summit}] The new world we seek is a world of free nations working in concert -- a world where more nations live within the circle of freedom. Here in the pulpit at Pieterskerk, one year after armistice brought peace to Europe, Winston Churchill spoke to the people of DARMAN/GRADY INSERT P.5 at ENV. section. Insert A And let's talk about steps we can take how. [we must address the question of climate change before global waving becomes global catastrophe. global We ask the nations of Europe to join is in warming an effort to understand our chaging limate better of a maor research undertaking that can have the world to a sound plicy veryons - CFC let us join together to ban CFC's, which destroy the ozone layer Let us clear the air - I have just made a proposal or Dhis front, and I ask "Clean AIR" our Eurgen pathers to iow is L reducing emissions of sulfur disxide, ozonl-causing conponds, and wtoroger ox ides. het us help on neghlows to the East with their environ mental challeges ad let rephrase is in with our neighbors to the SOUTL in 171 In strati mal to In all that economic arouth $ McGroarty/Dooley July 14, 1989 3:00 p.m. [LEIDEN] Draft 2 PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: THE PIETERSKERK LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS JULY 17, 1989 3:00 PM [Introductory acknowledgements ] Barbara and I thank Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands for the warm welcome you have given us. The Netherlands is an old friend and honored ally of the United States. The friendship between our nations is older than the American Constitution -- and the United Provinces were one of the models our founders looked to in creating a nation from thirteen sovereign states. It is a pleasure to visit Leiden -- a city whose very name signifies Dutch resolve and determination. And for Americans, too, Leiden is a special city, a place where we trace our origins. So many of the individuals who shaped the modern world walked the cobbled streets of Leiden. It was here in Leiden that Huig de Groot -- known to the world as Grotius, [GRO-shus] the father of modern international law -- studied, in the nation that is today home to the International Court of Justice. It was here that Rembrandt lived and worked -- and created a world of beauty that moves us today. 2 It was here to Leiden that the Pilgrims came to escape persecution -- to live, work and worship in peace. In the shadow of the Pieterskerk [PETERS-KIRK], they found the freedom to witness God -- openly and without fear. Here -- under the ancient stones of the Peiterskerk -- the body of John Robinson, the Pilgrims' spiritual leader, was laid to rest. And it was from this place the Pilgrims set their course for a new world. In search of liberty, they took with them lessons learned here of freedom and tolerance. The Pilgrims faced a dangerous passage. But, carried on the winds of hope, they arrived. On the rocky coast of New England -- at the edge of a wild and unsettled continent -- they planted the seeds of a new world -- a- world that became America. Today, as when the Pilgrims left this city, a new world lies within our reach. Our time is a time of great hope -- and a time of dangerous passage. The new world we seek is shaped by an idea -- an idea of universal appeal and undeniable force. That idea is democracy. The power of the democratic idea is evident everywhere -- in the halls of government, in the hearts of people around the world. In the words of Victor Hugo: "No army can withstand the strength of an idea whose time has come." And freedom's time has come. We -- the people of the United States, the people of the Netherlands -- are fortunate. The freedoms others are struggling 3 for are freedoms we enjoy. But freedom, as the Dutch know well, never comes without struggle -- and it can never be sustained by people who forget that freedom is our most precious gift. Both of our nations are partners in an alliance of free nations that spans the ocean the Pilgrims crossed. Our alliance, the NATO alliance, connects two continents -- unites a hemisphere. But what connects us isn't merely a fact of geography. Ours is an alliance forged on common values -- rooted in a shared history and heritage, a common kinship and culture. We are part of the commonwealth of free nations. Almost two months ago, I came to Europe to celebrate the fruits of our alliance: four decades of peace, prosperity and freedom. At the time of NATO's founding -- amid the airlift to besieged Berlin -- few would have predicted a peace so strong and lasting. Here in the Netherlands -- and not only here -- people expected war to come again within their lifetimes. Instead, the NATO era has brought the longest period of peace Europe has known in all of recorded history. And today, the Atlantic Alliance -- formed to contain the threat of Soviet expansionism -- is creating new opportunities to ease tensions -- to build a new world, to build an enduring peace. Thanks to NATO's strength and unity, we now may have the opportunity to move beyond containment -- to integrate the Soviet Union into the community of nations. Thanks to NATO's steadiness of purpose, and its commitment to maintain strong deterrent forces, the way is now open to real 4 reductions in the level of arms that have cast a shadow over this continent, the most heavily militarized on earth. Seizing these opportunities -- reaching that new world -- depends on NATO's unity and strength -- not on the actions of one nation alone. The revival of the Western European Union -- in which the Netherlands played a vital role; the growing cooperation on security issues between West Germany and France; British and French resolve to modernize their own nuclear systems: each of these developments is a sign that Europe sees the wisdom of sustaining the collective strength that has kept the peace. The lesson of our post-war experience is this: Strength has has kept us safe, and has created opportunities for change. And strength will allow us to create from these opportunities a new era of enduring peace. Let me say clearly: A stronger Europe -- a more united Europe -- is not something America must fear. It is a development we welcome -- a natural evolution within our Alliance -- the product of true partnership forty years in the making. This trend towards closer cooperation isn't limited to collective security alone. Around the world, countries are now recognizing that no nation can prosper in economic isolation. That's the meaning of Europe 1992. That's why we look forward to the single European market and a more integrated European Community. The world's major industrial democracies must work maintain an open trading system to preserve sustained economic 5 growth. The key is concerted action -- bringing the collective strength of the West to bear on our common concerns. We made progress at the Economic Summit in Paris. Progress in developing a common approach to issues of global concern. Issues like the environment. Global warming, the destruction of our forests, and pollution of the world's oceans - - these are problems that know no borders, that no line on a map has the power to stop. Pollution crosses continents and oceans. It's time for nations to join forces in common defense of our environment. The United States will do its part. A month ago, I announced a series of sweeping changes to our Clean Air Act -- changed meant to ensure that every American, in the space of one generation, will breathe clean air. Shortly after I return home, we will send our Clean Air legislation to Congress. Last week in Poland and Hungary, I announced initiatives to work with those two countries to combat their pollution problems. Our European partners understand what is at stake, and you're taking action. The next step is clear: We've got to work together -- take concerted action to combat this common problem, clean up our environment for ourselves and for our children. And the Summit underscored the fact that it's time we take the next step in solving the debt problem -- to encourage conditions for global growth that will benefit the industrialized nations and developing world alike. 6 And this is more than a matter of economic development. Democracy is at stake. Freedom can nourish the barren soil of poverty -- just as the Pilgrims landed upon a desolate rock, and laid the foundations of the freedom and prosperity we know today. Economic development opens the door to a new world of democratic development -- and we must open that door for millions of people around the world. The steps we've taken towards a common strategy on debt will sustain a favorable climate for growth -- and for the flourishing of democracy in the developing world. And finally, we made progress in a collective effort to encourage the movement towards greater freedom now underway in Eastern Europe. Let me explain the approach I take towards reform in Eastern Europe. We will never compromise our principles. We will always speak out for freedom. But we understand as well how vital a carefully calibrated approach is in this time of change. Just as we have nothing to fear from a stronger, more united Europe -- the Soviet Union has nothing to fear from the reforms now unfolding in some of the nations of Eastern Europe. We support reform -- in Eastern Europe, and in the USSR. I've said many times I want to see perestroika succeed. I want to see the Soviet Union chart a course that brings it into the community of nations. We can play a constructive part in Eastern Europe's economic development -- and in creating an international climate in which 7 reform can succeed. That is why America's relations with the Soviet Union are so important. Improved relations with the USSR reduces pressure on the nations of Eastern Europe -- especially those on the cutting edge of reform. The new world we seek is a commonwealth of free nations working in concert -- a world where more nations live within the circle of freedom. Here in the pulpit at the Pieterskerk, one year after peace was restored in Europe, Winston Churchill spoke to the people of Leiden. The allies had triumphed over tyranny. The occupation was over. After six years of war and devastation, Churchill said: "The great wheel has swung full circle." Europe stood at the threshold of a new era -- an era whose hope Churchill expressed in a single, simple phrase: "Let freedom reign. " We all know what followed. Half of Europe entered that new era -- and half of Europe found its path blocked, walled off by barriers of brick and barbed wire. The half of Europe that was free dug out from the rubble, recovered from the war -- and laid the foundations of free government and free enterprise that brought unparalleled prosperity, and a life in peace and freedom. The "other Europe" -- the Europe behind the wall -- endured four decades of privation and hardship, persecution and fear. Today, all that is changing. The great wheel has swung full circle once more. Our time is a time of new hope -- the hope 8 that all of Europe can now know the freedom the Netherlands has known, that America has known, that our allies have known. Our hope is that the unnatural division of Europe will now come to an end -- that the Europe behind the wall will join its neighbors to the West, prosperous and free. Last week, I visited Poland and Hungary -- two countries that have travelled far these past twelve months, farther than any of us would have thought possible. In Warsaw, I spoke to the new Polish Parliament that includes 100 freely-elected Senators - - elected to office in Eastern Europe's first truly free election in the post-war era. In Hungary, I addressed the students and faculty of Karl Marx University -- a university where the lessons of the free market are replacing the teachings of Das Kapital. At the shipyards of Gdansk, and at the statue of the great Hungarian hero Kossuth, tens of thousands of people filled the streets -new voices, full of new hope. A sea of faces: the faces of Pilgrims on a journey -- fixed on the horizon, on the new world coming into view. In Poland, in Hungary -- and of course in the Soviet Union - - we're witnessing truly remarkable events. Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved from dictatorship to democracy. But we're realistic. We know that the fact that these governments have begun to reform has more to do with their realization that communism is a dead-end doctrine than with any new-found love of freedom. But what matters is movement, not 9 motive. Democracy -- once set in motion -- takes on a momentum of its own. And whatever the odds, ultimately, freedom will succeed. That's a lesson the world has learned several times this century -- a lesson the Dutch know well. The Netherlands will never forget the nightmare of occupation. Some of you here today suffered through those five long years. And even then -- freedom endured. Here in the Pieterskerk -- behind these walls, above the rafters -- resistance fighters and university students took refuge from the forces of occupation, found safe haven in this church. Daily acts of heroism -- the church sexton who brought them food, the neighborhood grocer who collected extra ration stamps - - kept them alive -- kept the spirit of dignity and human decency alive through the Netherlands' dark night. Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the words of Jan Campert [YAHN KAHM-PERT], poet of the Dutch resistance, they acted because "the heart could not do otherwise." Freedom can never be extinguished -- not then, not now. Even in the Europe behind the wall, the dream of freedom for all Europe has never died. It's alive today -- in Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest and across the Soviet Union, and in every corner of the closed societies of Eastern Europe. 10 The challenge we face is clear: we must work together toward the day when all of Europe -- East and West -- is free of discord, free of division. A day when freedom and the democratic ideals we share find a common home in every city and town across this continent. Here in Leiden, where the Pilgrims dreamed their new world, let us pledge our effort to secure our own new world -- the new Europe, whole and free, that is now within our reach. Once again, thank you. God bless the Netherlands, God bless the United States of America, and the friends of freedom everywhere. # # # McGroarty/Dooley July 15, 1989 12:30 p.m. [LEIDEN] Draft 3 PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: THE PIETERSKERK LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS JULY 17, 1989 3:00 PM [Introductory acknowledgements.. ] Barbara and I thank Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands for the warm welcome you have given us. The Netherlands is an old friend and honored ally of the United States. The friendship between our nations is older than the American Constitution -- and the United Provinces were one of the models our founders looked to in creating a nation from thirteen sovereign states. It is a pleasure to visit Leiden -- a city whose very name signifies Dutch resolve and determination. And for Americans, too, Leiden is a special city, a place where we trace our origins. So many of the individuals who shaped the modern world walked the cobbled streets of Leiden. It was here in Leiden that Hugo de Groot [U-go duh GROTE] -- known to the world as Grotius, [GRO-shus] the father of modern international law -- studied, in the nation that is today home to the International Court of Justice. It was here that Rembrandt lived and worked -- and created a world of beauty that moves us today. 2 It was here to Leiden that the Pilgrims came to escape persecution -- to live, work and worship in peace. In the shadow of the Pieterskerk [PETERS-KIRK], they found the freedom to witness God -- openly and without fear. Here -- under the ancient stones of the Peiterskerk -- the body of John Robinson, the Pilgrims' spiritual leader, was laid to rest. And it was from this place the Pilgrims set their course for a new world. In their search for liberty, they took with them lessons learned here of freedom and tolerance. The Pilgrims faced a dangerous passage. But, carried on the winds of hope, they arrived. On the rocky coast of New England -- at the edge of a wild and unsettled continent -- they planted the seeds of a new world -- a world that became America. Today, as when the Pilgrims left this city, a new world lies within our reach. Our time is a time of great hope -- and a time of dangerous passage. The new world we seek is shaped by an idea -- an idea of universal appeal and undeniable force. That idea is democracy. The power of the democratic idea is evident everywhere -- in the halls of government, in the hearts of people around the world. In the words of Victor Hugo: "No army can withstand the strength of an idea whose time has come." " Ladies and gentlemen, freedom's time has come. We -- the people of the United States; the people of the Netherlands -- are fortunate. The freedoms others are struggling 3 for are freedoms we enjoy. But freedom never comes without struggle -- and no struggle is without sacrifice. Americans and the Dutch both know the cost of freedom is high. That's why both of our nations are partners in an alliance of free nations that spans the ocean the Pilgrims crossed. Our alliance, the NATO alliance, connects two continents -- unites a hemisphere. But what connects us isn't merely a fact of geography. Ours is an alliance forged on common values -- rooted in a shared history and heritage, a common kinship and culture. We are part of the commonwealth of free nations. Almost two months ago, I came to Europe to celebrate the fruits of our alliance: four decades of peace, prosperity and freedom. At the time of NATO's founding -- amid the airlift to besieged Berlin -- few would have predicted a peace so strong and lasting. Here in the Netherlands -- and elsewhere -- people expected war to come again within their lifetimes. Instead, the NATO era has brought the longest period of peace Europe has known in all of recorded history. And today, the Atlantic Alliance -- formed to contain the threat of Soviet expansionism -- is creating new opportunities to ease tensions -- to build a new world, to build an enduring peace. Thanks to NATO's strength and unity, we now have the opportunity to move beyond containment -- to integrate the Soviet Union into the community of nations. Thanks to NATO's steadiness of purpose, and its commitment to maintain strong deterrent forces, the way is now open to real 4 reductions in the level of arms -- nuclear and conventional -- that have cast a shadow over this continent, the most heavily militarized on earth. Seizing these opportunities -- reaching that new world -- depends on NATO's unity and strength -- not on the actions of one nation alone. The revival of the Western European Union -- in which the Netherlands played a vital role; the growing cooperation on security issues between West Germany and France; British and French resolve to modernize their own nuclear systems: each of these developments is a sign that Europe sees the wisdom of sustaining the collective strength that has kept the peace. The lesson of our post-war experience is this: Strength has kept us safe, and has created opportunities for change. And from these opportunities, we can create a new era of enduring peace. Let me say clearly: A stronger Europe -- a more united Europe -- is not something America or the Soviet Union need fear. For us, it is a development we welcome -- a natural evolution within our Alliance -- the product of true partnership forty years in the making. This trend towards closer cooperation isn't limited to collective security alone. Around the world, countries are now recognizing that no nation can prosper in economic isolation. That's why we look forward to the single European market and a more integrated European Community. The world's major industrial 5 democracies must work to maintain an open trading system to preserve sustained economic growth. Our progress at the Economic Summit in Paris brought us closer to a more coordinated and common approach across a wide spectrum of critical global issues. The key is concerted action -- bringing the collective strength of the West to bear on our common concerns. Concerns like the environment. Global warming, the destruction of our forests, and pollution of the world's oceans - - these are problems that know no borders, that no line on a map has the power to stop. Pollution crosses continents and oceans. It's time for nations to join forces in common defense of our environment. The United States will do its part. A month ago, I announced a series of sweeping changes to our Clean Air Act -- changed meant to ensure that every American, in the space of one generation, will breathe clean air. Shortly after I return home, we will send our Clean Air legislation to Congress. Last week in Poland and Hungary, I announced initiatives to work with those two countries to combat their pollution problems. Our European partners understand what is at stake, and you're taking action. The next step is clear: We've got to work together -- take concerted action to combat this common problem, clean up our environment for ourselves and for our children. 6 And the Summit underscored the fact that it's time we take the next step in solving the debt problem -- to encourage conditions for global growth that will benefit the industrialized nations and developing world alike. We must make progress on this because it is more than a matter of economic development. Democracy is at stake. Freedom can nourish the barren soil of poverty -- just as the Pilgrims landed upon a desolate rock, and laid the foundations of the freedom and prosperity we know today. Economic development opens the door to a new world of democratic development -- and we must open that door for millions of people around the world. The steps we've taken towards a common strategy on debt will sustain a favorable climate for growth -- and for the flourishing of democracy in the developing world. And finally, there's Eastern Europe. Let me explain the approach I take towards reform in Eastern Europe. We will never compromise our principles. We will always speak out for freedom. But we understand as well how vital a carefully calibrated approach is in this time of change. Just as we have nothing to fear from a stronger, more united Europe -- the Soviet Union has nothing to fear from the reforms now unfolding in some of the nations of Eastern Europe. We support reform -- in Eastern Europe, and in the USSR. I've said many times I want to see perestroika succeed. I want to see the Soviet Union chart a course that brings it into the community of nations. 