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American Embassy Staff--Tokyo, Japan 2/24/89 [OA 6343] [1]
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323152346
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American Embassy Staff--Tokyo, Japan 2/24/89 [OA 6343] [1]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S; 1999-0582-F
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13657
Folder ID Number:
13657-008
Folder Title:
American Embassy Staff--Tokyo, Japan 2/24/89 [OA 6343] [1]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
18
6
5
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: AMERICAN EMBASSY STAFF
TOKYO, JAPAN
FEBRUARY 24, 1989
THIS IS BARBARA'S AND MY FIRST OVERSEAS TRIP AS
PRESIDENT, AND IT IS AN IMPORTANT ONE. WE WERE DEEPLY
MOVED BY THE DIGNITY OF TODAY'S MEMORIAL SERVICE AND THE
AFFECTION IN WHICH THE LATE EMPEROR WAS HELD.
WE GATHER AT A TIME OF SADNESS, BUT ALSO OF HOPE.
FOR TOMORROW MORNING WE WILL CALL UPON THEIR IMPERIAL
MAJESTIES, THE NEW EMPEROR AND EMPRESS. AND WE ARE PROUD
TO PAY OUR RESPECTS AND THOSE OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.
2
BARBARA AND I ARE DELIGHTED TO HAVE THIS CHANCE TO
MEET WITH YOU HERE AT THE EMBASSY.
I UNDERSTAND THAT DURING AMBASSADOR MANSFIELD'S
TENURE, YOU USED TO CALL THE EMBASSY THE "BAR NONE RANCH."
THE REASON WAS SELF-EVIDENT: HE NEVER TIRED OF SAYING
THAT THE U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONSHIP WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT
BILATERAL RELATIONSHIP IN THE WORLD, BAR NONE.
3
WELL, AS A TEXAN -- AND AS ONE WHO APPRECIATES THE
IMPORTANCE OF U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONS AND THOSE WHO DO so
MUCH TO FURTHER THAT RELATIONSHIP -- I LIKE THAT KIND OF
REASONING. AND UNLIKE SOME TEXAS YARNS, IT'S NO TALL
TALE, BELIEVE ME.
FROM MY OWN DIPLOMATIC EXPERIENCE, I AM CERTAIN OF
THIS FACT: THERE IS NO MORE DEDICATED AND LOYAL GROUP OF
PEOPLE THAN THE MEN AND WOMEN -- AMERICAN AND FOREIGN --
WHO STAFF OUR EMBASSIES.
4
I ALSO REALIZE WHAT A BURDEN A PRESIDENTIAL VISIT CAN BE,
AND WANT YOU TO KNOW HOW WE APPRECIATE THE HARD WORK AND
SUPERB PLANNING THAT HAVE GONE INTO OUR VISIT.
You KNOW, A JAPANESE PROVERB SAYS, "LIFE WITHOUT
ENDEAVOR IS LIKE ENTERING A JEWEL-MINE AND COMING OUT WITH
EMPTY HANDS." YOUR PROFESSIONALISM AND COMMITMENT ENRICH
THE TIES WHICH BIND THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN, AND
FURTHER THE CAUSE OF PEACE IN THIS IMPORTANT AREA OF THE
WORLD.
5
I AM DELIGHTED THAT THE FIRST FOREIGN VISITOR TO
WASHINGTON OF MY ADMINISTRATION WAS THE PRIME MINISTER OF
JAPAN, WHO, INCIDENTALLY, CELEBRATES HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY ON
SUNDAY.
IN A SENSE, WE ALL HAVE REASON TO CELEBRATE. FOR HIS
VISIT SEVERAL WEEKS AGO UNDERSCORED -- AGAIN -- THE
CRUCIAL ROLE BOTH NATIONS ATTACH TO OUR RELATIONSHIP. AND
OUR MEETINGS WERE THE BEGINNING OF MAINTAINING THE CLOSEST
POSSIBLE CONSULTATION BETWEEN US AS WE WORK TO RESOLVE OUR
DIFFERENCES, AND PURSUE OUR COMMON GOALS.
6
WE HAVE PROBLEMS, BUT WITH YOUR HELP WE ARE TACKLING
THEM.
WE FACE CHALLENGES, BUT WITH YOUR HELP WE WILL MEET
THEM.
AND IN COMING MONTHS, WE WILL NEED YOUR ENERGY, YOUR
RESOURCES, AND MOST OF ALL, YOUR PRAYERS.
IN CLOSING, LET ME SAY AGAIN HOW MUCH WE APPRECIATE
YOUR SUPPORT. THANK YOU AND GOOD LUCK, AND GOD BLESS THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
# # #
(Smith)
February 18, 1989
4:20 p.m.
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: AMERICAN EMBASSY STAFF
TOKYO, JAPAN
FEBRUARY 24, 1989
This is Barbara's and my first overseas trip as President,
and it is an important one. We were deeply moved by the dignity
of today's memorial service and the affection in which the late
Emperor was held.
We gather at a time of sadness, but also of hope. For
tomorrow morning we will call upon Their Imperial Majesties, the
new Emperor and Empress. And we are proud to pay our respects
and those of the American people.
Barbara and I are delighted to have this chance to meet with
you here at the Embassy.
I understand that during Ambassador Mansfield's tenure, you
used to call the Embassy the "Bar None Ranch." The reason was
self-evident: He never tired of saying that the U.S.-Japan
relationship was the most important bilateral relationship in the
world, BAR NONE.
Well, as a Texan -- and as one who appreciates the
importance of U.S.-Japan relations and those who do so much to
further that relationship -- I like that kind of reasoning. And
unlike some Texas yarns, it's no tall tale, believe me.
From my own diplomatic experience, I am certain of this
fact: There is no more dedicated and loyal group of people than
the men and women -- American and foreign -- who staff our
Embassies. I also realize what a burden a Presidential visit can
be, and want you to know how we appreciate the hard work and
superb planning that have gone into our visit.
You know, a Japanese proverb says, "Life without endeavor is
like entering a jewel-mine and coming out with empty hands."
Your professionalism and commitment enrich the ties which bind
the United States and Japan, and further the cause of peace in
this important area of the world.
I am delighted that the first foreign visitor to Washington
of my Administration was the Prime Minister of Japan, who,
incidentally, celebrates his 65th birthday on Sunday.
In a sense, we all have reason to celebrate. For his visit
several weeks ago underscored -- again -- the crucial role both
nations attach to our relationship. And our meetings were the
beginning of maintaining the closest possible consultation
between us as we work to resolve our differences, and pursue our
common goals.
We have problems, but with your help we are tackling them.
We face challenges, but with your help we will meet them.
And in coming months, we will need your energy, your
resources, and most of all, your prayers.
In closing, let me say again how much we appreciate your
support. Thank you and good luck, and God bless the United
States of America.
Suggested Remarks
For President Bush
American Embassy Staff
February 25, 1989
24
Pres.
trip
Barbara and I have made our first overseas trip to
the funeral of the late Emperor. We were deeply moved by
dignity of today's memorial service and the affection
2/16/89
which the late Emperor was held.
We gather at a time of sadness, but also of hope. For this
tomorrowner
morning we called upon Their Majesties the Emperor and Emprèss.
health
And we were are proud to pay our respects and those of the American
people to His Imperial Majesty the new Emperor.
Barbara and I are delighted to have this chance to meet with
you here at the Embassy.
I understand that during Ambassador Mansfield's tenure, you
Kelly
used to call the Embassy the "Bar None Ranch. " The reason was
NSC
self-evident: He never tired of saying that the U.S.-Japan
395-6173
relationship was the most important bilateral relationship in the
world, BAR NONE.
Well, as a Texan--and as one who appreciates the importance
of U.S-Japan relations and those who do its tending--I like that
kind of reasoning. And unlike some Texas yarns, it's no tall
tale, believe me.
in
You know, a Japanese proverb says, "Life without endeavor
like entering a jewel-mine and coming out with empty hands. " My
friends, endeavor is your means. Professionalism is your end. You
use your hands to reach that end, and to enrich the ties which
ton Proverbs Epigin "Yo
bind the United States and Japan.
#173
From my own diplomatic experience, I am certain of this
fact: There is no more dedicated and loyal group of people than
State draft Dept
the men and women--American and foreign of our Foreign service.
100/00
I also realize what a burden a presidential visit can be, and
want you to know how we appreciate the hard work and superb
planning that have gone into our visit.
Pres Docs
2/4/89
I am delighted that the first foreign visitor to Washington
of my Administration was the Prime Minister of Japan, who,
Chases Annual
incidentally, celebrates his 65th birthday tomorrow. on
Sunday
Event
19.51 1989
In a sense, we all have reason to celebrate. For his visit
Takeshita
several weeks ago underscored--again--the crucial role both
nations attach to our relationship. And our meetings were but the
Feb.le,
beginning of maintaining the closest possible consultation:
1982
Discussions to resolve our differences; cooperation to pursue our
goals.
We have problems, but with your help we are tackling them.
We face challenges, but with your help we will meet them.
And in coming months, as we focus, increasingly, on such
Jacob M. Braude's Compl- speakers
+Teastmesters Library
8 vols
global issues as poverty and the environment, we will need your
energy, your resources, and most of all, your prayers.
In closing, let me say again how much we appreciate your
support. Thank you and good luck, and God bless the United States
of America.
We face challenges, but with your help we will meet them. And in
dedicated and loyal group of people than the men and
women--American and foreign--of our Foreign Service. I also know
what a burden a presidential visit can be, and want you to know
how we appreciate the hard work and excellent planning that have
gone into our visit. tired of saying that the U.S. Japan
relationship was the most
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Tokyo sig
February 16, 1989
Drop 220
Ed Murnane
MEMORANDUM FOR THE CHIEF OF STAFF
ROBERT GUTTMAN
BRENT SCOWCROFT
SUSAN PORTER ROSE
DAVID BATES
PATTY PRESOCK
RICHARD BREEDEN
TIM MCBRIDE
ANDREW CARD
LAURIE FIRESTONE
JAMES CICCONI
ANTONIO LOPEZ
DAVID DEMAREST
ROSE ZAMARIA
MARLIN FITZWATER
DAVID VALDEZ
BOYDEN GRAY
JEAN LAMB
FRED MCCLURE
SPEECHWRITING OFFICE
BONNIE NEWMAN
USSS/PPD
ROGER PORTER
WHCA AUDIO/VISUAL
STEPHEN STUDDERT
WHCA OPERATIONS
CHASE UNTERMEYER
INTERGOVERNMENTAL
JOE HAGIN
AFFAIRS
ED ROGERS
TRAVEL OFFICE
THRU:
STEPHEN M. STUDDERT
FROM:
JOHN G. KELLER, JR. JEK
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
DIRECTOR OF PRESIDENTIAL ADVANCE
SUBJECT:
REVISED LINE-BY-LINE FOR THE ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
AND JAPAN, TOKYO TRIP - FEBRUARY 22 - 25, 1989
Attached please find for your planning purposes a revised
line-by-line for the upcoming Anchorage, Alaska and Tokyo,
Japan trip.
5
13 hrs.
hrs,
in
Revised: 2/16/89
8:30 am
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH TO JAPAN
FEBRUARY 22 - 25, 1989
Wednesday, February 22, 1989
6:30 am
Depart Andrews AFB en route Elmendorf AFB,
Anchorage, Alaska
(Flying Time: 7 Hours 30 Minutes)
(Time Change: Back 4 Hours)
(Interchange: None)
10:00 am
Arrive Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, Alaska
(2:00 pm EST)
10:05 am
Depart Ramp Area en route Hangar
10:10 am
Arrive Hangar and participate in Anchorage
Welcome
10:40 am
Conclude participation in Welcome and proceed
to Holding Room
10:45 am
Arrive Holding Room for Private Time
(PRIVATE TIME: 35 MINUTES)
11:20 am
Depart Hangar en route Ramp Area
11:25 am
Arrive Ramp Area and proceed to board
Air Force One
11:30 am
Depart Elmendorf AFB en route Tokyo, Japan
(Flying Time: 8 Hours 10 Minutes)
(Time Change: Ahead 18 Hours)
(Interchange: Yes)
(CROSS INTERNATIONAL DATELINE)
Thursday, February 23, 1989
1:40 pm
Arrive Haneda Airport, Tokyo, Japan
(11:40 pm on
2/22/89 EST)
1:50 pm
Depart Haneda Airport en route Ambassador's
Residence
2:05 pm
Arrive Ambassador's Residence
2:15 pm
Participate in Luncheon with President Mitterrand
3:30 pm
Conclude Luncheon
3:45 pm
Depart Ambassador's Residence en route Akasaka
Palace
3:55 pm
Arrive Akasaka Palace for Courtesy Call on
Prime Minister Takeshita
4:35 pm
Depart Akasaka Palace en route Hotel Okura
4:45 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR)
5:45 pm
Depart Hotel Okura en route Ambassador's Residence
5:50 pm
Arrive Ambassador's Residence for Bilaterals
6:00 pm
Participate in Bilaterals
8:50 pm
Conclude Bilaterals
8:55 pm
Depart Ambassador's Residence en route Hotel Okura
9:00 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura for RON
Friday, February 24, 1989
(PERSONAL STAFF TIME)
9:45 am
Depart Hotel Okura en route Shinjuku Goyen
10:00 am
Arrive Shinjuku Goyen for Funeral Ceremony
10:10 am Ceremony of Imperial House begins
11:45 am Ceremony concludes
11:55 am Ceremony of State begins
12:50 pm
Depart Shinjuku Goyen en route American Embassy
1:05 pm
Arrive American Embassy for American Community
Greeting
1:30 pm
Depart American Embassy en route Hotel Okura
1:35 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR 10 MINUTES)
2:45 pm
Depart Hotel Okura en route Ambassador's Residence
2:50 pm
Arrive Ambassador's Residence
3:00 pm
Participate in Bilaterals
5:50 pm
Conclude Bilaterals
5:55 pm
Depart Ambassador's Residence en route Hotel Okura
6:00 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura for Private Time
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR 5 MINUTES)
7:05 pm
Depart Hotel Okura en route Akasaka Palace
7:15 pm
Arrive Akasaka Palace for Prime Minister's
Reception
7:45 pm
Depart Akasaka Palace en route Hotel Okura
8:00 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura for RON
Saturday, February 25, 1989
9:45 am
Depart Hotel Okura en route Imperial Palace
9:55 am
Arrive Imperial Palace for Audience with Emperor
Akihito
10:15 am
Depart Imperial Palace en route Ambassador's
Residence
10:25 am
Arrive Ambassador's Residence
(PRIVATE TIME: 35 MINUTES)
11:00 am
Participate in Bilaterals
12:00 noon
Conclude Bilaterals
12:15 pm
Depart Ambassador's Residence en route Haneda
Airport
12:30 pm
Arrive Haneda Airport
12:45 pm
Depart Tokyo, Japan en route Beijing, China
(10:45 pm
on 2/24/89 EST)
(Flying Time: 4 Hours 45 Minutes)
(Time Change: Back 1 Hour)
(Interchange: Yes)
(Smith)
February 16, 1989
11:50 a.m.
embassy
REMARKS: AMERICAN EMBASSY STAFF
TOKYO, JAPAN
FEBRUARY 24, 1989
This is Barbara's and my first overseas trip, and it is an
important one. We were deeply moved by the dignity of today's
memorial service and the affection in which the late Emperor was
held.
We gather at a time of sadness, but also of hope. For
tomorrow morning we will call upon Their Majesties, the new
Emperor and Empress. And we are proud to pay our respects and
those of the American people to His Imperial Majesty.
Barbara and I are delighted to have this chance to meet with
you here at the Embassy.
I understand that during Ambassador Mansfield's tenure, you
used to call the Embassy the "Bar None Ranch." The reason was
self-evident: He never tired of saying that the U.S. -Japan
relationship was the most important bilateral relationship in the
world, BAR NONE.
Well, as a Texan -- and as one who appreciates the
importance of U.S. -Japan relations and those who do so much to
further that relationship -- I like that kind of reasoning. And
unlike some Texas yarns, it's no tall tale, believe me.
From my own diplomatic experience, I am certain of this
fact: There is no more dedicated and loyal group of people than
the men and women -- American and foreign -- of our Foreign
Service. I also realize what a burden a Presidential visit can
be, and want you to know how we appreciate the hard work and
superb planning that have gone into our visit.
You know, a Japanese proverb says, "Life without endeavor is
like entering a jewel-mine and coming out with empty hands. "
Your professionalism and commitment enrich the ties which bind
the United States and Japan, and further the cause of peace in
this important area of the world.
I am delighted that the first foreign visitor to Washington
of my Administration was the Prime Minister of Japan, who,
incidentally, celebrates his 65th birthday on Sunday.
In a sense, we all have reason to celebrate. For his visit
several weeks ago underscored -- again -- the crucial role both
nations attach to our relationship. And our meetings were the
beginning of maintaining the closest possible consultation
between us as we work to resolve our differences, and pursue our
common goals.
We have problems, but with your help we are tackling them.
We face challenges, but with your help we will meet them.
And in coming months, as we focus, increasingly, on such
global issues as poverty and the environment, we will need your
energy, your resources, and most of all, your prayers.
In closing, let me say again how much we appreciate your
support. Thank you and good luck, and God bless the United
States of America.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
TO
TOKYO, JAPAN
FEBRUARY 23 - 25, 1989
EVENTS:
Working Luncheon with President Mitterrand
Courtesy Call on Prime Minister Takeshita
Bilateral Meetings
Funeral Ceremony for the Emperor Showa
American Embassy Community Greeting
Bilateral Meetings
Prime Minister's Reception
Audience with Emperor Akihito
Statement by the President
Bilateral Meetings
DRESS:
Men
- Business Suit
Dark Suit (Funeral Only)
Women
- Day Dress
Black Dress (Funeral Only)
CONTACT:
Office of Presidential Advance
John G. Keller, Jr. - 202/456-7565
Trip Coordinator
Kathy Kamionek - 202/456-7565
Tokyo, Japan Signal - 202/395-5549
ADVANCE:
Edward Murnane
- LEAD
Chris Molineaux
- PRESS
Cary Rosoff
- USSS
Thomas Semmes
- WHCA
Johnny Hill
- AFI
WEATHER:
Chance of Rain/High 30's
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
TOKYO, JAPAN
FEBRUARY 23 - 25, 1989
Thursday, February 23, 1989
12:45 pm Press Plane arrives Tokyo, Japan.
12:50 pm Back-Up Plane arrives Tokyo, Japan.
1:10 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Haneda Airport,
(11:10 pm on
Tokyo, Japan.
2/22/89 EST)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Official Party Members should follow
THE PRESIDENT off of Air Force One.
Remaining Guests and Staff should exit rear
steps.
1:12 pm The Honorable Yasushi Murazumi, Chief of
Protocol, and The Honorable L. Desaix
Anderson, U.S. Charge d'Affairs, board Air
Force One to greet THE PRESIDENT and
Mrs. Bush.
1:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush, accompanied by
Chief of Protocol Murazumi and Charge Anderson,
deplane Air Force One.
Met by:
The Honorable Nobuo Matsunaga
Japanese Ambassador to the United States
The Honorable Keizo Obuchi
Chief Cabinet Secretary
The HonoLable Tatsuo Arima
Director General of North American Affairs
Lt. General James B. Davis, USAF
Commander, U.S. Forces - Japan
1:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Haneda Airport en route Ambassador's
Residence.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Lead
E. Murnane
Page Two
Support
J. Keller
M. Fitzwater
Official Photographer
C. Healey
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
Charge Anderson
SY
WHCA
Staff I
B. Scowcroft
A. Card
J. Cicconi
D. Demarest
Staff II
R. Zoellick
G. Sigur
M. Tutwiler
J. Kelly
Staff Van
E. Rogers
A. Lopez
F. Gantt
A. Perez
L. Casey
Remaining Guests
and Staff
Amb. Limo
Nobuo Matsunaga
Tatsuo Arima
Shinichi Kitajima
Tail
Camera Car
Press Bus
(Drive Time: 15 Minutes)
Page Three
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Ambassador's Residence,
Essential Staff will be escorted to Second
Floor Holding Room. Official Party
Members participating in Lunch will be
escorted to Dining Room.
Remaining Guests and Staff will be brought
to hotel Okura. Upon arrival at Hotel
Okura, Guests and Staff proceed to Hotel
Lobby for Room and Key Assignments.
Essential Guests and Staff should board
Motorcade no later than 3:40 pm for
transport to Akasaka Palace.
1:35 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Ambassador's
Residence.
Note: Mrs. Bush will assume a separate schedule
at this time.
1:40 pm
THE PRESIDENT proceeds to Suite, Second Floor.
1:43 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Suite, Second Floor.
1:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Suite and proceeds to Main
Floor for Luncheon.
Page Four
EVENT:
-
WORKING LUNCHEON WITH PRESIDENT MITTERRAND
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
FRENCH PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Mitterrand
Secretary James Baker
John Sununu
Brent Scowcroft
Marlin Fitzwater
Robert Zoellick
Notetaker
Interpreter
2:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Main Floor and participates
in Luncheon.
3:30 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in Luncheon.
3:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs
Ambassador's Residence en route Akasaka Palace.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Page Five
Lead
E. Murnane
Support
J. Keller
M. Fitzwater
Official Photographer
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
Charge Anderson
SY
WHCA
Staff I
B. Scowcroft
G. Sigur
R. Zoellick
J. Kelly
Amb. Limo
N. Matsunaga
S. Kitajima
Tail
Camera Car
Press Pool Van
(Drive Time: 10 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Akasaka Palace,
Meeting Participants will accompany
THE PRESIDENT to the Courtesy Call.
Remaining Staff will be escorted to Holding
Area.
Official Party Members should board
Motorcade at arrival location no later
than 4:40 pm for transport to Hotel
Okura.
Page Six
3:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Akasaka Palace and proceeds
to 1st Floor Vestibule.
Met by:
Prime Minister Takeshita
EVENT:
COURTESY CALL ON PRIME MINISTER TAKESHITA
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
JAPANESE PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
Prime Minister Takeshita
Secretary James Baker
Chief Cabinet Secretary-
Charge Anderson
Keizo Obuchi
John Sununu
Ambassador to U.S. Nobuo
Brent Scowcroft
Matsunaga
Marlin Fitzwater
Deputy Foreign Minister-
Robert Zoellick
Takakazu Kuriyama
Gaston Sigur
Director General for
Jim Kelly
North American Affairs-
Interpreter
Tatsuo Arima
Director General for
Economic Affairs Bureau
Ministry of Foreign
Affairs - Yoshiyasu
Sato
Executive Assistant to
P.M. - Terusuke Terada
Director First North
American Division -
Yukio Okamoto
Interpreter
4:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT, accompanied by Prime Minister
Takeshita, enters Asahi-No-Ma Room and participates
in Courtesy Call.
Page Seven
4:40 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in Courtesy
Call, departs Asahi-No-Ma Room, and proceeds to
Motorcade.
4:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs Akasaka
Palace en route Hotel Okura.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same As On Arrival.
(Drive Time: 10 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Hotel Okura, Official Party
and Staff will receive Room and Key
Assignments at Arrival Point and will be
escorted to elevator.
4:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Hotel Okura and proceeds to
Suite.
Met by:
Mr. Tatsuro Goto
President of Hotel Okura
Mr. Goro Yamazaki
Executive Manager of Hotel Okura
5:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Suite for Private Time.
(PRIVATE TIME: 40 MINUTES)
Page Eight
5:40 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Suite and proceeds to
Motorcade.
5:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs
Hotel Okura en route Ambassador's Residence.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Lead
E. Murnane
Support
M. Fitzwater
J. Keller
Official Photographer
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
Charge Anderson
SY
WHCA
Staff I
B. Scowcroft
Tail
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
Page Nine
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Ambassador's Residence,
Meeting Participants will be escorted to
Holding Area. Staff will be escorted to
Staff Holding Area.
Please board Motorcade no later than
9:15 pm for transport to Hotel Okura.
5:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Ambassador's Residence
and proceeds to Library.
5:52 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
5:58 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH PORTUGESE PRIME MINISTER
MARIO SOARES
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
PORTUGESE PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
PRIME MINISTER SOARES
Secretary James Baker
Deputy Prime Ninister -
John Sununu
Dr. Enrico de Melo
Brent Scowcroft
Principle Secretary of
Marlin Fitzwater
the President - Joao
Notetaker
Diogo Nunes Barata
Interpreter
Page Ten
6:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes Prime
Minister Soares.
6:03 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies Prime Minister Soares to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
6:13 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts Prime Minister Soares to Foyer for
Farewell.
6:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
6:16 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
6:18 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT
HOSNI MUBARAK
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
Page Eleven
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
EGYPTIAN PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Mubarak
Secretary James Baker
Minister of State for
John Sununu
Foreign Affairs -
Brent Scowcroft
Boutros Boutros Ghali
Marlin Fitzwater
First Undersecretary of
Notetaker
the Ministry of Foreign
Interpreter
Affairs; Director of
the Office of
Presidential Foreign
Policy Affairs -
Dr. El-Baz Usama
Ambassador to Japan -
Wahib Fahmy El-Miniawy
Secretary to the
President - Moustafa
El-Fequy
6:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes President
Mubarak.
6:23 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Mubarak to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
6:38 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Mubarak to Foyer for Farewell.
6:40 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
6:41 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
Page Twelve
6:53 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH THAI PRIME MINISTER
CHATICHAI
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
THAI PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
Prime Minister Chatichai
Secretary James Baker
John Sununu
Brent Scowcroft
Marlin Fitzwater
Notetaker
Interpreter
6:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes Prime
Minister Chatichai.
6:58 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies Prime Minister Chatichai
to Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
7:18 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts Prime Minister Chatichai to Foyer for
Farewell.
7:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
Page Thirteen
7:21 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
7:28 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH SPANISH KING JUAN CARLOS I
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
SPANISH PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
King Juan Carlos I
Secretary James Baker
Minister of Congressional
John Sununu
Relations - Virgilio
Brent Scowcroft
Zapatero
Marlin Fitzwater
Director General for
Notetaker
North American and Asia
Interpreter
Ministry of Foreign
Affairs - Eudaldo
Mirapeix
Ambassador to Japan -
Camilio BARCIA Garcia-
Villamil
7:30 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes King Juan
Carlos.
7:33 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies King Juan Carlos to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
7:43 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts King Juan Carlos to Foyer for Farewell.
Page Fourteen
7:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
7:46 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief. hold.
7:48 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH JORDANIAN KING HUSSEIN I
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
JORDANIAN PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
King Hussein I
Secretary James Baker
Chief of the Royal
John Sununu
Hashemite Court -
Brent Scowcroft
H.H. Field Marshall
Marlin Fitzwater
Sharif Zaid Bin Shaker
Notetaker
Interpreter
7:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes King
Hussein.
7:53 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies King Hussein to Reception
Hall and participates in Bilateral Meeting.
8:13 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts King Hussein to Foyer for Farewell.
Page Fifteen
8:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
8:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief. hold.
8:43 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH ISRAELI PRESIDENT
HERZOG
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
ISRAELI PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Herzog
Secretary James Baker
Director General of the
John Sununu
President's Office -
Brent Scowcroft
Nissan Limpor
Marlin Fitzwater
Ambassador to Japan -
Notetaker
Nahum Eshkol
Interpreter
Assistant Director
General for African and
Asian Affairs, Ministry
of Foreign Affairs -
Yosef Hadas
8:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes President
Herzog.
8:48 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Herzog
to Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
Page Sixteen
9:08 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Herzog to Foyer for
Farewell.
9:10 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Motorcade.
9:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs
Ambassador's Residence en route Hotel Okura.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same As On Arrival.
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Guests and Staff have remainder of evening
free.
9:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Hotel Okura and proceeds
to Suite.
9:25 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Suite for RON.
Page Seventeen
Friday, February 24, 1989
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Only Essential Staff and Official
Mourners will accompany THE PRESIDENT
to the Funeral.
Please board Motorcade at Lower Level of
Hotel Okura no later than 9:30 am for
transport to Shinjuku Gyoen.
9:40 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Suite
and proceed to Motorcade.
9:45 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade
and depart Hotel Okura en route Shinjuku Gyoen.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Lead
E. Murnane
Page Eighteen
Support
M. Fitzwater
J. Keller
Official Photographer
C. Healey
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
Charge Anderson
B. Scowcroft
SY
WHCA
Tail
Camera Car
Press Van
(Drive Time: 15 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Shinjuku Gyoen, Seated
Guests will be escorted to seats.
Remaining Staff will be escorted to Staff
Holding Area.
Please board Motorcade no later than
12:35 pm for transport to American
Embassy.
10:00 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Shinjuku Gyoen
and enter Holding Room.
Met by:
The Honorable Yasushi Murazumi
Chief of Protocol
Page Nineteen
10:03 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room and
are escorted to Seating Area.
EVENT:
FUNERAL CEREMONY FOR THE EMPEROR SHOWA
OPEN PRESS
10:10 am Ceremony of Imperial House begins.
11:45 am Ceremony concludes.
11:55 am Ceremony of State begins.
12:39 am THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush are
announced.
12:40 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush pay respects to the
Emperor Showa.
NOTE: As THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush pay their
respects to the late Emperor Showa, other U.S.
Party Members should rise, pay their respects from
their seats, and proceed to the Motorcade for
immediate departure.
12:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in Funeral Ceremony, depart Seating, and proceed to
Motorcade.
12:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Shinjuku Gyoen en route American Embassy.
Page Twenty
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same As On Arrival.
(Drive Time: 15 Minutes)
1:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive American Embassy
and proceed to Auditorium.
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at American Embassy, Guest
and Staff will be escorted to Elevators
for transport from lower level to
Auditorium.
Please board Motorcade no later than
1:20 pm for transport to Hotel Okura.
ELEVATOR MANIFESTS
Elevator One
1. THE PRESIDENT
2. Mrs. Bush
3. Sec. Baker
4. Charge Anderson
5. J. Sununu
6. T. McBride
7. Doctor
8. Mil Aide
9. USSS
10. USSS
11. USSS
12. USSS
Page Twenty-One
Elevator Two
1. B. Scowcroft
2. S. Studdert
3. J. Keller
4. Official Photographer
5. E. Murnane
6. C. Healey
7. USSS
8. USSS
9. USSS
10. USSS
Elevator Two - Second Trip
Remaining Guests and Staff
EVENT:
AMERICAN EMBASSY COMMUNITY GREETING
CLOSED PRESS
OFF-STAGE ANNOUNCEMENT
BRIEF REMARKS
1:10 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush are announced into
Auditorium and remain standing.
1:12 pm
Charge Anderson introduces Secretary
Baker for brief remarks.
1:14 pm
Secretary Baker remarks and introduces
THE PRESIDENT for Brief Remarks.
1:16 pm
THE PRESIDENT gives Brief Remarks.
Page Twenty-Two
1:25 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes Brief Remarks and with Mrs.
Bush, departs Auditorium, and proceeds to
Motorcade.
1:30 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade
and depart American Embassy en route Hotel Okura.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same As On Arrival.
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
1:35 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Hotel Okura
and proceed to Suite.
1:40 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Suite for
Private Time.
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR 5 MINUTES)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Bilateral Meeting Participants and
Essential Staff should board Motorcade no
later than 2:35 pm for transport to
Ambassador's Residence.
2:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Suite and proceeds to
Motorcade.
Page Twenty-Three
2:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs Hotel
Okura en route Ambassador's Residence.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Lead
E. Murnane
Support
M. Fitzwater
J. Keller
Official Photographer
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
Charge Anderson
SY
WHCA
Staff I
B. Scowcroft
Tail
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Ambassador's Residence,
Meeting Participants and Staff will be
escorted to Holding Area.
Page Twenty-Four
Please board Motorcade no later than
5:55 pm for transport to Hotel Okura.
2:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Ambassador's Residence and
proceeds to Library.
2:57 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
2:59 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH GERMAN PRESIDENT RICHARD
VON WEIZSAECKER
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
GERMAN PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Weizsaecker
Secretary James Baker
John Sununu
Brent Scowcroft
Marlin Fitzwater
Notetaker
Interpreter
3:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes
President Weizsaecker.
3:03 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Weizsaecker to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
Page Twenty-Five
3:13 pm
- THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Weizsaecker to Foyer for
Farewell.
3:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
3:16 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
3:18 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH SINGAPORE PRESIDENT
LEE KWAN YEW
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
SINGAPORAN PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Lee
Secretary James Baker
Secretary of Foreign
John Sununu
Affairs - Peter Sung
Brent Scowcroft
Ambassador to Japan -
Marlin Fitzwater
Tong Fatt Cheng
Notetaker
Counsellor, Singapore
Interpreter
Embassy to Japan -
Kwok Pun Wong
3:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes
President Lee.
3:23 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Lee to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
Page Twenty-Six
3:43 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Lee to Foyer for Farewell.
3:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
3:46 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
3:53 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH BELGIAN KING BAUDOUIN
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
BELGIAN PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
King Baudouin
Secretary James Baker
John Sununu
Brent Scowcroft
Marlin Fitzwater
Notetaker
Interpreter
3:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes
King Baudouin.
3:58 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies King Baudouin to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
Page Twenty-Seven
4:08 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall and
escorts King Baudouin to Foyer for Farewell.
4:10 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
4:11 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
4:13 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH TURKISH PRESIDENT OZAL
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
TURKISH PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Ozal
Secretary James Baker
John Sununu
Brent Scowcroft
Marlin Fitzwater
Notetaker
Interpreter
4:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes President
Ozal.
4:18 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Ozal to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
Page Twenty-Eight
4:33 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Ozal to Foyer for Farewell.
4:35 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
4:36 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
4:48 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH PAKISTANI PRIME MINISTER
BHUTTO
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
PAKISTANI PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
Prime Minister Bhutto
Secretary James Baker
Foreign Minister -
John Sununu
Yagub Khan
Brent Scowcroft
Advisor on Foreign
Marlin Fitzwater
Affairs - Iqbal Akhund
Notetaker
Ambassador to U.S. Marker
Interpreter
Notetaker
4:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes Prime
Minister Bhutto.
4:52 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies Prime Minister Bhutto to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
Page Twenty-Nine
5:12 pm
-THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts Prime Minister Bhutto to Foyer for
Farewell.
5:14 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
5:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
5:23 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH ZAIRE PRESIDENT MOBUTO
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
ZAIRE PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Mobuto Sese
Seko
Secretary James Baker
Minister of Foreign
John Sununu
Affairs -
Brent Scowcroft
Nguz-a-Karl-i-Bond
Marlin Fitzwater
Special Counsellor -
Notetaker
Nkema Liloo
Interpreter
Director of President
Office - Mokonda
Banza
Ambassador in Tokyo -
Murairi Mitima K.
5:25 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes
President Mobuto.
Page Thirty
5:27 pm
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Mobuto to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
5:42 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Mobuto to Foyer for Farewell.
5:44 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Motorcade.
5:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Ambassador's Residence en
route Hotel Okura.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same As On Arrival.
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Please board Motorcade no later than
6:55 pm for transport to Akasaka Palace.
5:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Hotel Okura and proceeds to
Suite.
Page Thirty-One
6:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Suite for Private Time.
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR)
7:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Suite and
proceed to Motorcade.
7:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Hotel Okura en route Akasaka Palace.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Lead
E. Murnane
Support
M. Fitzwater
J. Keller
Official Photographer
C. Healey
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
Charge Anderson
B. Scowcroft
G. Sigur
SY
Page Thirty-Two
Tail
WHCA
Camera Car
Press Van
(Drive Time: 10 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Akasaka Palace, Guests and
Staff will be escorted to Holding Area.
Please board Motorcade no later than
7:40 pm for transport to Hotel Okura.
7:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Akasaka Palace
and proceed to Main Floor Vestibule.
Met by:
Ambassador Kadota
Deputy Grand Chamberlain
7:17 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Main Floor
Vestibule and are escorted to Sairan-No-Ma Room by
Protocol Officer.
EVENT:
PRIME MINISTER'S RECEPTION
POOL COVERAGE ONLY
MIX AND MINGLE
Page Thirty-Three
7:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Sairan-No-Ma
Room for Greeting.
Met by:
Prime Minister and Mrs. Takeshita
7:25 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude Greeting,
depart Sairan-No-Ma Room, and proceed to
Hagoromo-No-Ma Room for General Reception.
7:28 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Hagoromo-No-Ma
Room and participate in Reception.
7:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in Reception, depart Hagoromo-No-Ma Room, and
proceed to Motorcade.
7:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Akasaka Palace en route Hotel Okura.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same As On Arrival.
(Drive Time: 10 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Guests and Staff have remainder of
evening free.
Page Thirty-Four
8:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Hotel Okura and
proceed to Suite.
8:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Suite for RON.
Saturday, February 25, 1989
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Baggage Call is at 7:00 am. Please place
your unlocked baggage outside your doors
at this time.
Essential Staff only board Motorcade no
later than 9:35 am for transport to
Imperial Palace.
Bilateral participants not attending
Audience with Emperor Akihito should board
vehicles no later than 10:00 am for
transport to Ambassador's Residence.
9:40 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Suite and
proceed to Motorcade.
9:45 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Hotel Okura en route Imperial Palace.
Page Thirty-Five
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Lead
E. Murnane
Support
M. Fitzwater
J. Keller
Official Photographer
C. Healey
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
SY
WHCA
Tail
(Drive Time: 10 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Imperial Palace, Guests and
Staff should remain in vehicles.
Page Thirty-Six
9:55 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Imperial
Palace and proceed to Take-No-Ma Room.
Met by:
Vice Master of Ceremonies Yamamoto
EVENT:
AUDIENCE WITH EMPEROR AKIHITO
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
9:58 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Audience Room
for Audience with Emperor.
10:12 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in Audience and proceed to Motorcade.
10:15 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Imperial Palace en route Ambassador's
Residence.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same As On Arrival.
(Drive Time: 10 Minutes)
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Ambassador's Residence,
Meeting Participants will be escorted to
Holding Area. Staff will be escorted to
Staff Holding Area.
Page Thirty-Seven
Please board Motorcade no later than
11:30 am for transport to Hotel Okura.
10:25 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Ambassador's
Residence.
Note: Mrs. Bush will assume a separate schedule at
this time.
10:27 am
THE PRESIDENT proceeds to Library.
10:28 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
10:33 am
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Dining Room.
EVENT:
STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT
EXPANDED POOL
10:35 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Dining Room and conducts
Press Statement.
10:45 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes Statement and proceeds
to Library.
11:00 am
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
Page Thirty-Eight
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH NIGERIAN PRESIDENT IBRAHIM
BADAMASI BABANGIDA
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
NIGERIAN PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Babangida
Secretary James Baker
Minister of External
John Sununu
Affairs - Maj-General
Brent Scowcroft
Ike Nwachukwu
Marlin Fitzwater
Minister of
Notetaker
Communication - Col.
Interpreter
David Mark
Minister of Budget and
Planning; Spec Asst to
Pres. - Abu Bakar
Alhaji
Ambassador to Japan -
Dogon-Taro
11:05 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes President
Babangida.
11:08 am
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Babangida to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
11:28 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Babangida to Foyer for Farewell.
11:30 am
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Library.
Page Thirty-Nine
11:31 am
-THE PRESIDENT arrives Library for brief hold.
11:33 am
THE PRESIDENT departs Library and proceeds to
Foyer.
EVENT:
BILATERAL MEETING WITH BRAZILIAN PRESIDENT SARNEY
POOL COVERAGE ONLY AT BEGINNING
U.S. PARTICIPANTS
BRAZILIAN PARTICIPANTS
THE PRESIDENT
President Sarney
Secretary James Baker
Minister of Foreign
John Sununu
Affairs Sodre
Brent Scowcroft
Ambassador to Japan -
Marlin Fitzwater
Carlos Bueno
Notetaker
Adviser to President
Interpreter
Amb. Correra
Notetaker
Interpreter
11:35 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Foyer and welcomes President
Sarney.
11:38 am
THE PRESIDENT accompanies President Sarney to
Reception Hall and participates in Bilateral
Meeting.
11:58 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
Bilateral Meeting, departs Reception Hall, and
escorts President Sarney to Foyer for Farewell.
Page Forty
12:00 noon
THE PRESIDENT departs Foyer and proceeds to
Motorcade.
Note: Mrs. Bush will join THE PRESIDENT at this
time.
OFFICIAL PARTY/GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Guests and Staff should board Motorcade
no later than 12:05 pm for transport
to Haneda Airport.
Remaining Guests and Staff manifested on
2600 should board bus for transport to
Haneda Airport no later than 10:00 am at
Main Entrance of Hotel Okura.
Remaining Air Force One Guests and Staff
should board Motorcade at Main Entrance
of Hotel Okura no later than 12:05 pm.
12:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Ambassador's Residence en route Haneda
Airport.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Spare
Doctor
T. McBride
Control
J. Sununu
S. Studdert
Mil. Aide
Page Forty-One
Lead
E. Murnane
Support
M. Fitzwater
J. Keller
Official Photographer
C. Healey
Medic
Sec. Limo
Sec. Baker
Charge Anderson
SY
WHCA
Staff I
B. Scowcroft
A. Card
J. Cicconi
D. Demarest
Staff II
R. Zoellick
G. Sigur
M. Tutwiler
J. Kelly
Staff Van
E. Rogers
A. Lopez
F. Gantt
A. Perez
L. Casey
Remaining Guests and
Staff
Amb. Car
Nubuo Matsunaga
Tatsuo Arima
Shinichi Kitajima
Tail
Camera Car
Press Bus
(Drive Time: 15 Minutes)
Page Forty-Two
12:30 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Haneda Airport
and proceed to board Air Force One.
12:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Tokyo, Japan
(10:45 pm on
en route Beijing, China.
2/24/89 EST)
(Flying Time: 4 Hours 45 Minutes)
(Interchange: Yes)
(Time Change: Back 1 Hour)
(Food Service: Lunch)
12:55 pm
Back Up departs Tokyo, Japan en
route Beijing, China.
12:50 pm
Press Plane departs Tokyo, Japan
en route Beijing, China.
Page Forty-Three
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
FEBRUARY 22, 1989
EVENT:
Anchorage Welcome
DRESS:
Men
- Business Suit
Women
- Day Dress
CONTACT:
Presidential Advance Office
John G. Keller, Jr.
- 202/456-7565
Trip Coordinator
Patricia L. Conrad
- 202/456-7565
Anchorage, Alaska Signal - 907/278-6700
ADVANCE:
Kelly Walker
-LEAD
Ernie Silva
-PRESS
Werner Kalatschan
-USSS
Bruce Caughman
-MIL. AIDE
Richard Hange
-WHCA
Maj. Doyle Gage
-AF1
WEATHER:
Cloudy/Mid 20's
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
FEBRUARY 22, 1989
GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
4:00 am
Baggage Call for Guests and
Staff departing West Basement.
5:00 am
Guests and Staff not
manifested on Marine One will
depart West Basement en route
Andrews Air Force Base.
5:00 am
Baggage Call for those Guests
and Staff arriving Andrews Air
Force Base with own
transportation.
5:30 am
Guests and Staff with own
transportation should arrive
Distinguished Visitor's
Lounge, Andrews Air Force
Base.
5:00 am
Press Plane Departs.
5:45 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Marine One
and depart White House en route Andrews Air Force
Base.
MARINE ONE MANIFEST:
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
J. Sununu
B. Scowcroft
M. Fitzwater
T. McBride
Doctor
Mil. Aide
2 USSS
(Flying Time: 10 Minutes)
5:55 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Andrews Air
Force Base and proceed to board Air Force One.
6:00 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Andrews Air
Force Base en route Anchorage, Alaska.
(Flying Time: 7 Hours 30 Minutes)
(Interchange: None)
(Time Change: Back 4 Hours)
(Food Service: Breakfast/Sandwiches/
Snacks)
6:10 am
Back-up Plane Departs.
8:30 am Press Plane Arrives.
9:30 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Elmendorf Air
(1:30 pm EST)
Force Base, Anchorage, Alaska.
Met by:
The Honorable and Mrs. Steve Cowper (Michael)
Governor of Alaska
The Honorable and Mrs. Frank Murkowski (Nancy)
U.S. Senate
Page Two
The- Honorable and Mrs. Don Young (Lu)
U.S. Congressman
The Honorable and Mrs. Tom Fink (Pat)
Mayor of Anchorage
Lt. General and Mrs. Tom McInerney (Mona)
Base Commander, Alaskan Air Command
Maj. General and Mrs. Tom Field (Lucy)
Base Commander, 6th Army
Col. and Mrs Shell Storer (Christie)
Wing Commander, 21st Fighter Squadron
9:35 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Ramp Area and
proceed via Foot to Hangar 1.
GUEST AND STAFF INSTRUCTIONS:
Upon arrival at Elmendorf Air Force
Base, Guests and Staff will be
escorted to Hangar 1 Holding Room.
Please board Air Force One no later
than 11:10 for transport to Japan.
9:40 am Back-up Plane arrives.
9:40 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Hangar 1 and
proceed to Holding Room.
9:45 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Holding Room.
9:47 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room
and, accompanied by Secretary James Baker, proceed
to Off-Stage Announcement Area.
Page Three
EVENT:
ANCHORAGE WELCOME
OPEN PRESS
RUFFLES AND FLOURISHES
OFF-STAGE ANNOUNCEMENT
HAIL TO THE CHIEF
REMARKS
9:50 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush, accompanied by
Secretary Baker, are announced onto Stage and
proceed to Seats.
9:52 am
General McInerney introduces
Congressman Young.
9:54 am
THE PRESIDENT is introduced by Congressman
Young for Remarks.
9:55 am
THE PRESIDENT Remarks.
10:10 am
THE PRESIDENT concludes Remarks and with Mrs. Bush
and Secretary Baker, departs Stage and proceeds to
Holding Room.
10:15 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Holding Room
for Private Time.
(PRIVATE TIME: 35 MINUTES)
10:50 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room and
proceed by Foot to Air Force One.
