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44th Session of the United Nations General Assembly 9/25/89 [OA 4390]
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44th Session of the United Nations General Assembly 9/25/89 [OA 4390]
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44th Session of the United Nations General Assembly 9/25/89 [OA 4390]
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25
6
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3
074447SS
CLOSE HOLD
Document No.
WHITE HOUSE STAFFING SENSITIVE MEMORANDUM
7458
DATE: 9/20/89
9/21/89 2:00 PM
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY:
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
SUBJECT:
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
MCCLURE
SUNUNU
NEWMAN
SCOWCROFT
PORTER
DARMAN
STUDDERT
BATES
UNTERMEYER
BREEDEN
ROGERS
CARD
WINSTON
PINKERTON
CICCONI
BOSKIN
DEMAREST
FITZWATER
GRAY
HAGIN
REMARKS:
Please forward any comments directly to Chriss Winston,
Rm. 122, x2930, no later than 2:00 PM, Thursday, September
21, with a copy to my office. Thank you.
RESPONSE:
September 21, 1989
SEP 22 22 A9: A9:24 24
TO: CHRISS WINSTON
NSC concurs, CLOSE HOL and changes SENSITIVE
Brent Scowcroft
James W. Cicconi
Assistant to the President
CC: James W. Cicconi
and Deputy to the Chief of Staff
Ext. 2702
Possible CFE addition to the President's UNGA speech:
[Transition, e.g.: While we are taking new steps to rid the world
of the terrible scourge of chemical weapons, we are continuing to
move forward at an accelerated pace on other fronts.]
Last Thursday in Vienna, the NATO Allies tabled new proposals on
conventional arms control with the members of the Warsaw Pact.
With these proposals, we reconfirm our commitment to accelerating
the pace of these negotiations. Our aim is to alleviate the
imbalance of armed forces which has threatened the security of
Europe for four decades.
These negotiations are but one part of our larger ambition for
the future of Europe. Our goal is nothing short of a Europe that
is whole and free. It is a goal that will do justice to the
aspirations of all Europeans; a goal that will enable them to
live their lives free from intimidation, free from fear, free to
choose. The commitment of the United States to achieving this
goal is unswerving.
AKindeff indratt
Concurrence by: Arnold Kanter, Robert Blackwill, Judyt Mandel,
Barry indiant Lowenkron
NSC Edits
McGroarty/Dooley
September 20, 1989
09 SEP 20 P6: 34
6:00 pm
[UN]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS
NEW YORK CITY
SEPTEMBER 25, 1989
11:00 AM
Mr. President, Mr. Secretary-General, distinguished
delegates of the United Nations: I am honored to speak to you
today as you open the 44th Session of the General Assembly.
And I feel a great personal pleasure as well. This is a
1971 and 1972
Cold
homecoming for me. The memories of my time here A are still with
mention
when
me today -- the human moments -- the humorous moments -- that are
part of even the highest undertaking.
Let me share one story -- from one of the many sessions of
the Security Council. I was 45 minutes late getting to the
meeting -- 45 minutes filled by the first speaker to take the
floor. When I walked in and took my seat, the speaker paused and
said with great courtesy: "I welcome the Permanent
Representative of the United States, and now -- for his benefit -
- I will start my speech again -- from the beginning. [[Pause]]
At that moment, differences of alliance and ideology didn't
matter. The universal groan that went up around the table --
from every member present -- and the laughter that followed --
united us all. [[Pause]]
[Today, I would like to begin by recognizing the seven
delegates who served with me 18 years ago -- and who still serve
2
today. Mr. Secretary General. Undersecretary General Abdulrahim
Abby Farah. Ambassadors Roberto Martinez-Ordonez. Manglyn
Dugersuren. Blaise Rabetaflika. Zenon Rossides. John Dube.
It's an honor to be back with you in this historic hall.]
All of us here today know first-hand the dedication -- the
sincere desire for peace -- inspired by the high, humane
principles enshrined in the UN Charter.
The United Nations was established forty-four years ago upon
isn't
just Theme ground common or
the ashes of war -- amidst great hopes. And the United Nations
can do great things. No, the UN isn't perfect. It's not a
Insensus,
panacea for the world's problems. But it is -- and must remain -
but
of
armed
- a vital forum where the nations of the world seek to replace
conduct
the peaceful resolution of disputes according to the law of the UN Charter.
This organization has the strong support of the UnitedStates of America.
conflict with consensus)
endorsement Explicit
And the UN is moving closer to that ideal. In recent years
-- certainly since my time here -- the war of words that has
often echoed in this chamber is giving way to a new mood. We've
seen a shift -- from polemics to peacekeeping. The result: the
emergence of the United Nations as a force for peace.
The world has recognized the real valor of the peacekeeping
forces -- the valor that brought them the Nobel Prize for Peace
one year ago. They are on duty at this very moment: in South
Asia and in Africa, in the Middle East and the Mediterranean.
Over the years, more than 700 Peacekeepers have given their
lives in service to the United Nations. Today, I want to
remember one of these soldiers of peace. An American -- on a
mission of peace under the UN flag -- on a mission for all the
3
world. A man of unquestioned bravery and unswerving dedication
to the UN ideal: Lt. Col. William Richard Higgins. [[Pause]]
build Secur Cancil's efforts and to
Security
Cancil passed
I call on the General Assembly to condemn the murder of this
Communitory
soldier of peace -- and to call on those responsible to return
which called
refolution,
his remains to his family. And let us all right now -- right
for release
here -- rededicate ourselves and our nations to the cause that
hostages, etc.
Colonel Higgins served so selflessly.
The founders of this historic institution believed that it
together
was here at the UN that the nations of the world might comesto
See
agree that law, notforce, shall govern their relations. That effort is unfinished, and
note on
(find common ground And the United Nations can play a key role]
p.z
remains a part of our task of making the hopes of 1945 4 living reality. Inspiring tha
in the central development of our time : For today, there is an effort
the flowering of the idea of freedom.
idea at work around the globe an idea of undeniable force.
today is
That idea is: Freedom
The advance of freedom is evident everywhere. In Central
Europe: In Hungary -- where state and society are now in the
midst of a movement towards political pluralism and a free market
economy. Where the barrier that once enforced an unnatural
division between Hungary and its neighbors to the West has been
torn down -- replaced by new hope for the future. New hope in
freedom.
Because where there is hope of freedom at home -- no one
must flee to find it elsewhere.
We see the trend toward freedom at work in Poland -- where,
for the first time in the history of communist rule, the Party
has relinquished its monopoly on power, in deference to the will
4
of the people. And in the Soviet Union -- where the world hears
the voices of people no longer afraid to speak out, to assert the
right to rule themselves.
But freedom's rise is not confined to a single continent --
or to the developed world alone. In Latin America, one by one,
dictatorships are giving way to democracy. This year alone,
fourteen free elections will be held across Latin America --
proof that the day of the dictator is over.
Freedom is alive on the continent of Africa -- where more
and more nations see in the system of free enterprise salvation
for economies crippled by excessive state control.
East and West -- North and South: on every continent, we
can see a new world of freedom on the horizon.
Of course, freedom's work remains unfinished. The trend we
see underway in the world is not yet universal. Some regimes
stand against the tide. Some rulers will deny -- if they can --
the power of people to govern themselves. But never before have
these regimes stood so isolated and alone -- so out of step with
the steady advance of freedom. Never before have the forces of
prejudice and sheer power faced such a challenge.
The world in this century has seen great change. Two world
wars. The dissolution of the colonial system -- and the birth of
dozens of new nations. And a battle in the war of ideas as well
Battle is
as freedom was assau Hed by two great totalitarian
between the ideologies, of right and left. One of these
x
X
left right but
was
ideologies -- fascism -- defeated almost a half century ago,
freedim vs. extremes
(Coday universally despised The other -- communism -- has, for
left of both + right
5
most of this century, captivated the minds of (some of the world's
consumed or constricted the lives of
(most powerful rulers -- and enslaved tens of millions of men and
women around the globe.
Today, that grip is loosening each passing day. We are
witnessing the collapse of communist ideology -- the demise of
an 1dea that is now discredited despised and increasingly discarded.
the totalitarian idea of the all powerful State.)
There are many reasons for this collapse. But in the end,
one fact alone explains what we see today: Its advocates saw the
triumph of the totalitarian ideal written in the laws of history.
They failed to see the love of freedom written in the human
heart.
From where we stand -- on the threshold of the final decade
of this century -- the trend is clear enough. If, for those who
write the history of our times, the 20th century is remembered as
the century of the State -- the 21st must be an era of
emancipation -- the age of the Individual. A day when freedom is
seen the world over to be the universal birthright of every man
and woman -- of every race and walk of life.
Make no mistake: Nothing can stand in the way of this
advance. Even under the worst of circumstances, at the darkest
of times, freedom has always remained alive -- a distant dream,
perhaps, but always alive.
Today, that dream is no longer distant. Today is freedom's
moment. For the first time, for millions around the world -- a
new world of freedom is within reach.
*****
6
Today, the possibility exists for the creation of a true
community of nations -- built on shared interests and ideals. A
true community -- not one dominated by a single nation. A world
where free government and free markets meet the rising desire we
see all around us for people to control their own destiny.
[[Pause]]
It is time we worked together to deliver that destiny into
the hands of men and women everywhere.
Our challenge is to strengthen the foundations of freedom --
and encourage its advance. Today, I want to speak to this
distinguished assembly about the urgent challenges we face:
ensuring -- on a global scale -- economic health, environmental
well-being, and answering the great questions of war and peace.
First, global economic growth. During this decade, a number
of developing nations have moved into the ranks of the world's
most advanced economies -- all of them -- each and every one -
- powered by the engine of free enterprise.
In the decade ahead, others can follow their lead. But --
for many nations -- barriers stand in the way. In the case of
some countries, these are obstacles of their own making:
excessive tariffs and other restrictions on trade. We and our
partners in the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs are
x
working now to complete the Uruguay Round. By year's end, we
hope to have consensus on a system that promotes open, free and
fair trade -- a system that works to the benefit of all.
7
But other barriers to growth exist, and those too require
effective action. Too many developing countries struggle today
under a burden of debt that makes growth all but impossible. The
developing nations of the world deserve the opportunity to build
better lives for their people, to achieve a measure of control
over their own economic fates.
The approach the U.S. has put forward -- the Brady plan --
will help these nations cope with debt -- and create conditions
for the free market reforms that will fuel growth.
In just two days I will be speaking to the International
Monetary Fund. I'll discuss there in more detail the next steps
the U.S. and other developed nations can take in dealing with the
debt problem. But I can say now: the new world of freedom is
not a world where a few nations live in comfort, while others
live in want.
I believe we'll learn in the century ahead that the nations
of the world have barely begun to tap their true potential for
development. The free market and its fruits are not the special
preserve of a few. They belong equally to all.
Beyond the challenge of global growth lies another issue of
global magnitude: the environment. No line drawn on a map can
stop the advance of pollution. Threats to our environment have
become an international problem. We must develop an
international approach to current environmental issues -- one
that seeks common solutions to common problems.
8
The United Nations is already at work. On the question of
global warming
In the effort to prevent oil spills and other
disasters from fouling our seas and the air we breathe.
The United States will do its part. We've committed
ourselves to banning the release of all CFCs into the atmosphere
by the year 2000. We've introduced a comprehensive set of
amendments to our Clean Air Act that will have a far-reaching
impact on the quality of the environment in North America.
And we have begun to explore ways to work with other nations --
the major industrialized democracies, with Poland and in Hungary
-- to make common cause for the sake of our environment.
And we know that preserving the environment is an ongoing
effort. It demands long-term commitment -- and a great increase
in our understanding. [[That is why today, I want to announce an
environmental initiative called Mission to Planet Earth. By the
mid-1990s,
and its partners
major new
Gear (****1] the United States will encircle the earth with a
in polar orbit
satellite observation system -- (over the poles and in deep space
increase
of
-- that will provide a quantum leap in) our knowledge about global
a thousandfold.
environmental conditions. Knowledge that we must acquire -- and
We call on the nations of the world to join us in this singularly
put to use if we are to preserve this common legacy H
historic enterprise to preserve our common ***** heritage and future on this planet.