7 We can play a constructive role in Eastern Europe's economic development -- and in creating an international climate in which reform can succeed. That is why America's relations with the Soviet Union are so important. Improved relations with the USSR reduces pressure on the nations of Eastern Europe -- especially those on the cutting edge of reform. The new world we seek is a commonwealth of free nations working in concert -- a world where more and more nations enter a widening circle of freedom. Here in the pulpit at the Pieterskerk, one year after peace was restored in Europe, Winston Churchill spoke to the people of Leiden. The allies had triumphed over tyranny. The occupation was over. After six years of war and devastation, Churchill said: "The great wheel has swung full circle." Europe stood at the threshold of a new era -- an era whose hope Churchill expressed in a single, simple phrase: "Let freedom reign." We all know what followed. Half of Europe entered that new era -- and half of Europe found its path blocked, walled off by barriers of brick and barbed wire. The half of Europe that was free dug out from the rubble, recovered from the war -- and laid the foundations of free government and free enterprise that brought unparalleled prosperity, and a life in peace and freedom. The "other Europe" -- the Europe behind the wall -- endured four decades of privation and hardship, persecution and fear. 8 Today, that "other Europe" is changing. The great wheel has swung full circle once more. Our time is a time of new hope -- the hope that all of Europe can now know the freedom the Netherlands has known, that America has known, that our allies have known. Our hope is that the unnatural division of Europe will now come to an end -- that the Europe behind the wall will join its neighbors to the West, prosperous and free. Last week, I visited Poland and Hungary -- two countries that have travelled far these past twelve months, farther than any of us would have thought possible. In Warsaw, I spoke to the new Polish Parliament that includes 100 freely-elected Senators - - elected to office in Eastern Europe's first truly free election in the post-war era. In Hungary, I addressed the students and faculty of Karl Marx University -- a university where the lessons of the free market are replacing the teachings of Das Kapital. At the shipyards of Gdansk, and at the statue of the great Hungarian hero Kossuth, tens of thousands of people filled the streets -- new voices, full of new hope. Theirs were the faces of Pilgrims on a journey -- fixed on the horizon, on the new world coming into view. In Poland, in Hungary -- and of course in the Soviet Union - - we're witnessing truly remarkable events. Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved from dictatorship to democracy. 9 But we're realistic. We know that the fact that these governments have begun to reform has more to do with their realization that communism is a dead-end doctrine than with any new-found love of freedom. But what matters is movement, not motive. Democracy -- once set in motion -- takes on a momentum of its own. And ultimately, whatever the odds, freedom will succeed. That's a lesson the world has learned several times this century -- a lesson the Dutch know well. The Netherlands will never forget the nightmare of occupation, Some of you here today suffered through those five long years. And even then -- freedom endured. Here in the Pieterskerk -- behind these walls, above the rafters -- resistance fighters and university students took refuge from the forces of occupation, found safe haven in this church. Daily acts of heroism -- the church sexton who brought them food, the neighborhood grocer who collected extra ration stamps - - kept them alive -- kept the spirit of dignity and human decency alive through the Netherlands' dark night. Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the words of Jan Campert [YAHN KAHM-PERT], poet of the Dutch resistance, they acted because "the heart could not do otherwise." Freedom can never be extinguished -- not then, not now. Even in the Europe behind the wall, the dream of freedom for all 10 Europe has never died. It's alive today -- in Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest and across the Soviet Union, and in every corner of the closed societies of Eastern Europe. The challenge we face is clear: we must work together toward the day when all of Europe -- East and West -- is free of discord, free of division. A day when freedom and the democratic ideals we share find a common home in every city and town across this continent. Here in Leiden, where the Pilgrims dreamed their new world, let us pledge our effort to discover the new world of Europe, whole and free, a new world now within our reach. Once again, thank you. God bless the Netherlands, God bless the United States of America, and the friends of freedom everywhere. # # # DAN McGroarty/Dooley July 5, 1989 12:30 p.m. [LEIDEN] PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS JULY 18, 1989 3:00 PM [Introductory acknowledgements ] Barbara and I thank Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands for the warm welcome you have given us. The Netherlands is an old friend and honored ally of the United States. The friendship between our nations is older than the American Constitution -- and Holland's United Provinces was one of the models our founders looked to in creating a nation from thirteen sovereign states. It is a pleasure to visit Leiden, the city that can rightly claim to be the birthplace of the Netherlands -- a city whose very name signifies Dutch resolve and determination. And for Americans, Leiden is a special city, a place where we too trace our origins. So many of the individuals who shaped the modern world walked the cobbled streets of Leiden. It was here in Leiden that Huig de Groot Grotius -- the father of modern international law -- studied, in the nation that is today home to the World Court. It was here 2 that Rembrandt lived and worked -- and created a world of beauty that moves us today. It was here to Leiden that the Pilgrims came to escape persecution -- to live, work and worship in peace. In the shadow of the Pieterskerk, they found the freedom to witness God -- openly and without fear. Here -- under the ancient stones of Peiterskerk -- lies the body of John Robinson, the Pilgrims' spiritual leader. And it was from this place the Pilgrims set their course for a new world. In search of liberty, they took with them lessons learned here of freedom and tolerance. The Pilgrims faced a dangerous passage. But, carried on the winds of hope, they arrived. On the rocky coast of New England -- at the edge of a wild and unsettled continent -- they planted the seeds of a new world -- a world that became America. Today, as when the Pilgrims left this city, a new world lies within our reach. Our time is a time of great hope -- and a time of dangerous passage. The new world we seek is shaped by an idea -- an idea of universal appeal and undeniable force. That idea is democracy. 3 The power of the democratic idea is evident everywhere -- in the halls of government, in the hearts of people from Beijing to Budapest who have yearned for generations to be free. In the words of Victor Hugo: An invasion of armies can be resisted, but not an idea whose time has come. And freedom's time has come. We -- the people of the United States, the people of the Netherlands -- are fortunate. The freedoms others are struggling for are freedoms we enjoy. But freedom never comes without struggle -- and it can never be sustained by people who forget that freedom is our most precious gift. Both of our nations are partners in an alliance of free nations that spans the ocean the Pilgrims crossed. Our alliance, the NATO alliance, connects two continents -- unites a hemisphere. But what connects us isn't merely a fact of geography. Ours is an alliance forged on common values -- rooted in a shared history and heritage, a common kinship and culture. We speak the common language of the Declaration of Independence. The Rights of Man -- whose truths ring true today as they did two hundred years ago. The Treaty of Utrecht, and the traditions of union and liberty built over centuries here in the Netherlands. 4 Seven weeks ago, I came to Europe to celebrate the fruits of our alliance: four decades of peace, prosperity and freedom. At the time of NATO's founding -- amid the airlifts to beseiged Berlin -- few would have predicted a peace so strong and lasting. Here in the Netherlands -- and not only here -- people expected war to come again within their lifetimes. Instead, the NATO era has brought the longest period of peace Europe has known in the modern age. And today, the Atlantic Alliance -- formed to contain the threat of Soviet expansionism -- is creating new opportunities to ease tensions -- to build a new world, to build a more enduring peace. Thanks to NATO's strength and unity, we now have the opportunity to move beyond containment -- to integrate the Soviet Union into the community of nations. Thanks to NATO's steadiness of purpose, the way is now open to real reductions in the level of arms -- conventional and nuclear -- that have cast a shadow over this continent, the most heavily militarized on earth. Seizing these opportunities -- reaching that new world -- depends on NATO's unity and strength -- not on the actions of one nation alone. Close cooperation is the key. The revival of the Western European Union -- of which the Netherlands is a charter member; the growing cooperation on security issues between West concern. 