Page Four
10:55 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Ramp Area and
proceed to board Air Force One.
11:00 am
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Anchorage,
Alaska en route Tokyo, Japan.
(Flying Time: 8 Hours 10 Minutes)
( Interchange: Yes)
(Time Change: Ahead 18 Hours)
(Food Service: Lunch/Sandwi.ches/Snacks)
11:05 am Press Plane Departs.
11:10 am Back-up Plane Departs.
(CROSS INTERNATIONAL DATELINE)
Page Five
WHITE HOUSE LIBRARY
AND
RESEARCH CENTER
the News
That's Fit to Print
The New York
NEW YORK, SUNDAY, JANUARY 8,
VOL.CXXXVIII
No. 47,744
Copyright
©
1989
The
New
York
Times
Hunt fo
New S
ROME, Jan: 7 -
of Pan Am Flight
bear the trademar
terrorist group, and
tors are speculatin
carried out either b
tion of terrorists or
group demonstratir
unknown capabilitie
Among the indiv
greatest suspicion
bomb maker not k
practiced his craft f
years and a terror
mander, held res
many operations a
dead only a few mon
Investigators an
Palestinian factions
to Yasir Arafat alo
that were once ass
the chairman of the
eration Organization
Associated Press
The Shifting 1
Emperor Akihito, right, receiving symbols of office yesterday. With him were his son, Prince Aya, second
A major issue for
from right; Prince Makasa, the brother of Emperor Hirohito, and Prince Takamado, Prince Makasa's son.
is to determine ho
politics of the Mid
changed the face
ROLE IN DRUG WAR
New Symbol for New Japan
particularly in the
Mr. Arafat's annot
to seek a negotiated
Akihito
basis of recogniti
FOR NATIONAL GUARD
Among the hypothe
Arafat has lost C
By DAVID E. SANGER
ments known to I
Special to The New York Times
cated bomb-making
TOKYO, Jan. 7 - In the closing
But the nature of that work was
In interviews th
44 States Suggest Projects for
days of World War II, as much of
transformed that day in the moun-
ernment investigat
Select Units of the Militia
Japan lay in ruins, an 11-year-old boy
tains. His real authority strictly cir-
ism experts in the
was living and studying in Nikko, a
cumscribed, Akihito will have a main
Europe and the M
quiet town in the mountains safe from
role of projecting a warm, reassuring
the American B-29 Su-
presence at home, and a benevolent,
By BERNARD E. TRAINOR
Man
perfortresses that were
peaceful face abroad, where Japan's
Special to The New York Times
in the
bombing Tokyo nightly.
past still prompts enmity and its eco-
WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 - Select Na-
News
The boy was Prince
nomic success often inspires jeal-
Interior De
tional Guard forces, including helicop-
Tsugu Akihito, and on
ousy. The Government appeared to
ter units and military police detach-
Aug. 15, 1945, he listened silently, sur-
recognized Akihito's challenge today
OfPublic
ments, will be used increasingly this
rounded by his chamberlains, as the
when it named his era Heisei, or
year in anti-drug activities. Defense
reedy voice of his father, Emperor
Achieving Peace, his reign name.
Department officials hope one result
Hirohito, crackled on the radio, tell-
While chiefly ceremonial, that role
will be to ease public pressure on the
ing a shocked Japanese people that
is hardly unimportant. In Japan sym-
Air Force, Army and Navy to fight
he had decided to surrender uncondi-
bolism is all important. And so it will
WASHINGTON, Jan.
drugs.
tionally to the Allies.
fall to Akihito to remain studiously
"I think I must study harder from
apolitical while still setting a tone, if
days of the Reagan Adm
The Government is supplying $40
Interior Department is
million to start anti-drug projects and
has redefined the Guard's mission to
now on," the young Prince is reported
not an agenda, for the nation. By his
of steps to accelerate
to have written in his diary.
bearing and presence, he seems
transfer of public lan
make activity against drugs as impor-
likely to signal to his people that
The day that Akihito was studying
sources of energy to pr
tant as training for combat. The Penta-
Japan's growing international stat-
for arrived today, more than 43 years
neurs.
gon's National Guard Bureau is solicit-
ure is something they can learn to be
after Hirohito broadcast his message.
Some members of Co
ing project ideas from the states, and
comfortable with.
so far 44 have responded.
At age 55, when many people here are
It is a role for which Akihito seems
vironmentalists say the
In a recent interview, Lieut. Gen.
beginning to turn their minds toward
amply prepared. In nearly 30 years of
11th-hour giveaway
Herbert R. Temple Jr., Chief of the Na-
retirement, Emperor Akihito is
sources. But Interior D
tional Guard Bureau, said the aim was
beginning his life's work.
Continued on Page 15A, Column 1
cials say they are obey
to stop the flow of narcotics into the
protecting existing prop
those lands.
country and wipe out marijuana farms.
Pentagon Is Asked for Help
Argentine Who Can't Say No
"We are seeing a cla
move to favor parties
Guard officials and spokesmen for
Administration," said
state Guard organizations said they
Runs as a Perón for the 90's
swerth, director of pub
had asked the Pentagon for help with
grams for the National
an array of programs like training
ation, the country's lar
Guard members, deploying military
tion group.
police personnel, providing community
By SHIRLEY CHRISTIAN
Among recent actions
education and obtaining equipment like
Special to The New York Times
Department are these:
helicopters and radar to patrol borders
LA RIOJA, Argentina, Jan. 3 - Car-
and entry points. Some programs
los Saúl Menem is known as a pleasant
4Resuming the proce
and
as
a
ring title to large
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, JANUARY
Japan's Role:
A Milestone
Hirohito's Death Puts
Focus on New Identity
By SUSAN CHIRA
Special to The New York Times
TOKYO, Jan. 7 - The death of Em-
peror Hirohito may. crystallize a na-
tional pride, self-confidence and search
for Japanese values under way long be-
fore he took ill.
Japan today is struggling with a new
identity as an economic
giant, uncertain just how
News
to fulfill the responsiblities
Analysis
that go with its new global
status, and just how its
economic power can
translate into political influence.
What kind of force in the world Japan
will be may depend in part on how
Japanese evaluate the era that offi-
cially ended today. In the next weeks
and months, Japanese, who seem ob-
sessed with self-examination, will be
confronting issues that will help clarify
what kind of democracy they have built
from the ashes of militarism.
Buddhist monks outside the Imperial Palace in Tokyo yesterday chanting for the repose of the
Japanese are discussing how differ-
ently the nation will mourn Hirohito,
manipulated by the real powers -
and enthrone Emperor Akihito, now
court families in the 10th century,
that a new Constitution declares the
shoguns in the 17th century, militarists
Emperor merely a symbol, no longer
in the 1930's - to confer legitimacy
divine. They will see whether their
upon them.
countrymen are willing to shatter
The wave of emotion at the outset of
taboos barring open discussion of his
Hirohito's illness, however, showed
war responsibility, and will debate
that some of the imperial mystique still
whether holding Shinto rituals to mark
lingers and that Japan's democracy
the passing of one Emperor and the as-
operates by rules different from those
cension of another is an acceptable
of its former tutor, the United States.
preservation of tradition or a violation
of the postwar division of state and reli-
Obedience to Convention
gion.
A national rush to cancel official
Japan after Hirohito will probably be
trips, festivals and weddings offered a
more comfortable expressing its na-
sobering reminder of the suggestiblity
tionalism. Some of Japan's allies have
of the Japanese public and their obedi-
already found more than a hint of arro-
ence to convention. The Mayor of
gance and complacency in the midst of
Nagasaki, Hitoshi Motoshima, who
Japan's pride in-its success.
dared to violate a taboo preventing
open discussion of Hirohito's war re-
Debate on Constitution
sponsibility, was hounded by death
threats from the extreme right and de-
And nationalist groups now talk of
nunciations by the governing Liberal
reviving debate on what they see as
Democratic Party.
outdated constraints on Japanese
A timid and respectful press had pre-
sovereignty. These include the Amer-
sented a uniform portrait of a nation
ican-imposed Constitution, its ban on
plunged into grief and did not print
the use of offensive military force and
what they knew - that the Emperor
its narrowly defined role for the Em-
was dying of cancer.
peror as merely a symbol of the state,
But as the Emperor lingered, the bal-
stripped of the mysticism and mythol-
ance slowly shifted back to normality,
ogy that shrouded an institution that
with many Japanese speaking out
has exercised little real power for most
against what they saw as national ex-
of Japanese history.
cess. Japanese continued to pay lip
A young girl paying her respects to a portrait of Empe
When Hirohito ascended the Chyr-
service to jishuku, or self-restraint, but
lying on a bed of pearls in the window of a jewelry shop in
santhemum Throne in 1926, he was re-
returned to leading their own lives as
vered as the human personification of
they chose.
a kami, or spirit, although not a "god"
Indeed, along with the flood of adula-
but unable to stop the militarists who
tem, felt differently. In
in the Western sense of the word. But
tory comments from officials, intellec-
really ran the country. They point out
day, the party said, "A
tuals and athletes, there were Japa-
that it was he who made the final deci-
Japan lost that idea of the Emperor
we are called to speak C
after its defeat in World War II. Hi-
nese who brought up World War II and
sion to surrender. That version is ac-
tion of the tens of millio
rohito cooperated in the destruction of
the question of the Emperor's wartime
cepted by many historians, both Japa-
the war of aggression
responsibility. The ancient ceremony
nese and American.
his own myth, renouncing his divinity
mestic rule, who cam
and venturing outside the Imperial
held today in which Emperor Akihito
But others question why Hirohito did
more. The Emperor
Palace to meet the same countrymen
received the imperial regalia of sword
not use the mystique and reverence
heaviest and supreme
who would not have dared to look him
and jewels has already drawn criti-
that cloaked him to oppose advisers
for the war of aggression
in the eye only a few years before.
cism. Among others, leaders of Japan's
who wanted war and did not step in
Balancing Dark ar
In the postwar Constitution imposed
small Christian community said such
earlier to stop it.
Newspapers, too, str
by the United States Occupation, the
Shinto rites, held in the presence of
Government officials, from Prime
Emperor serves only as "the symbol of
Government officials, violated the
ance the dark and brig
Minister Noboru Takeshita on down to
Showa era that ended
the state and the unity of the Japanese
postwar separation of religion and
many Japanese on the street, said the
Shimbun praised Hirohi
people." His official functions are lim-
state.
Emperor had helped comfort the na-
to end the war and for I
ited to opening Japan's first legislative
Portrayed as Man of Peace
tion through days of privation. "There
against the militarists
session, greeting state guests, signing
are few, if not any," Mr. Takeshita said
nated Government leade
most)legislation and affixing his seal to
Long newspaper articles and televi-
today, "who have not been moved by
did so in such a way tha
Government appointments.
sion documentaries about Hirohito's
his benevolent heart and impartial,
only he had exercised hi
This circumscribed role is actually a
life that appeared today hinted at an of-
selfless, earnest and sincere personal-
greater extent in avoid
return to historical reality. For most of
ficial interpretation of his era. Almost
ity
inevitably comes to mi
The Japan Communist which
reviewing the history
rians, both Japa-
the war of aggression and narsh do-
mestic rule, who cannot speak any
the British royal family.
to bear some responsibility FOR
why Hirohito did
more. The Emperor Hirohito bears the
The new Emperor may try, meas-
War 11. She came to the palace not for
heaviest and supreme responsibility
uredly and gradually, to nudge the im-
Hirohito, she said, "but for my own
le and reverence
for the war of aggression."
perial system a bit closer to the present
memories."
oppose advisers
day. He and the Empress Michikò are
The Government and the Imperial
d did not step in
Balancing Dark and Bright
known to want more freedom to meet
Household Agency attended to the
Newspapers, 100, struggled to bal-
their subjects - even to make a few
ritual ceremonies that mark the pass-
als, from Prime
ance the dark and bright days of the
friends. But it remains to be seen
ing of an Emperor and the ascension of
eshita on down to
Showa era that ended today. Asahi
whether they can prevail over the stern
another. The Chief Cabinet Secretary,
le street, said the
Shimbun praised Hirohito for deciding
bureaucrats of the Imperial Household
Keizo Obuchi, explained that the new
comfort the na-
to end the war and for his firm stance
Agency, who virtually dictate the Im-
reign that begins Sunday will be called
privation. "There
against the militarists who assassi-
perial Family's every move.
Heisei, roughly translateable as
1r. Takeshita said
nated Government leaders in 1936. "He
From now on, Hirohito will be known
Achieving Peace.
t been moved by
did so in such a way that the notion, 'If
in Japan as the Emperor Showa, the
1 and impartial,
only he had exercised his influence to a
name, meaning Enlightened Peace,
'Peace' and 'Achlevement'
sincere personal-
greater extent in avoiding the war,'
that was given to his reign. Now
In deciding upon the era's name,
inevitably comes to mind for anyone
Akihito will preside, at least in spirit,
which is used to date years in all offi-
nist Party, which
reviewing the history of the Showa
over a new era - today christened Hei-
cial Japanese documents, the Govern-
the imperial sys-
years."
sei, or Achieving Peace.
ment drew upon a committee of
scholars who combed the Chinese clas-
sics for proper ideographs and finally
settled on Heisei. This new coinage
ore Assertive Economic Power
combines the characters that form
part of the words "peace" and
"achievement." Mr. Obuchi said the
e imperial court's
first time. Thousands of Japanese
new era name expressed the hope that
not immediately
bought their first television sets ex-
"both within the country and outside,
S parents, but at
pressly to watch the wedding, and
on heaven and earth, peace will be
ed to another pal-
many took up tennis.
achieved."
largely by court
The young couple seemed deter-
On Sunday, Japan will mark the first
began a meticu-
mined to incorporate elements of
day of Heisei 1, just as today is the last
cation and lonely
Western life into their lives, openly
day of Showa 64. Emperor Hirohito ac-
rejecting the traditions under which
tually ascended the throne a little more
Akihito grew up. They invited friends
than 62 years ago, on Dec. 25, 1926, but
ning his life was
over for dinner. They raised their
the last few days of 1926 were known as
verprotected. He
own children.
Showa 1 and the first seven days of 1989
ere without an en-
An aristocratic schoolmate of
are counted as Showa 64.
an a dozen cham-
Akihito seemed somewhat shocked to
Earlier in the day, other ancient ritu-
Dr. But when he re-,
discover during a small dinner party
als took place. In the first, a state cere-
fter the war, the
in 1961 that the couple had actually
mony with Shinto overtones held in the
1 had been leveled
expressed warmth and affection for
presence of Prime Minister Noboru Ta-
bs, and the young-
each other, something that even to-
keshita, Emperor Akihito received the
y shocked by the
day is almost never shown publicly in
Imperial regalia of a sword and jewel,
yo and the suffer-
Japanese marriages. He was even
as well as the Imperial seal and seal of
S.
more shocked to discover that
state.
ok on Fish
Akihito did some of the cooking and
The sword is linked to a 12th-century
washed the dishes.
ruler who is said to have expanded the
irohito that his son
The quiet departure from tradition
area under control of the Imperial
ive a much broad-
continued as they sent two of their
court. The comma-shaped ancient
ternational educa-
children abroad for their education:
jewels are a symbol of the Imperial
predecessors. And
First Prince Hiro - named Crown
throne. Both of these treasures, as well
her from Philadel-
Prince Naruhito today - now 28 and
as a replica of a mirror said to be the
ay Vining, came to
Reuters
next in line for the throne, was sent to
emblem of Amaterasu, the sun god-
glish - and with it
The Chinese ideograph for "Hei-
Oxford for postgraduate work; now
dess, mythical founder of Japan and di-
- to the young
sei," the name chosen for the
Prince Aya has followed. Princess
rect, ancestor of the Imperial line, are
I a select group of
reign of Emperor Akihito.
Nori, the couple's only daughter, just
usually kept near the Emperor.
Roughly translated, it means
entered a local college,
oung boy painfully
Funeral to Be Announced
By and large the couple has kept a
ard and at first al-
Achieving Peace.
low profile, showing up in the pages of
The Government has not yet. an-
ative. But soon she
Japanese newspapers mostly at dedi-
nounced the date of a state funeral, but
aring had more to
cations and official greetings during
Japanese television stations predicted
oundings than his
tion he would travel extensively
nearly 20 trips abroad.
today that it would take place on Feb.
abroad, something his father had
But there have been occasional
24.
he led a very dull
been denied except for one six-month
flashes of a desire to break out of the
While ordinary Japanese citizens
ife," Mrs. Vining
trip to Europe as Crown Prince, a trip
palace walls more often. Three years
grieve for Hirohito's death, it came as
2 memories, "Win-
that Hirohito later regarded as a high
most would have preferred - quietly,
own Prince." She
ago the Foreign Correspondents'
to set him free, to
point of his life. Akihito, in contrast,
Club here invited them to an anniver-
signaled long in advance, with time for
attended the coronation of Queen
sary ball. To the correspondents'
preparation and adjustment, time to
e to develop enthu-
feel out what behavior would be accept-
Elizabeth 11, received a warm greet-
sts."
shock the couple came and danced.
ing from Winston Churchill and used
able and what would be frowned upon.
id. He shared his fa-
Avoids Political Statements
the chance to visit 13 other countries:
Most private businesses had long
sea life, and today
Back home he became an ardent
But if Akihito seems bound to
since briefed their employees on what
IS an accomplished
horseman and learned to play a mean
change the atmospherics of the Im-
to do when the Emperor died. One de-
thor of two dozen
game of table tennis.
perial Palace, he does not seem in-
partment store employee was told to
and a book about
clined to change the institution itself.
have a black dress ready but come into
around Japan.
At age 25, he married Michiko
In his public comments, however, he
work without jewelry.
Prince desperately
Shoda, the daughter of a flour milling
has worked so hard to avoid making
The Ministry of Finance issued de-
energy of a rebuild-
executive. He had met her on the ten-
statements that could be construed as
tailed instructions to banks about hoist-
is an often-told story
nis courts of Karuizawa, a summer
political that some wonder whether
ing Japanese flags and observing the
en true, that during
resort, where she had roundly de-
he has any political convictions at all.
two suggested days of mourning for
days he and some
feated him in doubles, and he became
Two years ago, responding to ques-
private companies, which fall on a
in escape from the
the first Emperor to select his own
tions from the Yomiuri Shimbun, a
weekend in which many businesses
prious few hours, he
wife rather than having the task per-
major newspaper, Akihito said:
would have been open only a half-day
114 of The n
formed for him.
The Emperor Is not in a position to
on Saturday anyway.
111 may from the
1111 1433 the 111 at TITUR
hr whole Wen of " royal IIIIII ringe
move polities. Traditionally, he
Many of the neon signs that usually
in
"
to a Roman Catholic college and 81411 ma-
me
who
had
ething by himself.
stands IIII the appritual position of
light up nighttime Tokyo stayed dark
'just wanted to ride
sharing the joys and the sufferings of
tonight. Television newscasters wore
jored in English literature - cap-
the people.'
black. Neither radio nor television ran
tured the imagination of Japanese
He started today, with the suffer-
there was no ques-
commercials and newspapers did not
wrestling with democracy for the
ings.
run advertisements.
ESDA/FAIR OAKS/MARLEY STATION/RICH'S ATLANTA. ALL STORES 1003. OPEN SUNDAY (EXCEPT PARAMUS)
NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1989
AT END OF AN ERA,
PRAYERS IN TOKYO
The Japanese Mourn and Cry
and Then Get Back to the
the Needs of Business
By SUSAN CHIRA
Special to The New York Times
TOKYO, Jan. 7 - On this last day of
the era called Showa, or Enlightened
Peace, this nation cried, prayed, skied,
shopped and had its hair done.
Japan paid its respects to the Em-
peror, who died this morning, in a prop-
erly Japanese way - a bow to ancient
rituals, a nod to the needs of modern
commerce.
By nightfall, more than 125,000 Japa-
nese had streamed to the Imperial Pal-
ace, their footsteps crunching on the
graveled paths, to mourn, to sign a
register of condolences, to share a mo-
ment in their history. An elderly
woman knelt, bowed her head to the
ground, slowly rubbed her hands to-
Associated Press
gether in prayer, and then rose and si-
in Tokyo yesterday chanting for the repose of the soul of Emperor Hirohito.
lently wiped the tears from her eyes. A
white-haired man dressed in black
raised his arms over his head, called
The editorial continued, "Each one of
out "Banzai!" and then stood at atten-
the Japanese people seems convinced
tion as he waited to sign his name:
that the new spirit of Showa, which em-
In the fashionable Roppongi neigh-
braced democracy and international
borhood a few miles away, shoppers
collaboration, and in which the Em-
young and old scanned the racks for
peror and the people were united, was
bargains, and clerks wearing black
of immeasurable value in building a
mourning ribbons continued to ring up
conviction against repeating the blun-
sales, business as usual. At the
ders of the early Showa years.'
Odawara plant of Hitachi Ltd. near
Indeed, there is little evidence of
Mount Fuji, employees gathered at
popular support for an expanded role
8:25 A.M., stood for a moment in silent
for the Emperor or the nationalist
prayer, then went right to work on the
agenda. The forces that prompted
assembly line.
Japan's embrace of militarism - a
Heading for the Slopes
consuming need to catch up with the
Young members of ski clubs boarded
West, a keen sense of inferiority, the
trains heading north for the slopes,
desire to create an empire of colonies
grinning as they told television report-
to match those of Western powers - no
ers that yes, they knew the Emperor
longer exist to the same degree. Japan
had died, and even gave the precise
has proved itself to the world.
time. And a 75-year-old woman on her
Hirohito's passing will probably
way to a musical said she felt that it
bring shifts of tone rather than any fun-
would be a waste to give up her ticket,
damental change in Japan's course, or
even though she respected the Em-
even a remarkably different imperial
peror and she knew that the Govern-
style from the new Emperor, Akihito.
ment had asked private citizens to re-
Most Want No Change
frain from music and dancing.
In a nation often labeled mindlessly
The overwhelming majority of Japa-
conformist, Japanese emotions about
nese, whatever their attitude to the
Hirohito's passing were as diverse as
ceremonies so important in this ritual-
the ways in which they marked it.
conscious society, have told pollsters in
Yoshiko Tomosaburo, a middle-aged
Reuters
the past that they want the Emperor
housewife, went to the Imperial Palace
ng girl paying her respects to a portrait of Emperor Hirohito,
system neither abolished nor augment-
to pay her respects to a "splendid"
ed. It is a system that reflects the na-
n a bed of pearls in the window of a jewelry shop in Tokyo.
Emperor. "Showa had the shadow of
tion.
war over it," she said, referring to the
Japan's monarchs remain formal,
name given Hirohito's reign. "But now
ple to stop the militarists who
tem, felt differently. In a statement to-
cloaked in secrecy, their public contact
that will be completely ended in the
day, the party said, "At this moment
limited to occasional ceremonial greet-
new era."
in the country. They point out
as he who made the final deci-
we are called to speak out in deep emo-
ings. They avoid the constant ribbon-
Yuko Fukakusa, a 30-year-old office
turrender. That version is ac-
tion of the tens of millions of victims of
cuttings, the nicknames, the breathless
worker, said she had no special feelings
the war of aggression and harsh do-
reports of royal peccadilloes that dog
y. many historians, both Japa-
about the Emperor and believed he had
American.
mestic rule, who cannot speak any
the British royal family.
to bear some responsibility for World
ers question why Hirohito did
more. The Emperor Hirohito bears the
The new Emperor may try, meas-
War II. She came to the palace not for
heaviest and supreme responsibility
uredly and gradually, to nudge the im-
Hirohito, she said, "but for my own
the mystique and reverence
for the war of aggression."
perial system a bit closer to the present
memories."
aked him to oppose advisers
day. He and the Empress Michiko are
The Government and the Imperial
ited war and did not step in
Balancing Dark and Bright
known to want more freedom to meet
Household Agency attended to the
stop it.
Newspapers, too, struggled to bal-
their subjects - even to make a few
ritual ceremonies that mark the pass-
nment officials, from Prime
ance the dark and bright days of the
friends. But it remains to be seen
ing of an Emperor and the ascension of
Noboru Takeshita on down to
Showa era that ended today. Asahi
whether they can prevail over the stern
another. The Chief Cabinet Secretary,
apanese on the street, said the
Shimbun praised Hirohito for deciding
bureaucrats of the Imperial Household
Keizo Obuchi, explained that the new
r had helped comfort the na-
to end the war and for his firm stance
Agency, who virtually dictate the Im-
reign that begins Sunday will be called
bugh days of privation. "There
against the militarists who assassi-
perial Family's every move.
Heisei, roughly translateable as
if not any,' Mr. Takeshita said
nated Government leaders in 1936. "He
From now on, Hirohito will be known
Achieving Peace.
'who have not been moved by
did SO in such a way that the notion, 'If
in Japan as the Emperor Showa, the
evolent heart and impartial,
only he had exercised his influence to a
name, meaning Enlightened Peace,
'Peace' and 'Achievement'
earnest and sincere personal-
greater extent in avoiding the war,'
that was given to his reign. Now
In deciding upon the era's name,
inevitably comes to mind for anyone
Akihito will preside, at least in spirit,
which is used to date years in all offi-
apan Communist Party, which
reviewing the history of the Showa
over a new era - today christened Hei-
cial Japanese documents, the Govern-
ays opposed the imperial sys-
years."
sei, or Achieving Peace.
ment drew upon a committee of
scholars who combed the Chinese clas-
sics for proper ideographs and finally
a More Assertive Economic Power
settled on Heisei. This new coinage
combines the characters that form
part of the words "peace" and
settled on Heisei. This new coinage
Akihito, a New Symbol for a More Assertive Economic Power
combines the characters that form
part of the words "peace" and
"achievement." Mr. Obuchi said the
In a break with the imperial
first time. Thousands of Japanese
new era name expressed the hope that
between the Emperor and the people
bought their first television sets ex-
"both within the country and outside,
Continued From Page 1
who, in prewar times, were called his
tradition, he was not immediately
pressly to watch the wedding, and
on heaven and earth, peace will be
separated from his parents, but at
state visits, tours of Japanese indus-
subjects.
many took up tennis.
achieved.'
Today they are just citizens, and
age 3 he was moved to another pal-
The young couple seemed deter-
On Sunday, Japan will mark the first
and academic exchanges with fel-
while it is unlikely that personalities
ace. There, raised largely by court
mined to incorporate elements of
day of Heisei 1, just as today is the last
OW marine biologists, he has learned
and foibles of the royal family here
chamberlains, he began a meticu-
Western life into their lives, openly
day of Showa 64. Emperor Hirohito ac-
now to be a study in kindly gray. He is
will become as familiar as those of
lously planned education and lonely
rejecting the traditions under which
tually ascended the throne a little more
a worldly and highly educated man
Britain's royalty, Akihito and Michi-
childhood.
Akihito grew up. They invited friends
than 62 years ago, on Dec. 25, 1926, but
out one who, at least until today,
ko seem likely to chip away at the
From the beginning his life was
over for dinner. They raised their
the last few days of 1926 were known as
seems to have been perfectly happy
"Chrysanthemum Curtain" that has
nurtured and overprotected. He
own children.
Showa 1 and the first seven days of 1989
made emperors into mysteries.
rarely went anywhere without an en-
An aristocratic schoolmate of
are counted as Showa 64.
to study fish and wait his turn.
"I've seen him develop from a
Akihito seemed somewhat shocked to
Earlier in the day, other ancient ritu-
Among the Japanese, he does not
tourage of more than a dozen cham-
evoke the kind of warm praise that
young man, and he has a very human
berlains and a doctor. But when he re-
discover during a small dinner party
als took place. In the first, a state cere-
touch," Edwin O. Reischauer, the for-
turned to Tokyo after the war, the
in 1961 that the couple had actually
mony with Shinto overtones held in the
surrounds Hirohito, whom many here
mer United States Ambassador to
house he grew up in had been leveled
expressed warmth and affection for
presence of Prime Minister Noboru Ta-
regard as a patrician figure who,
Japan and the dean of American
by incendiary bombs, and the young-
each other, something that even to-
keshita, Emperor Akihito received the
while distant, helped guide them
scholars of Japan, said recently. "I
day is almost never shown publicly in
Imperial regalia of a sword and jewel,
ster was reportedly shocked by the
through traumatic times.
think the Japanese will develop a
devastation of Tokyo and the suffer-
Japanese marriages. He was even
as well as the Imperial seal and seal of
But there is evidence, though slight,
warm image of him."
more shocked to discover that
state.
ing of its inhabitants.
Akihito did some of the cooking and
The sword is linked to a 12th-century
that in subtle ways Emperor Akihito
The man who is likely to become
Wrote a Book on Fish
and his stylish, engaging wife, Prin-
washed the dishes.
ruler who is said to have expanded the
the symbol of a more assertive eco-
It was clear to Hirohito that his son
The quiet departure from tradition
area under control of the Imperial
cess Michiko, will once again change
nomic superpower was born in Tokyo
the shifting institution of Japan's im-
on Dec. 23, 1933, after his parents had
would have to receive a much broad-
continued as they sent two of their
court. The comma-shaped ancient
er, much more international educa-
children abroad for their education:
jewels are a symbol of the Imperial
perial court. Already they have made
a succession of four girls. There were
First Prince Hiro - named Crown
throne. Both of these treasures, as well
lantern' parades through Tokyo to
tion than any of his predecessors. And
efforts to mix more with ordinary
soon a Quaker teacher from Philadel-
Prince Naruhito today - now 28 and
as a replica of a mirror said to be the
Japanese, to close the yawning gap
celebrate.
Reuters
next in line for the throne, was sent to
emblem of Amaterasu, the sun god-
phia, Elizabeth Gray Vining, came to
Tokyo to teach English - and with it
The Chinese ideograph for "Hei-
Oxford for postgraduate work; now
dess, mythical founder of Japan and di-
Western thought - to the young
sei," the name chosen for the
Prince Aya has followed. Princess
rect ancestor of the Imperial line, are
Crown Prince and a select group of
Nori, the couple's only daughter, just
usually kept near the Emperor.
reign of Emperor Akihito.
his classmates.
entered a local college,
Funeral to Be Announced
She found the young boy painfully
Roughly translated, it means
By and large the couple has kept a
The Government has not yet. an-
polite, a bit awkward and at first al-
Achieving Peace.
low profile, showing up in the pages of
THE ADVERTISING COUNCIL
nounced the date of a state funeral, but
Ad
most without initiative. But soon she
Japanese newspapers mostly at dedi-
cations and official greetings during
Japanese television stations predicted
discovered his bearing had more to
We don't know how
today that it would take place on Feb.
do with his surroundings than his
tion he would travel extensively
nearly 20 trips abroad.
mind.
abroad, something his father had
But there have been occasional
24.
While ordinary Japanese citizens
"I thought that he led a very dull
been denied except for one six-month
flashes of a desire to break out of the
grieve for Hirohito's death, it came as
to solve every problem
and restricted life," Mrs. Vining
trip to Europe as Crown Prince, a trip
palace walls more often. Three years
most would have preferred - quietly,
wrote in her 1952 memories, "Win-
that Hirohito later regarded as a high
ago the Foreign Correspondents'
signaled long in advance, with time for
dows for the Crown Prince." She
point of his life. Akihito, in contrast,
Club here invited them to an anniver-
preparation and adjustment, time to
in the community,
added, "I longed to set him free, to
attended the coronation of Queen
sary ball. To the correspondents'
feel out what behavior would be accept-
give him a chance to develop enthu-
Elizabeth II, received a warm greet-
shock the couple came and danced.
able and what would be frowned upon.
siasms and interests."
ing from Winston Churchill and used
Avoids Political Statements
Most private businesses had long
but we know
Over time, he did. He shared his fa-
the chance to visit 13 other countries:
ther's passion for sea life, and today
Back home he became an ardent
But if Akihito seems- bound to
since briefed their employees on what
horseman and learned to play a mean
change the atmospherics of the Im-
to do when the Emperor died. One de-
he is regarded as an accomplished
the people who do.
perial Palace, he does not seem in-
partment store employee was told to
scientist, the author of two dozen
game of table tennis.
have a black dress ready but come into
scholarly papers and a book about
clined to change the institution itself.
fish found in and around Japan.
At age 25, he married Michiko
In his public comments, however, he
work without jewelry.
The young Prince desperately
Shoda, the daughter of a flour milling
has worked so hard to avoid making
The Ministry of Finance issued de-
wanted to feel the energy of a rebuild-
executive. He had met her on the ten-
statements that could be construed as
tailed instructions to banks about hoist-
nis courts of Karuizawa, a summer
political that some wonder whether
ing Japanese flags and observing the
WHERE THERE'S A NEED, THERE'S A WAY.
ing Tokyo. There is an often-told story
here, perhaps even true, that during
resort, where she had roundly de-
he has any political convictions at all.
two suggested days of mourning for
his high school days he and some
feated him in doubles, and he became
Two years ago, responding to ques-
private companies, which fall on a
friends plotted an escape from the
the first Emperor to select his own
tions from the Yomiuri Shimbun, a
weekend in which many businesses
THE UNITED WAY
wife rather than having the task per-
major newspaper, Akihito said:
would have been open only a half-day
palace. For a glorious few hours, he
walked the streets of the Ginza, a
formed for him.
The Emperor is not in a position to
on Saturday anyway
The whole idea of a royal marriage
move. politics. Traditionally, he
Many of the neon signs that usually
Thanks to you it works for all of us.
mile or SO but a world away from the
Imperial Court, and for the first time
stands on the spiritual position of
light up nighttime Tokyo stayed dark
to a commoner - one who had gone
©1985UNITED WAY
to a Roman Catholic collegé and ma-
sharing the joys and the sufferings of
tonight. Television newscasters wore
he bought something by himself.
black. Neither radio nor television ran
Later he said he "just wanted to ride
jored in English literature - cap-
the people.".
He started today, with the suffer-
commercials and newspapers did not
an electric train."
tured the imagination of Japanese
run advertisements.
ques-
wrestling with democracy for the
ings.
INTERNATIONAL
Death of an Emperor
It was the worst of times, it was the best of times
MacArthur soon notified Washington
during Hirohito's turbulent 62-year reign in Japan
that there was insufficient evidence to
prosecute Hirohito for complicity in Japa-
nese atrocities, and the institution of the
monarchy survived. The emperor spent the
mperor Hirohito, the shy and unas-
charged with war crimes, according to Maj.
next eight years touring the nation to re-
E
suming marine biologist in whose
Faubion Bowers, MacArthur's interpreter.
build unity and demonstrate that the bur-
name Imperial Japan fought and
"It was done in my name, and I am respon-
den of defeat was shared by all Japanese,
lost World War II, died of cancer
sible," Hirohito said. "I was surprised at
high and low. His tours-the first time
last week at the age of 87-the last
how deeply moved the general [was]," Bow-
most commoners had ever seen their for-
member of the group of wartime figures
ers recalled. "He who had only recently
mer god-king-were sometimes tumultu-
that included Hitler, Stalin, Churchill,
been speaking about "exacting terrible tolls
ous events, and not all were successful. On
Chiang Kai-shek and Franklin Roosevelt.
from the Japanese'
now seemed touched
some occasions the emperor was buffeted
His 62-year reign on the Chrysanthemum
and changed by a tiny little man."
by unruly crowds and student demonstra-
Throne saw Japan's emergence and even-
tors, and the shy and distant Hirohito fre-
tual destruction as an aggressive military
quently seemed ill at ease in public. Com-
power; historians still debate the emper-
pared with the awe and deference the
or's role in the war. But Hirohito also
emperor had known all his life, it was a
reigned over Japan's 40-year re-emergence
powerful statement of changing times.
as a bastion of the world economy-and if
Modest man: It seems probable that Hiro-
he bore titular responsibility for the suffer-
hito accepted his diminished status easily;
ings of the Japanese people in war, he
he was, by all accounts, a modest man.
passes into history as the symbol of a nation
Raised in the protective confines of the
that is both prosperous and at peace.
imperial household, his daily life was rigid-
Son of the Emperor Taisho and grandson
ly supervised by chamberlains and ladies-
of the great Emperor Meiji, Hirohito be-
in-waiting. He began his education in a
came an arahitogami, or living god, at the
school for the sons of the nobility and later
age of 27. But the proclamation of his divin-
was tutored with a select group of five boys.
ity, a mixture of Shinto ritual and mystic
He became interested in biology early on;
nationalism, conferred no real political
by the end of his life, Hirohito had written
power. Like his father before him, Hirohito
eight scholarly books on his specialty, ma-
was a constitutional monarch whose role
rine hydrozoa. His first real contact with
was roughly analogous to that of the king of
the world beyond the court came in 1921
England. Prewar Japanese politics was
when, as crown prince, he was sent on a
dominated by revolving cliques of milita-
tour of Europe. In Paris, he recalled, he was
rists; Gen. Hideki Tojo, Japan's wartime
amazed when a subway conductor yelled at
prime minister, was later executed for di-
him for not surrendering his Metro ticket;
recting the government's strategy of Asian
no one had ever spoken to him that way.
conquest. The clearest instance of Hirohi-
In England, where he was the guest of
to's intervention in political affairs was in
George V, the king surprised him by casu-
August 1945, when the emperor stretched
ally appearing in his room one morning to
his constitutional bounds. At that moment,
pat Hirohito on the back and say, "If there's
with Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Tokyo in
anything you want, just ask." The British
ruins and the cabinet bitterly divided over
royal household, Hirohito said in 1979, was
the wisdom of fighting on, Hirohito decided
like a second home to him-and the public
to accept Allied demands for Japan's un-
role of the British monarch, an affection-
conditional surrender.
ately familiar figurehead for the nation,
On Jan. 1, 1946, Hirohito shocked his
became his lifelong ideal.
subjects and shook Japanese culture to its
Hirohito became crown prince regent in
tradition-drenched roots. By order of Gen.
1921 when the duties of his father, who was
Douglas MacArthur of the Allied forces, he
mentally ill, were assigned to him. Married
renounced his divinity. It was an act of
in 1924 to the Princess Nagako, a daughter
courage for the frail, bespectacled man who
of one of Japan's five princely families, he
came to symbolize continuity for the shat-
became the 124th emperor in late 1926. His
tered nation. The story of Hirohito's first
place in Japanese culture and politics was
encounter with MacArthur is even more
always somewhat ambiguous, and it be-
remarkable: he was high on the list of sus-
came more SO over the years. Former U.S.
pected war criminals when the occupation
ambassador Edwin 0. Reischauer, an emi-
forces landed in Japan, a time when Mac-
nent student of Japanese history, writes
Arthur was bent on retribution. Hirohito
PANA
that Japan's prewar leadership combined
asked to take the place of military leaders
Symbol of a nation: The monarch last May
"awesome respect of the emperor and cal-
34 NEWSWEEK JANUARY 16, 1989
lous manipulation of his person" to achieve
the model of the modern Brit-
its political goals. When the cabinet opted
ish monarchy; most observers
for war in 1941, Hirohito said in 1975, "I
think he may well be more ac-
could not override their decisions. I believe
cessible to the public but hardly
this was in accordance with the provisions
more political.
of the Japanese Constitution."
The agonizing duration of Hi-
World conquest: But the exact nature of
rohito's illness gave the Japa-
Hirohito's wartime role remains contro-
nese time to take stock of their
versial-and while most Japanese accept
modern-day monarchy. Almost
the monarchy as a benign if somewhat ar-
from the moment his condition
chaic institution, the emperor still stirs
began to deteriorate last Sep-
passions at both ends of the political spec-
tember, the nation seemed to
trum. Some researchers, like Hirohito
step back slightly from its fre-
biographer and NEWSWEEK Contributing
netic pace. The Japanese called
Editor Edward Behr, argue that the emper-
it a mood of jishuku ("self-re-
or was directly involved in promoting Ja-
straint"), and it was evident al-
HASHIMOTO-SYGMA
pan's dream of world conquest and that
most everywhere. The govern-
Accessible: Akihito and his wife, Michiko
Hirohito had personal knowledge of the
ment canceled many official
military's plans for the attack on Pearl
trips and functions. Company
Harbor. Some Japanese blame Hirohito for
well as the seals of office. He bowed once to
parties, sporting events and even weddings
not ending the war earlier, and the royal
his chamberlains as Prime Minister No-
were postponed. The grieving reached the
family is still unpopular on Okinawa, scene
boru Takeshita and 25 other government
point where Akihito-on the advice of gov-
of a bloody rear-guard battle in 1945.
officials looked on. The ceremony, for the
ernment officials-told the grand steward
As custom requires, the new emperor,
first time ever, was aired later in the day on
of the Imperial Household Agency that Hi-
former crown prince Akihito, 55, was
TV. Hirohito's funeral is scheduled for Feb.
rohito opposed the cancellations because
installed almost immediately. Akihito
24; George Bush is planning to attend, his
they disturbed people's lives.
donned a Western-style morning coat and
first trip abroad as U.S. president. After a
To many ordinary Japanese, as well, the
striped trousers to receive the regalia of
year, Akihito will have a formal coronation.
show of respect seemed overdone. Social
office: an ancient sword and jewel that had
Married to a commoner, he may be even
critic Chieko Akiyama even suggested that
symbolized his imperial ancestors' rule, as
more inclined than his father to follow
the collective self-restraint called the na-
Scenes From
a Lifetime
AP
UPI-BETTMANN
Spanning the century: (clockwise
from above) Hirohito at
three, the USS Arizona at
Pearl Harbor, a prewar
leader reviewing troops in
1937, the marine biologist
examining a specimen, with
MacArthur at the start of
the American occupation
PANA-BLACK STAR
NEWSWEEK : JANUARY 16, 1989 35
T1
tion's character into question. "Japan is
also on video-rental shops: TV stations
and remembered, perhaps with mixed
like a feudal society, where people don't act
switched to somber music and biographies
emotions, Hirohito's part in Japan's turbu-
according to their own will but simply fol-
of Hirohito, so many Japanese were in
lent history. "For a long time I blamed him
low everyone else," she told the magazine
search of something else to watch. Japan's
for the war in which we had to suffer so
Sunday Mainichi. "It seems that after 40
Disneyland remained open, but manage-
much," said Masashi Inagaki, 60. "But my
years we still haven't been able to develop
ment said the park's music would be played
bitter feelings began to fade away as I real-
democracy." When the end finally did
at half volume. Government agencies
ized that the emperor himself had to carry
come, however, the country at least had
planned to avoid loud festivities for six
the past all through his life." Then, tears
had time to reconcile itself to the inevita-
days. The public was asked to display re-
rolling down his cheeks, Inagaki added, "I
ble. While some Japanese cried, there was
straint only for the weekend.
want him to go peacefully, without pain. I
sign of a nationwide paroxysm of grief or
Hirohito's final months brought a steady
came to bid farewell to the emperor today."
of a mass return to emperor worship. There
parade of mourners to the gates of the Im-
ToM MORGANTHAU with BRADLEY MARTIN,
was a run on white chrysanthemums-the
perial Palace. Many were older men and
HIDEKO TAKAYAMA, YURIKO HOSHIAIAND
proper flower for mourning displays-and
women who had survived the war years
JEANNE SATHER in Tokyo
1 Can't Imagine Another Way of Life'
influenced by his own lone-
ly upbringing. The crown
prince's personal life is also a
distinct break from custom.
The age of Heisei, "achiev-
peace," now begins.
He has invited old school
Crown Prince Akihito has
chums over for a drink and a
prepared for this moment
chat. He's an avid tennis play-
since 1952, when he officially
er and horseback rider. Prin-
became successor to the Japa-
cess Michiko made her own
nese throne. And while his ac-
break with the past when she
cession is evoking all the cere-
had a small kitchen of her
mony due Japan's 125th
own installed in the imperial
emperor, Akihito's daily rou-
residence SO she could bake
tine won't actually change
for her family. Women of aris-
much. During Hirohito's in-
tocratic families were usually
creasingly frequent bouts of
not even allowed in the
illness, Akihito assumed his
kitchen.
father's duties. He served
Down to earth: While the new
for years as Hirohito's surro-
imperial couple may be more
gate in voyages overseas and
down to earth than Hirohito
PANA
for numerous public appear-
and Empress Nagako, no one
A modern monarchist: Akihito in Okinawa in November 1987
ances at home. During his fa-
expects Akihito's reign to be
ther's final illness, he put the
anything resembling a radi-
imperial seal on official docu-
former peers' school where,
to-be, most of Japan was spell-
cal departure from his fa-
ments. But the Japanese
during Akihito's time, almost
bound by the "romance of the
ther's. When in Japan, he
monarchy is much more than
all his classmates were from
century." The number of tele-
speaks in the bland, circum-
the sum of the emperor's dai-
privileged aristocratic fam-
vision sets in the country dou-
spect manner for which Hiro-
ly duties.
ilies. Perhaps his biggest act
bled almost overnight. On
hito was always known. He
The emperor is a national
of self-assertion was his mar-
their wedding day, April 10,
has been carefully groomed
icon, and Akihito, 55, is a
riage to a commoner, the
1959, more than 500,000
for the throne. "I can't imag-
fitting symbol of postwar Ja-
daughter of a wealthy flour-
cheering well-wishers lined
ine being able to choose anoth-
pan. He has broken with cen-
company president. Even
their parade route.
er way of life," he once told
turies of tradition, sometimes
then, it took his handlers to
Since then, the royal couple
foreign correspondents. Per-
cautiously, sometimes asser-
arrange a first encounter.
has traveled abroad to some
haps his son, 28-year-old Hiro,
tively. He was the first heir
Intense scrutiny: That first
40 countries, ranging from
will have a broader view. Hiro
apparent given something re-
meeting with Michiko Shoda
the United States to Denmark
is the first heir apparent to the
sembling a normal boy's up-
(he was 23, she 22) took place
to Sri Lanka. In the process,
Japanese throne to have stud-
bringing, and the first to
on the tennis court of a sum-
they seemed to shed the for-
ied abroad: he spent two years
marry a commoner. Never-
mer resort in Karuizawa. The
mality required of them at
at Oxford, where in addition
theless, Akihito was raised
prince fell in love within a
home. The prince and prin-
to his studies he mastered the
apart from his parents in
week and in letters and tele-
cess speak English well; he is
arts of doing laundry and us-
strict imperial style, sur-
phone calls implored Michiko
said to have developed an af-
ing a credit card. But for now,
rounded by protective cham-
to marry him. She and her
finity for things foreign-and
tradition and its guardian, the
berlains who saw to his needs
family-at first wary of the
for independent thinking-
Imperial Household Agency,
and strictly limited his activi-
intense public scrutiny a
from his English teacher, a
will envelop the new emperor.
ties. His one big adolescent ad-
princess must face-finally
Quaker from Philadelphia.
