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U.N. General Assembly 9/23/91 [OA 6036] [2]
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U.N. General Assembly 9/23/91 [OA 6036] [2]
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26
17
3
3
SCOWCROFT Scow CROFT
Snow, McGroarty, Duggan
Grossman, Simon, Bunton
UN.TS
September 21, 1991
Draft Two
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY HALL
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1991
11 A.M.
Mr. President, thank you very much. Mr. Secretary General,
distinguished delegates of the United Nations, I am honored to
speak with you as you open the 46th Session of the General
Assembly.
I would like to congratulate outgoing President Guido de
Marco of Malta, and incoming President Samir Shihabi of Saudi
Arabia. I also want to salute Secretary General Javier Perez de
Term revils
Cuellar, as he begins the final year of his outstanding term.
Dec 31.
Secretary General Perez de Cuellar has served during a period of
unprecedented change and turmoil. The entire world owes an
enormous debt of gratitude to this man of peace; this man I feel
proud to call my friend. 11
The United States will look with great interest upon the
selection of your next Secretary General. But today, I simply
want to congratulate my friend, and praise his spectacular
service to the United Nations -- and the people of the world.
[ADDITIONAL PERSONAL REMINISCENCES]
Today I plan to deliver a different kind of address than you
have heard from a President of the United States. I will not
dwell on a superpower competition that defined international
politics for a half century, although I will discuss it for a
someone who care carry wildow the
contributions of S.G Perez do C-nellor is ord f the
ce most important issue for this session.
History has perceded the occesver. we
are nov at a watershed with
almost a clean slate we have lafore
us an copportunity TJ builder world
commentivity based ore shared and values
moment. Instead, I would like to discuss the challenge of
interests
building a world of unprecedented peace and prosperity.
For nearly 50 years, world affairs revolved around a
confrontation between the free world -- the United States and
other democracies -- and the totalitarian world -- principally,
the Soviet Union.
At its core, the competition between ideologies hinged upon
two crucial questions: Do people have inalienable rights? And:
Which system of government best serves its people: totalitarian
This is not
non-
socialism or democratic capitalism? the way to protect
seguiture
Well, I look around this room and I see the answers Today,
a single delegation represents the people of Germany; two
delegations represent Korea; the republics of Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania send their own delegations, and you have seated new
missions from the Marshall Islands and Micronesia. Just one week
ago, 159 nations enjoyed membership in the U.N. Today, the
number stands at 166.
In recent months we also have seen a momentous leap in
cooperation between nations. Less than a year ago, the Soviet
Union joined the United States and a host of other nations in
defending a tiny country against aggression -- and opposing
Saddam Hussein. For the very first time on a matter of major
importance, superpower competition took a back seat to
international cooperation.
At that moment, the Cold War truly drew to an end. The
United Nations, in one of its finest moments, constructed a
3
measured, principled, deliberate and courageous response to
Saddam Hussein. It stood up to an outlaw who invaded Kuwait, who
threatened many states within the region.
In this surre
Since that historic time, increasing numbers of men and
women have begun to insist upon government of the people, by the
people and for the people -- a government consistent with the
goals of the U.N. Charter. In one of history's rich ironies, so-
called Peoples' republics have answered] to the people.
begin to
In a defining increast of listery
Just last month, coup plotters in the Soviet Union failed to
derail the forces of liberty and reform. The challenge facing
the Soviets people that of building political systems based upon
individual liberty, minority rights, democracy and free markets -
- mirrors your own responsibility for encouraging peaceful,
democratic reform.
Now, for the very first time, a world of promise has begun
to take shape -- like mountains emerging at dawn's first light.
Now, for the first time, we have a real chance to fulfill
the U.N. Charter's ambition of working "to save succeeding
generations from the scourge of war
to reaffirm faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person, in the equal rights of men and women and nations large
and small
to promote social progress and better standards of
life in larger freedom."
We should not fool ourselves however: many obstacles
resumption of history.
confront us. Foremost among these may be what I will call the ***
how we begin the hand work of freedom.
4
Communism suspended many ancient disputes; it subordinated
ethnic rivalries and nationalist aspirations. As it has
dissolved, however, suspended hatreds leaped back to life. In
the tumultuous aftermath of communism's collapse, people who for
years had been denied their pasts began searching for their own
identities.
You see signs of this tumult here. The United Nations
Free?
organized but four peacekeeping missions during its first 43
years; it has mounted nine missions in the past 36 months.
imminent imminithreat threat
Although we now seem mercifully liberated from the fear of
nuclear holocaust, we face new threats in the form of smaller,
but nonetheless virulent conflicts.
[possible section on Yugoslavia]
We must face this challenge squarely: First, by pursuing the
peaceful resolution of disputes now in progress; second, and more
importantly, by trying to prevent others from erupting.
No one here can promise that today's borders will remain
fixed for all time. are resolved But we must strive to ensure that people
settle border disputes peacefully and democratically - notly force.
[[I Nso hope the Security Council and the Secretary General
will study potential forms of preventive diplomacy. In
particular, this body should seek ways of remaining fully
informed of events in potential trouble-spots, and of giving the
Secretary General the power to communicate directly with
disputing parties.
Instedd, the the Tollabout of the
5
You also should consider the possible use of peacekeeping
forces in discouraging conflicts and the potential for
forestalling disputes by employing Article 43 of the Charter. ]]
We [also] can hold off hostilities by defending the
inalienable rights outlined in the UN's founding documents.
If people cannot speak their minds; if they cannot form
political parties freely and elect governments without coercion;
if they cannot practice their religion freely; if they cannot
raise their families in peace; if they cannot enjoy a just return
from their labor; if they cannot live fruitful lives and, at the
end of their days, look upon their achievements and their
society's progress with pride -- if these simple conditions do
not exist, tempers will flare and bullets will fly. Governments
that fail to carry out their primary responsibility -- protecting
the freedoms that enable people to live good lives -- will fall
in favor of systems that do.
We must work to accommodate change without shredding the
fabric of international society; without inciting the kind of
bloody factionalism that led to our first World War -- and
ultimately, perhaps, to the Cold War.
Those of us in this room can begin by honoring the
commitments we made when we signed the United Nations Charter and
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Let us begin with the charter's pledge "to practice
tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good
In this regard,
neighbors. " UNGA Resolution 3379, the so-called "Zionism is
6
racism" resolution, defies this pledge. I call upon you to
repeal it this year
In repealing this resolution requires no one agrees to support
unequivocally every decision made by the government of Israel.
Many of us will disagree with particular stands taken by Israel,
just as we do with any member state.
But understand: Zionism is not a policy; it is the idea that
led to the creation of a home for the Jewish people, to the state
of Israel. To equate Zionism with the intolerable sin of racism
is to twist history, and forget the terrible plight of Jews in
World War II, and indeed throughout history. To equate Zionism
with racism is to reject Israel -- something this body cannot and
should not do.
[
We stand on the verge of convening an historic peace
conference between Israel and its Arab neighbors. The United
Nations can contribute to this process by repealing
unconditionally Resolution 3379 In so doing the U.N. will
enhance its credibility and serve the cause of peace.
The U.N. Charter also pledges to "employ international
machinery for the promotion of the economic and social
advancement of all peoples." I can think of no better way to
fulfill this mission than to promote the free flow of goods and
ideas.
In truth, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with
or without our help. The information revolution has destroyed
the weapons of enforced isolation and ignorance. It has made
7
geography obsolete. In our lifetime, technology has overwhelmed
tyranny, proving that the age of information also can become the
age of liberation -- if we limit state power wisely and free our
people to make the best use of new ideas, products, and insights.
By the same token, the world has learned that free markets
provide levels of prosperity, growth and happiness that centrally
planned economies could never offer. Even the most charitable
reckoning of economic growth over the past decade indicates that
the economies of the free world have grown at twice the rate of
the former communist world.
enhancest
The path to peace requires economic growth A Growth drives
out the impulse for envy; it permits every person to gain -- not
at the expense of others, but to the benefit of others.
This applies to international relations as well.
We can
reduce
minimize the possibility of global conflict if we encourage free
trade and the free flow of information.
Many nations represented here have joined the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Uruguay Round the latest in
the postwar series of trade negotiations, could herald a new era
suital that we rise above the
of free trade.
Unfortunately selfish, special interests/eould
clestroy stall these talks.
we must advance
which threaten to
Those who value a system of open
international trade must by stand up show mg some courage and bring
against namew
parachiden
this trade round to a successful conclusion.
Nothing could do more to enhance future international
prosperity, especially for developing nationsA Here in this
and energing democracies
Chamber we hear about North-South problems. But free and open
la reterrento Mistory revest not wark
Perhaps
ce return to the the Tariff walls and
put in
next page.
trade was of the past
8
trade, including unfettered access to markets and credit, offers
far more hope to the Third World than paltry, demeaning -- and
generally ineffective -- foreign aid hand-outs.
I cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of completing
Insert have note at botter of PS,
the Uruguay Round. Protectionism set off the Great Depression,
and a new wave of protectionism could unleash furies the likes of
which we have never seen Therefore, I call upon all members of
GATT to redouble their efforts to reach a successful conclusion
for the Uruguay Round.
You see, economic progress promises more than full shop
shelves. It provides the soil in which democracy can flourish.
We also should honor the Charter's emphasis on human rights.
Too
Some nations still deny still people their basic rights, and voices many
from Rangoon to Pyongyang cry out for freedom. In our own
hemisphere the people of Cuba still suffer oppression at the
hands of a dictator who hasn't gotten the word, who hasn't
adapted to a world that has no use for totalitarian tyranny.
At the same time, we see new hope In the region Nicaragua
and Haiti have enjoyed free elections Democracy has taken root
in [EL El Salvador and a host of [other nations The same trend has
througheat the globe.
begun rolling through Africa. South Africa has moved toward the
democracy so long denied its citizens; we remain hopeful that the
people of Ethiopia will achieve national reconciliation.
Thistrend rest
Other unfinished business beckons.
be carefully matural nurtured
9
We must expand our efforts to control nuclear proliferation,
and prevent the spread of chemical and biological weapons, and
the missiles to deliver them.
We must remember that self-interest will continue tugging
nations in different directions, and that these struggles
occasionally will flare into violence.
We know that demagogues will try to peddle false promises to
people whose hunger for hope overwhelms their common sense.
We can never say with confidence where the next conflict may
arise, which nation will spawn the next dangerous aggressor.
Terrorists still use our citizens as pawns; drug dealers continue
destroying our people. We must band together to overwhelm these
affronts to basic human dignity. It is no longer acceptable to
shrug and say that one man's terrorist is another man's freedom
fighter. Let's put the law above the crude and cowardly practice
of hostage-holding.
In a world defined by change, we must be as firm in
principle as we are flexible in our response to changing
international conditions.
That is especially true today of the outlaw regime in Iraq.