5 Germany and France; British and French resolve to modernize their deterrent forces: each is a sign that Europe is determined to sustain the collective strength that has kept the peace. And let me say clearly: A stronger Europe -- a more united Europe -- is not something America must fear. It is a development we welcome -- a natural evolution within our Alliance -- the product of true partnership forty years in the making. concerted Stungth West being brought to hear on This trend towards closer cooperation isn't limited to collective security alone. Around the world, countries are now recognizing that no nation can prosper in economic isolation. That's the meaning of Europe 1992 -- and it's the principle reason the world's major industrial democracies must work together to maintain conditions for sustained economic growth. coucer [We made progress at the Economic Summit in Paris. Progress action in developing a common approach to issues of common concern -- of global concern. Issues like the environment. Global warming, the destruction of our forests, and pollution of the world's oceans - - these are problems that know no borders, that no line on a map has the power to stop. Pollution crosses continents and oceans. It's time for nations to join forces in common defense of our enviroment. {Summit} 10pp. 6 And it's time we tackle the debt problem. Debt is the kind of ticking time bomb that threatens growth everywhere -- not just in the developing world. This is more than a matter of economic development. Democracy is at stake. Freedom is no match for a hungry stomach -- and poverty is barren soil for the democratic idea. Economic development opens the door to a new world of democratic development -- and we must open that door for millions of people around the world. The steps we've taken towards a common strategy on debt will sustain a favorable climate for growth -- and for the flourishing of democracy in the developing world. {Summit} When J get home, J'll be sending And finally, we made progress in a collective effort to CAAt encourage the movement towards greater freedom now underway in add Eastern Europe. {Summit}] flegidates hers The new world we seek is a world of free nations working in concert -- a world where more nations live within the circle of freedom. Here in the pulpit at the Pieterskerk, one year after peace was restored in Europe, Winston Churchill spoke to the people of 7 Leiden. The allies had triumphed over tyranny. The occupation was over. After six years of war and devastation, Churchill saw a Europe on the threshold of a new era. "The great wheel, " he said, "has swung full circle." Churchill chose the motto of the great University of Leiden to give voice to his hope: "Let freedom reign. " We all know what followed. Half of Europe entered that new era -- and half of Europe found its path blocked, walled off by barriers of brick and barbed wire. The half of Europe that was free dug out from the rubble, recovered from the war -- and laid the foundations of free government and free enterprise that brought unparalleled prosperity, and a life in peace and freedom. The "other Europe" -- the Europe behind the wall -- lived through four decades of privation and hardship, persecution and fear. Today, all that is changing. The great wheel has swung full circle once more. Our time is a time of new hope -- the hope that all of Europe can now know the freedom the Netherlands has known, that America has known, that our allies have known. 8 Our hope is the hope that the unnatural division of Europe will now come to an end -- that the Europe behind the wall will join its neighbors to the West, prosperous and free. One week ago, I visited Poland and Hungary -- two countries that have travelled far these past twelve months, farther than any of us would have thought possible. In Warsaw, I spoke to the new Polish Parliament that includes 100 freely-elected Senators - - elected to office in Eastern Europe's first truly free election since the days of Stalin. In Hungary, I addressed the students and faculty of Karl Marx University -- a university where the lessons of the free market have replaced the teachings of Das Kapital. At the shipyards of Gdansk and at the statue of the great Hungarian hero Kossuth, hundreds of thousands of people filled the streets -- new voices, full of new hope for democracy. A sea of faces: the faces of Pilgrims on a journey -- fixed on the horizon, on the new world coming into view. In Poland, in Hungary -- and of course in the Soviet Union - - we're witnessing truly remarkable events. Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved from dictatorship to democracy. 9 But we're realistic. We know that the fact that these regimes have begun to reform has more to do with the realization that communism is a dead-end doctrine than with any new-found love of freedom. But what matters is movement, not motive. Democracy takes on a momentum of its own. And whatever the odds, ultimately, freedom will succeed. That's a lesson the world has learned several times this century -- a lesson the Dutch know well. The Netherlands will never forget the nightmare of occupation. Many of you here today suffered through those five long years. And even then -- freedom endured. Here in Pieterskerk, behind the wall of this great church organ, a small group of university students -- sympathetic to the cause of resistance -- lived out the occupation in hiding. Daily acts of heroism -- the church sexton who brought them food, the neighborhood grocer who collected extra ration stamps - - kept them alive -- kept the spirit of dignity and human decency alive through the Netherland's dark night. Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the 10 words of Jan Campert, poet of the Dutch resistance, they acted because "the heart could not do otherwise." Freedom can never be extinguished -- not then, not now. Even in the Europe behind the wall, the dream of freedom for all Europe has never died. It's alive today -- in Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest and across the Soviet Union, and in every corner of the closed societies of Eastern Europe. The challenge we face is clear: we must work together toward the day when all of Europe -- East and West -- is free of discord, free of division. A day when freedom and the democratic ideals we share find a common home in every city and town across this continent. Here in Leiden, where the Pilgrims dreamed their new world, let us pledge our effort to secure our own new world -- the new Europe, whole and free, that is now within our reach. Once again, thank you. God bless the Netherlands, God bless the United States of America, and the friends of freedom everywhere. # # # strength that got no here get us home Strength will see us though. URGENT NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL TIME STAMP EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT STAFFING DOCUMENT ZELIKOW 89 JUL 5 P 3:30 SYSTEM LOG NUMBER: 5300 ACTION OFFICER: HOTCHING DUE: Prepare Memo For Scowcroft/Gates Appropriate Action Prepare Memo For Cicconi Prepare Memo for Hughes Prepare Memo SCOWCROFT to WINSTON w/cc. CICCON! CONCURRENCES/COMMENTS* PHONE* to action officer at ext. 5732 FYI with FYI FYI Basora Lampley Rademaker Beers Leach Reiss Blackwill Levin Rice Briggs Lewis Rodman Brooks Mahley Rostow Charles Mandel Salvetti Coulson McCue Snider Deal Melby Tilley Donley Menan Tobey Dyke Miller Welch Ebner Miskel Whitley Grant Needels Working Haass Paal Zelikow Hoffmann Pacelli Hutchings Passage Jackson Popadiuk LaMagna Porter Kanter Pryce INFORMATION Hughes Gates (advance) Exec. Sec. Desk Scowcroft (advance) Secretariat SITTMANN COMMENTS CRW: 8905126 Logged By WJR URGENT Return to Secretariat Document No. 050582 5300 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 7/5/89 7/5/89 6:00 PM DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK, LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS SUBJECT: ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN STUDDERT BATES UNTERMEYER ROGERS BREEDEN CARD WINSTON CICCONI PINKERTON DEMAREST FITZWATER GRAY HAGIN REMARKS: Please forward any comments directly to Chriss Winston, Rm. 122, x2930, no later than 6:00 PM, TODAY, Wednesday, July 5, with an info copy to my office. Thank you. RESPONSE: James W. Cleconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 McGroarty/Dooley July 5, 1989 12:30 p.m. [LEIDEN] PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS JULY 18, 1989 3:00 PM [Introductory acknowledgements... ] Barbara and I thank Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands for the warm welcome you have given us. The Netherlands is an old friend and honored ally of the United States. The friendship between our nations is older than the American Constitution -- and Holland's United Provinces was one of the models our founders looked to in creating a nation from thirteen sovereign states. It is a pleasure to visit Leiden, the city that can rightly claim to be the birthplace of the Netherlands -- a city whose very name signifies Dutch resolve and determination. And for Americans, Leiden is a special city, a place where we too trace our origins. So many of the individuals who shaped the modern world walked the cobbled streets of Leiden. It was here in Leiden that Grotius -- the father of modern international law -- studied, in International Court of Justice the nation that is today home to the World Court. It was here 2 that Rembrandt lived and worked -- and created a world of beauty that moves us today. (English Puritans, who in our history are the known Pilgrims, as It was here to Leiden that the Pilgrims came to escape persecution -- to live, work and worship in peace. In the shadow of the Pieterskerk, they found the freedom to witness God -- openly and without fear. Here -- under the ancient stones of geiterskerk -- lies the body of John Robinson, the Pilgrims' spiritual leader. And it was from this place the Pilgrims set their course for a new world In search of liberty, they took with them lessons learned here of freedom and tolerance. The Pilgrims faced a dangerous passage. But, carried on the winds of hope, they arrived. On the rocky coast of New England -- at the edge of a wild and unsettled continent -- they planted the seeds of a new world -- a world that became America. Today, as when the Pilgrims left this city, a new world lies within our reach. Our time is a time of great hope -- and a time of dangerous passage. The new world we seek is shaped by an idea -- an idea of universal appeal and undeniable force. That idea is democracy. 3 The power of the democratic idea is evident everywhere -- in the halls of government, in the hearts of people from Beijing to Budapest who have yearned for generations to be free. In the words of Victor Hugo: An invasion of armies can be resisted, but not an idea whose time has come. And freedom's time has come. as you know from your own history, We -- the people of the United States, the people of the Netherlands -- are fortunate. The freedoms others are struggling for are freedoms we enjoy. But freedom never comes without struggle -- and it can never be sustained by people who forget that freedom is our most precious gift. partners in a moral and spiritual community Both of our nations are partners at alliance of free nations that spans the ocean the Pilgrims crossed. Our alliance, the NATO alliance, connects two continents unites a hemisphete. But what connects us isn't merely a fact of geography. Ours is an alliance forged on common values -- rooted in a shared history and heritage, a common kinship and culture. We are part of the commonwealth of free nations. We speak the common language of the Declaration of Independence. The Rights of Man -- whose truths ring truè today as they did two hundred years ago. The Treaty Union of Utrecht, and the traditions of union and liberty Built over centuries here in the Netherlands. 