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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Draft Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13543 Folder ID Number: 13543-007 Folder Title: German-American Day Celebration 10/3/90 [OA 5377] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 16 4 7 Institute Briefing Paper Hudson August 24, 1990 Chris-for 123 10/3 event The Implications of German Economic Unification FYI Gary L. Geipel AP [SUMMARY: Germany's economic unification preceded In all-German elections this December, Chancellor and in many respects is the driving force in the country's Helmut Kohl and the conservative Christian Democratic political unification. Economic and monetary union in Party's coalition can be expected to emerge victorious. A Germany now is two months old. It has brought into unified Germany and its new Bundestag [parliament] then sharper focus the financial, social, and political chal- will face at least five fundamental challenges in realizing lenges that the German people themselves will have to the benefits of economic merger: overcome, and it offers important indicators of what the First, the West and East German people must over- rest of the world can expect from a united Germany in the come certain aspects of the socialization they have under- decade ahead.] gone in the past forty years, which now hinder their coming together as one nation. Second, German political Introduction leaders must play a more significant role in inspiring their The economic variable in the future of Germany is as people for a shared mission that requires both sacrifice and important as it is difficult to calculate. There simply are no patience. Third, the German political parties must come to similar historical cases to refer to. Never has a rapid terms with their new constituency in East Germany, which merger been attempted between two regions with such reflects different interests than those prevailing in West different economic histories and levels of development. Germany. Fourth, German leaders and average citizens That East and West Germany contain people who speak alike must demonstrate that they can navigate the difficult the same language and share a common culture makes the course between the painful but economically responsible task only marginally easier or more predictable. decisions necessary to promote East German recovery, Still, the course of Germany's economic union will and choices that only will maximize short-term gains. determine to a large extent the behavior of a unified Finally, Germany must develop an international economic German state. Historians have argued convincingly that strategy that maximizes the country's future growth prosperity is more closely linked to a positive national without isolating it from its economic and political identity and political stability in Germany than in most alliance partners. other societies. At the same time, the results of economic Germany's responses to such challenges are still ten- union will influence Germany's future status as a competi- tative. Nevertheless, enough evidence exists to derive at tor in international markets, its strategic position in least seven propositions regarding a united Germany: Europe, and its political weight throughout the world. The (1) The new Germany will display a growing free-market economic variable in Germany's unification equation orientation and entrepreneurial spirit, making it a therefore must be confronted. more formidable international competitor than at any It is my premise here that while the difficulties of point since World War II. Germany's economic merger and East Germany's transi- (2) Regional economic and political strength in Germany tion to the free market will be considerable, they will be of will grow, despite or in part because of the relocation relatively short duration and herald a period of prosperity of the German capital to Berlin. unprecedented even in the history of West Germany's (3) Germany's appeal to immigrants from throughout economic miracle. Europe and even the Middle East will grow, and could Gary L. Geipel is a Research Fellow in Hudson Institute's Center for Soviet and Central European Studies in Indianapolis. Mr. Geipel directed a Hudson conference on The Future of Germany in June, the first conference in the U.S. since the opening of the Berlin Wall devoted to the issues of German reunification. Hudson Institute will publish a book this fall on the conference proceedings. This paper is adapted from Mr. Geipel's presentation to the conference, which will be included in that book. Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 2 No. 123 place the United States and Germany in competition most widely read West German magazines and newspa- not only for markets but for talent. pers - which have reached epic proportions in recent (4) Economic issues will become the focus of political months¹ - also have not helped to shore up enthusiasm dissent in Germany, especially on the far right and the for economic union. Now that economic union is far left. underway, it is easier to evaluate whether German (5) Germany will play a pivotal economic role in Eastern concerns are justified, and how those concerns might Europe and the Soviet Union, not exceeded by any translate into behavior. other industrialized country; this has at least the potential to influence German foreign policy. The West German Perspective (6) At the same time, Germany will solidify its position For many West Germans, economic union has two as primus inter pares -- first among equals -- in the overriding implications: inflation resulting from the print- European Community (EC). ing of new Deutsche Marks (DMs) and a pillaging of the (7) East Germany's recovery programs, the collapse of public purse to fund East Germany's transformation to a the East-West divide in Europe, and the economic modern capitalist economy. Inflation is taken to mean transformation of Eastern Europe will combine to higher prices for consumer goods, and greater public create an unprecedented competition for German in- spending is equated with larger budget deficits and tax vestment among all of the European countries - a rates - in both cases threatening the vaunted West competition that will be won, more than before, on German standard of living. the basis of free-market calculations and not political On the first count, the historically based German fear or institutional considerations. of inflation can hardly be overstated, and it goes far in explaining West German reaction to the exchange of East The Economic Outlook German personal savings accounts, wages, and pensions When the Berlin Wall opened on the night of Novem- to DMs at parity. From the standpoint of money supply, ber 9, 1989, West Berlin's mayor said that "the German however, West German fears of significant inflation re- people were the happiest people in the world." If so, they sulting from currency union are not well grounded. simply weren't themselves that night. In mid-1990 - if Estimates are that the overall supply of DMs increased in most media accounts, opinion polls, and private conversa- proportion (between 10 and 13 percent) to the increase in tions are to be believed - the Germans again are in the productive capacity that West Germany experienced as a grips of an anxiety attack that is severe even by the result of currency union. Indeed, in the months since standards of a people for whom anxiety is a national currency union, inflation has not been a problem in cachet. Germany. Money supply calculations were proven cor- The main causes of German concern are not the rect, and East Germans have not gone on the massive country's future position in NATO or the status of the spending spree that some economists feared. Oder-Neisse border with Poland. Today it is money that Having calmed themselves somewhat regarding infla- worries Germans the most. In primitive terms, West tion, West German taxpayers worry more than ever that Germans worry about how much of it they'll have to spend they will bear most of the direct costs of unification. on unification; East Germans worry about how much of it Estimates range between DM 500-800 billion ($300-500 they'll get, and how quickly. In polls taken just before billion) of the resources that will be required to bring East Germany's monetary union on July 2, more than half of all Germany's infrastructure up to the level of West West Germans expressed the belief that currency union - Germany. Such estimates do not include the enormous an inevitable aspect of the growing together that they cost to modernize East German industry, also thought to celebrated last November - will be disadvantageous to be in the neighborhood of DM 500 billion. them. Only 28 percent of West Germans were prepared to A strong case can be made, however, that most of East make financial sacrifices to help achieve unification. And Germany's infrastructure-development bill will not bur- less than 40 percent of East Germans agreed with Chan- den the German taxpayer. Industrial modernization costs cellor Kohl's campaign prediction that "in five years, will be paid in large measure by private industry, today's GDR will be a booming region." particularly cash-flush West German firms. The role of In all fairness to the Germans, euphoria is a difficult government here is limited to providing tax and financing and not very practical condition to sustain. After the incentives. Early signs on investment are fairly positive. reality of November 9 set in, a more sobering confronta- The pool of funds made available to investors through tion with the problems of unification was inevitable. The low-interest loans from Bonn's European Recovery shortsightedness, paranoia, and cynicism of some of the Program (ERP) has been increased from DM 1.2 to DM 6 August 24, 1990 Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 3 billion ($3.75 billion) this year to accommodate the more Assessing its transitional problems, the East German Fi- than 2,700 applications already received for business nance Ministry recently estimated that expenditures in the startup funding in East Germany from small and medium- region will exceed likely tax revenues and existing budget sized firms. Some large West German industrial firms commitments from West Germany by at least DM 36 seem to be waiting for complete unification before billion ($22.5 billion) next year. This will create an all- moving aggressively into East Germany, or for existing German budget deficit of as much as DM 100 billion East German enterprises to become even cheaper buyout ($62.5 billion) in 1991. targets by virtue of their collapse. Faced with such numbers, Chancellor Kohl has ap- Improvements to East Germany's public infrastruc- peared to waver in recent statements on his pledge that ture will be spread over at least the next decade, and paid unification will not require additional taxes. Earlier this to some extent from the sale or income of East German year, Kohl's "German Unity Fund" was seen as a political land and capital stock, estimated to be worth several master stroke in offsetting part of the unification deficits hundred billion DMs. Though a portion of capital stock is through 1994 without requiring new taxes. The Fund's so old and outmoded as to be of little value, proceeds from DM 115 billion ($72 billion) will consist of DM 20 billion the sale and privatization of viable East German enter- prises and other state assets - which is being managed by a trust agency in Berlin - along with the sale of state- While the difficulties of Germany's owned land, could fund a significant range of public- economic merger will be considerable, works projects. Eventually, as the East German corporate sector grows and private incomes increase, the tax they will herald a period of prosperity revenues of the East German Länder [states] will grow unprecedented even in the history of proportionately, allowing more financing of infrastructure West Germany's economic miracle. projects through the budget process. The most serious burden facing Germany's federal budget is the cost of cushioning East Germany's transition ($13 billion) the Bonn government otherwise would have to a market economy, which even in the most optimistic spent on West Berlin subsidies and other financial relics of scenarios will take years. The budget deficits of a united Germany's division, and DM 95 billion ($59 billion) Germany will be large through at least the middle of the raised on domestic and international capital markets. 