As always, questions of war and peace are of utmost concern
to the United Nations.
We must move forward to limit -- and eliminate -- weapons of
mass destruction.
Five years ago, I presented a U.S. draft
INSERT
PROVIDED TOBE
treaty outlawing chemical weapons at the UN Conference on]
9
Disarmament in Geneva. It's time we took the decisive steps
necessary to rid ourselves of this chemical threat. The world
has lived too long in the shadow of these truly terrible weapons
The key is a system of extensive on-site inspections -- a
INSERT
monitoring system that will convince all signatories of any
PROVIDED
disarmament treaty that no nation is concealing chemical weapons
or the means to manufacture them. Only then can all nations put
their confidence -- and trust their national security -- to such
a treaty.]
Open and innovative measures like these are what will move
disarmament forward -- and ease international tensions. That's
the idea behind the Open Skies proposal I made this past spring.
Any country willing to open its territory to regular surveillance
overflights -- like any country ready to accept on-site
inspections -- demonstrates that nations of peaceful intent have
nothing to hide.
And of course, the U.S. continues to negotiate with the
Soviet Union reductions in the level of all armaments --
conventional and nuclear. [POSSIBLE ARMS CONTROL INSERT]
We have not entered an era of perpetual peace. The threats
to peace that nations face may today be changing -- but they have
not vanished. In fact, in a number of regions around the world,
a dangerous combination is now emerging: Regimes armed with old
and unappeasable animosities -- and modern weapons of mass
destruction.
10
This development will raise the stakes whenever war breaks
out. Regional conflict may well threaten world peace as never
before.
The challenge of preserving peace is a personal one for all
of you here in this hall. [Mr. Secretary General, I know you
have made it your own.] The United Nations can be a mediator --
Insome
orit Can express the support of The world community for the processes of
Linese
forum where parties in conflict come in search of peaceful
conflicts
diplanacy.
(solutions)
we really dm't want
these diploms efforts must be
For the sake of peace, the UN must redouble the already
direct UN
(urgent redoubled. efforts now underway in the Middle East, in Southern)
role
Africa and Southeast Asia. Let the issue of peace in these
regions stand at the top of the UN agenda. [[Pause]
INSERT
Other, less conventional threats are no less dangerous to
(attached)
international peace and stability. Illegal drugs are a menace to
social order and a source of human misery wherever they gain a
foothold. The nations who suffer this scourge must join forces
in the fight. And we are. And let me salute the commitment and
extraordinary courage of one country in particular -- Colombia --
where the people and their President, Virgilio Barco, are working
with us to put the drug cartels out of business, and bring the
drug lords to justice.
Finally, we must join forces to combat the threat of
terrorism. Every nation -- and the United Nations -- must send
the outlaws of the world a clear message: Hostage taking and the
terror of random violence are methods that cannot win the world's
approval. Terrorism of any kind is repugnant to all values a
UNGA SPEECH: INSERT IN MIDDLE OF PAGE 10
In the Middle East, Israel's May 14 initiative on elections
leading to negotiations -- a proposal that the United
States wholeheartedly supports -- provides hope that the
cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can
give way to negotiations on a comprehensive peace settlement.
The United States, Egypt, and others are working hard to
translate this into reality. There has been progress.
Outstanding obstacles can be overcome through creativity,
statesmanship, and political will to make the elections
and negotiations initiative work.
There is also a promising Arab League effort underway to
bring peace and national reconciliation to Lebanon. This
effort, the best hope to end Lebanon's tragedy and restore
its sovereignty, deserves support from the UN and all
its members.
Let me also use this opportunity to say something about
Iran. We have no interest in perpetuating past hostilities.
We simply call upon Iran to act according to acceptable
international norms. The United States would welcome this
development and is prepared to deal with the Islamic
Republic of Iran on a basis of mutual respect and non-
interference
]
In Cambodia, there must be an end to war. The people of
Cambodia deserve to have a comprehensive settlement which,
through the leadership of Prince Sihanouk, gives them real
self-determination, security, peace, and prosperity.
UNGA SPEECH: INSERT ON PAGE 10 CONTINUED
In Africa, the United States is proud of the role it has
played in setting the stage for ending the conflict in
Angola and bringing independence to Namibia. And the
election of a new government in South Africa which has
pledged itself to move toward a genuinely integrated and
non-racial society is a most hopeful development.
11
civilized world holds in common. And make no mistake: Terrorism
is a means that no end -- no matter how just -- can sanctify.
(attached) Mentim INSERT UN X
Whatever the challenge, the trend towards freedom we now see
sweeping the world greatly raises the chances of our success.
concerns other
Freedom's moment is a time of hope for all the world. Because
freedom -- once set in motion -- takes on a momentum of its own.
As I said the day I assumed the Presidency: "We don't have
to talk late into the night about which form of government is
better. We know that free government democracy -- is best.
I believe that is the hard-won truth of our time -- the
unassailable fact that stands at the end of a century that has
known great struggle and human suffering.
And this is true not because all our differences must give
way to democracy -- but because democracy makes room for all our
differences.
At the very heart of the democratic ideal is respect -- for
freedom of belief, freedom of thought and action in all its
diversity. The world has experienced enough of the ideologies
that have promised to remake man in some new and better image.
We've seen the colossal tragedies and dashed hopes. We know now
that freedom and democracy hold the answers. What men and
nations want is the freedom to live by their own lights, and a
chance to prosper in peace.
UNGA SPEECH: INSERT ON PAGE 11
Much that matters to the American people -- indeed, to
all peoples -- can be achieved only if the family of
nations works together. The United Nations is the
preeminent international institution. It is uniquely
endowed with the collective capacity to address the
global agenda before us. Whether the issue is terrorism
in the skies or drugs on the streets, the United Nations
can reach across borders and find common bonds. I am
therefore committed to working closely with the United
Nations system -- be it the Security Council in pursuit
of peacekeeping, or the U.N.'s technical and specialized
agencies battling nuclear proliferation, hunger, refugee
tragedy, childhood disease and early death.
12
Democracy satisfies these universal desires. It is the one
way we can live amongst ourselves -- at peace with our neighbors,
at home with our differences. [Pause]
And it can begin here in the United Nations. I remember
sitting in this hall. I remember the mutual respect among all of
us proudly serving as representatives. I remember the almost
endless speeches, Security Council sessions. The receptions and
receiving lines. The formal meetings of this Assembly -- and the
informal discussions in the delegates' lounge.
And I remember something more -- something beyond the
frantic pace and sometimes frustrating experiences of daily life
here: the heartbeat of the United Nations -- the quiet
conviction that most if not all of us truly wanted to help make
the world more peaceful. More free.
Today, the world of freedom we sought then lies within
reach. I ask each of you here in this hall: can we not bring a
unity of purpose to the United Nations? Can we not make this new
world of freedom the common destiny we seek?
I believe we can. I know we must. [[Pause]]
My solemn wish today is that here -- among the United
Nations -- that spirit will take hold, and that all men and all
nations will make freedom's moment their own.
Thank you, God bless you, and may God bless the work of the
United Nations.
# # #
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
September 21, 1989
NOTE FOR JIM CICCONI
Attached are additional
comments on the remarks
and toast for UNGA.
Peter Rodman is available
to answer any questions,
if they should arise
CC:
Chriss Winsto
p 2 : 6 v 22 PEP 68
Pune edits
8:00 pm 9/21
McGroarty/Dooley
September 20, 1989
09 CEP20 P6:
6:00 pm
[UN]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS
NEW YORK CITY
SEPTEMBER 25, 1989
11:00 AM
Mr. President, Mr. Secretary-General, distinguished
delegates of the United Nations: I am honored to speak to you
today as you open the 44th Session of the General Assembly.
And I feel a great personal pleasure as well. This is a
homecoming for me. The memories of my time here are still with
me today -- the human moments -- the humorous moments -- that are
part of even the highest undertaking.
Let me share one story -- from one of the many sessions of
the Security Council. I was 45 minutes late getting to the
meeting -- 45 minutes filled by the first speaker to take the
floor. When I walked in and took my seat, the speaker paused and
said with great courtesy: "I welcome the Permanent
Representative of the United States, and now -- for his benefit -
- I will start my speech again -- from the beginning. [[Pause]
At that moment, differences of alliance and ideology didn't
matter. The universal groan that went up around the table --
from every member present -- and the laughter that followed --
united us all. [[Pause]]
[Today, I would like to begin by recognizing the seven
delegates who served with me 18 years ago -- and who still serve
&
2
today. Mr. Secretary General. Undersecretary General Abdulrahim
Abby Farah. Ambassadors Roberto Martinez-Ordonez. Manglyn
Dugersuren. Blaise Rabetaflika. Zenon Rossides. John Dube.
It's an honor to be back with you in this historic hall.
All of us here today know first-hand the dedication -- the
sincere desire for peace -- inspired by the high, humane
principles enshrined in the UN Charter.
The United Nations was established forty-four years ago upon
the ashes of war -- amidst great hopes. And the United Nations
can do great things. No, the UN isn't perfect. It's not a
panacea for the world's problems. But it is -- and must remain -
- a vital forum where the nations of the world seek to replace
conflict with consensus.
And the UN is moving closer to that ideal. In recent years
-- certainly since my time here -- the war of words that has
often echoed in this chamber is giving way to a new mood. We've
Beyond
a new
Polemics"
seen a shift -- from polemics to peacekeeping. The result: the
opportunity for
to come into its onn
^
@liergence об the United Nations ^ as a force for peace.
positivest-
value
and
(IN
The world has recognized the real valor of the peacekeeping
frends West The relations in
forces the valor that brought them the Nobel Prize for Peace
have Mospects
one year ago. They are on duty at this very moment: in South
the UN
Asia and in Africa, in the Middle East and the Mediterranean.
Over the years, more than 700 Peacekeepers have given their
lives in service to the United Nations. Today, I want to
remember one of these soldiers of peace. An American -- on a
mission of peace under the UN flag -- on a mission for all the
Some
broader
A generation after decolonization, we are entering a neweva of
historical
maturity and infirdependence. Ideologies are discredited. Practical
perspective
corporation becomes Re imperative. Basic humane values are
proving their universality.
3
world. A man of unquestioned bravery and unswerving dedication
to the UN ideal: Lt. Col. William Richard Higgins. [[Pause]]
I call on the General Assembly to condemn the murder of this
soldier of peace -- and to call on those responsible to return
his remains to his. family. And let us all right now -- right
Auseful
Aistorical
here -- rededicate ourselves and our nations to the cause that
purpective=
Colonel Higgins served so selflessly.
to trends Eurnpr avalogy
The founders of this historic institution believed that it
was here at the UN that the nations of the world might come to
M
find common ground. And the United Nations can play a key role
in the central development of our time. For today, there is an
idea at work around the globe -- an idea of undeniable force.
That idea is: Freedom.
The advance of freedom is evident everywhere. In Central
Europe: In Hungary -- where state and society are now in the
midst of a movement towards political pluralism and a free market
economy. Where the barrier that once enforced an unnatural
division between Hungary and its neighbors to the West has been
torn down -- replaced by new hope for the future. New hope in
freedom.
Because where there is hope of freedom at home -- no one
must flee to find it elsewhere.
We see the trend toward freedom at work in Poland -- where,
for the first time in the history of communist rule, the Party
has relinquished its monopoly on power, in deference to the will
Weliveina world of sweeping change. Historic developments are taking
place in Eurpe-- economic integration, East-West reconcilition arms reduction,
resurgence of the idea of democracy. It is a pewerful example of the
recognition of human interdepudonce, grounded in freedom.
developing The principles of Tustice, the yearning for freedom and peace, thilaws of economics
But the same forces are at work today m every continent, developed and
No between North forth East + West
4
of the people. And in the Soviet Union -- where the world hears
the voices of people no longer afraid to speak out, to assert the
right to rule themselves.
Hasn't
gains are
But freedom's rise is) not confined to a single continent --
won
yet
or to the developed world alone. In Latin America, one by one,
dictatorships are giving way to democracy. This year alone,
Check
fourteen free elections will be held across Latin America --
this
proof that the day of the dictator is over.