Six months after the passage of U.N. Security Council Resolutions
687 and 688, Saddam continues to rebuild his weapons of mass
destruction and subject the Iraqi people to brutal repression.
His contempt for U.N. resolutions -- first demonstrated in
August 1990 -- shows that we must keep U.N. sanctions in place as
long as he remains in power.
10
This is not to say that we should punish the Iraqi people.
Security Council Resolution 706 created a responsible mechanism
for sending humanitarian relief to innocent Iraqi citizens. Now,
we must put that mechanism to work.
[any additional Iraq language]
We must not abandon our principled stand against Saddam's
aggression. This cooperative effort has liberated Kuwait; now it
must lead to a just government in Iraq prepared to obide by the
I learned years ago that the will United of the Nations world has few commedicty
resources for resolving large-scale conflicts. But I also
learned that you can accomplish a great deal.
wroug
provider
You can, for instance, encourage free-market economic
development, and deploy economic sanctions, where necessary.
You
serve as as a vehicle through which willing parties can settle
old disputes. In the months to come, I look forward to working
and bris successor
with Secretary General Perez de Cuellar, as we pursue peace in
places
like
Cambodia,
Afghanistan, Cyprus, El Salvador, and the Western Sahara.
fave Dec,
I also look forward to seeing the U.N. encourage the
notice VN job
restoration of fundamental social institutions: the family, the
community; the place of worship. We must rebuild these
institutions in our own quest for a New World Order -- an order
characterized by the rule of law, rather than the resort to
force; the cooperative settlement of disputes, rather than the
anarchic warfare.
Finally, many of you may wonder about America's role in the
new world I have described. Let me assure you, The United States
But wills were remain engaged
into
offer Hadershipin
11
striving for
seeking
has no intention of building a Pax Americana. We encourage a Pax
Universalis constructed upon shared responsibilities and
aspirations.
celore
drient
My nation cannot lead this world to a promising future of
wealth and well-being and it will not try. It will not surrender
its sovereignty to any international institution. No nation
should do that. That is not what the U.N. is about the particular
The United Nations should not dictate to nations [what, kinds
Jorns of governments they should have. It can and should encourage the
values upon which this organization was founded. Together, we
should insist that nations seeking our acceptance meet basic
standards of human rights, that they commit to the principle of
resolving their disputes peacefully ; that they honor individual
rights, protect minority rights, defend democracy, and establish
a fair, just rule of law.
My friends, we have an opportunity to spare our sons and
daughters the sins and errors of the past; we can build a future
more satisfying than any our world has ever known.
Certainly, we will not be able to hide: The communications
revolution and the evolution of weapons of mass destruction have
made it impossible for nations to isolate themselves forever
As
we become increasingly linked by ties of security and trade, it
will become impossible to distinguish domestic policy from
foreign policy. Now, more than ever, we depend upon one another
for our peace and our prosperity.
12
The future lies undefined before us, full of promise;
littered with peril. We can choose the kind of world we want:
one made peaceful by reflection and choice, or one blistered by
fires of war and subjected to the ugly whims of coercion and
chance.
Take this challenge seriously. Inspire future generations
to praise and venerate you -- to say, as Churchill once said of
Britain: "this was their finest hour."
Good luck. Thank you very, very much.
#
#
#
#
There of returns To bicotery
E lements:
Varialent nationation
US isol atiorian
Tariff walls & trade was
Blunders to any pression
about building experime
more birdd on Coulf, to build
thing peace and security
ME Arms Control
NO.2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:42
PG.02
human rights still para persist or sentences
Alphabetical
need nations human
listing except
in some stipled fundamical and cuta. from in
for North Korea
Snow, McGroarty, Duggan
Grossman, Simon, Bunton
rights Rargoon to Pyongyang in
UN.TS
September 20, 1991
Estonia,
Drug
own
Paul
our
congrats civil spearsy
Ethiopia national can reciliation 5.af. progres the Lithuania marshall Islands,
We Draft are hopeful One reach that
Latiria,
Hope in angola
in
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY HALL
micronesia
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1991
12:45tt A.M.
two the Konkarea, and
the Republic of
[Introductory acknowledgments: incoming president: Mr.
people's the Republic
Democratic
united states welcomes the
of Korla
Shihabi; outgoing president, Mr. de Marco; Secretary General
Perez
de
Cuellar.
PERSONAL
REMINISCENCES]
new The member states of
Today I plan to deliver a different kind of address than you
I want to speak today
not have only to member governments but to ordinary utizens everywhere whose
heard from a President of the United States. I do not plan
most to dwell basic on hopes a superpower - for a rivalry better world that defined are brilliantly international reflected in the
politics Preamble of the 4N Charter The failure and of the the failure question: How we
for a half century, although I will discuss it for a
con've work together just, prospersons. Future generations now
moment, of because it provides to build a foundation - new for world my main that topic: is more The placeful,
new will world hold that accoundable faces us how & well we meet the opportunities before
For nearly Ms 50 years, for world affairs revolved around a confrontation to
over conflict between the free world the United States and other
two separate views of governance.
democracies and the communist world principally, the Soviet system
created by those
that could
Union. Many wars, many debates, many events reflected the
succeed
competition between two ideologies: communism, which asserted the
primacy of/governments over individuals; and democratic
cold and faceless dogma and control
capitalism, which declared that governments derive their just
rights from the people they serve.
for history has shown us one funtamental truth: that
At its core, the competition between ideologies hinged upon ultimately
one crucial question: Do people have inalienable rights? Can there government is
higher principles establish limits upon state power?
no alternative
to government
of the people, by the
CAMP DAVID NO.2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:43
PG.03
AIR FORCE ONE
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:26
PG.01
move to intro
& instructions
2
+
Well I look around this room and I see the answers. Today,
more not
a single delegation represents the people of Germany; two
fetter Hamas
delegations represent Korea; the republics of Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania all send their own delegations. Just one week ago, 159
dont
nations enjoyed membership in the U.N. Today, the number stands
:
breaking states
at 166. Seven nations in one week -- in fact, all joined in one
day: That S extraordinary. This burst in membership illustrates
the determination of people around the world to enjoy the rights
due them simply because they are human beings.
are entering
+opportunities The changes
We have entered a new era of individual rights
A
around the world hail a new age of liberty for people. The limits of
given tested the people
I look back upon the past year, and I also see the makings
and cooperation
of a new era of peacel Less than a year ago, the Soviet Union
joined the United States and a host of other nations in defending
a tiny country against aggression -- and opposing Saddam Hussein.
at moment, that
for the first time
cold was
For the very first time, Superpower competition took a back seat
to international cooperation.
At that moment, the Cold War truly drew to an end The
United Nations, in one of its finest moments, constructed a
measured, principled, deliberate and courageous response to
Saddam Hussein. This body stood up to an outlaw who threatened
not just Kuwait, but many states within the region. In so doing,
the United Nations itself may have thrown off the shackles of the
Cold War.
doviet
insert
Now, for the very first time, a world of promise has begun
emerging at dawn's first light.
Soviet insert
And only a month ago dismay quickly turned to exhiliration
as coup-plotters in the Soviet Union failed in their attempt to
derail reform in the USSR. Having defeated the forces of
reaction, Soviets can now turn to the task of building new
polticial systems based on democracy and markets. We must
support their efforts, while urging them in the strongest terms
to resolve their difficulties peacefully, by consensus,
preserving respect for human rights, and with equal rights for
minorities.
CAMP DAVID NO.2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:44
PG.04
AIR FORCE ONE
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:27
PG.02
3
In this world, nations take seriously the United Nations Charter
and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These documents,
A
signed in moments of high hope, once again can united and inspire
people of all nations, faiths and creeds.
Think about it: In the long history of the United Nations,
the Charter has enjoined us to to
superpower the competition rendered hopeless the charter's
froze out stifted hobbled
determination to save succeeding generations from the scourge of
prankly, are the
war
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the
they
als
of
dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men)
emotions
ideatic
and women and nations large and small
to promote social
progress and better standards of life in larger freedom."
For many in this room, and for many of the nations that
these theideals are
belong to this body, "larger freedom" did not exist during the
after
Let's
Cold War. Totalitarian regimes cared less about observing
four becad
look
individual rights than about forcing the masses to conform to a of
not
planner's vision of 8 perfect society. The totalitarian state
one
challenge
recite
tossed individuals about, murdered and tortured doubters, hurled
troublemakers into labor camps or sent them away to distant
is
before to us
give these
settlements all to silence men and women who tried to point
ideals
out that the theory of communism made no sense. It enforced
practical
meaning
ignorance and want upon people. It smothered their talents and in the
virtues. It imprisoned whole nations
lives of
india +
impossible. As Jeane Kirkpatrick, a former/ambassador us to the polices of govts
It survived as long as it did because it promised the
througher
United Nations, notes: Communism offered up a world view that was the world
:AMP DAWID NO.2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:45
PG.05
IR FORCE ONE
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:28
PG.03
4
universal, teleological, final, comprehensive, moral -- and
unifying: It promised an end to alienation.
It promised everything, and for years people reached out in
the vain hope that it could deliver everything for everyone.]
The communist ideal fell when people saw that freedom --
note
true freedom; an uncertain, risky, responsibility-fraught freedom
-- works. When they no longer could ignore the failures of their
governments and their economies, they rose up and shouted
defiantly: We are people! Treat us with dignity! Understand
that your power flows from us! In one of history's rich ironies,
were requdiated by
so-called Peoples' republics fell victim to the people.
The world
Many of us watched in amazement as the Berlin Wall came
as the Nicaraguans Haitlans established democracies,
tumbling down; as the old Warsaw Pact nations emerged from their
long dark confinement into the bright light and bracing air of
freedom. Some of us also wept with joy as kinsmen threw off
their chains, unfurled their flags, celebrated the cultures that
they had struggled so long -- and at such great personal peril -
- to keep alive, and preserved the common bonds that gave them
strength, courage, and hope that the forces of freedom eventually
would prevail over the minions of tyranny. The whole world
celebrated at as the sudden release of nations that for so many
hobbled
the
years had been held captive.
But inst communism lso made a captive of history. It suspended
Cold
interrupted
prempted
pursuit them Lisb
the
principles
inth
It's
ancient disputes; it subordinated suppressed ethnic rivalries and
charter,
tionalist
The end aspirations. the Cold was & icentral
lifting of
the of far night by authoritarin governments can unmack
CAMP DAVID NO.2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:46
PG.06
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:28
PG.04
AIR FORCE ONE
5
As totalitarian masters relaxed their grip on their victims,
and as individuals began again to taste their rightful freedom,
old animosities raced to the surface; old hatreds reasserted
themselves; and in the tumultuous aftermath of communism's
collapse, people who for years had been denied their past and
don't
mention
future began searching for their own identities.
names
-ss.