1990s, as a result of extending West German unemploy- Bonn and the German states will divide the interest ment and other social benefits to the East German people payments on those additional debts, thus cushioning the and temporarily guaranteeing the solvency of firms that blow for any single government. Already, however, East show at least some prospect of becoming viable in a Germany's Finance Ministry has recommended doubling capitalist economy. More than 250,000 East German the size of the Unity Fund to compensate for the higher- workers were unemployed within six weeks of currency than-expected short-term costs of unification. Just servic- union, and another 800,000 saw their hours cut back ing the interest on that much additional debt may require drastically; some 100,000 older workers took early tax hikes. retirement. The age and inefficiency of East German Kohl and members of his coalition continue to hope, enterprises will force many of them to close entirely in the with good reason, that German deficits will decline after face of competition. Other firms will lay off thousands of 1991 as laid-off East German workers find new jobs and workers, as they specialize and retool in an effort to corporate tax revenues rise from unity-induced growth. increase productivity. All told, as many as 2.7 million East Clearing away the dead wood of East German industry - German workers may face at least some period of even if temporarily quite painful - should guarantee that unemployment in the transition period. any tax increases and other sacrifices borne by the West In July alone, East Germany extended credit guaran- Germans will be moderate and of short duration. tees of more than DM 10 billion ($6.25 billion) - the amount originally budgeted for all of 1990 - to firms The East German Perspective facing imminent bankruptcy. Since then, the East German Polls and personal encounters confirm the general trust agency responsible for offering guarantees has tight- mood described by two Financial Times reporters: "[East ened its criteria. Now, only firms with a viable business Germans] may have voted for the 'cold shower' route to plan and a reasonable chance of survival will receive state the market economy, but they were damned if they were assistance. Such strictness, of course, will hasten the col- going to look happy about it." Many East Germans, of lapse of many firms and increase unemployment further. course, took some time to realize just how cold a shower Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 4 No. 123 they had voted for. What they heard described by Kohl purchasing automobiles, clothing, furniture, and basic and others in campaign speeches last March was appliances, for example). something more akin to utopia than to shock treatment. As with West German concerns regarding tax hikes, Now, East Germans are face-to-face with large-scale however, East German anxieties quickly can be exagger- unemployment. Pensioners on fixed incomes worry that ated. Far less often cited than unemployment statistics is the replacement of all food, rent, and transportation the fact that more than 100,000 new private businesses subsidies with market prices by early 1991 will force them were registered in East Germany in the first half of 1990 to live below the subsistence level. Other East Germans (before economic union even took place). At the same fear becoming the new poor of a united Germany, and time, about 70 percent of existing East German enterprises believe that they will receive fewer social security are given a realistic chance of survival in a free-market en- benefits than they are accustomed to. And many resent vironment, albeit with streamlined work forces. In com- that their country has become the target of West German parison with prospects for a quick economic transition in speculators, who they believe will soon own the majority Czechoslovakia, Hungary, or Poland, East Germany's of property and productive capacity. situation is rosy. Its people now have hard currency to Such East German concerns are not groundless. spend and plenty to buy with it. And they are protected by Those who keep their jobs will make less, initially, than a social safety net known for keeping even its sorriest the average West German worker (see Figure 1), which in cases above water. a situation of rising consumer prices will leave East Germans feeling disadvantaged. Only two weeks after the Economic Union and currency union, prices in East Germany for most basic the December Elections food products and consumer goods equaled or exceeded Two questions will be crucial in determining the levels in West Germany. East German retirees initially outcome of the first all-German elections in almost fifty will not have the pension income needed to support even a years, scheduled for December 2. First, do Germans take basic existence (see Figure 1), and will deplete at least part the long view or the short view of their country's of their savings. Though the pension system can be economic situation? Second, to what extent will the expected to correct for price increases, this will occur with economics of unification be a factor in voters' choices? some delay. Discretionary buying power for most East It is a safe bet that the economic chaos in East Germans will remain severely restricted until pay rates Germany will get worse before it gets better, and that East begin to rise and East Germans correct some of the more Germany will be a liability before it can become an asset basic shortcomings in their standard of living (by to a unified German economy. It is an equally safe bet that Figure 1: East German Income Expectations Average Monthly Income in DM, July 1990 East Germany West Germany 2500 2370 2000 1470 1500 1180 1035 1000 640 500 410 0 Unemployment Checks Wages Pensions Source: Hudson calculations based on official statistics August 24, 1990 Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 5 unification ultimately will lead to a period of unprece- approach gained no credibility, since its consequence dented economic growth and prosperity for all of almost certainly would have been a continued massive Germany. The time horizon of German voters therefore is migration of East Germans to the West - a prospect that crucial. Both major political parties are betting that the worried West Germans even more than a fast, expensive short-term perspective will win out. For Chancellor Kohl unification scheme. Moreover, the SPD will be hard and his Christian Democrats (CDU), the further the pressed to criticize the speed of unification to win West elections are held from the "burp" - the point of German voters, since doing so would risk alienating East maximum discomfort in the swallowing of the East Germans. German economy - the better. For the opposition Social Unification policies are likely to be somewhat more Democrats (SPD) and their Chancellor-Candidate, Oskar important in the behavior of East German voters, though Lafontaine, the more economic pain voters are feeling at still not decisive, given the timing of the elections. The election time, the better. remarkable victory of the East German CDU, in the coun- If the major parties' assessment of voter perspectives try's first free elections last March, contradicted political holds true, then December 2 should be slightly more traditions in the region (which favored the SPD) and favorable to the CDU and its coalition partner, the FDP defied the predictions of most pollsters. East Germany's (see Figure 2 on page 6 for current projection). Even if vote for the CDU was a vote - often based on last-minute new taxes become necessary, Kohl should be able to hold decisions at the polling place - for the shortest perceived off announcing them - and disturbing West German route to prosperity, one that led through Bonn and enlisted voters - until 1991. For East Germans, the most difficult Chancellor Kohl's CDU in opening West German purse economic times also are not likely to be reached until strings. early 1991. Rent subsidies will be lifted then, raising In other words, many East Germans in March were monthly living costs significantly. Also by the first of the classic single-issue voters who put aside tradition, senti- year, pre-unification orders from East Germany's bread- ment and a more comprehensive view of party programs and-butter clients in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to. achieve a single desired outcome: in this case, will have been fulfilled, removing the last cushion from economic parity with West Germany. As single-issue enterprises facing massive restructuring.² Until a new voters, the East Germans should not be expected to display equilibrium in trade with the East is found, many of the unwavering loyalty to the CDU, especially if their more than 500,000 jobs linked to Soviet orders could be prospects for quick prosperity appear to dim.⁴ In Decem- lost, sending East German unemployment to its peak in ber, however, most East Germans probably will still 1991. blame their economic difficulties not on Chancellor Kohl Lafontaine is on record as calling the July 1 currency and his experienced Cabinet, but on forty years of union "a mistake," for the primary reason that it will cause communist rule or, at worst, on the amateurism of the massive unemployment. This stance was criticized both caretaker government they elected last March. outside and inside the SPD as unproductive obstruction- ism. Clearly, it is a gamble. Lafontaine's position could Challenges for the Germans backfire as evidence of more fundamental reservations Many observers are surprised that while Germany - about speedy unification, which would earn him no points especially West Germany - is unusually well endowed with most East Germans. On the other hand, if the pain of with the means to make unification a reality, it seems currency union exceeds current predictions, Lafontaine strangely lacking in the will. This is less surprising if one may be in a unique position to profit from saying "I told considers that the fundamental challenge of Germany's you so." economic merger, as described by Professor Arthur In the end, with all-German elections held already on Stahnke at Hudson Institute's recent conference, is "the December 2, the economics of unification may not be the combination of epic change and people thinking in critical factor that many politicians expect them to be.³ ordinary terms." Thinking in ordinary terms - with a Among West German voters, this is because no alternative short-term perspective, focused on personal circum- is seen to the unification policies Kohl has pursued. Wide- stances, and resistant to new ways of solving problems - spread anxiety provably will not be translated into an anti- is how most of us confront our daily lives. The Germans CDU backlash, because the SPD never advanced a com- are no exception. Their natural impulse is to view prehensive alternative approach to currency union or the unification through their pocketbooks and from their financing of East German reconstruction. Indeed, most of figurative front porches, not always realizing that they are the SPD leadership supported Kohl's economic strategy now part of an "epic" economic and social experiment this year. Lafontaine was the exception, but his go-slow upon which their future prosperity and stability depend. Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 6 No. 123 Figure 2: Political Preferences in Unified Germany CDU/CSU/DSU - (if national election held tomorrow) 44.2% Republikaner - 1% FDP - 8.3% SPD - 36.5% PDS 3% Greens - 7% Hudson estimate Several factors are important in determining how the people acquiesced but took their non-participation to an Germans will fare. extreme - focusing their energy and creativity on their It will be crucial, first of all, that the German people vegetable gardens or their grey-market freelancing in the overcome certain aspects of the socialization they experi- service sector, in an effort to compensate for the drudgery enced as citizens of very different German states, which and low pay of their official jobs. In short, the East now hinder their coming together in one state. Germans expected everything and nothing from authority. West Germans, for example, to a degree found in few Confronted now with unification, the East Germans must other societies, have defined the quality of their nation by begin to trust that their "real" jobs are the route to survival its ability to deliver increasing personal prosperity and and that their productivity on those jobs is crucial. At the increasing leisure time. Perhaps appalled by Germany's same time, they must learn that the prosperity they covet past pursuit of national goals, West Germans now focus in West Germany was not the gift of a better central most of their attention on their own well-being. This authority but the result of a better social contract: one in tendency is not easy to quantify, but it is visible to even the which patience, hard work, and participation have a casual observer. With generous incomes, more time off reasonable chance of being rewarded. than any work force in the world, and a social system that A united Germany's ability to overcome such sociali- absolves them of almost any responsibility for charity or zation problems is closely linked to the kind of inspiration volunteerism, the Germans are virtually unconstrained in it receives from its leaders. Thus far, no political figure or their pursuit of material goods, long vacations, and the party platform has succeeded in creating a sense of good life. To the extent that any of this is threatened, even mission among the Germans, one that could bind East and temporarily, unification comes as a rude shock. It is the West Germans together to expect and accept temporary ultimate national -- rather than personal -- mission and is sacrifices and delays in the pursuit of an ultimate boom. equated with sacrifice. The likelihood that unification will Kohl and the CDU fired East Germans up in the lead to even greater prosperity is easily obscured. March election campaign, only to send them plummeting East Germans also have a peculiar view of national again in April with rhetoric designed to reduce expecta- undertakings, though for different reasons. Saddled for tions and reassure West Germans that not too much had forty years with a government they did not trust and one been promised. Since then, Kohl's personal enthusiasm that delivered neither prosperity nor personal freedom, the for unification has grown steadily, but the response from East Germans also retreated inward. The East German him and his coalition partners to the problems of economic "niche society," as it was sometimes called, was a peculiar union is more often to deny them than to cast them as bargain. The state claimed sole responsibility for major exciting, conquerable challenges. Even West German decisions, from broad economic strategy down to the President Richard von Weizsäcker, who on other issues allocation of university spaces and jobs. The East German has spoken with the most eloquent and morally persuasive August 24, 1990 Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 7 voice in German politics, has done almost nothing to economic environment must be created in East Germany soothe the anxieties surrounding unification. Lafontaine that will attract the most investment (especially from West and part of the West German SPD, stunned by their March Germany) and overcome forty years of socialism in the defeat in East Germany, reacted by carving out a "You'll least time, while maintaining optimism and stability be sorry" line towards East German voters and playing on among the East German population. The first set of goals cost-of-unity anxieties in the West. More recently, may be directly contradicted by politically attractive Lafontaine has remained preoccupied with pointing out choices that maximize the second set of goals. problems raised by unification, rather than with finding It helps to envision a continuum, where East Ger- creative solutions to overcome them. many's maximum attractiveness