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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Draft Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13584 Folder ID Number: 13584-006 Folder Title: Lecture Series Questions & Answers 10/7/91 [OA 6037] [1] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 17 3 6 Document No. 275806SS 91 OCT 7 A8: WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM --- DATE: October 5, 1991 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th SUBJECT: (10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH SNOW CARD FIRESTONE DEMAREST PORTER ROSE FITZWATER GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: The attached has been forwarded to the President. RESPONSE: PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON 91 OCT 4 P6: 05 October 4, 1991 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT THROUGH: DAVID DEMAREST TONY SNOW 75 FROM: CURT SMITH is SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL LECTURE SERIES On Monday, October 7th, at 5:00 p.m. you will deliver remarks (eight minutes) introducing the fourth lecture in the Presidential Lecture Series. President George Washington is the focus of this lecture, and Professor Gordon Wood is the historian. Your speech focuses on Washington's unique role as America's first President, his accomplishments, and his legacy. (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress. Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His likeness has been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President. )) // We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important 2 office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. // Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." / Those words remind me of another First Lady. But I'd have to add of Barbara, "Faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. " // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris shortly after the Battle of Yorktown. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / 3 Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ")) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth. // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people." He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom's sacred flame and the chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // 4 ((Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a Visiting Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # Document No. 27618455 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 91 OCT 7 P12: 36 DATE: October 5, 1991 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BYMonday, 10/07, 10:00 a.m. SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: Lecture Series Q & A/October 7th. (10/04 draft two) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER > BRADY ROGICH У BROMLEY SMITH CARD > SNOW DEMAREST < FIRESTONE PORTER ROSE FITZWATER > GRAY HOLIDAY S REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 10:00 a.m. on Monday, 10/07, with a copy to this office. Thank you. RESPONSE: Th DS PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 (Grossman/Smith) October 4, 1991 01 OCT 4 PS: 37 Draft Two QA PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES Q&A EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 1) What is there about President George Washington that you admire most? We remember Washington as Father of our Country. Few men could have confronted the challenges of the birth of a nation with his quiet strength and insight. He used his executive powers wisely. He made the conduct of foreign policy a presidential priority. He set the standard of leadership for future Presidents to follow. 2) Thomas Jefferson wrote of President Washington, "[His mind] was slow in operation but sure in conclusion." Could Washington, known for his deliberate prudence, function in today's world? The world of 1776 was far different than any of us can even imagine. A simple trip from New York to Philadelphia took three days. Imagine how long it took for a diplomatic response to cross an ocean. Today, information and communications travel at the speed of light. Decision-making requires the ability to respond to events -- not be controlled by them. of course, Washington might not be able to answer all his mail the way he liked to \ but I believe his deliberation and prudence would serve him well. 3) In his farewell address, Washington urged caution when dealing with foreign nations. In fact he wárned against becoming politically involved to any degree. Does Washington's "Great rule" hold any lesson for us today? Again, the world that witnessed the American Revolution was different place our world. As Washington was helping mold a young and fragile democracy, the clouds of conflict were gathering in Europe. Washington feared that American involvement in the storm could only threaten her "sacred flame of liberty." Americans have always been wary of involvements where our interests are not at stake. But as we emerged as the world's preeminent power, we also understood the responsibility that comes with strength. Washington also wrote: "Our cause is noble, it is the cause of mankind!" I believe he understood that the ideals for which America stands cannot be locked within borders. I believe he understood the universal implications -- and responsibilities -- that flowed from America's great experiment. 4) Washington was disturbed by the growth of conflicting political parties. In fact he tried to discourage their growth. Washington believed unity was the main pillar of our independence. Obviously today, political parties thrive and conflicting influences flourish. Do you see any threat to our "main pillar"? President Washington led as Americans built that "main pillar. Today we enjoy a security in our consensus on the values of our Founding Fathers. Remember, at the end of the Revolution, there were voices demanding the institution of an American monarchy. Much of the America we now take for granted was still in the making. But history has proven the American experiment successful. We do not tolerate diversity merely because America is strong -- America is strong because we tolerate diversity. 5) Let's talk about Washington's military achievements. Although he was slow to decide political issues, Washington was a tenacious military commander. He was one of the first American leaders to consider using force against the British crown to "maintain liberty." He was our first commander in chief. How would you gauge his military record? America's revolutionary soldiers didn't have superior weapons or fancy brass-buttoned uniforms. But they did have the most essential military resource -- a great leader. His command showed great tenacity and faith in his troops and his cause. His troops fought -- and won -- against the odds. He was called the Fox, as a tribute to his wily, calculated tactics. And while lack of equipment and training often defeated his troops in battles, his determination and commitment that helped us win a war. Washington was motivated not by the promise of booty or decorations, but by a belief in the cause of liberty, writing, that no man should scruple, or hesitate to use arms in defense of so valuable a blessing. 