That struggle has unleashed warfare between Croatians and
contrate
can't
Serbians; Armenians and Azerbaijanis; Kurds and Iraqis
each
out Kinds
battle merely picking up hatreds that have festered for
they are
generations.
what
You see signs of this tumult everywhere, including here.
The United Nations has organized but four peacekeeping missions
moved
during its first 43 years; it has mounted nine missions in the
As the fear of nuclear holocaust recedes
past 36 months. Although we now seem mercifully liberated from
the fear of nuclear holocaust, we face new threats in the form of
smaller, but nonetheless virulent conflicts.
Communism also shattered fundamental social institutions:
the family, the community; the place of worship. expand We must restore
move
these institutions in our own quest for a New World Order -- and
dy
NWO should for
order characterized by the rule of law, rather than the resort to
force; the cooperative settlement of disputes, rather than
anarchic warfare.
pursuing
We must face this challenge squarely: First, by suing for
Ji
the peaceful resolutions of disputes now in progress; second, and
more importantly, by trying to prevent others from erupting.
continues
B
believe in
tertit.
the
us
at of
We believe stifor cityins
decide The but Hites continues to respect all risting borders, internal +
United external. any change can only scene engitimately through praceful
t
No one here can promise that today's borders will remain consensual
fixed for all time: They won't.
we must strive instead to ensure with consid
that people resolve border disputes peacefully, and that any new democrat
+ CSCE
nations that might join our community will arrive peacefully, and princip
One of the tragic
not after years of bloody savagery
- Section on UN preventive disamacy ethnic conflict, as
byproduct of
We can start preventing new hostilities by defending the well as
democracy
countries conflict is between
inalienable rights outlined in the UN's founding documents:
refugees. we as
a world community deal with
individual liberties, rights to property, and the protection of
These are fundamentals of democracy and of a New order World
minority rights. /If people cannot speak their minds; 1f they
must be able p
compessionated
cannot form political parties freely and elect governments
+ meet
their
Hate
positively
without coercion; if they cannot to practice their religion freely;
needs.
to
but negations
1f they cannot raise their families in peace; if they cannot
to
to
enjoy a just return from their labor; if they cannot live
fruitful lives and, at the end of their days, look upon their
achievements and their society's progress with pride -- if these
simple conditions for the good life do not exist, tempers will
stetems
flare and bullets will fly. Governments that fail to carry out
ies to the people
list?
their primary responsibility -- protecting the freedoms that
establish
enable people to live good lives -- will fall in favor of systems
justice,
that do.
domestic insure
In the years to come, we will face the challenge of
secretimate deace
reconciling people's yearnings for freedom and identity with the
defense
need to live in a peaceful world. We must nurture feelings
To the 1
people's sense of identity without shredding the fabric of
stensthin
the
international society, and without inciting the kind of bloody
tibity
from State
s
No one here can promise that today's borders will remain
fixed for all time: They won't, We must strive instead to ensure
that people resolve border disputes peacefully, and that any new
nations that might join our community will arrive peacefully, and
not after years of bloody savagery.
And
We can start preventing new hostilities by defending the
inalienable rights outlined in the UN's founding documents:
seekins That bunce Nations our
individual liberties, rights to property. and the protection of
acceptance accep
minority rights. If people cannot speak their minds; if they
cannot form political parties freely and elect governments
terminal
basic nights on must human standards and
without coarcion: 11 they cannot practice their religion freely;
persony
if they cannot raise their families in peace; if they cannot
commit to
principle
enjoy a just return from their labor; if they cannot live
the disputer-- of resciving
fruitful lives and, at the end of their days, look upon their
achievements and their sociaty's progress with pride -- if these
territivel or
simple conditions for the good life do not exist, tempers will
pencefully.
flare and bullets will fly. Governments that fail to carry out
their primary responsibility -- protecting the freedoms that
enable people to live good lives -- will fall in favor of systems
that do.
In the years to come, we will face the challenge of
reconciling people's yearnings for freedom and identity with the
need to live in a peaceful world. we must nurture feelings
people's sense of identity without shredding the fabric of
international society and without inciting the kind of bloody
7
Insert ftr re lives findir.
7
factionalism. that led to our first world war -- and ultimately,
perhaps, to the Cold War
For the people in this room, the challenge is simple: Honor
the commitments we have made by signing the United Nations
Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
NThis chamber in past years has made a mockery of its
founding document by distorting the meaning of such simple terms
as "liberty" and "democracy."
The New World Information and Communications Order and the
New World Economic Order enjoyed great currency here not too many
years ago. Both crusades mocked the principles upon which this
organization was founded. They promoted equality, by which they
meant an especially virulent form of envy. They ignored the
human striving to create lasting things; the human thirst for
sensible risk. It sought, under cover of lofty rhetoric, to
replace the natural human impulse for production and self-
expression with the corrosive striving to seize wealth from one
party and give it to another.
George Orwell once derided this dishonest rhetoric by
noting, "The words democracy, socialism, freedom, patriotic,
realistic, justice have each of them several different meanings
which cannot be reconciled with one another
Words of this kind
are often used in a consciously dishonest way. That is, the
person who uses them has his own private definition, but allows
his hearer to think he means something quite different.'
sort of this point
P.7
approach
The failure, tragic failure, of the
to rethink some very
Margist offers a new Upportunity
at the very least we must reling Their
man is notjust an iconomic animal.
We must question, therefore, whether the
explanation of the world's ills can be
found only in iconomic causes.
a new balance must be found, one
that meognizes the enormous suchos influence of
non-economir factor x culture, religion,
social structures, political organizations history
on an recomie base.
Thereforees are not just superstructives
This raises the possibility that fortising
democrater institutions and allowing free
markets and private interprise may help
economic development
mov. It strongly suggests that huge
atleastas much as the reverse, maybe
state bureaucracies should be dismantled
and uplaced by more modist ones that an
more responsive to the the pigh real nuds
Andit certainly means
The heated shetoir of oposing
idiologies should be replaced in This
world form with a more reasoned
dislogue, a more moderate discourse.
The old distortion of words must and and
in its place honest meanings must
may prevail.
Jpich up
goto 3379
8
David Hare, talking about the United Nations during the days
of hypocritical rhetoric, put the matter more bluntly. "When
they speak," he said of some representatives, "dead frogs fall
from their mouths."
If we hope to build confidence in our abilities to promte
prosperity and peace, we must reject the Newspeak of the old era
and speak clearly and honestly.
N
Let us begin with the charter's pledge "to practice
tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good
neighbors."
This pledge renounces bigotry and dishonesty, and commits
this body to tolerance and concord. In that spirit, I call upon
you today to repeal UNGA resolution 3379, the so-called "Zionism
is racism" resolution -- and to do so this year. Resolution 3379
not
invites the world to embrace religious bigotry and take sides on
neason
a dispute that has defied the best efforts of statesmen for
decades
support
In repealing this resolution no one agrees to submit
unequivocally to every decision made by the government of Israel.
Many of us will disagree with particular stands taken by Israel,
just as we do with any member state.
But understand: Zionism is not a policy; it is the idea that
led to the creation of a home for the Jewish people, to the state
of Israel. To equate Zionism with the intolerable sin of racism
is to twist history, since the Jewish people died by the millions
during World War II precisely because of their race. To equate
prejudice.
in the mt but
to its own
9
credibility + potential
Zionism with racism is to reject Israel -- something this body
cannot and should not do.
We stand on the verge of convening an historic peace
conference between Israel and its Arab neighbors. The United
contribute to
Nations can support this process by repealing unconditionally
by so doing the UN can contribute not
Resolution 3379; and conceding that each nation in this
just a
conference deserves a seat at the table
place prospects
The United Nations played a major role in ringing up the
200 clase
a link
final curtain on communism. It now has a chance to support a
to proce
Middle East peace. Repeal Resolution 3379. Give peace a chance.
The U.N. Charter also pledges to "employ international
machinery for the promotion of the economic and social
advancement of all peoples." I can think of no better way to
encourage this new era than by promoting the free flow of goods
and ideas.
In truth, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with
or without our help. The information revolution has destroyed
the weapons of enforced isolation and ignorance. It has made
geography obsolete. Ideas zip around the globe at the speed of
light. Devices of mass communication can send news over high
walls and through the thickest stone cells. In our lifetime,
communications
technology has overwhelmed tyranny, proving that the age of
information also can become the age of liberation -- if we limit
state power wisely and let our cultures make the best use of new
ideas, new products, new insights.
10
namy
By the same token, the world has lear
free markets provide levels of prosper
See my
happiness that centrally planned economies
suggetted change
E.
Even the most charitable reckoning of econo
mp. 10. Ocheriess
past decade indicates that the economies of
OK -I grow. the
grown at twice the rate of the former commun
part in horhets
7
lines throughout the former communist world
should sundy go.
Surprised by the
growth rates may have differed even more dra
amount d span
The pa requires economic growth
award to the
grow, they
Current wording
ulfill needs,
cortoper of
s imprecise &
ut the rationa
comminion.
opportunit:
fortualy many (e.g
permits evi
not at the ex]
ner vary 10 smoked
Im
lach of political nine, parachialism, and
to the ben
GATT's not were a Lterly)
This
Suggest tougher, more
onal relations a
incossant special pleading,
pointed longuage,
minimize t
I -- and especial
fle
conflict -
In
trade and free A1
Many
here have joined
,the latest in che
again,
Agreement on
2.
The Uruguay Round unfortunately
could heraed a new erá of trade liberalization, Unfortunately, this potential may nem is realized
has stalled, as nations struggle to retain comparative advantage
in various areas. This striving is natural, but it also
unless those engaged in the negotiations can put aside selfect, special intereds, the Record has 68 At
the verge of failure due to a
at is Time for or who whine an international
prevented negotiators from settling the greatest free trade
system of open trade to stand up, shows some gumptem, and fenally dring ihes trode reserral
N° TREATY!
agreement ever. to a successful constiturn. norhing and be more important to future
I I cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of completing
a new GATT treaty. Protectionism set off the Great Depression,
and a new wave of protectionism could unleash furies the likes of
which we have never seen.
ground and prosperty of developing countries
and the newly emergency demorrance of Ent
and center Enga than an open trading
environment which gives show an experimently to
earn then why -in this changed world and not
11
I call upon all members of GATT to redouble their efforts to
reach a successful conclusion for the Uruguay Round -- and then
per Zim
to begin yet another round of freer and fairer trade.
Deal
You see, economic progress promises more than full shop
shelves. It provides the soil in which democracy can flourish.