to outside investment Perhaps it is unfair to criticize Germans for shying and most rapid transition to economic viability on one end away from campaigns to pump up national enthusiasm, (meaning low wage rates and unrestrictive labor laws) is given their history. The German people have learned to associated with significant disparities in wealth and the play down such enthusiasm to reassure outsiders. Ulti- continuing emigration of East Germans to the West. On mately, however, outsiders may be more disconcerted by a the other end of this continuum, rigid employment German people who appear unwilling to make sacrifices guarantees in East Germany (such as a wage parity with in the pursuit of a greater good. Such a people, after all, West Germany, high levels of unemployment insurance would be less likely to overcome tensions among and/or a constitutional right to work) would keep East themselves. In a more practical sense, German anxieties Germans in place and ease their sense of second-class over unification easily could become self-fulfilling if status, but could lead to hesitation among investors and an allowed to persist unchecked. expensive, drawn-out transition from state socialism. The emergence of leadership for a new Germany Germany's treaty on economic union staked out a probably will occur only as quickly as the country's politi- viable middle position on this continuum. The 1:1 conver- cal parties adjust to their new constituencies. The major sion of East German wages (which average just under half political parties common to both East and West Germany of the average West German wage) is somewhat generous (the CDU, SPD, the Liberal party [FDP], and the Greens) to the East German labor force with regards to its produc- will unify this fall, but their internal adjustments could tivity (estimated at between one-third and one-half of take much longer. Ideological compatibility cannot West German levels). The treaty applies key provisions of always overcome competing interests, and for several West German labor law to East German workers, years the interests of the East German people - - seeking including protection against dismissal, but does not set transfers of wealth from West Germany and other rapid guidelines for wage levels or accept the right to work steps to overcome their economic backwardness - will guaranteed under the East German constitution. It compete with the desire of many West Germans to guard establishes unemployment benefits for East German their own prosperity. It will be difficult for a truly national workers, but sets them at a percentage of the last wage leader to emerge, since by the accident of birth politicians earned, thus making unemployment checks relatively will be more familiar with and thus more adept at unattractive as an alternative to paychecks. representing the interests of either East or West German Finally, Germany's economic unification creates constituents. international challenges as well. The thought of German Economic unification is readily seen as a zero-sum armies on the move may evoke fears among other Europe- game, in which East Germany's gain is West Germany's ans, particularly those of the World War II generation. loss, and every West German owner of land or a business The chances of history repeating itself in the form of is one less East German owner. As a West German German military aggression are slim to none, however. newspaper columnist recently wrote, "The longer the Far more immediate for many Europeans is the question of impression persists, that we [West Germans] have to cover Germany's economic role on the Continent. As the for die da drüben [them over there]. the more the wealthiest country in Europe and the country positioned at readiness of West Germans to make sacrifices will sink." the Continent's East-West crossroads, Germany faces a The German political parties will be challenged to unite variety of sometimes conflicting economic pressures. their followers in both parts of Germany behind policies The West European countries need Germany's full that transcend rather than exacerbate this East-West participation in realizing the European Community's inte- division, now based on economic rather than political gration goals. At the same time, they fear that an enlarged differences. Germany may use the EC as a vehicle for asserting eco- A related challenge involves the management of eco- nomic hegemony over its neighbors - dictating stan- nomic recovery in East Germany more generally. An dards, regulations, subsidies, interest rates, and the like Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 8 No. 123 from a position of disproportionate strength. Similarly, the homogeneous, highly productive, competitively tested reforming East European states seek to expand a historic and - in many sectors - almost fully employed work reliance on Germany as their chief Western trade and force. Emphasizing welfare mechanisms over the market investment partner, without allowing Germany to dictate could be a formula for disaster in a new Germany where the terms of such cooperation. job creation, infrastructure modernization, and intense The addition of East Germany complicates both the international competition are the key challenges.⁷ West and East European equations. Other EC members The slower growth of the welfare state will challenge fear that by virtue of its economic backwardness, East precedent in both East and West Germany but probably Germany could become a recipient of various EC will be necessary for Germany to succeed. East Ger- subsidies - particularly in agriculture - diluting many's economic recovery will be successful in direct Germany's position as the largest contributor to Commu- proportion to the pace of job creation in the region, which nity funds. The East European countries worry that in turn depends on workers' initial acceptance of wages economic chaos in East Germany and the region's and employment guarantees less generous than those pre- overnight transformation to capitalism will nullify their vailing in West Germany. Given the choice between un- sales contracts with East German firms. 6 With consider- employment compensation based on their low, pre- able justification, they fear that East German consumers unification wage levels, and jobs that pay less than the now armed with Deutsche Marks will favor high-quality West German average, most East German workers will Western goods over items from Eastern Europe. opt for jobs. Their power at the negotiating table will grow only as fast as their productivity, which probably will not Germany After the Headlines approach Western levels in all sectors until the mid-1990s. How Germany responds to the challenges created by economic unification will determine its character well, Thus far, no political figure or party into the 21st century. It is something of a cop-out to argue, as many West Germans do, that a unified Germany will be platform has succeeded in creating a no more than an expanded version of their own Federal sense of mission that could bind Republic. That message is certainly reassuring - given West Germany's history as a stable, responsible democ- East and West Germans together to racy - and there are no grounds to suspect that Kohl and expect and accept temporary sacrifices his governing coalition intend to dismantle the very insti- tutions and mechanisms that brought power to themselves in the pursuit of an ultimate boom. and prosperity to their country. Seen proportionately, however, German unification In the interim, the existence of cheaper, East German can be compared to the overnight addition of 50 million labor probably will keep-wage demands in Germany as a new citizens to the United States, along with an underde- whole in check. Unification and a universal thirty-five- veloped land area one-third the size of existing U.S. terri- hour work week in Germany also may not be compatible tory. While such growth might not topple capitalism or the for a decade or more, a much longer timetable than American system of government, it would cause funda- German labor unions now hope for. At the same time, the mental shifts in investment priorities, demographics, for- budgetary burden of unemployment payments to laid-off eign policy goals, and national self-image in the U.S. The East Germans, and the enormous cost to build a modern changes in Germany will be no less significant. Several infrastructure in East Germany, will lead politicians as likely developments, which follow from Germany's eco- well as taxpayers to think twice about further expanding nomic union, deserve particular attention. the country's expensive social safety net. Finally, as I will describe below, divisions among the political left in A Tilt to the Market Germany can be expected to grow worse in the coming First, West Germany's peculiar "social market econ- years before they begin to heal - thus weakening the omy" may tilt more to the market and less to the social end political front favoring greater state intervention. of that dichotomy. Essentially a free market that supports Such downward pressures on the growth of the an enormous social safety net, the social market economy welfare state, and the availability of a cheaper labor force, is not a gift that can be given to East Germany overnight should fuel German growth to a degree not seen since the and it is not a formula for the region's recovery. It heyday of West Germany's "economic miracle" in the describes conditions as they have evolved in West 1960s. Internationally, Germany will be a leaner, meaner Germany over several decades of prosperity, with a competitor than it is now. August 24, 1990 Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 9 Greater Regional Power likely to be painful and protracted, particularly in At the same time, unification almost certainly will Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. By the increase regional power in Germany. West Germany's late 1990s, the unemployed of those countries could federal system already defers significant fiscal and legal appear in record numbers as the new guest workers and authority to the Länder. In a unified Germany, where pending citizens of a united Germany. Because of their regional economic differences initially will be great, geographic mobility, their initial willingness to accept strong state parliaments and local lobbies will be needed lower wages, and their solid educations, East European to compete for federal monies and for private investment resettlers may be less of a burden to the German social resources. Programs in the West German states of Baden- system than the country's existing core of long-term, Württemberg and Bavaria to promote high-tech growth structurally unemployed workers who resist relocation or deserve to be emulated by savvy leaders in the new East retraining. 10 German states, in their efforts to leapfrog to the highest East Europeans may be joined by immigrants from level of development. Algeria, Egypt and Morocco as well. Demographic pro- The economic power of individual German cities also jections indicate that a labor surplus of about 4 million should increase as a result of unification. A string of West young Arabs a year is likely in the 1990s, many of whom and East German cities near the former intra-German will be drawn to a prosperous European Community and border - relegated for forty years to the peripheries of its powerful German core. their respective countries - now find themselves at the Immigration to Germany has international signifi- center of a unified Germany and are reestablishing cance for at least two reasons. Eventually, it could signal traditional connections. Smaller cities such as Braun- a heightened competition between Germany and the U.S. schweig, Kassel, Hof and Plauen will become important (which is slowly beginning to realize the economic impor- East-West and North-South transportation and commer- tance of increasing immigration quotas) for the most tal- cial hubs, while Hamburg and Hannover - already ented young workers and technicians of the world. More thriving metropolitan areas - will regain their traditional importantly, it presents the surest test of Germany's com- "Hinterlands," from which to draw talent and supplies. mitment to international integration and ethnic tolerance. The relocation of the German capital to Berlin, far Even under the best economic circumstances, social ten- from further centralizing power in the country, probably sions will be created in Germany - as in the rest of will lead other powerful West German cities -- notably Western Europe - by a new influx of foreign workers. Munich, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, and Hamburg -- to redouble Economic downturns could strengthen the hand of ex- their efforts at business development and the pursuit of tremist political groups that seek national purity and local and regional political agendas. complain about competition for jobs. More Immigration The Rise of Economics on the Political Agenda A third important change brought on by unification On both the left and the right, economic issues will and Germany's growing economic power will be an in- become relatively more important in Germany's political crease in immigration to the country. By the middle of this life than they were in the past. The easing of Cold War decade, most of the East German population will have tensions, the partial withdrawal of U.S. and Soviet troops been accommodated in stable jobs and the region's infra- from Germany, and the consensus that seems to exist structure projects will be in full swing. Then, the regarding the size of Germany's own armed forces should combination of shorter work weeks achieved by West make security issues in the country far less contentious in German labor unions in the 1980s, and low birth rates the coming years. At the same time, however, the since the 1970s, could mean a serious shortage of skilled problems of East Germany's economic recovery - labor. A fully-employed Germany will need the immigra- especially the relative backwardness of its people in tion that it has tried to discourage since the 1980s,⁸ when comparison with West Germans - the slower expansion automation and other capital improvements spurred West of the welfare state that has been suggested here, the