Freedom is alive on the continent of Africa -- where more
and more nations see in the system of free enterprise salvation
for economies crippled by excessive state control.
East and West -- North and South: on every continent, we
can see a new world of freedom on the horizon.
Of course, freedom's work remains unfinished. The trend we
see underway in the world is not yet universal. Some regimes
stand against the tide. Some rulers will deny -- if they can --
the power of people to govern themselves. But never before have
these regimes stood so isolated and alone -- so out of step with
the steady advance of freedom. Never before have the forces of
prejudice and sheer power faced such a challenge.
The world in this century has seen great change. Two world
wars. The dissolution of the colonial system -- and the birth of
dozens of new nations. And a battle in the war of ideas as well
-- between the ideologies of right and left. One of these
ideologies -- fascism -- defeated almost a half century ago, is
today universally despised. The other -- communism -- has, for
5
most of this century, captivated the minds of some of the world's
most powerful rulers -- and enslaved tens of millions of men and
women around the globe.
Today, that grip is loosening each passing day. We are
witnessing the collapse of communist ideology -- the demise of
the totalitarian idea of the all-powerful State.
There are many reasons for this collapse. But in the end,
one fact alone explains what we see today: Its advocates saw the
triumph of the totalitarian ideal written in the laws of history.
They failed to see the love of freedom written in the human
heart.
From where we stand -- on the threshold of the final decade
of this century -- the trend is clear enough. If, for those who
write the history of our times, the 20th century is remembered as
the century of the State -- the 21st must be an era of
emancipation -- the age of the Individual. A day when freedom is
seen the world over to be the universal birthright of every man
and woman -- of every race and walk of life.
Make no mistake: Nothing can stand in the way of this
advance. Even under the worst of circumstances, at the darkest
of times, freedom has always remained alive -- a distant dream,
perhaps, but always alive.
Today, that dream is no longer distant. Today is freedom'
moment. For the first time, for millions around the world -- a
new world of freedom is within reach.
6
Overstated
Today, the possibility exists for the creation of a true
living in peace,
community of nations (built on shared interests and ideals) A
true community -- not one dominated by a single nation. A world
where free government and free markets meet the rising desire we
see all around us for people to control their own destiny.
[[Pause]]
It is time we worked together to deliver that destiny into
the hands of men and women everywhere.
Our challenge is to strengthen the foundations of freedom --
and encourage its advance. Today, I want to speak to this
distinguished assembly about the urgent challenges we face:
ensuring -- on a global scale -- economic health, environmental
well-being, and answering the great questions of war and peace.
First, global economic growth. During this decade, a number
of developing fiation have moved into the ranks of the world's
Taiwan,
Hengkong
most advanced economies -- all of them -- each and every one -
#
"nations"
- powered by the engine of free enterprise.
In the decade ahead, others can follow their lead. But --
for many nations -- barriers stand in the way. In the case of
some countries, these are obstacles of their own making:
excessive tariffs and other restrictions on trade. We and our
partners in the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs are
working now to complete the Uruguay Round. By year's end, we
hope to have consensus on a system that promotes open, free and
"the
harnesses the power of commerce as the
Ther of
fair trade -- a system that works to the benefit of all)
commerce"
engine of growth
The United States imports moregoods from the develoing world
wants)
-
billions of dollars more than either Westirn Europe or Japan. Last year
those imports were 29 percent of the value of allour imports
more than dovble the proportion of that of our industrial producting
competitors. Itis Time that all the
district strave in helpingtheductor
7
But other barriers to growth exist, and those too require
effective action. Too many developing countries struggle today
under a burden of debt that makes growth all but impossible. The
developing nations of the world deserve the opportunity to build
better lives for their people, to achieve a measure of control
over their own economic fates.
The approach the U.S. has put forward -- the Brady plan --
will help these nations cope with debt -- and create conditions
for the free market reforms that will fuel growth.
In just two days I will be speaking to the International
Monetary Fund. I'll discuss there in more detail the next steps
the U.S. and other developed nations can take in dealing with the
debt problem. But I can say now: the new world of freedom is
not a world where a few nations live in comfort, while others
live in want.
I believe we 11 learn in the century ahead that the nations
of the world have barely begun to tap their true potential for
development. The free market and its fruits are not the special
preserve of a few. They belong equally to all.
Beyond the challenge of global growth lies another issue of
global magnitude: the environment. No line drawn on a map can
stop the advance of pollution. Threats to our environment have
become an international problem. We must develop an
international approach to current environmental issues -- one
that seeks common solutions to common problems.
8
The United Nations is already at work. On the question of
global warming
In the effort to prevent oil spills and other
disasters from fouling our seas and the air we breathe.
The United States will do its part. We've committed
ourselves to banning the release of all CFCs into the atmosphere
by the year 2000. We've introduced a comprehensive set of
amendments to our Clean Air Act that will have a far-reaching
impact on the quality of the environment in North America.
And we have begun to explore ways to work with other nations --
the major industrialized democracies, with Poland and in Hungary
-- to make common cause for the sake of our environment.
And we know that preserving the environment is an ongoing
effort. It demands long-term commitment -- and a great increase
in our understanding. [[That is why today, I want to announce an
(NSC
environmental initiative called Mission to Planet Earth. By the
year {xxxx}, the United States will encircle the earth with a
fixes)
satellite observation system -- over the poles and in deep space
-- that will provide a quantum leap in our knowledge about global
environmental conditions. Knowledge that we must acquire -- and
put to use -- if we are to preserve this common legacy. 11
As always, questions of war and peace are of utmost concern
to the United Nations.
We must move forward to limit -- and eliminate -- weapons of
mass destruction. Five years ago, I presented a U.S. draft
(NSC
fixes)
treaty outlawing chemical weapons at the UN Conference on
9
Disarmament in Geneva. It's time we took the decisive steps
necessary to rid ourselves of this chemical threat. The world
has lived too long in the shadow of these truly terrible weapons.
The key is a system of extensive on-site inspections -- a
monitoring system that will convince all signatories of any
disarmament treaty that no nation is concealing chemical weapons
or the means to manufacture them. Only then can all nations put
their confidence -- and trust their national security -- to such
a treaty.
Open and innovative measures like these are what will move
INSERT
disarmament forward -- and ease international tensions. That's
SUBSTITUTE
the idea behind the Open Skies proposal I made this past spring
Cattached)
Any country willing to open its territory to regular surveillance
overflights - like any country ready to accept on-site
inspections -- demonstrates that nations of peaceful intent have
nothing to hide.
And of course, the U.S. continues to negotiate with the
Soviet Union reductions in the level of all armaments --
conventional and nuclear. [POSSIBLE ARMS CONTROL INSERT]
We have not entered an era of perpetual peace. The threats
to peace that nations face may today be changing -- but they have
not vanished. In fact, in a number of regions around the world,
a dangerous combination is now emerging: Regimes armed with old
and unappeasable animosities -- and modern weapons of mass
destruction.
NSC INSERT:
NEW "OPEN SKIES" INITIATIVE
New para in middle of page 9
"Open and innovative measures like these are what will move
disarmament forward -- and ease international tensions. That's
the idea behind the Open Skies proposal I made this past spring.
This would open airspace, on a reciprocal basis, to frequent
unarmed surveillance flights by aircraft from the other side of
the East-West divide. At this stage, all member states of the
North Atlantic Alliance and the Warsaw Pact would be welcome to
participate. We would consider broader participation once we see
that the regime has been launched successfully.
I wish to tell you today that, in elaborating this initiative,
the United States has decided that it is prepared to open its
airspace to such "Open Skies" observation flights without any
restrictions, except for flight safety, on the area or altitude
where such airplanes can fly. In other words, we are willing to
follow through with a real commitment to openness; and we hope
that the Soviet Union, and its allies, will do the same.
Such an Open Skies regime could transform the closed societies of
the East bloc and offer a better mutual understanding of military
installations and activities. Open Skies aircraft offer a
flexibility and breadth of coverage that satellites cannot match,
as well as the potential for overcoming obstacles such as cloud
cover, while adding to nations' ability to verify compliance with
the kind of far-reaching arms control agreements that we
support.'
10
This development will raise the stakes whenever war breaks
out. Regional conflict may well threaten world peace as never
before. than $170 billion on weapons. / people's
Developing nations themselves tragically Spent, in 1987-more
Could add:
The challenge of preserving peace is a personal one for all
(Gates
of you here in this hall. [Mr. Secretary General, I know you
asked
have made it your own.] The United Nations can be a mediator --
for)
a forum where parties in conflict come in search of peaceful
solutions.
For the sake of peace, the UN must redouble the already
urgent efforts now underway in the Middle East, in Southern
Africa and Southeast Asia. Let the issue of peace in these
regions stand at the top of the UN agenda. [[Pause]
Other, less conventional threats are no less dangerous to
international peace and stability. Illegal drugs are a menace to
social order and a source of human misery wherever they gain a
foothold. The nations who suffer this scourge must join forces
in the fight. And we are. And let me salute the commitment and
extraordinary courage of one country in particular -- Colombia --
where the people and their President, Virgilio Barco, are working
with us to put the drug cartels out of business, and bring the
drug lords to justice.
Finally, we must join forces to combat the threat of
terrorism. Every nation -- and the United Nations -- must send
the outlaws of the world a clear message: Hostage taking and the
terror of random violence are methods that cannot win the world's
approval. Terrorism of any kind is repugnant to all values a
11
civilized world holds in common. And make no mistake: Terrorism
is a means that no end -- no matter how just -- can sanctify.
Whatever the challenge, the trend towards freedom we now see
sweeping the world greatly raises the chances of our success.
Freedom's moment is a time of hope for all the world. Because
freedom -- once set in motion -- takes on a momentum of its own.
As I said the day I assumed the Presidency: "We don't have
to talk late into the night about which form of government is
better.' We know that free government -- democracy -- is best.
I believe that is the hard-won truth of our time -- the
unassailable fact that stands at the end of a century that has
known great struggle and human suffering.
And this is true not because all our differences must give
way to democracy -- but because democracy makes room for all our
differences.
At the very heart of the democratic ideal is respect -- for
freedom of belief, freedom of thought and action in all its
diversity. The world has experienced enough of the ideologies
that have promised to remake man in some new and better image.
We ve seen the colossal tragedies and dashed hopes. We know now
that freedom and democracy hold the answers. What men and
nations want is the freedom to live by their own lights, and a
chance to prosper in peace.
12
Democracy satisfies these universal desires. It is the one
way we can live amongst ourselves -- at peace with our neighbors,
at home with our differences. [[Pause]]
And it can begin here in the United Nations. I remember
sitting in this hall. I remember the mutual respect among all of
us proudly serving as representatives. I remember the almost
endless speeches, Security Council sessions. The receptions and
receiving lines. The formal meetings of this Assembly -- and the
informal discussions in the delegates' lounge.
And I remember something more -- something beyond the
frantic pace and sometimes frustrating experiences of daily life
here: the heartbeat of the United Nations -- the quiet
conviction that most if not all of us truly wanted to help make
the world more peaceful. More free.
Today, the world of freedom we sought then lies within
reach. I ask each of you here in this hall: can we not bring a
unity of purpose to the United Nations? Can we not make this new
world of freedom the common destiny we seek?
I believe we can. I know we must. [[Pause]]
My solemn wish today is that here -- among the United
Nations -- that spirit will take hold, and that all men and all
nations will make freedom's moment their own.
Thank you, God bless you, and may God bless the work of the
United Nations.
# # #
73774
NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ON
HONORARY CHAIRMAN
Decade of
Gerald R. Ford
Disabled
DIRECTORS
Joseph D. Mathewson, Chairman
President and CEO
DISABILITY
Persons
Mid America National Bank of Chicago
A private, non-profit organization
James S. Brady, Vice Chairman
Former White House Press Secretary
Alan A. Reich, President
910 Sixteenth Street, NW
Suite 600
Washington, DC 20006
Philip E. Beekman
Chairman and CEO, Hook-SupeRx, Inc.
(202) 293-5960)
TDD (202) 293-5968
FAX (202) 293-7999
Henry B. Betta, M.D.
Medical Director and CEO
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Richard Bishop, Esq.
Niles, Barton, & Wilmer
Bertram S. Brown, M.D.