The Chrysanthemum Cur-
venture: sneaking out of a
consented. While some aristo-
He surprised his countrymen
tain may flutter, but it
school dormitory to try a Gin-
crats and old-fashioned gov-
when he insisted that his
'tfall.
za coffee shop with friends.
ernment officials frowned on
three children be raised in his
DORIAN BENKOIL with
His school was Gakushuin, a
the bloodlines of the princess-
house. He had been strongly
HIDEKO TAKAYAMA in Tokyo
36 NEWSWEEK JANUARY 16, 1989
SANKEI SHIMBUN
The god who became a man: the Emperor in a 1986 appearance
and wearing an enthronement robe at his coronation in 1926
World
JAPAN
The Longest Reign
With Hirohito's death, an economic giant begins a new era
he call came before 5 a.m., sum-
ple as a living god, died at the age of 87.
prayed, some affected disinterest. All re-
moning the chief court physician
The longest-reigning monarch on
alized that an era of great change for their
to the bedside of the ailing mon-
earth, Hirohito was the last survivor of the
country, a period immortalized as the
arch. Since September, when the
leaders of the World War II era. He occu-
Showa era, or time of enlightened peace,
aging Emperor was first stricken with in-
pied the Chrysanthemum Throne longer
was at an end.
ternal hemorrhaging, he had remained in
than any of his recorded predecessors.
Though the vigil for the Emperor last-
a second-floor bedroom of his residence
During his 62 years as Emperor, Hirohito
ed more than three months, the Japanese
within the walled, moated and heavily
presided over a nation that soared to
were not officially informed that Hirohito
wooded grounds of the Imperial Palace. A
heights of military arrogance, plummeted
suffered from cancer until after he died.
victim of duodenal cancer, he grew weak-
catastrophically and rose again to become
Within moments of the death announce-
er each day. Dr. Akira Takagi rushed into
a formidable industrial power. Through it
ment, mourners converged on the Imperi-
the palace within minutes of the sum-
all, the slight, stooped Hirohito retained
al Palace in Tokyo. "Since he fell ill, I've
mons, followed closely by Crown Prince
an unassuming tranquillity. As Japan's
been praying every day for his recovery,"
Akihito and his wife Crown Princess Mi-
national television network flashed the
said office clerk Yuko Kitagawa, 32, tears
chiko, then by Prime Minister Noboru
words TENNO-HEIKA HOGYO (the Emper-
streaming down her cheeks. "I'm just
Takeshita. At 6:33 a.m. Emperor Hirohi-
or passes away) last Saturday, some of the
sad." The National Police Agency mobi-
to, once worshiped by the Japanese peo-
country's 122 million citizens wept, some
lized 15,000 police to patrol the Imperial
30
TIME, JANUARY 16, 1989
A leader who commanded more respect as a symbol than as a personality: Hirohito making one of his many factory-inspection visits in 1946
and Togu palaces. Many flags flew at
that was his first purchase and a reminder
more than 26 centuries. Children were
half-staff; others were adorned with black
of his first glimpse of freedom. He also
told they would be blinded if they saw Hi-
ribbons. Japan's stock and bond markets,
took home a taste for Western food and
rohito's face; the very mention of his name
regularly open on Saturday, were closed.
clothes that he never lost. In 1975, 54
was taboo. Yet Hirohito was well aware
Government offices were observing a six-
years after he expressed a determination
that he was to be as much pawn as ruler.
day mourning period, and workers were
to visit the U.S., Hirohito finally realized
Even as his advisers refrained from look-
requested to refrain from festive singing
his dream. During his 15-day tour, he at-
ing at him, they also refused to listen to
or dancing. Even a major sumo-wrestling
tended a football game, met John Wayne
him. His divine authority was not enough
tournament was postponed a day.
and visited Disneyland. For years there-
to suppress the military officers who began
In a silent four-minute ceremony that
after, a Mickey Mouse watch could be
taking control of the country in the 1930s.
took place less than four hours after his fa-
seen on the imperial wrist.
ther's death, Akihito, 55, received the im-
From the beginning, the Emperor
irohito's reticence made it diffi-
perial and state seals and replicas of two
commanded more respect as a symbol
cult to determine whether he
of the imperial treasures that symbolize
than as a personality. Installed as Crown
was guilty of complicity in, or
the throne. By legend, the actual trea-
Prince at 15, he ascended to the Chrysan-
mere compliance with, the ex-
sures-a mirror, a sword and a crescent-
themum Throne in 1926 as the 124th Liv-
pansionism that characterized Japan dur-
shaped jewel-trace back to the Shinto
ing God in a dynastic line stretching back
ing his first two decades as Emperor. Ulti-
sun goddess Amaterasu. The gov-
mately 2.3 million Japanese soldiers
ernment chose a name for Emperor
and 800,000 civilians died in World
Akihito's reign: Heisei, the achieve-
War П. But most of the evidence
ment of complete peace on earth
suggests that Hirohito was at heart a
and in the heavens.
peace-loving man. At a Cabinet
To many Westerners, the idea of
meeting in 1941, when his ministers
the Japanese monarchy seems a par-
UNDERWOOD AND UNDERWOOD
agitated for the bombing of Pearl
adox in a country that has become
Harbor, the Emperor surprised
the cynosure of the modern industri-
them all by suddenly reciting a
al world. Yet the institution, the old-
poem composed by his grandfather,
est of its kind on the globe, lies at the
the Emperor Meiji: "In a world/
center of Japan's national psyche,
Where all the seas/ Are brethren/
characterizing both the country's
Why then do wind and wave/ So
flexibility and its resistance to the
stridently clash?" With that, he fell
shock of the new. As Akihito suc-
silent.
ceeds his father, the institution and
Silence, however, finally proved
the nation are at another beginning.
untenable. In 1945, with Tokyo
In many ways, Hirohito perfect-
aflame, Hiroshima and Nagasaki
ly reflected his country's fascination
reduced to rubble, and military offi-
with the West. When Hirohito em-
cers still eager to fight, the Emperor
barked on a six-month tour of Eu-
insisted on announcing his country's
rope in 1921, he became the first
surrender. As he spoke, he publicly
member of the Japanese royal fam-
betrayed emotion for almost the
ily to set foot outside his homeland.
only time in his life: his voice broke.
For the rest of his life, the Emperor
Later that month the poker-faced
treasured the Paris subway ticket
Ruler and pawn: armed forces Commander in Chief in 1940
monarch humbly presented himself
TIME, JANUARY 16. 1989
31
World
before a moved and astonished General
Douglas MacArthur to accept full respon-
sibility for all his country's martial trans-
gressions. In 1946 Hirohito renounced the
Akihito: The Son Also Rises
"false conception that the Emperor is di-
vine." Commoners were no longer forbid-
den to look at his face. The state confiscat-
H
e is a slight, unprepossessing figure who has passed most of his life puttering
contentedly beyond the reach of history's spotlight. His time has been spent
ed most of his $250 million fortune.
writing monographs on the goby (a spiny-finned fish of the Gobiidae family),
The shedding of divine status came
playing the cello and raising his two sons and one daughter. His official duties
naturally, perhaps, to a man who had nev-
have kept him fitfully in the public eye but not in the popular imagination. As
er seemed at home amid the panoply of
Crown Prince Akihito ascends Japan's Chrysanthemum Throne, he remains a
godhood. Instead of the ornate Imperial
mystery to his countrymen and a cipher to the world.
Palace, Hirohito chose to live in a non-
Akihito was born on Dec. 23, 1933, the long-awaited first son of Hirohito and
descript two-story Western-style house
Empress Nagako, who had already produced four girls. In time-honored imperi-
deep inside the palace grounds. Rather
al fashion, the prince was separated from his parents at about the age of three and
than hold court in resplendent formal
raised by nurses, tutors and chamberlains. Yet in a departure from custom, at six
dress, he preferred to putter around in
Akihito was sent to school with commoners in order to broaden him. When the
battered Panama hat and short-sleeved
Allies began closing in on Japan during World War II, he and some of his class-
shirt. More than formal dinners, he rel-
mates were evacuated to provincial cities.
ished quiet nights at home with Empress
The Crown Prince showed
Nagako, now 85, a cheerful wife with
his mettle in 1959 when he chose
whom he had two sons and five daughters.
for his bride Michiko Shoda, the
first nonaristocrat elevated to
irohito's greatest pleasure was
royal consort.
the study of marine biology,
about becoming a member of the
which he enthusiastically con-
royal family, she was at first re-
ducted in a laboratory built for
luctant to accept Akihito's
him on his palace grounds. It was far
proposal, but his passionate woo-
more than a hobby: he published several
ing won her over. They were
books on the subject, and was a leading
married amid nationwide
authority on jellyfish (medusae). The Em-
celebration.
peror also kept himself busy by observing
The couple set up house in
the ceremonial duties demanded of him
the Togu Gosho, the Crown
by the postwar constitution. Despite his
Prince's unpretentious residence
fondness for privacy, he diligently opened
half a mile from the Imperial
the Diet (parliament), welcomed foreign
Palace. But reports soon filtered
envoys and brushstroked his signature on
out that Empress Nagako resent-
about 1,200 state papers a year. The Em-
ed the intrusion of a commoner
peror even bravely made the rounds of
into the family. The situation was
factories, though his shyness was so in-
exacerbated when, in another
tense that he almost never ventured any
break with tradition, Akihito and
comment except "A so desu ka? [Is that
The new Emperor and Empress in Nikko
Michiko chose to raise their chil-
so?]" Once, it is said, he was ushered
dren-Prince Hiro, now 28,
into a receiving room to greet a visiting
Prince Aya, 23, and Princess Nori, 19-at home. In 1986 they stepped further
dignitary. The door was opened to re-
into workaday modernity when they took their first subway ride.
veal an empty hall. The Emperor
As Crown Prince, Akihito began his workday at 10 a.m., planning public ap-
peered into the chamber, bowed and
pearances and receiving visitors. Later the family would gather in the palace sit-
turned to his aides: "Most interesting
ting room for tea and cake-and for Prince Hiro, perhaps a slug of whiskey,
and pleasant. We should have more cer-
which he learned to savor during two years at Oxford's Merton College. The eli-
emonies like this."
gible Prince Hiro, an aspiring historian, overshadows his father in the public
Most important, Hirohito, in his con-
mind because Japanese newspapers have unleashed squads of reporters to cover
stancy and serenity, served as an inspira-
the big story: whom he will marry and when.
tion and a comfort to his people. While
Like Hirohito, who was an avid amateur marine biologist, Akihito became an
gamely adapting himself to the wrenching
expert on fish. He is also a dedicated musician, and the palace often resounds with
changes of postwar Japan, he continued
impromptu concerts of Mozart, Grieg or Beethoven; Akihito is a fine cellist and is
to incarnate many of his culture's most
joined by his wife playing the harp, Hiro on viola, Aya on the guitar and Nori at the
ancient and hallowed customs. One of
piano. Says chief chamberlain Yasuo Shigeta: "This is a family so full of sweet music."
them required the Emperor to compose a
For all his majesty, Akihito has never projected a clear public image. "His great
traditional poem each year. In 1946, with
natural dignity is combined with a shyness which sometimes seems like hauteur; and
his country broken and his role dimin-
the ability to suffer fools gladly, which is so great an asset to any public figure, is
ished, Hirohito took his leave of divine
apparently missing," wrote Elizabeth Gray Vining in her 1952 book Windows for the
status with this calm verse: "Under
Crown Prince. Vining, a Philadelphia Quaker, tutored the Crown Prince in English
the weight of winter snow/ The pine
during the late 1940s, but her description still seems valid: "He has a better than
tree's branches bend/ But do not break."
average mind, clear, analytical, independent, with a turn for original thought. He is
By 1987, he could write a different verse
aware of his destiny; he accepts it soberly." Now, nearly four decades later, Akihito
about his rebuilt land: "Year by year,
and his destiny have finally come together.
-By Michael Walsh.
as our country/ Has recovered from
Reported by S. Chang and Seiichi Kanise/Tokyo
the war/ The dawn redwood has grown
taller."
-By Pico lyer
32
TIME, JANUARY 16, 1989
Japan
Suggested Remarks
state
For President Bush
draft /
DANT
American Embassy Staff
February 29, 1989
This
is
Barbara? and my Y have made our first overseas trip, to attend
and it important is at one.
the funeral of the late Emperor. We were deeply moved by the
today's
dignity of yesterday's memorial service, and the affection in
which the late Emperor was held.
tomorrow
We gather at a time of sadness, but also of hope. For this
will
new
morning we called upon Their Majesties, the Emperor and Empress.
And we were are proud to pay our respects and those of the American
people to His Imperial Majesty, the new Emperor.
Barbara and I are delighted to have this chance to meet with
you here at the Embassy.
I understand that during Ambassador Mansfield's tenure, you
used to call the Embassy the "Bar None Ranch. " The reason was
self-evident: He never tired of saying that the U.S.-Japan
relationship was the most important bilateral relationship in the
world, BAR NONE.
Well, as a Texan--and as one who appreciates the importance
somech to further Hatrelatonshup,
of U.S-Japan relations and those who do its tending--I like that
kind of reasoning. And unlike some Texas yarns, it's no tall
tale, believe me.
your professional and communent
You know, a Japanese proverb says, "Life without endeavor is
like entering a jewel-mine and coming out with empty hands. " My
friends, endeavor is your means Professicnalism is your end. You
use your hands to reach that end, and to enrich the ties which
bind the United States and Japany and further the C and of
pease in this impor that area of the was Ld,
From my own diplomatic experience, I am certain of this
fact: There is no more dedicated and loyal group of people than
the men and women--American and foreign--of our Foreign Service.
I also realize what a burden a presidential visit can be, and
want you to know how we appreciate the hard work and superb
planning that have gone into our visit.
I am delighted that the first foreign visitor to Washington
of my Administration was the Prime Minister of Japan, who,
incidentally, celebrates his 65th birthday
tomorrow. on Sunday
In a sense, we all have reason to celebrate. For his visit
several weeks ago underscored--again--the crucial role both
nations attach to our relationship. And our meetings were but the
beginning of maintaining the closest possible consultation* between
work
and
us we Discussions to resolve our differences cooperation to pursue our
common goals.
We have problems, but with your help we are tackling them.
We face challenges, but with your help we will meet them.
And in coming months, as we focus, increasingly, on such
global issues as poverty and the environment, we will need your
energy, your resources, and most of all, your prayers.
In closing, let me say again how much we appreciate your
support. Thank you and good luck, and God bless the United States
of America.
We face challenges, but with your help we will meet them. And in
dedicated and loyal group of people than the men and
women American and foreign of our Foreign Service. I also know
what a burden a presidential visit can be, and want you to know
how we appreciate the hard work and excellent planning that have
gone into our visit. tired of saying that the U.S. Japan
relationship was the most
McGranty/Dooley Smith
Draft Remarks for President's
Meeting with American Embassy Staff
February 25, 1989
Dr
clinas
Barbara and I have made our first overseas trip to attend
the funeral of the late Emperor. and pay our respects and those
of the American people to His imperial Majesty the new
Dewall
Emperor.
L
We were greatly moved by the solemn dignity of
yesterday's memorial service and the affection in which the
For
galler
late Emperor was held by his people.
While we join our
ala 4 asades
Japanese friends in mourning the passing of the Emperor, we are
pleased that we could be here and call upon Their Majesties the
( Am ml
Igence
Emperor and Empress this morning.
epplas
Barbara and I are delighted to have this opportunity to
cas
meet with you have here at the Embassy.
eleners
I understand that during
publent
Ambassador Mansfield's tenure here, you used to call the
meal
Embassy the "Bar None Ranch," since he never tired of saying
that the US-Japan relationship was the most important bilateral
relationship in the world, BAR NONE.
As a Texan -- and as
+
someone who appreciates the importance of US-Japan relations
Is in us
us is
and the hands who tend the relationship daily -- I like that.
From my own diplomatic experience, I know and appreciate
of
that there is no more dedicated and loyal group of people than
the men and women -- American and foreign -- of our Foreign
whis
Service. I also know what a burden a presidential visit can be
and want you all to know how much we appreciate the hard work
and excellent planning that has gone into this visit.
I am delighted that the first foreign visitor to Washington
of my administration was the Prime Minister of Japan. That Ususis
role
up.uml
underscores again the importance both nations attach to our
relationship. Our meetings were but the beginning of
maintaining the closest possible consultation between us as we
work to resolve our differénces and pursue our many common
interests. and
vies
We have problems, but with your help we are tackling them.
We are also turning our attention to such global problems as
poverty and the environment and will be devoting an increasing
share of our energy and resources to solving those.
In conclusion, let me say again how much we appreciate your
support. Thank you and good luck, L
camp
>
up
by
JANUARY 1989
LOOK
LOOKING BACK ON '88
IRAN-IRAQ PEACE
JAPANESE COMICS
JAPAN
ASIAN-PACIFIC ECONOMY
'FUZZY' COMPUTING
The Tokyo Mystique
MCI P 25/12/88 MCI(P) 25/12/88
Australia
A$4.50
Canada
C$4.60
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HK$24
Japan
¥660
New Zealand
NZ $5.40
Switzerland
F4.80
United Kingdom
£1.90
Belgium
F120
France
F18.80
India
Rs.38
Korea
W2,500
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P60
Taiwan
NT$105
U.S.A.
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B$6.00
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DM5.70
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Rp.4,800
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Others
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KDD:
Japan's Link
with the World
"KONNICHIWA", a word people greet one another in
Japan, is becoming well-known around the world.
International communication begins with simple
greetings like this.
As relations between Japan and the rest of the
world grow more complex, KDD-Japan's international
communications company-means that it takes an
ever greater responsibility for keeping the lines of
communication open.
KDD offers a wide variety of services with the
latest technologies to allow easy, round-the-clock
access to international communications.
And we're building a global communications network
in cooperation with all the world telecommunications
entities.
Carried by telephone, telex and leased circuit, our
international communications services transcend the
KDD
barriers of time and place to keep people all over the
world in touch.
KDD Japan's link with the world.
KDD
CONTENTS
LOOK
LOOKING
JAPAN
Cover Story
The Tokyo Mystique
THE SPICE OF LIFE
"Variety's the very spice of life,"
HEART-TO-HEART: Multilateral Aid for Developing Countries 31
William Cowper once wrote. To-
JAPANESE ART PATRONS: Keizō Saji 46-47
kyo, the center of Japanese eco-
nomics and politics and one of the
largest melting pots in the world,
Sci-Tech
embodies this very sentiment. Its
DISCUSSION: Japan's International Contribution
cultural pluralism, appearing in
many forms (the food, museums,
fashion, theater), continues to at-
Towards the Unknown
tract growing numbers of foreig-
Science and technology have
ners and Japanese, as inter-
brought about the Japanese
nationalization and new services
industrial successes of today. But,
rapidly transform the city and the outlying areas into a cultural
how will Japan's present deem-
resource for the world. This "miracle city," which has maintained
high levels of sanitation, safety and employment-unprecedented
phasis of pure science and its
for densely-populated urban centers-is the subject of this month's
equivocation on issues concern-
cover story. (Photo: Kyodo) 4-7
ing scientific ethics affect the
shape of things to come? 11-13
Opinion
JAPANESE PERSPECTIVE: Iran-Iraq Cease-Fire 3
GOVERNMENT POLICY: White Paper on Industrial Technology 32
TALKING ABOUT TOMORROW: Paul Kennedy and Takashi Inoguchi
DATA BOX: Sci-Tech/New Products News 33
8-10
COMPUTER SCIENCE: "Fuzzy" Logic 34
VIEWPOINTS: 1988 in Retrospect 22-23
INVITATION TO UNIQUE MUSEUMS: Museological Considerations
FOREIGN VOICES: Summer Internships in Japanese Companies 24-25
Collected Works
Economy
From Ptolemy's Egypt until the
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: Exposition Island
present, the museums of the world
have kept a singular purpose-to
edify the public. Though late-
Events to Grow On
comers, Japan's unique mu-
Japanese cities, outside of Tokyo,
seums are finally taking their
are jumping on the exposition
places of prominence among
bandwagon this year, to raise
them. 36-37
money for local development-
this will enable them to move out
from the shadows of the capital
NEW SERVICES: Tremor-Proof Buildings 38
city into a limelight that is very
much their own. 16-18
Everyday
FACTS OF LIFE: Japan's Defense Policy 42
data BOX: Economy 19
DATA BOX: Short Takes 42-43
NEW GLOBALISM: The Asian-Pacific Economy 26-27
JAPANESE HUMOR: A Contradiction in Terms? 43
OVERSEAS INVESTMENT: Metek Kitamura Co., Ltd. 28
Culture
Business
DATA BOX: Culture 25
COMPANY STRATEGIES: Tokyo Electric Power Co. 20-21
popular CULTURE: Japanese Comics
data BOX: Business 21
LOCAL REVITALIZATION: Cooperation With the Hoppoken 29
Manga Mania
People
Manga, covering all age-groups
CULTURAL EXCHANGE: The Ship for World Youth
and interests in Japanese society,
are winning many readers over-
seas, where the most avid of fans
are buying them in the original
Voyage of Discovery
Japanese for the sheer enjoyment
This month, young adults from 12
of the pictures. 39-41
countries will embark on a 71-day
ocean voyage, during which they
will take part in sports and
discussions of world affairs, and
PHOTO DOCUMENTARY: Seasonal Japan 44-45
make life-long friendships that
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS: Kyoto International Student
bridge geographical and cultural
House 48
miles. 14-15
Others
JAPANESE IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Yoshitaka Kurihara
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: 2
30
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
1
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
LOOK
JAPAN
The Japanese Overseas
public schools in Riverdale, Bronx, N.Y.
has in turn inspired some thinking.
I enjoy your magazine and have found
Calm, Intelligent Coverage of
the articles "Good Neighbors" and
Haruo Iguchi
Japan, in English, for 35 Years.
"Japan's Choices" in the November
Tokyo, Japan
issue to be especially thought-provoking.
VOL. 34 NO. 394 JANUARY 1989
I understand that the process of joining a
Much Ado About Nothing
Publisher:
foreign community can be difficult
Takenori KIMURA
because of linguistic and cultural bar-
I have enjoyed reading your excellent
riers, but the Japanese overseas should
magazine for several years. However, I
Editorial Advisors:
work harder to participate in com-
would like to raise objections to some of
Hiroshi INOSE (University of Tokyo)
the remarks made by Dr. Akira Ha-
Yōichi KAYA (University of Tokyo)
segawa in your October issue ("Zen and
Masataka KOSAKA (Kyoto University)
the Art of Physics," p. 16).
Shōichi ROYAMA (Osaka University)
Masakazu YAMAZAKI (Osaka University)
I believe Dr. Hasegawa was wrong in
saying that "a consequence of (the)
Director
attitude of negating the self is a suppres-
Akira WATANABE
sion of original thinking," or in other
Editor In Chief
words that diminishing the ego in Zen
Kunio NISHIMURA
practice would lead to a loss of self-
Senior Editor:
Kimie ITAKURA
identity and creativity.
Editors:
Former prime minister Nakasone-
Chiaki ISHIMURA
who had a Zen advisor-was famous for
Mio MATSUSHITA
his fresh and original approach to
Motoko NAITO
government, and suffered no "supres-
Copy Editors:
sion of original thinking." I could name
Eric CHALINE
at least three other prime ministers who
Jeannie LO
confided in Zen masters. Zen also
influenced the Japanese arts. These arts
Business Manager:
munity activities. Parents should stop
may be considered stultified today, but a
Shozo KIMURA
worrying that their children will forget
truly advanced tea master, Noh actor or
Business:
their Japanese and not be able to keep
swordsman can and should be creative
Jun'ichi KIMURA
Accounting:
up with their Japanese classmates who
and original.
Sachiko KAMINO, Hiromi YOSHIKAWA
go to school six days a week. Sheltered
Furthermore, Japan's "unique social
Circulation:
children will miss out on important
structure that works well" was already
Junko HONDA, Takashi SASAKI
opportunities to understand foreign cul-
established before Zen made much of an
tures. Stubborn avoidance of social
impact, and the most creative individ-
Look Japan (ISSN 0456-5339) is
activities can only fuel erroneous stereo-
uals, such as the Zen monk Ikkyū,
published monthly by Look Japan, Ltd.,
types of the Japanese. Through interac-
deplored the system.
2-2 Kanda-Ogawamachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
101, Japan. Tel: (03) 291-8951 Fax: (03) 291-8955
tions, the Japanese can introduce their
However, I found the central state-
© 1988 Look Japan, Ltd.
native culture to foreign communities,
ment of the Prajna Paramita Heart
meet more "foreigners" and start seeing
Sutra-Form is no different from empti-
Hong Kong Office:
them as friends rather than outsiders.
ness, emptiness no different from
Look Japan International, Ltd.,
Internationalization depends on open-
form-to appeal greatly to physicists.
1626 Prince's Bldg, Chater Road, Central,
minded people who can adapt to differ-
Stating this is equivalent to saying that
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ent cultures.
plus equals minus. When I recited this to
Director: Shozo KIMURA
The children, when they return to
an American physicist who was Jewish
Japan, will have plenty of time to catch
and suspicious of Buddhism, he clapped
Singapore Office:
Look Japan Publishing Pte Ltd.
up in language and Japanese-style learn-
his hands and said, "I'll bet nobody
24 Raffles Place #25-01 Clifford Centre
ing in the many kikokushijo (returnee)
understands this except for the Bud-
Singapore 0104 Tel: 5330333 Fax: 5330111
programs designed for them. Many
dhists and the physicists!"
Director: Judy KOH
graduates of these programs go on to
It seems to me that if there is anything
prestigious Japanese universities. The
wrong with today's Japanese, it is not
Design and Production:
returnees can help transmit foreign
that they adhere too closely to the
Octogram Design Pte Ltd, Singapore
cultures to their peers in Japan, encour-
principles of Zen, but that they don't
Printer:
aging the new forms of culture, alluded
know enough about them.
Times Printers Sdn Bhd, Singapore
to in "Japan's Choices," to evolve.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
I understand that joining activities
John Toler
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
can be difficult because of shyness, busy
Shōgen In
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
schedules, or other factors. But partici-
Nara Prefecture, Japan
publishers.
pation can be rewarding for the Japan-
EDITOR'S NOTE: LOOK JAPAN welcomes
ese, the Japanese companies, the local
All dollar conversions in this issue are based on the Tokyo
letters to the editor. Responses and com-
foreign exchange market rate at the close of trading on
communities and in the long run, for
ments regarding specific articles and issues
November 9, 1988 (US$1 = 124.73).
Japan.
discussed in LOOK JAPAN are most desir-
I hope that these thoughts written by a
All names in LOOK JAPAN are in Western order, with family name
able. Letters may be edited for reasons of
last, with the exception of historical figures.
returnee who grew up and attended
clarity or space.
2
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
JAPANESE PERSPECTIVE: Iran-Iraq Cease-Fire
A Peace Without Victory
OPINION
The Iran-Iraq war has left the Middle
people knew no foreign masters until, in
subsequent Teheran massacres and
East with many problems. In this article,
modern times, they virtually ceded their
struggles between the clergy and the
Tomoo Takahara compares the Japanese
northern territories to the Soviet Union
Iranian left closely resemble the violent
and Iranian experiences of war, and sees
and their southern territories to Britain.
struggles between Imperial supporters
what Japan can do to help the two
After World War II, the country became
and the defenders of the Shogunate
countries rebuild their shattered econo-
a client state of the U.S. When Prime
immediately before the Restoration.
mies.
Minister Mosadek decided to free his
The ideology consolidated Iran's inde-
pendence and gradually transformed
TOMOO TAKAHARA is currently
itself into a call for worldwide revolu-
president of the Tokyo-based Century
tion. The politicians who had success-
Research Center. After graduating
fully led the revolution did not realize
from the National Defense Academy,
he resumed his studies after the war
that isolation from world politics would
at the University of Tokyo. In 1976, he
make it difficult for them to wage war. It
joined C. Itoh & Co., Ltd. where he
is clear that acts of reckless folly such as
served as executive director and
the ordering of human charges through
general manager in charge of Middle
minefields, which wasted the lives of
Eastern affairs. He was born in 1925.
hundreds of young soldiers, led the
country to its doom. This closely resem-
P
EACE will not come easily to the
bles Japan's experience in the early
Middle East. Even after the signing
Shōwa years, when the country gradual-
of the cease-fire agreement between Iran
ly isolated itself from the rest of the
and Iraq, there is always the danger of
world, deluded itself with notions of
renewed conflict between Israel and the
"spiritual superiority" and fell behind in
Arab states. The recent announcement
terms of military technology.
of the cease-fire between the belligerents
led me to reflect on the similarities
AN END TO WAR I believe that Japan is
between Iran and Japan, and about
qualified to give assistance and advice to
Japan's role in the reconstruction of
both Iran and Iraq as it experienced
both countries.
foreign occupation, the return of sol-
"I feel almost as though I shall explode
diers and displaced civilians, postwar
with anguish,
We will have to bear
food shortages, unemployment and in-
the unbearable
" During his broad-
flation; and turned all these difficulties
cast to the nation on August 15 1945,
into the prosperity that the country
Emperor Hirohito used these words to
enjoys today. Perhaps the first task for
urge his 100 million subjects to accept
both countries is to maintain social
defeat. The Japanese were able to admit
order and restore their basic infrastruc-
the idea of surrender because it came to
tures as a means of improving the
them from the lips of their all-too-
employment situation. Just as postwar
human god.
Japan turned coal production into a
"This is more painful than taking
From Revolution to Reconstruction
lever for recovery, these two oil produc-
poison," echoed the Ayatollah Khomei-
ers should begin with the revitalization
ni 43 years later, when he asked his 45
country by nationalizing the Anglo-
of their oil industries. As a non exporter
million followers to lay down their arms.
Iranian Company 37 years ago, his plan
of arms, I believe Japan is entitled to
A significant analogy can be drawn
was stymied by a reactionary coup led by
seek an active role in Iraq and Iran's
between the cultures of prewar Japan
Shah Pahlevi with American backing.
reconstruction, but it must keep in mind
and Iran-between Shintoism and Is-
The Pahlevi regime survived for over 20
the participation of the NIEs and other
lam; between prewar Japan's "Hakko
years without popular support, with the
developing countries. Japan's contribu-
ichiu" ideology, which justified its ex-
aid of the hated Sabak (the Iranian
tion should be in the area of high-
pansionism and the diffusion of Iran's
secret police).
technology. Gone are the days when the
Islamic fundamentalism (the export of
The ideology that grew out of Kho-
"North" could impose a monopoly of
revolution); between martyrdom for
meini's revolution linked nationalism to
projects in the "South."
nationalism and for Islam; and their
Islamic fundamentalism. It declared
In 1945, Japan was faced with similar
common reverent obedience to a su-
modern civilization to be decadent and
postwar problems and opened a new
preme leader. Despite the differences
America to be the "devil." In a similar
page in its history. Japan will not be
and the time lag of four decades, there
vein, the chauvinistic view that Japan
sending soldiers to join the U.N. peace-
remains much that is common to both
was the "Land of the Gods" was
keeping force; its involvement will
peoples in their way of thinking and
promoted to unite the nation on the eve
center on the economic reconstruction
behavior.
of the Meiji Restoration.
of the region. Japan's role in the
Khomeini took advantage of the Iraqi
reconstruction of Iran and Iraq marks
FUNDAMENTALLY WRONG After Alexan-
attack to strengthen Iranian nationalism
another turning point in the field of
der the Great's invasion, the Iranian
and to get rid of his opponents. The
international politics and economics.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
3
URBAN LIFESTYLES: The "Miracle City"
COVER STORY
The Spice of Life
Quality, not quantity, is what the largest
the title of Japan's "cultural capital."
T
OKYO is the largest city in the
POPULATION BY AREA
city on earth needs to become worthy of
history of mankind. 30 million
people-approximately one quar-
This month, our cover story introduces
ter of Japan's population-now live in
Tokyo and its inhabitants, and the
the shutoken (greater Tokyo area). Yet
changes that are rapidly transforming
this multitude is able to live and work
every aspect of their daily lives.
together, and maintain some of the
world's highest standards of safety and
TOKYO
OSAMU KATAYAMA is a free-
23.0%
sanitation. Admittedly, the city is pla-
lance journalist and writer on econo-
gued by housing shortages and perpetual
mic and political issues. He has
traffic jams, but it has managed to avoid
published a series of books about the
120
strategies of top Japanese compan-
the crime, disease and drug problems
OTHER
Million
TOYO YAMAMOTO
that have brought about the decline of so
AREAS
ies, including JAL, IBM Japan, Nomura
OSAKA
Securities, NTT and Honda Motors.
many other major urban centers.
57.3%
13.0%
Active in the production side of
The statistics speak for themselves: Of
publishing, the author runs his own
the 605 crimes that are committed daily
business, K-Office, an editorial production company.
within the city limits, approximately
He was born in 1940.
315 are solved. The national detection
rate is high at 64.2%. This
gives some idea of how safe
Tokyo is. As for pollution,
NAGOYA
6.7%
the city only receives 84
complaints a day. Psycho-
logically, the inhabitants of
Note: The figures for Osaka, Tokyo and Nagoya
include all areas within a 50km radius of
the capital are fairly stable.
the city centers.
The Japanese divorce rate is
Source: The Ministry of Home Affairs
1%, which works out to
about 50 couples a day for
Tokyo proper, well below
museum's exhibits will include replicas
the rates for other advanced
of Edo-period samurai houses and na-
nations. Tokyo has no
gaya (tenement houses). These relics of
crime-ridden ghettos and
the pre-industrial age were swept away
women can walk through
by the tide of modernization that has
the streets at night without
transformed the city over the past 40
the fear of being molested-
years.
a miracle in the light of the
There are probably as many different
safety problems of other
opinions about Tokyo as there are
major cities.
individuals in the city, but three have
prevailed. The first, put forward by the
MIRACLE CITY Lately the
French journalist Robert Gillan, sees
Japanese have begun to
Tokyo as nothing more than a totally
show an interest in their
formless collection of disparate vil-
"miracle city," and "Tokyo
lages-the embodiment of urban chaos.
theories" abound. Several
The French cultural anthropologist
books on Edo (the city's old
Claude Lévi-Strauss represents the
name) and its links with
second school of thought about the city.
modern Tokyo are already
He cites it as the prime example of the
in the shops, as is the new
nonwestern city, overflowing with ener-
monthly magazine, Tokyo-
gy and exciting because of the confusion
jin, Tokyo's version of The
that reigns there. I myself favor the third
New Yorker. Continuity and
view advocated by the architectural
change are the themes of the
critic, Hidenobu Jinnai. He sees an
KYODO
new Tokyo-Edo Museum
underlying framework of order beneath
that will open its doors to
the chaotic surface. He says, "Tokyo's
24-Hour Business Center: The Ark Hills Complex
the public in 1992. The
flexible structure has allowed it to adapt
4
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
to the changing needs of the times.
Industrialization transformed Tokyo
from a city of waterways to one domin-
ated by rail and road."
PHOENIX RISING Tokyo has known wide-
spread destruction three times in the
past 120 years. After the Meiji Restora-
tion, the samurai who overthrew the
Shogunate deserted the capital to return
to their home provinces. Some of their
number went as far as to suggest that the
city be turned into a mulberry field.
Rescued from this ignominy by the
government's adoption of the city as its
new capital, the city was struck 55 years
later by an earthquake of a magnitude of
8.2. Tokyo burned for three days and
nights, over 100,000 people lost their
lives and 70% of the city's housing stock
ISAMU IIDA
was destroyed. A generation later, a
Windsurfing Amid the Skyscrapers
manmade calamity-war-reduced the
city to ashes and halved its population to
The beef section of the average
says Kengo Motomura, the marketing
3.5 million. In spite of repeated destruc-
supermarket will contain meat packaged
director of Pia, Tokyo's listings' maga-
tion, Tokyo has recovered, phoenix-like,
and labeled for steak, stew, curry and
zine, which has a circulation of 600,000.
to become the largest city on earth in
stroganoff. The vegetable section is not
"In 1979, we compared our listings with
under 40 years. I believe that the city's
to be outdone for variety and offers
those of Que (New York's listings'
remarkable ability to constantly renew
rarities such as chicory, celeriak, leeks,
magazine), and they were far ahead of
itself is one of the reasons behind the
trebise and horseradish, all flown in
us. This turned around in 1982. As the
recent "Tokyo Boom."
from Europe.
population began to increase, the num-
What is it about Tokyo that continues
When it comes to restaurants, the
ber of cultural activities in the city
to draw people toward it? Masakazu
Tokyo diner can choose from Mediter-
skyrocketed. Now there are far more
Yamazaki's answer to this puzzle is
ranean, Mexican, Thai, Vietnamese,
listings in Pia." Looking at the edition
Japan's cultural pluralism: "Japanese
Indonesian, Kenyan, Israeli-the list is
for September 30 to October 16, Tokyo
culture is pluralistic so the cities that
endless-and every week a new ethnic
residents could choose from among 438
host cultural activities-and in particu-
eatery opens its doors to customers eager
movies, 414 plays, 614 concerts and 501
lar Tokyo, which is the nation's cultural
for novelty.
art exhibitions. This gives some idea of
focal point-have had to become huge."
"A little while ago," relates a young
the range of cultural alternatives de-
The Japanese demand more cultural and
fashion designer, "I was walking through
manded by the Japanese.
lifestyle choices than any other people in
Aoyama (a fashionable district of the
Every activity-from ballet to cordon
the world. Food is a good example. The
capital) and I saw a bright red truck
bleu cookery-has its minimum re-
Japanese have their traditional cooking,
parked by the sidewalk. I went to
quirement in terms of population. For
but they also eat French, Italian, Ger-
investigate and found that it
man and Chinese food on a regular
was a Filipino food stand
BUSINESS CONCENTRATION IN TOKYO
basis; several ethnic dishes also feature
called "Bario Festa." It was
as part of their everyday fare. Ask any
crowded with salarymen who
(%)
Japanese child what his favorite foods
had stopped on their way
are and his answer will invariably be
home from work and were
1986
"hamburger steak, spaghetti and curry."
86.8
sitting around a sake keg that
1985
In other words, the Japanese family
served as a makeshift table. I
78.8
'86:
commonly eats German (hamburger
enjoyed the Filipino-style
62.5
(1) Wholesale Transactions
86
steak), Italian (spaghetti) and Indian
chow mein and now I'm a
1969
57.5 86:
(2) Foreign Enterprises
(curry) dishes, in addition to Chinese
regular."
66.9
54.0
(3) Outstanding Bank Loans
72
favorites, which are a mainstay of the
70:
58.1
(4) Employees of Information-
69
'85:
Japanese family diet.
Related Businesses
DRAMATIS PERSONAE Varie-
53.2
52.5
70:
41.5
ty extends to the theater
(5) Commercial Paper Dealing
47.6
which offers everything from
70
(6) Foreign Bank Employees
traditional Japanese Noh
38.9
and Kabuki to western opera
and avant-garde drama.
"There are no exact figures,
but there must be between
(6)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(1)
150 and 160 theaters in
Tokyo. Every available spot
is being converted into a
performance space-the To-
kyo Dome, warehouses on
ISAMU IIDA
the waterfront, and Buddhist
temples. That's how active
Growing Up in Roppongi
the theater is in this city,"
Source: The National Land Agency
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
5
THE SPICE OF LIFE
Japan, and the cultural alternatives in
Located a short walk from Okubo
these new areas must match those
station is the International Student
example, for a city to maintain an opera
available in Tokyo."
Institute, one of the landmarks of the
it is estimated that about 100,000 people
"ethnic triangle." The building contains
are needed. Tokyo's population is large
MONEY TALKS Special mention should be
a dormitory for foreign students and
enough to accommodate the widest
made of two new trends which are
facilities for Japanese language instruc-
range of cultural tastes, and it is possible
beginning to transform the city. The first
tion. The garbage collection site nearby
to enjoy Indian music, Nepalese fash-
is internationalization, and the second is
gives information about collection dates
ions, Vietnamese cooking and Mongo-
the growing availability of 24-hour
and how to sort garbage in both English
lian interior design. "In order to have
services. Tokyo has traditionally not
and Chinese. On the way to the institute
the number of people required for these
been an international city, but that is
is "Hi Lac Nam," a Vietnamese restaur-
kinds of minority cultural interests to
changing quickly. One of the causes of
ant that has become a popular hangout
thrive, there must be a particularly large
internationalization is Japan's new role
for Asian students.
concentration of people," Yamazaki
as the world's largest creditor nation.
In order to deal with the rapidly
explains. "The reason Tokyo has be-
Japanese funds lent overseas reached an
growing number of foreign residents in
come one of the world's largest cities,
astounding 27.9 trillion ($22.4 billion)
Tokyo, the city's leaders established a
with a population of 30 million people,
in 1986 and the figure is still growing.
Foreign Resident Liaison Office in July
is that the Japanese demand so many
Money talks. When Tokyo joined Lon-
1988. In the first three months the office
cultural alternatives. A large number of
don and New York as the world's third
handled 380 separate calls, the greater
options in daily life makes the average
financial center, information and people
part of which were requests for assis-
Japanese feel rich and gives him a
flowed in from all over the world and
tance to find cheap accommodation.
feeling of freedom."
foreign financial institutions rushed to
A student from Taiwan studying
Tokyo in search of funds and to do
Japanese in Tokyo at his own expense
SIZE PROBLEM Recently, the size of
business with the Japanese.
says, "In Japan, whether you're trying to
Tokyo has become a cause for concern,
The number of foreign travelers to
get a part-time job or rent an apartment,
and many policies that are aimed at
Japan is also on the increase. In 1987,
you have to find a Japanese guarantor. Do
correcting this problem are now being
Japan hosted 2.15 million visitors,
you know how hard that is? On the other
debated. However, if the city's size is
compared to 1.97 million in 1983. The
hand, a few days ago I went to see the Bol-
seen as the outcome of a demand for
citizens of other Asian countries are
shoi Ballet perform at the Tokyo Metro-
diversity, it is clear that solving the
particularly enthusiastic visitors to To-
politan Festival Hall. Taiwan doesn't
problem will involve more than just
kyo, and in the last ten years they have
allow anything in from the communist
tearing Tokyo down and dividing it up
overtaken North Americans as the lar-
bloc so I was really glad I could see it."
between outlying areas.
gest group of tourists visiting Japan. In
Tokyo is not, as is sometimes thought,
1987, they accounted for 49% (1.05 mil-
GOLF BY MOONLIGHT Not only is Tokyo
lion) of all visitors. And they
internationalizing, it is also becoming a
came in spite of the unusual-
24-hour city. The financial market is
ly high value of the yen.
already trading at all hours of the day,
Tokyo has a resident po-
and the system is beginning to spread to
pulation of 185,000 fo-
the lives of ordinary people. First to
reigners, 87% of whom are
follow the trend is the 24-hour conve-
living in the 23 wards that
nience store. Seven-Eleven, Japan's lar-
form the city's center.
gest chain, explains, "We currently have
16,744 foreign nationals
3,500 stores nationwide, 80% of which
were registered in the Shin-
are opened 24 hours. Most of our
juku ward as of September
customers are in their late teens and
1988; of these 7,700 were
twenties. They generally come in be-
Chinese and 6,428 were
tween 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. The next most
Koreans. The total number
of foreign residents in the
ward is growing at a rate of
about 2,000 each year, while
KYODO
the Japanese population of
the area declined by 10,000
The City Never Sleeps
in 1987.
a product of the centralized nature of
ETHNIC TRIANGLE Shinjuku's Asian po-
the Japanese state. Relocating central
pulation has grown so rapidly that a part
government offices in the provinces, or
of the ward has been described as
moving the capital itself would have
Tokyo's "ethnic triangle," an area that
SUBWAY
little significance. The mere division of
can be located by drawing imaginary
power, designed to promote even devel-
lines linking Shinjuku, Ōkubo and Shin-
opment across the country, or the crea-
Okubo stations. On the platform of
tion of "garden cities," would probably
Okubo station there is a large English
have the opposite effect to the one
sign advertising the "Okubo Transit
intended.
Hostel and Dormitory," which offers
Yamazaki continues, "There is only
dormitory-style accommodations for
one solution to reducing the city's
¥1,500 ($12) a night, with private
overcrowding that has any chance of
rooms going for ¥2,600 ($21). Their
success. Comparable concentrations of
target is clearly foreign students from
population have to be created all over
Asian countries.
Tokyo After Dark:
6
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
popular time is 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. The
POPULATION DENSITY BY REGION
hardest part of running a 24-hour
service is inventory control. Customers
who come to our stores at 2 a.m. expect
to find the same sandwiches and lunch
boxes that are available during the day.
We can't afford to be out of anything, no
NATIONAL
AVERAGE
matter what time it is. Fast foods, in
326
particular, have to be delivered three
NAGOYA
times a day-morning, noon and night."
1,113
24-hour car rental is common in the
U.S., but it only came to Tokyo in 1987.