Germany's modest growth. increase in immigration to Germany, and the enormous To alleviate this shortage, Germany will need to problems of environmental cleanup in East Germany will better educate the children of Mediterranean immigrants create much grist for the rhetorical mills of German who already live in the country9 and encourage vocational parties and politicians seeking a new or larger profile. training for new arrivals. Germany also may think twice Political dissidence on the left in a unified Germany before attempting to turn away immigrants from Eastern probably will be rooted to an increasing extent in critiques Europe. The region's recovery from central planning is of capitalism. To the ranks of those who find unbridled Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 10 No. 123 market mechanisms objectionable, East Germany will expected to achieve scattered success in local elections, contribute two groups. and Gysi can be expected to remain in the public eye by First, many of the revolutionaries who led the sheer force of personality. country's uprising against the Erich Honecker regime in For the foreseeable future, however, the presence of 1989 were not seeking quick unification and the adoption the PDS will divide the German left even more than it of West German economic norms. Instead, they believed already is. The PDS can be expected to draw votes away that they could reshape their German Democratic Repub- from the Greens and other "alternative" parties in Ger- lic by following a third way between Stalinism and many, and perhaps even from the increasingly disaffected capitalism. This group of mostly Protestant Church-based far left of the SPD, but it will remain unacceptable as a intellectuals was relegated to the sidelines during the coalition partner for the other parties by virtue of its status unification process, but will remain a source of dissent in as the successor to East Germany's communists. the new Germany. Already, they lead the criticism of a On the far right, since the restoration of a united perceived West German capitalist buyout, which they say Germany has been "lost" as a political issue, economics will leave East Germans with less control over their own also can be expected to come to the fore. In the case of the destinies than they had under the old regime. In some neo-Nazi movement, this could take the form of fixing cases, East Germany's dissidents will feel comfortable blame for the economic problems of unification on for- with the agenda of the Greens, and could breathe new eigners, Jews and intellectuals. Most analysts, however, vigor into a party that has been decimated by internal strife believe that the neo-Nazi movement, which is strongest for several years. The East German left also could find among East German youth, is rooted in social tension left growing support among the West German educational and over from East German communism and has almost no media elite - especially if economic unification proves potential to evolve into a large force. more painful than promised by the conservatives. The Republikaner party, which in 1989 seemed on the The remnants of East Germany's Communist Party, verge of gaining access to the Bundestag via its nationalist now called the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), also agenda, now is fighting to survive. The party might find will retain some significance in a unified Germany. The support among some West Germans by criticizing the cost PDS may have difficulty winning seats in an all-German and mismanagement of unification, and could play on parliament, given the requirement that parties get 5 anti-foreigner sentiments that are fairly widespread in percent of the vote to be seated in the Bundestag. Still, East Germany, but - ironically given its past agenda - PDS leader Gregor Gysi is one of the most charismatic will have difficulty finding a truly national set of issues on new entrants on the German political scene in many years, which to base a run for power. and the party showed pockets of strength - particularly in Berlin - in the East German elections. The PDS may Greater Connections to the East continue to find support among the relatively small group Even before the thaw of 1989, West Germany was the primary Western trading partner of the Soviet Union and most of Europe's other centrally planned economies. Downward pressures on the growth of Now, the new German economy is absorbing East German the welfare state, and the availability of firms with extensive commitments and historical ties to a cheaper labor force, should fuel the East. In this decade and well into the 21st century, a united Germany will play a role in the Soviet Union and its German growth to a degree not seen former empire not unlike America's role in Western since the heyday of West Germany's Europe after World War II: providing the majority of outside investment in industrial and agricultural capacity "economic miracle" in the 1960s. and serving as the primary market for the resulting products. of East Germans who believe that communism went In a fascinating interview with an East German news- wrong in East Germany because of individuals who paper, Vyacheslav Dashitchev, one of Mikhail Gor- corrupted its mission, and who will remain forever bachev's two key advisors on Germany, characterized appalled by the country's capitalist merger. At the same German unification as beneficial to the Soviet Union. It time, Gysi is nearly worshipped by some West Germans gives the Soviet Union "the chance to again become on the far left, who feel left in the cold either by the integrated in European civilization," Dashitchev said, collapse of communism or by accommodationist tenden- implying that Germany would assume its past role as an cies in the Greens movement. In sum, the PDS can be economic and cultural bridge between Russia and the August 24, 1990 Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 11 West. East German Prime Minister Lothar De Maiziere but its leadership position in the EC almost certainly will reflected significant support in Germany for the bridge be strengthened. Some argue that German leadership will role when he backed moving the German capital to Berlin not translate into domination of the Community, since by saying that a unified Germany will need to become Germany's freedom of action is limited by the myriad EC "more eastern." The midpoint between Warsaw and Paris mechanisms to which it already has subordinated its own "is not Bonn but Berlin," De Maiziere said. laws. The momentum of European integration, one EC While seeking German investment, the Soviets also optimist argues, gives the Community - as "the corner- can be expected to rely, to the extent possible given stone of the new Europe" - greater leverage on the NATO export guidelines and their own hard-currency unification process than even the Four Powers. 11 limitations, on purchases of technology and technical Such arguments may overstate the EC's ability to assistance from Germany. Indications are strong that the influence specific aspects of unification or to minimize Russians and Germans may even cooperate in the creation Germany's domination of the Community. With the of a German-speaking oblasť [province] in the Russian strongest currency in Europe, the most powerful firms, the Republic. The Kaliningrad Oblast', a small section of the largest investment resources and the largest market, Russian Republic between Lithuania and Poland, still is Germany will be in a position to make European home to a German minority population. If plans blessed by integration virtually synonymous with its own concep- Gorbachev and Kohl are realized, the oblasť could draw tions. In the end, however, Germany may not need a ethnic Germans from throughout the Soviet Union into a policeman. Because of its position as the largest exporter special economic zone. in the EC, Germany will have a strong vested interest in The German economy is nothing if not highly diversi- forging a consensus on European integration that keeps its fied in its international relationships. Thus, the danger of established markets wide open. German dependency on trade with the Soviet Union and a major political tilt is small. Still, by virtue of its increased Greater Competition for German Investment stake in Russian and East European economic perform- Germany's public and private resources, which are ance, Germany will be intolerant of Western policies that considerable, will be stretched thin in the coming years as isolate those countries, such as high-tech export controls it seeks to fund the recovery of East Germany, expand or exclusion from international economic bodies. West industrial capacity throughout the country, act as a cur- Germany's desire to support perestroika is longstanding, rency stabilizer in Western Europe, assist recovery efforts and a unified Germany can be expected to serve as in Eastern Europe and increase its private investment Moscow's chief Western lobbyist for economic assis- throughout Europe. Some potential targets of German tance. The recent Soviet-German accord notwithstanding, investment feel that this list is too long, and that they will Germany's economic stake in the East also is bound to lose out. increase pressures - both inside Germany and from the In the Mediterranean tier of the EC, for example, the Soviet Union - to scale back its role in NATO. Spanish fear that the convergence of Spanish wage rates with those in the rest of Europe, along with Germany's Leadership in the European Community greater cultural affinity with Eastern Europe, will spell the Germany's commitment to the EC's 1992 integration end of Spain's popularity as a German investment target. process should not be doubted, but its sheer economic East Europeans, for their part, often believe that they will weight will increase the pressure for conformity in the rest not be able to compete with East Germany as a business of Europe. site for German firms contemplating expansion. In the immediate wake of unification, since East Such concerns may or may not be justified. German Germany becomes an immediate part of the Community, unification and the retreat of the Soviet Empire in Eastern Germany's poorer half will receive financial assistance Europe simply will mean that firms and countries are from the EC - in the form of agricultural subsidies, for evaluated, more than ever, on their economic merits and example. The bill for East Germany's entry into the EC is political stability when decisions are made regarding both estimated at about $2 billion annually through 1993, private investment and public aid. No longer will Turkey, though part of that amount will be offset by increased tax for example, be guaranteed aid simply because of its receipts, and West Germany has promised to pay as much military significance in proximity to the Soviet Union. No as 80 percent of the cost itself. longer - assuming Eastern Europe's economic transition Germany has indicated that it does not intend to seek goes well - will countries such as Greece, Ireland, and increased representation in the European Parliament and Portugal be the only low-wage, free-market investment on the EC's Council of Ministers as a result of unification, sites in Europe. Hudson Institute Briefing Paper Page 12 No. 123 A poll by the leading West German business journal Germany is an improvement even on the Federal found that well over half of German business leaders view Republic, and on other Germanys past. East Germany as better or equally good, when compared NOTES with low-wage countries of the EC, as a place to locate "The newsmagazine Der Spiegel has bannered the imminent eco- operations. Czechoslovakia and Hungary also equal or nomic collapse of East Germany on at least three occasions since the opening of the Berlin Wall. exceed the attractiveness of poorer EC countries in the 2While the Soviet and East European markets will continue to be minds of German executives. Still, the advantages to Ger- very important, they will be more selective in buying from East German man firms of doing business inside the EC increase as enterprises that are seeking payment for their goods in hard currency. integration progresses. West Germany's investment in ³Länder elections earlier this year in Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia were an early test of this thesis. The CDU lost 300,000 other EC countries doubled from 1988 to 1989, to DM votes compared to its previous showing in Lower Saxony, and picked up 12.3 billion. Though similar growth is unlikely in the next only 60,000 new voters in North Rhine-Westphalia. Such small shifts in- several years, neither is a significant downturn to be ex- dicate that unification issues played a minor role. The CDU gained little pected as a result of German preoccupation with East from Kohl's claim to be "unification chancellor" and the SPD gained little from early doubts about Kohl's policies on monetary union. Germany or any new fascination with Eastern Europe. The The East Germans' fickle attitude was evident only a few days after bottom line is that competition for German investment the March elections, when Kohl appeared to equivocate on the exchange will be fierce. of East German Marks at parity. Around dinner tables in Saxony, I heard the play on words that "Kohl hat uns ordentlich verkohlt" [Kohl really pulled one over on us]. Conclusion ⁵As early as his election-night speech to party faithful in East Berlin, The many probable changes in Germany discussed which I witnessed, honorary SPD Chairman Willy Brandt adopted "wir here combine to signal the most fundamental difference werden sehen" [we'll see about that] as a response to the CDU's early between West Germany and a united Germany. The new economic optimism. ⁶Hungary already indicated that it will seek DM 500 million in country will be a superpower: the strongest economic damages from East Germany, for its cancellation of several contracts with force on the Eurasian continent and a country with Hungarian firms. growing political power to match. Fortunately, Germany ⁷The case for a greater market orientation in West Germany was also will be a democracy - one with significant internal being made even before unification, in the context of improving the country's attractiveness to foreign companies. transitions to face but a proven democracy nevertheless. "West Germany is offering its Turkish residents DM 10,000 to leave As any superpower, Germany will be needed and the country. praised by some nations, resented and criticized by others. ⁹At the end of 1989, West Germany was home to almost 5 million foreigners, about 7.7 percent of the total West German population. At the As Germany, however, it will bear a particular historical same time, about 190,000 foreigners resided in East Germany, only 1.2 burden in making the transition to world-power status. percent of the East German population. Former British Trade Secretary Nicholas Ridley's recent ¹⁰West German labor authorities listed more than 300,000 job va- rhetoric will be repeated in other contexts, implying that cancies in May 1990. When contrasted with West Germany's relatively high unemployment rate, this indicates that lagging structural adjustments that by being German and being successful, Germany is and geographic immobility are serious problems, more so than immigra- bent on taking over. Germany's ability to react to such tion or a labor surplus. criticism by quietly disproving it, rather than retreating to "Peter Ludlow, "German Unification and European Unity," Work- a wounded self-righteousness, will indicate that a united ing Document No. 49 (Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, 1990), p. 9. Hudson Institute Non-Profit Herman Kahn Center Organization U.S. P.O. Box 26-919 Postage PAID Indianapolis, Indiana 46226 Permit No. 7968 Indianapolis, IN DIGIT 20500 THE HON. DAVID F. DEMAREST JR. ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR COMMUNICATIONS THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON DD 20500 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON October 2, 1990 MEMORANDUM FOR MARK DAVIS FROM: JOHN P. SCHMITZ DEPUTY COUNSEL JRS TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: German/American Speech Draft Great draft; thanks for sending it to me. Here are my comments -- I am sorry I did not get them to you earlier, but as you can see from your staffing sheet neither Boyden nor I were copied on it. 1) If you or others like the "closed book/reopened book" metaphor we spoke about yesterday on the phone, it would seem best used as transition between paras. 4 & 5 on page 1. 2) You should know that the German School 1st grade class (not choir) consists not only of German children but also German- American and just plain American children. One child's father (a Navy doctor) is currently serving in the Persian Gulf. I have made appropriate corrections on the draft. (pp. 1 & 4) I have also drafted a few paragraphs (attached) expanding on this "German-American" angle. Please use as much or as little you think fit the message of the day. I would think is fits best at the end of the speech, where you talk about the future (p. 4) 3) I like your list of German-American cities. Maybe the President might also like to note one of the largest German- American subgroups: German-Texan Americans. For example, insert at the end of the second paragraph on p. 2: "I am proud to say that my home state Texas has one of the oldest and largest German American communities. In fact, as my good friend and fellow Texan Chase Untermeyer reminded me, German Americans founded the Republican party in Texas shortly after the Civil War. " CC: Andy Card Dave Demarest Jim Cicconi Chriss Winston Jim Pinkerton Bob Hutchings Sichan Siv Kathy Jeavons Although few Presidents can pass up being photographed with a group of beautiful small children that was not the reason I invited Mrs. Dalal's (DA LAL) class of 6, 7, & 8 year olds to the White House. They certainly performed well and have even managed to remain seated and attentive throughout my speech (that's one reason I like to go first) but I see so much more in these faces. I see the future and it is at once very hopeful and promising. I understand that although we call it the German School, half the children are German-Americans. The parents of these children are teachers, homemakers, scientists, writers, diplomats, and lawyers. Many have served in the U.S. military and one doctor is presently on active duty serving in the Persian Gulf. These are not the struggling German immigrants of the past but are today's German-Americans who will no doubt contribute to our future just as mightily as their ancestors in the past. Whether American or German, each is helping to build society, not least by raising their children thoughtfully and gently, without the prejudices of the past. It is remarkable to see the innocent, natural way these children have bridged cultural gaps and sought common ground to form longlasting friendships, not overlooking, but accepting differences, as only children can do with the grace of innocence. [All of these children are fluent in English and German, though I hear they prefer English on the playground.] [Friendships formed in nursery school before some children even knew German or English were based on playing dress-up, riding bikes, children's games and a genuine joy and appreciation of each other as human beings. They didn't emphasize how they were different, but although we see the children dressed in traditional attire, inside they represent the diversity, intellectual free spirit, strength of character, cooperation, friendship and hopefulness of the future.] Over the next few years a United Germany and a changing world will inevitably encounter difficult and challenging times. We need to always remember to strive for higher goals, respect, trust cooperation, and longlasting friendship, goals the United States and Germany have shared for years and which are embodied by these very young and capable children, both American and German. German Americans have made tremendous contributions to American culture. As the children sang "Brother come dance with me. Both hands I extend to you. " We will continue to extend both our hands to our German partners in leadership during this joyous and critical point in history. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PM 1: 58 Date: September 28, 1990 Draft: Two PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the German Schools Children Choir. 1st Gade class. On this in very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- a message I would like to share with you. closed book (respened book metaphor here? For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. [I am proud to say that my home state of Texas has one M'He The 60 million American sons and daughters of these oldecticommuneto German of Gerna pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - Amender on too - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other as my good struggling to be free. friend and fill Texas After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We reminds me Germs remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper Founded America M Republican Par editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this n Te Shorty after same German immigrant who helped America establish our most the Curtnas cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. 111 When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. 111 And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. III 3 And 16 we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt and Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)), the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. 111 Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. 111 That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. INSERT (German Schent) Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation, German, some German-Ameur some plain America Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see American friendship) the future of new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # Document No. 178559 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 90 OCT 2 P2: 59 10/2/90 DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICAN DAY CELEBRATION THE ROSE GARDEN SUBJECT: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1990 11:10 am ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU 1" NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN ROGICH CARD UNTERMEYER CICCONI ROGERS DEMAREST WINSTON PINKERTON FITZWATER FIRESTONE GRAY HAGIN HOLIDAY REMARKS: The attached has been forwarded to the President. RESPONSE: James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 top 10/2 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON 90 OCT -1 PM 9: 29 October 1, 1990 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT THROUGH: CHRISS WINSTON and FROM: MARK DAVIS MD SUBJECT: GERMAN-AMERICAN DAY CELEBRATION On Wednesday, October 3, at 11:10 a.m., you will address 200 attendees in the Rose Garden, at a celebration of German-American Day. Your remarks, approximately 6-8 minutes in length, will be on cards. Davis/Blymire Title: German Date: October 1, 1990 Draft: Three PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.) And let me especially thank the children of the German School Children's Choir. On this very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans. Even as we meet here in the Rose Garden, Germans are celebrating their new unity from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the hills of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- sentiments I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania -- inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies -- one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. III And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. III 3 And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. The Cold War is at long last over.\\\ This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." Over the decades, Adenauer's vision of a friendship between Germany and the United States, between Germany and the free peoples of the world has been realized. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, and, of course Helmut Kohl. This day has come because in 1989, the people of Germany stood their ground for freedom. III The United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. 4 This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. 11 Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. 111 This is my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with more than seventy heads of state. We discussed many critical issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. GERMAN-AMERICANS \ THE ROSE GARDEN OCTOBER 3, 1990 \ 11:10 P. M. AMBASSADOR RUHFUS [[RuFus]], BRUCE GELB, ELLSBETH SEEWALD, ADALBERT THEUNE [[TOY-NAH]], HELMUT KRUGER AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS -- WELCOME TO THE WHITE HOUSE. I THANK THE GERMAN ARMY BAND FOR THEIR STIRRING RENDITION OF OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM. AND, OF COURSE, THIS EVENT IS ALL THE RICHER FOR THE PRESENCE OF THE CHILDREN OF THE GERMAN SCHOOL. ON THIS VERY SPECIAL DAY, THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA SEND THEIR HEARTIEST CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL GERMANS. - 2 - EVEN AS WE MEET HERE IN THE ROSE GARDEN, GERMANS ARE CELEBRATING THEIR NEW UNITY FROM BERLIN TO BONN, FROM MUNICH TO BREMEN, FROM THE URBAN PLAZAS OF LEIPZIG TO THE GOLDEN VINEYARDS ALONG THE HILLS OF THE RHINE. THROUGHOUT THIS NEWLY UNITED NATION, GERMANS CELEBRATE A WONDERFUL MOMENT DELAYED FOR ALMOST HALF A CENTURY. AND AS PART OF THAT CELEBRATION, I'VE SENT A VIDEO ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF GERMANY -- SENTIMENTS I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU. - 3 - FOR 45 YEARS, AT THE HEART OF A DIVIDED CONTINENT LIVED A DIVIDED PEOPLE. A CRUEL WALL OF CONCRETE CUT NEIGHBOR FROM NEIGHBOR, HUSBAND FROM WIFE, CHILD FROM PARENT -- AND A NATION FROM ITSELF. ON THIS FAULT LINE OF THE EAST-WEST CONFLICT -- ONE PEOPLE SPLIT BETWEEN TWO WORLDS. As THE GERMAN PEOPLE SUFFERED THROUGH THIS LONG ORDEAL, AMERICANS WERE MORE -- MUCH MORE -- THAN SYMPATHETIC OBSERVERS. - 4 - AFTER ALL, WE ARE UNITED BY BONDS OF CULTURE THAT REACH BACK TO EARLY COLONIAL TIMES, WHEN GERMANS FIRST BECAME GERMAN-AMERICANS. AT THE INVITATION OF WILLIAM PENN, GERMANS ARRIVED IN AMERICA TO START A NEW LIFE. LIFE WAS HARD -- THEIR FIRST HOMES WERE CAVES HOLLOWED OUT OF THE GROUND -- BUT THEIR DETERMINATION WAS HARDER. THEY BUILT A COMMUNITY -- GERMANTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA -- INSPIRING MILLIONS MORE TO FOLLOW AND CONTINUE TO BUILD. - 5 - GERMAN-AMERICANS FOUNDED HAGERSTOWN AND FREDERICK, MARYLAND. MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. NEW BRAUNFELS, TEXAS. FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY -- BERLIN, WISCONSIN -- AND ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA. AND THEY WENT ON TO HELP BUILD SOME OF THE GREAT CITIES OF AMERICA -- PHILADELPHIA, CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS AND MILWAUKEE. - 6 - THE 60 MILLION AMERICAN SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF THESE GERMAN PIONEERS, LIKE ALL AMERICANS, FELT A DEEP TIE TO BOTH GERMANIES -- ONE A NEW DEMOCRACY IN THE HEART OF EUROPE, THE OTHER STRUGGLING To BE FREE. AFTER ALL, OUR OWN COUNTRY ONCE LIVED UNDER OPPRESSION. WE REMEMBER JOHN PETER ZENGER, A YOUNG GERMAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER EDITOR WHO DARED TO CHALLENGE AUTHORITY IN 1734. - 7 - AND IT WAS THIS SAME GERMAN IMMIGRANT WHO HELPED AMERICA ESTABLISH OUR MOST CHERISHED TRADITION -- FREEDOM OF SPEECH. So NOW, AMBASSADOR RUHFUS ((Rufus)), WHEN EAST GERMANS WERE PUNISHED FOR DISSENT, WE SHARED YOUR SPIRIT OF DEFIANCE. 111 WHEN GERMAN PEOPLE WERE SHOT FOR ATTEMPTING TO FLEE TO FREEDOM, WE SHARED YOUR OUTRAGE. III AND WHEN WEST GERMAN LEADERS DARED TO HOPE FOR A GERMANY UNITED IN FREEDOM, WE SHARED YOUR DREAM. III - 8 - AND so WE ARE HERE TODAY TO AFFIRM THAT SOMETIMES, DREAMS DO COME TRUE. GERMANY IS UNITED. GERMANY IS FREE. THE COLD WAR IS AT LONG LAST OVER.