4 Seven weeks ago, I came to Europe to celebrate the fruits of our alliance: four decades of peace, prosperity and freedom. At the time of NATO's founding -- amid the airlifts to beseiged Berlin -- few would have predicted a peace so strong and lasting. Here in the Netherlands -- and not only here -- people expected war to come again within their lifetimes. Instead, the NATO era all of has brought the longest period of peace Europe has known in the modern ago. recorded history. And today, the Atlantic Alliance -- formed to contain the threat of Soviet expansionism -- is creating new opportunities to an ease tensions -- to build a new world, to build a more enduring Blackwell peace. While the very foundations of communist society are ending in the East, debete this is no time for US to be complacent. Thanks to NATO's strength and unity, we now have the opportunity to move beyond containment -- to integrate the Soviet Union into the community of nations. Thanks to NATO's steadiness Land the maintenance of needed deterrent forces, me of purpose, the way is now open to real reductions in the level on this continent of arms and Audleat that have cast a shadow We hope finally to remove over this continent, the most heavily militarized on earth. the presence of the shadow which massive Soriet conventional forces have cast over Western Europe since 1945. Seizing these opportunities -- reaching that new world -- depends on NATO's unity and strength -- not on the actions of one nation alone. Close cooperation is the key. The revival of the Western European Union -- of which the Netherlands is a charter member; the growing cooperation on security issues between West Blachwell delete and their moves toward corperation in this area 5 Germany and France; British and French resolve to modernize own nuclear systems: of these developments their deterrent forces: each is a sign that Europe is determined to sustain the collective strength that has kept the peace. And let me say clearly: A stronger Europe -- a more united Europe -- is not something America must fear. It is a development we welcome -- a natural evolution within our Alliance -- the product of true partnership forty years in the making. forward to the Single European Market This trend towards closer cooperation isn't limited to and a more integrated collective security alone. Around the world, countries are now European recognizing that no nation can prosper in economic isolation. community. That is why we ace bok That's the meaning of Europe 1992. and it's the maintain as The the world's major industrial democracies must work open trading together systam to haintain preserve sustained economic growth. This is a lesson which the Dutch people have understood for generations. [We made progress at the Economic Summit in Paris. Progress in developing a common approach to issues of common concern -- of global concern. Issues like the environment. Global warming, the destruction of our forests, and pollution of the world's oceans - - these are problems that know no borders, that no line on a map has the power to stop. Pollution crosses continents and oceans. It's time for nations to join forces in common defense of our enviroment. {Summit} 6 And it's time we tackle the debt problem. Debt is the kind of ticking time bomb that threatens growth everywhere -- not just in the developing world. This is more than a matter of economic development. Democracy is at stake. Freedom is no match for a hungry stomach -- and poverty is barren soil for the democratic idea. Economic development opens the door to a new world of democratic development -- and we must open that door for millions of people around the world. The steps we've taken towards a common strategy on debt will sustain a favorable climate for growth -- and for the flourishing of democracy in the developing world. {Summit} And finally, we made progress in a collective effort to encourage the movement towards greater freedom now underway in Eastern Europe. {Summit}] commonwealth The new world we seek is a of free nations working in concert -- a world where more nations live within the circle of freedom. Here in the pulpit at Pieterskerk, one year after armistice brought peace to Europe, Winston Churchill spoke to the people of 7 Leiden. The allies had triumphed over tyranny. The occupation was over. After six years of war and devastation, Churchill saw a Europe on the threshold of a new era. "The great wheel, he said, "has swung full circle." Churchill chose the motto of the great University of Leiden to give voice to his hope: "Let freedom reign." We all know what followed. Half of Europe entered that new era -- and half of Europe found its path blocked, walled off by barriers of brick and barbed wire. The half of Europe that was free dug out from the rubble, recovered from the war -- and laid the foundations of free government and free enterprise that brought unparalleled prosperity, and a life in peace and freedom. The "other Europe" -- the Europe behind the wall -- lived through four decades of privation and hardship, persecution and fear. Today, all that is changing. The great wheel has swung full circle once more. Our time is a time of new hope -- the hope that all of Europe can now know the freedom the Netherlands has known, that America has known, that our allies have known. 8 Our hope is the hope that the unnatural division of Europe will now come to an end -- that the Europe behind the wall will join its neighbors to the West, prosperous and free. One week ago, I visited Poland and Hungary -- two countries that have travelled far these past twelve months, farther than any of us would have thought possible. In Warsaw, I spoke to the new Polish Parliament that includes 100 freely-elected Senators - - elected to office in Eastern Europe's first truly free election in more than forty since the days yearstalin. In Hungary, I addressed the students and faculty of Karl Marx University -- a university where the lessons of the free market have replaced the teachings of Das Kapital. At the shipyards of Gdansk and at the statue of the great Hungarian hero Kossuth, hundreds of thousands of people filled the streets -- new voices, full of new hope for democracy. A sea of faces: the faces of Pilgrims on a journey -- fixed on the horizon, on the new world coming into view. In Poland, in Hungary -- and of course in the Soviet Union - - we're witnessing truly remarkable events. Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved from dictatorship to democracy. 9 But we're realistic. We know that the fact that these their regimes have begun to reform has more to do with the realization that communism is a dead-end doctrine than with any new-found love of freedom. But what matters is movement, not motive. Democracy takes on a momentum of its own. And whatever the odds, ultimately, freedom will succeed. That's a lesson the world has learned several times this century -- a lesson the Dutch know well. The Netherlands will never forget the nightmare of occupation. Many of you here today suffered through those five long years. And even then -- freedom endured. Here in Pieterskerk, behind the wall of this great church organ, a small group of university students -- sympathetic to the cause of resistance -- lived out the occupation in hiding. Daily acts of heroism -- the church sexton who brought them food, the neighborhood grocer who collected extra ration stamps - - kept them alive -- kept the spirit of dignity and human decency alive through the Netherland dark night. Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the 10 words of Jan Campert, poet of the Dutch resistance, they acted because "the heart could not do otherwise." Freedom can never be extinguished -- not then, not now. Even in the Europe behind the wall, the dream of freedom for all Europe has never died. It's alive today -- in Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest and across the Soviet Union, and in every corner of the closed societies of Eastern Europe: The challenge we face is clear: we must work together toward the day when all of Europe -- East and West -- is free of discord, free of division. A day when freedom and the democratic ideals we share find a common home in every city and town across this continent. Here in Leiden, where the Pilgrims dreamed their new world, let us pledge our effort to secure our own new world -- the new Europe, whole and free, that is now within our reach. Once again, thank you. God bless the Netherlands, God bless the United States of America, and the friends of freedom everywhere. # # # RESEARCH McGroarty/Dooley July 5, 1989 12:30 p.m. [LEIDEN] THE PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS JULY 18, 1989 3:00 PM 17 [Introductory acknowledgements ] Barbara and I thank Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands for the warm welcome you have given us. The Netherlands is an old friend and honored ally of the United States. The friendship between our nations is older than the Dutch the were X the American Constitution -- and Holland S United Provinces was one of the models our founders looked to in creating a nation from thirteen sovereign states. X It is a pleasure to visit Leiden, the city that can rightly X claim to be the birthplace of the Netherlands -- a city whose very name signifies Dutch resolve and determination. And for Americans, Leiden is a special city, a place where we too trace our origins. So many of the individuals who shaped the modern world walked the cobbled streets of Leiden. It was here in Leiden that Grotius -- the father of modern international law -- studied, in X the nation that is today home to the World Court. It was here Stet 2 that Rembrandt lived and worked -- and created a world of beauty that moves us today. It was here to Leiden that the Pilgrims came to escape persecution -- to live, work and worship in peace. In the shadow [PETERS - KIRK] of the Pieterskerk, they found the freedom to witness God -- openly and without fear. Here -- under the ancient stones of the Peiterskerk -- lies the body of John Robinson, the Pilgrims' spiritual leader was laid to rest And it was from this place the Pilgrims set their course for a new world. In search of liberty, they took with them lessons learned here of freedom and tolerance. The Pilgrims faced a dangerous passage. But, carried on the winds of hope, they arrived. On the rocky coast of New England -- at the edge of a wild and unsettled continent -- they planted the seeds of a new world -- a world that became America. Today, as when the Pilgrims left this city, a new world lies within our reach. Our time is a time of great hope -- and a time of dangerous passage. The new world we seek is shaped by an idea -- an idea of universal appeal and undeniable force. That idea is democracy. 3 The power of the democratic idea is evident everywhere -- in the halls of government, in the hearts of people from Beijing to Budapest who have yearned for generations to be free. In the No army can withstand the strength words of Victor Hugo: An invasion of armies can be resisted, but of an idea whose time has come. not an idea whose time has come. And freedom's time has come. We -- the people of the United States, the people of the Netherlands -- are fortunate. The freedoms others are struggling for are freedoms we enjoy. But freedom never comes without struggle -- and it can never be sustained by people who forget that freedom is our most precious gift. Both of our nations are partners in an alliance of free nations that spans the ocean the Pilgrims crossed. Our alliance, the NATO alliance, connects two continents -- unites a hemisphere. But what connects us isn't merely a fact of geography. Ours is an alliance forged on common values -- rooted in a shared history and heritage, a common kinship and culture. We speak the common language of the Declaration of Independence. The Rights of Man -- whose truths ring true today Union [YOU - TRECIE as they did two hundred years ago. The Treaty of Utrecht, and the traditions of union and liberty built over centuries here in the Netherlands. 