Forensic Medical Advisory Service
Michael N. Castle
Governor of Delaware
William E. Caste
Director
National Technical Institute
for the Deaf
Colby Chandler
Chairman and CEO
Eastman Kodak Company
John J. Coady
Retired Group President, Mars, Inc.
September 16, 1989
Douglas D. Danforth
Retired Chairman
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Richard M. DeVos
NOD Founding Chairman
President, AMWAY Corporation
Stephen L Feinberg
Chairman and CEO
Dorsar Industries, Inc.
George Gallup, Jr.
BY MESSENGER
President
The Gallup Organization, Inc.
Mrs. Winthrop Gardiner
Founder, The Wakeman Award
The Honorable George Bush
Arthur 1 Holland
The President of the United States
Mayor, Trenton, NJ
President, U.S. Conference of Mayors
The White House
William R. Howell
Chairman and CEO
Washington, D.C. 20500
J.C. Penney Co., Inc.
Mercedese M. Miller
President
Dear Mr. President:
SERD/BTS, Inc.
Mary Jane Owen
Director, Disability Focus
Itzhak Periman
Recognizing that you will be addressing the United
Robert C. Pew
Chairman and CEO
Nations General Assembly on September 25, I am taking the
Steelcase, Inc.
Joel D. Robinson
liberty of suggesting a brief inclusion in your speech, an
COO, A.A.F.P., Inc.
Michael T. Rose
inclusion which I have discussed with Ambassador Pickering.
President
Michael T. Rose Companies
Harold Russell
The brief attached comment that I am suggesting would
Chairman, President's Committee on
(1) advance the goals of the U.N. Decade of Disabled
Employment of People with Disabilities
Patrick G. Rvan
Persons (1983-1992), affecting a half billion disabled
President and CEO
AON Corporation
people worldwide, (2) inspire other nations to become more
Raymond Philip Shafer
Former Governor of Pennsylvania
active, and (3) extend your current commitment to the
Counselor, Dunaway & Cross
Americans with Disabilities Act.
Otto A. Silha
Retired Chairman, Cowies Media Co.
President, Silha Associates
Judge Leonard Staisey
Respectfully,
Reverend Harold Wilke
Director, The Healing Community
Joseph D. Williams
Chairman and CEO
alan a.
Raich
Warner-Lambert Company
Sir John Wilson, C.B.E.
President, International Agency
Alan A. Reich
for the Prevention of Blindness
Raul Yzaguirre
President
President
National Council of La Raza
Edward Kennedy, Jr.
Special Ambassador for the
Decade of Disabled Persons
Attachment
CONGRESSIONAL SPONSORS
Sen. William Armstrong, CO
Sen. Alan Cranston, CA
Sen. Robert Dole, KS
Sen. David Durenburger, MN
Sen. Tom Harkin, IA
Sen. Mark Hatfield, OR
Sen. Daniel Incuye, HI
Sen. Edward Kennedy, MA
Sen. Paul Simon, IL
Rep. Julian Dixon, CA
Rep. Bill Frenzel, MN
Rep. Austin Murphy, PA
Rep. AI Swift, WA
Rep. Henry Waxman, CA
Rep. Gus Yatron, PA
Expand the participation of disabled citizens and all of America gains. Isn't it time to get involved?
Attachment
Suggested Brief Language for Inclusion
in UNGA Address by President Bush, 9/25/89
"As the members of this organization know, the period
1983-1992 was proclaimed the United Nations Decade of
Disabled Persons. NI am pleased to report today that our
nation has undertaken a significant new initiative to expand
the participation of 37 million American men, women and
children with disabilities. This month, the United States
Senate overwhelmingly passed civil rights legislation toward
this goal -- the Americans with Disabilities Act.
I urge all nations to support the proposed 1992
ministerial-level U.N. conference on disability. I also
recommend that the United Nations proclaim a second U.N.
Decade of Disabled Persons, starting in 1993, to continue the
momentum worldwide. A half billion people stand to gain.
They want to contribute more to their societies. A forceful,
realistic U.N. disability commitment will help release this
enormous human potential for the good of all mankind."
copy - Chins
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
good pounts
August 8, 1989
by gun M
MEMORANDUM FOR DAVID DEMAREST
FROM:
Jim Cicconi in
SUBJECT:
Themes for the President's Speech to the
United Nations General Assembly
Attached is an NSC paper which may be helpful in planning for the
President's September speech to the UN General Assembly.
The paper has been reviewed by Brent, and reflects (broadly speaking)
his conversations with the President. A few thoughts, though, which
I've discussed with Bob Gates and which may be of help:
1. It is hard to recall a memorable UN speech by a President. Part
of the reason, I feel, is that the bureaucracy insists on loading up
the speech with every foreign policy subject on the UN agenda. This
tends to make the speech more a disjointed laundry list of statements
than something with a theme.
2. The attached paper has a number of good ideas, but needs to be
more closely connected. The theme of "free politics, free markets"
is one we laid out at Leyden, and which could easily be developed
beyond the European framework. If we apply that theme to the rest
of the world, especially the Third World, the speech could have a
good deal of resonance.
3. Thus, my suggestion is to build upon the Leyden speech, expanding
application of its theme. This is an opportunity to once again
position America as standing for certain immutable principles
throughout the world-- always our greatest strength on the global
stage.
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
5676 Add-on
1989 AUG - 7 AN 10:
August 7, 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR JAMES W. CICCONI
FROM:
G. PHILIP HUGHES
Pulip
SUBJECT:
Themes for the President's United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA) Speech
Attached for the use of the President's speechwriters are some
suggested themes for the President's address to the United
Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in September. They reflect NSC
ideas, some of which have been discussed with the President.
The objective is to project a vision of Third World trends that
is as sophisticated and path-breaking as the President's major
speeches on European and East-West relations. The speech needs
to acknowledge the importance of the developing world to the
international system and to sketch the powerful forces of change
that are at work in the developing world just as in the
industrialized world. In this framework the President can
expound U.S. policy on a variety of global political, economic,
and security issues.
Attachment
Tab A
Suggested Themes for the President's
UNGA Speech in September
NSC Draft: 8/4
Themes for UNGA Speech
--
We live in a world of sweeping political and economic
change. Historic developments are taking place in Europe --
economic integration, East-West reconciliation, arms
reduction, resurgence of the idea of democracy. It is a
powerful example of the recognition of interdependence,
grounded in freedom.
But the same forces at work today are affecting every
continent, developed and developing.
The principles of justice, the yearning for freedom and
peace, the laws of economics do not discriminate. We see
now, clearer than ever, that they apply equally to all --
North and South, East and West.
In the political dimension, we see the spread of democracy
and the growing challenges to dictatorship, whether in
Eastern Europe or China or South Africa or Central America.
(Day of the dictator is over.) A tragic century and a half
of the cruel experiment of totalitarianism may be coming to
an end.
-
Pluralist democracy, under law, is what people want.
2
-
It's the best system for solving problems and for
ensuring human rights. (Cite Universal Declaration of
Human Rights.)
-
Successful examples: from the Philippines and Republic
of Korea to Latin America (hope even in Chile)
Elections show the people's will -- now even recognized
(to a degree) in Eastern Europe.
-
Setbacks only temporary; the tide cannot be reversed.
In the economic dimension, we see the utter discrediting of
Marxism and State socialism around the world and the growing
rediscovery of economic freedom.
I
The Information Revolution breaks down both economic
and political barriers.
-
We see the power of commerce -- the vital global
trading system that we must protect against
protectionism. The Uruguay Round. The U.S. imports
more goods from the Third World -- billions of dollars
more -- than either Western Europe or Japan. And last
year those imports from the Third World were 29% of the
3
value of all our imports, as compared to 13% of those
of all our industrial competitors.
-
We see the genius of the market in nurturing
production, innovation, distribution, and social
progress.
-
In the last analysis, what countries want is a fair
chance to earn their way. Brady Plan on debt will
help. U.S. will fight to keep markets open (EC).
--
In the security dimension, the historic easing of East-West
tensions has its benefit (and reflection) in the easing of
some conflicts in regions of the developing world and in
prospects for future cooperation.
-
U.N. peacekeeping also becomes a more effective tool as
big-power conflicts ease. Also, ICJ will be
strengthened by U.S. initiative
--
As the world becomes more secure against the traditional
dangers, we see a new dimension of unconventional dangers
demanding global cooperation. Developing world must take
part.
4
-
The global environment is the developing world's
patrimony as well.
-
Drugs menace the political as well as physical health
of all nations (not just industrial countries)
-
Refugee needs, relief of victims of natural and man-
made disasters call for cooperation (International
Conference on Indochina Refugees, Armenia earthquake
cooperation) .
Other serious problems, too:
-
Proliferation of high-tech weaponry (CW, ballistic
missiles, as well as nuclear) . Libya; others in
Mideast.
-
State-sponsored terrorism (Pan Am 103) ; evil of
hostage-taking.
-
Unresolved regional conflicts where forces of tyranny
haven't yet given way (Nicaragua), or where dangerous
conflicts fester (Arab-Israeli) ; U.S. actively seeks
diplomatic solutions.
-
Trade protectionism could endanger growth.
5
-
Excessive resources spent by developing nations on
weapons rather than their people's needs. In 1987,
this amounted to over $170 billion.
--
Broad conclusion: Overall, more than a generation after
decolonization, we are entering a new era of maturity and
interdependence. Ideologies are discredited; practical
cooperation becomes the imperative; basic humane values
prove their universality.
-
Could make unprecedented progress toward a world as
envisioned by the U.N. Charter -- of order under law.
for JN
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
9/18
DATE:
file
NOTE FOR:
CHRISS WINSTON
DAN MCGROARTY
The President has reviewed the attached, and it is forwarded to
you for your:
information
action
Thank you.
James W. Cicconi
Assistant to the President
and Deputy to the Chief of Staff
(x-2702)
cc:
18 :2d 81 PEP 68
THE WHITE HOUSE
DM-Chring
below
WASHINGTON
See
September 15, 1989
and
INFORMATION
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
and
THROUGH: CHRISS WINSTON cw
FROM:
DANIEL McGROARTY Ph.4
SUBJECT: UN SPEECH -- PERSONAL REMINISCENCES
As the first former UN Ambassador to address the General
Assembly as President, your reminiscences of your days in the UN
offer a unique opportunity in your upcoming UN speech.
Brief mention of your recollections at the beginning of your
speech would lend a personal tone -- and at the same time
establish that you speak as one who knows the UN from the inside.
We would appreciate whatever recollections you could provide
regarding your thoughts as you sat in the General Assembly at the
opening of the 26th Session 18 years ago, your impressions as a
new Ambassador on the responsibilities of your assignment, on the
opportunities or potential of the UN, etc.
You may be interested to know that eight of the current UN
ambassadors served in the same capacity during your
ambassadorship in 1971-1973.
1. Be sure we get the proper formal salutation in the very beginning.
Jospeh Reed can help or UN protocol
But we must properly salute
teh Sec. general and the Pres. of the General Assembly.
Might mention the names of the perm reps who were there when I was.
also the fact that so many perm reps go on to leasd their countries.
Excuse the persoanl reminiscing but this in a sense is like coming home. "
As in one's school days one makes fast friends here- friendships that
cut across political boundaires:
"Under our able Sec General the uN is widely recognized as having
a renewed role in the import area of Peacekeepuing. I salute
the efforts of our able Sec General. IIII 9check this with Brent)
Find a subtle way to tease , not ridicule, the length of the speeches
Possible
I'l Inever forget one meeting of the Security Council. I was US Perm Rep. I was
45 minutes late gettign to the meeting. One speaker had been going
on and on for the full 45 minutes. He saw me walk in and take
the uS seat at the table. He stopped his remarks and said" Oh I am
so glad trh3e Us Perm Rep. could join US. And now for his benefit I
will start over. The graon that went up from the room. tansceneded
idealogical lines, historic alliances, regional differences
The whole place groaned in unison and the laughtrer broke out
I wil ltry not to compete with his record breaking oratory ""etc etc
Possible- Im not hooked on it.
Friendships are formed here; Genuine Understanding is Enhanced
Here; a Genuine sense of service prevails here- from the security
people, the people who weork in the Delegates Lounge, those who work in the
dining room, run the elevators, there is a UN spirit a spirit of
fraternity and that is good.