6) In the colonies the idea of independence was not widely accepted. There was a general distrust of the leaders of the Congress. Yet Washington became the chief symbol in our revolution against the King. why was that? The movement to break with the British crown was not a popular one. The delegates attending the Continental Congress were not popularly elected. But even as the majority of colonists respected the King's authority, Washington was emerging as a figure of broad appeal and near-legendary accomplishment. His war record as a frontier commander lionized him in the eyes of early Americans; and his fifteen year record as a Virginia legislator was respected and admired. 7) What lessons can we today draw for ourselves given our world of independence movements? First, the American revolution was not waged to preserve any particular boundary or to impose dominance over a neighbor. Rather, our revolution defended a universal value: "the right of people to make and to alter their constitutions of government." Secondly, while our founders -- and residents of various colonies -- disagreed on particular aspects of our Constitution, all agreed on the necessity of unity amidst diversity. "E Pluribus Unum" had to be made real, if the American experiment was to be made successful. 8) In his Farewell address Washington wrote the habits of thinking in a free Country should inspire caution in those entrusted with its administration " As the first president, Washington gave shape to the office of the Presidency. How would you describe that shape? Washington did two great things as the nation's first President. First, he defined the separation of powers. Washington believed that the President, Congress and Supreme Court should be responsible for their respective constitutional spheres. He could have opposed that concept and set the country on an entirely different course. Second, Washington deeply believed in democracy. He welcomed the advice of his cabinet. He developed the concept of Cabinet meetings which allowed the Executive branch to fashion effective policies. 9) You're the 41st President. Has the evolution of this office retained the spirit of Washington's words? Yes. I think our country has survived and grown stronger because we have respected the constitutional separation of powers. Each President puts his own stamp on the office, but we have all understood and adhered to the guiding principles of Washington. 10) Education was a key ingredient in Washington's philosophy. He wrote in 1796, "Promote institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened." Would you consider him our first education president? Washington believed in education because he knew that education was important in a democracy. Knowledge is strength. Shared knowledge is shared strength. Washington believed that what he called the "diffusion of knowledge" would keep our government honest. LECTURE SERIES \ EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 \ 5:30 P.M. MEMBERS OF THE CONGRESS. DISTINGUISHED GUESTS. / IT IS A PRIVILEGE TO BE WITH YOU -- AND TO WELCOME YOU TO THE WHITE HOUSE FOR THE FOURTH IN OUR SERIES OF PRESIDENTIAL LECTURES. // IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO LIVE IN THIS HOUSE AND NOT FEEL THE PRESENCE OF ITS FORMER OCCUPANTS. THAT IS WHY BARBARA AND I ARE THRILLED THAT WE WILL BE HERE NEXT YEAR WHEN THE WHITE HOUSE CELEBRATES ITS 200TH ANNIVERSARY. // - 2 - TONIGHT, WE HONOR THE ONLY PRESIDENT WHO DID NOT LIVE IN THE WHITE HOUSE -- BUT WHOSE SPIRIT THRIVES HERE AND THROUGHOUT OUR LAND. GEORGE WASHINGTON LOOKS OUT UPON US EACH DAY. HIS LIKENESS HAS BEEN PRESERVED ON COINS, IN PORTRAITS, EVEN ON MT. RUSHMORE. / BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, HE SHAPED OUR VERY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. Ask ANY GRADE SCHOOL STUDENT AND YOU'LL HEAR THAT WE REMEMBER GEORGE WASHINGTON AS THE FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY. // - 3 - IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT WE CONSCIOUSLY MEASURE OUR FIRST LOVE AGAINST ALL OTHERS. / IN THE SAME WAY, PRESIDENTS MEASURE THEMSELVES AGAINST THE EXAMPLE SET BY THE VERY FIRST PRESIDENT. EACH HAS WONDERED HOW HE COULD BE WORTHY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON'S EXAMPLE. // WE REMEMBER GEORGE WASHINGTON AS A MODEST AND DEDICATED MAN -- SADDLED WITH THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SHAPING THE MOST IMPORTANT OFFICE IN THIS NATION. - 4 - HE ALSO HAD TO CARRY ONE UNIQUE BURDEN. HE COULDN'T BLAME ANY PROBLEMS ON HIS PREDECESSORS. // OUR FOUNDERS OCCASIONALLY WORRIED THAT THE PRESIDENCY COULD, IN THE WRONG HANDS, GROW INTO A KIND OF MONARCHY. BUT THEN THEY REMEMBERED THE MAN WHO WOULD DEFINE THE HIGH OFFICE -- AND IN SOME WAYS THEY DESIGNED THE PRESIDENCY IN HIS LIKENESS. - 5 - GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS SHY, BUT DECISIVE; RESERVED, BUT BELOVED. HE DID NOT SEEK THE PRESIDENCY. THE OFFICE SOUGHT HIM. // TONIGHT, WE SALUTE HIM. GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS A SOLDIER / SURVEYOR / PLANTER / PRESIDENT. HE ENJOYED GOOD FOOD AND WINE, AND SPORTS OF ALL KIND. HE MARRIED A WOMAN WHO DESCRIBED HERSELF AS "STEADY AS A CLOCK, BUSY AS A BEE, AND CHEERFUL AS A CRICKET." / THOSE WORDS REMIND ME OF ANOTHER FIRST LADY. - 6 - BUT I'D HAVE TO ADD OF BARBARA, "FASTER THAN A SPEEDING BULLET, MORE POWERFUL THAN A LOCOMOTIVE, AND ABLE To LEAP TALL BUILDINGS IN A SINGLE BOUND." // BUT MOST OF ALL, GEORGE WASHINGTON EMBODIED THE VALUES AND ASPIRATIONS OF A SPECIAL NATION, ONE FOUNDED UPON IDEAS -- AND NOT MERELY PLANTED AMID THE RUINS OF CONQUEST OR DISPUTE. ((ONE STORY CAPTURES THE SPECIAL ESTEEM IN WHICH AMERICANS HELD HIM. BEN FRANKLIN, AS AMERICAN MINISTER TO FRANCE, ONCE ATTENDED A DIPLOMATIC DINNER IN PARIS SHORTLY AFTER THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN. / - 7 - FIRST ROSE A FRENCH OFFICIAL, TOASTING LOUIS XVI AND COMPARING HIM TO THE MOON. THE BRITISH AMBASSADOR THEN TOASTED HIS MONARCH, GEORGE III, LIKENING HIM To THE SUN. / FINALLY, THE AGING FRANKLIN STOOD TO SPEAK. "I CANNOT GIVE YOU THE SUN NOR THE MOON, BUT I GIVE YOU GEORGE WASHINGTON -- WHO, LIKE JOSHUA OF OLD, COMMANDED BOTH THE SUN AND THE MOON TO STAND STILL, AND BOTH OBEYED.")) // - 8 - FRANKLIN, OF COURSE, HAD SEEN THE UNASSUMING GIANT IN ACTION. GEORGE WASHINGTON LED HIS TROOPS INTO BATTLE AGAINST THE WORLD'S STRONGEST ARMY AND, CONTRARY TO ALL PREDICTIONS, THEY WON. HE HELPED WAGE AND WIN THE WORLD'S ONLY PERMANENT REVOLUTION -- THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. / ONCE, HE SAID, "WHEN LIBERTY BEGINS TO TAKE ROOT, IT IS A PLANT OF RAPID GROWTH." // - 9 - EVEN TODAY, THAT BEAUTIFUL PLANT BLOSSOMS IN SOILS THAT PREVIOUSLY HAD RESISTED IT. GEORGE WASHINGTON'S SEEDLING HAS BECOME THE ENTIRE WORLD'S HOPE. HE