OSAKA
Source: The Ministry of Home Affairs
"In Japan, the most likely users come
2,126
from Shinjuku, Roppongi and other
night spots rather than the airport," a
rep from Nippon Rent-a-Car says. In
TOKYO
Hachiōji City, a Tokyo suburb, there is
3,646
(per 1 km²)
now a floodlit golf course that stays open
until midnight. "It's not so crowded as
role in the lives of citizens. The police
in the daytime and you don't have to
have not lost the people's respect and
worry about getting sunburnt," one of
trust, and the local police box is still
the patrons, a trading company emplo-
somewhere to go for help.
yee, says. More 24-hour services mean
Tokyo is not only the political and
more "moonlighters," the name given to
economic center of the country, but also
night-shift workers.
its window on western culture, with all
the glamor that entails. The home of the
ISAMU IIDA
CLEAN AND SAFE How is Tokyo, the
media, publishers and universities, the
Asian Students: Will Tokyo Ever Be Home?
largest city on earth, able to maintain
city has a cultural authority that provin-
such high levels of safety and sanitation?
cials respect. In Tokyo you are careful
"Rather than being fashionable per
The answer is not a simple one. The first
about what you wear and try to live up to
se," says a college student, "many
reason must be Japan's economic suc-
the "Tokyo-style." The capital's influ-
theater people live in the neighborhood
cess. Although the economy was de-
ence is so strong that when provincials
and that gives it the atmosphere of
pressed after the Oil Shocks, it never
come to Tokyo, they quickly become
cultural activity I like." The appearance
went into recession. This has meant a
integrated, reinforcing existing codes of
of this kind of area means that Tokyo is
steady flow of investment into urban
behavior. Tokyo is not just a place to
on the road to becoming a thriving
renewal. Japan's low unemployment
work. People are drawn to the city
cultural center. The future should see
rate of 2.6% (August 1988), compared to
because they want to enrich their lives.
the growth of many more such places,
5.5% in the U.S., 8% in Canada and
However, if high population densities,
fostering not just theater, but cinema,
Great Britain, 8.8% in West Germany
internationalization and 24-hour ser-
music, fashion and art.
and 10.4% in France, is a major factor in
vices are here to stay, a way must be
Pia's Motomura says, "It's not enough
the low Japanese crime rate. Another
found to expand Tokyo's function as the
for Tokyo to have a large number of
factor may be the "late-developer ef-
disseminator of cultural information.
cultural events. There is a big quality
fect." This has been an unexpected plus
Tokyo has become the most populous
difference between what goes on Broad-
for Tokyo's safety and sanitation. The
city on earth to support its cultural
way and on the Tokyo drama scene. We
city has traditionally been a closed
diversity. The next thing we have to
have to match quality as well as
society where mutual assistance and
consider is how to enhance the quality of
quantity." It will probably take some
monitoring have played an important
its cultural activities.
time before the cultural activities listed
in Pia have the same sort of worldwide
RUG
ALL THAT JAZZ In recent years, several
impact as those in New York's Que, but
districts devoted to culture have begun
in the world of fashion, Tokyo has
to appear. One such area is Shimo-
already produced such names as Issey
Kitazawa in Setagaya-ku, which grew
Miyake and Kenzō Takada, and in this
around the theater founded by Kazuo
field at least, it is transmitting culture to
Honda. Harumi Katō, who publishes Shi-
the rest of the world.
mo-Kitazawa Information, says: "There
"A city is not just a place to live and
has always been a high proportion of
work in." Says Professor Yamazaki, "It
students in the area, so there are lots of
is a unique information-producing 'fac-
jazz kissa (coffee bars catering to jazz
tory." Until now, Tokyo has absorbed
lovers). It was basically a hangout
and stored cultural information from
for musicians. Then in 1968, Honda
other countries. The convergence and
built a small theater called 'Suzunari'
interaction of these different cultures
that attracted a number of other drama
will transform Tokyo into a cultural
groups to the area. In 1981, a new
'creator' in its own right. The city is now
Honda Theater was built right in front of
faced with an experiment designed to
the station, completely changing the
test the full potential of urban living
neighborhood's image." Shimo-Ki-
while maintaining the high quality of life
tazawa is only one kilometer in diame-
ISAMU IIDA
of its growing population. Tokyo must
ter, but in its heyday, it was the home of
come out of its economic and industrial
five theaters, one studio, and eight
shell and become a cultural resource for
Where the Late Night Shopper Need Not Beware
drama companies.
the entire world.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
7
TALKING ABOUT TOMORROW: Paul Kennedy and Takashi Inoguchi
OPINION
The Stream of History
This month we feature a dialogue between
sage of the book or foreshortened its
ment of the Old World. This is, after all,
Professor Paul Kennedy, the author of
time scale. It deals with what might
a central part of American political
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers,
happen early in the 21st century if
culture-the founding fathers left
and Professor Takashi Inoguchi of the
certain deleterious trends in American
Europe to get away from the pattern of
University of Tokyo. In a free exchange,
competitiveness were to continue un-
great power politics. This almost reli-
they discuss the controversy surrounding
checked. There already exists a growing
gious belief in American "superiority"
Professor Kennedy's book, American
sense of unease in America about the
has been fortified by America's undenia-
political culture and the future of the
way the country is going-concerns
ble economic success over the past
Pacific region.
about the penetration of imported man-
century. Therefore, the reaction of
America's "emotional conservatives" is
Inoguchi: Professor Kennedy, your
that the book is not welcome and wrong
book, The Rise and Fall of the Great
because it does not recognize the special
Powers, has elicited very strong reac-
nature of the American character and
tions in the United States. This must
the great strengths of the American
have something to do with the way
system. This is particularly true of right-
Americans perceive their history as one
wing Republicans who feel that the
of uninterrupted progress. They find it
Reagan agenda has been watered down.
very difficult to accept your contention
When the book came out in January
that decline may be inevitable. You say
1988-and quite by chance in the
that certain basic policy changes have to
American presidential election year-
be made in order to halt decline.
the leader in the pro-Republican New
Professor Joseph Nye of Harvard Uni-
Republic said, "It's no longer morning in
versity and others disagree with you;
America (quoted from an ex-president
America, they say, is a new creature,
Reagan speech), it's late afternoon and
liberated from the bad habits of Old
it's heading towards dusk, and there is
World. What is your response to these
much to be done if America is to be
critics? And how do you place the con-
saved." The magazine was one of many
troversy in the context of the American
that urged that the implications of the
presidential election last November?
book be seriously discussed during the
PAUL KENNEDY is the Dilworth Professor of
campaign. But if you think about it from
Kennedy: I think that many of these
History at Yale University. He was educated at the
a tactical point of view, George Bush
reactions either misinterpreted the mes-
universities of Newcastle, Oxford and Bonn. A former
had to deny the very validity of the
research assistant to Sir Basil Liddell Hart, he is a
question of America in relative decline.
prolific writer and has published or edited ten books
His campaign did not want to debate the
on a wide range of historical themes.
Some political circles in the
cost of "standing tall" and its effect on
the American economy.
U.S. were ready to receive a
ufactured goods, a loss of edge in high-
I read the Republican reaction as
book about longer term
technology, the stockmarket crash, the
affecting the attitude of the Democratic
federal deficit, and the international
campaign. During the run up to the
patterns, which places the
debt crisis. Therefore, underneath what
election, Professor Nye wrote five or six
American experience in the
is admittedly a continuing economic
different refutations of the "Kennedy
boom, there are anxieties about the
stream of history. However,
Theory." With the success of the Bush
longer term future of the economy and
counteroffensive-the Pledge of Alle-
the second response came
deeper social structures. The book only
giance, "standing tall" and criticism of
from the many Americans
serves to give a historical perspective to
Dukakis on defense-the Democrats
issues that many people have already
were worried that they were going to end
who think of themselves as
written about.
up in a corner like Mondale and Carter.
"special," different and in
Some political circles in the U.S. were
Republicans look after America's inter-
ready to receive a book about longer
some way outside the
ests abroad and Democrats neglect
term patterns, which places the Ameri-
them. So, having the Democratic cam-
historical development of the
can experience in the stream of history.
paign associated with the dreadful "d-
Old World. - Paul Kennedy
However, the second response came
word" of decline would have been
from the many Americans who think of
tactically fatal. Democrats expressed
themselves as "special," different and in
their disagreement, partly because of
some way outside the historical develop-
tactical considerations but also for two
8
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
other reasons. First, they argued that
very moral stance. To give you an
is not unique in this. Two historical
America is not facing long-term decline,
example, they claim that Japan has been
precedents are the French under the Sun
but is afflicted by short-term folly. The
transformed by the benevolence of the
King, who justified aggression by a
federal deficits, they claimed, were
United States, which has provided all
belief in their "civilizing mission," and
induced by the Reagan policies of 1980-
kinds of "international public goods":
the Victorian Britons who were con-
82. The second reason is that it is
free trade, access to the U.S. market, a
vinced that they were an advanced civi-
psychologically difficult for many Amer-
global monetary system and interna-
lization bringing light and goodness into
icans, whatever their political affili-
tional security. How do you see the
the world. This kind of ideological rhe-
ation, to accept the idea that their
differences in the perceptions of defense
toric has already been used in the U.S.
country might not be special.
burden-sharing between the U.S. and
Japan? And how will this change in the
Inoguchi: Norman Mailer said that
1990s?
Jessie Jackson's program was the most
American politics tend to
structurally drastic and the only one
Kennedy: It is true that American foreign
moralize matters a little too
that could tackle America's problems.
policy exhibits an idealism mingled with
Unfortunately, the nature of American
realism. The idealist position, usually
much, and particularly when
politics tends to bring the party nomi-
expressed by politicians visiting Tokyo
it comes to the area of our
nees to a common middle ground. Both
or Berlin, is that since 1945, the U.S. has
Bush and Dukakis's positions became
relationship which affects us
performed a munificent role; it has been
increasingly vague, which was frustrat-
the leader of the free world, has offered a
most-defense. I can
ing for external observers who see that
strategic military umbrella for smaller
understand that "imperial
the structural problems in the U.S.
nations under threat and ensured that
require urgent attention. What was
there has been an open-market system.
overstretch" may accelerate
Jessie Jackson's role in this election?
America has done all this because it had
national decline, but when
Kennedy: Jackson's role was a compli-
defense spending comes up in
cating one. He represented a group
Congress, debaters take a
which was excluded and hurt by the
very moral stance.
Reagan policies. He highlighted the
distinction between the structural eco-
— Takashi Inoguchi
nomic changes needed to make the
economy more competitive and what he
was more concerned about-structural
to counter the internal worries about
social change to help the underprivi-
imperial overstretch. The argument that
leged. A strict economist might agree
there is no alternative has always been
that reforming the economy is necessary
used by the number-one power when
to make it more competitive but he
describing its benevolent role. I think
might oppose any social change that
there is a certain amount of truth in this
would involve higher taxes and social
argument but we must recognize the
spending. Jackson complicated the issue
double consciousness of it. In the 1930s,
of competitiveness, because he had a
Churchill sincerely held the belief that
package of policies that were not con-
TAKASHI INOGUCHI is professor of political
Britain was the only power capable of
cerned with competing with Japan but
science at the University of Tokyo. After obtaining his
keeping the many racial and religious
addressed the needs of the lower income
B.A. and M.A. from the University of Tokyo, he
tensions in India under control and that
groups in the U.S. Bush also had policies
completed his Ph.D. at M.I.T. in 1974. He assumed his
if Britain pulled out there would be a
for structural change, for improving
current post in 1988. He has published or edited 11
technical education and increasing
books on Japanese politics, foreign relations and
bloodbath. We can now recognize that
political theory. His latest work is The Political
he had an emotional, and as time went
R&D, but he was knocked off track by
Economy of Japan: The Changing International
on, an increasingly unrealistic view of
the Republican counter-attack and focus
Context.
the Raj. But when the British left, there
on "the Pledge" and "the Flag"-what
were very bloody clashes and millions
foreign observers would regard as insub-
lost their lives. There is something to the
stantial, symbolic politics. The nature of
a set of ideals about an open world order
American claim that a precipitous pull-
the presidential debate is to put the
patterned upon American society and
out of East Asia might be followed by
candidates into an identical pattern of
based on idealized democratic princi-
local disturbances, so we have to admit
rhetoric with references to such myths as
ples. More cynical historians and ob-
that both realist and the idealist argu-
"the American Dream," "the American
servers see a strong realpolitik in global
ments can be valid at the same time.
Family" and "the Flag."
U.S. strategy. They claim that this order
had to be created to ensure that big
Inoguchi: To shift the discussion to the
Inoguchi: To continue on the theme of
business was given a world market and
future of the Pacific region, you say that
politics: Japanese political pragmatism
that this had to be kept open by military
a concert will emerge among the four
often shocks many Europeans and
force. The operations of the U.S. in
great powers in the area. How do you
Americans. But from our perspective
Saudi Arabia, Latin America and the
envision this? Can you compare it to the
American politics tend to moralize
Far East tend to point to a very
19th-century "Concert of Europe"?
matters a little too much, and particular-
pragmatic, and sometimes brutal policy
ly when it comes to the area of our
for the purpose of maintaining stability
Kennedy: I am not forecasting its ap-
relationship which affects us most-
and keeping markets open. Hence, the
pearance. I am suggesting that if the cold
defense. I can understand that "imperial
distinction that Jean Kirkpatrick has
war structures built during the late
overstretch" may accelerate national
made between right-wing "authoritar-
1940s and 50s are indeed changing,
decline, but when defense spending
ian" regimes and left-wing "totalitar-
either because the two superpowers have
comes up in Congress, debaters take a
ian" regimes. My feeling is that America
lost their relative lead, or as Doonesbury
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
9
THE STREAM OF HISTORY
would say, because "The cold war is
over," then the nature of confrontation-
al politics has changed. We have to ask
ourselves what the security structure
could be in a part of the world as unusual
as East Asia; unusual, for the presence of
two declining superpowers-the U.S.
and the Soviet Union-and two swiftly
emerging superpowers-Japan and
China.
The result may be an anarchic, Bis-
marckian type of diplomacy, given that
the superpowers have special relation-
ships with smaller nations in the area-
with or against Taiwan, with North or
South Korea. My apprehension would
be that without even an informal
security structure there is a danger of the
1914 scenario, when a localized crisis
PANA
that involves a client state-the Serbia
Can He Swim Against the Stream of History?
of the Far East-leads the great powers
to take sides. All four superpowers have
forces. It would be ironic if there were
framework, it would curtail the possi-
an interest in keeping the peace and
troop reductions in Europe and build-
bility of unilateral Japanese action and
concentrating on internal reform. Each
ups in the Far East. Therefore, another
reassure the other powers. From the
country has a need for its own brand of
possibility is to begin talks about multi-
Japanese point of view, some form of
perestroika, Russian-, Chinese-, Japan-
lateral arms reductions in East Asia.
informal security arrangement and con-
ese-, and American-style. But what
sultation would be better than being
would happen if there were a drastic
Inoguchi: The mainstream of the Japan-
paralyzed by anxiety, saying, we are
change of regime in either China or
ese defense establishment does not like
satisfied with the present situation but
Russia, or a serious fiscal breakdown in
the suggestion of a concert. They accept
we are worried about change.
the U.S. leading to a dramatic pulling
the idea of bilateral talks, but they do
back of American forces in Asia?
not favor a four-power consultative
BY ERIC CHALINE
I'm not predicting that a framework
mechanism. How do you think the
will emerge among the great powers, but
Japanese government envisions its fu-
LOOK AT JAPAN SEMINAR The
I am suggesting that we could start
ture role in East Asia?
Shukan Post held a seminar on world
thinking of the minimum security ar-
economics in the 1990s entitled "LOOK
rangements in a part of the globe with
Kennedy: I don't know, but I have a
AT JAPAN IN THE WORLD: When
many potential flashpoints. I would like
feeling they don't want to rock the boat.
Japan Leads the World Economy,"
the following idea to be considered: An
Yet there must be some awareness
together with Economics Today and
annual consultation, even at a low level,
among Japanese defense planners about
Dime (also published by Shogakukan) on
among the Russians, Americans, Chin-
the possibility of an American pullout
September 23 and 30 to commemorate
ese and Japanese to discuss general
from East Asia, or of war on the Korean
its 20th anniversary. The speakers on
issues or more specific problems. After
Peninsula. So my response to those
the first day were Paul Kennedy and
some time these meetings could become
officials who don't want to get involved
Takashi Inoguchi. Zhigniew Brzezinski
a little more institutionalized. There is a
is that a concert might serve to ease a
and Iwao Nakatani lectured on the
second element to be considered; there
number of Japan's apprehensions. Many
second day. We will be carrying excerpts
are demographic pressures on the
countries in the region are suspicious of
from Zhigniew Brzezinski's lecture in
NATO and Warsaw Pact armies which
growing Japanese power SO if Japan were
our February issue.
may lead to reductions of conventional
to be included in a loose consultative
The 1988 Honda Prize
The Honda Foundation. The creation of
Foundation instituted the Honda Prize
Paolo Maria Fasella, Director General
a humane society is the challenge
in 1980. The prize is awarded annually
of the Directorate General XII for
facing mankind. In order to solve the
to an individual or organization, regard-
Research, Science and Development
problems of modern civilization a
less of nationality, for a distinguished
and the Joint Research Center, Commis-
completely new approach is required.
contribution in the field of "eco-techno-
sion of the European Communities, for
The Honda Foundation advocates "eco-
logy." The prize includes a donation of
his contribution to the field of life
technology," a new concept of techno-
¥10 million ($80,000).
science and its applied areas; and also in
logy which does not pursue efficiency
The former laureates include John F.
recognition of his extensive interna-
and profits alone but is geared toward
Coales (1982), Professor Emeritus, Uni-
tional activities that have contributed to
harmony with the natural environment.
versity of Cambridge, Carl E. Sagan of
the advancement of science in harmony
Cornell University (1985) and Jun-ichi
with its social and natural environment.
The Honda Prize. To establish and
Nishizawa, Tohoku University (1986).
The presentation ceremony was held
diffuse this concept of "eco-technology"
in Tokyo on November 17. We will be
which aims at the harmonization of
1988 Honda Laureate. This year the
carrying an interview with Professor
Source: The Honda Foundation
ecology and technology, the Honda
prize has been awarded to Pofessor
Fasella in a forthcoming issue.
10
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
DISCUSSION: Japan's International Contribution
Towards the Unknown
SCI-TECH
Japanese Science and Tech-
nology-past, present and
future-is the theme of this
discussion between Michio
Okamoto and Isamu Yama-
shita.
Okamoto: As I see it, civili-
zation has been sustained by
the advancement of science
and technology, and both
are in the process of becom-
ing more universal and in-
ternational.
Yamashita: Let's limit the
scope of this discussion to
science and technology in
Japan. Most scientific know-
ledge came to Japan from
the West. It is true that
AKIRA NARITA
Japan's industrial techno-
Galileo, Kepler, Copernicus and Newton: Studying the Universe-God's Second Bible
logy now leads the world but
its science remains backward. Japan lacks
In 1868, the country resumed foreign
fresh look at science and technology.
the historical background in science. In
contact and the Japanese took their first
The Japanese went to the U.S. and other
antiquity, foreign culture and technology
steps into an unknown world. Science
advanced countries to study new indus-
spread to Japan either directly from the
education in Japan started with classes
trial technologies and their related pro-
Eurasian continent or indirectly via the
given by foreign teachers, and techno-
duction processes. The demand for
Korean peninsula. Throughout its his-
logy transfers from Europe and Ameri-
technology in the postwar reconstruc-
tory, Japan has been an importer of
ca. From these humble beginnings,
tion period was so great because there
technologies. I don't think that the
was a pressing need to raise the living
Japanese can lay claim to any original
standards of the people. But interest in
technological developments. Foreign
science was limited to its role in
technologies such as ceramics and porce-
Japan lacks the historical
reconstructing the economy, and there
lain, which came from Korea and China,
was little enthusiasm or funding for
were so highly valued by our ancestors
background in science
basic scientific research.
that they have become an integral part of
Japan's cultural heritage.
The demand for
Okamoto: I agree with you. What we
During the period of sakoku (1614-
technology in the postwar
now call "science and technology" is a
1868, the period during which most of
the country was closed to foreign con-
reconstruction period was so
body of knowledge that originated in
tact), the Japanese had no other recourse
great because there was a
Europe. It is not easy to transfer western
ideas and culture to the East. In the early
but to develop their own technologies.
pressing need to raise the
20th century, the center of world
This led to the flowering of native arts
living standards of the people.
industry was shifting from the U.K. to
and crafts during the Genroku period.
the U.S., which was then learning from
During the 250-year period of isolation,
Germany. Even in the U.S., science
the island of Dejima in Nagasaki Bay
played a secondary role to technology
was Japan's only window to the West.
until the end of World War II. American
Dutch Learning (the name given to
Japan was quickly able to make major
science and technology owe their de-
western science), and in particular
scientific breakthroughs. Japan's rapid
velopment to public funding backed by
western medicine, came to Japan through
progress in science and technology did
private capital from people like the
Dejima. Only a few privileged scholars
not save it from the terrible defeat in the
Rockefellers and the Carnegies.
like Sugita Gempaku had access to
Second World War, which Japan lost
European science and were able to
because it overestimated its technologi-
Yamashita: The U.S. is a pluralist,
conduct scientific experiments.
cal strength. After the war, Japan took a
multiracial society. Japan, on the other
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
11
TOWARDS THE UNKNOWN
made by using its intelligence and
manual skills to develop today's science
hand, is more homogeneous and there-
and technology.
fore more culturally monolithic. This
has led to the development of the strong
Yamashita: The scope of science and
group consciousness that is reflected in
technology is increasing daily. It now
the organization of Japan's traditional
includes software and hardware. As
arts. The same phenomenon can be seen
systems get more sophisticated, software
in education. I believe this often acts as a
becomes more important. Research is
brake on individual academic develop-
no longer feasible without technological
ment, and that rules and prescribed
applications. I think that the number of
codes of behavior make it difficult for
fields left for "pure science" will become
students to be original. Japan has Nobel
very limited. There is a debate going on
in the Council for Science and Techno-
logy as to whether it should promote
"scientific technology" or "science and
technology." Furthermore science and
technology are rapidly merging to be-
come the "human frontier science."
Okamoto: Exactly. I think that the
science of tomorrow will learn from
ecology and biology. It is important to
put human happiness first when consid-
ering the relationship between science
and technology. I recently met the first
Japanese astronaut, Chiaki Mukai, in
Bonn. During her talk she spoke on the
astronauts seeing God in the universe,
an experience that Takashi Tachibana
described in his book Return from the
ISAMU YAMASHITA is chairman of Japan
Universe. Our primate ancestors ap-
Railways East, a senior adviser of the Mitsui
peared on this planet several million
Engineering and Shipping Co., Ltd. and president of
years ago, but so far only about 100
the International Organization for Standardization
human beings have gone into space.
(ISO). He joined Mitsui in 1933 after graduating from
Mukai said that when the astronauts saw
the University of Tokyo with a degree in engineering.
the earth from space for the first time,
He was born in 1911.
they were overwhelmed by a sense of the
presence of God. She said, "People who
laureates, but these are men who left the
have been in space return to earth with
country and studied abroad.
a completely different perspective on
life."
Okamoto: The Japanese used this cultur-
Space flight involves about five mil-
al brake during the international confer-
lion separate pieces of equipment and
ence on brain death. Although all the
computer data from many different
other countries agreed on the criteria
fields. Space technology is the ultimate
for diagnosing someone as brain-dead,
science. And what has man accom-
Japan shelved the issue. The Japanese
plished with all this technology? He has
have not yet reached a clear decision
gone into space and seen God. In the
about organ transplants and artificial
16th and 17th centuries, Galileo, Coper-
fertilization. But we must remember
nicus, Kepler and Newton were all
that machines without brakes are doom-
devout Christians. It is said that Newton
ed to self-destruction. Let's move on to
did more work on the Bible than he did
the progress that the human race has
in physics. He studied the universe, his
"second bible," in order to read God's
plan for mankind. This was the begin-
Space:
I think that the science of
ning of the scientific revolution.
Science and technology then de-
Japan should conduct the kind of
tomorrow will learn from
veloped to cater to human needs. In the
research that directly relates to everyday
ecology and biology. It is
past 400 years man has made great
life. Human beings are now able to look
progress. We have leapt toward the stars
at their planet from space, which also
important to put human
and looked into the face of God by using
shows them the limitations of their
happiness first when
the latest science and technology. I was
knowledge. I think that our knowledge
considering the relationship
very impressed with Mukai's talk and I
of the earth and in particular its oceans
believe that it gives us a clue about the
is still far from adequate. In the past, the
between science and
direction Japan's science and techno-
highest priority was put on food and
technology.
logy should be taking.
energy. Today, I think that the idea of
the "leap towards the unknown" encap-
Yamashita: As part of the global de-
sulates the purposes of science. If
velopment of science and technology,
science is indeed a "leap towards the un-
12
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
MICHIO OKAMOTO is professor emeritus of Kyoto
University, a member of the Council for Science and
Technology and Chairman of the National Council of
Education Reform. He began his teaching career after
graduating from Kyoto University with a Ph.D. in
medical science in 1946. He was born in 1913.
less than blasphemy.
Okamoto: Indeed. Now that humans
have become the "hands of God," they
should try to emulate his "heart" as well.
Yamashita: I often hear the accusation
that Japan took a "free ride" on the back
of scientific research paid for by other
countries. But I don't think that we did
so intentionally. This knowledge is
freely accessible to all and I encourage
other countries to follow Japan's
example. Japan was able to concentrate
on importing technology because there
was so great a need for it. But foreign
Space technology is the
ultimate science. And what
has man accomplished with
all this technology? He has
gone into space and seen
God.
KYODO
The Last Frontier and Ultimate Test of Human Creativity
known," and the answer to the riddle
Japan's science and technology policy.
technology cannot be mastered immedi-
of creation is to be found in the study
ately, it takes "fertilizer" and "garden-
of the universe, then space research
Yamashita: I agree that safety should be
ers" to make it bear fruit. Therefore it is
embodies the essence of scientific crea-
the most important consideration. The
not fair for other countries to accuse
tivity.
maintenance of safety in a wider sense-
Japan of "free-loading." We have noth-
the protection of the environment-is
ing to pay back to the U.S. and Europe,
Okamoto: In terms of the harmony
the key to winning popular support for
since they are now Japan's most promi-
between human activity and science and
science and technology.
nent competitors.
technology, science's highest priority
In emphasizing quality control, I often
should be safety. This is particularly
tell JR employees that creativity is the
Okamoto: It sounds as if we might be in
important in Japan, which is the only
only privilege God gave to humans. The
for some hard times ahead but this may
country to have experienced nuclear
abuse of that privilege by the creation of
be the real meaning of the international-
bombing. Safety should be the goal of
dangerous or harmful things is nothing
ization of science and technology.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
13
CULTURAL EXCHANGE: The Ship for World Youth
PEOPLE
Voyage of Discovery
When the first Ship for World Youth sets
charge for the first ten days
ROUTE FOR THE SHIP FOR WORLD YOUTH
sail this month it will carry 279 young
of the project and Professor
explorers on a voyage of discovery and
Noriyuki Nasu at the Uni-
self-discovery.
versity of the Air will take
over for the remainder of
O
N January 18, 1989, the liner
the journey. Nine advisors,
"Nippon Maru," will set sail for
including Simon D. Espin-
JAPAN
osa, former professor of Lat-
Tokyo
Hawaii, its first port of call on its 71-day
U.S.A.
1/18
voyage. The ship will be carrying 275
in-American history at the
0
1/28
Honolulu
MEXICO
passengers between the ages of 20 and
Quito Catholic University
3/17
1/29
Crisrobal
B
29-100 from Japan and 175 from 11
and Alberto Lopez Habib,
3/16
(2/24-2/25)
La Guaira
(2/19-2/21)
other countries.
an associate professor of
d
"The Ship for World Youth" is only
linguistics at the National
Guayaquil
VENEZUELA
one of many youth exchange programs
Autonomous University of
FIJI
(2/28-3/2)
ECUADOR
sponsored by the Management and
Mexico, will be on board to
AUSTRALIA
Coordination Agency. The first was the
conduct research and chair
HONDURAS
Japanese Youth Goodwill Mission Pro-
discussions on the themes
COSTA RICA
PANAMA
gram, which began in fiscal year 1959 to
of international economics,
global environmental prob-
NEW ZEALAND
d
COLUMBIA
commemorate the wedding of the Crown
Prince. Later projects include the Invita-
lems and the Pacific Region
tion of Foreign Youth Program (since
in the 21st century.
1962), the Japanese Youth Goodwill
The participants will take part in
future cultural exchange projects. We
Cruise Program (1967-1987), the Ship for
exchange activities with youth organiza-
will have to learn to speak a common
Southeast Asian Youth Program (since
tions, and visit various industrial, cul-
language in order to be understood and
1974), the Japan-China Goodwill Ex-
tural and educational institutions in the
to understand the opinions of others.
change Program (since 1974), the Japan-
countries on their itinerary. They will
We have to take a fresh look at ourselves
South Korea Goodwill Exchange Pro-
also pay courtesy calls to governmental
from a global viewpoint and learn to
gram (since 1987) and the International
organizations.
respect others after recognizing that we
Youth Village Program (since 1985).
Prior to their departure from Tokyo,
are different from them. The voyage of
"Travel broadens the mind," goes the
the foreign participants will be invited to
the Ship for World Youth is another step
old adage, but the objectives of the first
Japan to visit several prefectures and
towards the common goal of interna-
"Ship for World Youth" go far beyond
Japanese companies and stay with
tional understanding.
mere tourism. In order to promote
Japanese families; these ex-
friendship and mutual understanding
periences will give them a
between young people from diverse
better understanding of the
cultures, the participants will discuss
current situation in Japan.
current world issues, and take part in a
The participants will be
wide range of academic, sporting and
divided into 12 mixed
cultural activities on board the "Nippon
groups, each one led by a
Maru" and in the four countries they
national representative from
will visit during the cruise.
the countries present. The
The participants were chosen on the
activities schedule will be
basis of their competence in English, the
discussed at meetings of the
language used during the cruise, their
group leaders to allow them
former activities in international ex-
to give full rein to their
change in the community, at work,
originality and ingenuity
school or as members of youth organiza-
during the planning process.
tions, their educational backgrounds
As a result of rapid inter-
and special academic, cultural and
nationalization, the nature
athletic skills. The 275 young Japanese,
of international youth ex-
Australians, Colombians, Costa Ricans,
change has changed. One
Ecuadorians, Fijians, Hondurans, Mexi-
out of five Japanese men,
cans, New Zealanders, Panamanians,
and one in three Japanese
Americans and Venezuelans will visit
women in their twenties
Honolulu (U.S.), Acapulco (Mexico), La
have been abroad as tour-
Guaira (Venezuela) and Guayaquil
ists. The Ship for World
(Ecuador).
Youth is the first program to
be established in response to
SEA OF LEARNING Professor Hidetoshi
these changes. The nurtur-
Katō, director of the National Institute
ing of international solidar-
of Multi-Media Education will be in
ity should be the aim of
The Nippon Maru:
14
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
Growing Through Conflict
vity; that's what cultural
abroad, there is little to surprise them
interchange is all about.
and I think that makes some of them a
little arrogant. Nevertheless, the young
Japanese companies are
have a great facility when it comes to
heavy investors abroad. How
mixing with the inhabitants of a foreign
We recently spoke with Hidetoshi Katō,
do you think we should deal with the
country and adapting their lifestyles to a
one of the directors of the "Ship for World
friction between Japanese managers and
new setting.
Youth," about the project and its aim of
their local staff?
promoting international understanding
A: I think exactly the same thing
Q:
How are we to facilitate the present
through cultural exchange activities
process of "internationalization" in Ja-
among young people.
pan?
A: There are three levels involved:
How can we tackle the cultural friction
governmental, corporate and indivi-
that has grown out of Japan's newly
dual. On the personal level, we should
acquired prominence in the world?
try to see ourselves as our foreign
A: The history of mankind is the history
visitors see us. Corporations should be
of cross-cultural contact. The meeting
employing more foreign employees and
and clash of different cultures has been a
give the foreign staff they hire locally the
stimulus for growth. So rather than
chance to be promoted to top manage-
calling it "cultural friction," I think it is
ment posts. The government is prepar-
better if we think of it as "cultural
ing its "100,000 foreign students pro-
interchange." In the present day and
gram." This means more than merely
age, advances in communications and
increasing numbers, it should include
transportation have dramatically in-
the provision of a suitable environment
creased international contacts. Several
to enable the students to concentrate on
million Japanese travel overseas every
their studies.
year, and we in Japan could watch the
American presidential election as it
Q: Could you tell us about the govern-
happened. In the past, it often took
HIDETOSHI KATO is director of the National
ment-sponsored Ship for World Youth
hundreds of years for one culture fully to
Institute of Multi-Media Education. He studied at
Program, which you will be leading?
absorb another. Five centuries passed
Harvard University and the University of Chicago after
A: I think that this is one of the most re-
between the introduction of Buddhism
graduating from Hitotsubashi University in 1953. He
volutionary ideas the Japanese govern-
to Japan and the founding of the native
has written more than 20 books and has taught at
ment has come up with SO far. Up to
True Pure Land and Zen Buddhist sects.
several universities, including Kyoto and Gakushüin
now, there have been several "Japanese
Universities, the University of Kent and the Chinese
Today the scale and speed of cultural
University of Hong Kong. He was born in 1930.
Youth Goodwill Cruises," which sent
contacts have led to an increase in
young Japanese overseas to experience
cultural friction. I don't think that
and study foreign cultures. This has now
"friction" should be taken only in its
happens when foreign firms come to
developed into an international pro-
negative sense. If we always try to evade
Japan. When a Japanese businessman
gram that is entirely funded by the
it, there will be no growth. We have to
goes abroad, he learns the bare essentials
Japanese government. Two-thirds of the
learn about cultural diversity and relati-
of the host country's language at the very
participants are from 11 countries in
least. But how many people
North, Central and South America and
from foreign corporations
Oceania, who will use English as their
try to do the same? I think
common language. The program will last
you'll find that they are far
71 days and include lectures, discus-
fewer. One of the problems
sions, sports events and other group
with today's Japanese busi-
activities.
nessmen is that they don't
have a sound grounding in
Q:
What problems do you anticipate with
their own culture. They can
SO many nationalities present?
talk about business, but
A: Each cabin will be shared by three
when it comes to ukiyoe,
young people from different back-
ceramics or leading Japan-
grounds, some from large countries like
ese authors, their only con-
Japan and the U.S. and others from
tribution is "I don't know, I
small ones like Fiji. Having Spanish,
never studied them." In
English and Japanese speakers in the
contrast, most American
same cabin for several weeks makes
businessmen will have read
some form of cultural friction unavoid-
Mark Twain and Heming-
able. Some of the passengers may
way and have an opinion
become depressed, and there may be a
about them.
few arguments when tempers fray. But
because they are on a ship, they will have
What is your view of
nowhere to run away to. It is when you
Japan's younger generation?
learn to face and overcome these kinds
A: They were born in
of difficulties that you become really
a multicultural world.
human. Without clashes there is no
Whether it be music or food,
progress for individuals or cultures.
there is an enormous amount
When the voyage ends, I think that all
of foreign influence in Ja-
the participants will have done a great
Sailing Across the Cultural Gap
pan. So when they go
deal of growing up.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
15
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: Exposition Island
ECONOMY
Events to Grow On
Local areas in Japan have been jumping
provement and expansion
on the exposition bandwagon in an
of industry, transportation
attempt to play catch-up with the rapidly
and job opportunities in
growing capital city, Tokyo. Here, we
local areas, but most local
relate the history of the expo and discuss
businesses are either sub-
the shape of events to come.
contractors to leading com-
panies or small independent
YASUHIKO UBUKATA is current-
operators. They still do not
ly a deputy director of the urban
compare with Tokyo-based
development division of Dentsu Inc.,
firms in terms of central
the company he joined after graduat-
ing from Waseda University. He is in
control, financing, or re-
charge of planning local development
search and development of
as well as expositions in Tokyo,
services and products.
Osaka, Nagoya and Chiba, and is also
PANA
The attitudes of corporate
involved in resort development in
executives have changed
Fukushima and Shizuoka. He was born in 1941.
Tsukuba Science Expo '86
with the revitalization ef-
forts of the past years. Ob-
1
889 marked the completion of
development, planning and marketing,
serving new economic trends and antici-
the Tōkaido railway line, the
new developments for business, public
pating changes in the world, many
promulgation of the Local Govern-
relations and advertising, and customer
companies are actively restructuring
ment Act that created 39 city govern-
services. Communications media that
and moving their production facilities to
ments in Japan, the Japanese Consti-
emphasize software and service have
other Japanese cities or to other coun-
tution, and the House of Represen-
also become increasingly important.
tries. They are reorganizing existing
tatives' member elections law. This
These changes in the Japanese economy
year, there will be celebrations through-
and society have taken place over 40
GROWTH IN EXPOS AND VISITORS
out the country to commemorate the
years of dynamic postwar growth on
centennial of the city-government sys-
both the national and local levels.
32.6
tem.
Before discussing these celebrations, I
MASS MIGRATION Migration of the Ja-
15
30
will present some background on the
panese into Tokyo is a demographic
changes in Japanese lifestyles and ex-
phenomenon that has accompanied the
plain Japan's industrial structures and
restructuring of the industries. The Oil
national policies for regional develop-
Shocks of the early 1970s slowed the
25
ment. Japan has become one of the most
pace of migration temporarily, but rapid
affluent nations in the world and the
population flow restarted after the crisis
Japanese are more individualistic in
subsided. Facing greater pressures from
their behavior and outlook. They can
abroad to correct external trade imba-
10
20
expect to live to nearly 80 and enjoy a
lances, Japan has shifted its economic
higher standard of living and an in-
policy toward domestic demand, a
NUMBER
creased number of pastimes. The priori-
change which made a significant impact
OF PEOPLE
ties are moving away from savings
on urban lifestyles. The differences
15
toward improvements in the quality of
between the Tokyo metropolitan area
NUMBER
life and personal fulfillment.
and other cities have increased. As more
OF EXPOS
In this new age, the sciences and the
and more corporations establish their
industries dealing with information
headquarters in Tokyo, the city con-
5
10
technology and software, electronics, the
tinues to become wealthier and more
life sciences and new materials are
international. The industries have creat-
continuing to advance rapidly. The
ed a cycle that concentrates high techno-
focus is shifting away from the "smoke-
logy and capital in Tokyo, driving the
5
stack industries" which sustained
increase of information and population
growth in the Japanese economy in
there. Even large cities like Osaka,
earlier years to industries that are
Nagoya and Fukuoka lack the vitality
0
0
developing new technologies. Produc-
and resources of Tokyo and are feeling
'80
'81
'82
'83
'84
'85
'86
'87
'88
'89
million
tion, traditionally viewed as "all-impor-
the need to enrich their economies.
Source: Ministry of International Trade and Industry
tant," is losing ground to research and
National policy has guided the im-
16
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
PANA
Expo 70: Putting Japan on the Map
divisions and developing others to han-
tecture to spectators from all over the
Exposition in 1986. The International Ex-
dle new business. The priorities have
world. Yet, these expositions did not
position Committee officially authorized
changed, and regional industry, which
merely display new developments. They
both events and Japanese and foreign
was structurally weak and depended
expressed the city's identity and symbo-
governments and companies contributed
upon imports, has been backed into a
lized national hospitality. Visitors im-
exhibition displays. These expositions,
new corner because of the stronger yen
pressed with the bright and educational
presenting government information and
and the increasing power of the NIEs.
displays told others who came to see for
company products to the Japanese, at-
The cities and companies in the regions
themselves.
tracted SO much business that special
are working to set up new industries by
The European fad for international
machines had to be set up to process sales
raising technological level and by ex-
expositions spread to the U.S. and
orders for up to ten million items.
panding convention business. However,
finally to Japan. The first Japanese
large-scale industrialization takes time.
world exhibition, Progress and Har-
EXPOSITION BOOM Regional govern-
As markets liberalize, agricultural and
mony of the Human Race, was held in
ments began to organize their own
fishing villages have to deal with greater
Senri, Osaka in 1970 with the approval
expositions in the 1970s. The number of
demands for better products and ser-
local expositions increased remarka-
vices. This is fueling the decline of
bly in the past few years with the
primary industries throughout the coun-
The organizers of the
forthcoming centennial of the city-
try.
expositions-if they run the
government system. The Port Island
Exhibition in 1981, sponsored by the
INFORMATION EXCHANGE With advanced
event in an effective
city of Kobe, was one of the first in the
integration in the Tokyo metropolitan
area, cities outside of Tokyo are seeking
manner-can encourage the
exposition boom. It celebrated the cre-
ation of the dynamic futuristic city of
ways to catch up technologically. Re-
companies to focus on
Port Island on land reclaimed from the
gional expositions are expected to play
displays for area
sea. Attracting 16 million people, the
an important part in triggering local
revitalization and in helping smaller
development. Then
event brought the Kobe city government
¥9.4 billion ($75.4 million) in direct
cities find new avenues for advancement
expositions will emerge as a
revenue, but its indirect effects on the
and infrastructure improvement to sta-
strong tool for improving the
economy were thought to have been
bilize the populations and to improve
several times larger.
the lives of Japanese communities. The
image of a city, promoting
expositions will allow for the exchange
culture or vitalizing an
KoBe CORPORATION The exhibition gave
of information in entertaining ways.
Kobe international recognition, and
Why are expositions held? Historical-
economy.
added to the city's prestige and pride.
ly, they were important for demonstrat-
Lauding the commercial success of the
ing national power at strategic times.
exposition, the people began to refer to
The first exposition was in Paris, fol-
of the Paris World Exposition Commit-
their city government as "the Kobe
lowed by others in London and Vienna.
tee. About 200 Japanese laws and
Corporation," and talked about its
Expositions were held in cities that best
regulations were revised or made for this
achievements in planning and manage-
represented the nation and displayed the
great event. The exhibits on display
ment. The exposition itself was not a
most advanced culture, technology and
included moon rocks and new space
transitory festival but one which antici-
products of the day. The Eiffel Tower
technology. Other developments were
pated future city development. The
was built for the International Exposi-
shown on large monitors in the pavilions
companies and people that relocated to
tion of Paris to show off a new kind of
to amuse the 60 million Japanese who
Kobe, the tourists, the businessmen and
steel construction and the Crystal Palace
came to this fun and educational event.
the convention visitors all expressed
at the London World Exposition exhib-
The Okinawa Marine Exposition fol-
great admiration for Port Island, the
ited revolutionary glass and steel archi-
lowed in 1975 and the Tsukuba Science
new town created by the exposition,
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
17
EVENTS TO GROW ON
1988 EXPOSITION MAP
which is now a model of successful local
development. Other ambitious city
governments drew inspiration from this
event and started similar expositions.
Hakodate Expo '88
The map on this page shows 14
expositions that were held in Japan last
year. Each attracted millions of people
Aomori Expo '88
and had a specific theme, related to
"vitalizing the local economy and creat-
Food and Greenery Resources
ing a comfortable environment for the
Exposition Ishikawa '88
Hiroo Expo '88
21st century." The success of each
Food and Green Exposition '88
JUNO'S JAPAN '88
exposition was determined by whether it
could attract a large number of people.
The events required support from the
Silk Road Exposition
private sector, since no regional govern-
Hyogo '88
ment could afford to put on a large-scale
Eatpia Tochigi '88
exposition alone.
Corporate participation in local expo-
Saitama Exposition '88
sitions occurs at various levels. Com-
panies supply exhibits in theme pavi-
lions, refreshments, products, and
funding for other entertainment. Most
Future Watch '88
local governments can only afford to pay
Seto Ohashi Bridge
about 10% of the total exhibition budget
Expo '88 Shikoku
Green- Flower- Festival- Nagoya '88
and depend on corporate funds to cover
the bulk of their expenses.
Seto Ohashi Expo '88 Okayama
Local governments also depend great-
ly on the revenue from advance sales of
the 1,000 ($8) to ¥ 5,000 ($40) general
admission tickets for the exposition.
exhibits and other planned events, Ef-
no longer treating the Japanese as a
Public relations promotions and litera-
fective expositions depend upon strong
homogeneous mass market. Instead,
ture inform the public and the compan-
ties among the organizers, producers
they are targeting smaller segments of
ies of the exposition theme. Successful
and sponsors. Bureaucracy and the
society and catering to specific interest
PR campaigns ensure good sales of
differences between these controlling
groups. At large expositions, the partici-
tickets which, when sold in bulk through
elements can affect smooth administra-
pating companies sponsor events that
organized sales networks, guarantee that
tion as well as communications within
entertain and communicate ideas as well
a large number of visitors will attend.
the multifaceted organization. Good
as exhibits that show off company
Earlier, I described the new and more
communication with the companies that
products. The organizers of the exposi-
individualistic lifestyles of the Japanese.
have agreed to cooperate with these
tions-if they run the event in an
Do local expositions give the citizens the
government-led expositions is also vital
effective manner-can encourage the
opportunity to express their own indivi-
for success.
companies to focus on displays for area
duality? It seems difficult to express
There are more expositions being held
development. Then expositions will
oneself through exposition themes as
simultaneously in Japan than ever.
emerge as a strong tool for improving
vague as "freedom," "exchange," "ro-
Companies today look to the exposition
the image of a city, promoting culture or
mance," and "discover." Yet, the organ-
as a medium to publicize themselves
vitalizing an economy. In the end, they
izers and the executive producers take
and their products. In view of recent
will become a medium that gives indi-
these abstract themes and express them
trends in personal development and
viduals greater opportunities for per-
tangibly in the form of visual images,
individualism, corporate sponsors are
sonal fulfillment.
The Hundreds of Flowers Campaign
The International Garden and Greenery Exposition,
commemorating the "Harmonious Coexistence of Man and
Nature," will be held in Osaka from April 1-September 30,
EXPO'90
1990. The organizers of the expo believe that nature relaxes
and comforts people, as well as teaches them about the beauty
of life, and are collecting plants from all over the world for the
enjoyment of participants of all ages and nationalities. Many
International
different flowering plants will be on display in "The Flower
Beds," the central garden of the Expo; and the International
Garden
Garden Exhibition Site, set in the middle of the woods, will be
EXPO.90
filled with gardens showing off the horticulture of various
countries. The expo's organizers hope to contribute to the de-
velopment of a pleasant and affluent society-embellished by
nature-towards the 21st century. The world's first linear-
motor subway, with stops in the center of Osaka and at the
expo site, will be completed by 1990, in time for this event.