81 212 812296 60
n NY
002
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(New York, New York)
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE
UNTIL 11:45 A.M. EDT
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1989
ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO THE 44TH SESSION
OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
United Nations Headquarters
New York, New York
September 25, 1989
Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, distinguished delegates of
the United Nations: I am honored to speak to you today as you
open the 44th Session of the General Assembly.
I would like to congratulate Joseph Garba of Nigeria -- a
distinguished diplomat -- on his election as President of this
session of the General Assembly, and I wish him success in his
Presidency.
I feel a great personal pleasure on this occasion. This is a
homecoming for me. The memories of my time here in 1971 and 1972
are still with me today -- the human moments -- the humorous
moments -- that are part of even the highest undertaking.
Let me share one story from one of the many sessions of the
Security Council. I was 45 minutes late getting to the meeting
-- and all 45 minutes were filled by the first speaker to take
the floor. When I walked in and took my seat, the speaker paused
and said with great courtesy: "I welcome the Permanent
Representative of the United States, and now -- for his benefit
-- I will start my speech again -- from the beginning." At that
moment, differences of alliance and ideology didn't matter. The
universal groan that went up around the table -- from every
member present -- and the laughter that followed -- united us
all.
Today, I would like to begin by recognizing the current permanent
representatives with whom I served. Roberto Martinez-Ordonez.
Blaise Rabetafika. Permanent Observer John Dube.
it's wonderful to look around and see so many familiar faces --
foreign ministers, members of the Secretariat, delegates. And of
:ourse Mr. Secretary General -- you were Permanent Representative
or your country when we served together and Under Secretary Abby
'arah -- you were a Permanent Representative back then, too.
t's an honor to be back with you in this historic hall.
he United Nations was established 44 years ago upon the ashes of
ar -- and amidst great hopes. And the United Nations can do
reat things. No, the UN isn't perfect. It's not a panacea for
he world's problems. But it is a vital forum where the nations
E the world seek to replace conflict with consensus -- and it
1st remain a forum for peace.
- -
- 2 -
The UN is moving closer to that ideal. And it has the support of
the United States of America. In recent years -- certainly since
my time here -- the war of words that has often echoed in this
chamber is giving way to a new mood. We've seen a welcome shift
-- from polemics to peacekeeping.
UN Peacekeeping forces are on duty right now -- and over the
years, more than 700 Peacekeepers have given their lives in
service to the United Nations. Today, I want to remember one of
these soldiers of peace. An American -- on a mission of peace
under the UN flag -- on a mission for all the world. A man of
unquestioned bravery and unswerving dedication to the UN ideal:
Lt. Col. William Richard Higgins.
I call on the General Assembly to condemn the murder of this
soldier of peace -- and call on those responsible to return his
remains to his family. And let us all right now -- right here --
rededicate ourselves and our nations to the cause that Colonel
Higgins served so selflessly.
The founders of this historic institution believed that it was
here that the nations of the world might come to agree that law
-- not force -- shall govern. And the United Nations can play a
fundamental role in the central issue of our time. For today,
there is an idea at work around the globe -- an idea of
undeniable force. That idea is: Freedom.
Freedom's advance is evident everywhere. In Central Europe: In
Hungary -- where state and society are now in the midst of a
movement towards political pluralism and a free market economy.
Where the barrier that once enforced an unnatural division
between Hungary and its neighbors to the West has been torn down
-- replaced by a new hope for the future -- new hope in freedom.
We see freedom at work in Poland -- where, in deference to the
will of the people, the Communist Party has relinquished its
monopoly on power. And in the Soviet Union -- where the world
hears the voices of people no longer afraid to speak out, or to
assert the right to rule themselves.
But freedom's march is not confined to a single continent -- or
to the developed world alone.
We see the rise of freedom in Latin America -- where, one by one,
dictatorships are giving way to democracy.
We see it on the continent of Africa -- where more and more
nations see in the system of free enterprise, salvation for
economies crippled by excessive state control.
East and West -- North and South: on every continent, on every
horizon, we can see the outlines of a new world of freedom.
Of course, freedom's works remains unfinished. The trend we see
is not yet universal. regimes still stand against the tide.
Some rulers still deny tir, right of the people to govern
themselves. But now, the spower of prejudice and despotism is
challenged. Never before have these regimes stood so isolated
and alone -- so out of step with the steady advance of freedom.
Today, we are witnessing an ideological collapse -- the demise of
the totalitarian idea of the omniscient, all-powerful State.
Me more -
- 3 -
There are many reasons for this collapse. But in the end, one
fact alone explains what we see today: Advocates of the
totalitarian idea saw its triumph written in the laws of history.
They failed to see the love of freedom written in the human
heart.
Two hundred years ago today, the United States Congress proposed
the Bill of Rights -- fundamental freedoms belonging to every
individual. Rights no government can deny. Those same rights
have been recognized in this congress of nations -- in the words
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "a common standard
of achievement for all peoples and all nations."
From where we stand -- on the threshold of this new world of
freedom -- the trend is clear enough. If, for those who write
the history of our times, the 20th century is remembered as the
century of the State -- the 21st must be an era of emancipation
-- the age of the Individual.
Make no mistake: Nothing can stand in the way of freedom's
march. There will come a day when freedom is seen the world over
to be the universal birthright of every man and woman -- of every
race and walk of life. Even under the worst of circumstances, at
the darkest of times, freedom has always remained alive -- a
distant dream, perhaps, but always alive.
Today, that dream is no longer distant. For the first time, for
millions around the world -- a new world of freedom is within
reach. Today -- is freedom's moment.
You see, the possibility now exists for the creation of a true
community of nations -- built on shared interests and ideals. A
true community -- a world where free governments and free markets
meet the rising desire of the people to control their own
destiny: to live in dignity, and to exercise freely their
fundamental human rights.
It is time we worked together to deliver that destiny into the
hands of men and women everywhere.
Our challenge is to strengthen the foundations of freedom --
encourage its advance, and face our most urgent challenges. The
global challenges of the 21st Century: economic health,
environmental well-being, and the great questions of war and
peace.
First, global economic growth. During this decade, a number of
developing nations have moved into the ranks of the world's most
advanced economies -- all of them -- each and every one
-- powered by the engine of free enterprise.
In the decade ahead, others can join their ranks. But -- for
many nations -- barriers stand in the way. In the case of some
countries, these are obstacles of their own making: unneaued
restrictions and regulations that act as dead weights on their
own economies and obstacles to foreign trade.
other barriers to growth exist, and those too require
effective But action. Too many developing countries struggle today
under a of the world deserve a better opportunity and to build a
burden of debt that makes growth all but impossible. achieve The
measure nations of control over their own economic fate, better
lives for their own people.
the U.S. has put forward -- the Brady Plan time -- will
encourage help the free market reforms that will
The approach these nations reduce that debt -- and at fuel the growth. same
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- 4 -
In just two days I will be speaking to the International Monetary
Fund and World Bank. I'll discuss there in more detail steps our
nations can take in dealing with the debt problem. But I can say
now: The new world of freedom is not a world where a few nations
live in comfort, while others live in want.
The power of commerce is a force for progress. Open markets are
the key to continued growth in the developing world. Today, the
United States buys over one-half of the manufactured exports that
all the developing nations combined sell to the industrialized
world. It's time for the other advanced economies to follow suit
-- to create expanded opportunities for trade.
I believe we'll learn in the century ahead that many nations of
the world have barely begun to tap their true potential for
development. The free market and its fruits are not the special
preserve of a few. They are a harvest everyone can share.
Beyond the challenge of global growth lies another issue of
global magnitude: the environment. No line drawn on a map can
stop the advance of pollution. Threats to our environment have
become an international problem. We must develop an
international approach to urgent environmental issues -- one that
seeks common solutions to common problems.
The United Nations is already at work. On the question of global
warming. In the effort to prevent oil spills and other disasters
from fouling our seas and the air we breathe.
And I will tell you now: The United States will do its part.
We've committed ourselves to the world-wide phase-out of all
chloroflourocarbons by the year 2000. We've proposed amending
our Clean Air Act to ensure clean air for our citizens within a
single generation. We've banned the import of ivory to protect
the elephant and rhinoceros from the human predators who
exterminate them for profit.
And we have begun to explore ways to work with other nations --
with the major industrialized democracies, in Poland and in
Hungary -- to make common cause for the sake of our environment.
The environment belongs to all of us. In our new world of
freedom, the world's citizens must enjoy this common trust for
generations to come.
Global economic growth -- the stewardship of our planet -- both
are critical issues. But as always, questions of war and peace
must be paramount to the United Nations.
We must move forward to limit --- and eliminate -- weapons of mass
destruction. Five years ago, at the UN Conference on Disarmament
in Geneva, I presented a U.S. draft treaty outlawing chemical
weapons. Since then, progress has been made -- but time is
running out. The threat in growing. More than 20 nations now
possess chemical weapons or the capability to produce them. And
these horrible weapons are now finding their way into regional
conflicts. This is unacceptable.
For the sake of mankind, we must halt and reverse this threat.
Today, I want to announce steps the U.S. is ready to take --
steps to rid the world of these truly terrible weapons -- towards
a treaty that will ban, eliminate, all chemical weapons from the
earth ten years from the day it is signed.
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- 5 -
This initiative contains three major elements:
First, in the first eight years of a chemical weapons treaty, the
U.S. is ready to destroy nearly all -- 98% -- of our chemical
weapons -- stockpile -- provided the Soviet Union joins the ban.
I think they will.
Second, we are ready to destroy all of our chemical weapons --
1008, every one -- within ten years, once all nations capable of
building chemical weapons sign the total ban treaty.
And third, the U.S. is ready to begin now. We'll eliminate more
than 80% of our stockpile -- even as we work to complete a treaty
-- if the Soviet Union joins us in cutting chemical weapons to an
equal level, and we agree on inspections to verify that
stockpiles are destroyed.
We know that monitoring a total ban on chemical weapons will be a
challenge. But the knowledge we've gained from our recent arms
control experience -- and our accelerating research in this area
-- makes me believe we can achieve the level of verification that
gives us confidence to go forward with the ban.
The world has lived too long in the shadow of chemical warfare.
Let us act together -- beginning today -- to rid the earth of
this scourge.
We are serious about achieving conventional arms reductions as
well. That's why we tabled new proposals just last Thursday at
the Conventional Forces in Europe negotiations in Vienna --
proposals that demonstrate our commitment to act rapidly to ease
military tensions in Europe, and move the nations of that
continent one step closer to their common destiny: a Europe
whole and free.
And the United States is convinced that open and innovative
measures can move disarmament forward -- and also ease
international tensions. That's the idea behind the Open Skies
proposal the Soviets have now indicated they are willing to
pursue. It's the idea behind the Open Lands proposal --
permitting, for the first time ever, free travel for all Soviet
and American diplomats throughout each other's countries.
Openness is the enemy of mistrust -- and every step towards a
more open world is a step towards the new world we seek.
And let me make this comment on our meetings with Soviet Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze over the past few days. I am very pleased
by the progress we made. The Soviet Union removed a number of
obstacles to progress on conventional and strategic arms
reductions. We reached agreements in principle on issues
from verification to nuclear testing. And of course, we agreed
to a summit in the spring or early summer of 1990.
Each of these achievements is important in its own right -- but
thev are more important still as signs of a new attitude that
prevails between the U.S. and USSR. Serious dirrerences
-- but the willingness to deal constructively and candidly --
with those differences is news that we -- and indeed the world --
must welcome.
We have not entered an era of perpetual peace. The threats to
peace that nations face may today be changing -- but they have
not vanished. In fact, in a number of regions around the world,
a dangerous combination is now emerging: Regimes armed with old
and unappeasable animosities -- and modern weapons of mass
destruction.
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0019
INTER*CONT NYC
4.
006
- 6 -
This development will raise the stakes whenever war breaks out,
Regional conflict may well threaten world peace as never before.
The challenge of preserving peace is a personal one for all of
you here in this hall. The United Nations can be a mediator -- a
forum where parties in conflict come in search of peaceful
solutions.