So the future beckons, full of hope. Yet as we venture to
create new ties, to forge a New World Order, we must avoid
embracing unrealistic hopes,
We have been liberated from the fear of nuclear
conflagration -- our nation's atomic scientists turned their
doomsday clock back to ten minutes before midnight last year;
this year, they may turn it back to noon But the end of the
Lastyr UNGA
Cold War issued in an entirely new set of uncertainties.
has ushered
Besouble splech
mentioned so
We must do our best to control nuclear proliferation, and
fuild on our efforts
Poneman say is fuild on"
prevent the spread of the poor man's atom bombs chemical and
the missiles to deliver them.
biological weapons, & We must remember that self-interest will
continue tugging nations in different directions, and these
struggles occasionally will flare into violence.
gig
We know that demagogues will try to peddle false dreams to
Lenguage Houss
people whose hunger for hope overwhelms their common sense. We
foom given small
can never say with confidence where the next conflict may arise,
which nation will spawn the next dangerous aggressor. Terrorists
and drug dealers
still use our citizens as pawns; and we must band together to
an
overwhelm these this affronts to basic human dignity.
O
mere 13 suill work to be done in the Persian Gulf; the
RAQ
UN is still engaged in following through on all aspects
to ensure peace and stability and meet humanitarian
concerns.
Six months after the passage of UNSCR 687 and 688 we
are confronted with a pattern of serious violations of
the cease fire by Saddam and his regime. Saddam
clearly is determined to rebuild his weapons of mass
destruction arsenal in flagrant violation of 687 while
subjecting his people to brutal repression despite 688.
O
Iraq's contempt for U.N. resolutions -- first
demonstrated in August 1990 and now illustrated
virtually very day -- means we must keep UN sanctions
in place as long as this regime stays in power.
O
UNSCR 706 created a responsible mechanism for providing
humanitarian relief to the people of Iraq Thas been
created and it should now be implemented.
O
The United States looks forward to the day when Iraq
has new leadership and can be integrated back into the
world community. A new Iraqi leadership that
indicates its willingness to live at peace with its
neighbors, respects U.N. resolutions, and provides its
own people with basic civil rights and an opportunity
for political participation will be met with warmth by
the U.S. and its neighbors in the region.
O
The Iraqi people have suffered more than anyone else
from their dictator's actions and we look forward to
the day when their agony ends.
Now cold, was the UN is at historic juncture. after 45 years
it is reinvigorated a salute
the UN security Council's steadfastment againt sragi aggression,
the people of group who have suffered as tadden Hussein turns on
are its compassion in providing 12 humanitarian assistance to
In a world defined by change, we must be as firm in
them. I
principle as we are flexible in our response to changing
salute the
major role
international affairs.
the UN has
been playing
I learned years ago that the United Nations has few
in conflict
resources for resolving large-scale conflicts. But I also came
resolution
, also
to love the special spirit of this place.
valute
UN
The strength of the United Nations lies in its economic, and dedicatic
P
+ development
to its
social, missions, in encouraging economic development -- and
deploying economic punishments, where necessary; in serving as a
vehicle through which willing parties can settle old disputes.
In the months to come, I look forward to working with Secretary
and his a we all
General Perez de Cuellar as we pursue peace in Cyprus, protect
democracy throughout Central America work toward resolving
El Lalvador, afghamistan
tensions in Cambodia, and try to establish a lasting peace the
Angolais is
Western Sahara, and Angola.
not
PT
Finally Pig Many of you may wonder about America's role in the
new world I have described. Let me assure you, The United States
has no intention of encouraging or building a Pax Americana. We
Pax mundi
encourage a Pax Terra constructed upon shared responsibilities
or Terrae
and aspirations.
alone
My nation cannot lead this world to a promising future of
wealth and well-being and it will not try. Nor will we surrender
our sovereignty to any international institution. NO nation
should do that.
would like t
We see part
Each of us has an obligation to follow where our national
Mark of aymentaling our rearge used
interests lead. Yet together, we have a responsibility for
A as we look to the new world, the ON willhave
fund in a to firth
to do even more and be more effective. I join with
a
those who would strengthen it through reform and
X especially endorse efforts assistance. to improve emergency. phimanitarian
13
building a common interest around shared principles. I have
talked today about the core values for our future: individual and
rule of law
minority liberties, democracy, free markets, and a collective
determination to advance these goals wherever we can.
We have an opportunity to spare our sons and daughters the
sins and feibles enors of the past; we can build a future more
satisfying than any our world has ever known.
None of us can hide from this responsibility. The
communications revolution and the evolution of weapons of mass
destruction have made it impossible for nations to isolate
more difficult
themselves. As we become increasingly linked by ties of security
and trade, it will become impossible to distinguish domestic
policy from foreign policy. Increasingly, we all depend upon one
another for our peace and our prosperity.
details
The only historical force we must confront $ the march
toward liberty. The future lies undefined before us, full of
promise; littered with peril. In our activities as citizens and
statesmen, we will define just what kind of future we shall
enjoy: a future made peaceful by reflection and choice, or one
blistered by fires of war and subjected to the ugly whims of
coercion and chance.
We can make history here. We can build a decent future
here. We can inaugurate an era of peace and understanding here.
Here, we can help define and shape a New World Order.
Take this challenge seriously Inspire future generations
to praise and venerate you. AO that future generations may say
of thispiriod of the United Nations, in the words of Winston
chmchill, "This was
14
Good luck, and may God bless the United Nations, and the
principles upon which it stands.
Soviet insert
And only a month ago dismay quickly turned to exhiliration
as coup-plotters in the Soviet Union failed in their attempt to
derail reform in the USSR. Having defeated the forces of
reaction, Soviets can now turn to the task of building new
polticial systems based on democracy and markets. We must
support their efforts, while urging them in the strongest terms
to resolve their difficulties peacefully, by consensus,
preserving respect for human rights, and with equal rights for
minorities.
Snow, McGroarty, Duggan
Grossman, Simon, Bunton
UN.TS
September 21, 1991
Draft Two
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY HALL
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1991
11 A.M.
Mr. President, thank you very much. Mr. Secretary General,
distinguished delegates of the United Nations, I am honored to
speak with you as you open the 46th Session of the General
Assembly.
I would like to congratulate outgoing President Guido de
Marco of Malta, and incoming President Samir Shihabi of Saudi
Arabia. I also want to salute Secretary General Javier Perez de
Cuellar, as he begins the final year of his outstanding term.
Secretary General Perez de Cuellar has served during a period of
unprecedented change and turmoil. The entire world owes an
enormous debt of gratitude to this man of peace; this man I feel
proud to call my friend. \\
The United States will look with great interest upon the
selection of your next Secretary General. But today, I simply
want to congratulate my friend, and praise his spectacular
service to the United Nations -- and the people of the world.
[ADDITIONAL PERSONAL REMINISCENCES]
I
will
Today I plan to deliver a different kind of address than you
have heard from a President of the United States. I will not
dwell on a superpower competition that defined international
politics for a half century Q although I will discuss it for a
2
will
describe
moment Instead, I would like to discuss the challenge of
blessed of
building a world of unprecedented peace and prosperity.
For nearly 50 years, world affairs revolved around a
confrontation between the free world -- the United States and
other democracies -- and the totalitarian world -- principally,
the Soviet Union.
At its core, the competition between ideologies hinged upon
two crucial questions: Do people have inalienable rights? And:
freedom
Which system of government best serves its people: totalitarian
socialism or democratic capitalism?
Well, I look around this room and I see the answers. Today,
a single delegation represents the people of Germany; two
delegations represent Korea; the republics of Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania send their own delegations, and you have seated new
missions from the Marshall Islands and Micronesia. Just one week
ago, 159 nations enjoyed membership in the U.N. Today, the
number stands at 166. coad ling
In recent months we as also have seen a momentous leap in
witnessed
cooperation between nations. Less than a year ago, the Soviet
Union joined the United States and a host of other nations in
defending a tiny country against aggression -- and opposing
Saddam Hussein. For the very first time on a matter of major
importance, superpower competition took a back seat to
international cooperation.
and the first sign of
a new ærder
At that moment, the Cold War truly drew to an end 1
The
apprared
United Nations, in one of its finest moments, constructed a
3
measured, principled, deliberate and courageous response to
Saddam Hussein. It stood up to an outlaw who invaded Kuwait, who
threatened many states within the region. [xxxx]
Since that historic time, increasing numbers of men and
women have begun to insist upon government of the people, by the
people and for the people -- a government consistent with the
goals of the U.N. Charter. In one of history's rich ironies, so-
tell
called Peoples' republics have answered to the people.
Just last month, coup plotters in the Soviet Union failed to
derail the forces of liberty and reform. The challenge facing
the Soviets -- that of building political systems based upon
individual liberty, minority rights, democracy and free markets -
- mirrors your own responsibility for encouraging peaceful,
democratic reform.
Now for the very first time, a world of promise has begun
to take shape -- like mountains emerging at dawn's first light
Now, for the first time, we have a real chance to fulfill
the U.N. Charter's ambition of working "to save succeeding
generations from the scourge of war
to reaffirm faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person, in the equal rights of men and women and nations large
and small
to promote social progress and better standards of
life in larger freedom."
We should not fool ourselves, however: many obstacles
confront us. Foremost among these may be what I will call the
resumption of history.
anti- Squitisn
Communism ^suspended many ancient disputes; it subordinated suppressed
held history captive It 4
ethnic rivalries and nationalist aspirations. As it has
dissolved, however, suspended hatreds. / leaped back to life. In
the tumultuous aftermath of communism's collapse, people who for
years had been denied their pasts began searching for their own
identities.
You see signs of this tumult here. The United Nations
organized but four peacekeeping missions during its first 43
years; it has mounted nine missions in the past 36 months.
Although we now seem mercifully liberated from the fear of
nuclear holocaust, we face new threats in the form of smaller,
but nonetheless virulent conflicts.
[possible section on Yugoslavia]
We must face this challenge squarely: First, by pursuing the
peaceful resolution of disputes now in progress; second, and more
importantly, by trying to prevent others from erupting.
No one here can promise that today's borders will remain
fixed for all time. But we must strive to ensure that people
settle border disputes peacefully and democratically.
[[I also hope the Security Council and the Secretary General
will study potential forms of preventive diplomacy.
In
particular, this body should seek ways of remaining fully
informed of events in potential trouble-spots, and of giving the
Secretary General the power to communicate directly with
disputing parties. [XXXX]
5
You also should consider the possible use of peacekeeping
forces in discouraging conflicts, and the potential for
forestalling disputes by employing Article 43 of the Charter. ]]
We [also] can hold off hostilities by defending the
inalienable rights outlined in the UN's founding documents.
If people cannot speak their minds; if they cannot form
political parties freely and elect governments without coercion;
if they cannot practice their religion freely; if they cannot
raise their families in peace; if they cannot enjoy a just return
from their labor; if they cannot live fruitful lives and, at the
end of their days, look upon their achievements and their
society's progress with pride -- if these simple conditions do
not exist, tempers will flare and bullets will fly. Governments
that fail to carry out their primary responsibility -- protecting
the freedoms that enable people to live good lives -- will fall
in favor of systems that do.