A Walk Through Pastures Green: Osaka's Expo '90
18
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
1988 Expositions in Japan
DATA BOX
The following lists the names, dates, locations, and themes of
the expositions.
ECONOMY
1. Asian-Pacific Exposition-Fukuoka '87
3/17-9/3
JAPANESE FIRMS IN EUROPE
Euro-bound Japanese invest-
Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture
ment to the EC has increased
The Quest for New Communication and Our World
in view of the 1992 forma-
300
tion of an open European
2. SUMPU Exhibition 89
market. JETRO estimated
3/18-5/21
250
that more than 400 Japanese
Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture
manufacturing firms (100
Man, History and The Future
200
more than last year) moved
3. Festival Southernpia 21
into Europe in 1988. Most
3/16-5/14
150
notable are the increases in
Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture
investments in Italy, Spain
Volcano and Future
and Portugal. In the near fu-
100
ture, not just manufacture
4. '89 Himeji Shiropia Exposition
but all of the stages-from
3/18-6/4
0
'83
'85
'87
'87
planning to the finished pro-
Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture
/Sep. /Sep./March/Dec.
duct-will be carried on
The Beautiful Castle, The Beautiful People and Beautiful
overseas.
Moments
5. Netherlands Festival '89 in Osaka
To Have or to Have Not The 1988 White Paper on National
3/19-5/21
Life, submitted by the Economic Planning Agency (EPA) and
Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture
approved by the Cabinet on November 18, reported soaring
Brilliant New Age of Internationalism
land and stock prices and an increased public awareness of a
great disparity in incomes and property prices. The Japanese
6. Yokohama Exotic Show Case
people as a whole can now afford to buy more consumer
3/25-10/1
goods, yet their dissatisfaction with the Japanese standard of
Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture
living is not what one would expect for residents of a country
Space and Children
with the world's second largest economy.
7. Japan's 21st Grand O-kashi Fair
According to the report, Japanese personal consumption
4/13-5/14
rose 4% and private residential investment jumped 23.9%
Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture
during fiscal year 1987. Both of these increases are contri-
O-Kashi for The World
buting to economic expan-
sion. The increasing value
8. Sea and Islands Expo, Hiroshima 1989
of securities and land hold-
GROWING DISPARITIES
7/8-10/29
ings has led to increased
¥ million
Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture
purchasing power for the
200
The Sparkling Sea, Lively Islands and Man: The Grand
Japanese holding those as-
Design
sets. Others who have given
up all hope of ever saving
150
9. Food and Green Resources Exposition
7/14-9/3
enough to buy their own
Tokyo Area
homes-in view of these
Whole
(Chiba, Saitama,
Niigata Ciy, Niigata Prefecture
100
country
Tokyo, Kanagawa)
price hikes-are also con-
Rich Food of Niigata and Full of Green
suming more. The Japanese
10. World Design Exposition '89
are affluent, but they still
50
7/15-11/26
feel slightly cheated by soar-
Nagoya City, Aitchi Prefecture
ing land and stock prices,
Dream, Design, Humanity-The Urban Symphony
which make it impossible
0
I I
for them to buy property.
11. The World Toy Exposition '89 in Tottori
'80
'85
'87
The report said that soar-
7/29-8/20
Note: I-V refer to the five classes of
ing land prices dealt a
landowners in Japan
Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture
strong blow to the two mil-
The Fantasy of Toy Land
lion heads of households in Tokyo. 18.2% of those renting
12. '89 Green Fair Sendai
homes changed their minds about buying a house in their
7/29-10/16
neighborhood, and half decided not to save to buy a house
Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture
anywhere in Japan. The average value of real estate in the
For the Harmony Between City and Green
Tokyo area per homeowner was ¥86 million ($689,000) in
13. Yamagata Souvenir Festival
fiscal year 1987. There are certainly clearer distinctions
8/3-8/20
between the "haves" and the "have-nots" today.
Yamagata City, Yamagata Prefecture
The white paper warned that such growing disparities in in-
World Culture and Man
come and assets would fuel a sense of inequity among the
middle class. The Japanese expressed discontent over the
14. Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival '89
longer working hours, higher costs of living and inadequate
10/10-10/15
numbers of parks, athletic grounds and other recreational
Yamagata City, Yamagata Prefecture
facilities, in comparison to the countries in the West. The re-
Sophisticated Films
port concluded that changes in the distribution system may
help control further increases in prices. Japan Times
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
19
COMPANY STRATEGIES: Tokyo Electric Power Co.
BUSINESS
Power for the People
The Tokyo Electric Power Company, the
kyo, Chubu, Hokuriku, Kansai, Chu-
for power. These two sets of impera-
largest of Japan's nine regional power
goku, Shikoku and Kyushu. Nine re-
tives-social and economic-are often
companies, has not incurred the reputa-
gional companies operate as monopolies
in conflict.
tion for inefficiency and unpopularity
responsible for power generation, trans-
During the oil crises of 1973, the
earned by other state-run concerns. In
mission and distribution, servicing and
Tokyo Electric Power Co. had to raise its
this article, Shin'ichiro Nakase looks at
pricing. They were modeled on private
prices in response to a sharp increase in
the reasons behind the company's success
firms to avoid the bureaucratic ineffi-
the cost of imported oil. The price rise
and its strategy for the 21st century.
ciency that can develop in a large state-
was expected to be inflationary and also
run monopoly. Poor business perfor-
SHIN'ICHIRO NAKASE is the
mance by any one of these nine power
VITAL STATISTICS
associate editor of the Financial News
companies will be reflected in their
Department at the Mainichi Shimbun.
customer rates and the value of their
Established
1951
He joined the paper's staff after
stocks on the market. And the company
graduating from Hitotsubashi Univer-
Number of
will come under fire from the com-
sity in 1964. He has written on the
Employees
39,500
automobile and energy industries,
munity it serves. In this way, the
business, government fiscal policy,
Japanese power industry is structured to
Operating Revenues
¥3.9 trillion
financial markets, and political news.
prevent regional units from becoming
($303 billion)
He was born in 1940.
inefficient monopolies dependent on
FY1988
138.3 billion
central government management and
Net Income
($1.1 billion)
A
SSURING a stable supply of cheap,
funding to survive.
plentiful energy is every nation's
dream and every government's biggest
PRIVATE vs. PUBLIC The Tokyo Electric
to affect the aluminum industry and
headache. This is particularly true in
Power Co. is the largest of Japan's nine
other heavy power users. But a price
energy-poor Japan where domestic ener-
regional power companies. As a utility
increase to a level below profitability
gy resources are limited to insufficient
company, it serves the needs of the
would not make up for the increase in
reserves of low-grade coal and the
Tokyo area and therefore must take into
the cost of fuel or the construction of
hydro-electric capacity of a few rivers.
account the interests of consumers. At
new generating facilities.
How has Japan tackled this knottiest of
the same time, it is required to make a
Fortunately, continuing public sup-
problems? Let us begin by taking a look
profit and raise low-cost financing in the
port has enabled the Tokyo Power Co.
at the structure of its electric power
market to pay for the new plant and buy
and its eight sister firms to overcome
industry. Japan is divided into nine
the oil, natural gas, coal and uranium it
such difficulties. In the past few years,
power regions: Hokkaido, Tohoku, To-
needs to meet the fast-growing demand
there have been repeated calls for the
privatization of the Japanese National
Railways and other government-run cor-
porations to improve their efficiency.
No such proposals have been made for
reforming the nine regional power com-
panies. However, past popular support
for the company's policies does not
necessarily guarantee the success of
these policies in the future.
The Tokyo Electric Power Co., capi-
talized at ¥656.5 billion ($52.6 billion),
with a staff of 39,500, an annual
operating revenue of ¥3.9 trillion ($303
billion) and 187 power plants with a
total capacity of 41.31 million kilowatts,
is the largest power company in the
world. The employees of such a giant
tend to see their company as an unsinka-
ble ship and lose touch with the
changing requirements of their custom-
ers. This is only one of the possible faults
peculiar to regional monopolies that
could emerge in the years to come.
TO THE YEAR 2000 The company took
these problems into account when it
drew up its management strategy for the
21st century in June 1985. Two years
Memories of the Bomb Make Japan's Nuclear Safety Standards Among the Highest
later, the company implemented a cor-
20
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
porate identity promotion plan as part
atomic bombing-is particularly sensi-
of an "action program" based on its new
tive to the issue of nuclear safety. As a
strategy.
consequence, the country has some of
Commenting on the strategy and the
the highest nuclear safety standards in
program, Tokyo Electric Power Co.
the world. All nuclear plants are re-
Chairman Gaishi Hiraiwa said, "We are
quired to undergo a stringent three-
in an age when everyone has trouble
month inspection every year. Efforts are
forecasting future developments in poli-
underway to develop fail-safe systems to
tics, economics, society and culture.
minimize human error in the operation
Tomorrow may not necessarily be a
of nuclear reactors. The company has a
simple continuation of today. We must
large and expanding training program
develop our ability to predict future
for nuclear engineers, and the power
demand and prepare ourselves to cope
companies mount regular public rela-
with the changes." President Shō Nasu
tions campaigns to persuade people of
added, "To that end, we must always
the need for nuclear power. Japan's
acknowledge that we are part of a
nuclear power plants, including those of
market economy." What they mean is
the Tokyo Electric Power Co., are
that the company's employees should be
Going Nuclear: Ending Japan's Dependence on
operating at more than 70% of their
sensitive to new market developments
Imported Oil
generating capacity, the highest rate for
and be prepared to adapt themselves to
nuclear plant operation in the world.
the future.
NUCLEAR IS BETTER The steady develop-
However, the Tokyo Electric Power
From the start of the action program,
ment of nuclear power is part of these
Co.'s current success could be seriously
the company acknowledged that it oper-
efforts. As of March 1988, the Tokyo
affected, and its corporate image seri-
ates in a competitive environment and
Electric Power Co. had three nuclear
ously tarnished, by another oil crisis or a
will pursue a policy that highlights
power plants with 11 reactors generating
serious nuclear accident.
creativity and gives top priority to
a total output of 10.19 million kilowatts.
The company's corporate identity
customer needs. The company has cut
Four reactors are under construction
uses the slogan "Energy for Your Ener-
utility rates twice to pass windfall profits
and two more are at the planning stage.
gies," which emphasizes that the energy
from the yen's appreciation onto con-
The company's aim is for nuclear power
supplied by the Tokyo Electric Power
sumers. It has promoted cost effective-
to make up 30% to 35% of all power
Co. is vital to the stability of people's
ness by building nuclear power plants
plant and generate between 50% and
lives and society. This is based on a
and underground power distribution
60% of its output by the year 2010. The
concept designed to foster a sense of
networks in large cities, entered the
development of nuclear power is neces-
social responsibility among staff mem-
telecommunications and heating mar-
sary to reduce Japan's dependence on
bers. With its "T-80" total quality
kets, developed fuel cells and other
imported oil, the price and supply of
control program, the company aims to
auxiliary power devices and researched
which are fixed by factors outside of the
become an organization that will meet
alternative energy generation methods
country's control. Japan-the only
future challenges with creativity and a
such as wind power.
country to experience the horror of
positive outlook.
DATA BOX
logy, which means Japan doesn't have
large amounts of the new beer quickly.
much of a basic science R&D program.
Dr. Solter will interview Asahi Beer's
The Japanese would just as soon leave
president, chairman, and financial, pro-
BUSINESS NEWS
that expensive process to the Europeans
duction, marketing, and planning peo-
and the Americans, who are getting tired
ple-some 20 middle- to top-manage-
A comparison of world-famous and
of Japan's "free-riding tactics" and
ment types in all. This study will be used
Japan-famous brands. Landor Asso-
voicing their discontent more and more.
in the Harvard AMP and MBA pro-
ciates recently announced the results of
The West has objected to the uneven
grams during the next 10 to 20 years.
an international brand-awareness sur-
balance of personnel, among other
Harvard has already studied many
vey of 3,000 respondents in Europe,
things. 50% of all Japanese researchers
Japanese companies, including Matsu-
Japan, and the United States. Here are
and scientists go to America to study
shita Electric, Mitsui & Co., Mazda,
the top ten: Worldwide: 1. Coca Cola, 2.
and 25% go to Europe. Most of the
NEC, and Kikkōman. Asahi Shimbun
IBM, 3. SONY, 4. Porsche, 5. McDon-
researchers coming to Japan are Chin-
ald's, 6. Disney, 7. Honda, 8. Toyota, 9.
ese, Southeast Asians, and natives of
Part-time women workers are still being
Seiko, 10. BMW; Japan: 1. Takashi-
developing countries. In fact, only one
exploited. In July, the National Feder-
maya, 2. Coca Cola, 3. National, 4.
in seven visiting scientists comes from
ation of Small Business Associations
SONY, 5. Toyota, 6. NTT, 7. JAL, 8.
an industrialized nation. The govern-
distributed a questionnaire on part-time
ANA, 9. Hattori Seiko, 10. Shiseido. -
ment has started a program to improve
women workers to 25,071 businesses in
Nihon Keizai Shimbun
these ratios, but the solution is still a
Japan that had fewer than 300 emplo-
long way off. Shükan AERA
yees (64% of them had less than 30
Railing against Japan's "Free Ride"
employees). "Use part-timers on a con-
increases. A look at R&D in Japan
America uses Asahi Super Dry Beer in
tinuing basis" 32%. Job description:
shows a giant increase in the number of
education. Harvard Business School will
"Help regular employees" 47%; "Same
research institutions for electronics,
make a case study of Asahi Super Dry
as regular employees" 35%; "Contracted
pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Of
Beer. Dr. Malcolm Solter, in charge of
for a specific period" 24%; "Contracted
course, most of the R&D has been done
the project, is especially interested in the
with specific conditions" 30%; "Have
by the corporations. And, about 80% of
Asahi decision-making process: the deci-
paid holidays" 29%; "Get regular salary
Japan's R&D is privately funded while
sion to make major changes in beer taste
increases" 29%; "Get lump-sum retire-
as much as 50% of European and U.S.
and product labeling, the investment of
ment pay" 12%. - Asahi Shimbun
R&D is government funded. Privately-
a lot of money in advertising and coming
funded R&D focuses on applied techno-
up with the facilities to manufacture
BY CHARLES T. WHIPPLE
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
21
VIEWPOINTS: 1988 in Retrospect
OPINION
The Changing Times
Here, Professors Takenaka
Tanaka: We've experienced
and Tanaka, the authors of
what they call "political
our viewpoints series, discuss
business cycles" in the U.S.
last year in retrospect, the
before, where the economy
challenges that have carried
is kept running smoothly
over into the new year, and
through the presidential
the efforts that Japan will
elections. But now that the
have to make to meet them.
elections are over, there is
no guarantee that the danger
Tanaka: I think the INF
zones in the economy will
treaty was a kind of water-
DEPARTMENT
not emerge.
shed in recent international
politics. There was signifi-
Takenaka: To make a long
cant arms reduction and the
OIA
story short, things depend
monitoring problems have
entirely on the kinds of
also been solved. I think that
policies that President Bush
this has greatly changed the
PANA
endorses. The markets may
way the Gorbachev Admi-
President Bush: How Will His Policies Affect the World Economy?
be very stable, depending on
nistration is viewed by the
how the new president pro-
West, and this encourages people to help
reasons why the Japanese economy
poses to deal with the deficit and what
Mr. Gorbachev in what he is trying to
succeeds and why the U.S. economy
stance he takes towards America's
do. There are still some skeptics, but I
does well are completely different. There
industrial competitiveness.
think there are fewer people now who
are serious structural problems in the
are worried about the so-called "ever-
U.S. economy. The propensity to con-
Tanaka: I think it's true that the policies of
increasing Soviet threat."
sume is increasing while savings are
the U.S. president can shake up the world
In socialist countries all over the
decreasing and the external deficit is not
economy. But with the new round of
world, it has become clear that the
being solved. I think such conditions
GATT talks, it seems to me that there
traditional socialist way of doing things
continue because the U.S. continues to
could be sweeping transitions in the inter-
is not working. They have to adopt
pursue Keynesian policies.
national economic system during the next
certain capitalist mechanisms. But capi-
The Japanese case is different. Assets
two or three years. What is your opinion?
talism is by no means perfect itself; the
inflation has pushed consumption up,
economic system of the capitalist world
and business investments have increased
Takenaka: When you are confronted
seems to be in pretty dangerous straits.
to keep pace with this. The reasons why
with the task of creating an international
Considering this, I would like to ask
the economy is doing well are fundamen-
system, it is very important to reach an
what, Professor Takenaka, is your
tally different. The underlying factors
agreement on the processes by which the
opinion of the trends that we've seen in
that led to Black Monday still remain to be
system is made. The GATT talks are one
the international economy since Black
dealt with. I am rather pessimistic about
way to accomplish this. The bilateral
Monday?
how long the economy can go on like this.
agreements that America is now trying
to reach with most of the Asian coun-
Takenaka: To be quite frank, I think that
tries are another. The U.S. is currently
this year has been an extremely trying
pursuing both approaches and the future
one for economists who are thinking
will be determined largely in part by
seriously about the world economy. You
which path the U.S. chooses to take. I
can find all sorts of economists and
think that to a large extent, Japan's
thinkers who say that the economy is
attitudes will influence future interna-
strong but they have presented almost
tional systems. Takeshita will come to
nothing in the way of evidence for their
the forefront. We have seen him in
assertions. There were technical factors
active duty as prime minister for a year
in how stock is traded that were partially
and now the world will see whether he is
responsible for Black Monday, but the
a man who can participate effectively in
basic problem is America's external
international debates.
imbalance, which has not been solved
yet. But in spite of that, the world
Tanaka: A lot of people, including
economy is in good shape. If you look at
myself, were quite anxious when Take-
various countries, you will see that all of
shita took over as prime minister. We
their economic performances are simi-
AKIHIKO TANAKA is currently an associate
were unsure of his international policies.
lar. There has been growth in consump-
professor in the Department of Social and Interna-
But I think that we should give him
tion, followed by double-digit increases
tional Relations at the University of Tokyo. He received
credit for some things. Domestic and
his Ph.D. in political science from M.I.T. and is a
in capital spending.
international politics-Japan's foreign
frequent contributor to international political maga-
But if you look at it from the point of
policy in particular-are intimately re-
zines. He was born in 1954.
view of economic mechanisms, the
lated at this point in time. If we look
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
22
back, we can see that Takeshita took
exports are influenced by past exchange
Takenaka: It is now time to think
care of import restrictions-at least in
rates whereas capital spending is deter-
clearly about what structural conver-
principle-by February, and the New
mined by projected rates. In other
sions will entail. The yen has gone up
Kansai Airport problem, an outgrowth
words, both the lag variables and the
and imports have increased, but that
of the construction industry problem,
lead variables have worked in Japan's
doesn't necessarily mean that there
was solved by April 1988. At the
favor, which is why Japan needs to take
have been adjustments. You say that
beginning of 1988, it looked as if not too
advantage of the situation and make real
we need to increase imports and I
much progress could be made on the
structural changes. Except for the rise of
agree, but there are certain domestic
U.S.-Japan beef-and-oranges issue, but
the yen, the Japanese political and
obstacles that need to be overcome. In
Takeshita had handled the problem
economic frameworks haven't changed
Japan, there are laws that tell large
nicely by the time of the Summit. That's
very much. It is now time for Mr.
retail outlets that they must close by 6
one of the reasons I think he was given
Takeshita to take the lead in cutting the
or 7 p.m.; this is tantamount to telling
such high marks there. Of course,
working hours, relaxing the regulations,
laborers that they should not shop. Mr.
Takeshita's popularity also stems from
liberalizing agricultural imports and
Takeshita places a lot of emphasis on
economic growth due to strong domestic
doing other things that we've talked
letting the ministries run the govern-
demand. Imports are increasing and the
about. I personally do not think that the
ment, but in this case his policy has
trade surplus has not increased drasti-
kind of economic expansion we're see-
been damaging.
cally. I think those factors have given the
ing now is going to last very long.
In the bureaucracy, some ministries
impression that Takeshita knows what
are going to perform quite well; others
he's doing. But I think he's still untested
Tanaka: If the American economy con-
won't, and the differences between them
when it comes to how much he can
tracts, the Asian NIEs will obviously be
will be apparent. In a time of globaliza-
contribute to the creation of a new
affected and it will be up to Japan to
tion and economic liberalization, those
international framework.
absorb the shock. This means that Japan
differences become more visible than
The Takeshita cabinet has been very
will have to create an economy that can
necessary, so I think that it will be very
active on financial matters like the
absorb exports from these countries and
important from now on for the Take-
international financial system and the
from developing nations. This is an
shita government to create something
currency system and has acted positively
that goes beyond government by the
towards several of the proposals dis-
bureaucracy.
cussed at the Summit. It has taken the
lead in giving economic assistance to
Takenaka: I think you're right. Only
poorer nations, and I think that the
the special interest groups seem to be
Miyazawa Plan will be a positive move
effectively represented in the current
ahead. Yet, it's still uncertain how this
systems. That's the pattern of govern-
will be received in the world.
ment we are following at the present.
I think there are many times when
Takenaka: I think that you're right.
you just can't rely on government by
When you make foreign policy in Japan,
special interest groups. This year's fo-
there are two different things that you
cal point will probably be whether
need to consider. First, you must look at
this can be reformed.
individual demands from the United
States; this usually means how much
Takenaka: In as much as the world
Japan will give in on a particular matter.
economy depends on the United States,
I think Mr. Takeshita has shown himself
obviously the biggest thing that we will
to be very tenacious in this regard. He
be looking at will be the policies
always gives in in the end, but he does so
adopted by the new president, and
in a way that there are few repercussions
particularly, those for dealing with the
at home. When it comes to the world
HEIZO TAKENAKA is currently an associate
fiscal deficit.
economic system, Japan will have to get
professor of Osaka University. Last year, he received
Japan will have to focus on ac-
in step with the rest of the world if
the Ekonomisto Prize for his book The Macroanalysis
complishing the structural adjust-
something is going to be done. I don't
of External Imbalance, and in 1984, the Suntory
ments that we have talked about. If
know how Takeshita will contribute to
Academic Prize for The Economics of Business
Japan does not take care of this
the creation of the mechanisms for a
Investment. Upon graduating from Hitotsubashi Uni-
world system.
versity, he began his career at the Japan Development
now, it may be making a grave mis-
Bank, and later served as a senior economist at the
take. The Rise and Fall of the Great
The world seems to be looking for
Ministry of Finance's Institute of Fiscal and Monetary
Powers has gotten a lot of attention
charismatic leaders-the flag-waving
Policy. He was born in 1951.
recently, and while there may be
kind who will think up a project and
some differences in degree, I think
then stand at the helm of it until it gets
that the same argument holds for
accomplished. If you don't fit that mold,
important economic and political prob-
Japan. Japan has already circulated
it will be hard for you to participate in
lem. Last year was much better for the
capital to the Asian NIEs and the
international debates. Mr. Takeshita has
NIEs than I had expected. North and
ASEAN nations. What it needs to do
been very aggressive in his decisions
South Korea have improved communi-
now is to increase the available ame-
regarding economic assistance, but the
cations, and South Korea and Taiwan
nities. This will require a very large
question that lies ahead of him is
are becoming increasingly democratic
changeover on Japan's part and will
whether he will be able to dramatize the
by peaceful means, quite unlike the
need to be done in view of a forth-
issue. Of course, we will need to discuss
violent democratization of the Philip-
coming decline of the Japanese eco-
how well the Japanese economy, which
pines. Japan has a political responsi-
nomy. I myself will be looking at
supports economic assistance, is doing.
bility to adjust its domestic economic
how well Mr. Takeshita and the
There is lag time right now as the
structure so that it is able to increase
Japanese government will be able to
economy absorbs all of the changes that
imports from its neighbors and from
carry out these changes.
it has gone through. Present imports and
other developing nations.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
23
FOREIGN VOICES: Summer Internships in Japanese Companies
OPINION
Learning Experiences
In 1987, Dr. Tazuko Ajiro Monane,
companies in Japan right now, was hit
Japanese culture and relationships but
Professor of Japanese Language and
hard by the high yen, and tried to
there's nothing that can compare to
Director of the Japanese Language Pro-
diversify and economize. They asked me
actually being here and living in Japan-
gram in the Department of East Asian
to suggest ways in which Kawasaki could
ese society. Once, I was being intro-
Languages and Civilizations at Harvard
move into foreign markets. I talked to
duced to a client from a large Japanese
University, arranged summer internships
employees, wrote reports, did a lot of
company. We sat in a room, drank
for outstanding Harvard undergraduates
reading and responded to presentations
coffee and made small talk. At the time,
who have completed at least two years of
given to me by people in the company.
I felt we were wasting business time, but
Japanese language study. In 1988, Dr.
Eric: This summer I was working at the
I gradually realized that this is just as
Monane expanded this program to nine
Kajima Construction Co. in the corpo-
important as business. When you build a
students. Here, she talks to four-Daniel
rate planning department, and my chief
relationship, you can take care of things
Alexander, Carolyn Evans, Henry Kwak
task was to address the question of how
that are relevant for business.
and Eric Solberg-about their summer
Kajima should deal with American
Henry: When I got to the office, I met
experiences in Japanese companies.
general contractors who were interested
the nicest people. If I were to have a
in entering the Japanese market. My
cold, someone would notice it, and two
Monane: First, tell us briefly about what
report focused on what Kajima should
bottles of medicine would come without
you did this summer.
do to improve its image since the
my asking. At first, people were re-
Carolyn: I was working at a small
Japanese construction industry has re-
served, but once you get a hang of the
marketing research company called To-
ceived a lot of bad press in the States.
language, they are open. I had the chance
kyo Research Consultants that helps
Henry: I was working for C. Itoh & Co.,
to talk about many things in Japanese
companies break into foreign markets.
Ltd. where I did general clerical work,
with the women in my office.
The women at my firm did all kinds of
research on the EC market unification of
work from copying, serving tea, and
1992 and the economies of the NIEs.
Monane: What have been your most
washing dishes to writing executive
Itoh also asked me to find a new
difficult experiences?
reports and word processing. I did some
business venture that would make
Dan: Last week, I was at a company
of those things and a lot of translation
money. Since I only had three months
training weekend, and it was tough
too.
there, I decided to concentrate on real
because I was left alone with people who
Dan: I worked for Kawasaki Steel
estate and proposed a joint venture, a
didn't understand English at all. I
Corporation in many departments: per-
residential office-and-retail unit in Los
learned a lot of new vocabulary, but
sonnel, corporate image, and engineer-
Angeles, with the Trump company.
communication was somewhat difficult.
ing. Kawasaki, like the other big steel
Carolyn: My company employs a lot of
Monane: I'd like to know what your
positive experiences have been during
this internship.
Dan: Probably the openness of the
people in the company to discuss
business. Before I came to Japan, I
researched the Japanese construction
industry and I found that there had been
a lot of American outcry that the
Japanese construction industry was not
open. But there's a lot more to the story.
Eric: The most positive experience from
my perspective was a completely differ-
ent way of thinking. For example, when
Daniel Alexander: Kawasaki Steel Corp.
my section chief and I drafted a memo
Professor Tazuko Ajiro Monane
to an American company that we felt
was trying to cheat us, I thought it was
women in important positions, but they
important that the writing be good, and
still have a girl who serves tea in the
that the logic be sound. But, my section
afternoon and one who takes out the
chief didn't think those things really
trash. It was hard to accept this because I
mattered. He said that it was the tone of
know that the male interns don't do
the letter that was the most important; if
these things. But I've come to under-
we were too direct, the relationship
stand that in a Japanese company,
could become flawed. What we ended up
things are different.
with was a letter that was logical and also
Eric: Japanese meetings often seem to
conveyed the proper tone. This is the
waste a lot of time. Even though the real
one area in which Americans can really
decision-making has already been done
benefit. They can learn how to convey
"behind the scenes," the formal meet-
unspoken feelings better.
ings still take many hours or days, with
Eric Solberg: Kajima Construction Co.
Carolyn: Before I came here I studied
people saying ritual things like "That's
24
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
the way it is" or "What do you think we
Monane: What implications do you
Henry: My answer is similar. My future
should do?" Each of these comments is
think this summer internship will have
lies in international business. I would
followed by long periods of silence
for your future plans?
like to work with Korea, Japan and the
because the decisions have already been
Dan: There is an underlying commit-
U.S. I know that I can get along with the
made.
ment in my company to working very
people I met so I know that we can do
Henry: When you have blond hair and
hard and to wondering what other
business.
speak Japanese, people are amazed and
people think. This is something that I
they love you. But, people expect more
will be able to use in companies that I
Monane: I started this internships pro-
of you when you look Japanese. When I
will work for in the future. I want to
gram with a specific purpose. I know
first arrived in Narita airport, the
clarify things that the Japanese do that
that many of the interns will be future
customs officer was machine-gunning
have been construed as unfair. I want to
leaders of America. I don't know
Japanese to me, and I felt that I had to
explain to people in American business
whether they'll be politicians or busi-
appear arrogant and ignore him or seem
that the Japanese are not underselling
nessmen. When they go to Japan later
stupid. I chose to be arrogant.
them to hold market shares. They can
on, they'll be treated like VIPs and will
produce cheaper and offer better ser-
see Japan differently than the way they
Monane: I'm sure that you as an
vices.
have experienced it this summer. I
individual have gained a lot, but what do
you believe the company has gained
from you?
Dan: I was able to point out some things
that I saw at the company that I thought
were old-fashioned or that other Kajima
employees had reservations about men-
tioning.
Carolyn: The work that I did has helped
the company. I translated and wrote
letters. They told me that when I leave
they're going to give me a fax machine as
a present so I can do work for them while
I'm at Harvard.
Eric: The joke in the company is that I'm
the hen na gaijin (strange foreigner). I've
tried to be as American as possible while
Carolyn Evans: Tokyo Research Consultants
Henry Kwak: C. Itoh & Co., Ltd.
remaining open-minded about every-
thing, because I thought that was how I
Carolyn: I'm planning to write a senior
wanted my students to see how the
could contribute to them. I gave them ad-
thesis on women in the permanent
average Japanese live and work.
vice on what would work when they were
employment system in Japan although I
I will probably not see the long-term
dealing with Americans.
know that there are very few. My
results of this program, but these are the
Henry: I had the chance to teach English
experience has given me insight into
seeds that we have planted. The students
to the secretaries and sometimes I talked
what it's like to be a woman in a
will have an understanding of Japan that
with a manager of the company about
Japanese company. In the future, I
they can build on in the years to come.
how the women could be used more
would like to work for a company that
In a larger sense, they have been part of
effectively.
deals with Japan.
an informal diplomacy program.
Ogaki, Gifu Prefecture, where Basho
abstruse for the western reader. Our
DATA BOX
ended his journey, the first Oku no
Salad Anniversary describes the author's
Hosomichi conference took place with
feelings of love, hope and disappoint-
CULTURE NEWS
the participation of delegates from all
ment, joy and sadness in a simple, direct
the cities that the poet visited. NHK is
style. Her references to hamburger
On the Road. 300 years ago, in the late
preparing a series on his travels and an
shops, frisbees and ballparks, add a
spring of 1689, the poet and essayist,
international haiku contest and confer-
touch of humor and bring up-to-date a
Matsuo Bashō (1644-1694) set off on his
ence. In Soka, Saitama Prefecture, 1,200
poetic form that goes back to the literary
longest journey through Japan. He
attended a five-day symposium on the
games of Heian court life.
covered 2,500 kilometers in 156 days
poet, which featured a lecture by Prof.
Here are just a few of my favorites:
and wrote about his experiences in Oku
Donald Keene.
"Grieve with me-/the sureness of
no Hosomichi (The Narrow Road to the
your touch catching frisbees/is missing
Deep North). The travelog, which con-
Our Salad Anniversary. This spring,
in this romance."
tains some of Basho's best haiku, is
Kodansha International will publish
"Like getting up to leave a hamburger
acknowledged to be the climax of his
Juliet Winters Carpenter's translation of
place-that's how I'll leave/that man."
literary career and a landmark in the
Tawara Machi's bestselling book of
"Call again' you say, and hang up-/I
history of the Japanese poetic diary
poetry, Sarada Kinenbi, under the title
want to call again/right now."
form.
Our Salad Anniversary.
Juliet Winters Carpenter's previously
Many of the cities through which
Sarada Kinenbi consists of tanka
published translations include Masks by
Basho traveled on his journey to the
poems (5-7-5-7-7 syllables), inspired by
Fumiko Enchi and The Ark Sakura and
"Deep North" have held events to
incidents in Tawara Machi's daily life.
Secret Rendez-Vouz by Abe Kobo.
commemorate the poet's visit. In Sen-
Their appeal is universal. The poems do
dai, a department store organized a
not contain the esoteric references to the
Basho exhibition and a Basho sympo-
From Our Salad Anniversary by Juliet
Japanese classics like The Tale of Genji
Winters Carpenter, published by Kodansha
sium. Yamagata Prefecture is planning
or philosophies that make other collec-
International Ltd. Copyright 1989. Reprinted
the Oku no Hosomichi Museum. In
tions of Japanese verse impenetrably
by permission. All rights reserved.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
25
NEW GLOBALISM: The Asian-Pacific Economy
ECONOMY
Pacific Strategies
1980s were boom years for the economies
region. In order to calculate the mutual
indispensable to ensure the stabilization
of East Asia, particularly for the NIEs
dependence coefficient of two countries,
of international financial markets.
and the member countries of ASEAN. In
we take the sum of all trade between
direct contrast, many industrialized
them and divide it by their GNPs. This
DEFLATING MODEL How will these
nations were troubled by growing exter-
provides an index of how large their
changes in the U.S. economy affect the
nal trade imbalances. Two of the NIEs,
mutual dependence is in relation to the
Asian-Pacific region? The economic
South Korea and Taiwan, were firmly
scale of their economies. By using this
mechanisms that will come into play will
established as world-class industrial pro-
index it is clear that as far as demand is
be opposed to those of the early 1980s,
duction bases by the mid-80s. The
concerned, an increase of the mutual
and we can anticipate a deflationary
present vitality and potential of the
dependence coefficients of the econo-
effect. But exactly how strong will this
Asian-Pacific economy have attracted a
mies around the Pacific Rim has meant
effect be?
great deal of scholarly and journalistic
nothing more than their increased de-
Table 2 gives the percentage drop in
interest. However, as Heizō Takenaka
pendence on the U.S. economy. The
the economic growth rates of the coun-
contends, there is still a need for more
table also shows that there has been a
tries in the Asian-Pacific region if U.S.
detailed research if we are fully to
small increase in the mutual dependence
GNP were to fall by 2%. The calcula-
understand the mechanisms of the Asian-
coefficients of Japan and other Asian
tions were made using simulation analy-
Pacific economy and prepare for its
nations during the 1980s. The Republic
sis on our small-scale world model. The
future.
of Korea, on the other hand, has made
first effect would be a one percentage
great strides in developing ties with
point drop in the growth of Japanese
BY HEIZO TAKENAKA
several countries in ASEAN.
GNP. As both the U.S. and Japanese
economies shrank, the deflationary im-
would like to begin with a survey of
DEFICIT FINANCING In the first half of the
pact on Asia would become more
the supply and demand structure of
1980s the Asian-Pacific region was able
pronounced. In concrete terms, this
the Asian-Pacific economy over the past
to achieve strong export-led economic
would mean a 4.6% drop for the GNP of
few years. Any discussion of an ad-
growth. This was a result of the accumu-
South Korea, which sends 40% of its
vanced economy such as the United
lation of capital and technological im-
exports to the U.S. and 11% to Japan.
States will focus on effective demand.
provements that strengthened the sup-
Malaysia would lose 4.4%, as two-thirds
When we look at the developing nations,
ply side of the NIEs and
which are struggling to initiate economic
ASEAN economies. How-
TABLE 1 INTERDEPENDENCE COEFFICIENTS (%)
development, supply becomes the focal
ever, looking at the demand
point. There are some exceptions to the
side, we can see that this
1981
1986
rule. In some developing economies-
growth was dependent on
U.S. JAPAN
1.44
1.76
the NIEs and ASEAN nations-indus-
increased exports to the
U.S. - SOUTH KOREA
0.35
0.47
trialization is now well-advanced, and
U.S. In 1987, Japan ac-
U.S. - MALAYSIA
0.10
problems on the demand side also merit
counted for 40% of the U.S.
0.10
full treatment.
trade deficit, the NIEs for
JAPAN - SOUTH KOREA
0.73
0.78
Professor Toshio Watanabe of the
20%, and the ASEAN na-
JAPAN - MALAYSIA
0.41
0.24
Tokyo Institute of Technology gives the
tions for a further 5%. Al-
SOUTH KOREA MALAYSIA
0.66
0.78
following analysis of the basic supply
though the U.S. trade deficit
and demand structure of the Asian-
as a whole is shrinking, the NIEs' share
of its exports go to Japan, America and
Pacific economy. Japan has supplied the
is still growing. In the light of this
the NIEs. A similar trend would be
area (particularly the NIEs and ASEAN
conclusion, we must admit that the
observed in the other countries of the
countries) with capital and intermediate
development of the Asian-Pacific econ-
region.
goods. This involved technology trans-
omy has been on the back of expanded
However, if we assume a basic scenar-
fers to the region that increased its
external trade imbalances in the U.S.
io of policy coordination among the
competitiveness and strengthened the
and other advanced nations.
major economies of the region, we could
supply side of its economies. The NIEs
Everyone knows that economic ex-
expect an expansion of Japanese domes-
and ASEAN nations used the goods and
pansion dependent solely on American
tic demand. Figures for the effect of a 2%
technology provided by Japan to devel-
demand cannot be sustained. Even
growth of Japanese GNP are also given
op their manufacturing bases. Almost all
though the American deficit is shrink-
in Table 2. An expanded Japanese GNP
their exports were destined for the
ing, it is still projected to reach $140
would have absolutely no effect on the
United States. As Professor Watanabe
billion this year, making it likely that
U.S. economy. However, the impact on
so succinctly described the situation,
America's foreign debt will reach $1
other Asian countries would be signifi-
Japan has been the "supplier" and the
trillion within the next few years. It will
cant. The principal beneficiaries would
U.S. "the absorber."
therefore be necessary for the federal
be South Korea and Malaysia, two
A more detailed analysis of the
government to adopt a wide variety of
countries with high dependence rates on
demand side of the relationships among
policy initiatives to reduce its foreign
Japan. But it is also clear that it would be
the Asian-Pacific countries appears in
debt. These might include a reduction in
impossible for Japan to absorb all the
Table 1. This charts the changes during
overall demand, raising the rate of
imports released by the contraction of
the 1980s in the mutual dependence
savings, and adjustments to the ex-
U.S. demand. Japan's economy is still
coefficients of the economies of the
change rate. These measures will be
only two-thirds the size of the American
26
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
economy. Although Japan's economy is
in the process of being reformed, its
TABLE 2 THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN U.S. AND JAPANESE GNP'S
structure is such that an expansion of
81 - 86
2% DECLINE IN
2% INCREASE IN
GNP may not necessarily lead to a large
AVERAGE
U.S. GNP
JAPANESE GNP
enough increase in imports. Without
GROWTH RATE
further major structural adjustments, no
U.S.
2.0%
+0.1%
2.6%
matter how much Japan increases its
domestic demand, it will not be able to
JAPAN
1.0
+2.0
3.7
take America's place as the "absorber."
SOUTH KOREA
-4.6
+1.0
8.3
SINGAPORE
-3.4
+2.0
5.3
NEEDY NIES It is true that the past few
INDONESIA
-1.4
+1.2
4.3
years have witnessed a dramatic expan-
MALAYSIA
-4.4
+2.4
4.4
sion of Japanese imports, mostly of
THAILAND
2.6
+0.4
4.7
manufactured goods from countries in
the Asian-Pacific region. The entry into
Source: Takenaka, H and Chida, R. "Economic Interdependence in the
Pacific Region: A Quantitative Analysis Using Export Functions.
The deflationary impact of a
extremely serious repercussions. In or-
lished in six months time).
der to counter these, the Japanese
The political and economic system of
contracting American
government must push through internal
the world is coming under review. On
economy may have
economic reform, including a decisive
the positive side, we see the creation of
relaxation of current trade restrictions.
an open European market in 1992,
extremely serious
negotiations for a free-trade agreement
repercussions. In order to
GREAT EXPECTATIONS This is a time of
between Canada and the U.S. and a new
great expectations and great anxieties
round of GATT talks as counterbalances
counter these, the Japanese
for the Asian-Pacific region. The Ja-
to protectionist moves like the U.S.
government must push
panese government has finally begun a
Omnibus Trade & Competitiveness Act.
through internal economic
full-scale study to review its relation-
In Japan, the debate about the future of
ships with the other countries of the
the Asian-Pacific region has begun in
reform, including a decisive
area and decide the future policies it
earnest.
relaxation of current trade
should adopt towards them. The pro-
restrictions.
ject, begun in September under the
auspices of the Ministry of Finance and
Note: This article originally appeared in the
the Foundation for Advanced Informa-
October 11 edition of the Japanese journal,
Ekonomisto, under the title "What Will
tion and Research (FAIR), involves the
Happen to East Asia When the U.S. Economy
cooperation of the Ministries of Fo-
Rebuilds?" The original article has been
the Japanese market by NIEs' products
reign Affairs, International Trade and
edited for publication and some additions
has been particularly noticeable. But at
Industry, and Agriculture, Forestry and
have been made.
present, this is based on little more than
Fisheries. 50 leading specialists will
the high value of the yen. It will be
submit semi-annual advisory policy-
The author, an associate professor at Osaka Univer-
extremely interesting to see just how
reports over the next three years (an
sity, is a regular contributor to our Economic
well Japan can function as an "absor-
interim report is expected to be pub-
Viewpoints column.
ber" over the mid-term. Even if it can
assume this function, Japan faces a
difficult task if it has to sustain the stable
By AKIHIKO TANAKA, Professor of the
economic blocs.
expansion of the Asian-Pacific econo-
University of Tokyo.
mies single-handed.
I believe the world economic system is
By MAKOTO SAKURAI, Senior Econo-
The Asian-Pacific economic expan-
undergoing a fundamental process of
mist of the Export-Import Bank of Japan
sion of the 1980s was based on imbal-
change. Two contradictory trends have
Japanese imports have been com-
ance made possible by expanding U.S.
emerged. The first promotes economic
pletely restructured in the past two and
trade deficits. The present situation has
liberalization and the second negates it by
a half years. Few Japanese could have
many similarities to the growth of the
increasing regional isolationism. The
predicted these changes when the Mae-
Japanese economy during the Korean
Uruguay Round of the GATT talks is now
kawa Report was published in 1986.
war when "special demand" put the
underway. Its successful outcome will
The rapid growth of the NIEs, ASEAN,
country on the road to industrial de-
lead to the expansion of the trade in
and Chinese economies since 1985
velopment. Today's "special demand"
services and the establishment of a frame-
have also been unexpected develop-
is the U.S. fiscal deficit. It has generally
work for the protection of intellectual
ments. Therefore, we run the risk of
been the case that these kinds of
property rights. On the flipside of the
reaching erroneous conclusions if we
international trade imbalances bring
coin, the EC is preparing for market
try to predict the future course of the
about economic development. It would
integration in 1992 and the U.S. and
Asian-Pacific economy on the basis of
be rather unrealistic for us to expect the
Canada have concluded a free-trade
past statistical data. We have reached a
well-balanced growth envisioned by the
agreement. These moves may not neces-
turning point in the history of the
theories of the neoclassical school of
sarily reflect the formation of economic
world's political and economic systems.
economists. Japan's problem is how to
blocs but they are a cause for concern in
I believe that the MOF/FAIR project's
ensure the development of the Asian
Japan. One of the main objectives of the
study of the Asian-Pacific economy
economies. As our simulation analysis
MOF/FAIR project is to study the
and its future evolution will provide a
shows, the task will not be an easy one,
implications of these two contradictory
solid foundation for Japan's efforts to
and the deflationary impact of a con-
trends and to prevent the worse-case
review its relations with the other
tracting American economy may have
scenario-the formation of regional
countries of the region.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
27
OVERSEAS INVESTMENT: Metek Kitamura Co., Ltd.
ECONOMY
Beating the Yen
The rising yen has been a mounting
nary stages: "As long as we're doing it,
The merits of overseas production
problem for most corporations in Japan.
we might as well do it right. There's no
became apparent only in recent years.
Yet, some companies with the proper
sense in being half-banked." In Novem-
The wages in Singapore before the yen
foresight have managed to stay ahead of
ber 1977, Singapore Kitamura Indus-
began to skyrocket were 85% of those in
the rest by establishing foreign subsidiar-
trial Pte, Ltd. was established. It started
the Japanese plant. President Kitamura
ies. METEK KITAMURA CO. LTD.
operations in July 1979, when foreign
commented, "With that small a differ-
known as Kitamura Mekki until this year
subsidiaries of small Japanese firms
ence, you're left with virtually nothing if
was one of them. Here, we relate the
were rare, and got off to a good start. The
somebody botches up." The percentage
history of its expansion overseas.
five years that the Kitamura corporation
of goods manufactured in Japan was
spent giving technical assistance were an
actually rising slowly when the Singa-
BY TAKASHI HATCHIYA
invaluable time that allowed it to get a
pore plant was first established and only
feel for the country and to hire good
stopped increasing in 1985 when the yen
T
HE skyrocketing yen has convinced
personnel.
began to strengthen, making wages in
smaller businesses to expand over-
Singapore equivalent to half of those in
seas-particularly into Southeast Asia.