For the sake of peace, the UN must redouble its support for the
peace efforts now underway in regions of conflict all over the
world. And let me assure you: The U.S. is determined to take an
active role in settling regional conflicts. Sometimes, our role
in regional disputes is and will be highly public. Sometimes,
like many of you, we work quietly -- behind the scenes. But
always -- we are working for positive change and lasting peace.
Our world faces other, less conventional threats -- no less
dangerous to international peace and stability. Illegal drugs
are a menace to social order and a source of human misery
wherever they gain a foothold. The nations who suffer this
scourge must join forces in the fight. And we are. Let me
salute the commitment and extraordinary courage of one country in
particular -- Colombia -- where we are working with the people
and their President, Virgilio Barco, to put the drug cartels out
of business, and bring the drug lords to justice.
Finally, we must join forces to combat the threat of terrorism.
Every nation -- and the United Nations -- must send the outlaws
of the world a clear message: Hostage taking and the terror of
random violence are methods that cannot win the world's approval.
Terrorism of any kind is repugnant to all values a civilized
world holds in common. And make no mistake: Terrorism is a
means that no end -- no matter how just -- can sanctify.
Whatever the challenge, freedom greatly raises the chances of our
success. Freedom's moment is a time of hope for all the world.
Because freedom -- once set in motion -- takes on a momentum of
its own.
As I said the day I assumed the Presidency: "We don't have to
talk late into the night about which form of government is
better.' We know that free government -- democracy -- is best.
I believe that is the hard-won truth of our time -- the
unassailable fact that still stands at the end of a century of
great struggle and human suffering.
And this is true not because all our differences must give way to
democracy but because democracy makes room for all our
differences. In democracy, diversity finds its common home.
At the very heart of the democratic ideal is respect -- for
freedom of belief, freedom of thought and action in all its
diversity -- for human rights. The world has experienced enough
of the ideologies that have promised to remake man in some new
and better image. We've seen the colossal tragedies and dashed
hopes. we know now that freedom and democracy hold the answers:
What men and nations want is the freedom to live by their own
lights, and a chance to prosper in peace.
When I began today, I spoke to you about peacekeeping. I want to
speak to you now about peacemaking. We must bring peace to the
people who have never known its blessings.
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007
- 7 -
There's a painting that hangs on the wall of my office in the
White House. It pictures President Lincoln and his generals,
meeting near the end of a war that remains the bloodiest in
American history. Outside, at that moment, a battle rages. And
yet what we see in the distance is a rainbow -- a symbol of hope,
of the passing of the storm. That painting is called "The
Peacemakers." For me, it is a constant reminder that our
struggle -- the struggle for peace -- is a struggle blessed by
hope.
I do remember sitting in this hall. I remember the mutual
respect among all of us proudly serving as representatives. I
remember the almost endless speeches, Security Council sessions.
The receptions and receiving lines. The formal meetings of this
Assembly -- and the informal discussions in the Delegates'
Lounge.
And I remember something more. Something beyond the frantic pace
and sometimes frustrating experiences of daily life here: The
heartbeat of the United Nations -- the quiet conviction that we
could make the world more peaceful. More free.
What we sought then, now lies within our reach. I ask each of
you here in this hall: Can we not bring a unity of purpose to
the United Nations? Can we not make this new world of freedom
the common destiny we seek?
I believe we can. I know we must.
My solemn wish today is that here -- among the United Nations --
that spirit will take hold, and that all men and all nations will
make freedom's moment their own.
Thank you, God bless you, and may God bless the work of the
United Nations.
# # #
REMARKS: GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS
NEW YORK CITY
SEPTEMBER 25, 1989
11:00 AM
MR. PRESIDENT, MR. SECRETARY-GENERAL,
DISTINGUISHED DELEGATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS: I AM
HONORED TO SPEAK TO YOU TODAY AS YOU OPEN THE 44TH
SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
I WOULD LIKE TO CONGRATULATE JOSEPH GARBA OF
NIGERIA -- A DISTINGUISHED DIPLOMAT -- ON HIS ELECTION
AS PRESIDENT OF THIS SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY,
AND I WISH HIM SUCCESS IN HIS PRESIDENCY. [[PAUSE]]
I FEEL A GREAT PERSONAL PLEASURE ON THIS OCCASION.
Both 2 Barbara.
THIS IS A HOMECOMING FOR ME, THE MEMORIES OF MY TIME
HERE IN 1971 AND 1972 ARE STILL WITH ME TODAY -- THE
HUMAN MOMENTS -- THE HUMOROUS MOMENTS -- THAT ARE PART
OF EVEN THE HIGHEST UNDERTAKING.
2
- 2 -
LET ME SHARE ONE STORY -- FROM ONE OF THE MANY
SESSIONS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL. I WAS 45 MINUTES
LATE GETTING TO THE MEETING -- AND ALL 45 MINUTES WERE
FILLED BY THE FIRST SPEAKER TO TAKE THE FLOOR. WHEN I
WALKED IN AND TOOK MY SEAT, THE SPEAKER PAUSED AND SAID
WITH GREAT COURTESY: "I WELCOME THE PERMANENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES, AND NOW -- FOR HIS
All OVER
#
BENEFIT -- I WILL START MY SPEECH, AGAIN -- FROM THE
^
BEGINNING. [[PAUSE]] AT THAT MOMENT, DIFFERENCES OF
ALLIANCE AND IDEOLOGY DIDN'T MATTER. THE UNIVERSAL
GROAN THAT WENT UP AROUND THE TABLE -- FROM EVERY
MEMBER PRESENT -- AND THE LAUGHTER THAT FOLLOWED --
UNITED US ALL. [[PAUSE]]
TODAY, I WOULD LIKE TO BEGIN BY RECOGNIZING THE
CURRENT Ambassada PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES WITH WHOM Amb. I SERVED. *
*
ROBERTO MARTINEZ-ORDONEZ [OR DOE NYEZ]. BLAISE [BLEZ]
RABETAFIKA. [RAH BAY TA FEE KA] PERMANENT OBSERVOR
JOHN DUBE. [DOO-BAY]
Ang of
Dewal
course
was
de
bach
Hum
Amb.
and
Un.
Sec
Carrah
Amb
was
Abby Farah then
3
- 3 -
IT'S WONDERFUL TO LOOK AROUND AND SEE SO MANY
FAMILIAR FACES -- FOREIGN MINISTERS, MEMBERS OF THE
SECRETARIAT, DELEGATES. AND OF COURSE MR. SECRETARY-
GENERAL -- YOU WERE PERM REP FOR YOUR COUNTRY WHEN WE
you were Person
SERVED TOGETHER. ^ IT'S AN HONOR TO BE BACK WITH YOU IN Rep bach
AND UNDER SECTY Abby Forah -
a
THIS HISTORIC HALL.
then, too
THE UNITED NATIONS WAS ESTABLISHED FORTY-FOUR
YEARS AGO UPON THE ASHES OF WAR -- AND AMIDST GREAT
HOPES. AND THE UNITED NATIONS CAN DO GREAT THINGS.
NO, THE UN ISN'T PERFECT. IT'S NOT A PANACEA FOR THE
WORLD'S PROBLEMS. BUT IT IS A VITAL FORUM WHERE THE
NATIONS OF THE WORLD SEEK TO REPLACE CONFLICT WITH
CONSENSUS -- AND IT MUST REMAIN A FORUM FOR PEACE.
THE UN IS MOVING CLOSER TO THAT IDEAL. AND IT HAS
THE SUPPORT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. IN RECENT
YEARS -- CERTAINLY SINCE MY TIME HERE -- THE WAR OF
WORDS THAT HAS OFTEN ECHOED IN THIS CHAMBER IS GIVING
WAY TO A NEW MOOD. WE'VE SEEN A WELCOME SHIFT -- FROM
POLEMICS TO PEACEKEEPING.
- 4 -
4
UN PEACEKEEPING FORCES ARE ON DUTY RIGHT NOW --
AND OVER THE YEARS, MORE THAN 700 PEACEKEEPERS HAVE
GIVEN THEIR LIVES IN SERVICE TO THE UNITED NATIONS.
TODAY, I WANT TO REMEMBER ONE OF THESE SOLDIERS OF
PEACE. AN AMERICAN -- ON A MISSION OF PEACE UNDER THE
UN FLAG -- ON A MISSION FOR ALL THE WORLD. A MAN OF
UNQUESTIONED BRAVERY AND UNSWERVING DEDICATION TO THE
UN IDEAL: LT. COL. WILLIAM RICHARD HIGGINS. [[PAUSE]]
I CALL ON THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY TO BUILD ON THE
SECURITY COUNCIL $ CONDEMNATION OF ALL ACTS OF HOSTAGE
TAKING
TO CONDEMN THE MURDER OF THIS SOLDIER OF PEACE
-- AND CALL ON THOSE RESPONSIBLE TO RETURN HIS REMAINS
TO HIS FAMILY. AND LET US ALL RIGHT NOW -- RIGHT HERE
-- REDEDICATE OURSELVES AND OUR NATIONS TO THE CAUSE
THAT COLONEL HIGGINS SERVED SO SELFLESSLY.
5
- 5 -
*****
THE FOUNDERS OF THIS HISTORIC INSTITUTION BELIEVED
THAT IT WAS HERE THAT THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD MIGHT
COME TO AGREE THAT LAW -- NOT FORCE -- SHALL GOVERN.
AND THE UNITED NATIONS CAN PLAY A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN
THE CENTRAL ISSUE OF OUR TIME. FOR TODAY, THERE IS AN
IDEA AT WORK AROUND THE GLOBE -- AN IDEA OF UNDENIABLE
FORCE. THAT IDEA IS: FREEDOM.
FREEDOM'S ADVANCE IS EVIDENT EVERYWHERE. IN
CENTRAL EUROPE: IN HUNGARY -- WHERE STATE AND SOCIETY
ARE NOW IN THE MIDST OF A MOVEMENT TOWARDS POLITICAL
PLURALISM AND A FREE MARKET ECONOMY. WHERE THE BARRIER
THAT ONCE ENFORCED AN UNNATURAL DIVISION BETWEEN
HUNGARY AND ITS NEIGHBORS TO THE WEST HAS BEEN TORN
DOWN -- TORN DOWN -- REPLACED BY A NEW HOPE FOR THE
FUTURE -- NEW HOPE IN FREEDOM.
7
BECAUSE WHERE THERE IS HOPE OF FREEDOM AT HOME --
SOV. Javs
NO ONE MUST FLEE TO FIND IT EL SEWHERE.
- 6 -
6
WE SEE FREEDOM AT WORK IN POLAND -- WHERE, IN
DEFERENCE TO THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE, THE COMMUNIST
PARTY HAS RELINQUISHED ITS MONOPOLY ON POWER. AND IN
THE SOVIET UNION -- WHERE THE WORLD HEARS THE VOICES OF
PEOPLE NO LONGER AFRAID TO SPEAK OUT, OR TO ASSERT THE
RIGHT TO RULE THEMSELVES.
BUT FREEDOM'S MARCH IS NOT CONFINED TO A SINGLE
CONTINENT -- OR TO THE DEVELOPED WORLD ALONE.
WE SEE THE RISE OF FREEDOM IN LATIN AMERICA --
WHERE, ONE BY ONE, DICTATORSHIPS ARE GIVING WAY TO
DEMOCRACY.
WE SEE IT ON THE CONTINENT OF AFRICA -- WHERE MORE
AND MORE NATIONS SEE IN THE SYSTEM OF FREE ENTERPRISE,
SALVATION FOR ECONOMIES CRIPPLED BY EXCESSIVE STATE
CONTROL.
7
- 7 -
EAST AND WEST -- NORTH AND SOUTH: ON EVERY
CONTINENT, ON EVERY HORIZON, WE CAN SEE THE OUTLINES OF
A NEW WORLD OF FREEDOM.
OF COURSE, FREEDOM'S WORK REMAINS UNFINISHED. THE
TREND WE SEE IS NOT YET UNIVERSAL. SOME REGIMES STILL
STAND AGAINST THE TIDE. SOME RULERS STILL DENY THE
RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO GOVERN THEMSELVES. BUT NOW, THE
POWER OF PREJUDICE AND DESPOTISM IS CHALLENGED. NEVER
BEFORE HAVE THESE REGIMES STOOD SO ISOLATED AND
ALONE -- SO OUT OF STEP WITH THE STEADY ADVANCE OF
FREEDOM.