\\\ III THIS DAY WAS so CLEARLY ENVISIONED BY KONRAD ADENAUER, WHO SAID THAT A SOLUTION TO A DIVIDED GERMANY "IS ONLY POSSIBLE WITH THE HELP OF OUR FRIENDS." OVER THE DECADES, ADENAUER'S VISION OF A FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES, BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE FREE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN REALIZED. - 9 - THIS MOMENT HAS COME BECAUSE AMERICANS STOOD BY THE PEOPLE OF BERLIN -- FROM THE DAREDEVIL PILOTS OF THE AIRLIFT, TO A YOUNG PRESIDENT WHO MADE HIS BOLD DECLARATION BEFORE THE WALL. THIS MOMENT HAS ALSO COME BECAUSE OF THE DETERMINATION OF WEST GERMAN LEADERS TO MAKE GERMANY WHOLE AND FREE -- NOT ONLY ADENAUER BUT ALSO ERNST REUTER ((ROY-TER)), LUDWIG ERHARD, WILLY BRANDT, HELMUT SCHMIDT, AND, OF COURSE HELMUT KOHL. - 10 - THIS DAY HAS COME BECAUSE IN 1989, THE PEOPLE OF GERMANY STOOD THEIR GROUND FOR FREEDOM. III THE UNITED STATES IS PROUD TO HAVE JOINED YOUR COUNTRYMEN IN BUILDING THE FOUNDATIONS OF FREEDOM -- PROUD TO HAVE BEEN A STEADY PARTNER IN YOUR QUEST. AMERICA IS ALSO PROUD TO COUNT ITSELF AMONG THE FRIENDS AND ALLIES OF A FREE GERMANY -- NOW, AND FOREVER MORE. THIS HAS BEEN A YEAR OF CHANGE, FOR AMERICA, FOR A UNITED GERMANY, FOR THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE OF WHICH WE ARE BOTH A PART. - 11 - I'M CERTAIN THAT OUR TWO NATIONS WILL MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE AS WE HAVE IN THE PAST -- AS PARTNERS IN LEADERSHIP. THIS DAY, so MEANINGFUL FOR GERMANY -- ALSO INSPIRES THE WORLD. 11 METERS AWAY FROM THE WALLS OF THE REICHSTAG -- SCENE OF THE FIRST SESSION OF THE NEWLY REUNITED GERMAN PARLIAMENT -- STOOD THE BERLIN WALL. - 12 - FOR YEARS FREE MEN AND WOMEN EVERYWHERE DREAMED OF THE DAY THE BERLIN WALL WOULD CEASE To EXIST -- WHEN A WORLD WITHOUT THE WALL WOULD MEAN A GERMANY MADE WHOLE ONCE MORE. WHEN GERMANY, UNITED AND SOVEREIGN, WOULD CONTRIBUTE IN FULL MEASURE AS A FORCE FOR PEACE AND STABILITY IN WORLD AFFAIRS. III TODAY, IT IS THE WALL THAT LIES IN RUINS, AND OUR EYES OPEN ON A NEW WORLD OF HOPE. - 13 - THE LAST REMNANTS OF THE WALL REMAIN -- THERE AT THE HEART OF A FREE BERLIN. A RAGGED MONUMENT IN BRICK AND BARBED WIRE: PROOF THAT NO WALL IS EVER STRONG ENOUGH TO STRANGLE THE HUMAN SPIRIT -- THAT NO WALL CAN EVER CRUSH A NATION'S SOUL. III THIS IS MY MESSAGE TO THE GERMAN PEOPLE, AND THAT IS THE HEARTFELT SENTIMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. BUT BEFORE I SIGN THIS DOCUMENT, PROCLAIMING THIS VERY SPECIAL GERMAN-AMERICAN DAY, LET ME SAY ONE THING MORE. - 14 - LAST SUNDAY, I ATTENDED THE WORLD SUMMIT FOR CHILDREN AT THE UNITED NATIONS WITH MORE THAN SEVENTY HEADS OF STATE. WE DISCUSSED MANY CRITICAL ISSUES -- FROM HEALTH CARE TO EDUCATION. BUT WE WERE PROFOUNDLY TOUCHED BY THE KNOWLEDGE THAT WE MUST ENTRUST THE FUTURE OF OUR NATIONS TO ANOTHER GENERATION. - 15 - LOOKING AT THE BEAUTIFUL GERMAN CHILDREN WITH US TODAY, I BELIEVE I CAN SEE THE FUTURE OF THE NEW GERMANY -- A FUTURE OF LIBERTY AND LEADERSHIP, GOODWILL AND GREATNESS. ONCE AGAIN, THANK YOU, AND MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALL. # # # GERMAN-AMERICANS \ THE ROSE GARDEN OCTOBER 3, 1990 \ 11:10 P. M. AMBASSADOR RUHFUS [[RuFus]], BRUCE GELB, ELLSBETH SEEWALD, ADALBERT THEUNE [[TOY-NAH]], HELMUT KRUGER AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS -- WELCOME TO THE WHITE HOUSE. I THANK THE GERMAN ARMY BAND FOR THEIR STIRRING RENDITION OF OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM. AND, OF COURSE, THIS EVENT IS ALL THE RICHER FOR THE PRESENCE OF THE CHILDREN OF THE GERMAN SCHOOL. ON THIS VERY SPECIAL DAY, THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA SEND THEIR HEARTIEST CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL GERMANS. - 2 - EVEN AS WE MEET HERE IN THE ROSE GARDEN, GERMANS ARE CELEBRATING THEIR NEW UNITY FROM BERLIN TO BONN, FROM MUNICH TO BREMEN, FROM THE URBAN PLAZAS OF LEIPZIG TO THE GOLDEN VINEYARDS ALONG THE HILLS OF THE RHINE. THROUGHOUT THIS NEWLY UNITED NATION, GERMANS CELEBRATE A WONDERFUL MOMENT DELAYED FOR ALMOST HALF A CENTURY. AND AS PART OF THAT CELEBRATION, I'VE SENT A VIDEO ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF GERMANY -- SENTIMENTS I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU. - 3 - FOR 45 YEARS, AT THE HEART OF A DIVIDED CONTINENT LIVED A DIVIDED PEOPLE. A CRUEL WALL OF CONCRETE CUT NEIGHBOR FROM NEIGHBOR, HUSBAND FROM WIFE, CHILD FROM PARENT -- AND A NATION FROM ITSELF. ON THIS FAULT LINE OF THE EAST-WEST CONFLICT -- ONE PEOPLE SPLIT BETWEEN TWO WORLDS. As THE GERMAN PEOPLE SUFFERED THROUGH THIS LONG ORDEAL, AMERICANS WERE MORE -- MUCH MORE -- THAN SYMPATHETIC OBSERVERS. - 4 - AFTER ALL, WE ARE UNITED BY BONDS OF CULTURE THAT REACH BACK TO EARLY COLONIAL TIMES, WHEN GERMANS FIRST BECAME GERMAN-AMERICANS. AT THE INVITATION OF WILLIAM PENN, GERMANS ARRIVED IN AMERICA TO START A NEW LIFE. LIFE WAS HARD -- THEIR FIRST HOMES WERE CAVES HOLLOWED OUT OF THE GROUND -- BUT THEIR DETERMINATION WAS HARDER. THEY BUILT A COMMUNITY -- GERMANTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA -- INSPIRING MILLIONS MORE TO FOLLOW AND CONTINUE TO BUILD. - 5 - GERMAN-AMERICANS FOUNDED HAGERSTOWN AND FREDERICK, MARYLAND. MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. NEW BRAUNFELS, TEXAS. FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY -- BERLIN, WISCONSIN -- AND ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA. AND THEY WENT ON TO HELP BUILD SOME OF THE GREAT CITIES OF AMERICA -- PHILADELPHIA, CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS AND MILWAUKEE. - 6 - THE 60 MILLION AMERICAN SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF THESE GERMAN PIONEERS, LIKE ALL AMERICANS, FELT A DEEP TIE TO BOTH GERMANIES -- ONE A NEW DEMOCRACY IN THE HEART OF EUROPE, THE OTHER STRUGGLING TO BE FREE. AFTER ALL, OUR OWN COUNTRY ONCE LIVED UNDER OPPRESSION. WE REMEMBER JOHN PETER ZENGER, A YOUNG GERMAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER EDITOR WHO DARED TO CHALLENGE AUTHORITY IN 1734. - 7 - AND IT WAS THIS SAME GERMAN IMMIGRANT WHO HELPED AMERICA ESTABLISH OUR MOST CHERISHED TRADITION -- FREEDOM OF SPEECH. So NOW, AMBASSADOR RUHFUS ((Rufus)), WHEN EAST GERMANS WERE PUNISHED FOR DISSENT, WE SHARED YOUR SPIRIT OF DEFIANCE. III WHEN GERMAN PEOPLE WERE SHOT FOR ATTEMPTING TO FLEE TO FREEDOM, WE SHARED YOUR OUTRAGE. III AND WHEN WEST GERMAN LEADERS DARED TO HOPE FOR A GERMANY UNITED IN FREEDOM, WE SHARED YOUR DREAM. III - 8 - AND so WE ARE HERE TODAY TO AFFIRM THAT SOMETIMES, DREAMS DO COME TRUE. GERMANY IS UNITED. GERMANY IS FREE, THE COLD WAR IS AT LONG LAST OVER. OVER.\\\ THIS DAY WAS so CLEARLY ENVISIONED BY KONRAD ADENAUER, WHO SAID THAT A SOLUTION TO A DIVIDED GERMANY "IS ONLY POSSIBLE WITH THE HELP OF OUR FRIENDS." OVER THE DECADES, ADENAUER'S VISION OF A FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES, BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE FREE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD HAS BEEN REALIZED. - 9 - THIS MOMENT HAS COME BECAUSE AMERICANS STOOD BY THE PEOPLE OF BERLIN -- FROM THE DAREDEVIL PILOTS OF THE AIRLIFT, TO A YOUNG PRESIDENT WHO MADE HIS BOLD DECLARATION BEFORE THE WALL. THIS MOMENT HAS ALSO COME BECAUSE OF THE DETERMINATION OF WEST GERMAN LEADERS TO MAKE GERMANY WHOLE AND FREE -- NOT ONLY ADENAUER BUT ALSO ERNST REUTER ((ROY-TER)), LUDWIG ERHARD, WILLY BRANDT, HELMUT SCHMIDT, AND, OF COURSE HELMUT KOHL. - 10 - THIS DAY HAS COME BECAUSE IN 1989, THE PEOPLE OF GERMANY STOOD THEIR GROUND FOR FREEDOM. III THE UNITED STATES IS PROUD TO HAVE JOINED YOUR COUNTRYMEN IN BUILDING THE FOUNDATIONS OF FREEDOM -- PROUD TO HAVE BEEN A STEADY PARTNER IN YOUR QUEST. AMERICA IS ALSO PROUD TO COUNT ITSELF AMONG THE FRIENDS AND ALLIES OF A FREE GERMANY -- NOW, AND FOREVER MORE. THIS HAS BEEN A YEAR OF CHANGE, FOR AMERICA, FOR A UNITED GERMANY, FOR THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE OF WHICH WE ARE BOTH A PART. - 11 - I'M CERTAIN THAT OUR TWO NATIONS WILL MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE AS WE HAVE IN THE PAST -- AS PARTNERS IN LEADERSHIP. THIS DAY, so MEANINGFUL FOR GERMANY -- ALSO INSPIRES THE WORLD. 11 METERS AWAY FROM THE WALLS OF THE REICHSTAG -- SCENE OF THE FIRST SESSION OF THE NEWLY REUNITED GERMAN PARLIAMENT -- STOOD THE BERLIN WALL. - 12 - FOR YEARS FREE MEN AND WOMEN EVERYWHERE DREAMED OF THE DAY THE BERLIN WALL WOULD CEASE TO EXIST -- WHEN A WORLD WITHOUT THE WALL WOULD MEAN A GERMANY MADE WHOLE ONCE MORE. WHEN GERMANY, UNITED AND SOVEREIGN, WOULD CONTRIBUTE IN FULL MEASURE AS A FORCE FOR PEACE AND STABILITY IN WORLD AFFAIRS. III TODAY, IT IS THE WALL THAT LIES IN RUINS, AND OUR EYES OPEN ON A NEW WORLD OF HOPE. - 13 - THE LAST REMNANTS OF THE WALL REMAIN -- THERE AT THE HEART OF A FREE BERLIN. A RAGGED MONUMENT IN BRICK AND BARBED WIRE: PROOF THAT NO WALL IS EVER STRONG ENOUGH TO STRANGLE THE HUMAN SPIRIT -- THAT NO WALL CAN EVER CRUSH A NATION'S SOUL. THIS IS MY MESSAGE TO THE GERMAN PEOPLE, AND THAT IS THE HEARTFELT SENTIMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. BUT BEFORE I SIGN THIS DOCUMENT, PROCLAIMING THIS VERY SPECIAL GERMAN-AMERICAN DAY, LET ME SAY ONE THING MORE. - 14 - LAST SUNDAY, I ATTENDED THE WORLD SUMMIT FOR CHILDREN AT THE UNITED NATIONS WITH MORE THAN SEVENTY HEADS OF STATE. WE DISCUSSED MANY CRITICAL ISSUES -- FROM HEALTH CARE TO EDUCATION. BUT WE WERE PROFOUNDLY TOUCHED BY THE KNOWLEDGE THAT WE MUST ENTRUST THE FUTURE OF OUR NATIONS TO ANOTHER GENERATION. - 15 - LOOKING AT THE BEAUTIFUL GERMAN CHILDREN WITH US TODAY, I BELIEVE I CAN SEE THE FUTURE OF THE NEW GERMANY -- A FUTURE OF LIBERTY AND LEADERSHIP, GOODWILL AND GREATNESS. ONCE AGAIN, THANK YOU, AND MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALL. # # # THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON 90 OCT 2 P1:01 October 2, 1990 MEMORANDUM FOR MARK DAVIS FROM: JOHN P. SCHMITZ. ips DEPUTY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: German/American Speech Draft Great draft; thanks for sending it to me. Here are my comments -- I am sorry I did not get them to you earlier, but as you can see from your staffing sheet neither Boyden nor I were copied on it. 1) If you or others like the "closed book/reopened book" metaphor we spoke about yesterday on the phone, it would seem best used as transition between paras. 4 & 5 on page 1. 2) You should know that the German School 1st grade class (not choir) consists not only of German children but also German- American and just plain American children. One child's father (a Navy doctor) is currently serving in the Persian Gulf. I have made appropriate corrections on the draft. (pp. 1 & 4) I have also drafted a few paragraphs (attached) expanding on this "German-American" angle. Please use as much or as little you think fit the message of the day. I would think is fits best at the end of the speech, where you talk about the future (p. 4). 3) I like your list of German-American cities. Maybe the President might also like to note one of the largest German- American subgroups: German-Texan Americans. For example, insert at the end of the second paragraph on p. 2: "I am proud to say that my home state Texas has one of the oldest and largest German American communities. In fact, as my good friend and fellow Texan Chase Untermeyer reminded me, German Americans founded the Republican party in Texas shortly after the Civil War. " CC: Andy Card Dave Demarest Jim Cicconi Chriss Winston Jim Pinkerton Bob Hutchings Sichan Siv Kathy Jeavons Although few Presidents can pass up being photographed with a group of beautiful small children that was not the reason I invited Mrs. Dalal's (DA LAL) class of 6, 7, & 8 year olds to the White House. They certainly performed well and have even managed to remain seated and attentive throughout my speech (that's one reason I like to go first) but I see so much more in these faces. I see the future and it is at once very hopeful and promising. I understand that although we call it the German School, half the children are German-Americans. The parents of these children are teachers, homemakers, scientists, writers, diplomats, and lawyers. Many have served in the U.S. military and one doctor is presently on active duty serving in the Persian Gulf. These are not the struggling German immigrants of the past but are today's German-Americans who will no doubt contribute to our future just as mightily as their ancestors in the past. Whether American or German, each is helping to build society, not least by raising their children thoughtfully and gently, without the prejudices of the past. It is remarkable to see the innocent, natural way these children have bridged cultural gaps and sought common ground to form longlasting friendships, not overlooking, but accepting differences, as only children can do with the grace of innocence. [All of these children are fluent in English and German, though I hear they prefer English on the playground.] [Friendships formed in nursery school before some children even knew German or English were based on playing dress-up, riding bikes, children's games and a genuine joy and appreciation of each other as human beings. They didn't emphasize how they were different, but although we see the children dressed in traditional attire, inside they represent the diversity, intellectual free spirit, strength of character, cooperation, friendship and hopefulness of the future.] Over the next few years a United Germany and a changing world will inevitably encounter difficult and challenging times. We need to always remember to strive for higher goals, respect, trust cooperation, and longlasting friendship, goals the United States and Germany have shared for years and which are embodied by these very young and capable children, both American and German. German Americans have made tremendous contributions to American culture. As the children sang "Brother come dance with me. Both hands I extend to you. " We will continue to extend both our hands to our German partners in leadership during this joyous and critical point in history. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PM 1: 58 Date: September 28, 1990 Draft: Two PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the German Schools Children Choir. 