SAVING ON SILVER There were several
Japan. The merits of local production
Corporations can lower labor and pro-
technical innovations that gave Metek
began to make themselves felt. President
duction costs by setting up foreign
Kitamura the confidence to move over-
Kitamura noted that Japanese compan-
subsidiaries that supply inexpensive
seas. In 1975, it developed a much-lauded
ies did everything they could to lower
parts and intermediate goods. Origin-
"continuous feed partial plating device"
costs after 1985. Their extra efforts
ally, some companies expanded over-
that strategically plated the minimum
created a spirit of solidarity among them
seas on their own initiative because they
required amount of silver onto objects,
on various levels.
believed that internationalization was
cutting waste and production costs.
inevitable and wanted a share of future
Kitamura then succeeded in automating
GETTING AHEAD Things have gone
profits before it was too late, yet most
the joining and moving of lead frames,
smoothly for Metek Kitamura in its
that relocated did so at the request of
economizing on the silver and manpower
ventures abroad, but like most busi-
their parent corporations. Metek Kita-
required to do the work. The company
nesses-and small businesses in particu-
mura, a semiconductor plating and lead
expanded rapidly by targeting the high-
lar-it has found it difficult to find good
frame company, headquartered in Kyo-
growth semiconductor industry.
workers. The general manager of Singa-
to and led by President Shigekazu
Once things were running smoothly in
pore Kitamura Industrial Pte, Ltd. is a
Kitamura-like most of the other com-
Singapore, Kitamura decided to set up
native of Singapore, and the president of
panies that moved in the last ten years—
operations in Malaysia. In December
Kitako Electronics is a Chinese who
has been very successful.
1985, the Kitako Electronics Malaysia
speaks fluent Japanese. Yet, the cor-
Metek Kitamura went to Singapore in
Sdn Bhd. plant was built and started
poration maintains a management style
1973 at the request of the Ishizaki Press
manufacturing in October 1986. When
that is thoroughly Japanese.
Industries. Its engineers supervised tin
the yen appreciated drastically in 1986,
An example of this is seen in Kita-
plating during their first five years there,
Kitamura was well ahead of the pack.
mura's system for promoting employees.
at a time when the major semiconductor
Metek Kitamura moved into Malay-
One of the plant supervisors quit about
manufacturers-Hitachi. NEC and To-
sia because its management had realized
five years ago, and the general manager,
shiba-were also setting up operations
that it could not break into foreign
following local custom, tried to hire
in the country. President Kitamura
markets with just a Singapore plant.
from outside the company. President
stressed quality during these prelimi-
Kitako Electronics Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
Kitamura, however, insisted that the
barely broke even when it
new supervisor be selected from among
first started, but now it has
the workers. In Singapore, workers do
become successful, enabling
not become supervisors, and the super-
Kitamura to control 50% of
visors complained that they could not
the market for goods pro-
work with the man. Kitamura took it
duced by Japanese compan-
upon himself to convince the employees
ies with plants in both
that things could work the Japanese way.
Singapore and Malaysia. Ki-
He told them: "If someone works hard,
tamura has now increased
he should become a supervisor. The
its business with its foreign
supervisors should also have the chance
subsidiaries. One of its ma-
to become managers, engineers or direc-
jor products is a semicon-
tors." The employees finally agreed to
ductor manufactured by sol-
the change. This way of doing things is
der planing, a process that is
perhaps one of the secrets to Kitamura's
not cost effective unless con-
success.
ducted overseas. Approxi-
mately 90% of these semi-
The author is a reporter of the political-economic
conductors are now manu-
division of The Daily Industrial News, a publication that
Giving Employees a Chance to Work Their Way to the
factured in the overseas
he joined after graduating from Keio University. He
Top: The Japanese Way
factories.
has been at his current post since 1987.
28
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
LOCAL REVITALIZATION: Cooperation With the Hoppoken
The Northern Star
BUSINESS
Hokkaido is in the forefront of Japan's
chase-in 1521, which won
efforts to internationalize with its promo-
Sweden its independence.
Hokkaido
tion of cooperative projects with the
The Asahikawa Competi-
countries of the hoppoken region.
tion has become a major
event, attracting about
BY KAZUHIKO KAWASAKI
13,000 participants every
year.
H
OKKAIDO is a place unlike any
The development of Hok-
other in Japan. When colonization
kaido's potential as a major
began some 120 years ago, the island
center for domestic and
had only 60,000 inhabitants. Since then,
overseas tourism is under-
the population has grown to 5.7 million.
way. Large holiday resorts
I too felt the draw of the place and
are being built in Tomamu,
decided to move there in April last year
Sapporo and Sorachi in col-
after a 15-year stay in Stockholm. I had
laboration with western
no trouble in adjusting to my new sur-
firms (see p.13 of our Sep-
roundings and did not experience the
tember issue). The tourist
culture shock I had anticipated. Hokkai-
industry will be one of Hok-
do's attractions are its climate, topo-
kaido's key industries in the
graphy and the mentality of its people,
next century, and is already
more specifically the snow, space, and
a driving force for the local
open-mindedness that remind me of
economy.
Northern Europe.
The Swedish Center was
If we bear in mind the island's long
established in 1986 in To-
history of foreign contacts, it comes as
betsu in suburban Sapporo
no surprise to learn that the people of
to promote economic and
Hokkaido have been working with the
cultural exchanges with
countries that make up the hoppoken
Sweden. The houses sur-
(the northern regions) for over 20
rounding the center were
years. The term "hoppoken" was coin-
directly imported from Swe-
ed to describe the climatic zone that
den, creating an authenti-
includes Hokkaido, Scandinavia, Nor-
cally Scandinavian atmos-
thern Europe, Siberia, Northeast
phere. Swedish instructors
YOMIURI SHIMBUN
China, Canada and the Northern U.S.
teach design at the center's
Cultural and economic exchanges with
glass blowing and furniture
In Praise of Northern Gods
these areas made rapid progress after
workshops and other activi-
the Northern Regions Center was es-
ties include publishing, seminars and
kaido. A 24-hour international cargo
tablished in 1978.
conferences on the work of the Swedish
terminal will soon be finished at Sappo-
Imports of building materials to Japan
Society, and folk-dancing, concerts and
ro's New Chitose Airport. The plans for a
are increasing rapidly. Since my return
art shows from Sweden.
linear passenger train service that would
to Japan, I have seen houses with
cut the traveling time for the 45 km trip
Swedish and Canadian designs all over
HOKKAIDO AND THE WORLD As an "inter-
between the airport and downtown
the country. According to an importer of
national city," Sapporo is expanding its
Sapporo to only eight minutes are under
Swedish doors, 70% of their products go
global network through sister-city pro-
discussion. The Hokkaido International
to Hokkaido. With a larger population
grams designed to promote "multi-
Medical & Industrial Complex Project
than Norway or Finland, the island is an
dimensional exchanges." Events that
(HIMEX), a new city under construction
attractive market for foreign companies.
have taken place so far are the world's
on the outskirts of Sapporo, will be home
One such firm, Novo Biochemicals Inc.,
largest snow festival, the Sapporo Inter-
to 100,000 people, and will center on a re-
a world-famous Danish company, open-
national Communications Plaza, open-
search complex and medical facilities for
ed a production facility in Ishikariwan
ed in 1987, and the Northern Inter-City
the development and implantation of
Shinko in the suburbs of Sapporo in
Conference, which the city has hosted
artificial organs. These are just a few of the
1987.
three times. The Hokkaido-Northern
ventures that are giving Hokkaido an
Regions Economic Exchange Associ-
increasingly important role in the inter-
SNOWY PROSPECTS The city of Asahika-
ation (NOREX) was founded in 1983 to
nationalization of Japan.
wa regularly hosts the Asahikawa Inter-
promote exchanges between Hokkaido
national Vasa Skiing Competition, in-
and other countries in the northern
The author is an associate professor at Hokkaido
spired by the Vasaloppet Competition
regions. NOREX plans to exhibit at a
Tokai University's Research Institute for Higher
that has been an annual event in Sweden
trade fair to be held in Umeå in
Education Programs. He joined JETRO after graduat-
since 1922. The competition commemo-
ing from Shiga University, and served as the director
Northern Sweden this August.
of its Stockholm office. His publications include A New
rates King Gustav Vasa's victory against
There are many other large-scale
Start for Japan-Sweden Relations (1988). He was
the Danes-after an 87-kilometer ski
international projects underway in Hok-
born in 1947.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
29
JAPANESE IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Yoshitaka Kurihara
PEOPLE
Pilot of the Airwaves
This seventh article in our series on
in the field of technical cooperation to
regarded as a crucial meeting before the
Japanese who hold prominent positions in
the developing countries by sending
ITU Plenipotentiary Conference in
international organizations features an
experts and receiving trainees. The ITU
Nice.
interview with Yoshitaka Kurihara, chair-
Association of Japan Inc.-a body with
man of the International Frequency Reg-
no equivalent anywhere else in the
Q: Because of differences in population
istration Board (IFRB) of the Interna-
world-was founded in 1971 to pro-
densities on the planet's surface, the
tional Telecommunication Union (ITU).
mote Japanese contributions to the
orbits of geostationary satellites are
Professor Hiroshi Inose met him during
Union. I can say without reservation
severely restricted. Can you tell us about
the second session of the ITU's World
that Japan's relationship with the ITU
some of the difficulties this causes?
Administrative Radio Conference (WAR-
has been systematized and considerably
A: As you know, the demand for space
C/ORB '88), held in Geneva to plan the
strengthened.
utilization is increasing all the time, but
use of the geostationary satellite orbit for
there is only one geostationary satellite
telecommunications.
Q: Could you tell me about Japan's
orbit. The board's most challenging task
contribution to the WARC/ORB '88?
is to ensure the efficient and equitable
Q: Can you tell us something about the
use of this orbit.
complex structure of the ITU?
A: The ITU is a "union" of 165*
countries. Member states send delegates
to several conferences: the Plenipoten-
tiary Conference, the World Adminis-
trative Radio Conference (WARC), the
However, to put these
World Administrative Telegraph and
principles into practice
Telephone Conference (WATTC), as
well as regional conferences. The Admi-
required the development of
nistrative Council acts for the Plenipo-
specialized computer
tentiary Conference when it is not in
KATSUMI YOSHIDA
planning software. Japan
session, and coordinates and supervises
the activities of the four permanent
offered the conference its
organs of the ITU, which are based in
ORBIT II software and the
Geneva. These are the General Secretar-
YOSHITAKA KURIHARA is chairman of the
iat, the International Frequency Regis-
services of an expert. The
International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) of
tration Board (IFRB), the International
the Geneva-based International Telecommunication
IFRB modified and
Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR)
Union (ITU). He graduated from the University of
Tokyo in 1948 and went on to receive a master's
developed the software after
and the International Telegraph and
Telephone Consultative Committee
degree from Cornell University. He spent most of his
the decision to use it had
career in the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunica-
(CCITT).
tions' Radio Research Laboratories. Between 1975
been confirmed by the
The IFRB is composed of five in-
and 1978, he was director of the Satellite Design
Administrative Council.
dependent board members and a spe-
Group at the National Space Development Agency. In
cialized secretariat. The board's main
1980, he was appointed director-general of the Radio
task is to ensure the operation of as
Research Laboratories. He joined the IFRB in 1982
many radio channels as is practical in
where he is now serving his second term as chairman.
those portions of the spectrum where
He was born in 1923.
You studied in the U.S. soon after the
harmful interference may occur. To do
war and have been working full-time with
so it records and registers member
the ITU since 1982. How has Japan's
countries' frequency assignments and the
A: The first session of the conference
global role changed over the years?
positions of their geostationary satellites,
decided the principles that determine
A: Japan's role has changed in a very
verifying that they are in accordance with
the allotment of radio frequencies and
striking way. Japanese proposals have
the ITU Convention and the Radio
the orbital positions of geostationary
earned the respect of other countries,
Regulations. The IFRB's other duties
telecommunications satellites. How-
particularly in the field of telecommuni-
include providing technical assistance to
ever, to put these principles into practice
cations. The future will see Japan's
the member countries directly or through
required the development of specialized
global contribution expand from giving
conferences and meetings.
computer planning software. Japan
financial, aid to the provision of techno-
offered the conference its ORBIT II
logy and expertise.
Q:
What is Japan's role in the ITU?
software and the services of an expert.
A: There is a great deal of interest in the
The IFRB modified and developed the
HIROSHI INOSE, the interviewer, is the director-
ITU in Japan. Japan sends experts to
software after the decision to use it had
general of the National Center for Science Information
serve as chairmen, vice chairmen and
been confirmed by the Administrative
System and a professor emeritus of the University of
delegates to the ITU's meetings and
Council. This has been one of Japan's
Tokyo.
conferences where a great many Japan-
major contributions to the ITU. I am
ese proposals have been adopted. Japan
happy with the progress that has been
* Editor's Note: As of Oct. 7, 1988 the number
has also made a significant contribution
made at the WARC/ORB '88, which was
of ITU member countries was 166.
30
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
HEART-TO-HEART: Multilateral Aid for Developing Countries
Lending a Helping Hand
PEOPLE
In 1987, the Japanese government desig-
education spending in low-income coun-
CREATING JOBS Adequate employment is
nated October 6 as "International Coop-
tries (except for India and China)
the fourth human resource energizer. But
eration Day" to mark Japan's partici-
dropped from 13.2% to 7.6% of govern-
steadily rising populations pose the threat
pation in the Colombo Plan as a donor
ment spending. If this trend continued,
of massive unemployment. "Without
country in 1954. One of the commemora-
Draper forecast that there would be
work people will continue to lack the
tive events planned for October 6 and 7,
more than one billion illiterates on the
means to purchase the basic necessities of
1988, the "International Symposium on
planet by the end of the century. He
life or invest in their future or their
Development Strategy Toward the 21st
urged all governments to adopt a policy
children's future. Unemployment and
Century in Commemoration of 'Interna-
of "dollars for scholars" to ensure the
under-employment are problems of
tional Cooperation Day' 1988," was
developing nations would be ready for
alarming statistical proportions." In
organized by the Japan International
the 21st century.
order to create jobs in the developing
Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the
world, Draper said, the industrialized
Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund
WEALTH FOR HEALTH Good health is
nations have a responsibility to keep their
(OECF). Here we focus on the address
another essential factor in human
markets open to goods and services
given by the United Nations Development
resource development. Again Draper
produced in low-income countries. He
Program's (UNDP) administrator, Wil-
pointed to some improvements. Life
declared that protectionism was "the
liam H. Draper III.
expectancies are rising in the developing
enemy of development."
countries, but still fall far short of the
The final foundation of human re-
N his address to the two-day sympo-
average of 76 years in the developed
source development that Draper spoke
sium on "Development Strategy
world. "Debilitating malnutrition is a
of was political and economic freedom.
Toward the 21st Century" on October 6,
constant threat to the health of millions.
"People must have a democratic voice
William Draper spoke of "the five
In famine-stricken Africa, agricultural
in their development
and
the
econo-
energizers of human resource develop-
production is growing at 1% a year,
mic freedom to participate in their own
ment": education, health and nutrition,
while population is growing at 3%."
development. The private sector is a
Besides food, Draper added, clean water
potent engine for development." Hu-
1988
and sanitation are also essential.
man capacity, Draper reminded his au-
International
Symposum
Development
Strategy
toward
the
21st
Century
Commemoration
of
International
Cooperation
Day
A lack of clean drinking water and
dience, is the most important resource
on
sanitation plays an important role in the
available to a nation. He said, "Japan has
propagation of disease, another major
little in the way of natural resources, yet it
obstacle to realizing full human poten-
is the fastest growing industrialized
tial. Although more money is needed in
country on Earth. It is through human
this area, he explained that a great deal
creativity, initiative and commitment
could be done by the better management
that true development is achieved."
of existing resources. In this context,
Draper concluded his address by
Draper cited the example of Pakistan.
talking about the future of the UNDP.
"By deferring the construction of an
He advocated the tripling of the agency's
expensive urban hospital for five years,
multilateral aid budget by the year 2000
Pakistan managed to increase immuni-
to enable it to meet the increasingly
Draper Addressing the Symposium
zation coverage for its children from 5%
complex needs of developing countries.
to 75%, saving some 100,000 lives
He closed by putting the following
a high-quality environment, employ-
annually!"
question to his fellow aid workers, "Are
ment and economic freedom. He stress-
Draper's fifth human energizer is a
we failing to impress on the donors the
ed education above the other four, as the
high-quality environment. Yet, in this
importance, efficiency and impartiality
basis of all development and a critical
area, the world is faced by daunting
of the multilateral aid system? The
measure for improvements in the qua-
problems. "Today, about a third of the
problems are increasingly multinational
lity of life. Literacy rates in developing
world's land surface is threatened by
in nature: AIDS, desertification, water
countries have doubled from 30% to
desertification Each year, tropical
pollution and the Afghanistan emergen-
60%, but the "bad news" that Draper
forests covering an area the size of
cy, to name but a few." And addressing
had to bring was that education was
Austria are being slashed and burned for
the governments of the vanced nations,
getting shortchanged at the micro-rural
agricultural production." Our quality of
he asked, "Recognizing the increasing
level as low-income countries struggled
life is also under threat, he reminded the
needs of the least developed countries,
at the macro-level with massive struc-
symposium, by the deterioration of the
the human dimension and the grow-
tural adjustment programs. "Building
ozone layer and other environmental
ing number of critically poor; noting
schools and hiring teachers do not
problems. A high-quality environment
the environmental hazards we face,
generate foreign exchange." He conced-
includes decent housing conditions, and
aware of debt problems and structural
ed, "But there is a critical need to focus
as Draper pointed out, one major area of
adjustment demands; and anticipating
on the long-term future in estimating the
concern is the growth of the Third
new problems such as massive unemploy-
payoff in education." He reminded the
World's giant metropolises. The popula-
ment and the growth of huge urban
participants that Japan's success could
tions of 17 cities in the Third World will
sprawls; should we not start finalizing the
be ascribed to the stress on education
all exceed ten million by the turn of the
plans for the UNDP of tomorrow?"
throughout its history. Unfortunately,
century.
BY ERIC CHALINE
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
31
GOVERNMENT POLICY: White Paper on Industrial Technology
SCI-TECH
Meeting the R&D Challenge
In this article, Professor Chihiro Watan-
RATIO OF GOVERNMENT EXPENSE TO R&D INVESTMENT
most part it lags behind
abe reviews the first Industrial Techno-
high-technology product re-
logy White Paper published by the AIST,
(%)
100
search. The cause of this lag
MITI.
can be seen in the structure
90
of R&D in Japan. The white
BY CHIHIRO WATANABE
80
70.6
paper presents a compre-
70
64.3
a
hensive analysis of 1) invest-
64.9
60.1
T
HE subtitle "The Challenge of
60
57.0
56.2
52.9
53.5
ment in R&D, 2) the recruit-
Technological Innovation to Sup-
51.3
50
49.3
France
47.1
49.0
46.8
ing and training of re-
*
port the 21st Century and Contribute to
48.8
OU.S.
47.4
46.6
U.K.
40
43.7
searchers, 3) research envi-
West Germany
the International Community" sets the
30.8
39.6
30
27.5
ronments and 4) research
tone of the Agency for Industrial Science
25.2
25.8
19.4
support foundations. A com-
and Technology's (AIST) first policy
20
Japan
parison between the ad-
white paper since its establishment in
10
vanced nations of Europe
1948. The AIST (which is part of MITI)
0
and America indicates that
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985 (FY)
published the paper, "Trends and
BASIC RESEARCH RATIO
the lag in basic research is
Future Tasks in Industrial Technology,"
(%)
30
due in part to inadequate
on September 1, 1988 in an attempt to
26.9
public funding. The percen-
present a comprehensive analysis of
25
23.9
tage of R&D costs borne by
industrial technology in Japan, covering
21.4
20.9
20.5
20
19.4
France
West Germany
the Japanese government in
everything from basic research to pro-
18.5
18.7
1986 was 19.4% compared
17.5
duction, including industrial technology
15
13.6
13.6
12.9
to 46.8% in the U.S.
13.1
12.2
levels and trends in R&D.
12.7
10.5
AU.S
The white paper gives the
11.8
11.3
Japan
The fact that the R&D funding of
10
10.7
The Ratio of Government Expenses for Basic Research
Source: AIST
following analysis and as-
major Japanese corporations now ex-
Japan (1986)
West
U.S. (1986)
Germany
(1983)
sessment of the current state
5
ceeds their investments in facilities
Governmental expenses
for "basic research' in
0.10
0.22
0.27
of international technology
proportion to GNP
indicates that current trends in R&D
0
exchange from the perspec-
and technological innovations are hav-
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985 (FY)
tive of 1) technology trans-
ing a profound impact on industrial
fer and introduction, 2)
activity. Technological innovations are
and development in industrial techno-
exchange of researchers, 3) exchange of
advancing more rapidly and are more
logy has reached a transitional stage.
research information and 4) joint re-
complex than ever before. At the same
The emphasis is shifting to improving
search. Although the overall number of
time, the international environment and
fundamental and creative research and
researchers exchanged worldwide is in-
social structures that encompass indus-
encouraging international collaboration.
creasing every year, Japan sends far
trial technology are also undergoing
2) Efforts must be made to increase
more researchers abroad than it re-
dramatic change. The growth of Japan's
substantially Japan's international re-
ceives. This indicates an urgent need to
economy and the improvements in its
search contributions with work in basic
review and improve the facilities for
technological standards are playing a
fields.
hosting foreign researchers in Japan.
major role in these changes. Expert
The white paper contains an evalua-
The white paper also presents a
analyses and assessments are needed to
tion of Japan's industrial technology
comprehensive assessment of industrial
clarify the proper course of industrial
levels, the state of R&D and interna-
technology in Japan in the light of current
technology R&D over the mid- and long-
tional technology exchange. This is
advances on the frontiers of research. The
terms from a global perspective.
based on a survey of more than 2,000
report concludes that the single most
corporations and research centers and
important challenge facing R&D in Japan
CHARTING A COURSE To determine the
covers 134 technologies, including the
is how to take the initiative in introducing
future course of Japan's R&D in indus-
technological levels of 47 existing prod-
"Technical Innovation to Support the
trial technology, the white paper looks at
ucts, of 40 high-tech products and the
21st Century." In order to realize these
current trends and analyzes them from
levels of research in 47 basic technol-
objectives at a more concrete level at the
the standpoint of 1) the historical
ogies.
policy-making and executive stages of
evolution of industrial technology, 2)
both public and private sector R&D, the
the level of industrial technology, the
BEST AND BRIGHTEST The results of the
report gives the following basic guide-
basic conditions of R&D, and the
survey show that the levels of high-tech
lines: 1) increase and improve basic
current state of international technology
products have been improving constant-
research and 2) promote international
exchange, and 3) the latest advances in
ly over the past five years and that about
exchanges and cooperation.
R&D that indicate future trends.
90% of the products surveyed-fine
The theme of meeting "The Challenge
ceramics, semiconductor RAM devices,
The author is a professor at Saitama University's
of Technological Innovation to Support
VCRs, bio-technology products and op-
Graduate School of Policy Science. After graduating
from the University of Tokyo in 1968, he began his
the 21st Century and Contribute to the
tical fibers-have reached world-class
career with MITI. He was formerly director of
International Community" can be given
standards or are close to attaining them.
technology research and information at the Ministry's
the following summary:
Research in some basic technologies
Agency for Industrial Science and Technology. He was
1) An awareness that Japan's research
matches these standards, but for the
born in 1944.
32
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
DATA BOX
Center's main activities are apportion-
ing grants and finding housing for the
foreign researchers.
SCI-TECH/NEW PRODUCTS NEWS
Big Lab in Tokyo Last October, the
Your Country or Mine? The Japan
International Superconductivity Tech-
International Science and Technology
nology Center (ISTEC)-a research in-
YOMIURI SHIMBUN
Exchange Center in Tsuchiura in Ibaraki
stitution sponsored by industry, govern-
Prefecture was established last Septem-
ment and universities-opened the Su-
ber by the Union of Japan Scientists and
perconductivity Research Laboratory
Luminous Silicon Silicon-found in the
Engineers to promote internationalism.
in Kōtō Ward, Tokyo. 100 top-notch
earth's crust-has long been sought after
The Science and Technology Agency
researchers will be hired for this labor-
for state-of-the-art technologies like
(STA) is inviting foreign researchers to
atory, headed by Shōji Tanaka, a pro-
computers and integrated circuits (IC).
work in Japanese laboratories, institu-
fessor emeritus of the University of
Recently, Professor Tatsuro Misato and
tions and universities. The STA's Inter-
Tokyo and one of the world's leading
his team at Kyüshü Engineering Univer-
national Basic Research Program will
scientists in superconductivity. A
sity were the first to succeed in produc-
award grants to researchers under 35
spokesman said that the ISTEC's labor-
ing chemically-treated silicon particles
years of age from the U.S. and Europe
atory is now the largest nucleus for
that give off red light at room tempera-
for periods of six months to two years.
superconductivity research in the
ture. This photon-emitting silicon will
Successful applicants will be given
world. The University of Houston in
have many applications and encourage
allowances for food, housing, family
the U.S. is a close second with about
future development of optical electron-
expenses and setting up house. The
75 researchers.
ics.
Fast Ship Sumitomo Heavy Indus-
tons of cargo-ten times the capacity
tries announced last August that
of a jumbo jet. Sumitomo began
it will construct a superconduc-
developing superconductive motors for
tive motor-powered container
ships in 1979 in collaboration with the
ship that can cross the
Japan Marine Engine Development
Pacific at the speed of 50
Association and Yokohama National
knots, reaching San
University. A spokesman for Sumi-
Francisco from Tokyo
tomo said that the ship when complet-
in just four days; it will
ed will be 200 meters long and 24
also be able to carry 2,000
meters wide.
Those Who Can't Walk Can Now Drive
¥1,589,000 ($12,740) and the "dual-
remind business people of important
Last May, Toyota Motor Corporation
axle pedal" car costs ¥1,516,000
meetings and appointments without
developed two versions of the Carina
($12,154).
disturbing others in the room with the
Sedan SG extra (18,000 cc) for the
noises emitted by conventional watches
handicapped. One is the "friendomatic"
Waking Up With a Bean Hattori Seiko
or pocket alarms. This clock, powered
car, which has an accelerator and brakes
has introduced a new soybean-shaped
by four AA batteries, is priced at ¥3,500
on the side of the steering wheel,
alarm clock-the Seiko Vib Travel-
($28).
enabling people with disabilities in both
that makes no sound
legs to drive by using only their hands.
at all. This 15-mm-
The other car features a "dual-axle
long bean, placed
pedal" system with a double accelerator,
under the slee-
for people with use of only one leg.
per's head, wakes
These two cars-which represent signif-
him by vibrating and
icant improvements over the Carina
jumping for one minute. A dozing
Sedan developed in 1981, the Interna-
passenger can put this 40-gram bean in
tional Year of the Handicapped-were
his pocket or bag during long train rides
placed on the market last October.
and set it to wake him up before his stop.
The "friendomatic" car is priced at
This silent alarm may also be used to
Headphones for the Rich Sony Co. has
introduced "ultimate quality" head-
phones last December. The MDR-R10
model, weighing 350 grams, features a
bio-cellulose speaker tympanum, de-
veloped in collaboration with Ajino-
moto and MITI's Research Institute for
Polymers and Textiles; sheep-skin ear-
pads; and a zelkova exterior housing
the speaker mechanisms. Priced at
¥ 360,000 ($2,886), this is the most
expensive pair of headphones in the
world.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
33
COMPUTER SCIENCE: "Fuzzy" Logic
SCI-TECH
Coming to Grips with Tofu
"Fuzzy" logic used to mean confused
Takeshi Yamakawa.
system, which uses "fuzzy" logic to give
thinking; today it is one of the latest and
How does the robot do it? Its hand
investment advice to the company's
most advanced forms of logic for the next
control system uses inferences based on
customers.
generation of computers.
"fuzzy" logic. By replacing numerical
The system, called "Integrative Ex-
values with linguistic ones like "negative
pert System" (IES), can make the best
large, medium and small" and "positive
use of the massive amount of data on
KUNIKO SUGA is a freelance writer
large" the robot is able to make judg-
securities and investments amassed over
and nature photographer. After gra-
ments like "If the object is not very hard,
the years by the company. It gives users
duating from Tokyo Gakugei Univer-
then pick it up with medium force."
advice on when to buy or sell stocks. The
sity in 1980, she worked for McGraw
After the operator makes the adjust-
test results so far have been so promising
Hill, Japan for three years. She was
born in 1957.
ments for the weight, hardness and
that the company may be tempted to say
texture of each material, the robot can
that it is "Good, but too good for the
pick up and hold objects as diverse as a
customers!" Professor Sugeno adds that
coke can, tofu and the cellophane
"fuzzy" expert systems will enhance
wrappings of a cigarette pack.
existing financial computer systems by
T
OFU is a familiar item on the
their flexible use of a database compiled
menus of weight watchers the world
FUZZY FLIPS Professor Yamakawa pro-
by hundreds of human experts.
over. Picking up this soft, slippery and
duced his original "fuzzy" inference
crumbly foodstuff can be a challenge
controller as an analog circuit, which
FUZZY MECCA Hitachi Co. announced a
even for human fingers. How much
OMRON commercialized as their "FZ-
new "fuzzy" application on October 25,
force should one apply to lift it without
1000." The latest "fuzzy" controller on
1988. Its new speech-recognition sys-
breaking it? Fortunately, the dieter's
a chip can make one million FLIPS
tem, which combines "fuzzy" logic and
experience and intuition allow him to
(fuzzy logical inferences per second).
a neural network, can recognize up to
adjust the pressure of his fingers and lift
Yamakawa has christened the new chip
70% of the vocalized sounds unidentifi-
a piece of tofu without mishap. Can a
the "sixth generation computer."
able by the previous pattern-matching
robot hand perform the necessary ad-
The "machine-meets-beancurd" de-
method.
justments and do the same? Until
monstration at the workshop's interna-
MITI is planning to open LIFE, the
recently the answer to this question has
tional video session was broadcast to
Laboratory of International Fuzzy Engi-
been "No" or "With the greatest diffi-
NASA's Johnson Space Center. NASA
neering, in 1989. Two further "fuzzy"
culty." Judging how to pick up and hold
responded by sending a message to
institutes are on the drawing board; they
this fragile substance involved too many
Yamakawa which read, "Congratula-
will make Japan the mecca for "fuzzy"
variables for a computer to handle in a
tions on a job well done."
research. But "fuzzy" logic is not a
reasonable amount of time.
"Fuzzy" systems-in subway opera-
native Japanese creation. The idea first
Last summer, however, a robot that
tions systems, elevators and shower
appeared in the U.S., in a paper entitled
can pick up tofu-as well as a human
thermostats, to name only three of more
"Fuzzy Sets," written by Professor L.A.
can-was demonstrated at the Interna-
than 100 applications-are already
Zadeh of the University of Berkeley's
tional Workshop on Fuzzy Systems
widely used throughout Japan. New
Computer Science Division. Why has it
Applications held at the Kyüshü Insti-
applications might be in economics and
taken off in Japan and not in the U.S.?
tute of Technology in lizuka City,
finance, medical diagnosis, marketing,
Some point to the differences between
Fukuoka Prefecture. The brains behind
psychology and agriculture. Yamaichi
Japanese and American thought pro-
this new robot system were the OMRON
Securities Co., Ltd. and Professor Mi-
cesses, or between modern and post-
Tateisi Corp. research team working
chio Sugeno of the Tokyo Institute of
modern scientific approaches. Professor
with Kumamoto University's Professor
Technology are developing an expert
Sugeno's view is that "fuzzism" con-
flicts with modern western rationalism
and turns western researchers off from
doing "fuzzy" research.
Professor Sugeno will not comment
on what will come of all this "fuzzy"
thinking in the future. But Japanese
philosophers and historians are very
interested in the new logic as the
possible basis of a new scientific meth-
odology. Professor Sugeno says that
"fuzzy" logic is the first manmade
system that can handle the ambiguities
and intricacies of human language. He
believes that it will be a vital part of the
science of the future-a science that
takes into account the human element
and its own brand of "fuzzism."
Machine Meets Beancurd
34
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
One world through C&C.
Today's technology and tomorrow's dreams are being
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put together with NEC's unique C&C, computer and
to bring people closer together. Making offices more
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help get the job done faster. And adding new conven-
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ience and enjoyment to the home.
It's what makes NEC an important part of your life.
That's how NEC is helping bring together the colorful
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tions, computers, electron devices, and home electronics.
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Computers and Communications
INVITATION TO UNIQUE MUSEUMS: Museological Considerations
SCI-TECH
Collected Works
Our new series on Japan's unique ти-
to the latest developments in western
seums leads off with an introductory
science and technology. This awareness
article by Professor Yūji Kato, one of
helped the new imperial government,
Japan's leading museologists.
which took over from the Shogunate in
1868, to pursue its policy of "enriching
YŪJI KATO is professor of museo-
the country and strengthening the army"
logy at Kokugakuin University and
by creating a "productive industry." To
director of its Archeology Museum.
educate the public about industrial
After graduating from Kokugakuin
University in 1957, he worked for the
developments, the government began to
Japan Fuel Association. He joined the
staff of his alma mater's Archeology
KATSUMI YOSHIDA
introduce the western idea of museums
to Japan. In 1872, Japan's first museum
Museum in 1960 and assumed its
was opened in a temple at Ochanomizu
directorship in 1977. He was born in
in Tokyo. Today it is the Tokyo
1932.
The Tokyo National Museum
National Museum. The Educational
Museum, which opened its doors in
T
HE Mouseion, built three centuries
changes brought about by the Industrial
1875 and is now the National Science
before the birth of Christ in Alexan-
Revolution, were places where the pub-
Museum, was built with the express
dria, the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt, is
lic could be "edified" by looking at
purpose of contributing to the develop-
thought to have been the world's first
exhibits. This remains their purpose to
ment of scientific education.
museum, art gallery, civic hall and
this day.
university. The building, which was
There was no Mouseion in Heian
consecrated as a shrine to the Muses, the
Japan, but collections of works of art
patron goddesses of the arts and
and artifacts were amassed by private
sciences, hosted public exhibitions, lec-
collectors and in the treasuries of
tures and debates. The latinized form of
Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines.
the word "museum" is now used the
Museums like those in the West had to
world over to describe establishments
wait the passing of the feudal age and the
housing a wide variety of exhibits.
coming industrialization during the
The search for knowledge, which has
Meiji period.
been a central part of the Western
European cultural tradition since the
ENRICHING THE COUNTRY In 1867, the
Renaissance, has given the museum an
Japanese government ended its isola-
important role in scientific and cultural
tionist policies and allowed its citizens
education in Europe. The modern mu-
to participate in the Exposition Univer-
seums, which emerged in the 19th
selle held in Paris. As if waking from a
century as a result of the structural
250-year sleep, the country was exposed
Looking for Enlightenment
During the Taishõ period (1912-1925)
the stress was on community education.
Although there were isolated instances
of prefectural governments building
museums, these did not amount to a
nationwide movement. Instead, studies
in local history became popular. Educa-
tion through collections of real artifacts
gave way to learning from printed
materials. The Second World War and
postwar reconstruction prevented any
significant developments of new mu-
seums for many years. The stress in
Japanese culture on reading, writing and
arithmetic, the skills which gave the
country a high literacy rate and a
widespread appreciation of literature,
has not favored the development of
museums.
KYODO
SOCIAL EDUCATION After the Pacific
War, the promotion of social education
Hellenic Culture Gave the World the Mouseion
by the U.S. occupation forces led to
36
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
renewed interest in museums in Japan.
The Museum Law of 1951 set the
Unique Museums in Japan
general guidelines for a healthy develop-
ment of museums, but failed to promote
the most up-to-date ideas in the field.
Museums often became memorial halls
to honor an individual, and many city
Konoha Fossils Museum
2
officials were misled into equating
Oya Stone Museum
3 Lighting Museum
building a museum with acquiring the
4 Gas Museum
status of a "cultural" city. Above all, a
5 Japan Medical Appliances Hall
museum must have a set of goals, a
6 Paper Museum
philosophy and a systematic manage-
1 Daimyo Clock Museum
8 Megro Parasitological Museum
ment program.
9 Tokyo Kite Museum
Over 200 museums and related facili-
10 Shiseidō Art House
ties have been built in Japan. Some are
11 Marine Science Museum & Human
run by the national or regional govern-
Science Museum of Tōkai University
12 Suzuki Soroban Museum
ments, and were established to give
13 Nawa Insect Museum
visitors new opportunities to learn how
14 Naito Museum of Pharmaceutical
their ancestors lived and built the
Science and Technology
community traditions of today. Individ-
15 Sharp Technology Hall
16 Takenaka Co. Tools Hall
uals and companies have also been
17 Japan Footwear Museum
active in the field. A few of their efforts
1
are merely self-indulgent public rela-
3
2
tions exhibits of private collections and
5
corporate materials, but for the most
10
14
12
part their purpose is social education.
16
11
17
The potter Guro Kamiguchi estab-
lished the Daimyō Clock Museum to
display the pieces he had collected over a
lifetime. Other examples are the Tokyo
6
7
Kite Museum, founded by the owner of
8
9
the Tameiken Restaurant, Shingo Mo-
deki, Masayoshi Kanebako's Lighting
Museum, Yasushi Nawa's Insect Mu-
seum and Ryō Kametani's Parasitologi-
cal Museum in Meguro. All are known
for the uniqueness of their collections
and have a clear educational purpose.
tions give the visitor access to the lives
of human society, it has a new defini-
COMPANY MUSEUMS Museums estab-
of other peoples through the exhibition
tion: a museum collects various artifacts
lished by private companies include the
of artifacts. A museum should be a place
and information relating to them, classi-
Gas Museum (Tokyo Gas), the Taken-
that stimulates the curiosity of visitors
fies and preserves them by using scien-
aka Corporation Tools Museum (Taken-
and opens their eyes to unusual aspects
tific techniques, conducts research and
aka Kömuten Co., Ltd.), the Japan
of everyday life through their interac-
keeps the public informed of its find-
Footwear Museum, which Maruyama
tion with the exhibits.
ings.
Co., Ltd. opened to commemorate 100
The discipline of museology (or mu-
People can make use of the informa-
years of geta (wooden clogs) production,
seography) was created to promote the
tion provided by museums to improve
the Naito Museum of Pharmaceutical
establishment of worthwhile museums
their daily lives; they will be able to find
Science and Technology, which was
and maximize their use by the public
inspiration in fine art collections, learn
opened on the 25th anniversary of the
and the academic community. The
about the past from history museums
founding of Eisai Co., Ltd., the Paper
growing worldwide interest in museums
and study the future in science mu-
Museum (Oji Paper Co., Ltd.), the Ōya
is due in part to the efforts of the
seums. A further expansion of the world
Stone Museum, and Tōkai University's
International Council of Museums
network of museums is needed to help
Marine Science Museum and Human
(ICOM), a body organized by UNESCO.
people understand the past and prepare
Science Museum. All of these institu-
Now that the museum is an integral part
for the future.
The National Science Museum:
Learning About the Past
And the Future
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
37
NEW SERVICES: Tremor-Proof Buildings
SCI-TECH
Stilled, Not Shaken
This year, a multitude of earthquakes
analysis and control system that enables
shook the Kanto region of Japan, rocking
it to respond to almost any kind of
homes and office buildings. Japanese
disturbance.
construction companies have responded
The AMD design is not without its
by designing "intelligent" buildings that
drawbacks though. The weights must be
can counteract these disturbances.
approximately one percent of the total
building weight. Five tons of weights
D
URING the summer, several earth-
will be used in the world's first DIB
quakes, ranging in intensity from
weighing 500 tons. Buildings taller than
three to four on the Japanese scale,
100 meters may not be able to support
shook the capital. More than a few of the
the required weights. It seems almost
salarymen and secretaries working in the
meaningless to announce the advent of
skyscrapers in the Marunouchi and
the world's first tremor-proof building
Shinjuku areas said they felt sensations
when the design is effective only for
that resembled the rocking of a ship.
small buildings. There are many skeptics
Most skyscrapers were not built to
in the construction industry who point
withstand the tremors caused by earth-
out, "It sounds more like they are
quakes and strong winds.
announcing that the limit for a tremor-
To solve this problem, Kajima Cor-
proof building is ten stories or 30 meters
poration developed the Active Mass
high."
Driver (AMD), a construction method
that uses computers to help buildings
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE The AMD design
minimize the effects of tremors. Vice
presents major hurdles in application,
President Takuji Kobori of the Kajima
but the six major construction firms—
Corporation said that the AMD, which
Kajima Corporation, Takeuchi Komu-
helps buildings absorb the thrust of the
ten, Taisei Corporation, Shimizu Cor-
seismic movement, is a revolutionary
poration, Ohbayashi Gumi Ltd., and
improvement over conventional con-
Kumagai Gumi Ltd.-are currently re-
struction methods using laminated rub-
searching a tremor-proofing technique
ber.
Not a Mover or a Shaker: An Artist's Rendering
that goes one step beyond the AMD.
The AMD system is made up of
of the Kajima AMD Building
This new technique uses a computer
weights positioned on the roof of a
to control the movements of the metal
building, sensors hooked up to a compu-
with an AMD system in Tokyo's Kyoba-
linking vertical beams and pillars in a
ter, and an actuator to drive the weights.
shi district. Sensors will be positioned in
building-to provide variable stiffness
The sensors, located on the roof, in the
the basement, at the sixth floor and on
and type-seismic control. Just as the
basement and halfway up the building,
the roof, and four- and one-ton weights
human body tenses its muscles to
detect and measure the building's move-
will be installed on the roof. This
support itself when it is caught in a
ments caused by seismic activity or
extremely narrow building-13 meters
powerful wind or a rainstorm, the
strong winds, and send data to the on-
long, four meters wide and 30 meters
building contracts to counteract the
line computer on the roof. The computer
tall-when completed this July, will
force of tremors. This solves the prob-
is programmed to predict the results of
weigh 500 tons and be the first Dynamic
lem of supporting extra weights, but
different combinations of factors: earth-
Intelligent Building (DIB) in the world.
constructing a building several hundreds
quake intensity, cycle length, distance
Alternating layers of natural rubber
of meters tall with this new kind of
from the epicenter and acceleration
and steel-plating in the foundations
design would prove extremely costly and
rates of the seismic activity. The compu-
have been used conventionally to trem-
time-consuming.
ter analyzes earthquakes in real time and
or-proof three- to ten-story buildings.
The tremor-proofing principle behind
commands the actuator to move the
These rubber and steel structures con-
the AMD technique was first presented
weights in directions opposite to the
vert short cycle seismic waves from the
by Kajima Corporation Vice President
building's movements to maintain the
epicenter of the earthquake into long
Takuji Kobori when he was an assistant
balance of the building. Two weights are
cycle waves to reduce the shaking
professor at Kyoto University 30 years
used to move the building on both the
experienced at the top of the building.
ago. Kobori said: "I want to find
north-south and east-west axes. The
But these conventional structures,
solutions to make tremor-proof build-
AMD system is capable of reducing the
which work by amplifying waves, will
ings a reality. This will be my life's
movement generated by earthquakes
actually intensify the damage in earth-
work." President Takeuchi of Takeuchi
with intensities of four or winds blowing
quakes-like the one that devastated
Komuten, Kajima's main competitor,
at 30 meters per second by one-third to
Mexico City in 1985-where long cycle
added: "We are now living in an age in
one-half.
waves shake the soft ground bed. They
which tremor-proofing is indispensable
are also ineffective against tremors
to buildings with more than 30 stories.
WEIGHTY PROBLEM On August 30, 1988,
caused by factors that are not ground-
Tokyo's frequent earthquakes and soft
Kajima Corporation announced that it
related, like strong winds. In contrast,
ground bed keep the demand for tremor-
is building an 11-story office building
the AMD relies on a computer-based
proof buildings high."
38
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
POPULAR CULTURE: Japanese Comics
Manga Mania
CULTURE
In Japan, manga (Japanese comics) are
of the industry. In September of 1988, it
thetic life of a Buddhist acolyte in a
read by people in all walks of life-
noted that a total of 247 different
temple, and manga books for adults on
children and adults. This important
weekly, monthly, and quarterly comics
the Japanese constitution, the fashion
medium, covering everything from action-
magazines were being published regular-
industry and on how to make money on
packed monster and robot adventures to
ly. In addition to magazines for children,
the stock market. As the latter titles
more academic topics like economics or
there were manga in such categories as
suggest, in Japan comics have become
finance, have been translated into English
"Young Men's" (54 titles, for adult
an accepted medium to convey informa-
and are taking new prominence in foreign
males), "Ladies" (39 titles, for adult
tion to adults.
markets. Here, manga expert, Frederik
women), "Lolita/Eros" (15 titles, featur-
Needless to say, in today's world of
Schodt discusses the present trends in
ing soft porn with children and adults),
improved communication, a pheno-
manga and its worldwide appeal.
and "Mahjong" (11 titles, featuring
menon of this scale eventually spreads
stories about this popular pastime). Like
to the rest of the world. Since 1963
FREDERIK L. SCHODT lives in
American cars of the 1960s, size has
(when Osamu Tezuka's work, Tetsuwan
San Francisco, California. He is the
become a big selling point for manga
Atomu (Mighty Atom) was animated
author of the award-winning Manga!
magazines. Coinciding with a flood of
Manga! The World of Japanese Com-
and exported to the U.S. as Astro Boy),
ics, (Kodansha International, 1983)
media specials commemorating the
there have been increasing attempts to
and Inside the Robot Kingdom: Japan,
Seoul Olympics, many of the September
export Japanese manga culture. But it
Mechatronics, and the Coming Robo-
issues were over 500 pages long, and one
was only in the last ten years that they
topia (Kodansha International, 1988).
monthly for girls boasted 718 pages.
have really begun to succeed. Japanese
comics and the animation based upon
popular PASTIME In the Japanese tradi-
them are now enjoyed in one form or
T
HE next time you think of Japan,
tion, stories are first serialized in manga
another in Europe, Southeast Asia,
forget Mt. Fuji, Zen philosophy,
magazines, and if popular, they are
China, and in both South and North
management techniques, and techno-
reissued as a series of paperbacks, or
America.
logy; think of comics. Known as manga,
even hardbacks. In September 1988, my
Until recently, most American comics
they have become one of the most
source notes, there were over 300 titles
fans read only the American-drawn
striking features of contemporary Japan.
published. In addition to the run-of-the-
publications, but now Japanese manga
A national addiction, a permanent
mill stories about sports, samurai, gam-
have become remarkably popular. Let
phenomenon, and a monster medium,
blers, office romances, and school
me give an example. I live in San
Japanese comics now comprise a third
comedies, they included a popular story
Francisco, California but I can buy
of all printed matter. Every year they
for young women, describing the aes-
Japanese comics at the local Japanese
consume more and more
language bookstore. I can
paper, take over more and
also buy them at the local
more space in bookstores,
comic-book stores, almost
and sink deeper and deeper
all of which now have a
roots into the national cons-
special shelf for Japanese
ciousness. Now they are
manga-related books. Sur-
spreading overseas.
prisingly, many of the Ja-
Several years ago, when I
panese language manga
wrote a book introducing
books are bought by Ameri-
manga to the English world,
cans who have never been to
the trend was already appar-
Japan and cannot read Ja-
ent. Manga were being read
panese, but merely like the
by more and more Japanese
pictures.
adults. Some manga were
even considered to be seri-
AMERICAN ARCHIVES There
ous works of literature. The
is also a "Japanese Anima-
last taboos against reading
tion Archives" in my area
them were weakening, and
where people of all ages can
now it seems as if these have
enjoy both manga and ani-
completely disappeared.