SOUGHT NOT THE SECURITY OF POWER, BUT THE POWER TO SECURE LIBERTY. AND HE PASSED THAT POWER ON TO EVERY AMERICAN. // FINALLY, GEORGE WASHINGTON BEQUEATHED TO US A REPUBLICAN MODEL OF GOVERNMENT -- "STAKED," AS HE SAID, "ON THE EXPERIMENT ENTRUSTED TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE." - 10 - HE DEFINED THE OFFICE IN A DEFINING MOMENT OF HISTORY -- LEAVING A PRESIDENCY STRONG ENOUGH TO LEAD THE NATION THROUGH TIMES OF CRISIS, BUT ALSO BALANCED BY OTHER BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT, so AS NOT TO GROW INTO SOMETHING MENACING. / FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS AMERICANS HAVE HOISTED FREEDOM'S SACRED FLAME AND THE CHOSEN OCCUPANTS OF THIS OFFICE. ALL PRESIDENTS DERIVE THEIR POWER FROM THE PEOPLE, BUT THEY ALSO DRAW INSPIRATION FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON. // - 11 - TONIGHT, WE HAVE A MAN WHO WILL TELL US OF WASHINGTON -- AND HOW THE FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY MASTERED EVENTS IN TIMES OF PERIL. // OUR SPEAKER IS GORDON S. WOOD -- HISTORIAN AND UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR AT BROWN UNIVERSITY. / PROFESSOR WOOD IS A NATIVE OF CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS. / TALK ABOUT SPRINGING FROM HISTORY'S WOMB. / - 12 - HE GRADUATED FROM TUFTS, SERVED IN THE AIR FORCE, COMPLETED WORK AT HARVARD, AND HAS BEEN PITT PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS AT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY AND A VISITING FELLOW AT ALL SOULS COLLEGE, OXFORD. / NEXT YEAR, PROFESSOR WOOD'S NEWEST BOOK, THE RADICALS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, IS SCHEDULED FOR PUBLICATION. I'M SURE IT WILL COMPLEMENT HIS SEMINAL WORK, THE CREATION OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC, 1776-1787. - 13 - AND NOW, IT IS MY HONOR TO INTRODUCE ONE OF THE GREAT SCHOLARS OF PERHAPS OUR GREATEST PRESIDENT. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, THE DISTINGUISHED HISTORIAN, GORDON WOOD. # # # # LECTURE SERIES \ EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 \ 5:30 P.M. MEMBERS OF THE CONGRESS. DISTINGUISHED GUESTS. / IT IS A PRIVILEGE TO BE WITH YOU -- AND To WELCOME YOU TO THE WHITE HOUSE FOR THE FOURTH IN OUR SERIES OF PRESIDENTIAL LECTURES. // IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO LIVE IN THIS HOUSE AND NOT FEEL THE PRESENCE OF ITS FORMER OCCUPANTS. THAT IS WHY BARBARA AND I ARE THRILLED THAT WE WILL BE HERE NEXT YEAR WHEN THE WHITE HOUSE CELEBRATES ITS 200TH ANNIVERSARY. // - 2 - TONIGHT, WE HONOR THE ONLY PRESIDENT WHO DID NOT LIVE IN THE WHITE HOUSE -- BUT WHOSE SPIRIT THRIVES HERE AND THROUGHOUT OUR LAND. GEORGE WASHINGTON LOOKS OUT UPON US EACH DAY. HIS LIKENESS HAS BEEN PRESERVED ON COINS, IN PORTRAITS, EVEN ON MT. RUSHMORE. / BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, HE SHAPED OUR VERY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. Ask ANY GRADE SCHOOL STUDENT AND YOU'LL HEAR THAT WE REMEMBER GEORGE WASHINGTON AS THE FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY. // - 3 - IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT WE CONSCIOUSLY MEASURE OUR FIRST LOVE AGAINST ALL OTHERS. / IN THE SAME WAY, PRESIDENTS MEASURE THEMSELVES AGAINST THE EXAMPLE SET BY THE VERY FIRST PRESIDENT. EACH HAS WONDERED HOW HE COULD BE WORTHY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON'S EXAMPLE. // WE REMEMBER GEORGE WASHINGTON AS A MODEST AND DEDICATED MAN -- SADDLED WITH THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SHAPING THE MOST IMPORTANT OFFICE IN THIS NATION. - 4 - HE ALSO HAD TO CARRY ONE UNIQUE BURDEN. HE COULDN'T BLAME ANY PROBLEMS ON HIS PREDECESSORS. // OUR FOUNDERS OCCASIONALLY WORRIED THAT THE PRESIDENCY COULD, IN THE WRONG HANDS, GROW INTO A KIND OF MONARCHY. BUT THEN THEY REMEMBERED THE MAN WHO WOULD DEFINE THE HIGH OFFICE -- AND IN SOME WAYS THEY DESIGNED THE PRESIDENCY IN HIS LIKENESS. - 5 - GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS SHY, BUT DECISIVE; RESERVED, BUT BELOVED. HE DID NOT SEEK THE PRESIDENCY. THE OFFICE SOUGHT HIM. // TONIGHT, WE SALUTE HIM. GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS A SOLDIER / SURVEYOR / PLANTER / PRESIDENT. HE ENJOYED GOOD FOOD AND WINE, AND SPORTS OF ALL KIND. HE MARRIED A WOMAN WHO DESCRIBED HERSELF AS "STEADY AS A CLOCK, BUSY AS A BEE, AND CHEERFUL AS A CRICKET." / THOSE WORDS REMIND ME OF ANOTHER FIRST LADY. - 6 - BUT I'D HAVE TO ADD OF BARBARA, "FASTER THAN A SPEEDING BULLET, MORE POWERFUL THAN A LOCOMOTIVE, AND ABLE TO LEAP TALL BUILDINGS IN A SINGLE BOUND." // BUT MOST OF ALL, GEORGE WASHINGTON EMBODIED THE VALUES AND ASPIRATIONS OF A SPECIAL NATION, ONE FOUNDED UPON IDEAS -- AND NOT MERELY PLANTED AMID THE RUINS OF CONQUEST OR DISPUTE. ((ONE STORY CAPTURES THE SPECIAL ESTEEM IN WHICH AMERICANS HELD HIM. BEN FRANKLIN, AS AMERICAN MINISTER TO FRANCE, ONCE ATTENDED A DIPLOMATIC DINNER IN PARIS SHORTLY AFTER THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN. / - 7 - FIRST ROSE A FRENCH OFFICIAL, TOASTING LOUIS XVI AND COMPARING HIM TO THE MOON. THE BRITISH AMBASSADOR THEN TOASTED HIS MONARCH, GEORGE III, LIKENING HIM TO THE SUN. / FINALLY, THE AGING FRANKLIN STOOD TO SPEAK. "I CANNOT GIVE YOU THE SUN NOR THE MOON, BUT I GIVE YOU GEORGE WASHINGTON -- WHO, LIKE JOSHUA OF OLD, COMMANDED BOTH THE SUN AND THE MOON TO STAND STILL, AND BOTH OBEYED. ")) // I - 8 - FRANKLIN, OF COURSE, HAD SEEN THE UNASSUMING GIANT IN ACTION. GEORGE WASHINGTON LED HIS TROOPS INTO BATTLE AGAINST THE WORLD'S STRONGEST ARMY AND, CONTRARY TO ALL PREDICTIONS, THEY WON. HE HELPED WAGE AND WIN THE WORLD'S ONLY PERMANENT REVOLUTION -- THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. / ONCE, HE SAID, "WHEN LIBERTY BEGINS To TAKE ROOT, IT IS A PLANT OF RAPID GROWTH." // - 9 - EVEN TODAY, THAT BEAUTIFUL PLANT BLOSSOMS IN SOILS THAT PREVIOUSLY HAD RESISTED IT. GEORGE WASHINGTON'S SEEDLING HAS BECOME THE ENTIRE WORLD'S HOPE. HE SOUGHT NOT THE SECURITY OF POWER, BUT THE POWER TO SECURE LIBERTY. AND HE PASSED THAT POWER ON To EVERY AMERICAN./ FINALLY, GEORGE WASHINGTON BEQUEATHED To US A REPUBLICAN MODEL OF GOVERNMENT -- "STAKED," AS HE SAID, "ON THE EXPERIMENT ENTRUSTED To THE AMERICAN PEOPLE." - 10 - HE DEFINED THE OFFICE IN A DEFINING MOMENT OF HISTORY -- LEAVING A PRESIDENCY STRONG ENOUGH TO LEAD THE NATION THROUGH TIMES OF CRISIS, BUT ALSO BALANCED BY OTHER BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT, so AS NOT To GROW INTO SOMETHING MENACING. / FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS AMERICANS HAVE HOISTED FREEDOM'S SACRED FLAME AND THE CHOSEN OCCUPANTS OF THIS OFFICE. ALL PRESIDENTS DERIVE THEIR POWER FROM THE PEOPLE, BUT THEY ALSO DRAW INSPIRATION FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON. // - 11 - TONIGHT, WE HAVE A MAN WHO WILL TELL US OF WASHINGTON -- AND HOW THE FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY MASTERED EVENTS IN TIMES OF PERIL. // OUR SPEAKER IS GORDON S. WOOD -- HISTORIAN AND UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR AT BROWN UNIVERSITY. / PROFESSOR WOOD IS A NATIVE OF CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS. / TALK ABOUT SPRINGING FROM HISTORY'S WOMB. / - 12 - HE GRADUATED FROM TUFTS, SERVED IN THE AIR FORCE, COMPLETED WORK AT HARVARD, AND HAS BEEN PITT PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS AT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY AND A VISITING FELLOW AT ALL SOULS COLLEGE, OXFORD. / NEXT YEAR, PROFESSOR WOOD'S NEWEST BOOK, THE RADICALS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, IS SCHEDULED FOR PUBLICATION. I'M SURE IT WILL COMPLEMENT HIS SEMINAL WORK, THE CREATION OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC, 1776-1787. - 13 - AND NOW, IT IS MY HONOR TO INTRODUCE ONE OF THE GREAT SCHOLARS OF PERHAPS OUR GREATEST PRESIDENT. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, THE DISTINGUISHED HISTORIAN, GORDON WOOD. # # # # THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON October 4, 1991 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT THROUGH: DAVID DEMAREST TONY SNOW TS FROM: CURT SMITH is SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL LECTURE SERIES On Monday, October 7th, at 5:00 p.m. you will deliver remarks (eight minutes) introducing the fourth lecture in the Presidential Lecture Series. President George Washington is the focus of this lecture, and Professor Gordon Wood is the historian. Your speech focuses on Washington's unique role as America's first President, his accomplishments, and his legacy. (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress. Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His likeness has been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President.) ) // We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important 2 office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. // Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." " / Those words remind me of another First Lady. But I'd have to add of Barbara, "Faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. " // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris shortly after the Battle of Yorktown. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / 3 Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ")) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth. // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people. " He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom's sacred flame and the chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // 4 ( (Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a Visiting Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # 275806 Document No. 91 OCT WHITE 4 A / : HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE N/V SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY veryNice TH ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH N/C CARD SNOW DEMAREST directify Talked claur FIRESTONE 1064 FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY suanson 6500 HOLIDAY N/C REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks - MASTER- RESPONSE: of your you l best one efforts PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four 01 OCT 3 P5: 09 WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress. and of the Cabinet. Lynn Cheney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Laurie Laurtone Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and (Action to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // NO (Tron) Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His MS likeness/been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President.) ) // 2 We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but No beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. Washington The office sought was him. // sought by fellow citizens to be presi- dent. Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / (Porter) surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." Yes / Those words remind me of another First Lady. But ^I'd (Tron) have to add Yes of Barbara, "Faster than a bullet, more powerful than a speeding (Parter) locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound." // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris during America's Revolution. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to 3 the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ")) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth." // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. / / Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people." He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred the years Americans have hoisted freedom's sacred flame and chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents what mean? this 4 derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // ( (Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a visiting teacher at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # Document No. 275806 91 OCT 4 P5:WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH CARD SNOW DEMAREST FIRESTONE FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks RESPONSE: Ace comment PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four 31 OCT 3 P5: 09 WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress, and of the Cabinet. Lynn Cheney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His has likeness preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Scelly Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of +5178 government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President.) ) // 2 We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. // Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket.' " / Those words remind me of another First Lady. I'd have to add of Barbara, "Faster than a bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound." // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris during America's Revolution. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to 3 the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth. // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people." He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom's sacred flame and chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents 4 derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // ( (Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a visiting teacher at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # Document No. 275806 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM 91 OCT 4 P5: 46 DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH CARD SNOW DEMAREST FIRESTONE FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks RESPONSE: PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four 31 OCT 3 P5: 09 WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress, and of the Cabinet. Lynn Cheney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His likeness been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of AS government. Ask any grade school IS student and you'll hear that we remember, George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President. )) // 2 We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but HE WAS BY HIS beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. // FELLOW CITIZENS TO HOLD THE OFFICE. Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." " / Those words remind me of another First Lady. I'd have to add of Barbara, "Faster than a bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound." " // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ((One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris during America's Revolution. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to 3 the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ") ) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth. // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people." He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom sacred flame and chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents WHAT IS THIS REFERRING TO TO? ? 4 derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // ((Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge fellow University and a visiting teacher at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # Document No. 275806 91 OCT 4 P2: WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE S SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH CARD SNOW DEMAREST FIRESTONE FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks Valled Cut- absolutely one of jourforts. best . David RESPONSE: SB PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four 31 OCT 3 P5: 09 WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress, and of the Cabinet. Lynn Cheney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His likeness been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President. )) // 2 We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. // Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." / Those words remind me of another First Lady. I'd have to add of Barbara, "Faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than a A locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound." // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris during America's Revolution. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to 3 the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ")) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth. " // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people.' He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, SO as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom's sacred flame and chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents 4 derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // ( (Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a visiting teacher at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # D PORTER comments (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four 31 OCT 3 P5: 09 WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress, and of the Cabinet. Lynn Cheney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His likeness been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President.) )) // 2 We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. Wash. was sought by fellow // citizens to be President Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." / Those words remind me of another First Lady. I'd have to add X of Barbara, "Faster than a/bullet, speeding more powerful than a locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. II // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris during America's Revolution. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to 3 the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ")) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth. " // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people." He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom what does sacred flame and chosen the occupants of this office. All Presidents this mean? 4 derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // ( (Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a visiting teacher at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # Document No. 275806 91 OCT WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE S SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH CARD SNOW DEMAREST FIRESTONE FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks RESPONSE: Very good- - a minor edit PHILLIP D. BRADY BT for SR Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four 01 OCT 3 P5: 09 WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Lani Fieshre are Members of the Congress and of the Cabinet. Lynn Cheney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Distinguished guests 1 / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. / / It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George Washington looks out upon us each day. His has likeness been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President. )) // 2 We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. // Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." / Those words remind me of another First Lady. But I'd have to add of Barbara, "Faster than a bullet, more powerful than a Laurie locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound." // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris during America's Revolution. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to 3 the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ")) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth.' // Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people." He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom's sacred flame and chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents 4 derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // ( (Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a visiting teacher at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # Document No. 275806 9 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM PI: 32 DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH CARD SNOW DEMAREST FIRESTONE FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks RESPONSE: In is PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 Document No. 275.806 91 OCT 4 WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH CARD SNOW DEMAREST FIRESTONE FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks RESPONSE: Cent- This was very mil. PHILLIP D. BRADY Thanks Jo. Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 Document No. 275806 91 OCT 4 P2: WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM DATE: 10/03/91 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 2:00 p.m. 10/04 SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES/OCTOBER 7th ((10/03 draft four) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER BRADY ROGICH BROMLEY SMITH CARD SNOW DEMAREST FIRESTONE FITZWATER PORTER ROSE GRAY HOLIDAY REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 2:00 p.m. on Friday, 10/04, with a copy to this office. Thanks RESPONSE: No comment PK Thanks. Paul Kortonta PHILLIP D. BRADY 10/04/91 Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 Dar comments (Smith/Grossman) October 3, 1991 Draft Four 01 OCT 3 P5: 09 WASH PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 Members of the Congress, and of the Cabinet. Lynn Cheney, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Distinguished guests. / It is a privilege to be with you -- and to welcome you to the White House for the fourth in our series of Presidential Lectures. // It would be impossible to live in this house and not feel the presence of its former occupants. That is why Barbara and I are thrilled that we will be here next year when the White House celebrates its 200th anniversary. // Tonight, we honor the only President who did not live in the White House -- but whose spirit thrives here and throughout our land. George has Washington looks out upon us each day. His likeness been preserved on coins, in portraits, even on Mt. Rushmore. / But more importantly, he shaped our very system of government. Ask any grade school student and you'll hear that we remember George Washington as The Father of our Country. // It has been said that we consciously measure our first love against all others. / In the same way, Presidents measure themselves against the example set by the very first President. Each has wondered how he could be worthy of George Washington's example. // ((That's especially true in the Electoral College. Imagine -- a unanimous vote -- the envy of every President. )) // 2 We remember George Washington as a humble and dedicated man -- saddled with the responsibility of shaping the most important office in this nation. He also had to carry one unique burden. He couldn't blame any problems on his predecessors. // Our Founders occasionally worried that the Presidency could, in the wrong hands, grow into a kind of monarchy. But then they remembered the man who would define the high office -- and in some ways they designed the Presidency in his likeness. George Washington was shy, but decisive; reserved, but beloved. He did not seek the Presidency. The office sought him. // Tonight, we salute him. George Washington was a soldier / surveyor / planter / President. He enjoyed good food and wine, and sports of all kind. He married a woman who described herself as "steady as a clock, busy as a bee, and cheerful as a cricket." / Those words remind me of another First Lady. I'd have to add of Barbara, "Faster than a bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings in a single bound.' " // But most of all, George Washington embodied the values and aspirations of a special nation, one founded upon ideas -- and not merely planted amid the ruins of conquest or dispute. ( (One story captures the special esteem in which Americans held him. Ben Franklin, as American Minister to France, once attended a diplomatic dinner in Paris during America's Revolution. / First rose a French official, toasting Louis XVI and comparing him to 3 the moon. The British Ambassador then toasted his monarch, George III, likening him to the sun. / Finally, the aging Franklin stood to speak. "I cannot give you the sun nor the moon, but I give you George Washington -- who, like Joshua of old, commanded both the sun and the moon to stand still, and both obeyed. ")) // Franklin, of course, had seen the unassuming giant in action. George Washington led his troops into battle against the world's strongest army and, contrary to all predictions, they won. He helped wage and win the world's only permanent revolution -- the American Revolution. / Once, he said, "When liberty begins to take root, it is a plant of rapid growth. 11 Even today, that beautiful plant blossoms in soils that previously had resisted it. George Washington's seedling has become the entire world's hope. He sought not the security of power, but the power to secure liberty. And he passed that power on to every American. // Finally, George Washington bequeathed to us a republican model of government -- "staked," as he said, "on the experiment entrusted to the American people." He defined the office in a defining moment of history -- leaving a Presidency strong enough to lead the nation through times of crisis, but also balanced by other branches of government, so as not -to grow into something menacing. / For two hundred years Americans have hoisted freedom's sacred flame and chosen occupants of this office. All Presidents 4 derive their power from the people, but they also draw inspiration from George Washington. // ( (Earlier, I said any President compares himself to the first. I tried that -- until I heard that Washington personally reviewed all executive mail. / I gave up. / It takes a full- time staff just to review Millie's mail. )) // Tonight, we have a man who will tell us of Washington -- and how the Father of our Country mastered events in times of peril. // Our speaker is Gordon S. Wood -- Historian and University Professor at Brown University. / Professor Wood is a native of Concord, Massachusetts. / Talk about springing from history's womb. / He graduated from Tufts, served in the Air Force, completed work at Harvard, and has been Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University and a visiting teacher at All Souls College, Oxford. / Next year, Professor Wood's newest book, The Radicals of the American Revolution, is scheduled for publication. I'm sure it will complement his seminal work, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. / And now, it is my honor to introduce one of the great scholars of perhaps our greatest President. Ladies and Gentlemen, the distinguished historian, Gordon Wood. # # # # Document No. 27618455 91 OCT 7 A7: A WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM DATE: October 5, 1991 ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BYMonday, 10/07, 10:00 a.m. SUBJECT: PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: Lecture Series Q & A/October 7th. (10/04 draft two) ACTION FYI ACTION FYI VICE PRESIDENT HORNER SUNUNU MCCLURE N/V SCOWCROFT PETERSMEYER DARMAN PORTER N/V BRADY ROGICH У BROMLEY SMITH N/V > CARD SNOW DEMAREST < FIRESTONE 7064 N/V > PORTER ROSE us FITZWATER GRAY 6,000 Rob HOLIDAY N/O S REMARKS: Please provide any comments directly to Tony Snow no later than 10:00 a.m. on Monday, 10/07, with a copy to this office. Thank you. RESPONSE: MASTER I PHILLIP D. BRADY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary Ext. 2702 (Grossman/Smith) October 4, 1991 01 OCT 4 P6: 37 Draft Two QA PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: LECTURE SERIES Q&A EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 1) What is there about President George Washington that you admire most? We remember Washington as Father of our Country. Few men could have confronted the challenges of the birth of a nation with his quiet strength and insight. He used his executive powers wisely. He made the conduct of foreign policy a presidential priority. He set the standard of leadership for future Presidents to follow. 