TODAY, WE ARE WITNESSING AN IDEOLOGICAL
COLLAPSE -- THE DEMISE OF THE TOTALITARIAN IDEA OF THE
OMNISCIENT, ALL-POWERFUL STATE.
THERE ARE MANY REASONS FOR THIS COLLAPSE. BUT IN
THE END, ONE FACT ALONE EXPLAINS WHAT WE SEE TODAY:
ADVOCATES OF THE TOTALITARIAN IDEA SAW ITS TRIUMPH
WRITTEN IN THE LAWS OF HISTORY. THEY FAILED TO SEE THE
LOVE OF FREEDOM WRITTEN IN THE HUMAN HEART.
8
- 8 -
200 YEARS AGO TODAY, THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS
PROPOSED THE BILL OF RIGHTS -- FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
BELONGING TO EVERY INDIVIDUAL. RIGHTS NO GOVERNMENT
CAN DENY. THOSE SAME RIGHTS HAVE BEEN RECOGNIZED IN
THIS CONGRESS OF NATIONS -- IN THE WORDS OF THE
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, "A COMMON
STANDARD OF ACHIEVEMENT FOR ALL PEOPLES AND ALL
NATIONS."
FROM WHERE WE STAND -- ON THE THRESHOLD OF THIS
NEW WORLD OF FREEDOM -- THE TREND IS CLEAR ENOUGH. IF,
FOR THOSE WHO WRITE THE HISTORY OF OUR TIMES, THE 20TH
CENTURY IS REMEMBERED AS THE CENTURY OF THE STATE --
THE 21ST MUST BE AN ERA OF EMANCIPATION - THE AGE OF
THE INDIVIDUAL.
MAKE NO MISTAKE: NOTHING CAN STAND IN THE WAY OF
FREEDOM'S MARCH. THERE WILL COME A DAY WHEN FREEDOM IS
SEEN THE WORLD OVER TO BE THE UNIVERSAL BIRTHRIGHT OF
EVERY MAN AND WOMAN -- OF EVERY RACE AND WALK OF LIFE.
EVEN UNDER THE WORST OF CIRCUMSTANCES, AT THE DARKEST
OF TIMES, FREEDOM HAS ALWAYS REMAINED ALIVE -- A
DISTANT DREAM, PERHAPS, BUT ALWAYS ALIVE.
9
- 9 -
TODAY, THAT DREAM IS NO LONGER DISTANT. FOR THE
FIRST TIME, FOR MILLIONS AROUND THE WORLD -- A NEW
WORLD OF FREEDOM IS WITHIN REACH. TODAY -- IS
FREEDOM'S MOMENT.
*****
YOU SEE, THE POSSIBILITY NOW EXISTS FOR THE
CREATION OF A TRUE COMMUNITY OF NATIONS -- BUILT ON
SHARED INTERESTS AND IDEALS. A TRUE COMMUNITY -- A
WORLD WHERE FREE GOVERNMENTS AND FREE MARKETS MEET THE
RISING DESIRE OF THE PEOPLE TO CONTROL THEIR OWN
DESTINY: TO LIVE IN DIGNITY, AND TO EXERCISE FREELY
THEIR FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS.
IT IS TIME WE WORKED TOGETHER TO DELIVER THAT
DESTINY INTO THE HANDS OF MEN AND WOMEN EVERYWHERE.
[[PAUSE]]
OUR CHALLENGE IS TO STRENGTHEN THE FOUNDATIONS OF
FREEDOM --ENCOURAGE ITS ADVANCE, AND FACE OUR MOST
URGENT CHALLENGES. THE GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST
CENTURY: ECONOMIC HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL WELL-BEING,
AND THE GREAT QUESTIONS OF WAR AND PEACE.
10
- 10 -
FIRST, GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH. DURING THIS
DECADE, A NUMBER OF DEVELOPING NATIONS HAVE MOVED INTO
THE RANKS OF THE WORLD'S MOST ADVANCED ECONOMIES -- ALL
OF THEM -- EACH AND EVERY ONE -- POWERED BY THE ENGINE
OF FREE ENTERPRISE.
IN THE DECADE AHEAD, OTHERS CAN JOIN THEIR RANKS.
BUT -- FOR MANY NATIONS -- BARRIERS STAND IN THE WAY.
IN THE CASE OF SOME COUNTRIES, THESE ARE OBSTACLES OF
THEIR OWN MAKING: UNNEEDED RESTRICTIONS AND
REGULATIONS THAT ACT AS DEAD WEIGHTS ON THEIR OWN
ECONOMIES AND OBSTACLES TO FOREIGN TRADE.
BUT OTHER BARRIERS TO GROWTH EXIST, AND THOSE TOO
REQUIRE EFFECTIVE ACTION. TOO MANY DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES STRUGGLE TODAY UNDER A BURDEN OF DEBT THAT
MAKES GROWTH ALL BUT IMPOSSIBLE. THE NATIONS OF THE
WORLD DESERVE A BETTER OPPORTUNITY TO ACHIEVE A MEASURE
OF CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN ECONOMIC FATE, AND BUILD
BETTER LIVES FOR THEIR OWN PEOPLE.
- 11 -
THE APPROACH THE U.S. HAS PUT FORWARD -- THE BRADY
PLAN -- WILL HELP THESE NATIONS REDUCE THAT DEBT -- AND
AT THE SAME TIME ENCOURAGE THE FREE MARKET REFORMS THAT
WILL FUEL GROWTH.
IN JUST TWO DAYS I WILL BE SPEAKING TO THE
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND WORLD BANK. I'LL
DISCUSS THERE IN MORE DETAIL STEPS OUR NATIONS CAN TAKE
IN DEALING WITH THE DEBT PROBLEM. BUT I CAN SAY NOW:
THE NEW WORLD OF FREEDOM IS NOT A WORLD WHERE A FEW
NATIONS LIVE IN COMFORT, WHILE OTHERS LIVE IN WANT.
THE POWER OF COMMERCE IS A FORCE FOR PROGRESS.
OPEN MARKETS ARE THE KEY TO CONTINUED GROWTH IN THE
DEVELOPING WORLD. TODAY, THE UNITED STATES BUYS OVER
ONE HALF OF THE MANUFACTURED EXPORTS THAT ALLTHE
DEVELOPING-NATIONS-COMBINED SELL TO THE INDUSTRIALIZED
WORLD. IT'S TIME FOR THE OTHER ADVANCED ECONOMIES TO
FOLLOW SUIT -- TO CREATE EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR
TRADE.
- 12 -
12
I BELIEVE WE'LL LEARN IN THE CENTURY AHEAD THAT
MANY NATIONS OF THE WORLD HAVE BARELY BEGUN TO TAP
THEIR TRUE POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT. THE FREE MARKET
AND ITS FRUITS ARE NOT THE SPECIAL PRESERVE OF A FEW.
THEY ARE A HARVEST EVERYONE CAN SHARE.
*****
BEYOND THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBAL GROWTH LIES ANOTHER
ISSUE OF GLOBAL MAGNITUDE: THE ENVIRONMENT. NO LINE
DRAWN ON A MAP CAN STOP THE ADVANCE OF POLLUTION.
THREATS TO OUR ENVIRONMENT HAVE BECOME AN INTERNATIONAL
PROBLEM. WE MUST DEVELOP AN INTERNATIONAL APPROACH TO
URGENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES -- ONE THAT SEEKS COMMON
SOLUTIONS TO COMMON PROBLEMS.
THE UNITED NATIONS IS ALREADY AT WORK. ON THE
QUESTION OF GLOBAL WARMING. IN THE EFFORT TO PREVENT
OIL SPILLS AND OTHER DISASTERS FROM FOULING OUR SEAS
AND THE AIR WE BREATHE.
- 13 -
13
AND I WILL TELL YOU NOW: THE UNITED STATES WILL
DO ITS PART. WE'VE COMMITTED OURSELVES TO THE WORLD-
WIDE PHASE-OUT OF ALL CHLOROFLOUROCARBONS BY THE YEAR
2000. WE'VE PROPOSED AMENDING OUR CLEAN AIR ACT TO
ENSURE CLEAN AIR FOR OUR CITIZENS WITHIN A SINGLE
GENERATION. WE'VE BANNED THE IMPORT OF IVORY TO
PROTECT THE ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS FROM THE HUMAN
PREDATORS WHO EXTERMINATE THEM FOR PROFIT.
AND WE HAVE BEGUN TO EXPLORE WAYS TO WORK WITH
OTHER NATIONS -- WITH THE MAJOR INDUSTRIALIZED
DEMOCRACIES, IN POLAND AND IN HUNGARY -- TO MAKE COMMON
CAUSE FOR THE SAKE OF OUR ENVIRONMENT.
THE ENVIRONMENT BELONGS TO ALL OF US. IN OUR NEW WORLD
OF FREEDOM, THE WORLD'S CITIZENS MUST ENJOY THIS COMMON
TRUST FOR GENERATIONS TO COME.
*****
GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH -- THE STEWARDSHIP OF OUR
PLANET -- BOTH ARE CRITICAL ISSUES. BUT AS ALWAYS,
QUESTIONS OF WAR AND PEACE MUST BE PARAMOUNT TO THE
UNITED NATIONS.
- 14 -
14
WE MUST MOVE FORWARD TO LIMIT -- AND ELIMINATE --
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION. FIVE YEARS AGO, AT THE UN
CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT IN GENEVA, I PRESENTED A U.S.
DRAFT TREATY OUTLAWING CHEMICAL WEAPONS. SINCE THEN,
PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE -- BUT TIME IS RUNNING OUT. THE
THREAT IS GROWING. MORE THAN 20 NATIONS NOW POSSESS
CHEMICAL WEAPONS OR THE CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE THEM.
AND THESE HORRIBLE WEAPONS ARE NOW FINDING THEIR WAY
INTO REGIONAL CONFLICTS. THIS IS UNNACCEPTABLE.
FOR THE SAKE OF MANKIND, WE MUST HALT AND REVERSE
THIS THREAT. TODAY, I WANT TO ANNOUNCE STEPS THE U.S.
IS READY TO TAKE -- STEPS TO RID THE WORLD OF THESE
TRULY TERRIBLE WEAPONS --TOWARDS A TREATY THAT WILL
BAN, ELIMINATE, ALL CHEMICAL WEAPONS FROM THE EARTH TEN
YEARS FROM THE DAY IT IS SIGNED.
THIS INITIATIVE CONTAINS THREE MAJOR ELEMENTS:
FIRST, IN THE FIRST EIGHT YEARS OF A CHEMICAL
WEAPONS TREATY, THE U.S. IS READY TO DESTROY NEARLY ALL
-- 98% -- OF OUR CHEMICAL WEAPONS -- STOCKPILE --
PROVIDED THE SOVIET UNION JOINS THE BAN. I THINK THEY
WILL.
- 15 -
SECOND, WE ARE READY TO DESTROY ALL OF OUR
15
CHEMICAL WEAPONS -- 100%, EVERY ONE -- WITHIN TEN
YEARS, ONCE ALL NATIONS CAPABLE OF BUILDING CHEMICAL
WEAPONS SIGN THE TOTAL BAN TREATY.
AND THIRD, THE U.S. IS READY TO BEGIN NOW. WE'LL
ELIMINATE MORE THAN 80% OF OUR STOCKPILE -- EVEN AS WE
WORK TO COMPLETE A TREATY -- IF THE SOVIET UNION JOINS
US IN CUTTING CHEMICAL WEAPONS TO AN EQUAL LEVEL, AND
WE AGREE ON THE CONDITIONS -- INCLUDING INSPECTIONS --
UNDER WHICH STOCKPILES ARE DESTROYED.
WE KNOW THAT MONITORING A TOTAL BAN ON CHEMICAL
WEAPONS WILL BE A CHALLENGE. BUT THE KNOWLEDGE WE'VE
GAINED FROM OUR RECENT ARMS CONTROL EXPERIENCE -- AND
OUR ACCELERATING RESEARCH IN THIS AREA -- MAKES ME
BELIEVE
CONFIDENT WE CAN ACHIEVE THE LEVEL OF VERIFICATION THAT
GIVES US CONFIDENCE TO GO FORWARD WITH THE BAN.