We must work to accommodate change without shredding the
fabric of international society; without inciting the kind of
bloody factionalism that led to our first World War -- and
ultimately, perhaps, to the Cold War.
Those of us in this room can begin by honoring the
commitments we made when we signed the United Nations Charter and
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Let us begin with the charter's pledge "to practice
tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good
neighbors." UNGA Resolution 3379, the so-called "Zionism is
6
racism" resolution, defies this pledge. I call upon you to
repeal it this year.
In repealing this resolution no one agrees to support
unequivocally every decision made by the government of Israel.
Many of us will disagree with particular stands taken by Israel,
just as we do with any member state.
But understand: Zionism is not a policy; it is the idea that
led to the creation of a home for the Jewish people, to the state
of Israel. To equate Zionism with the intolerable sin of racism
is to twist history, and forget the terrible plight of Jews in
World War II, and indeed throughout history. To equate Zionism
with racism is to reject Israel -- something this body cannot and
should not do.
We stand on the verge of convening an historic peace
conference between Israel and its Arab neighbors. The United
Nations can contribute to this process by repealing
unconditionally Resolution 3379. In so doing, the U.N. will
enhance its credibility and serve the cause of peace.
The U.N. Charter also pledges to "employ international
machinery for the promotion of the economic and social
advancement of all peoples. = VI can think of no better way to
fulfill this mission than to promote the free flow of goods and
ideas.
In truth, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with
or without our help. The information revolution has destroyed
the weapons of enforced isolation and ignorance. It has made
7
geography obsolete. In our lifetime, technology has overwhelmed
tyranny, proving that the age of information also can become the
age of liberation -- if we limit state power wisely and free our
people to make the best use of new ideas, products, and insights.
By the same token, the world has learned that free markets
provide levels of prosperity, growth and happiness that centrally
planned economies could never offer. Even the most charitable
reckoning of economic growth over the past decade indicates that
the economies of the free world have grown at twice the rate of
the former communist world.
The path to peace requires economic growth. Growth drives
out the impulse for envy; it permits every person to gain -- not
at the expense of others, but to the benefit of others.
This applies to international relations as well. We can
minimize the possibility of global conflict if we encourage free
trade and the free flow of information.
25
Many nations represented here the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Uruguay Round, the latest in
the postwar series of trade negotiations, could herald a new era
of free trade. Unfortunately selfish, special interests could
stall these talks.
Those who value a system of open
international trade must stand up, show some courage, and bring
the rugvay
this trade round to a successful conclusion.
Nothing could do more to enhance future international
prosperity, especially for developing nations. Here in this
Chamber we hear about North-South problems. But free and open
8
is Mel
trade, including unfettered access to markets and credit, offer
far more hope to the Third World than paltry, demeaning -- and
generally ineffective -- foreign aid hand-outs.
I cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of completing
the Uruguay Round. Protectionism set off the Great Depression,
and a new wave of protectionism could unleash furies the likes of
which we have never seen. Therefore, I call upon all members of
GATT to redouble their efforts to reach a successful conclusion
for the Uruguay Round.
I
]
bekare
You see, economic progress promises more than full shop
shelves. It provides the soil in which democracy can flourish.
We also should honor the Charter's emphasis on human rights.
Some nations still deny people their basic rights and voices
from Rangoon to Pyongyang cry out for freedom. In our own
hemisphere, the people of Cuba still suffer oppression at the
hands of a dictator who hasn't gotten the word, who hasn't
adapted to a world that has no use for totalitarian tyranny.
At the same time, we see new hope in the region. Nicaragua
and Haiti have enjoyed free elections. Democracy has taken root
in El Salvador and a host of other nations. The same trend has
begun rolling through Africa. South Africa has moved toward the
democracy so long denied its citizens; we remain hopeful that the
people of Ethiopia will achieve national reconciliation.
Yet
Other unfinished business beckons.
9
We must expand our efforts to control nuclear proliferation,
and prevent the spread of chemical and biological weapons, and
the missiles to deliver them.
We must remember that self-interest will continue tugging
nations in different directions, and that these struggles
occasionally will flare into violence.
We know that demagogues will try to peddle false promises to
people whose hunger for hope overwhelms their common sense.
We can never say with confidence where the next conflict may
not while damagogras dimage inity or 4th Gafrid,
arise, which nation will spawn the next dangerous aggressor.
Terrorists still use our citizens as pawns; drug dealers continue
destroying our people. We must band together to overwhelm these
affronts to basic human dignity. It is no longer acceptable to
shrug and say that one man's terrorist is another man's freedom
fighter. Let's put the law above the crude and cowardly practice
of hostage-holding.
In a world defined by change, we must be as firm in
principle as we are flexible in our response to changing
international conditions.
That is especially true today of the outlaw regime in Iraq.
Six months after the passage of U.N. Security Council Resolutions
687 and 688, Saddam continues to rebuild his weapons of mass
destruction and subject the Iraqi people to brutal repression.
His contempt for U.N. resolutions -- first demonstrated in
August 1990 -- shows that we must keep U.N. sanctions in place as
long as he remains in power.
10
This is not to say that we should punish the Iraqi people.
Security Council Resolution 706 created a responsible mechanism
for sending humanitarian relief to innocent Iraqi citizens. Now,
we must put that mechanism to work.
[any additional Iraq language] WRMUS
ardwillnet
We must not, abandon our principled stand against Saddam's
aggression. [This cooperative effort has liberated Kuwait; now it
must lead to a just government in Iraq .] ask general
I learned years ago that the United Nations has few
resources for resolving large-scale conflicts. But it $ can also of coorn,
learned that you can accomplish a great deal.
You can, for instance, encourage free-market economic
development, and deploy economic sanctions, where necessary. You
serve as as a vehicle through which willing parties can settle
old disputes. In the months to come, I look forward to working
with Secretary General Perez de Cuellar as we pursue peace in
Afghanistan, Cyprus, El Salvador, and the Western Sahara.
I also look forward to seeing the U.N. encourage the
restoration of fundamental social institutions: the family, the
And where the ,ustitutionsd traudom , HOVE 10cm dormant,
community; the place of worship. We must rebuild these
the da can halp
institutions 94 kg in our own quest for a New World Order -- an order raboild
characterized by the rule of law, rather than the resort to
force; the cooperative settlement of disputes, rather than the
anarchic warfare, and finally an abs. respect G. human A3
Finally, many of you may wonder about America's role in the
new world I have described. Let me assure you, The United States
11
ne desire
has no intention^of building a Pax Americana. We encourage a Pax
Universalis constructed upon shared responsibilities and
aspirations.
In oor D world: 101 nat n charged, WE stand fortra" W₂ Stand for Jame. Wealen
My nation cannot lead this world to a promising future of
wealth and well-being and it will not try. It will not surrender
one
its sovereignty to any international institution. Nonation
Lar
should do that. That is not what the U.N. is about.
The United Nations should not dictate to nations what kinds
nations
WE are all you states & shall 54mai- so. Hoorver
of governments they should have. A It can and should encourage the the UN
values upon which this organization was founded. Together, we
should insist that nations seeking our acceptance meet basic
standards of human rights, that they commit to the principle of
resolving their disputes peacefully ; that they honor individual
rights, protect minority rights, defend democracy, and establish
a fair, just rule of law.
My friends, we have an opportunity to spare our sons and
daughters the sins and errors of the past; we can build a future
more satisfying than any our world has ever known.
certainly we will not be able to hide: The communications
revolution and the evolution of weapons of mass destruction have
made it impossible for nations to isolate themselves forever. As
we become increasingly linked by ties of security and trade, it
will become impossible to distinguish domestic policy from
foreign policy. Now, more than ever, we depend upon one another
for our peace and our prosperity.
12
The Me future lies undefined before us, full of promise;
littered with peril. [we can choose the kind of world we want:
one made peaceful by reflection and choice, or [one blistered by
fires of war and subjected to the ugly whims of coercion and
chance
Take this challenge seriously. Inspire future generations
to praise and venerate you & to say, as Churchill once said of
Britain: "this was their finest hour. to say : they inavqurated a new
Good luck. Thank you very, very much.
41a of prack & under -
à in Go doing defined
#
#
#
#
a NWO.
Snow, McGroarty, Duggan
Grossman, Simon, Bunton
UN.TS
September 21, 1991
Draft Two
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY HALL
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1991
11 A.M.
Mr. President, thank you very much. Mr. Secretary General,
distinguished delegates of the United Nations, I am honored to
speak with you as you open the 46th Session of the General
Assembly.
I would like to congratulate outgoing President Guido de
Marco of Malta, and incoming President Samir Shihabi of Saudi
Arabia. I also want to salute Secretary General Javier Perez de
Cuellar, as he begins the final year of his outstanding term.
Secretary General Perez de Cuellar has served during a period of
unprecedented change and turmoil. The entire world owes an
enormous debt of gratitude to this man of peace; this man I feel
proud to call my friend. 11
The United States will look with great interest upon the
?
selection of your next Secretary General. But today, I simply
want to, congratulate my friend, and praise his spectacular
service to the United Nations -- and the people of the world.
[ADDITIONAL PERSONAL REMINISCENCES]
Today I plan to deliver a different kind of address than you
have heard from a President of the United States. I will not
dwell on a superpower competition that defined international
politics for a half century, although I will discuss it for a
Y
2
moment. Instead, I would like to discuss the challenge of
building a world of unprecedented peace and prosperity.
For nearly 50 years, world affairs revolved around a
confrontation between the free world -- the United States and
other democracies -- and the totalitarian world -- principally,
the Soviet Union.
At its core, the competition between ideologies hinged upon
two crucial questions: Do people have inalienable rights? And:
Which system of government best serves its people: totalitarian
socialism or democratic capitalism?
Well, I look around this room and I see the answers. Today,
juxt
a single delegation represents the people of Germany; two
delegations represent Korea; the republics of Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania send their own delegations, and you have seated new
missions from the Marshall Islands and Micronesia. Just one week
ago, 159 nations enjoyed membership in the U.N. Today, the
number stands at 166.
In recent months we also have seen a momentous leap in
cooperation between nations. Less than a year ago, the Soviet
Union joined the United States and a host of other nations in
defending a tiny country against aggression -- and opposing
Saddam Hussein. For the very first time on a matter of major
importance, superpower competition took a back seat to
international cooperation.
At that moment, the Cold War truly drew to an end. The
United Nations, in one of its finest moments, constructed a
precedent pm the posr Cold War
era Nor with have threatened
us
3
all.
measured, principled, deliberate and courageous response to
Saddam Hussein. It stood up to an outlaw who invaded Kuwait, who
threatened many states within the region regionamul who world have seo
a
Since that historic time, increasing numbers of men and
women have begun to insist upon government of the people, by the
people and for the people -- / a government consistent with the
goals of the U.N. Charter. In one of history's rich ironies, so-
called Peoples' republics have answered to the people.