2) Thomas Jefferson wrote of President Washington, "[His mind] was slow in operation. but sure in conclusion." Could Washington, known for his deliberate prudence, function in today's world? The world of 1776 was far different than any of us can even imagine. A simple trip from New York to Philadelphia took three days. Imagine how long it took for a diplomatic response to cross an ocean. Today, information and communications travel at the speed of light. Decision-making requires the ability to respond to events -- not be controlled by them. Of course, Washington might not be able to answer all his mail the way he liked to \ but I believe his deliberation and prudence would serve him well. 3) In his farewell address, Washington urged caution when dealing with foreign nations. In fact he warned against becoming politically involved to any degree. Does Washington's "Great rule" hold any lesson for us today? than Again, the world that witnessed the American Revolution was different place our world. As Washington was helping mold a young and fragile democracy, the clouds of conflict were gathering in Europe. Washington feared that American involvement in the storm could only threaten her "sacred flame of liberty." Americans have always been wary of involvements where our interests are not at stake. But as we emerged as the world's preeminent power, we also understood the responsibility that comes with strength. Washington also wrote: "Our cause is noble, it is the cause of mankind!" I believe he understood that the ideals for which America stands cannot be locked within borders. I believe he understood the universal implications -- and responsibilities -- that flowed from America's great experiment. 4) Washington was disturbed by the growth of conflicting political parties. In fact he tried to discourage their growth. Washington believed unity was the main pillar of our independence. Obviously today, political parties thrive and conflicting influences flourish. Do you see any threat to our "main pillar"? President Washington led as Americans built that "main pillar." Today we enjoy a security in our consensus on the values of our Founding Fathers. Remember, at the end of the Revolution, there were voices demanding the institution of an American monarchy. Much of the America we now take for granted was still in the making. But history has proven the American experiment successful. We do not tolerate diversity merely because America is strong -- America is strong because we tolerate diversity. 5) Let's talk about Washington's military achievements. Although he was slow to decide political issues, Washington was a tenacious military commander. He was one of the first American leaders to consider using force against the British crown to "maintain liberty." He was our first commander in chief. How would you gauge his military record? America's revolutionary soldiers didn't have superior weapons or fancy brass-buttoned uniforms. But they did have the most essential military resource -- a great leader. His command showed great tenacity and faith in his troops and his cause. His troops fought -- and won -- against the odds. He was called the Fox, as a tribute to his wily, calculated tactics. (NSC) And while lack of equipment and training often defeated his troops in battles, his determination and commitment that helped us win a war. Washington was motivated not by the promise of booty or decorations, but by a belief in the cause of liberty, writing, that no man should scruple, or hesitate to use arms in defense of so valuable a blessing. 6) In the colonies the idea of independence was not widely accepted. There was a general distrust of the leaders of the Congress. Yet Washington became the chief symbol in our revolution against the King. Why was that? The movement to break with the British crown was not a popular one. The delegates attending the Continental Congress were not popularly elected. But even as the majority of colonists respected the King's authority, Washington was emerging as a figure of broad appeal and near-legendary accomplishment. His war record as a frontier commander lionized him in the eyes of early Americans; and his fifteen year record as a Virginia legislator was respected and admired. 7) What lessons can we today draw for ourselves given our world of independence movements? First, the American revolution was not waged to preserve any particular boundary or to impose dominance over a neighbor. Rather, our revolution defended a universal value: "the right of people to make and to alter their constitutions of government." Secondly, while our founders -- and residents of various colonies -- disagreed on particular aspects of our Constitution, all agreed on the necessity of unity amidst diversity. "E Pluribus Unum" had to be made real, if the American experiment was to be made successful. 8) In his Farewell address Washington wrote the habits of thinking in a free Country should inspire caution in those entrusted with its administration " As the first president, Washington gave shape to the office of the Presidency. How would you describe that shape? Washington did two great things as the nation's first President. First, he defined the separation of powers. Washington believed that the President, Congress and Supreme Court should be responsible for their respective constitutional spheres. He could have opposed that concept and set the country on an entirely different course. Second, Washington deeply believed in democracy. He welcomed the advice of his cabinet. He developed the concept of Cabinet meetings which allowed the Executive branch to fashion effective policies. 9) You're the 41st President. Has the evolution of this office retained the spirit of Washington's words? Yes. I think our country has survived and grown stronger because we have respected the constitutional separation of powers. Each President puts his own stamp on the office, but we have all understood and adhered to the guiding principles of Washington. 10) He Education wrote in was a key ingredient in Washington's philosophy. 