KATSUMI YOSHIDA
mation. It is run by an
Comic Box, a magazine of
American couple. The man
manga criticism and reviews
has a tattoo of a famous
to which I subscribe, dili-
Japanese manga character
gently reports on the status
Something for Everyone: Manga of All Types in Every Bookstore in Japan
on his shoulder. There is
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
39
MANGA MANIA
KROOM
SPLUT
also a local magazine published regular-
ly for manga and animation fans. It
KOF
contains articles on Japanese manga,
and English synopses of Japanese ani-
mation videos, which are circulated
among a vast network of admirers, most
of whom, again, know almost no Japan-
ese.
There are also the local publishers of
manga. One, named Viz, is a subsidiary
of Shogakukan, the largest publisher of
CATCH!!
comic books in Japan. It regularly issues
comics from Japan, after translating the
stories, reversing the order of the pages
from right-to-left to left-to-right, and
relettering all of the dialogue. The titles
SHOOT!
include everything from Ninja stories to
romances. Viz is now competing with
TIK
another company called Studio Proteus,
staffed by American fans who translate
THUP
their favorite stories.
TAK
Japanese manga have become so
popular these days that almost every
comic book publisher seems to be
putting out translated editions. Marvel
Made In Japan: Marvel Comics' Translated, Colored-in Version of Katsuhiro Otomo's Akira
Comics, the creator of Spider Man and
other classic comics series, and the
months. Titled Japan Inc., it was also
School, have created direct parodies of
largest American comic-book publisher,
successful in the United States, and
Japanese comics, drawing in the same
now offers a translated and colored
made the Washington Post's nonfiction
style as their favorite artists, and even
version of Katsuhiro Otomo's apocalyp-
best sellers' list.
making characters with exaggerated,
tic science-fiction work, Akira. First
But that's not all. Just as American
saucer-shaped eyes and other Japanese
Comics publishes the samurai classic
comics and animation artists once had
comics conventions.
Lone Wolf and Cub and the robot
an enormous effect on their counter-
thriller Mazinger, and Eclipse puts out a
parts in Japan, the Japanese are now
COMPUTER FORUM Living in a computer
full line of its own selected Japanese
repaying the favor. In American comics,
age, we should not be surprised that
comics. Not to be outdone, the normally
one sees different page layouts, an
Japanese comics and animation have
staid University of California Press
increased use of onomatopoeia and
infiltrated the world of computers.
recently issued a translated version of
more visual depiction of action-all of
Using my computer and a modem, I can
Shōtarō Ishinomori's Introduction to the
which have been influenced by Japanese
access a national electronic information
Japanese Economy, a book that was on
comics styles. Some American artists,
service, which has hundreds of "for-
the best sellers' list in Japan for several
such as Ben Dunn, in his new Ninja High
ums" for special interest groups. One of
them, sure enough, is called "Japanima-
tion," in which fans of Japanese anima-
tion and manga from all over the United
States exchange information. Occasion-
ally Mitsuru Sugaya, a well-known
Japanese comic book artist, contacts the
forum from Japan, and loads examples
of the manga illustrations he created on
his MacIntosh.
Are Japanese comics taking over the
world? This hardly seems to be the case.
At this point, the popularity of Japanese
comics appears to stem from three
sources. First, they initially became
available in translated form during a
period when traditional American com-
ics had become rather ossified in format.
Characters were limited to superheroes,
plots were time-worn renderings of
PHOTOS: KATSUMI YOSHIDA
good-versus-bad themes, and creativity
was in a rut. Wild, anything-goes Japan-
ese comics seemed terribly dynamic and
innovative in contrast, and because they
were from a foreign culture they also had
an exotic appeal.
Comic Book Editors: Catering to Readers'
Not for Children Only: A Commuting Salaryman
Second, the popularity of Japanese
Tastes
Engrossed in Manga
comics has coincided with the increased
40
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
What Everybody Loves
N Japan, one can see piles of new
named Bono Bono and a chipmunk who
hardcover comic books at major
constantly pleads, "Tease me not."
book stores, salarymen in commuter
Another is Kiriko Kubo's Cynical Hys-
ENLAREA
Mai
trains with their heads buried in manga
tery Hour that recounts tales of elemen-
21
books, or young office ladies engrossed
tary school students. Many of the
in discussions about handsome comic-
readers of these comics are adults.
book heroes. Manga comprise a huge
What is unique about Japanese com-
Japanese market. More than 4.5 million
ics? Ryō Saitani, the editor in chief of
copies of Shükan Shõnen Jump (Weekly
Comic Box, a journal of comic-book
Youth Jump), a 400-page magazine for
reviews, answers: "Japanese comics are
Reading International: Via Communications'
junior-high school students, priced at
framed differently than American com-
Four Biweekly Manga
¥170 ($1.36), are sold each month. 1.9
ics. The manga/animation artist Osamu
billion manga books-one-third of the
Tezuka pioneered this development.
manga. Perhaps that is another reason
publications in Japan-were sold in
After the war he, a young cartoon writer,
why they are not marketable." Bessatsu
1987, accumulating 378.1 billion ($3
watched Walt Disney movies for the
Shojo Comic, published by Shogakukan,
billion) in sales-a 10.1% increase from
first time and became so fascinated by
targets high-school girls and has a
the previous year. Sales of toys modeled
them that he adopted film-making tech-
circulation of 700,000.
on comic-book heroes and heroines in
niques in his manga-he used flexible
In May 1987, Shogakukan established
1987 were also large, amounting to ¥65
frames with close-ups and long-shots.
its American subsidiary, Viz Communi-
billion ($521 million).
The manga artists, after Tezuka, used
cations, in San Francisco. The company
Japanese comics cover many genres—
his method and developed it even
publishes four biweekly Japanese manga
sports, humor, romance, fantasy, science
further, while American comics have
series in translation-The Legend of
fiction, horror, and even gourmet cook-
remained picture stories."
Kamui, a ninja warrior story; Mai-the
ing. One of the most widely-read manga
He also notes the high quality of
Psychic Girl 21; Area 88, an air-battle
today is Mikio Igarashi's Bono Bono
Japanese girls' comics which have im-
action tale; and Xenon, a cyborg sci-fi
series, which features a young sea otter
proved greatly over the years. "The
series. Viz sells 20,000-50,000 copies of
boys' comics-though they continue to
each issue. Kazuyoshi Tanaka, a direc-
CIRCULATION OF MANGA IN JAPAN 1965-87
sell like hot cakes-constantly repeat
tor of the Shogakukan editorial board,
old and simple themes, but girls' comics
says: "Japanese comics are getting good
(in millions)
are more literary and depict heroines
public responses for their interesting
425
400
who are struggling to find themselves.
plots, dynamic pictures and diverse
BOYS WEEKLIES
Many writers of Japanese teenage novels
styles. I even saw some American comic-
350
have drawn upon manga for inspiration
329
book enthusiasts buy the original comics
300
and dialogues styles."
in the Japanese at Kinokuniya, a San
MONTHLIES FOR ADULTS
278
Despite their quality and sophistica-
Francisco subsidiary of a major Japan-
250
MONTHLIES FOR YOUTHS
tion, girls' manga have more problems
ese bookstore-just because they liked
215
200
entering the U.S. market, because most
the pictures." He admits that it is
readers of comic books in America are
difficult to market girls' manga in the
150
WEEKLIES FOR ADULTS
boys. Toshiki Takei, the editor in chief
U.S., but says with conviction: "We're
100
of Bessatsu Shōjo Comic (Girls' Comics
planning to translate some girls' comics
GIRLS WEEKLIES
50
Special), says: "The characters in girls'
with excellent plots, chosen from rela-
26
manga are sexless; often, you can't tell
tively easy-to-understand genres such
1965
70
75
80
'85
87
the men from the women. You need to
science fiction and action-adventure."
Source: Publication Research Institute
understand Japanese society before you
can comprehend the stories in girls'
BY KIMIE ITAKURA
economic strength of Japan and the
exceedingly cosmopolitan in his or her
probably always be black and white, and
visibility of its culture. Like everyone,
tastes. As a result, the American comic
comprised of long serialized stories.
young Americans love a success story,
book-once almost on the verge of
American comics will probably continue
and more and more of them have a
extinction-is undergoing a renaissance
to be mainly colored, and require more
great deal of curiosity about Japan, the
in both the variety of the plots and in the
text reading skills than the visually
nation that makes so much of their
art styles.
oriented Japanese comics. As long as a
animation and almost all of the elec-
healthy cross-fertilization continues to
tronic consumer goods they lust after.
WILD IMAGINATIONS Comics, unlike stan-
take place, the comics of both nations
Their interest has been transferred to a
dard objects like toothpaste tubes and
will continue to mature as a medium of
medium they are already very familiar
transistor radios, represent popular cul-
expression. As a result, the readers will
with-comics.
ture. They are created mainly to enter-
be enriched.
Third, translated Japanese comics in
tain, but unlike many forms of enter-
How wonderful it is, I often think,
America are part of a wider internation-
tainment, they deal mainly with a dream
that people of different nations can
alization of the industry. Comic-book
world in which we exorcise our fears,
communicate with each other on the
speciality stores in America now carry
indulge in hopes, and allow our imagina-
unfettered, unvarnished level of a popu-
not only translated Japanese comics, but
tions to run wild. Coming from different
lar-culture medium like comics. Let's
also works from Korea, Hong Kong,
cultures and different traditions, Japan-
forget books about philosophy and
France, Italy, and Spain. In a very real
ese comics and American comics are
business. Where I live, at least, young
sense, the once parochial American
likely to be a little different in both plot
Americans are already learning about
comic-book aficionado has become
and format. Most Japanese comics will
Japan from manga.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
41
FACTS OF LIFE: Japan's Defense Policy
EVERYDAY
Defending Position
Japan's defense budget is fast
over the past few years it has
SURVEY ON THE SIZE OF THE DEFENSE BUDGET
catching up with the military
been increasing military ex-
spending of the other indus-
penditure by 5% to 7%
trialized countries. But ex-
SHOULD BE
NO
SHOULD BE
DON'T
annually. In fiscal 1988,
number of
INCREASED
CHANGE
REDUCED
KNOW
actly how much should Japan
respondents,
Japan spent ¥3.7 trillion
1969
(2,474)
24.1
38.2
13.9
23.9
be spending to defend itself?
($3 billion) on defense. This
is only one-tenth of the U.S.
1972
(2,531)
9.8
42.0
23.2
25.0
T
HE statement "Japan
budget, but if the yen con-
should be able to ward
tinues to appreciate and
off an attack on Hokkaido
1975
(2,408)
12.7
48.2
15.4
23.6
reaches the
and defend its sea lanes for
level, Japanese defense
up to 1,000 nautical miles
1978
(2,439)
19.8
47.6
10.0
22.6
spending in dollar terms will
without the support of the
overtake Britain, France
U.S. military" in the Hou-
1981
(2,393)
20.1
47.3
/15.0
17.6
and West Germany's to take
se's Armed Services Com-
third place after the U.S.
mittee's interim report
1984
(2,424)
14.2
54.1
14.04.0
and the Soviet Union. A
caused quite a stir in Japan.
significant buildup of Ja-
The country's present de-
1988
(2,374)
11.2
58.0
11.7
panese military power will
fense establishment allows it
3.6
create fears in Asia-espe-
VERY
to counter a "limited at-
(248)
33.5
41.5
INTERESTED
1/21/4/2
jointly with the U.S. armed
forces if threatened with a
Interest in SDF & Defense
QUITE
(1,055)
12.7
60.8
INTERESTED
1/19.3/12
4.7
large-scale invasion. The ac-
NOT VERY
(832)
63.3
INTERESTED
Source: Office of the Prime Minister
cially in China and South-
tack" but it must operate
east Asia, the victims of past
Japanese aggression-about
a new "Japanese threat."
Reservations about a stron-
quisition of an independent
ger Japan have also been
4.0
defense capability would re-
Issues
NOT
(199)
46.7
28.1
expressed in the U.S. For-
INTERESTED
mer defense secretaries Kis-
quire a considerable streng-
thening of Japan's mili-
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
(%)
singer and Vance both warn-
ed that pressuring Japan to
tary.
In spite of the "Peace
increase its defense spend-
Clause" in the 1947 Constitution, the
the increase in costs. Memories of the
ing in order to decrease its trade
Self-Defense Force (SDF) was created
Pacific War raise the specter of war and
surplus would threaten the stability of
in 1954. The Socialists and other
devastation if Japan becomes a military
Asia and frustrate Japan's efforts to
opposition parties continued their out-
power once more. Nevertheless, the
contribute to the development of the
spoken criticisms of rearmament until
mood in the ruling LDP is that Japan
Third World by recycling its surplus
1976 when the Japanese government
should accept a share of the defense
capital.
announced that it had won opposition
burden commensurate with its new
Japan's current economic growth can
support for its policy of limiting the
status as a leading industrialized nation.
be ascribed in part to U.S. military
defense budget to within 1% of GNP.
Another reason is the U.S. deficit, which
protection since the war. As a result,
11 years later, SDF spending exceeded
might lead to a reduction in American
there has been little discussion-and
the 1% ceiling, causing widespread
military commitments worldwide. If the
little awareness-of defense issues in
apprehension in the country about a
U.S. withdraws from Asia, its place may
Japan. The majority of Japanese citizens
military buildup.
well be taken by powers hostile to Japan.
want the government to maintain the
In a 1988 survey conducted by the
current levels of defense spending. It will
Prime Minister's Office, 58% of respon-
NEW JAPANESE THREAT The Japanese
be a long time before a consensus is
dents answered that the present defense
government has not made any cutbacks
reached about how much more should
budget was adequate, exceeding the
in its defense budget. On the contrary,
be spent in the future.
54.1% who had given the same answer in
1984. 11.2% said the budget should be
any other country. Its agricultural pesti-
increased, and only 19.2% favored a
DATA BOX
cide market exceeds ¥400 billion ($3.2
reduction (see chart). Some 53.6% said
billion) a year. The Ministry of Health
they thought that Japan might become
and Welfare has set "safe residual
SHORTTAKES
involved in a war, outnumbering the
levels" for pesticides but these regula-
31.3% who disagreed. 68.8% thought
Japan's agricultural products are pickled
tions only apply to 56 foods and 25
that the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty
in pesticides. Agricultural circles have
pesticidal chemicals-there are 300 dif-
contributed to Japan's safety, and 67.4%
put forth the idea that imported foods
ferent pesticides used in Japan. And no
said that both the SDF and the treaty
are saturated with pesticides. But actual-
products are ever checked for unregulat-
were necessary. The results make it clear
ly, Japan uses 13.1 kilograms of pesti-
ed chemicals. In any case, Japanese farm
that a majority want the present arrange-
cide (active ingredient) per hectare while
products are full of agricultural chemi-
ments to continue without a large-scale
America uses only 2.51 kilograms. Japan
cals that endanger the health of the
buildup. The reason behind this is not
uses more chemicals per hectare than
Japanese. So before the Japanese criti-
42
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
JAPANESE HUMOR: A Contradiction in Terms?
Rakugo Recycled
EVERYDAY
In this thirteenth article in our continuing
series on Japanese humor, Shōkichi
Oda-our new writer-relates rakugo
tales, comic narratives that have been
handed down by word of mouth, tickling
the funny bones of audiences over the
centuries.
KINJIRO MIYAZAKI
SHOKICHI ODA The author is
currently a planner and a scriptwriter
Speaking In Tongues: Shijaku Katsura Plays All of His Characters
for radio and television programs.
After graduating from Kobe University
the formal seiza position.
A man walks the streets shouting:
in 1955, he began to write for mass
media. He is known for his books on
"The Zoo," virtually identical to a
"Head for sale! Who will buy my head?"
humor and his rakugo scripts. He was
popular old Irish joke, is believed to
A samurai stops, pays the man, and is
born in 1931.
have been incorporated into the rakugo
about to decapitate him when the man
repertoire during the 1890s by Henry
pulls out a dummy's head and gives it to
Black or another foreign rakugo-ka
the samurai. "This isn't the head that I
A
A
man looking for a cushy job is hired
active at the time. Black, the son of a
bought!" the samurai protests. "I want
by a zoo where the lion has recently
journalist stationed in Japan, enjoyed
the one that's on your shoulders." The
died. The job is easy enough-all he has
immense popularity on the rakugo stage
man replies, "I can't let you have that
to do is to sit in a cage wearing a lion
in Tokyo, performing under the profes-
one. I need it for advertising."
suit. All goes well on his first day of work
sional name of Kairaku-tei Buraku.
A man gets into a taxi. As the driver
until he hears the announcement, "And
Most of the rakugo stories today
pulls away from the curb, he mutters
now, ladies and gentlemen, we present a
originated as jokes that were popular-
loudly to himself: "What a gentleman
spectacular lion-and-tiger fight!" The
ized in the Edo period. All of the
the last customer was-giving me
ferocious tiger is released into the cage.
following have been around for about
1,000 for a ¥500 ride, and telling me
Gripped with fear and too terrified even
200 years:
to keep the change!" Rather than ac-
to scream, the man looks helplessly on as
A fortune-teller, setting up his table on
knowledge the driver's words, the man
the tiger lunges at him, bares its teeth
the street, is heckled by one of the local
leans back in his seat and snores loudly,
and says, "Guess what, I just got hired
children. "This guy's a fake! He doesn't
pretending to be asleep.
too!"
know anything!" The enraged fortune-
The man, impressed with the driver's
This is a synopsis of "The Zoo," a
teller demands, "Whose child are you?"
ploy, tries it out the next time he rides in
popular tale in rakugo, the traditional
The child answers, "You tell me."
a taxi. He mutters loudly to himself:
Japanese style of comic story-telling in
A new school opens to teach people
"What a gentleman the last driver was-
which a rakugo-ka or raconteur puts on a
how to yawn. An intrigued man per-
only charging me ¥500 for a ¥1,000
one-man show, supplying the narrative
suades his friend to enroll with him. The
ride!"
to which the driver responds
and the voices for all of the characters in
teacher begins with a lengthy lecture,
with a long and raucous snore.
his stories and filling in the action with
explaining to the men the proper meth-
This story comes from a scene in
mime and ingenious manipulations of
ods of yawning appropriate to specific
Hizakurige, a comic novel written at the
his only two props-a folding fan and a
times and places. He tries to show the
beginning of the 19th century. Yet, the
cotton hand towel.
man how to yawn, but the man tries
horse-drawn carriage drivers in the
Rakugo started in the 17th century
again and again without success. His
original story have been reinterpreted as
and was so well established by the 18th
friend, in the mean time, has grown
modern-day cabbies.
century that there were theaters devoted
bored and sleepy and lets out an
There are many jokes from the past
exclusively to the art. True to tradition,
enormous yawn. "Now here's a promis-
that live on as tales polished and
the rakugo-ka today wears a kimono and
ing student," praises the teacher. "He's
embellished over the generations by
sits facing his audience on his knees in
mastered it just by watching."
rakugo-ka. Even today, the popularity of
rakugo shows no signs of diminishing.
cize imports for chemical contamina-
burden on your cardiovascular system.
After World War II, there were rakugo
tion, they should make sure that their
Now there is "Ansnol," a product from
circles in almost every university in
own farm products are safe.
SS Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., that con-
Japan-some of these groups have
- Shükan Gendai
trols snoring (¥1,800 or $14.43). Since
graduated professional rakugo-ka.
its introduction on June 1, 1988,
"White Lion"-an English version of
Oh, to sleep in heavenly peace. Snoring
600,000 bottles have been sold. Other
"The Zoo" performed by the rakugo-ka
not only disturbs your partner, but it can
sleep aids like snore-reducing pillows,
Shijaku Katsura-was warmly received
also be detrimental to your health.
futon driers, and silk futon covers are
by audiences in the United States and
Heavy snorers don't get enough REMs
also selling well. It seems like the key
Australia, completing a process which
because the noise keeps their own sleep
phrase for today's tired people is "sleep
has gone full circle; a joke from the
light and fitful. Snoring can also cause
in heavenly peace." - Nikkei Business
U.K., transformed into a rakugo tale in
undue tiredness and keep you from
Japan, is shipped back nearly a century
getting enough oxygen, putting an extra
BY CHARLES T. WHIPPLE
later.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
43
PHOTO DOCUMENTARY: Seasonal Japan
CULTURE
Scenes of Winter
Charming Snakes: These small
plaster figurines from Fukushima,
Okayama and Shimane are symbols
of 1989, a "snake year" of the
Japanese zodiacal cycle. According
to superstition, babies born this year
will be strong and keenly intelligent.
Snow Country: The alpine flora of
Hachimantai, the highlands on the
border of Akita and Iwate
Prefectures, lies blanketed by the first
snowfall of winter.
Child's Play: Two
youngsters in Hokkaido
proudly display their
kites, painted with
characters from
Japanese animation.
44
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
After Examination
Hell: Years of dedicated
study, "education
mamas," and sleepless
nights have come to an
end for these young men,
waiting anxiously to take
the highly competitive
entrance examination for
the University of Tokyo.
PANA
Birds of a Feather: Japanese
cranes, a symbol of prosperity and
longevity, walk gracefully in the
snow, straining their necks towards
the heavens.
Rites of Passage:
Young women,
celebrating their
recent entries into
adulthood, pray for
good fortune at a
temple on Coming-of-
Age Day (January 15).
The Japanese
become adults under
the law, on their 20th
birthday, and gain the
rights to vote and to
marry without parental
consent.
The First Time: The Fushimi Inari
Shrine in Kyoto is filled with Japanese
on hatsumöde-their first visit to a
shrine in the new year.
(PHOTOS: KYODO except for)
the two otherwise noted
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
45
JAPANESE ART PATRONS: Keizō Saji
PEOPLE
A Man and His Museum
In this month's article on Japanese
sure designation, examples
patrons of the arts, the thirteenth in our
of dress and ornamenta-
series, Kinko Watanabe relates the history
tion, tableware, folk tools,
of the Suntory Museum and the career of
and glass treasures that are
Keizō Saji, the man behind its creation.
undoubtedly the best in
Japan.
KINKO WATANABE is currently a
freelance writer. She was born in 1948
LIQUOR heaven Keizo Saji
and studied at Waseda University and
was born in 1919 as the
Keio University, where she majored in
philosophy. She has edited several
second son of Shinjiro Torii,
books, including A Joy of the Classics,
a founder of the Torii Co.,
and is the author of a series of essays
the company that preced-
entitled Masterpiece Arts and Pa-
ed Kotobukiya/Suntory. He
trons.
was adopted into his moth-
er's family as its sole male
T was a weekday near the end of
heir, taking the name of Saji,
autumn. But in spite of this, the
and later inherited the Torii
Suntory Museum of Art was alive with
fortune as well, after his
people, young and old, men and women.
elder brother died in war.
The museum was established by Keizō
Saji joined Kotobukiya Ltd.
Saji, the president of Suntory Ltd., now
in 1945, after graduating
the largest whiskey manufacturer in the
from Osaka Imperial Uni-
world, after a recent merger with Allied-
versity in 1942. He became
Lyons. Located in Akasaka, a bustling
the president-director of the
area of Tokyo where the skyline is
firm in 1961, and changed
dotted with ultra-modern buildings, it is
its name to Suntory Ltd.
a short walk from the Diet Building. An
Saji had published his
expressway runs overhead, and Tokyo
two-volume travelog Liquor
life crawls underneath. The area radiates
Heaven in which he
not only a natural beauty but also a
described his adventures
vibrant energy, the kind found only in
around the world in search
modern cities. The museum is on the
of the best drinks it had to
"Flowers and Birds of Winter": A Section of a
eleventh floor of the Suntory Building, a
offer. The accomplished
Four-Panel Screen
writer Saji wrote about the
quaint little art museums he saw dur-
Keizo Saji was asked to oversee con-
ing his travels through Europe. He said
struction. At a committee meeting,
that Japan needed museums for young
somebody brought up the fact that there
people. At that time, the private collec-
were no cultural facilities in the area.
tions in Japan were open only to the
Saji offered to build a museum and was
elderly and to scholars.
given the entire ninth floor of the Palace
Kotobukiya/Suntory had always had a
Building for this purpose.
policy of dividing its profits
in thirds, with one part
going back to the company,
another to the employees
and the rest to the com-
munity. Suntory was giving
President Keizō Saji: "Try it and See!"
to the Japanese people when
it established the Suntory
short walk from the expressway. It is
Music Foundation, the Sun-
truly an original among other privately-
tory Culture Foundation,
owned museums, housing a collection
the Suntory Mystery Novel
devoted to "the beautiful in daily life."
Prize, and a highly ac-
When it was established, a committee
claimed concert hall, also
was organized to run it, and to decide
bearing the company's
what the collections would hold.
name.
That was 27 years ago. Today, the
Around that time, in the
museum's collection is unrivaled in both
mid-1950s, plans were being
quantity and quality among the private
drafted to erect the Palace
holdings in Japan; it contains over 2,000
Building in front of the Ôte
works of art worthy of National Trea-
gate of the Imperial Palace.
The Suntory Museum:
46
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
Keizo Saji is well-known throughout
want to limit the scope of
Japan for a phrase he coined, "Try it and
the museum to just one of
see!" It has been his policy in business to
these areas. They also did
respect the opinions of people even at
not want to fill the shelves of
the bottom rungs of the company and let
its museum with sake bot-
them work as they believe. It was with
tles and wine glasses; that
his own expression in mind that he set
would have seemed artless
out to create a museum.
on the part of the liquor
company. They had to find a
TRYING TIMES Needless to say, museums
way to avoid all this and
of art are not made so easily. First, you
create a more diverse mu-
need a collection. Saji had a few
seum. After much discus-
paintings, goblets and wine glasses but
sion, the committee decided
they were not museum pieces by any
upon the theme of "the
stretch of the imagination. The Kotobu-
beautiful in daily life,"
kiya/Suntory Co. did not own any mu-
which encompassed Bud-
seum pieces. Saji asked Yoshio Honda,
dhist art, tea ceremony im-
the president of the Mainichi News, for
plements and crafts, and all
help. The committee of experts, orga-
other aesthetically pleasing
nized to plan the exhibits, approved of
works of art.
Saji's fundamental concept of the
The Suntory Museum of
museum as "a place to display Japanese
Art officially opened on
art and crafts in a way that they could be
November 20, 1961, a date
enjoyed by the general public," but
which marked the 60th an-
could not agree on how to carry this out.
niversary of Kotobukiya/
Most of the museums in Japan at that
Suntory Company. In the
time were old buildings, smelling of
year and a half before the
incense, that were devoted to Buddhist
opening, the company
art or the tea ceremony, or storehouses
bought 40 museum pieces.
of local crafts, filled with people speak-
Approximately two-thirds
ing in thick provincial accents. The
of the display in the first
"Nezumi no Söshi": Handscrolls Depicting Scenes of
planners of the Suntory Museum did not
exhibit were borrowed from
Tales About Rats
other museums, but after
the fifth year, a permanent collection
work. He did not own anything that
was established. Collecting many art
could have been thought of, even
objects in such a short time was truly a
remotely, as an antique. We had to
herculean feat.
begin putting the collection together
after we decided to build the museum.
PERSONAL MANIFESTO In the book, "The
Yet, starting from nothing had its
Suntory Museum Art Collection," pub-
advantages. We could establish our own
lished ten years after the museum was
definitions for the character of the
founded, President Keizo Saji wrote as a
museum.
preface:
The Suntory Museum collection fo-
cuses on 'the beautiful in daily life,' or
"When I first made plans for the
the art that is found in the everyday
museum I envisioned only a simple
lives of the Japanese."
exhibition hall, but that was a great
mistake. A museum without a collection
Mr. Saji's explanation could be con-
The Suntory Prize '88 Winning Entry by
is sheer nonsense.
sidered his personal manifesto on the
Claude Champy
My father devoted his whole life to his
arts, displaying his pride in his creation.
In 1988, the museum established the
"Suntory Museum of Art Prize." The
museum pieces date from the last four-
and-a-half centuries and are now ex-
panding into the art of the present and
the future. Leading artists working in
various genres-from the traditional
crafts to the avant-garde-were asked to
submit pieces, and ¥ 3 million ($24,000)
was awarded to the best entry.
The contest was aimed at giving
unknown artists a forum to display their
work. Looking at the work of these
artists, the public got a good idea of
where pottery, lacquerware, and metal,
wood, bamboo, fiber and glass arts are
going towards the 21st century.
The Suntory Museum of Art has
become a true embodiment of art from
Housing "the Beautiful in Daily Life"
Edo Cut-Glass Art Pieces
the past, the present and the future.
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
47
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS: Kyoto International Students House
CULTURE
House of Encounter
The lack of low-cost housing for foreign
students in Japan is a serious problem that
has been aggravated by the appreciation of
the yen. The Kyoto International House
was one of the student residences estab-
lished to ease cost-of-living pressures on
students. Yet even this house, funded by
Japanese and Swiss sources, may disap-
pear in time, as it is becoming rundown
and in dire need of repair and funds.
F
OREIGN students in Japan, under
the pressure of increased living
costs due to a drastically appreciated
yen, now face a serious problem. It has
become increasingly difficult to find an
Kyoto
apartment in a good neighborhood at a
reasonable rent. This is true throughout
Japan, and especially in the big cities
where inexpensive housing for foreign
Multicultural Teamwork: On the Court or in the Kitchen
students in Japan is far from sufficient.
The Kyoto International Student
"house team," the autonomous body of
The 23-year-old "House of Encoun-
House was established 23 years ago, at a
residents.
ter" has now become so worn with time
time when residences for foreign stu-
On Friday evenings all of the residents
that thorough repair and remodeling are
dents were rare in Kyoto or in fact, in
participate in a "common meal" and
necessary to fix the cracked pipes, roof
any other place in Japan. Father Werner
after-supper meetings to discuss, in a
leaks and inadequate supply of electric-
Kohler, a doctor of theology who was in
mixture of Japanese and English, daily
ity. A recent ground tremor, for exam-
Kyoto on the Swiss East Asia Mission,
concerns and plans for annual events
ple, made a hot-water pipe explode.
dreamt of building a "house of encoun-
such as athletic meets and parties.
Fuses blow frequently because the elec-
ter," where students of various nationa-
Hiroshi Utsumi, the Japanese house
tric wiring installed in 1965 cannot
lities, races, religions, and cultural
father and an assistant professor of
withstand the excessive power demands
backgrounds could live together in
radiation biology at Kyoto University,
of TVs, VCRs, refrigerators, and other
harmony, and learn cooperation and
said: "There is a requirement that one-
appliances.
communication skills that would in the
third of the residents here be Japanese.
Remodeling will cost an estimated
long term contribute to international
This makes for the great character of the
¥200 million ($1.6 million). Financial
understanding and world peace. Kohler
house. In a mixed house, the foreign and
help has continued to come from Swit-
and his supporters asked for donations
the Japanese students can work together
zerland over the years, but the apprecia-
in Switzerland and Japan and collected
to deal with daily matters and prob-
tion of the yen has reduced the actual
¥56 million ($449,000) and ¥20 mil-
lems."
value of these contributions considera-
lion ($160,000) respectively to build a
Father Vollenweider added: "We
bly. The students pay a monthly rent of
house with rooms for 34 resident stu-
have students from developing countries
¥25,000 ($200), which is far from
dents and 13 "guest researchers." Since
in Asia, Central and South America, and
enough to cover repairs. House Father
it was built, the house has accommodat-
Africa. They learn about democracy in
Utsumi asked for contributions from the
ed 1,800 students and researchers from
this small community, and can use their
Japanese government and the private
over 60 countries.
experience when they go back to their
sector, but to no avail; he has become
countries and contribute to nation-
frustrated by their indifference to the
HOUSE UNDIVIDED Samuel Vollenweider,
building."
students' plight.
the Swiss "house father" and a lecturer
Japan is no longer in a position to seek
at Doshisha University, has been in the
OPEN-DOOR POLICY Tan Kok Kee, a
economic support from other nations to
house for seven months. He comment-
third-year student specializing in eco-
keep important establishments such as
ed: "This house brings together people
nomics at Kyoto University from Ma-
this house running. It is time for the
of different religions-Christians, Mus-
laysia, said: "I was living alone in an
Japanese government to take action
lims, and Buddhists-and allows them
apartment for three years. I went be-
towards solving the housing problems of
to communicate. Kyoto, a city of ancient
tween my room and the university and
foreign students. The private sector, one
history, philosophers and thinkers, is a
was very lonely. There was no one
of the driving forces behind Japanese
good place for such encounters." The
waiting for me at home. I started to
economic power, should also think more
house is managed by Japanese and
regret coming to Japan. After moving to
seriously about helping these students-
Swiss house fathers who live with the
this house, I made a lot of friends. Here
and make a worthwhile international
students and act as student advisors.
all the rooms are singles, but doors are
"domestic" investment.
The residents elect the chairman, vice
kept open most of the time and we visit
chairman and other officials on the
each other freely."
BY KIMIE ITAKURA
48
LOOK JAPAN, JANUARY 1989
The world's most advanced,
largest-capacity submarine
optical fiber cable system is one
of the most significant
technological breakthroughs
ever made by NTT. This system
has been used extensively in
the 4,200-km Japan Traversing
Optical Fiber Cable Route.
By utilizing accumulated
engineering capabilities, and
modern equipment such as
computer-controlled cable ships,
NTT International can undertake
every phase of a submarine
cable project.
The ultimate transmission
technology is now available from
NTT International.
JAPAN'S LEADING
TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
IS SCRAPING BOTTOM.
Along the ocean floor lies the
communications means. And on
opportunity to bring islands,
a full turnkey basis, NTT
nations and people closer together.
International can provide planning,
So NTT is taking a nosedive.
design and implementation in
Who? NTT, Japan's largest
addition to specialized training
telecommunications company with
regarding operations and
more than US$45 billion* in annual
maintenance.
revenues. NTT has established
Air, land, or sea. NTT is
various technologies for integrated
traveling to wherever we can open
digital network services, including
the lines of communication, lend
the world's most advanced
our technology and engineering
submarine optical fiber cable
services, and bring the world,
system.
perhaps, a little nearer, to being an
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international community.
a subsidiary of NTT, is extending
*as of March 31, 1988.
its services and capabilities
overseas to assist in the progress
of neighboring nations. Such
NTT
services as those of the Kuroshio-
Maru above.
International
With all of NTT's resources
and management expertise behind
it, NTT International in cooperation
For further information, please contact NTT
with partners worldwide, can
International Headquarters (Tokyo).
further telecommunications and
Address: 2-1, Uchisaiwai-cho, l-chome,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan
data processing systems
Tel.: 81-3-509-5926
and institute new regional
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VII
Liberation Organization to par-
VIID now
vonu
23 local to
A,98SAVED
Amid Grief, Anger, Shame
ticipate in the debate. France,
that it own
Italy and Ireland backed the
resolution, while the commu+
NOTE JOINT TASKS
NEW CONCESSIONS
Additional
be sought,
nity's six other members
of Bell Tele
By HENRY KAMM
abstained.
Inc., into a
in Boeing Jumbo
Special to The New York Times
Last week, in the Palestinian
President Arrives in Kyoto
Extended Strike Is Seen as
pany, a Jus
BEIT SHEAN, Israel, Nov.
stormed the apartment the
debate here, Yasir Arafat,
ficial said.
riçans Survive
20-In grief mingled with
guerrillas had seized after
head of the Palestine Liberation
After Ending Tokyo Talks
Contract Proposal Fails
vestiture
hansa Flight
anger and shame, the people
shooting the middle-aged ten-
Organization, called for the for-
With Broad Accords
to Gain Support
would dep
of this Israell town today bur-
ants to death, an angry crowd
mation of a new Palestinian
covered du
ied the four civilians slain yes-
threw the guerrillas' bodies out
state including Moslems, Jews
suit about
Associated Press
terday by three Palestinian in-
a second-story window and
and Christians.
By JOHN HERBERS
By BEN A. FRANKLIN
the labora
Kenya, Nov. 20-
filtrators from Jordan.
set them on fire.
The stand of the three coun-
Special to The York Times
Special to The New York Times
pects of
rsons on a West
The grief and anger in this
tries that had voted for the
KYOTO, Japan, Thursday,
WASHINGTON, Nov. 20-
Shame was height by the
operations.
ibo jetliner died
frontier town in the Jordan
invitation to the Palestine Lib.
Nov. 21-President Ford ar-
The leadership of the United
belated realizAtion that one of
the nation
but the 98 others
Valley appeared subdued, per-
the four bodies burned was not
eration Organization was then
rived here In Japan's ancient
Mine Workers Union disclosed
laboratory.
vived when the
haps because deadly incursions
wide rpreted as a sign
capital today after concluding
tonight that it had failed to
that of a querrilla but of an
Staten
ed and burned
of guerrillas have become a
that their overnments sought
his talks with Japanese offi-
win the first step in ap-
Israeli victim Until that dis
In stat
take-off.
sad commonplace of Israeli life
covery it had been believed and
Arab goodwi II and preferential
cials on a note of amity and
proval of the tentative labor-
since the war last year. More
treatment in the allotment of
with a broad, general agree-
management contract negoti-
ing filing
1e passengers were
officially stated than there had
Arab oil supplies and loans.
ment that the two countries
ated last week with the
deButts, cl
ut the airline,
than 50 Israeli civilians have
been four intruders
said that
.aid the survivors
Speaking at the grave ide in
New Position Assessed
would seek to strengthen
coal industry and would seek
been murdered in that way
"astonishe
Americans.
this year.
Western Europe's new posi-
their cooperation on economic
to return to the bargaining
the town cemetery, Chief Rabbi
ment's act
can survivors were
The sense of shame was new.
Shlomo Goren declared that the
tion, as it emerged in the
matters.
table.
embers of a group
United Nations yesterday and
In a brief ceremony in Tokyo
The acknowledgement by
The di
It stemmed from the fact that
Angeles last Sun-
after the Israell Army had
Continued on Page 3, Column I
today, was termed a victory for
in the front garden of the state
Arnold R. Miller meant an al-
Justice De
most certain continuation of
"could les
nonth-long tour of
Common Market forces that
Text of joint U.S.-Japanese
advocate a joint policy in im-
the coal miners' strike beyond
of respon
communiqué is on Page 18.
Race for. Grades Revives
portant international Issues.
all the previous, most pessimls-
tion's tele
Wolff, the airline's
tic estimates of a termination
deButts CO
Nairobi, said that
France, Italy and Ireland re.
guest house, the President said
portedly received assurances
good-by to Emperor Hirohito,
day-probably into early De.
pens, tele
survivors were 67
deteriorate
Britons, four Ca-
Among College Students
Crown Prince Akihito and
cember.
from West Germany and, pos-
sibly, the United States, that
By then, the Government
much mor
0 South Africans,
mier Kakuel Tanaka, and
Keith 1.
jians and one Bel-
they would be backed up in
hands with half a dozen
has estimated, unemployment
By IVER PETERSON
thousands of policemen
through shutdowns and layoffs
Assistant
event of Arab economi
said at a
prisals.
who guarded him during his
in other industries dependent
aree of the sur-
Only a few years after grades to professional school,
that "I di
N
Ine
Lib-
stay here.
upon coal will be nearing 400,-
reported to be
and academic success seemed
according to reports from a
Members
000 persons and the damage to
promise t
harmed and were
to score somewhere below hair-
score of campuses, shows it.
eration Organ group at
The President planted a. nine-
the national economy will be
is going 1
a hotel before re-
cuts on a college student's
self in an increase in cheating
the United Nations declined
foot Virginia dogwood on the
would for
comme
guest house grounds to com-
serious. Today was the ninth
eir trip. Twenty-
scale of values, campuses
and in cutthroat competition.
today
an
tion and
memorate his stay and then
day of the nationwide walk-
admitted to hospi-
across the country are worry-
Indeed, in its worst-and rarest
ments of our Euro-
thanked the staff for having
downward
out, which was first predicted
n critical condition.
ing about a growing and often
-form this competition leads to
pean friends!
made it "a wonderful home for
The su
to last two weeks.
ie, a Boeing 747
fearful obsession with grades.
student sabotage of other stu-
In today debate, Ivor Rich-
me and all my party."
The setback for Mr. Miller,
pany wit
passengers and a
Then he boarded a United
The competition for the right
dents' work, to a demise of
ard of Britain told the Assem.
keeping 0
on Page. Column 1
Grade Point Average as a
student honor systems in favor
Continued on Page 4, Column 4
Continued on Page 18, Column 1
Continued on Page 15, Column 1
in the are
of stricter faculty supervision
to busine
of exams, and to an increase
telephone
Man's Kidnapping
in the number of students
The
seeking medical counseling be-
A. T. &
cause of nervous strain.
Bell Lab
But what bothers thoughtful
Bell Syst
nies had
educators most is the way
other CO
competition for grades-the
communi
mastering of strategies almed
at safely piling up straight-A
interconr
record or a perfect 4.0 G.P.A.-
System.
is displacing the excitement
Continue
and risk of learning.
"It's moved beyond mere
grades," Jerome Kagan, the
City
Harvard psychologist, said of
As
the phenomenon. "It's moved
to a point where the anxiety
and the concern is unrealistic,
By 1
and It's approaching a phobia
The 0
on the part of the students. It
is under
has the characteristic of
a
cials sai
small neurosis."
that He
One reason for the growing
held the
intensity among students is
signed I 1
the fierce competition for grad-
The in
uate school admission, partic-
payroll
ularly medical and law schools.
made by
But there are subtler reasons,
of Inv
Commis
United Press International
Continued on Page 35, Column 1
petta. o
J. Teich with his wife, Janet, after his release
"& num
NEWS INDEX
the Cler
reportedly shouted,
During the week he was
Page
Page
Katz, hi
with imperialists!"
held, he was kept chained in
Art
la
the
News
Thom
ich, who was released
a closet of an apartment some+
Books
45
Movies
Bridge
44
where in the city, officials said,
Music
Deputy
A.M. Tuesday on
Business
69-82
Notes
on
People
assume
oad of the Belt Park.
He was let out of the closet
Chess
44
Obituaries
who,
at Kennedy Interna
periodically, but was kept
Crossword
45
Op-Ed
Editorials
Sports
Friday.
irport, was resting at
blindfolded during these inter-
Family/Style
Theaters
of his
elyestenday. He would
vals, they said. He was fed
Financial
09-82
Transportation
departu
Going
(Out)
Golde
TV
and
Radie,
with reporters about
mostly with sandwiches pur
Letters
Weather
the
napping, which
chased at nearby restaurant,
News
and
Index)
Page
Mr. Teich was examined by
United Press informational
secret until the ran.
The
Continued on Page 34 Column
Metropolitan
President Ford laughing as watched judo at the Budokan hall in Tokyo yesterday
Contin
spaid,
YRZ
opening:
Garage,-Advi,
RK, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1974
20 CENTS
LIS WINS
PRESIDENT BEGINS
MAJORITY
JOURNEY TO ASIA,
ELECTION
STRESSING PEACE
1
di Two-Thirds
Arrives in Tokyo on 8-Day
tary Seals-
Trip That He Calls Both
Is Second
Timely and Significant
V ROBERTS
A BRIEF STOP IN ALASKA
day
Kissinger Expresses Hope of
whelming
held
New Gains in Talks With
Soviet on Arms Control
Premier had
Tear mandate
By JOHN III RBERS
party
mission
be
TOKYO Monday Nov
if months ago
President Ford arrived 111 Japan
in junta called
today on the first leg of an
exile during the
eight day journey to East Asia.
read the nation
after defining his travels both
IN the parha
as timely and as is step toward
n streamed III.
preserving world peace.
mandate ex
The President's plane touched
tations.
down at Haneda International
in half the votes
Airport here at 3 35 PM to &
iew Democracy
reception dominated by police.