1st Gade class. On this in very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- a message I would like to share with you. closed book (regpened book metaphor here? For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. [I am proud to say that my home state of Texas has one L'He The 60 million American sons and daughters of these oldectionmuneto German of Gerna pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - Amender In too - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other as my good struggling to be free. friend and fill Texas chaw Unten reminds me Germs After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We America remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper Founded M Republican Pan editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this n Te Shouldy after same German immigrant who helped America establish our most the Cintra, cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. III When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. 111 And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. III 3 And go we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)) Ludwig Erhardt and Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. III Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)), the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. 111 Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. sou1.\\\ That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. INSERT (German Schent) Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. some German, some German-Ameur some plain America Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see American friendship the future of new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # Democomments Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PH 58 Date: September 28, 1990 90 OCT Draft: Two PI: 59 PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the German School Children's Choir. On this is a very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- a message I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. 111 When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. III And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. 3 And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. III This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, verb and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)) Ludwig Erhardt and Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)), the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. III Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # # 178559SS Document No. 90 OCTTE All: 12 HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 9/28/90 NOON, MONDAY, OCT. 1 DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS THE ROSE GARDEN SUBJECT: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1990 11:10 AM ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN ROGICH CARD UNTERMEYER ROGERS CICCONI PINKERTON DEMAREST WINSTON FITZWATER FIRESTONE GRAY HAGIN HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide comments/edits on the attached directly to Chriss Winston, x2930, Rm. 122, with a copy to my office, by NOON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1. Thank you. RESPONSE: NO COMMENTS. THANKS. HOLLY WILLIAMSON 10-1-90 HW James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Date: 10/1 1230 pm TO: Chriss Winston FROM: JAMES P. PINKERTON Deputy Assistant to the President for Policy Planning Re: German- American speech One comment after all: why the omission of willy Brandt + Helmut Schmidt K' Why sleight the SPD ? comment FROM M.D.: BIT the MART 111116 MIAML He BECAUSE IF THEY HAD THEiR WAY, West GERMANY woulD be joining EAST GERMANY - AnD not the other copy AROUND 3 And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free.\\\ This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends. " A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. Helmutmitt This moment has also come because of the determination of willyoude West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt and Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. III Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)), the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- Davis/Blymire Title: German Date: September 28, 1990 Draft One PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the German School Children's Choir. On this is a very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. IS newly united wonderful Throughout the nation, Germans celebrate a moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- a message I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build r the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. III When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. III And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. \\\ And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. III 3 This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment_has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)) Ludwig Erhardt and Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)) the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a 4 world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. III Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # # 178559SS Document No. WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 90 OCT I All: 49 9/28/90 NOON, MONDAY, OCT. 1 DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS THE ROSE GARDEN SUBJECT: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1990 11:10 AM ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN ROGICH CARD UNTERMEYER ROGERS CICCONI PINKERTON DEMAREST WINSTON FITZWATER FIRESTONE GRAY HAGIN HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide comments/edits on the attached directly to Chriss Winston, x2930, Rm. 122, with a copy to my office, by NOON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1. Thank you. RESPONSE: no comment James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PM 1:58 Date: September 28, 1990 Draft: Two PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the German School Children's Choir. On this is a very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- a message I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. III 3 And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free.\\\ This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt and Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. 111 Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)), the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. III Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with ( (number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # # THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON October 1, 1990 MEMORANDUM FOR CHRISS WINSTON FROM: ROGER B. PORTER RBP SUBJECT: Presidential Remarks: German-Americans The Rose Garden We have reviewed the attached draft and have no suggested changes from a policy standpoint. We approve of the draft remarks in their current form. CC: James W. Cicconi 178559SS Document No. WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 9/28/90 NOON, MONDAY, OCT. 1 DATE: ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS THE ROSE GARDEN SUBJECT: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1990 11:10 AM ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN ROGICH CARD UNTERMEYER CICCONI ROGERS DEMAREST PINKERTON FITZWATER WINSTON GRAY FIRESTONE HAGIN HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide comments/edits on the attached directly to Chriss Winston, x2930, Rm. 122, with a copy to my office, by NOON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1. Thank you. RESPONSE: James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PM 58 Date: September 28, 1990 Draft: Two PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the German School Children's Choir. On this is a very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- a message I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. III And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. 111 3 And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt and Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. III Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)) the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. 11 Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. III Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # # Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PM 58 Date: September 28, 1990 Draft: Two PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 gapen ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, min Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the away the German School Children's Choir. Even as memeet have He Rose Garden, Germansare are celebrating their On this is at very special day, the people of America send unity their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of sentiments Germany a message I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus) when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. 3 And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. athendrop This moment has also come because of the determination of onalsotion West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Schmidt Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt and + Brandt Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. Ambassador Rufhus ( (Rufus) ) the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. 11 Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. 111 Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- This is that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. III That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations detailed(?) with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # # 178559SS Document No. WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 9/28/90 DATE: NOON, MONDAY, OCT. 1 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS THE ROSE GARDEN SUBJECT: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1990 11:10 AM ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE N/C SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER N/C DARMAN ROGICH CARD UNTERMEYER CICCONI ROGERS DEMAREST PINKERTON N/C FITZWATER WINSTON GRAY FIRESTONE HAGIN HOLIDAY N/C REMARKS: Please provide comments/edits on the attached directly to Chriss Winston, x2930, Rm. 122, with a copy to my office, by NOON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1. Thank you. RESPONSE: James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff Ext. 2702 Cold War Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PM 58 Date: September 28, 1990 Draft: Two PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus] Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.) ) And let me especially thank the children of the Even as we meet herein the Roe German School Children's Choir. Garden, Germano are celebrating their new On this is a very special day, the people of America send unity their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, / from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to hills the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of sentiments Germany -- a message I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. III When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. III And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. Cold war The is at 10ng / ast 3 over. And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with Over the decades, Adenaver's vision of as the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, between Germones and between Germonyand and all the free peoples of the world. has become been a maleyed This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Willy Brandt, Helmut Schudt Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt, and of course, Helmut Kohl. Most of all this day has come because in 1989, the for freedom. brave people of East Germany stood their ground III Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus) ) the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. 11 Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. III Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. 111 This is That was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many critical prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # # G. unity not last achievement self-detementor- - S. unity not the last unfinished busivene of the wantinue period. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON October 1, 1990 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT THROUGH: CHRISS WINSTON and FROM: MARK DAVIS MD SUBJECT: GERMAN-AMERICAN DAY CELEBRATION On Wednesday, October 3, at 11:10 a.m., you will address 200 attendees in the Rose Garden, at a celebration of German-American Day. Your remarks, approximately 6-8 minutes in length, will be on cards. Davis/Blymire Title: German Date: October 1, 1990 Draft: Three PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 ((Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus]], Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.)) And let me especially thank the children of the German School Children's Choir. On this very special day, the people of America send their heartiest congratulations to all Germans. Even as we meet here in the Rose Garden, Germans are celebrating their new unity from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the hills of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of Germany -- sentiments I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania -- inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies -- one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus)), when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. 3 And so we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. The Cold War is at long last over. This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." Over the decades, Adenauer's vision of a friendship between Germany and the United States, between Germany and the free peoples of the world has been realized. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. This moment has also come because of the determination of West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY-ter)), Ludwig Erhardt, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, and, of course Helmut Kohl. This day has come because in 1989, the people of Germany stood their ground for freedom. The United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. 4 This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. 