1796, "Promote institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened." Would you consider him our first education president? Washington believed in education because he knew that Council's offects education was important in a democracy. Knowledge is strength. Shared knowledge is shared strength. Washington believed that what he called the "diffusion of knowledge" would keep our government honest. LECTURE SERIES Q&A EAST ROOM MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1991 1) WHAT IS THERE ABOUT PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON THAT YOU ADMIRE MOST? WE REMEMBER WASHINGTON AS FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY. FEW MEN COULD HAVE CONFRONTED THE CHALLENGES OF THE BIRTH OF A NATION WITH HIS QUIET STRENGTH AND INSIGHT. HE USED HIS EXECUTIVE POWERS WISELY. HE MADE THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN POLICY A PRESIDENTIAL PRIORITY. HE SET THE STANDARD OF LEADERSHIP FOR FUTURE PRESIDENTS TO FOLLOW. - 2 - SAID 2) THOMAS JEFFERSON WROTE OF PRESIDENT WASHINGTON, "[HIS MIND] WAS SLOW IN OPERATION. BUT SURE IN CONCLUSION." IF SO COULD THAT DELIBERATE PRUDENCE, FUNCTION IN TODAY'S WORLD? THE WORLD OF 1776 WAS FAR DIFFERENT THAN ANY OF US CAN EVEN IMAGINE. A SIMPLE TRIP FROM NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA TOOK THREE DAYS. IMAGINE HOW LONG IT TOOK FOR A DIPLOMATIC RESPONSE TO CROSS AN OCEAN. TODAY, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TRAVEL AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT. DECISION-MAKING REQUIRES THE ABILITY TO RESPOND TO EVENTS -- NOT BE CONTROLLED BY THEM. OF COURSE, WASHINGTON MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO ANSWER ALL HIS MAIL THE WAY HE LIKED TO \ BUT I BELIEVE HIS DELIBERATION AND PRUDENCE WOULD SERVE HIM WELL. - 3 - 3) IN HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS, PRESIDENT WASHINGTON WARNED AGAINST FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS. IS THERE ANY LESSON THERE TODAY? AGAIN, THE WORLD THAT WITNESSED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS A DIFFERENT PLACE THAN OUR WORLD. AS WASHINGTON WAS HELPING MOLD A YOUNG AND FRAGILE DEMOCRACY, CLOUDS OF CONFLICT WERE GATHERING IN EUROPE. WASHINGTON FEARED THAT AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE BREWING STORM COULD ONLY THREATEN HER "SACRED FLAME OF LIBERTY." AMERICANS HAVE ALWAYS BEEN WARY OF INVOLVEMENTS WHERE OUR INTERESTS ARE NOT AT STAKE. BUT AS WE EMERGED AS THE WORLD'S PREEMINENT POWER, WE ALSO UNDERSTOOD THE RESPONSIBILITY THAT COMES WITH STRENGTH. WASHINGTON ALSO WROTE: "OUR CAUSE IS NOBLE, IT IS THE CAUSE OF MANKIND!" I BELIEVE HE UNDERSTOOD THAT THE IDEALS FOR WHICH AMERICA STANDS CANNOT BE LOCKED WITHIN BORDERS. I BELIEVE HE UNDERSTOOD THE UNIVERSAL IMPLICATIONS -- AND RESPONSIBILITIES -- THAT FLOWED FROM AMERICA'S GREAT EXPERIMENT. - 4 - Tried to discourage 4) PRESIDENT WASHINGTON WAS DISTURBED BY THE GROWTH HE OF CONFLICTING POLITICAL PARTIES. WASHINGTON BELIEVED IN UNITY WAS THE MAIN PILLAR OF OUR INDEPENDENCE. TODAY IS DIFFERENT. DO YOU SEE ANY THREAT TO OUR "MAIN PILLAR"? PRESIDENT WASHINGTON LED AS AMERICANS BUILT THAT "MAIN PILLAR." TODAY WE ENJOY A SECURITY IN OUR CONSENSUS ON THE VALUES OF OUR FOUNDING FATHERS. REMEMBER, AT THE END OF THE REVOLUTION, THERE WERE VOICES DEMANDING THE INSTITUTION OF AN AMERICAN MONARCHY. MUCH OF THE AMERICA WE NOW TAKE FOR GRANTED WAS STILL IN THE MAKING. BUT HISTORY HAS PROVEN THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT SUCCESSFUL. WE DO NOT TOLERATE DIVERSITY MERELY BECAUSE AMERICA IS STRONG -- AMERICA IS STRONG BECAUSE WE TOLERATE DIVERSITY. - 5 - 5) ALTHOUGH HE WAS SLOW TO DECIDE ON POLITICAL ISSUES, HE WAS A TENACIOUS MILITARY COMMANDER. WHAT DO YOU THINK OF HIS MILITARY RECORD? AMERICA'S REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS DIDN'T HAVE SUPERIOR WEAPONS OR FANCY BRASS-BUTTONED UNIFORMS. BUT THEY DID HAVE THE MOST ESSENTIAL MILITARY RESOURCE -- A GREAT LEADER. HIS COMMAND SHOWED GREAT TENACITY AND FAITH IN HIS TROOPS AND HIS CAUSE. HIS TROOPS FOUGHT -- AND WON -- AGAINST THE ODDS. HE WAS CALLED THE FOX, AS A TRIBUTE TO HIS WILY, CALCULATED TACTICS. AND WHILE LACK OF EQUIPMENT AND TRAINING OFTEN DEFEATED HIS TROOPS IN BATTLES, HIS DETERMINATION AND COMMITMENT HELPED US WIN THE WAR. WASHINGTON WAS MOTIVATED NOT BY THE PROMISE OF BOOTY OR DECORATIONS, BUT BY A BELIEF IN THE CAUSE OF LIBERTY, WRITING, " THAT NO MAN SHOULD SCRUPLE, OR HESITATE TO USE ARMS IN DEFENSE OF SO VALUABLE A BLESSING " - 6 - 6) IN THE COLONIES THE IDEA OF INDEPENDENCE WAS NOT WIDELY ACCEPTED. THERE WAS A GENERAL DISTRUST OF THE LEADERS OF THE CONGRESS.] YET WASHINGTON BECAME THE CHIEF SYMBOL IN OUR REVOLUTION AGAINST THE KING. WHY WAS THAT? THE MOVEMENT TO BREAK WITH THE BRITISH CROWN WAS NOT A POPULAR ONE. THE DELEGATES ATTENDING THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS WERE NOT POPULARLY ELECTED. BUT EVEN AS THE MAJORITY OF COLONISTS RESPECTED THE KING'S AUTHORITY, WASHINGTON WAS EMERGING AS A FIGURE OF BROAD APPEAL AND NEAR- LEGENDARY ACCOMPLISHMENT. HIS WAR RECORD AS A FRONTIER COMMANDER LIONIZED HIM IN THE EYES OF EARLY AMERICANS; AND HIS FIFTEEN YEAR RECORD AS A VIRGINIA LEGISLATOR WAS RESPECTED AND ADMIRED. - 7 - 7) WHAT LESSONS CAN WE TODAY DRAW FOR OURSELVES GIVEN OUR WORLD OF INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS? FIRST, THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS NOT WAGED TO PRESERVE ANY PARTICULAR BOUNDARY OR TO IMPOSE DOMINANCE OVER A NEIGHBOR. RATHER, OUR REVOLUTION DEFENDED A UNIVERSAL VALUE: "THE RIGHT OF PEOPLE TO MAKE AND TO ALTER THEIR CONSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT." SECONDLY, WHILE OUR FOUNDERS -- AND RESIDENTS OF VARIOUS COLONIES -- DISAGREED ON PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF OUR CONSTITUTION, ALL AGREED ON THE NECESSITY OF UNITY AMIDST DIVERSITY. "E PLURIBUS UNUM" HAD TO BE MADE REAL, IF THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT WAS TO BE MADE SUCCESSFUL. - 8 - 8) IN HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS WASHINGTON WROTE " THE HABITS OF THINKING IN A FREE COUNTRY SHOULD INSPIRE CAUTION IN THOSE ENTRUSTED WITH ITS ADMINISTRATION " HE GAVE SHAPE TO THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENCY. HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THAT SHAPE? WASHINGTON DID TWO GREAT THINGS AS THE NATION'S FIRST PRESIDENT. FIRST, HE DEFINED THE SEPARATION OF POWERS. WASHINGTON BELIEVED THAT THE PRESIDENT, CONGRESS AND SUPREME COURT SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR RESPECTIVE CONSTITUTIONAL SPHERES. HE COULD HAVE OPPOSED THAT CONCEPT AND SET THE COUNTRY ON AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT COURSE. SECOND, WASHINGTON DEEPLY BELIEVED IN DEMOCRACY. HE WELCOMED THE ADVICE OF HIS CABINET. HE DEVELOPED THE CONCEPT OF CABINET MEETINGS WHICH ALLOWED THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH TO FASHION EFFECTIVE POLICIES. - 9 - 9) YOU'RE THE 41ST PRESIDENT. HAS THE EVOLUTION OF THIS OFFICE RETAINED THE SPIRIT OF WASHINGTON'S WORDS? YES. I THINK OUR COUNTRY HAS SURVIVED AND GROWN STRONGER BECAUSE WE HAVE RESPECTED THE CONSTITUTIONAL SEPARATION OF POWERS. EACH PRESIDENT PUTS HIS OWN STAMP ON THE OFFICE, BUT WE HAVE ALL UNDERSTOOD AND ADHERED TO THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF WASHINGTON. 10) EDUCATION WAS A KEY INGREDIENT IN WASHINGTON'S PHILOSOPHY. HE WROTE IN 1796, "PROMOTE INSTITUTIONS FOR THE GENERAL DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT PUBLIC OPINION SHOULD BE ENLIGHTENED." WOULD YOU CONSIDER HIM OUR FIRST EDUCATION PRESIDENT? WASHINGTON BELIEVED IN EDUCATION BECAUSE HE KNEW THAT EDUCATION WAS IMPORTANT IN A DEMOCRACY. KNOWLEDGE IS STRENGTH. SHARED KNOWLEDGE IS SHARED STRENGTH. WASHINGTON BELIEVED THAT WHAT HE CALLED THE "DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE" WOULD KEEP OUR GOVERNMENT HONEST.