4 Almost two months X Seven weeks ago, I came to Europe to celebrate the fruits of our alliance: four decades of peace, prosperity and freedom. At the time of NATO's founding -- amid the airlifts to beseiged Berlin -- few would have predicted a peace so strong and lasting. Here in the Netherlands -- and not only here -- people expected war to come again within their lifetimes. Instead, the NATO era has brought the longest period of peace Europe has known in the modern age. And today, the Atlantic Alliance -- formed to contain the threat of Soviet expansionism -- is creating new opportunities to ease tensions -- to build a new world, to build a more enduring peace. Thanks to NATO's strength and unity, we now have the opportunity to move beyond containment -- to integrate the Soviet Union into the community of nations. Thanks to NATO's steadiness of purpose, the way is now open to real reductions in the level of arms -- conventional and nuclear -- that have cast a shadow over this continent, the most heavily militarized on earth. Seizing these opportunities -- reaching that new world -- depends on NATO's unity and strength -- not on the actions of one nation alone. Close cooperation is the key. The revival of the played avital role Western European Union -- of which the Netherlands is a charter member; the growing cooperation on security issues between West 5 Germany and France; British and French resolve to modernize their deterrent forces: each is a sign that Europe is determined to sustain the collective strength that has kept the peace. And let me say clearly: A stronger Europe -- a more united Europe -- is not something America must fear. It is a development we welcome -- a natural evolution within our Alliance -- the product of true partnership forty years in the making. This trend towards closer cooperation isn't limited to collective security alone. Around the world, countries are now recognizing that no nation can prosper in economic isolation. That's the meaning of Europe 1992 -- and it's the principle reason the world's major industrial democracies must work together to maintain conditions for sustained economic growth. [We made progress at the Economic Summit in Paris. Progress in developing a common approach to issues of common concern -- of global concern. Issues like the environment. Global warming, the destruction of our forests, and pollution of the world's oceans - - these are problems that know no borders, that no line on a map has the power to stop. Pollution crosses continents and oceans. It's time for nations to join forces in common defense of our enviroment. {Summit} 6 And it's time we tackle the debt problem. Debt is the kind of ticking time bomb that threatens growth everywhere -- not just in the developing world. This is more than a matter of economic development. Democracy is at stake. Freedom is no match for a hungry stomach -- and poverty is barren soil for the democratic idea. Economic development opens the door to a new world of democratic development -- and we must open that door for millions of people around the world. The steps we've taken towards a common strategy on debt will sustain a favorable climate for growth -- and for the flourishing of democracy in the developing world. {Summit} And finally, we made progress in a collective effort to encourage the movement towards greater freedom now underway in Eastern Europe. {Summit}] The new world we seek is a world of free nations working in concert -- a world where more nations live within the circle of freedom. the Here in the pulpit at Pieterskerk, one year after armistice was restoud un on brought peače to Europe, Winston Churchill spoke to the people of 7 Leiden. The allies had triumphed over tyranny. The occupation was over. After six years of war and devastation, Churchill saw a Europe on the threshold of a new era. "The great wheel, " he said, "has swung full circle." Churchill chose the motto of the great University of Leiden to give voice to his hope: "Let freedom reign." ? We all know what followed. Half of Europe entered that new era -- and half of Europe found its path blocked, walled off by barriers of brick and barbed wire. The half of Europe that was free dug out from the rubble, recovered from the war -- and laid the foundations of free government and free enterprise that brought unparalleled prosperity, and a life in peace and freedom. The "other Europe" -- the Europe behind the wall -- lived through four decades of privation and hardship, persecution and fear. Today, all that is changing. The great wheel has swung full circle once more. Our time is a time of new hope -- the hope that all of Europe can now know the freedom the Netherlands has known, that America has known, that our allies have known. 8 Our hope is the hope that the unnatural division of Europe will now come to an end -- that the Europe behind the wall will join its neighbors to the West, prosperous and free. Last week One week ago, I visited Poland and Hungary -- two countries that have travelled far these past twelve months, farther than any of us would have thought possible. In Warsaw, I spoke to the new Polish Parliament that includes 100 freely-elected Senators - - elected to office in Eastern Europe's first truly free election since the days of Stalin. In Hungary, I addressed the students and faculty of Karl Marx University -- a university where the lessons of the free market have replaced the teachings of Das Kapital. At the shipyards of Gdansk and at the statue of the great Hungarian hero Kossuth, hundreds of thousands of people filled the streets -- new voices, full of new hope for democracy. A sea of faces: the faces of Pilgrims on a journey -- fixed on the horizon, on the new world coming into view. In Poland, in Hungary -- and of course in the Soviet Union - - we're witnessing truly remarkable events. Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved from dictatorship to democracy. 9 But we're realistic. We know that the fact that these regimes have begun to reform has more to do with the realization that communism is a dead-end doctrine than with any new-found love of freedom. But what matters is movement, not motive. once set In motion - Democracy takes on a momentum of its own. And whatever the odds, ultimately, freedom will succeed. That's a lesson the world has learned several times this century -- a lesson the Dutch know well. The Netherlands will Some x never forget the nightmare of occupation. Many of you here today suffered through those five long years. the And even then -- freedom endured. Here in Pieterskerk, and above the rafter S behind the wal of this great church organ, a small group of university students -- sympathetic to the cause of resistance -- lived out the occupation in hiding. university students + Resistance fighters hid different times of the occupation some even Daily acts of heroism -- the church sexton who brought them food, the neighborhood grocer who collected extra ration stamps - - kept them alive -- kept the spirit of dignity and human decency alive through the Netherland's dark night. Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the [YAHN RAHM PART] 10 words of Jan Campert, poet of the Dutch resistance, they acted because "the heart could not do otherwise." Freedom can never be extinguished -- not then, not now. Even in the Europe behind the wall, the dream of freedom for all Europe has never died. It's alive today -- in Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest and across the Soviet Union, and in every corner of the closed societies of Eastern Europe. The challenge we face is clear: we must work together toward the day when all of Europe -- East and West -- is free of discord, free of division. A day when freedom and the democratic ideals we share find a common home in every city and town across this continent. Here in Leiden, where the Pilgrims dreamed their new world, let us pledge our effort to secure our own new world -- the new Europe, whole and free, that is now within our reach. Once again, thank you. God bless the Netherlands, God bless the United States of America, and the friends of freedom everywhere. # # # Document No. 050582 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 7/5/89 7/5/89 6:00 PM DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK, LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS SUBJECT: ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN STUDDERT BATES UNTERMEYER ROGERS BREEDEN CARD WINSTON CICCONI PINKERTON DEMAREST FITZWATER GRAY HAGIN REMARKS: Please forward any comments directly to Chriss Winston, Rm. 122, x2930, no later than 6:00 PM, TODAY, Wednesday, July 5, with an info copy to my office. Thank you. RESPONSE: GBW JUN P4: 39 7/5 James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 Document No. 050582 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 7/5/89 7/5/89 6:00 PM DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK, LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS SUBJECT: ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN STUDDERT BATES UNTERMEYER ROGERS BREEDEN CARD WINSTON CICCONI PINKERTON DEMAREST FITZWATER GRAY HAGIN REMARKS: Please forward any comments directly to Chriss Wins ton, Rm. 122, x2930, no later than 6:00 PM, TODAY, Wednesday July 5, with an info copy to my office. Thank you. RESPONSE: JUN P5: 36 No Comments 7/5/89 James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 Document No. 050582 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 7/5/89 7/5/89 6:00 PM DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK, LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS SUBJECT: ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN STUDDERT BATES UNTERMEYER ROGERS BREEDEN CARD WINSTON PINKERTON CICCONI DEMAREST FITZWATER GRAY HAGIN REMARKS: Please forward any comments directly to Chriss Winston, Rm. 122, x2930, no later than 6:00 PM, TODAY, Wednesday, July 5, with an info copy to my office. Thank you. RESPONSE: Docomment Typo page 5 89JJN4 89 JUN P5: James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 7, 1989 INFORMATION MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT THROUGH: CHRISS WINSTON cw FROM: DANIEL MCGROARTY Mary SUBJECT: REMARKS AT THE PIETERSKERK IN LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS I. SUMMARY On Monday, July 17, at 3:00 pm, you will speak at the Pieterskerk in Leiden, the Netherlands. The Pilgrims lived in the town of Leiden for eleven years before sailing to the New World. Although they lived near the Pieterskerk, the Pilgrims did not worship at the Pieterskerk. This is a preliminary draft, which does not include NSC or any other comments from the staffing process. II. DISCUSSION The speech serves as a framework for both of your European trips. It discusses the ever-growing ideal of freedom: how it served as a basis for the common values of Western Europe and the United States. The Pieterskerk is the perfect setting to discuss the future of freedom and democracy at a time when we -- like the Pilgrims of Leiden -- stand on the threshold of a new world. The