11 Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. III Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. This is my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations with more than seventy heads of state. We discussed many critical issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. October 1, 1990 MEMORANDUM: To: CHRISS WINSTON From: MARK DAVIS Re: German-American event John Schmitz, of Counsel's office, called me to recommend a metaphor along these lines: "When the four powers agreed to end the last restrictions on German sovereignty, we closed the book on conflict and Cold World. Let us now turn to another book, an older book -- the chronicle of 200 years of German and American partnership." Perhaps this could be used as a bridge to the section on German- American contributions since the founding of Germantown, Pa. 178559SS Document No. WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 7758 9/28/90 DATE: NOON, MONDAY, OCT. 1 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS THE ROSE GARDEN SUBJECT: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1990 11:10 AM ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT MCCLURE SUNUNU NEWMAN SCOWCROFT PORTER DARMAN ROGICH CARD UNTERMEYER CICCONI ROGERS DEMAREST PINKERTON FITZWATER WINSTON GRAY FIRESTONE HAGIN HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide comments/edits on the attached directly to Chriss Winston, x2930, Rm. 122, with a copy to my office, by NOON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1. Thank you. RESPONSE: TO: CHRISS WINSTON October 1, 990 The NSC concurs with the attached draft with changes as indicated. nice job! Brent Rates Scowcroft James W. Cicconi Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff CC: James Cicconi Ext. 2702 Davis/Blymire Title: German 90 SEP 28 PM 58 Date: September 28, 1990 Draft: Two PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: GERMAN-AMERICANS, THE ROSE GARDEN 11:10 a.m., WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3rd, 1990 'elabrations min ( (Ambassador Ruhfus [[Rufus] Bruce Gelb, Elsbeth Seewald, Adalbert Theune [[TOY-nah]], Helmut Krueger -- welcome to the White House.) ) And let me especially thank the children of the German School Children's Choir. Even as we week have in Garden, Germansare are celebrating On this is a very special day, the people of America send unity their heartiest congratulations to all Germans, from Berlin to Bonn, from Munich to Bremen, from the urban plazas of Leipzig to the golden vineyards along the cliffs of the Rhine. Throughout this newly united nation, Germans celebrate a wonderful moment delayed for almost half a century. And as part of that celebration, I've sent a video address to the people of sentiment Germany a message I would like to share with you. For 45 years, at the heart of a divided continent lived a divided people. A cruel wall of concrete cut neighbor from neighbor, husband from wife, child from parent -- and a nation from itself. On this fault line of the East-West conflict -- one people split between two worlds. As the German people suffered through this long ordeal, Americans were more -- much more -- than sympathetic observers. After all, we are united by bonds of culture that reach back to early colonial times, when Germans first became German-Americans. 2 At the invitation of William Penn, Germans arrived in America to start a new life. Life was hard -- their first homes were caves hollowed out of the ground -- but their determination was harder. They built a community -- Germantown, Pennsylvania - - inspiring millions more to follow and continue to build. German-Americans founded Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. New Braunsfels, Texas. Frankfort, Kentucky -- Berlin, Wisconsin -- and Anaheim, California. And they went on to help build some of the great cities of America -- Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Milwaukee. The 60 million American sons and daughters of these German pioneers, like all Americans, felt a deep tie to both Germanies - - one a new democracy in the heart of Europe, the other struggling to be free. After all, our own country once lived under oppression. We remember John Peter Zenger, a young German-American newspaper editor who dared to challenge authority in 1734. And it was this same German immigrant who helped America establish our most cherished tradition -- freedom of speech. So now, Ambassador Ruhfus ((Rufus) when East Germans were punished for dissent, we shared your spirit of defiance. When German people were shot for attempting to flee to freedom, we shared your outrage. III And when West German leaders dared to hope for a Germany united in freedom, we shared your dream. III 3 And só we are here today to affirm that sometimes, dreams do come true. Germany is united. Germany is free. This day was so clearly envisioned by Konrad Adenauer, who said that a solution to a divided Germany "is only possible with the help of our friends." A friendship with the United States, and all the free peoples of the world. This moment has come because Americans stood by the people of Berlin -- from the daredevil pilots of the airlift, to a young president who made his bold declaration before the Wall. athendrop, This moment has also come because of the determination of or West German leaders to make Germany whole and free -- not only Rehmidt Adenauer but also Ernst Reuter ((ROY ter)), Ludwig Erhardt and Brandt Helmut Kohl. Most of all, this day has come because in 1989, the brave people of East Germany stood their ground. Ambassador Rufhus ((Rufus)) the United States is proud to have joined your countrymen in building the foundations of freedom -- proud to have been a steady partner in your quest. America is also proud to count itself among the friends and allies of a free Germany -- now, and forever more. This has been a year of change, for America, for a united Germany, for the Atlantic alliance of which we are both a part. I'm certain that our two nations will meet the challenges of the future as we have in the past -- as partners in leadership. This day, so meaningful for Germany -- also inspires the world. Meters away from the walls of the Reichstag -- scene of the first session of the newly reunited German Parliament -- 4 stood the Berlin Wall. For years free men and women everywhere dreamed of the day the Berlin Wall would cease to exist -- when a world without the Wall would mean a Germany made whole once more. When Germany, united and sovereign, would contribute in full measure as a force for peace and stability in world affairs. 111 Today, it is the Wall that lies in ruins, and our eyes open on a new world of hope. The last remnants of the Wall remain -- there at the heart of a free Berlin. A ragged monument in brick and barbed wire: Proof that no Wall is ever strong enough to strangle the human spirit -- that no Wall can ever crush a nation's soul. That This is was my message to the German people, and that is the heartfelt sentiment of the people of America. But before I sign this document, proclaiming this very special German-American Day, let me say one thing more. Last Sunday, I attended the world summit for children at the United Nations detailed(?) with ((number)) heads of state. We discussed many prosaic issues -- from health care to education. But we were profoundly touched by the knowledge that we must entrust the future of our nations to another generation. Looking at these German School children, I believe I can see the future of the new Germany -- a future of liberty and leadership, goodwill and greatness. Once again, thank you, and may God bless you all. # # # GERMAN-AMERICANS \ THE ROSE GARDEN OCTOBER 3, 1990 \ 11:10 P. M. AMBASSADOR RUHFUS [[RuFus]], BRUCE GELB, ELLSBETH SEEWALD, ADALBERT THEUNE [[TOY-NAH]], HELMUT KRUGER AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS -- WELCOME TO THE WHITE HOUSE. I THANK THE GERMAN ARMY BAND FOR THEIR STIRRING RENDITION OF OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM. AND, OF COURSE, THIS EVENT IS ALL THE RICHER FOR THE PRESENCE OF THE CHILDREN OF THE GERMAN SCHOOL. ON THIS VERY SPECIAL DAY, THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA SEND THEIR HEARTIEST CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL GERMANS. - 2 - EVEN AS WE MEET HERE IN THE ROSE GARDEN, GERMANS ARE CELEBRATING THEIR NEW UNITY FROM BERLIN TO BONN, FROM MUNICH TO BREMEN, FROM THE URBAN PLAZAS OF LEIPZIG TO THE GOLDEN VINEYARDS ALONG THE HILLS OF THE RHINE. THROUGHOUT THIS NEWLY UNITED NATION, GERMANS CELEBRATE A WONDERFUL MOMENT DELAYED FOR ALMOST HALF A CENTURY. AND AS PART OF THAT CELEBRATION, I'VE SENT A VIDEO ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF GERMANY -- SENTIMENTS I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU. - 3 - FOR 45 YEARS, AT THE HEART OF A DIVIDED CONTINENT LIVED A DIVIDED PEOPLE. A CRUEL WALL OF CONCRETE CUT NEIGHBOR FROM NEIGHBOR, HUSBAND FROM WIFE, CHILD FROM PARENT -- AND A NATION FROM ITSELF. ON THIS FAULT LINE OF THE EAST-WEST CONFLICT -- ONE PEOPLE SPLIT BETWEEN TWO WORLDS. As THE GERMAN PEOPLE SUFFERED THROUGH THIS LONG ORDEAL, AMERICANS WERE MORE -- MUCH MORE -- THAN SYMPATHETIC OBSERVERS. - 4 - AFTER ALL, WE ARE UNITED BY BONDS OF CULTURE THAT REACH BACK TO EARLY COLONIAL TIMES, WHEN GERMANS FIRST BECAME GERMAN-AMERICANS. AT THE INVITATION OF WILLIAM PENN, GERMANS ARRIVED IN AMERICA TO START A NEW LIFE. LIFE WAS HARD -- THEIR FIRST HOMES WERE CAVES HOLLOWED OUT OF THE GROUND -- BUT THEIR DETERMINATION WAS HARDER. THEY BUILT A COMMUNITY - -- GERMANTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA -- INSPIRING MILLIONS MORE TO FOLLOW AND CONTINUE TO BUILD. - 5 - GERMAN-AMERICANS FOUNDED HAGERSTOWN AND FREDERICK, MARYLAND. MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. NEW BRAUNFELS, TEXAS. FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY -- BERLIN, WISCONSIN -- AND ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA. AND THEY WENT ON TO HELP BUILD SOME OF THE GREAT CITIES OF AMERICA -- PHILADELPHIA, CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS AND MILWAUKEE. - 6 - THE 60 MILLION AMERICAN SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF THESE GERMAN PIONEERS, LIKE ALL AMERICANS, FELT A DEEP TIE TO BOTH GERMANIES -- ONE A NEW DEMOCRACY IN THE HEART OF EUROPE, THE OTHER STRUGGLING TO BE FREE. AFTER ALL, OUR OWN COUNTRY ONCE LIVED UNDER OPPRESSION. WE REMEMBER JOHN PETER ZENGER, A YOUNG GERMAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER EDITOR WHO DARED TO CHALLENGE AUTHORITY IN 1734. To cw- - Date 10-3 Time 8:45A WHILE YOU WERE OUT M Jim Cicconi of Phone Area Code Number Extension TELEPHONED PLEASE CALL CALLED TO SEE YOU WILL CALL AGAIN WANTS TO SEE YOU URGENT JC- Pretty sneaky on German speech." Not sure It will survive. AMPAD EFFICIENCY® 23-023 CARBONLESS C.T. (Rowland - 7 - AND IT WAS THIS SAME GERMAN IMMIGRANT WHO HELPED AMERICA ESTABLISH OUR MOST CHERISHED TRADITION -- FREEDOM OF SPEECH. So NOW, AMBASSADOR RUHFUS ((Rufus)), WHEN EAST GERMANS WERE PUNISHED FOR DISSENT, WE SHARED YOUR SPIRIT OF DEFIANCE. III WHEN GERMAN PEOPLE WERE SHOT FOR ATTEMPTING TO FLEE To FREEDOM, WE SHARED YOUR OUTRAGE. III AND WHEN WEST GERMAN LEADERS DARED TO HOPE FOR A GERMANY UNITED IN FREEDOM, WE SHARED YOUR DREAM. III - 8 - AND so WE ARE HERE TODAY TO AFFIRM THAT SOMETIMES, DREAMS DO COME TRUE. GERMANY IS UNITED. GERMANY IS FREE. THE COLD WAR IS AT LONG LAST OVER. Delete THIS DAY WAS so CLEARLY ENVISIONED BY KONRAD ADENAUER, WHO SAID THAT A SOLUTION TO A DIVIDED GERMANY "IS ONLY POSSIBLE WITH THE HELP OF OUR FRIENDS." OVER THE DECADES, ADENAUER'S VISION OF A FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES, BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE FREE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD HAS been REALIZED. - 9 - THIS MOMENT HAS COME BECAUSE AMERICANS STOOD BY THE PEOPLE OF BERLIN -- FROM THE DAREDEVIL PILOTS OF THE AIRLIFT, TO A YOUNG PRESIDENT WHO MADE HIS BOLD DECLARATION BEFORE THE WALL. THIS MOMENT HAS ALSO COME BECAUSE OF THE DETERMINATION OF WEST GERMAN LEADERS TO MAKE GERMANY WHOLE AND FREE -- NOT ONLY ADENAUER BUT ALSO ERNST REUTER ((ROY-TER)), LUDWIG ERHARD, WILLY BRANDT, HELMUT SCHMIDT, AND, OF COURSE HELMUT KOHL. r - 10 - THIS DAY HAS COME BECAUSE IN 1989, THE PEOPLE OF GERMANY STOOD THEIR GROUND FOR FREEDOM. THE UNITED STATES IS PROUD TO HAVE JOINED YOUR COUNTRYMEN IN BUILDING THE FOUNDATIONS OF FREEDOM -- PROUD TO HAVE BEEN A STEADY PARTNER IN YOUR QUEST. AMERICA IS ALSO PROUD TO COUNT ITSELF AMONG THE FRIENDS AND ALLIES OF A FREE GERMANY -- NOW, AND FOREVER MORE. THIS HAS BEEN A YEAR OF CHANGE, FOR AMERICA, FOR A UNITED GERMANY, FOR THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE OF WHICH WE ARE BOTH A PART. - 11 - I'M CERTAIN THAT OUR TWO NATIONS WILL MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE AS WE HAVE IN THE PAST -- AS PARTNERS IN LEADERSHIP. THIS DAY, so MEANINGFUL FOR GERMANY -- ALSO INSPIRES THE WORLD. 11 METERS AWAY FROM THE WALLS OF THE REICHSTAG -- SCENE OF THE FIRST SESSION OF THE NEWLY REUNITED GERMAN PARLIAMENT -- STOOD THE BERLIN WALL. - 12 - FOR YEARS FREE MEN AND WOMEN EVERYWHERE DREAMED OF THE DAY THE BERLIN WALL WOULD CEASE TO EXIST -- WHEN A WORLD WITHOUT THE WALL WOULD MEAN A GERMANY MADE WHOLE ONCE MORE. WHEN GERMANY, UNITED AND SOVEREIGN, WOULD CONTRIBUTE IN FULL MEASURE AS A FORCE FOR PEACE AND STABILITY IN WORLD AFFAIRS. TODAY, IT IS THE WALL THAT LIES IN RUINS, AND OUR EYES OPEN ON A NEW WORLD OF HOPE. - 13 - THE LAST REMNANTS OF THE WALL REMAIN -- THERE AT THE HEART OF A FREE BERLIN. A RAGGED MONUMENT IN BRICK AND BARBED WIRE: PROOF THAT NO WALL IS EVER STRONG ENOUGH TO STRANGLE THE HUMAN SPIRIT -- THAT NO WALL CAN EVER CRUSH A NATION'S SOUL. III THIS IS MY MESSAGE TO THE GERMAN PEOPLE, AND THAT IS THE HEARTFELT SENTIMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. BUT BEFORE I SIGN THIS DOCUMENT, PROCLAIMING THIS VERY SPECIAL GERMAN-AMERICAN DAY, LET ME SAY ONE THING MORE. - 14 - LAST SUNDAY, I ATTENDED THE WORLD SUMMIT FOR CHILDREN AT THE UNITED NATIONS WITH MORE THAN SEVENTY HEADS OF STATE. WE DISCUSSED MANY CRITICAL ISSUES -- FROM HEALTH CARE TO EDUCATION. BUT WE WERE PROFOUNDLY TOUCHED BY THE KNOWLEDGE THAT WE MUST ENTRUST THE FUTURE OF OUR NATIONS TO ANOTHER GENERATION. - 15 - LOOKING AT THE BEAUTIFUL GERMAN CHILDREN WITH US TODAY, I BELIEVE I CAN SEE THE FUTURE OF THE NEW GERMANY -- A FUTURE OF LIBERTY AND LEADERSHIP, GOODWILL AND GREATNESS. ONCE AGAIN, THANK YOU, AND MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALL. # # #