Just last month, coup plotters in the Soviet Union failed to
derail the forces of liberty and reform. The challenge facing
the Soviets -- that of building political systems based upon
individual liberty, minority rights, democracy and free markets -
- mirrors your own responsibility for encouraging peaceful,
democratic reform.
Now, for the very first time, a world of promise has begun
to take shape -- like mountains emerging at dawn's first light.
Now, for the first time, we have a real chance to fulfill
the U.N. Charter's ambition of working "to save succeeding
generations from the scourge of war
to reaffirm faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person, in the equal rights of men and women and nations large
and small
to promote social progress and better standards of
life in larger freedom."
We should not fool ourselves, however: many obstacles
confront us. Foremost among these may be what I will call the
resumption of history.
I'd
his
we theme more
4
Communism suspended many ancient disputes; it subordinated
ethnic rivalries and nationalist aspirations. As it has
dissolved, however, suspended hatreds leaped back to life. In
the tumultuous aftermath of communism's collapse, people who for
years had been denied their pasts began searching for their own
identities.
You see signs of this tumult here. The United Nations
organized but four peacekeeping missions during its first 43
years; it has mounted nine missions in the past 36 months.
Although we now seem mercifully liberated from the fear of
nuclear holocaust, we face new threats in the form of smaller,
but nonetheless virulent conflicts.
needone
[possible section on Yugoslavia]
We must face this challenge squarely: First, by pursuing the
awally
peaceful resolution of disputes now in progress; second, and more
Thin
importantly, by trying to prevent others from erupting.
No one here can promise that today's borders will remain
fixed for all time. But we must strive to ensure that people
settle border disputes peacefully and democratically.
[[I also hope the Security Council and the Secretary General
will study potential forms of preventive diplomacy. In
?
particular, this body should seek ways of remaining fully
informed of events in potential trouble-spots, and of giving the
Secretary General the power to communicate directly with
disputing parties.
MUST learn from hisory to not
standing
5
You also should consider the possible use of peacekeeping
Managing
forces in discouraging conflicts, and the potential for
forestalling disputes by employing Article 43 of the Charter. ]]
We [also] can hold off hostilities by defending the
inalienable rights outlined in the UN's founding documents.
If people cannot speak their minds; if they cannot form
political parties freely and elect governments without coercion;
if they cannot practice their religion freely; if they cannot
raise their families in peace; if they cannot enjoy a just return
from their labor; if they cannot live fruitful lives and, at the
end of their days, look upon their achievements and their
society's progress with pride -- if these simple conditions do
not exist, tempers will flare and bullets will fly. Governments
that fail to carry out their primary responsibility -- protecting
the freedoms that enable people to live good lives -- will fall
in favor of systems that do.
We must work to accommodate change without shredding the
fabric of international society; without inciting the kind of
bloody factionalism that led to our first World War -- and
?
ultimately, perhaps, to the Cold War.
Those of us in this room can begin by honoring the
commitments we made when we signed the United Nations Charter and
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Let us begin with the charter's pledge "to practice
tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good
neighbors." UNGA Resolution 3379, the so-called "Zionism is
6
racism" resolution, defies this pledge. I call upon you to
repeal it this year.
In repealing this resolution no one agrees to support
unequivocally every decision made by the government of Israel.
Many of us will disagree with particular stands taken by Israel,
just as we do with any member state.
But understand: Zionism is not a policy; it is the idea that
led to the creation of a home for the Jewish people, to the state
of Israel. To equate Zionism with the intolerable sin of racism
is to twist history, and forget the terrible plight of Jews in
World War II, and indeed throughout history. To equate Zionism
with racism is to reject Israel -- something this body cannot and
musr
should not do.
one hur transfer direct
registeres
We stand on the verge of convening an historic peace
in the Middle East,
between
conference between Israel and its Arab neighbors
The United
Issue
Nations can contribute to this process by repealing
unconditionally Resolution 3379. In so doing, the U.N. will
Am registers
enhance its credibility and serve the cause of peace.
The U.N. Charter also pledges to "employ international
machinery for the promotion of the economic and social
advancement of all peoples." I can think of no better way to
fulfill this mission than to promote the free flow of goods and
ideas.
In truth, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with
or without our help. The information revolution has destroyed
the weapons of enforced isolation and ignorance. It has made
This body cannot on one has claim it supports place he
Millle Earr while childreng Israels legisinary the time.
7
geography obsolete. In our lifetime, technology has overwhelmed
tyranny, proving that the age of information also can become the
age of liberation -- if we limit state power wisely and free our
people to make the best use of new ideas, products, and insights.
By the same token, the world has learned that free markets
provide levels of prosperity, growth and happiness that centrally
planned economies could never offer. Even the most charitable
reckoning of economic growth over the past decade indicates that
the economies of the free world have grown at twice the rate of
the former communist world.
The path to peace requires economic growth. Growth drives
out the impulse for envy; it permits every person to gain -- not
at the expense of others, but to the benefit of others.
This applies to international relations as well. We can
minimize the possibility of global conflict if we encourage free
trade and the free flow of information.
Many nations represented here have joined the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Uruguay Round, the latest in
the postwar series of trade negotiations, could herald a new era
of free trade. Unfortunately selfish, special interests could
stall these talks. Those who value a system of open
international trade must stand up, show some courage, and bring
this trade round to a successful conclusion.
Nothing could do more to enhance future international
prosperity, especially for developing nations. Here in this
Chamber we hear about North-South problems. But free and open
8
raisis
trade, including unfettered access to markets and credit, offer
far more hope to the Third World than paltry, demeaning -- and
generally ineffective -- foreign aid hand-outs.
I cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of completing
the Uruguay Round. Protectionism set off the Great Depression,
what
in
furn
jet
the
and a new wave of protectionism could unleash furies the likes of
smyll
which we have never seen. Therefore, I call upon all members of
for
Ae
GATT to redouble their efforts to reach a successful conclusion
everyone
for the Uruguay Round.
Malitorn
skieter
You see, economic progress promises more than full shop
shelves. It provides the soil in which democracy can flourish.
We also should honor the Charter's emphasis on human rights.
PRC?
Some nations still deny people their basic rights, and voices
from Rangoon to Pyongyang cry out for freedom. In our own
hemisphere, the people of Cuba still suffer oppression at the
hands of a dictator who hasn't gotten the word, who hasn't
adapted to a world that has no use for totalitarian tyranny.
At the same time, we see new hope in the region. Nicaragua
and Haiti have enjoyed free elections. Democracy has taken root
in El Salvador and a host of other nations. The same trend has
begun rolling through Africa. South Africa has moved toward the
democracy so long denied its citizens; we remain hopeful that the
people of Ethiopia will achieve national reconciliation.
Other unfinished business beckons.
gt meethis was Mr m eart Non
to
&
9
We must expand our efforts to control nuclear proliferation,
and prevent the spread of chemical and biological weapons, and
sprital MEACZ stap
the missiles to deliver them.
We must remember that self-interest will continue tugging
the
nations in different directions, and that these struggles
reverx
occasionally will flare into violence.
We know that demagogues will try to peddle false promises to
people whose hunger for hope overwhelms their common sense.
We can never say with confidence where the next conflict may
arise, which nation will spawn the next dangerous aggressor.
environment
Terrorists still use our citizens as pawns; drug dealers continue
destroying our people. We must band together to overwhelm these
affronts to basic human dignity. It is no longer acceptable to
shrug and say that one man's terrorist is another man's freedom
fighter. Let's put the law above the crude and cowardly practice
of hostage-holding.
In a world defined by change, we must be as firm in
principle as we are flexible in our response to changing
international conditions.
That is especially true today of the outlaw regime in Iraq.
Six months after the passage of U.N. Security Council Resolutions
687 and 688, Saddam continues to rebuild his weapons of mass
destruction and subject the Iraqi people to brutal repression.
His contempt for U.N. resolutions -- first demonstrated in
August 1990 -- shows that we must keep U.N. sanctions in place as
long as he remains in power. And IF to thrus me cannA
compromise for in memo in seling not Irag is
ridded 1 im WMD.
10
This is not to say that we should punish the Iraqi people.
Security Council Resolution 706 created a responsible mechanism
for sending humanitarian relief to innocent Iraqi citizens. Now,
we must put that mechanism to work.
[any additional Iraq language]
We must not abandon our principled stand against Saddam's
aggression. This cooperative effort has liberated Kuwait; now it
must lead to a just government in Iraq. And alemit does, the Iragi people
can look
I learned years ago that the United Nations has few
forward to
resources for resolving large-scale conflicts. But I also
learned that you can accomplish a great deal.
a
better
You can, for instance, encourage free-market economic
ife,
free 1
development, and deploy economic sanctions, where necessary. You
for
serve as as a vehicle through which willing parties can settle
at
have
free to
old disputes. In the months to come, I look forward to working
trade
and his success
with Secretary General Perez de Cuellar as we pursue peace in
abroad.
Afghanistan, Cyprus, El Salvador, and the Western Sahara.
I also look forward to seeing the U.N. encourage the
restoration of fundamental social institutions: the family, the
community; the place of worship. We must rebuild these
institutions in our own quest for a New World Order -- an order
characterized by the rule of law, rather than the resort to
force; the cooperative settlement of disputes, rather than the
anarchic warfare.
Finally, many of you may wonder about America's role in the
new world I have described. Let me assure you, The United States
11
has no intention of building a Pax Americana. We encourage a Pax
Universalis constructed upon shared responsibilities and
aspirations.
My nation cannot lead this world to a promising future of
wealth and well-being and it will not try. It will not surrender
its sovereignty to any international institution. No nation
should do that. That is not what the U.N. is about.
The United Nations should not dictate to nations what kinds
of governments they should have. It can and should encourage the
values upon which this organization was founded. Together, we
should insist that nations seeking our acceptance meet basic
standards of human rights, that they commit to the principle of
resolving their disputes peacefully ; that they honor individual
rights, protect minority rights, defend democracy, and establish
a fair, just rule of law.
My friends, we have an opportunity to spare our sons and
daughters the sins and errors of the past; we can build a future
more satisfying than any our world has ever known.
Certainly, we will not be able to hide: The communications
revolution and the evolution of weapons of mass destruction have
made it impossible for nations to isolate themselves forever. As
we become increasingly linked by ties of security and trade, it
will become impossible to distinguish domestic policy from
foreign policy. Now, more than ever, we depend upon one another
for our peace and our prosperity.
+
get
12
The future lies undefined before us, full of promise;
littered with peril. We can choose the kind of world we want:
one made peaceful by reflection and choice, or one blistered by
fires of war and subjected to the ugly whims of coercion and
chance.
Take this challenge seriously. Inspire future generations
to praise and venerate you -- to say, as Churchill once said of
Britain: "this was their finest hour."
Good luck. Thank you very, very much.