remarks will also discuss the accomplishments of the Paris Economic Summit. ### McGroarty/Dooley July 7, 1989 6:00 p.m. [LEIDEN] PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: THE PIETERSKERK LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS JULY 17, 1989 3:00 PM [Introductory acknowledgements ] Barbara and I thank Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands for the warm welcome you have given us. The Netherlands is an old friend and honored ally of the United States. The friendship between our nations is older than the American Constitution -- and the United Provinces were one of the models our founders looked to in creating a nation from thirteen sovereign states. It is a pleasure to visit Leiden -- a city whose very name signifies Dutch resolve and determination. And for Americans, too, Leiden is a special city, a place where we trace our origins. So many of the individuals who shaped the modern world walked the cobbled streets of Leiden. It was here in Leiden that Grotius -- the father of modern international law -- studied, in the nation that is today home to the World Court. It was here 2 that Rembrandt lived and worked -- and created a world of beauty that moves us today. It was here to Leiden that the Pilgrims came to escape persecution -- to live, work and worship in peace. In the shadow of the Pieterskerk [PETERS-KIRK], they found the freedom to witness God -- openly and without fear. Here -- under the ancient stones of the Peiterskerk -- the body of John Robinson, the Pilgrims' spiritual leader, was laid to rest. And it was from this place the Pilgrims set their course for a new world. In search of liberty, they took with them lessons learned here of freedom and tolerance. The Pilgrims faced a dangerous passage. But, carried on the winds of hope, they arrived. On the rocky coast of New England -- at the edge of a wild and unsettled continent -- they planted the seeds of a new world -- a world that became America. Today, as when the Pilgrims left this city, a new world lies within our reach. Our time is a time of great hope -- and a time of dangerous passage. The new world we seek is shaped by an idea -- an idea of universal appeal and undeniable force. That idea is democracy. 3 The power of the democratic idea is evident everywhere -- in the halls of government, in the hearts of people from Beijing to Budapest who have yearned for generations to be free. In the words of Victor Hugo: "No army can withstand the strength of an idea whose time has come." And freedom's time has come. We -- the people of the United States, the people of the Netherlands -- are fortunate. The freedoms others are struggling for are freedoms we enjoy. But freedom never comes without struggle -- and it can never be sustained by people who forget that freedom is our most precious gift. Both of our nations are partners in an alliance of free nations that spans the ocean the Pilgrims crossed. Our alliance, the NATO alliance, connects two continents -- unites a hemisphere. But what connects us isn't merely a fact of geography. Ours is an alliance forged on common values -- rooted in a shared history and heritage, a common kinship and culture. We speak the common language of the Declaration of Independence. The Rights of Man -- whose truths ring true today as they did two hundred years ago. The Union of Utrecht [YOU- TRECT], and the tradition of liberty built over centuries here in the Netherlands. 4 Almost two months ago, I came to Europe to celebrate the fruits of our alliance: four decades of peace, prosperity and freedom. At the time of NATO's founding -- amid the airlifts to beseiged Berlin -- few would have predicted a peace so strong and lasting. Here in the Netherlands -- and not only here -- people expected war to come again within their lifetimes. Instead, the NATO era has brought the longest period of peace Europe has known in the modern age. And today, the Atlantic Alliance -- formed to contain the threat of Soviet expansionism -- is creating new opportunities to ease tensions -- to build a new world, to build a more enduring peace. Thanks to NATO's strength and unity, we now have the opportunity to move beyond containment -- to integrate the Soviet Union into the community of nations. Thanks to NATO's steadiness of purpose, the way is now open to real reductions in the level of arms -- conventional and nuclear -- that have cast a shadow over this continent, the most heavily militarized on earth. Seizing these opportunities -- reaching that new world -- depends on NATO's unity and strength -- not on the actions of one nation alone. Close cooperation is the key. The revival of the Western European Union -- in which the Netherlands played a vital role; the growing cooperation on security issues between West 5 Germany and France; British and French resolve to modernize their deterrent forces: each is a sign that Europe is determined to sustain the collective strength that has kept the peace. And let me say clearly: A stronger Europe -- a more united Europe -- is not something America must fear. It is a development we welcome -- a natural evolution within our Alliance -- the product of true partnership forty years in the making. This trend towards closer cooperation isn't limited to collective security alone. Around the world, countries are now recognizing that no nation can prosper in economic isolation. That's the meaning of Europe 1992 -- and it's the principle reason the world's major industrial democracies must work together to maintain conditions for sustained economic growth. [We made progress at the Economic Summit in Paris. Progress in developing a common approach to issues of common concern -- of global concern. Issues like the environment. Global warming, the destruction of our forests, and pollution of the world's oceans - - these are problems that know no borders, that no line on a map has the power to stop. Pollution crosses continents and oceans. It's time for nations to join forces in common defense of our environment. {Summit} DAVE McGroarty/Dooley July 7, 1989 6:00 p.m. [LEIDEN] PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: THE PIETERSKERK LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS JULY 17, 1989 3:00 PM [Introductory acknowledgements ] Barbara and I thank Her Majesty Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands for the warm welcome you have given us. The Netherlands is an old friend and honored ally of the United States. The friendship between our nations is older than the American Constitution -- and the United Provinces were one of the models our founders looked to in creating a nation from thirteen sovereign states. It is a pleasure to visit Leiden -- a city whose very name signifies Dutch resolve and determination. And for Americans, too, Leiden is a special city, a place where we trace our origins. So many of the individuals who shaped the modern world walked the cobbled streets of Leiden. It was here in Leiden that Grotius -- the father of modern international law -- studied, in the nation that is today home to the World Court. It was here 2 that Rembrandt lived and worked -- and created a world of beauty that moves us today. It was here to Leiden that the Pilgrims came to escape persecution -- to live, work and worship in peace. In the shadow of the Pieterskerk [PETERS-KIRK], they found the freedom to witness God -- openly and without fear. Here -- under the ancient stones of the Peiterskerk -- the body of John Robinson, the Pilgrims' spiritual leader, was laid to rest. And it was from this place the Pilgrims set their course for a new world. In search of liberty, they took with them lessons learned here of freedom and tolerance. The Pilgrims faced a dangerous passage. But, carried on the winds of hope, they arrived. On the rocky coast of New England -- at the edge of a wild and unsettled continent -- they planted the seeds of a new world -- a. world that became America. Today, as when the Pilgrims left this city, a new world lies within our reach. Our time is a time of great hope -- and a time of dangerous passage. The new world we seek is shaped by an idea -- an idea of universal appeal and undeniable force. That idea is democracy. 3 The power of the democratic idea is evident everywhere -- in the halls of government, in the hearts of people from Beijing to Budapest who have yearned for generations to be free. In the words of Victor Hugo: "No army can withstand the strength of an idea whose time has come." And freedom's time has come. We -- the people of the United States, the people of the Netherlands -- are fortunate. The freedoms others are struggling for are freedoms we enjoy. But freedom never comes without struggle -- and it can never be sustained by people who forget that freedom is our most precious gift. Both of our nations are partners in an alliance of free nations that spans the ocean the Pilgrims crossed. Our alliance, the NATO alliance, connects two continents -- unites a hemisphere. But what connects us isn't merely a fact of geography. Ours is an alliance forged on common values -- rooted in a shared history and heritage, a common kinship and culture. We speak the common language of the Declaration of Independence. The Rights of Man -- whose truths ring true today as they did two hundred years ago. The Union of Utrecht [YOU- TRECT], and the tradition of liberty built over centuries here in the Netherlands. 4 Almost two months ago, I came to Europe to celebrate the fruits of our alliance: four decades of peace, prosperity and freedom. At the time of NATO's founding -- amid the airlifts to beseiged Berlin -- few would have predicted a peace so strong and lasting. Here in the Netherlands -- and not only here -- people expected war to come again within their lifetimes. Instead, the NATO era has brought the longest period of peace Europe has known in the modern age. And today, the Atlantic Alliance -- formed to contain the threat of Soviet expansionism -- is creating new opportunities to ease tensions -- to build a new world, to build a more enduring peace. 