THE WORLD HAS LIVED TOO LONG IN THE SHADOW OF
CHEMICAL WARFARE. LET US ACT TOGETHER -- BEGINNING
TODAY -- TO RID THE EARTH OF THIS SCOURGE. [PAUSE]
- 16 -
16
WE ARE SERIOUS ABOUT ACHIEVING CONVENTIONAL ARMS
REDUCTIONS AS WELL. THAT'S WHY WE TABLED NEW PROPOSALS
JUST LAST THURSDAY AT THE CONVENTIONAL FORCES IN EUROPE
NEGOTIATIONS IN VIENNA -- PROPOSALS THAT DEMONSTRATE
OUR COMMITMENT TO ACT RAPIDLY TO EASE MILITARY TENSIONS
IN EUROPE, AND MOVE THE NATIONS OF THAT CONTINENT ONE
STEP CLOSER TO THEIR COMMON DESTINY: A EUROPE WHOLE
AND FREE.
AND THE UNITED STATES IS CONVINCED THAT OPEN AND
INNOVATIVE MEASURES CAN MOVE DISARMAMENT FORWARD -- AND
ALSO EASE INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS. THAT'S THE IDEA
BEHIND THE OPEN SKIES PROPOSAL ABOUT WHICH THE SOVIETS
HAVE NOW EXPRESSED A POSITIVE ATTITUDE. IT'S THE IDEA
PROPOSAL
BEHIND THE OPEN LANDS AGREEMENT #8 HAVE CONCLUSED --
PERMITTING, FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER, FREE TRAVEL FOR
ALL SOVIET AND AMERICAN DIPLOMATS THROUGHOUT EACH
OTHER'S COUNTRIES. OPENNESS IS THE ENEMY OF
MISTRUST -- AND EVERY STEP TOWARDS A MORE OPEN WORLD IS
A STEP TOWARDS THE NEW WORLD WE SEEK.
- 17 -
17
AND LET ME MAKE THIS COMMENT ON OUR MEETINGS WITH
SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER SHEVARDNADZE OVER THE PAST FEW
DAYS. I AM VERY PLEASED BY THE PROGRESS WE MADE. THE
SOVIET UNION REMOVED A NUMBER OF OBSTACLES TO PROGRESS
ON CONVENTIONAL AND STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTIONS. WE
REACHED AGREEMENTS IN PRINCIPLE ON ISSUES FROM
VERIFICATION TO NUCLEAR TESTING. AND OF COURSE, WE
AGREED TO A SUMMIT IN THE SPRING OR EARLY SUMMER OF
1990.
EACH OF THESE ACHIEVEMENTS IS IMPORTANT IN ITS OWN
RIGHT -- BUT THEY ARE MORE IMPORTANT STILL AS SIGNS OF
A NEW ATTITUDE THAT PREVAILS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND USSR.
SERIOUS DIFFERENCES REMAIN -- BUT THE WILLINGNESS TO
DEAL CONSTRUCTIVELY AND CANDIDLY -- WITH THOSE
DIFFERENCES IS NEWS THAT WE -- AND INDEED THE WORLD --
MUST WELCOME.
18
- 18 -
*****
WE HAVE NOT ENTERED AN ERA OF PERPETUAL PEACE.
THE THREATS TO PEACE THAT NATIONS FACE MAY TODAY BE
CHANGING -- BUT THEY HAVE NOT VANISHED. IN FACT, IN A
NUMBER OF REGIONS AROUND THE WORLD, A DANGEROUS
COMBINATION IS NOW EMERGING: REGIMES ARMED WITH OLD
AND UNAPPEASABLE ANIMOSITIES -- AND MODERN WEAPONS OF
MASS DESTRUCTION.
THIS DEVELOPMENT WILL RAISE THE STAKES WHENEVER
WAR BREAKS OUT. REGIONAL CONFLICT MAY WELL THREATEN
WORLD PEACE AS NEVER BEFORE.
THE CHALLENGE OF PRESERVING PEACE IS A PERSONAL
ONE FOR ALL OF YOU HERE IN THIS HALL. [MR. SECRETARY
GENERAL, I KNOW YOU HAVE MADE IT YOUR OWN.] THE UNITED
NATIONS CAN BE A MEDIATOR -- A FORUM WHERE PARTIES IN
CONFLICT COME IN SEARCH OF PEACEFUL SOLUTIONS.
- 19 -
19
FOR THE SAKE OF PEACE, THE UN MUST REDOUBLE ITS
SUPPORT FOR THE PEACE EFFORTS NOW UNDERWAY IN REGIONS
OF CONFLICT ALL OVER THE WORLD. AND LET ME ASSURE YOU:
THE U.S. IS DETERMINED TO TAKE AN ACTIVE ROLE IN
SETTLING REGIONAL CONFLICTS. SOMETIMES, OUR ROLE IN
REGIONAL DISPUTES IS AND WILL BE HIGHLY PUBLIC.
SOMETIMES, LIKE MANY OF YOU, WE WORK QUIETLY -- BEHIND
THE SCENES. BUT ALWAYS -- WE ARE WORKING FOR POSITIVE
CHANGE AND LASTING PEACE.
OUR WORLD FACES OTHER, LESS CONVENTIONAL
THREATS -- NO LESS DANGEROUS TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND
STABILITY. ILLEGAL DRUGS ARE A MENACE TO SOCIAL ORDER
AND A SOURCE OF HUMAN MISERY WHEREVER THEY GAIN A
FOOTHOLD. THE NATIONS WHO SUFFER THIS SCOURGE MUST
JOIN FORCES IN THE FIGHT. AND WE ARE. LET ME SALUTE
THE COMMITMENT AND EXTRAORDINARY COURAGE OF ONE COUNTRY
IN PARTICULAR -- COLOMBIA -- WHERE WE ARE WORKING WITH
THE PEOPLE AND THEIR PRESIDENT, VIRGILIO BARCO, TO PUT
THE DRUG CARTELS OUT OF BUSINESS, AND BRING THE DRUG
LORDS TO JUSTICE.
- 20 -
FINALLY, WE MUST JOIN FORCES TO COMBAT THE THREAT
OF TERRORISM. EVERY NATION -- AND THE UNITED
NATIONS -- MUST SEND THE OUTLAWS OF THE WORLD A CLEAR
MESSAGE: HOSTAGE TAKING AND THE TERROR OF RANDOM
VIOLENCE ARE METHODS THAT CANNOT WIN THE WORLD'S
APPROVAL. TERRORISM OF ANY KIND IS REPUGNANT TO ALL
VALUES A CIVILIZED WORLD HOLDS IN COMMON. AND MAKE NO
MISTAKE: TERRORISM IS A MEANS THAT NO END -- NO MATTER
HOW JUST -- CAN SANCTIFY.
*****
WHATEVER THE CHALLENGE, FREEDOM GREATLY RAISES THE
CHANCES OF OUR SUCCESS. FREEDOM'S MOMENT IS A TIME OF
HOPE FOR ALL THE WORLD. BECAUSE FREEDOM -- ONCE SET IN
MOTION -- TAKES ON A MOMENTUM OF ITS OWN.
AS I SAID THE DAY I ASSUMED THE PRESIDENCY: "WE
DON'T HAVE TO TALK LATE INTO THE NIGHT ABOUT WHICH FORM
OF GOVERNMENT IS BETTER." WE KNOW THAT FREE GOVERNMENT
-- DEMOCRACY -- IS BEST.
- 21 -
I BELIEVE THAT IS THE HARD-WON TRUTH OF OUR
TIME -- THE UNASSAILABLE FACT THAT STILL STANDS AT THE
END OF A CENTURY OF GREAT STRUGGLE AND HUMAN
SUFFERING.
AND THIS IS TRUE NOT BECAUSE ALL OUR DIFFERENCES
MUST GIVE WAY TO DEMOCRACY -- BUT BECAUSE DEMOCRACY
MAKES ROOM FOR ALL OUR DIFFERENCES. IN DEMOCRACY,
DIVERSITY FINDS ITS COMMON HOME.
AT THE VERY HEART OF THE DEMOCRATIC IDEAL IS
RESPECT -- FOR FREEDOM OF BELIEF, FREEDOM OF THOUGHT
AND ACTION IN ALL ITS DIVERSITY -- FOR HUMAN RIGHTS.
THE WORLD HAS EXPERIENCED ENOUGH OF THE IDEOLOGIES THAT
HAVE PROMISED TO REMAKE MAN IN SOME NEW AND BETTER
IMAGE. WE'VE SEEN THE COLOSSAL TRAGEDIES AND DASHED
HOPES. WE KNOW NOW THAT FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY HOLD THE
ANSWERS. WHAT MEN AND NATIONS WANT IS THE FREEDOM TO
LIVE BY THEIR OWN LIGHTS, AND A CHANCE TO PROSPER IN
PEACE. [[PAUSE]]
- 22 -
WHEN I BEGAN TODAY, I SPOKE TO YOU ABOUT
PEACEKEEPING. I WANT TO SPEAK TO YOU NOW ABOUT
PEACEMAKING. WE MUST BRING PEACE TO THE PEOPLE WHO
HAVE NEVER KNOWN ITS BLESSINGS.
THERE'S A PAINTING THAT HANGS ON THE WALL OF MY
OFFICE IN THE WHITE HOUSE. IT PICTURES PRESIDENT
LINCOLN AND HIS GENERALS, MEETING NEAR THE END OF A WAR
THAT REMAINS THE BLOODIEST IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
OUTSIDE, AT THAT MOMENT, A BATTLE RAGES. AND YET WHAT
WE SEE IN THE DISTANCE IS A RAINBOW -- A SYMBOL OF
HOPE, OF THE PASSING OF THE STORM. [PAUSE] THAT
PAINTING IS CALLED THE PEACEMAKERS. [PAUSE] FOR ME,
IT IS A CONSTANT REMINDER THAT OUR STRUGGLE -- THE
STRUGGLE FOR PEACE -- IS A STRUGGLE BLESSED BY HOPE.
[[PAUSE]]
I DO REMEMBER SITTING IN THIS HALL. I REMEMBER
THE MUTUAL RESPECT AMONG ALL OF US PROUDLY SERVING AS
REPRESENTATIVES. I REMEMBER THE ALMOST ENDLESS
SPEECHES, SECURITY COUNCIL SESSIONS. THE RECEPTIONS
AND RECEIVING LINES. THE FORMAL MEETINGS OF THIS
ASSEMBLY -- AND THE INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS IN THE
DELEGATES' LOUNGE.
- 23 -
AND I REMEMBER SOMETHING MORE. SOMETHING BEYOND
THE FRANTIC PACE AND SOMETIMES FRUSTRATING EXPERIENCES
OF DAILY LIFE HERE: THE HEARTBEAT OF THE UNITED
NATIONS THE QUIET CONVICTION THAT WE COULD MAKE THE
WORLD MORE PEACEFUL. MORE FREE.
WHAT WE SOUGHT THEN, NOW LIES WITHIN OUR REACH. I
ASK EACH OF YOU HERE IN THIS HALL: CAN WE NOT BRING A
UNITY OF PURPOSE TO THE UNITED NATIONS? CAN WE NOT
MAKE THIS NEW WORLD OF FREEDOM THE COMMON DESTINY WE
SEEK?
I BELIEVE WE CAN. I KNOW WE MUST. [[PAUSE]]
MY SOLEMN WISH TODAY IS THAT HERE AMONG THE
UNITED NATIONS -- THAT SPIRIT WILL TAKE HOLD, AND THAT
ALL MEN AND ALL NATIONS WILL MAKE FREEDOM'S MOMENT
THEIR OWN.
THANK YOU, GOD BLESS YOU, AND MAY GOD BLESS THE
WORK OF THE UNITED NATIONS.
# # #
perm
Vep
Mangalyn Dugersuren
TST
(mahn-ga-lyn Doo ger 500 ren)
Mongolia
Tim McBride
No - to ( done