#
#
#
#
- US pl for need
- Misus
hosing
)
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
TIME STAMP
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT STAFFING DOCUMENT
URGENT
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SYSTEM LOG NUMBER:
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ACTION OFFICER: Dyke
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Prepare Memo For Scowcroft/Gates
Appropriate Action
Prepare Memo For Brady
Prepare Memo for Sittmann
Prepare Memo Scowcroft
to SNOW CC: Brady
CONCURRENCES/COMMENTS*
PHONE* to action officer at ext.
5694
Concur FYI
Concur FYI
Concur fyi
Barth
Hewett
Pilling
Basora
Hutchings
Poneman
Beers
Johnson
Popadiuk
Broome
Kanter
Pryce
Burns
Kitchen
Rademaker
Canas
Kuehne
Rostow
Chamberlin
Lampley
Tilley
-
Charles
Laposa
Tobey
Davis
Lundsager
Van Eron
Deal
Melby
Watson
Dyke
Menan
Welch
Frasure
Merchant
Whitley
Fry
Needles
Wilson
Gordon
O'Leary
Working
Gompert
Paal
McNamara
Haass
Pacelli
Hayden
Pavitt
INFORMATION
Sittmann
Hill
Exec Sec Desk
Scowcroft (advance)
Gates (advance)
Secretariat
COMMENTS
URGENT
Logged By Jhm
Return to Secretariat
379 OEOB
CAMP DAVID NO.2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:42
PG.02
Alphabetical
listing except
for North Korea
Snow, McGroarty, Duggan
Grossman, Simon, Bunton
UN.TS
September 20, 1991
Estonia,
Draft One
Latiria,
the Lithuania marshall
glands,
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY HALL
micronesia,
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1991
the Republic of
and
12:4511 A.M.
[Introductory acknowledgments: incoming president: Mr.
people's the Republic
The united
Secretary states General welcomes the
of Korea.
Shihabi; outgoing president, Mr. de Marco;
Perez de Cuellar. PERSONAL REMINISCENCES]
new member states of
Today I plan to deliver a different kind of address than you
have heard from a President of the United States. I do not plan
to dwell on a superpower rivalry that defined international
us in this time
politics for a half century, although I will discuss it for How a we
can work together prosperous. Future generations now
moment, because it provides Do build a foundation a new for world my main that topic: in more The placeful,
new will world hold that accountable faces us all. just, how + well we meet the opportunities before
For nearly Mo 50 years, for world affairs revolved around a compontation
over conflict two between separate the viwsof free world governance. the United States and other to
democracies and the communist world principally, the Soviet system
created by those
that could
Union. Many wars, many debates, many events reflected the
succeed.
competition between two ideologies: communism, which asserted the
primacy of governments over individuals; and democratic
cold and faceless dogna and control
capitalism, which declared that governments derive their just
rights from the people they serve.
Now history has shown us one funtamental truth that
At its core, the competition between ideologies hinged upon government ultimately
one crucial question: Do people have inalienable rights? Can there is
higher principles establish limits upon state power?
no alternative
to government
of the people, by the
people, + for the people.
CAMP DAVID NO. 2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:43
PG.03
AIR FORCE ONE
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:26
PG.01
move to intro
4
2
+
Well, I look around this room and I see the answers. Today,
more not
a single delegation represents the people of Germany; two
fetter Haass
delegations represent Korea; the republics of Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania all send their own delegations. Just one week ago, 159
lont
nations enjoyed membership in the U.N. Today, the number stands
breaking states
at 166. Seven nations in one week -- in fact, all joined in one
day: That extraordinary. This burst in membership illustrates
the determination of people around the world to enjoy the rights
due them simply because they are human beings.
are entering
opportunities The changes
We have entered a new era of individual rights
A
around the world hail a new the age people of liberty for people. the limits of
I look back upon the past year, and I also see the makings
and cooperation
of a new era of peace Less than a year ago, the Soviet Union
joined the United States and a host of other nations in defending
a tiny country against aggression -- and opposing Saddam Hussein.
at moment, that
for the first time
cold was
For the very first time, superpower competition took a back seat
to international cooperation.
At that moment, the Cold War truly drew to an end The
United Nations, in one of its finest moments, constructed a
measured, principled, deliberate and courageous response to
Saddam Hussein. This body stood up to an outlaw who threatened
not just Kuwait, but many states within the region. In so doing,
the United Nations itself may have thrown off the shackles of the
Cold War.
doviet insert
Now, for the very first time, a world of promise has begun
like mountains emerging at dawn's first light.
CAMP DAVID NO. 2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:44
PG.04
AIR FORCE ONE
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:27
PG.02
3
In this world, nations take seriously the United Nations Charter
and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These documents,
A
signed in moments of high hope, once again can united and inspire
people of all nations, faiths and creeds.
2he Charter has enjoined us to to
Think about it: In the long history of the United Nations,
superpower the competition rendered hopeless the charter
fraze out stifled hobbled
determination to save succeeding generations from the scourge of
Trankly, the
war
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the
they are ls of
dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men nations ideals. identics
and women and nations large and small
to promote social
progress and better standards of life in larger freedom."
For many in this room, and for many of the nations that
these theideals are
belong to this body, "larger freedom" did not exist during the
after
Let's
Cold War. Totalitarian regimes cared less about observing
four decades
forkers
individual rights than about forcing the masses to conform to a
to
at
planner's vision of a perfect society. The totalitarian state
one
challenge
recite
tossed individuals about, murdered and tortured doubters, hurled
troublemakers into labor camps or sent them away to distant
is
before to us
give these
settlements all to silence men and women who tried to point
practical ideals
out that the theory of communism made no sense. It enforced
ignorance and want upon people. It smothered their talents and
meaning in the
virtues. It imprisoned whole nations.
lives of
indivit in dis +
It survived as long as it did because it promised the
US
impossible. As Jeane Kirkpatrick, a former ambassador to the
polices of govts
throughou
United Nations, notes: Communism offered up a world view that was
the world
AMP DAVID NO.2:
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:45
PG.05
IR FORCE ONE
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:28
PG.03
4
universal, teleological, final, comprehensive, moral -- and
unifying: It promised an end to alienation.
It promised everything, and for years people reached out in
the vain hope that it could deliver everything for everyone
The communist ideal fell when people saw that freedom
true freedom; an uncertain, risky, responsibility-fraught freedom
-- works. When they no longer could ignore the failures of their
governments and their economies, they rose up and shouted
defiantly: We are people! Treat us with dignity! Understand
that your power flows from us! In one of history's rich ironies,
were regudiated by
so-called Peoples' republics fell victim to the people.
The world
Many of us watched in amazement as the Berlin Wall came
as the Nicaraguans Haitians established democracies,
tumbling down; as the old Warsaw Pact nations emerged from their
long dark confinement into the bright light and bracing air of
freedom. Some of us also wept with joy as kinsmen threw off
their chains, unfurled their flags, celebrated the cultures that
they had struggled so long -- and at such great personal peril -
- to keep alive, and preserved the common bonds that gave them
strength, courage, and hope that the forces of freedom eventually
would prevail over the minions of tyranny. The whole world
celebrated at as the sudden release of nations that for so many
hobbled
the
years had been held captive.
prempted
pursuit the of Stools
But communism Cold) also made a captive of history. It suspended
the
interrupted
principles
inth
#
ancient disputes; it subordinated supprebed ethnic rivalries and
charter,
nationalist
lifting of
The end aspirations. of the Cold was & icentral
fairight left I the far night
dd rivalries among people.
by authoritarian governments can unmack
CAMP DAVID NO.2
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:46
PG.06
FRI 20 SEP 91 21:28
PG.04
AIR FORCE ONE
5
As totalitarian masters relaxed their grip on their victims,
and as individuals began again to taste their rightful freedom,
old animosities raced to the surface; old hatreds reasserted
themselves; and in the tumultuous aftermath of communism's
collapse, people who for years had been denied their past and
Don't mention
future began searching for their own identities.
names sg.
That struggle has unleashed warfare between Croatians and
contrate
can't
Serbians; Armenians and Azerbaijanis; Kurds and Iraqis each
May
out Kinds-
battle merely picking up hatreds that have festered for
they ase
generations.
whore
You see signs of this tumult everywhere, including here.
The United Nations has organized but four peacekeeping missions
moved
during its first 43 years; it has mounted nine missions in the
past 36 months. Although we now seem mercifully liberated from
the fear of nuclear holocaust, we face new threats in the form of
smaller, but nonetheless virulent conflicts.
Communism also shattered fundamental social institutions:
expand
the family, the community; the place of worship. We must restore
move
these institutions in our own quest for a New World Order -- and
P.7
NWO should be
order characterized by the rule of law, rather than the resort to
force; the cooperative settlement of disputes, rather than the
anarchic warfare.
pursuing
We must face this challenge squarely: First, by suing for
If
the peaceful resolutions of disputes now in progress; second, and
more importantly, by trying to prevent others from erupting.
the
continues
to
believe
We believe stisfor integrity citying
taxitorial
not
us
at nice of
afcide but Hates continues to respect all ricoting borders, internalt
The United external any change can only secur engitimately through peaceful
+
No one here can promise that today's borders will remain consensual
fixed for all time: They won't. We must strive instead to ensure with consiste
that people resolve border disputes peacefully, and that any new democrated
+ CSCE
nations that might join our community will arrive peacefully, and principle
not after years of bloody savagery
- Section on UN preventive dipamacy
We can start preventing new hostilities by defending the
democracy
inalienable rights outlined in the UN's founding documents:
individual liberties, rights to property, and the protection of
These are fundamentals of democracy and of a New order. world
minority rights. ^If people must be able to cannot speak their minds; if they
cannot form political parties freely and elect governments
state.
to
Hositively
without coercion; if they cannot practice their religion freely;
1f they cannot raise their families in peace; if they cannot
to
enjoy a just return from their labor; if they cannot live
fruitful lives and, at the end of their days, look upon their
achievements and their society's progress with pride -- if these
simple conditions for the good life do not exist, tempers will
flare and bullets will fly. Governments that fail to carry out
ies to the people
list?
their primary responsibility protecting the freedoms that
enable people to live good lives -- will fall in favor of systems
that do.
In the years to come, we will face the challenge of
reconciling people's yearnings for freedom and identity with the
need to live in a peaceful world. We must nurture feelings
people's sense of identity without shredding the fabric of
international society, and without inciting the kind of bloody
Sort of this point
The fopelure, approach tranje failene, time of the
Marjist throughama offers a new Uportunity
to at rethink
the my must realize
man is notjust an iconomic animal.
We therefore, whether the
exylanation of the world's ills can be
found only in Monomic causes.
far new balance must befound, one
that neogniges the enormous such as influence of
mon- economic factors X culture, religion,
social structures, political organing ations, history
These forces are not just superstrections
on an recomie base.