1 Thanks to NATO's strength and unity, we now have the opportunity to move beyond containment -- to integrate the Soviet Union into the community of nations. Thanks to NATO's steadiness of purpose, the way is now open to real reductions in the level of arms -- conventional and nuclear -- that have cast a shadow over this continent, the most heavily militarized on earth. Seizing these opportunities -- reaching that new world -- depends on NATO's unity and strength -- not on the actions of one nation alone. Close cooperation is the key. The revival of the Western European Union -- in which the Netherlands played a vital role; the growing cooperation on security issues between West 5 Germany and France; British and French resolve to modernize their deterrent forces: each is a sign that Europe is determined to sustain the collective strength that has kept the peace. And let me say clearly: A stronger Europe -- a more united or the VSSR? Europe -- is not something America must fear. It is a development we welcome -- a natural evolution within our Alliance -- the product of true partnership forty years in the making. This trend towards closer cooperation isn't limited to collective security alone. Around the world, countries are now recognizing that no nation can prosper in economic isolation. That's the meaning of Europe 1992 -- and it's the principle reason the world's major industrial democracies must work together to maintain conditions for sustained economic growth. [We made progress at the Economic Summit in Paris. Progress in developing a common approach to issues of common concern -- of global concern. Issues like the environment. Global warming, the destruction of our forests, and pollution of the world's oceans - - these are problems that know no borders, that no line on a map has the power to stop. Pollution crosses continents and oceans. It's time for nations to join forces in common defense of our environment. {Summit} 6 And it's time we tackle the debt problem. Debt is the kind of ticking time bomb that threatens growth everywhere -- not just in the developing world. This is more than a matter of economic development. Democracy is at stake. Freedom is no match for a hungry stomach -- and poverty is barren soil for the democratic idea. Economic development opens the door to a new world of democratic development -- and we must open that door for millions of people around the world. The steps we've taken towards a common strategy on debt will sustain a favorable climate for growth -- and for the flourishing of democracy in the developing world. {Summit} And finally, we made progress in a collective effort to encourage the movement towards greater freedom now underway in Eastern Europe. {Summit}] The new world we seek is a world of free nations working in concert -- a world where more nations live within the circle of freedom. Here in the pulpit at the Pieterskerk, one year after peace was restored in Europe, Winston Churchill spoke to the people of 7 Leiden. The allies had triumphed over tyranny. The occupation was over. After six years of war and devastation, Churchill said: "The great wheel has swung full circle." Europe stood at the threshold of a new era -- an era whose hope Churchill expressed in a single, simple phrase: "Let freedom reign." We all know what followed. Half of Europe entered that new era -- and half of Europe found its path blocked, walled off by barriers of brick and barbed wire. The half of Europe that was free dug out from the rubble, recovered from the war -- and laid the foundations of free government and free enterprise that brought unparalleled prosperity, and a life in peace and freedom. The "other Europe" -- the Europe behind the wall -- lived through four decades of privation and hardship, persecution and fear. Today, all that is changing. The great wheel has swung full circle once more. Our time is a time of new hope -- the hope that all of Europe can now know the freedom the Netherlands has known, that America has known, that our allies have known. 8 Our hope is the hope that the unnatural division of Europe will now come to an end -- that the Europe behind the wall will join its neighbors to the West, prosperous and free. Last week, I visited Poland and Hungary -- two countries that have travelled far these past twelve months, farther than any of us would have thought possible. In Warsaw, I spoke to the new Polish Parliament that includes 100 freely-elected Senators - - elected to office in Eastern Europe's first truly free election since the days of Stalin. In Hungary, I addressed the students and faculty of Karl Marx University -- a university where the lessons of the free market have replaced the teachings of Das Kapital. are replacing? At the shipyards of Gdansk and at the statue of the great Hungarian hero Kossuth, thousands of people filled the streets -- new voices, full of new hope for democracy. A sea of faces: the new faces of Pilgrims on a journey -- fixed on the horizon, on the new world coming into view. In Poland, in Hungary -- and of course in the Soviet Union - - we're witnessing truly remarkable events. Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved from dictatorship to democracy. 9 But we're realistic. We know that the fact that these regimes have begun to reform has more to do with the realization that communism is a dead-end doctrine than with any new-found love of freedom. But what matters is movement, not motive. Democracy -- once set in motion -- takes on a momentum of its own. And whatever the odds, ultimately, freedom will succeed. That's a lesson the world has learned several times this century -- a lesson the Dutch know well. The Netherlands will never forget the nightmare of occupation. Some of you here today suffered through those five long years. And even then -- freedom endured. Here in the Pieterskerk -- behind these walls, above the rafters -- resistance fighters and university students took refuge from the forces of occupation, found safe haven in this church. Daily acts of heroism -- the church sexton who brought them food, the neighborhood grocer who collected extra ration stamps - - kept them alive -- kept the spirit of dignity and human decency alive through the Netherland's dark night. Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the 10 words of Jan Campert [YAHN KAHM-PERT], poet of the Dutch resistance, they acted because "the heart could not do otherwise." Freedom can never be extinguished -- not then, not now. Even in the Europe behind the wall, the dream of freedom for all Europe has never died. It's alive today -- in Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest and across the Soviet Union, and in every corner of the closed societies of Eastern Europe. The challenge we face is clear: we must work together toward the day when all of Europe -- East and West -- is free of discord, free of division. A day when freedom and the democratic ideals we share find a common home in every city and town across this continent. Here in Leiden, where the Pilgrims dreamed their new world, let us pledge our effort to secure our own new world -- the new Europe, whole and free, that is now within our reach. Once again, thank you. God bless the Netherlands, God bless the United States of America, and the friends of freedom everywhere. # # # Document No. 050582 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 7/5/89 7/5/89 6:00 PM DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: PIETERSKERK, LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS SUBJECT: ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN STUDDERT BATES UNTERMEYER ROGERS BREEDEN CARD WINSTON CICCONI PINKERTON DEMAREST FITZWATER GRAY 7803 HAGIN REMARKS: Please forward any comments directly to Chriss Winston, Rm. 122, x2930, no later than 6:00 PM, TODAY, Wednesday, July 5, with an info copy to my office. Thank you. 07 NSC RESPONSE: GRADY INSERT PORTER PINK suggeshim/Brady Plan) James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 7 Leiden. The allies had triumphed over tyranny. The occupation was over. After six years of war and devastation, Churchill said: "The great wheel has swung full circle." Europe stood at the threshold of a new era -- an era whose hope Churchill expressed in a single, simple phrase: "Let freedom reign.' We all know what followed. Half of Europe entered that new era -- and half of Europe found its path blocked, walled off by barriers of brick and barbed wire. The half of Europe that was free dug out from the rubble, recovered from the war -- and laid the foundations of free government and free enterprise that brought unparalleled prosperity, and a life in peace and freedom. The "other Europe" -- the Europe behind the wall -- lived through four decades of privation and hardship, persecution and fear. Today, all that is changing. The great wheel has swung full circle once more. Our time is a time of new hope -- the hope that all of Europe can now know the freedom the Netherlands has known, that America has known, that our allies have known. 8 Our hope is the hope that the unnatural division of Europe will now come to an end -- that the Europe behind the wall will join its neighbors to the West, prosperous and free. Last week, I visited Poland and Hungary -- two countries that have travelled far these past twelve months, farther than any of us would have thought possible. In Warsaw, I spoke to the new Polish Parliament that includes 100 freely-elected Senators - - elected to office in Eastern Europe's first truly free election since the days of Stalin. In Hungary, I addressed the students and faculty of Karl Marx University -- a university where the lessons of the free market have replaced the teachings of Das Kapital. At the shipyards of Gdansk and at the statue of the great Hungarian hero Kossuth, thousands of people filled the streets -- new voices, full of new hope for democracy. A sea of faces: the faces of Pilgrims on a journey -- fixed on the horizon, on the new world coming into view. In Poland, in Hungary -- and of course in the Soviet Union - - we're witnessing truly remarkable events. Never in the history of the communist world has a nation moved from dictatorship to democracy. 9 But we're realistic. We know that the fact that these regimes have begun to reform has more to do with the realization that communism is a dead-end doctrine than with any new-found love of freedom. But what matters is movement, not motive. Democracy -- once set in motion -- takes on a momentum of its own. And whatever the odds, ultimately, freedom will succeed. That's a lesson the world has learned several times this century -- a lesson the Dutch know well. The Netherlands will never forget the nightmare of occupation. Some of you here today suffered through those five long years. And even then -- freedom endured. Here in the Pieterskerk -- behind these walls, above the rafters -- resistance fighters and university students took refuge from the forces of occupation, found safe haven in this church. Daily acts of heroism -- the church sexton who brought them food, the neighborhood grocer who collected extra ration stamps - - kept them alive -- kept the spirit of dignity and human decency alive through the Netherland's dark night. Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the 10 Why? Why would people endanger themselves to save others? They did it for the simplest, most human of reasons. In the words of Jan Campert [YAHN KAHM-PERT], poet of the Dutch resistance, they acted because "the heart could not do otherwise." Freedom can never be extinguished -- not then, not now. Even in the Europe behind the wall, the dream of freedom for all Europe has never died. It's alive today -- in Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest and across the Soviet Union, and in every corner of the closed societies of Eastern Europe. The challenge we face is clear: we must work together toward the day when all of Europe -- East and West -- is free of discord, free of division. A day when freedom and the democratic ideals we share find a common home in every city and town across this continent. Here in Leiden, where the Pilgrims dreamed their new world, let us pledge our effort to secure our own new world -- the new Europe, whole and free, that is now within our reach. Once again, thank you. God bless the Netherlands, God bless the United States of America, and the friends of freedom everywhere. # # #