This raises the possibility that fosting
democrates institutions and allowing free
markets and private interprise may help
economic development
mov. It strongly suggests that huge
atleastas much as the reverse, maybe
state should be dismantled
and uplaud by more modist ones. that are
more responsive to the thi pigle's real nuds.
Insert ftr re lives +indir
7
factionalism that led to our first world war -- and ultimately,
perhaps, to the Cold war.
For the people in this room, the challenge is simple: Honor
the commitments we have made by signing the United Nations
Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
[[This chamber in past years has made a mockery of its
founding document by distorting the meaning of such simple terms
as "liberty" and "democracy."
The New World Information and Communications Order and the
New World Economic Order enjoyed great currency here not too many
years ago. Both crusades mocked the principles upon which this
organization was founded. They promoted equality, by which they
meant an especially virulent form of envy. They ignored the
human striving to create lasting things; the human thirst for
sensible risk. It sought, under cover of lofty rhetoric, to
replace the natural human impulse for production and self-
expression with the corrosive striving to seize wealth from one
party and give it to another.
George Orwell once derided this dishonest rhetoric by
noting, "The words democracy, socialism, freedom, patriotic,
realistic, justice have each of them several different meanings
which cannot be reconciled with one another
Words of this kind
are often used in a consciously dishonest way. That is, the
person who uses them has his own private definition, but allows
his hearer to think he means something quite different."
8
David Hare, talking about the United Nations during the days
of hypocritical rhetoric, put the matter more bluntly. "When
they speak," he said of some representatives, "dead frogs fall
from their mouths."
If we hope to build confidence in our abilities to promte
prosperity and peace, we must reject the Newspeak of the old era
and speak clearly and honestly. N
Let us begin with the charter's pledge "to practice
tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good
neighbors."
This pledge renounces bigotry and dishonesty, and commits
this body to tolerance and concord. In that spirit, I call upon
you today to repeal UNGA resolution 3379, the so-called "Zionism
is racism" resolution -- and to do so this year.
Resolution 3379
not
invites the world to embrace religious bigotry and take sides on
measary
a dispute that has defied the best efforts of statesmen for
decades
support
In repealing this resolution no one agrees to submit
unequivocally to every decision made by the government of Israel.
Many of us will disagree with particular stands taken by Israel,
just as we do with any member state.
But understand: Zionism is not a policy; it is the idea that
led to the creation of a home for the Jewish people, to the state
of Israel. To equate Zionism with the intolerable sin of racism
is to twist history, since the Jewish people died by the millions
during World War II precisely because of their race. To equate
prejudice.
in the ME but
to its own
9
credibility + potential
Zionism with racism is to reject Israel -- something this body
cannot and should not do.
We stand on the verge of convening an historic peace
conference between Israel and its Arab neighbors. The United
contribute a
Nations can support this process by repealing unconditionally
by 00 doing the UN can contribute not
Resolution 3379; and conceding that each nation in this just
R
conference deserves a seat at the table
peace prospects,
The United Nations played a major role in ringing up the
200 close
final curtain on communism. It now has a chance to support a
a link
to peace
Middle East peace. Repeal Resolution 3379. Give peace a chance.
The U.N. Charter also pledges to "employ international
machinery for the promotion of the economic and social
advancement of all peoples." I can think of no better way to
encourage this new era than by promoting the free flow of goods
and ideas.
In truth, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with
or without our help. The information revolution has destroyed
the weapons of enforced isolation and ignorance. It has made
geography obsolete. Ideas zip around the globe at the speed of
light. Devices of mass communication can send news over high
walls and through the thickest stone cells. In our lifetime,
technology has overwhelmed tyranny, proving that the age of
information also can become the age of liberation -- if we limit
state power wisely and let our cultures make the best use of new
ideas, new products, new insights.
10
By the same token, the world has learned that capitalism
free markets provide levels of prosperity, growth and
happiness that centrally planned economies could never dream of.
Even the most charitable reckoning of economic growth over the
past decade indicates that the economies of the free world have
grown at twice the rate of the former communist world. But long
lines throughout the former communist world indicate that the
growth rates may have differed even more dramatically.
The path to peace requires economic growth. when economies
grow, they serve people, they fulfill needs, and they create
opportunities. Growth drives out the rationale for envy; it
permits every person to gain -- not at the expense of others, but
each of political wine, parachialism, and
to the benefit of others.
This applies to international relations as well. We can
incessant special pleading,
minimize the possibility of war -- and especially of global
flow of
conflict if we protect free trade and free information.
Many nations represented here have joined the General
,the latest in the postume serves of trade negatives,
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Uruguay Round unfortunately
could herald a new era of trade liberalization, Unfortunately, this potential may nem le realized
has stalled, as nations struggle to retain comparative advantage
unless those engaged in the negotiations can put ande seefech, special interests. the Record $ m
in various areas. This striving is natural, but it also has
the verge of failure due to
at 10 time for are who value an international
prevented negotiators from settling the greatest free trade
system of open trade to stand up, show some gumptim, and fenally bring ihes trade recent
No TREATY!
agreement ever. to a successful conclusion. norhing and be more important to future
I cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of completing
a new GATT treaty. Protectionism set off the Great Depression,
and a new wave of protectionism could unleash furies the likes of
which we have never seen.
growth and prosperty of developing countries
forest
and the newly emerging demorracies of Ent
and cented Enga chan an open trading
not
environment which gives when an expertence to
earn then way this changed would and not
11
I call upon all members of GATT to redouble their efforts to
reach a successful conclusion for the Uruguay Round -- and then
per Zim
to begin yet another round of freer and fairer trade.
Deal
You see, economic progress promises more than full shop
shelves. It provides the soil in which democracy can flourish.
So the future beckons, full of hope. Yet as we venture to
create new ties, to forge a New World Order, we must avoid
embracing unrealistic hopes,
We have been liberated from the fear of nuclear
conflagration -- our nation's atomic scientists turned their
doomsday clock back to ten minutes before midnight last year;
this year, they may turn it back to noon But the end of the
Lastyr UNGA
Cold War has issued in an entirely new set of uncertainties.
Redouble splech
ment oned so
We must do our best to control nuclear proliferation, and
build on our efforts
Poneman say " fuild on"
prevent the spread of the poor man's atom bombs chemical and
the missiles to deliver them.
biological weapons. We must remember that self-interest will
continue tugging nations in different directions, and these
struggles occasionally will flare into violence.
grag
We know that demagogues will try to peddle false dreams to
Lenguage
people whose hunger for hope overwhelms their common sense. We
tom given Marcier
can never say with confidence where the next conflict may arise,
which nation will spawn the next dangerous aggressor. Terrorists
and drug dealers
still use our citizens as pawns; and we must band together to
are
overwhelm these this affronts to basic human dignity.
O
mere 13 suill work to be done in the Persian Gulf; the
UN is still engaged in following through on all aspects
IRAQ
to ensure peace and stability and meet humanitarian
concerns.
Six months after the passage of UNSCR 687 and 688 we
are confronted with a pattern of serious violations of
the cease fire by Saddam and his regime. Saddam
clearly is determined to rebuild his weapons of mass
destruction arsenal in flagrant violation of 687 while
subjecting his people to brutal repression despite 688.
Iraq's contempt for U.N. resolutions -- first
demonstrated in August 1990 and now illustrated
virtually very day -- means we must keep UN sanctions
in place as long as this regime stays in power.
UNSCR 706 created a responsible mechanism for providing
humanitarian relief to the people of Iraq has been
created and it should now be implemented.
The United States looks forward to the day when Iraq
has new leadership and can be integrated back into the
world community. A new Iraqi leadership that
indicates its willingness to live at peace with its
neighbors, respects U.N. resolutions, and provides its
own people with basic civil rights and an opportunity
for political participation will be met with warmth by
the U.S. and its neighbors in the region.
O
The Iraqi people have suffered more than anyone else
from their dictator's actions and we look forward to
the day when their agony ends.
frinkerochievement, it is reinvigorated a salute
Now cold, the was UN is at historic juncture. after 45 years
the UN security Council's steadfortment againt sragi aggression,
the people of group who have suffered as sadden Hussein turns on
are its compassion in providing 12 humanitarian assistance to
In a world defined by change, we must be as firm in
them. I
principle as we are flexible in our response to changing
salute the
major role
international affairs.
the UN has
been playing
I learned years ago that the United Nations has few
in conflict
resources for resolving large-scale conflicts. But I also came
I resolution also
to love the special spirit of this place.
salute
UN
The strength of the United Nations lies in its economic, and dedication
PP
t development
to its
social, missions, in encouraging economic development -- and
deploying economic punishments, where necessary; in serving as a
vehicle through which willing parties can settle old disputes.
In the months to come, I look forward to working with Secretary
and his successon as we all
General Perez de Cuellar as we pursue peace in Cyprus, protect
democracy throughout Central America, work toward resolving
El Lalvador, afgharistan
tensions in Cambodia, and try to establish a lasting peace the
Angolais is
Western Sahara, and Angola.
not
#
Finally PP many of you may wonder about America's role in the
new world I have described. Let me assure you, The United States
has no intention of encouraging or building a Pax Americana. We
Pax mundi
encourage a Pax Terra constructed upon shared responsibilities
or Terrae
and aspirations.
alone
My nation cannot lead this world to a promising future of
wealth and well-being and it will not try. Nor will we surrender
our sovereignty to any international institution. No nation
should do that.
Each of us has an obligation to follow where our national
interests lead. Yet together, we have a responsibility for
PP as we look to the new world, the ON willhave
to do even more and be more effective. I join with
those who would strengthen it through reform, and
D especially endorse efforts to improve emergency. phimanitarian
13
building a common interest around shared principles. I have
talked today about the core values for our future: individual and
minority liberties, democracy, free markets, and a collective
determination to advance these goals wherever we can.
We have an opportunity to spare our sons and daughters the
enors
sins and feibles of the past; we can build a future more
satisfying than any our world has ever known.
None of us can hide from this responsibility. The
communications revolution and the evolution of weapons of mass
destruction have made it impossible for nations to isolate
more difficult
themselves. As we become increasingly linked by ties of security
and trade, it will become impossible to distinguish domestic
policy from foreign policy. Increasingly, we all depend upon one
another for our peace and our prosperity.
hotstated
The only historical force we must confront 18 the march
toward liberty. The future lies undefined before us, full of
promise; littered with peril. In our activities as citizens and
statesmen, we will define just what kind of future we shall
enjoy: a future made peaceful by reflection and choice, or one
blistered by fires of war and subjected to the ugly whims of
coercion and chance.
We can make history here. We can build a decent future
here. We can inaugurate an era of peace and understanding here.
Here, we can help define and shape a New World Order.
Take this challenge seriously Inspire future generations
to praise and venerate you. DO that fusters generations may say
of thispiriod of Nations, in the words of Winston
chmchill, This was