Mr aramanis
President Ford bidding farewell to Anatoly F. Dobrynin, Sovlet Ambassador, as he left
men posted for the President's
an two months
the White House yesterday. Mr. Ford's fur hat is a gift from Mr. Dobrynin.
security Neither Emperor Hiro-
cling about 55
nor Premier Kakuei Tanaka
vote nationwide
was at the airport to greet the
owed that the
I.R.S.KEPT WATCH U.S. Assurance on Syria
President
mmand close to
Security continued along the
be 300 member
Eases Tensions in Israel
President's itinerary as he was
ON 'SUBVERSIVES'
flown by helicopter to the ele.
ead Opposition
gant state guest house near
was secured
the Imperial Palace in down.
er Union-New
By TERENCE SMITH
town lokyo. Again, neither the
tionally liberal,
Nader Suit Exposes a List
Emperor nor the Premier was
party It was
Nov
"We took certain precautions
on hand to greet the President
tion by George
Including Church Council,
tension that gripped Isract's
because we don't want A rep
Japanese officials, in re-
former foreign
Golan Heights front over the
ention of what happened at
A.D.A. and Urban League
sponse to inquiries, refused to
puty premier in
weekend subsided today follow
the start of the Yom Kippur
say why Mr. Tanaka did not
nty government
ing assurance from the United
war," he said, referring to the
appear Presumably the threat
inlis. Mr. Mav.
N
By EILEEN SHANAHAN
States that Svria does not in-
war of last fall. "I am sure that
of violence by radicals dictated
ecome leader of
tend to launch an attack
the soldiers who were mobil-
Special The New York
his absence but why Mr. Ford
WASHINGTON, Nov. 17-An against Israel
ized understand that it is better
could appear and Mr. Tanaka
entary elections
investigative group within the Israeh armed forces remained
to take precautions than be
could not was left unexplained.
Center Union
Internal Revenue Service, set partly mobilized and still on
caught by surprise
The Emperor rarely receives
ent of the vote.
up by the Nixon Administra general alert, but the atmos-
The relaxation was most
visitors except at the palace.
Center Union
tion,
included
on
list
of
phere on the Golan Heights
striking on the Golan Heights
a
Trip's Significance Noted
ily about 20 per
"ideological, militant, subver-land throughout the country re.
The roads in the occupied
sive and radical organizations" laxed dramatically
Syrian territory were open to
Before he left Washington
y in third place
civilian traffic and life in the
yesterday, Mr. Ford said: "I
the Americans for Democratic After a six-hour Cabinet
Israeli settlements was speedily
think this trip has great signifi-
(ellenic Socialist
Action, the Urban League meeting devoted partly to a
Andreas Papan-
and the National Council of discussion of the situation, a
returning to normal.
cance, both as to timing and as
ught economics
The American assurances
to substance. This, I think, can
Churches.
Cabinet spokesman said tonight
were conveyed yesterday by
be defined as a quest for peace,
erican universi-
Documents made public to-
that the Government had con-
Secretary of State Kissinger to
to broaden it, to strengthen it."
cluded that while matters had
eou had hoped
day by Ralph Nader's Tax Re-
relaxed somewhat, continued
Simcha Dinitz, the Israeli Am-
"I would rather travel thou
e Center Union,
form Research Group, consist-
readiness was still necessary.
bassador in Washington, at the
sands of miles for peace than
as winning only
ing of 41 I.R.S. memorandums,
State Department. The assur-
take a single toward war,
ent of the vote.
letters and orders, were ob-
[The Lebanese Defense Min-
istry announced that Israeli
ances were reportedly based on
he declared.
tained from the I.R.S. following
is complex sys-
an exchange of messages be-
After four days in Japan, Mr.
V
the filing of a lawsuit by the
gunboats had shelled a Pal-
ed proportional
tween Damascus and Washing-
Ford is scheduled to pay a
Nader group under the Free-
estinian refugee camp. Three
a party must re-
ton in the previous 24 hours.
one-day visit to South Korea
dom of Information Act.
persons were reported killed
ent of the vote
Israelis reported that Mr.
and will then fly to Vladivostok,
The documents showed that
and a dozen wounded.]
n the second of
Premier Yitzhak Rabin said
Kissinger had said that the
the Siberian port city, to meet
of parliamen-
the first steps toward creation
of the surveillance group were
in Tel Aviv tonight that Israel
Syrian Government had flatly
with Leonld I. Brezhnev, the
th 13 per cent,
had mobilized a "very limited
denied that It was preparing
Soviet Communist party leader.
can expect no
taken on July 2. 1969, one day
an attack on the Golan front.
Although that meeting was
number of reserves" to avoid
at 25 seats.
after a White House aide, Tom
This relieved the Israelis,
primarily intended as a chance
being caught unprepared by any
for the two leaders to become
seats may be
Continued on Page 20, Column 1
Syrian action.
Continued on Page 7, Column 1
personally acquainted, Admin-
1 Mercouri, the
istration sources said there
was apparently
was a good chance that
city of Piraeus.
progress rould be made in their
Are Fourth
talks on the Middle East crisis
place was the
and on arms control.
coalition of sev-
t factions, which
Kissinger Gives Briefing
this year after
Secretary of State Kissinger,
for 30 years.
who is accompanying the Presi-
eriod the Com-
dent, told reporters on the way
run under the
to Anchorage, where Mr. Ford's
ront party that
plane stopped at Elmendorf Air
out per cent
Force Base for refueling and a
1989
Chase's Annual Events
Feb
PARKE COUNTY MAPLE FAIR. Feb 25-26. (Also Mar 4-5.)
DAUMIER, HONORE: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb 26.
Rockville, IN. Purpose: To demonstrate the making of maple
French painter and caricaturist famous for his satirical and
syrup in Parke County. Annually, last weekend in Feb, first
comic lithographs. Once spent six months in prison for a carica-
weekend in Mar. Sponsor: Parke County Inc, Box 165, Rock-
ture of Louis Philippe shown as Gargantua consuming the heavy
ville, IN 47872.
taxes of the citizens. Born on Feb 26, 1808, at Marseilles,
RENOIR, PIERRE AUGUSTE: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY.
France. He died on Feb 11, 1879, at Volmondois, France.
Feb 25. French impressionist painter, born at Limoges, Feb 25,
GLEASON, JACKIE: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb 26.
1841. Died at Cagnes, Provence, Dec 17, 1919.
American musician, comedian and actor, Herbert John "Jackie"
ROCKVILLE MAPLE FAIR. Feb 25-26. Rockville, IN. Info
Gleason, was born at Brooklyn, NY, Feb 26, 1916. Best known
from: Parke County, Inc., Box 165, Rockville, IN 47972.
for his role as Ralph Kramden in the long-running television
series, "The Honeymooners." Gleason died at Fort Lauderdale,
SPACE MILESTONE: SOYUZ 32 (USSR). Feb 25. Launched
FL, June 24, 1987.
on Feb 25, 1979, from Baikonur space center in Soviet Central
Asia. Cosmonauts Vladimir Lyakhov and Valery Ryumin
GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK: ANNIVERSARY.
aboard, docked at Salyut 6 space station on Feb 26. Returned to
Feb 26. By Act of Congress, Grand Canyon National Park, AZ
Earth in Soyuz 34 after record 175 days in space on Aug 19,
was established Feb 26, 1919.
1979.
GREAT AMERICAN YOUTH HOSTEL INTERNA-
SURINAME: REVOLUTION DAY. Feb 25.
TIONAL BICYCLE TOUR. Feb 26. Purpose: To promote
bicycle riding and international relations. Tour starts and ends in
TRAIL'S END MARATHON. Feb 25. Seaside, OR. Local and
Chula Vista, CA. Fourth Sunday in Feb. Sponsor: San Diego
regional runners from across the nation are attracted to this
Council American Youth Hostels Inc, 1031 India St, San Diego,
officially sanctioned marathon run on Oregon's northern coast.
CA 92101.
Info from: Chamber of Commerce, Seven N Roosevelt, Seaside,
OR 97138.
HUGO, VICTOR: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb 26. French
author, born Feb 26, 1802. "An invasion of armies can be
WINTER VISITOR "SNOWBIRD JAMBOREE." Feb 25.
resisted," he wrote in 1852, "but not an idea whose time has
Lake Havasu City, AZ. Info from: Visitors & Conv Bur, 1930
come." Died at Paris, May 22, 1885.
Mesquite Ave, Ste 3, Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403.
LEVI STRAUSS: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb 26. Bavarian
BIRTHDAYS TODAY
immigrant Levi Strauss created the world's first pair of jeans-
Levi's 501 jeans-for California's gold miners in the early 1800s.
Jim Backus, actor, born at Cleveland, OH, Feb 25, 1913.
Sponsor: Deborah Schrayer, Acct Exec, Golin/Harris Commu-
Anthony Burgess, author, born at Manchester, England, Feb 25,
nications, Inc, 500 N Michigan, Chicago, IL 60611.
1917.
Tom Courtenay, actor, born at Hull, England, Feb 25, 1937.
NICOLAY, JOHN GEORGE: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb
Larry Gelbart, TV producer, born at Chicago, IL, Feb 25, 1928.
26. Private secretary to Abraham Lincoln who along with John
Karne Grassle, actress, born at Berkeley, CA, Feb 25, 1944.
Hay produced the 10-volume biography Abraham Lincoln: A
Philip Habib, diplomat, born at Brooklyn, NY, Feb 25, 1920.
History. Born on Feb 26, 1832, at the village of Essington by
George Harrison, musician, born at Liverpool, England, Feb 25,
Landau, Bavaria. He died on Sept 26, 1901, at Washington, DC.
1943.
BIRTHDAYS TODAY
Bobby Riggs (Robert Larimore), tennis player, born at Los
Angeles, CA, Feb 25, 1918.
Mason Adams, actor, born at New York, NY, Feb 26, 1919.
Kurt Rambis, pro basketball player born at Cupertino, CA, Feb
Rolando Blackman, pro basketball player, born at Panama City,
25, 1958.
Panama, Feb 26, 1959.
Otis R. Bowen, US Secretary of Health and Human Services,
FEBRUARY 26 - Sunday
born at Richland Center, IN, Feb 26, 1918.
57th Day - Remaining, 308
Johnny Cash, singer, born at Kingsland, AR, Feb 26, 1932.
Fats Domino (Antoine Domino), singer, songwriter, born at
CODY, WILLIAM FREDERIC (BUFFALO BILL): BIRTH
New Orleans, LA, Feb 26, 1928.
ANNIVERSARY. Feb 26. American frontiersman who claimed
Betty Hutton, actress, born at Battle Creek, MI, Feb 26, 1921.
to have killed more than 4,000 buffaloes was born at Scott
Tony Randall (Leonard Rosenberg), actor, born at Tulsa,
County, IA, on Feb 26, 1846. Subject of many heroic Wild West
OK, Feb 26, 1920.
yarns, Cody became successful as a showman and exhibitionist,
Noboru Takeshita, prime minister of Japan, born at Kakeyama-
taking his acts across the US and to Europe. He died on Jan 10,
chi, Japan, born Feb 26, 1924.
1917, at Denver, CO.
FEBRUARY 27 - Monday
58th Day - Remaining, 307
CANADA: COWICHAN MUSIC FESTIVAL. Feb 27-Mar 10.
Cowichan Theatre, Duncan, BC. Info from: Ministry of Tourism/
Rec/Culture, Parliament Bldg, Victoria, BC, Canada V8V 1X4.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: INDEPENDENCE DAY. Feb 27.
National holiday. Independence gained in 1844 at withdrawal of
Haitians, who had controlled the area for the past 22 years.
FARRELL, JAMES THOMAS: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY.
Feb 27. American author, novelist and short-story writer, best
known for his Studs Lonigan trilogy, born at Chicago, Feb 27,
1904. Died at New York City, Aug 22, 1979.
LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH: BIRTH ANNI-
VERSARY. Feb 27. American poet, born Portland, ME, Feb 27,
1807. Died at Cambridge, MA. Mar 24, 1882.
51
Feb. 2 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
Carolina one of his jobs was milking cows.
and prayed, "Lord, bless mother and daddy,
And one day he was sent out to milk one of
and make it hot for grandmother." [Laugh-
their cows named Brindle, a cow he'd
ter]
never milked before. And he was told that
Well, I suppose there may be some
it was a gentle cow, that it would be very
people in Washington, around the country,
cooperative. When he sat down on the stool
who have already begun to pray, "Make it
to milk the cow, she switched her tail,
hot for George." [Laughter] Those prayers
slapped him in the face, nearly put his eye
will be answered over time. Be patient.
out, a few minutes later kicked the bucket
[Laughter] But I can also tell you from my
all the way across the barn, and then tried
heart that I freely acknowledge my need to
to kick him. And at that point, he began to
hear and to heed the voice of Almighty
wonder if the person who described this
God. I began my Inaugural Address with a
kind and gentle cow had ever sat down
prayer out of a deep sense of need and
next to her in the barn. [Laughter] And I've
desire of God's wisdom in the decisions we
thought of that story in the light of my
face. And if we're to walk together toward
request for America to become a kinder
a more caring, more generous America, let
and gentler nation. It's one thing to request
us all share in paving the way with prayer.
it, and it's another thing to see it actually
Thank you all, and God bless you.
happen. And maybe a lot of folks out there,
cynics, are thinking, Well, if you people in
Note: The President spoke at 9:18 a.m. in
Washington will stop trying to milk us, we'll
the International Crystal Ballroom at the
stop kicking. [Laughter]
Washington Hilton Hotel. In his remarks,
he referred to Representative Bob Stump;
But we're facing some serious opportuni-
Doug Coe, an associate of the National
ties and some great opportunities in our
Prayer Breakfast Movement; gospel singer
country-tough problems and great oppor-
Sandy Patti; Senator Alan K. Simpson; and
tunities. And I believe that a wonderful re-
evangelist Billy Graham.
source in dealing with them is prayer-not
just prayer for what we want but prayer for
what is in the heart of God for us individ-
ually and as a nation. And shouldn't we also
Remarks Following Discussions With
remember, with all that we have to be
Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita of
grateful for, to pause each day to offer a
Japan
prayer of thanksgiving. All of us should not
February 2, 1989
attempt to fulfill the responsibilities we now
have without prayer and a strong faith in
The President. Mr. Prime Minister, ladies
God. Abraham Lincoln said: "I've been
and gentlemen, let me begin by expressing
driven many times to my knees by the
once again on behalf of the American
overwhelming conviction that I have no-
people the condolences on the passing of
where else to go." Surely he was not the
Emperor Showa, a most gentle man of
first President, certainly not the last, to re-
great learning. And I look forward to calling
alize that.
on the new Emperor when I visit Japan
It's not just Presidents. I heard about a
later this month.
It has been a pleasure and honor for Bar-
little boy whose elderly grandmother came
bara and me to welcome you, Mr. Prime
to live with them for the winter. And the
Minister, Mr. Takeshita, to the White
first day the little boy played hard inside
House. You are one of our first official visi
the house, and he wanted to turn the heat
tors, and this reflects the importance
,Gist
down. But grandmother insisted on keeping
place on the relations between our two
it high. And when he opened the windows,
foreign
countries, the strength of our nations' ties,
she closed them. And for several days it
and the promise that our relationship holds
visitor
went on like this, up and down, back and
for the future of the world.
forth, with the little boy too hot and the
Two weeks ago, here in Washington, the
grandmother too cold. After about a week,
United States conducted a ritual that spoke
the little boy knelt beside his bed one night
of both continuity and change. For the 41st
142
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Feb. 2
other and daddy,
time in 200 years, the United States swore
and in further opening our markets to each
nother." [Laugh-
in a new President. And in the transition
other's goods and services. We also recog-
from one President to the next, we Ameri-
nize the need for continued policy efforts in
may be some
cans reaffirmed the strength of our democ-
these areas. The Prime Minister reaffirmed
und the country,
racy and our commitment to values on
Japan's determination to promote strong
o pray, "Make it
which it was built. Japan and the world can
domestic growth and structural adjust-
r] Those prayers
count on the United States to continue to
ments. And I told him that I am deter-
ime. Be patient.
work for peace, democracy, freedom, and
mined to reduce our budget deficit.
tell you from my
justice around the world. The scope of
America's vision is global, and we will con-
In the area of multilateral cooperation,
edge my need to
we agreed that we would continue to co-
pice of Almighty
tinue to shoulder the obligations that
il Address with a
belong to a global power.
ordinate policies through established set-
ase of need and
Continuity will also be the mark of rela-
tings, especially the economic summit. We
will look forward to the next summit meet-
the decisions we
tions between the United States and Japan.
together toward
On occasion, we may have differences, but
ing, which will be held in Paris. We also
rous America, let
these are the differences of friends. And in
agreed on the importance for continued
way with prayer.
the last 40 years, our two nations have been
global prosperity of a successful Uruguay
truly close friends. The peace and prosperi-
round. And we agreed on the importance of
bless you.
ty we both enjoy today are among the fruits
frequent consultation at all levels on eco-
? at 9:18 a.m. in
of that friendship. Simply put: We respect
nomic issues.
Ballroom at the
one another. We need one another. And we
All in all, our talks were positive and
In his remarks,
will continue to work together for the good
forthright, befitting close allies. The Prime
tive Bob Stump;
of our peoples and of all humanity.
Minister and I first met some time ago, and
of the National
During this visit, the Prime Minister and
this week's meetings have helped us
nt; gospel singer
I worked on the continuing business of the
become even better acquainted. We've laid
K. Simpson; and
friendship between our countries. We con-
the groundwork for close cooperation, as
firmed that the treaty of mutual security
we deal with the issues and the opportuni-
and cooperation is the foundation of our
ties of the last decade of the 20th century.
relationship. I noted the importance of
We're glad you came our way, sir.
allies assuming greater responsibilities in
The Prime Minister. Thank you, Mr.
cussions With
the cause of peace. The Prime Minister and
President, for your heartwarming remarks.
Takeshita of
I agreed that these responsibilities take
Mr. President, I wish to convey on behalf of
many forms. In this regard, I applaud
the Japanese people my deepest apprecia-
Japan's pledge to make further significant
tion to the Government and people of the
increases in Overseas Development Assist-
United States for their expression of sympa-
te Minister, ladies
ance programs. At the same time, we be-
thy and condolences on the demise of Em-
gin by expressing
lieve that the most powerful engine for eco-
peror Showa. The people of Japan are also
of the American
nomic development and growth-in fact,
deeply touched that you and Mrs. Bush will
on the passing of
the only engine that works-is the entrepre-
attend the funeral ceremony.
: gentle man of
neur, large and small. And entrepreneur-
Mr. President, looking back upon the 43
forward to calling
ship is a product not of massive aid pack-
years since the end of the war, I am re-
nen I visit Japan
ages but of free and open economies that
minded anew of the friendship and coop-
do not carry crushing burdens of taxation
eration the American people have consist-
nd honor for Bar-
and regulation and that maintain the rule of
ently extended to us through the years. Mr.
: you, Mr. Prime
law, including contract and property law.
President, I am truly grateful that you have
to the White
Along these lines, we agreed on the im-
so graciously invited us to Washington at
r first official visi-
portance of supporting democracy and sus-
this busy time, so soon after your inaugura-
he importance I
tained growth and reform in the Philip-
tion.
between our two
pines. Toward this end, we pledge to make
I appreciate the remarks you have just
our nations' ties,
every effort to launch the Multilateral As-
made on the thoughts we shared in our first
relationship holds
sistance Initiative for the Philippines this
meeting. Our first meeting was truly prom-
year.
ising in opening the perspective into our
1 Washington, the
The Prime Minister and I reviewed the
future. I believe it marked a new start for
ritual that spoke
progress our nations have achieved in
U.S.-Japan cooperation, which will serve to
inge. For the 41st
bringing our economies into better balance
help ensure peace and prosperity for the
143
Feb. 2 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
world, as we move towards the 21st centu-
peoples work together, hand in hand, there
ry. Fortunately, the basis of our cooperative
is nothing we cannot achieve.
relationship is firm and sound. The Japan-
Thank you very much.
U.S. security arrangement upon which this
relationship rests has never been better.
Note: The President spoke at 1:30 p.m. at
The successful solutions we have been able
the South Portico of the White House. The
to achieve regarding bilateral economic
Prime Minister spoke in Japanese, and his
issues have demonstrated the resilience of
remarks were translated by an interpreter.
our relationship. Thus, through a dialog,
Earlier, the President and the Prime Minis-
issues between our two countries can be
ter met in the Oval Office and then attend-
resolved.
ed a luncheon in the Residence.
In sustaining noninflationary growth of
the international economy and in reducing
external imbalances in our economies, the
President and I shared the view that macro-
Nomination of Richard R. Burt for the
economic policy coordination is of crucial
importance. I stated to the President that
Rank of Ambassador While Serving as
the Japanese economy will continue to
United States Negotiator for Strategic
Nuclear Arms
grow through strong domestic demand, that
imports are expected to continue to in-
February 2, 1989
crease, and that structure adjustment efforts
will be further enhanced. The President
The President today announced his inten-
stated that he will make determined efforts
tion to nominate Richard R. Burt for the
to reduce the budget deficit.
rank of Ambassador during his tenure of
The world faces a number of challenges,
service as United States Negotiator for Stra-
but is rich with promises. In your words:
tegic Nuclear Arms. He would succeed Ste-
The new breeze is blowing. Mr. President,
phen R. Hanmer. Since 1985 Mr. Burt has
you and I share the conviction that now is
been Ambassador to the Federal Republic
the time for Japan and the United States to
of Germany. Prior to this he was Assistant
further strengthen policy coordination and
Secretary of State for European and Cana-
dian Affairs, 1983-1985. He was Director of
to joint endeavors in order to create a
better world.
the Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs at the
Department of State, 1981-1982. From
We will consult closely on our policies
1977 to 1980, he served as a correspondent
toward the Soviet Union, which offers new
for the New York Times in Washington,
challenges and opportunities for East-West
DC. He was also assistant director at the
relations. We will work together to ensure
International Institute for Strategic Studies
peace and prosperity in Asia, the Middle
in London, England, 1975-1977.
East, Central and South America, and other
Mr. Burt graduated from Cornell Univer-
parts of the world. We will work together
sity (B.A., 1969) and Fletcher School of Law
to strengthen the free trading system and
and Diplomacy (M.A., 1972). He was born
agree to cooperate closely for the progress
February 3, 1947, in Sewell, Chile. He is
of the Uruguay round negotiations.
married and has one child.
No nation can substitute the United
States as the leader of the democracies
around the world. I look to you, Mr. Presi-
dent, for wise and firm leadership, and you
will have my full support. For my part, I
Nomination of Edith E. Holiday To Be
will continue to pursue my diplomatic goal
General Counsel for the Department of
of Japan contributing more to the world.
the Treasury
Japan and the United States have a
February 2, 1989
number of common tasks ahead. Together
we must take those initiatives to solve the
The President today announced his inten-
many problems facing our world. Our
tion to nominate Edith E. Holiday to be
meeting today confirmed that if our two
General Counsel for the Department of the
144
Egua
181.
SET.
PN4305
O4B7a
V.6
WHRC
L₁ COMPLETE SPEAKER'S
AND
TOASTMASTER'S LIBRARY
Proverbs, Epigrams, Aphorisms,
Sayings, and Bon Mots
by Jacob M. Braude
PRENTICE-HALL, INC.
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
EDUCATION
Education
Envy
167. Better untaught than ill taught.
178.
Never envy a man unless you
168. Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age.
with him.
169. Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop
179. Don't just envy another's good
back.
that helped earn it.
-Chinese
170. Those who do not study are only cattle dressed up in men's
Epigram-Epigrams
clothes.
-Chinese
180.
He misses what is meant
171. By nature all men are alike, but by education become dif-
Who thinks it only frivol
ferent.
Equality
Efficiency
181.
The only real equality is in the
172. Better go than send.
-Chinese
Effort
182. If all men were on an equali
that all must perish; for who would till t]
173. Life without endeavor is like entering a jewel-mine and
who would plant? who would press wine
coming out with empty hands.
Japanese
Equivocation
Enemy-Enemies
174. An open enemy is better than a false friend.
183. Equivocation is first cousin to
-Greek
175. There is no such thing as an insignificant enemy.
Escape
-French
184. Of all the thirty-six alternati
176. One enemy can harm you more than a hundred friends can
do you good.
-German
Esteem
177. One enemy is too much for a man in a great post, and a
hundred friends are too few.
185. Many are esteemed, only be
18
DOG IN THE MANGER
320
321
headed beings are called in Lithua
Basically, the principle is that of the
Käh-gyur, used as p
seeing in 1854 the Bashkirs, Kalmuks,
ier "bee," whereby the beneficiary of
lãmas as incantatio
the Russian army, considered them as the dogheaded
group labor pays no money for the services rendered
ill-fortune. All lite
people. Byzantine influence (via Russia) is also possible.
him, but must provide food for the group. New World
of this collection, S
(M. J. Eisen, Estnische Mythologie, pp. 202-06) [JB]
forms reported are the combite in Haiti, and the gayap
believed to ward of
Dog in the Manger Title of one of Asop's fables
of Trinidad. In Dahomey, the dokpwe also functions
domare dansen I
(Jacobs #40) in which the dog, lying in a manger full
importantly in the rites of death, its chief, or dok-
Swedish folk dance
of hay, snarled and bit at the horse (or ox) when he
pwegân, being in charge of funerals in the district
came and tried to eat. This fable comprises the wide-
where he exercises control over the men in directing
a central figure wit
lost but probably I
spread European motif (W156): the common phrase dog
their group labor. [MJH]
ifying flame, resul
in the manger having become a by-word for the selfish
doll A small figure made from various materials to
terms of the Christ
person who begrudges to others even what he cannot
resemble a baby, boy, girl, man, woman: often for a
domovik or domo
use himself.
child to play with, but used in many cultures for vari-
household spirit, :
dogwood Two types of dogwood have been known
ous other purposes. The doll for play is known among
the family, who W
since early times. Red dogwood or dogberry, hounds-
almost all people and is of great antiquity in its use as
tants of the hous
tree, pricke-timber, gater tree (Cornus sanguinea) grew
child entertainment and companionship. It was known in
and was named from the practice of bathing dogs in a
Egypt as early as 1900 B.C., among the Greeks, Romans,
probably the inhe
snake-ancestor cu
decoction of the berries or bark to cure them of mange.
Japanese, and the East Indians. Dolls have been found
stove; he likes fir
The berries yielded an oil used in lamps, and the wood
in graves in Europe and elsewhere, where from various
the family disple
made a superior charcoal for the manufacture of gun-
indications they were used as playthings. In ancient
When the family
powder. Cornel tree or cornelian-cherry (C. mas) was
times dolls were made of clay, wax, or dough; they are
carried to the nev
cultivated for its highly prized edible berries. Galen, a
still sometimes made of wood and painted. In America,
there as the new
2nd century Greek physician, claimed that the leaves,
even a corncob dressed in a bit of cloth often served for
man, looking ve
when laid in deep green wounds, were an effective cure,
a doll for the frontier child. Throughout a succession of
family. His corr
but not for small wounds in tender flesh.
periods in which rag dolls, wax dolls, china dolls, were
"he" or "himsel
Flowering dogwood (Cynoxylon florida), the most
made, to the plastic dolls of today, great ingenuity has
the supper is left
common American variety, was used by Indian tribes of
been used, even to the making of unique dolls out of
bustles about in
the eastern United States as medicine. The Nanticoke
shells, nuts, and other unusual things.
the intrusion of
Indians tell of a grasping chief with four beautiful
Dolls are significant in the folklore of the Chinese as
someone brushes
daughters. Many braves sought these attractive maidens
fertility charms: a woman who desires a child carries a
the person is hai
but the chief said they would go to the braves who
doll on her back in the hope of becoming a mother.
are smooth, the
brought the richest gifts. Soon his lodge was piled high
Similar doll customs obtain in Russia, France, Sweden,
several kinds of
with furs and other articles of value, but the gods were
and elsewhere. The dolls on our American wedding
the ovinnik, or
angered with the chief for his greed, and they turned
cakes, ostensibly bride and groom, probably are a carry-
spirit. Every ho
him into a gnarled tree. His daughters are the four
over of this symbolism, as is the cake itself.
As a charm, the doll is effective. In general European
Dôn In Bryt
white bracts, and the flowers are the gifts.
The Indians of the eastern United States made a de-
practice a doll was often given to a sick child to serve
Son of Mathon
coction of the bark which they gave to warriors fevered
as a scapegoat, i.e. for letting the disease go out of the
ion, Gilvaethwy
with battle wounds. The colonists used this medicine
child into the doll. Such uses are known also in Borneo
Kilhwch, also
for malaria with good results, and today we know that
and the Celebes. The doll is used in love oracles. To
opeia was calle
it contains the active principle of quinine. This knowl-
deceive witches or fairies, a doll is often put in the
preted as a go
cradle so that no changeling may be foisted on the
Danu of Old I
edge was particularly valuable to the Confederacy dur-
ing the Civil War when the blockade cut them off from
parents. In the Middle Ages, dolls were used in
Donar The
South American sources of quinine. Today it is used
the practice of magic, a use later transferred to America
ing to the Nor
principally as a stimulant to the appetite. The Cataw-
wherever the practice of "black magic" occurred. (See
bas say the raw berries are good for chills. In New-
ENVOÛTEMENT). As a charm against bombers in Paris,
door A hing
foundland and among some North American Indian
and before that in 1919 as a protection against influenza,
opening an en
tribes children are passed through the limbs of the dog-
people carried about with them dolls representing a
but frequentl
Whether used
wood to make them immune to children's diseases, and
man and a woman.
as a cure for rupture. Those cured in this way are sup-
Of great interest is the doll as vegetation dæmon. All
doors play a 1
over the British Isles and on the Continent, it was the
area. The do
posed to feel acute pain when dogwood sticks are
burned in the fire. In Tennessee they say that if you
custom to make a doll out of the last sheaf harvested.
threatens from
The doll was called the "Old Woman" or the "Maiden,"
takes of a sa
chew dogwood you will lose your sweetheart, but in the
southern mountains they make an essence of the bark,
the former referring to the yield just past and the
doorway: lint
a few drops of which in a tumbler of whisky is con-
latter to the following hoped-for harvest. In Scotland,
Various rit
such as sacri
sidered very salubrious. Red osier (C. stolonifera), the
this image was called the carline or Old Woman (see
CAILLEAČ). In Germany it was called variously, Bride,
spirits. Chart
inner bark of which was used as part of the Indian kin-
Oats-Bride, or Wheat-Bride; in Bulgaria its name is
reverence pa
nikinnick (tobacco mixture), was very highly thought of.
Corn-Queen or Corn-Mother. In most localities the doll
fore entering
Rough dogwood or real-arrow tree (C. asperfolia) was
kissing the
used by the Dakota and Pawnee Indians for the shafts
is taken, sometimes with pomp and ceremony, to a cer-
of arrows, and by the Chippewa to lure muskrats and
tain farmhouse and fastened on the wall. For the Doll
bride over i
threshold; st
as a remedy for sore eyes.
Festival of Japan, see JAPANESE FOLKLORE. [GPS]
starting on
dokpwe Dahomean term for a cooperative men's work
Dö-mañ or mDo-mañ gzun bsdus A collection of
sneezing wa
society of the kind widely spread in West Africa and in
mystic formulas, culled from the Do of the Tibetan
threshold; a
actress
Rain man
OH
MS
6H
JF
Dang havisons
TH
GC
Miss
EJO
{
MG
are
MVS
SW
work
3:00 pm
DR
T
Jim Kelly
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH TO JAPAN
FEBRUARY 22 - 25, 1989
Wednesday, February 22, 1989
6:30 am
Depart Andrews AFB en route Elmendorf AFB,
Anchorage, Alaska
(Flying Time: 7 Hours 30 Minutes)
(Time Change: Back 4 Hours)
10:00 am
Arrive Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, Alaska
(2:00 pm EST)
(Refuel: 1 Hour 30 Minutes)
11:30 am
Depart Elmendorf AFB en route Tokyo, Japan
(Flying Time: 7 Hours 40 Minutes)
(Time Change: Ahead 18 Hours)
(CROSS INTERNATIONAL DATELINE)
Thursday, February 23, 1989
1:10 pm
Arrive Haneda Airport, Tokyo, Japan
Embaress/curt
(11:10 pm on
2/22/89 EST)
1:20 pm
Depart Haneda Airport en route Hotel Okura
1:35 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura
2:00 pm
Participate in Luncheon with President Mitterand
3:30 pis
Conclude Luncheon
3:45 pm
Depart Hotel Okura en route Akasaka Palace
3:55 pm
Arrive Akasaka Palace for Call on Prime Minister
Takeshita
4:35 pm
Depart Akasaka Palace en route Hotel Okura
4:45 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR 15 MINUTES)
6:00
Participate in Bilaterals
9:00
Conclude Bilaterals
RON
Friday, February 24, 1989
(PERSONAL STAFF TIME)
9:45 am
Depart Hotel Okura en route Shinjuku Park
10:00 am
Arrive Shinjuku Park for Funeral Ceremony
10:10 am Ceremony of Imperial House begins
11:45 am Ceremony concludes
11:55 am Ceremony of State begins
12:50 pm
Depart Shinjuku Park en route Hotel Okura
1:05 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR 55 MINUTES)
3:00 pm
Participate in Bilaterals
6:00 pm
Conclude Bilaterals
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR)
7:00 pm
Depart Hotel Okura en route Akasaka Palace
7:15 pm
Arrive Akasaka Palace for Prime Minister's
Reception
7:45 pm
Depart Akasaka Palace en route Hotel Okura
8:00 pm
Arrive Hotel Okura for RON
Saturday. February 25, 1989
9:45 am
Depart Hotel Okura en route Imperial Palace
9:55 am
Arrive Imperial Palace for Audience with Emperor
10:15 am
Depart Imperial Palace en route Hotel Okura
10:25 am
Arrive Hotel Okura
(PRIVATE TIME: 35 MINUTES)
11:00
Participate in Bilaterals
12:00 no
Conclude Bilaterals
12:15 pm
Depart Hotel Okura en route Haneda Airport
12:30 pm
Arrive Haneda Airport
12:45 pm
Depart Tokyo, Japan en route Beijing, China
(10:45 pm
on 2/24/89 EST)
(Flying Time: 4 Hours 15 Minutes)
( Interchange: 30 Minutes)
(Time Change: Back 1 Hour)
(Food Service:
)
Revised 2/6/89 5:15
TIVE SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
BEIJING, CHINA
FEBRUARY 25 - 27, 1989
4:30 pm
Arrive Beijing International Airport, Beijing,
(3:30 am EST)
China
4:45 pm
Depart Beijing International Airport en route
Diaoyutai State Guest House
5:15 pm
Arrive Diacyutai State Guest House
Note: Brief Greeting with official host-
expected
(PRIVATE TIME: 45 MINUTES)
6:00 pm
Depart Diacyutai State Guest House en route
Great Hall of the People
6:15 pm
Arrive Great Hall of the People for Meeting and
Banquet with President Yang Shangkun
6:20 pm Meeting begins
tabst
7:05 pm Banquet begins
9:00 pm
Depart Great Hall of the People en route Diacyutai
State Guest House
9:15 pm
Arrive Discyutai State Guest House for RON
Sunda
26. 1989
7:45
Depart Diaoyutai State Guest House en route
Chongwennen Protestant Church
8:00 am
Arrive Chongwennen Protestant Church for Service
9:15 am
Depart Chongwennen Protestant Church en route
Great Hall of the People
9:30 am
Arrive Great Hall of the People and proceed to
TBD Hall for Bilateral Meeting with
Premier Li Peng
10:45
Conclude Meeting, depart TBD Hall, and proceed
to Fujian Hall.
10:48 am
Arrive Fujian Hall for Meeting and Banquet with
Chairman Deng Xiaoping
10:50 am Meeting begins
11:50 am Luncheon begins
1:15 pm
Depart Great Hall of the People en route
International Club
42A
1:25 pm
Arrive International Club for Drop-By
1:40 pm
Depart International Club en route Ambassador
Lord's Residence
X
1:45 pm
Arrive Ambassador Lord's Residence for Embassy
Community Greeting
2:20 pm
Depart Ambassador Lord's Residence en route
Diaoyutai State Guest House
2:35 pm
Arrive Diaoyutai State Guest House
(PRIVATE TIME: 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES)
4:05 pm
Depart Diaoyutai State Guest House en route
Great Hall of the People
4:20 pm
Arrive Great Hall of the People for Bilateral
Meeting with Party General Secretary Zhao Ziyang
5:30 pm
Depart Great Hall of the People en route Diaoyutai
State Guest House
5:45
Arrive Diaoyutai State Guest House for Private
Time
(PRIVATE TIME: 45 MINUTES)
6:30 pm
Depart Diaoyutai State Guest House en route
The Great Wall Sheraton Hotel
6:50 pm
Arrive The Great Wall Sheraton Hotel for Dinner
hosted by President Bush
9:00 pm
Depart The Great Wall Sheraton Hotel en route
loast
Disoyutai State Guest House
9:20 pm
Arrive Diaoyutai State Guest House for RON
Mond
27. 1989
7:00
Depart Diaoyutai State Guest House en route
Beijing International Airport
7:30 am
Arrive Beijing International Airport
7:45 am
Depart Beijing, China en route Seoul, Korea
(Flying Time: 2 Hours 45 Minutes)
(Interchange: 30 Minutes)
(Time Change: Ahead 1 Hour)
(Food Service:
TATIVE SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
SEOUL, KOREA
FEBRUARY 27, 1989
12:15 pm
Arrive K-16 Airport, Seoul, Korea.
(10:15 pm
on 2/26 EST)
12:25 pm
Depart K-16 Airport via Marine One en route
Blue House.
(Flying Time: 20 Minutes)
12:45 pm
Arrive Blue House for Meeting and Luncheon with
President Roh Tae Woo.
12:50 pm Meeting begins.
14
1:15 pm
Luncheon begins.
2:30 pm
Depart Blue House via Marine One en route
National Assembly.
(Flying Time: 15 Minutes)
2:45
pm
Arrive National Assembly for Speech and Greetings
with Party Leaders.
magroped
3:30 pm
Depart National Assembly via Marine One en route
Ambassador's Residence.
(Flying Time: 10 Minutes)
3:40 pm
Arrive Ambassador's Residence for American
Community Greeting.
4:20
Depart Ambassador's Residence via Marine One en
route K-16 Airport.
(Flying Time: 15 Minutes)
4:35 pm
Arrive K-16 Airport.
4:45 pm
Depart Seoul, Korea en route Elmendorf,
AFB, Anchorage, Alaska
(2:45 am EST)
(Flying Time: 7 Hours 30 Minutes)
( Interchange: 30 Minutes)
(Time Change: Back 18 Hours)
(Food Service:
)
6:45 am
Arrive Elmendorf AFB, Anchorage, Alaska
(10:45 am EST)
[Alaskavis
(Refuel: 1 Hour 15 Minutes)
8:00 am
Depart Anchorage, Alaska en route Andrews AFB
(12:00 pm EST)
(Flying Time: 6 Hours 30 Minutes)
( Interchange: None)
(Time Change: Ahead 4 Hours)
(Food Service:
)
6:30 pm
Arrive Andrews AFB
6:35 pm
Depart Andrews AFB en route White House
(Flying Time: 10 Minutes)
6:45 pm
Arrive White House
CC: S. Studdert
J. Keller
G. Fendler
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 10, 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR The Chief of Staff
Joe Hagin
Brent Scowcroft
Ed Rogers
David Bates
Robert Guttman
Richard Breeden
Susan Porter Rose
Andrew Card
Patty Presock
James Cicconi
Tim McBride
David Demarest
Laurie Firestone
Marlin Fitzwater
Tony Lopez
Boyden Gray
David Valdez
Fred McClure
Jean Lamb
Bonnie Newman
Speechwriting Office
Roger Porter
USSS/PPD
Steve Studdert
WHCA Audio/Visual
Chase Untermeyer
WHCA Operations
FROM:
JOHN G. KELLER, JR.
J&K
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
DIRECTOR OF PRESIDENTIAL ADVANCE
SUBJECT:
TRIP OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE FAR EAST
For your use and planning purposes, the attached is a tentative
outline schedule for the Trip of the President to the Far East.
As you will see, departure is Wednesday, February 22, at 6:30 a.m.,
from Andrews Air Force Base. Please keep in mind that the
following information has not been finally approved.
Attachments
COUNTRY VISITED
DATE OF VISIT
PRESIDENT
Italy:
1963 July 1-2
Kennedy
Rome, Naples
Italy:
1967 December 23
Johnson
Rome
Italy:
1969 February 27-28
Nixon
Rome
Italy:
1970 September 27-30
Nixon
Rome, Naples
Italy:
1975 June 3
Ford
Rome
Italy:
1980 June 19-24
Carter
Rome, Venice
Italy:
1982 June 7
Reagan
Rome
Jamaica:
1982 April 7-8
Reagan
Kingston
Japan:
1974 November 19-22
Ford
Tokyo, Kyoto
Japan:
1979 June 25-29
Carter
Tokyo, Shimoda
Japan:
1980 July 9-10
Carter
Tokyo
Jordan:
1974 June 17-18
Nixon
Amman
31
The
Economist
Scramble for Asia
A
GORBACHEV beam, a Deng hand of
Vietnamese power.
welcome and the old quarrel between
Meanwhile the unravelling goes on. With
Russia and China will soon be mended. Yet
the war in Afghanistan also winding down,
the spring summit being fixed up by their for-
America's ally, Pakistan, now has less to fear
eign ministers in Beijing this week holds none
from Russia, as the Soviet foreign minister,
of the old perils for the West. Thirty years ago
Mr Edward Shevardnadze, will no doubt be
communism's great rift was the West's great
explaining when he stops in Pakistan on his
gain, because it left Russia with enemies on
way back from Beijing this weekend. Some-
two fronts. The West's worry, if the rift got
thing there for Russia perhaps.
mended, was that soldiers from Russia's east-
But not all the changes are at America's
ern front would go to its western one. Times
expense. India has less to fear these days from
have changed. Mr Gorbachev sees his army as
a China that is largely engaged in internal re-
an asset to be stripped-on both fronts-to aid a sickly econ-
construction-unless, improbably, India and China clash
omy. Like Mr Deng, he looks west for trade and technology,
over a country such as Burma. Mr Rajiv Gandhi certainly
not for target practice. But as Russia and China get pally
wants to make sure that India's economy does not suffer (In-
again, note the new scramble in the world's fastest-changing
dia supplanted China as Russia's chief Asian trading partner
continent. And worry, perhaps, about Mr Gorbachev's
in the 1960s and 1970s). He is still in close touch with his
dreams for unpicking the pattern of power in Asia.
friends the Gorbachevs. But in the past three months he has
The first bits of unknotting, in Asia's communist-run
also got back on speaking terms with his arch-enemies, China
parts, have been welcome ones. Recognising that Russia's war
and Pakistan. India was never in Russia's pocket. Its bloody
in Afghanistan has won it no friends in Asia or anywhere else,
peace-keeping operation in Sri Lanka and more successful
Mr Gorbachev has unflinchingly ordered his troops out (see
foray in the Maldives show that India has clout and means to
page 31). He has leaned so hard on Vietnam to end its occu-
use it. In a looser Asia, this more assertive India could be less
pation of Kampuchea that peace talks there stand their best
to Russia's liking.
chance yet. Vietnam, once arrogant and secure in the protec-
Any setback there, however, would be more than com-
tion that siding with Russia against China bought, is now cau-
pensated for if Mr Gorbachev got what he wanted in north-
tiously mending fences with both China and America and
east Asia. America has always had more friends there than
exploring prospects for trade and aid with its neighbours in
Russia, so it stands to lose most. Getting friendly again with
South-East Asia. Even mayhem-making North Korea, once
China has helped Mr Gorbachev shed the image of Russia-in-
competed for by both Russia and China and so controlled by
Asia as everybody's over-armoured threat on the horizon. An
neither, now feels it prudent to mind its manners.
amiable-looking Mr Gorbachev wants South Korean and Jap-
But it is-not just the communist world's awkward squad
anese technology, knowhow and cash to help fix his broken
that is beginning to feel uncomfortable in the glow of a new
economy. South Korea is more eager than Japan to take up
China-Russia friendship. All across Asia, the settling of old
the offers of joint ventures in Siberia and the Soviet Far East.
quarrels brings with it opportunities for new relationships,
But if growing economic ties could somehow be spun into
and in some places the prospect of an unsettling peace.
better political ties, Japan would be the grand prize.
Here Mr Gorbachev will find the unpicking of old alli-
Where America has more to lose
ances the hardest. Japan is America's closest friend in Asia,
When President Bush stops in Beijing on his way back from
Russia the chief threat to Japan's security. Further, Russia
Hirohito's funeral later this month, he will want to be reas-
holds on to a clutch of little islands in the Kuriles that Japan
sured that the new opening to Russia will not close China's
claims as its own. Meanwhile, snuggled safely under Ameri-
door to the West. It is an assurance he will get, but from a
ca's nuclear umbrella, Japan has built up its economy into the
China with more elbow-room for foreign overtures than it
strongest in Asia. The connections between the two, in trade
has enjoyed for years. The winding down of Vietnam's occu-
and finance, are woven tight. The visit to Washington this
pation of Kampuchea, welcome though it is, leaves America's
week by Japan's prime minister, Mr Noboru Takeshita, the
friends in the Association of South-East Asian Nations free to
first foreign guest at the Bush White House, is a reminder of
start worrying more about China's growing military clout in
that. No wonder Japan is still immune to Gorbymania.
the region (witness last year's battles with Vietnam in the
But will Japan be forever immune to the irritations that
South China sea over the Spratly islands) than about Soviet-
have led both South Korea and the Philippines to chafe at
THE ECONOMIST FEBRUARY 4 1989
11
America's military embrace? Though the West seems not to
parallel to America's; it has too much to lose to be tempted
have noticed, mately the bigges: of the military cuts
away from the West. But how long before-a declining threat
announced by Mr Gathachev last December will come not
from Russia combines with bursting economic self-confi-
from Europe but from Asia (40% of the cuts are in the
dence to produce a Japan less automatically respectful of its
roughly 25% of Soviet forces in Russia's Far Eastern Military
American friend, more assertive in trade disputes and per-
Theatre). So far those disputed islands have seemed as mili-
haps more ready to look to Russia and Eastern Europe, not
tarily important to Russin as they are emotionally important
just America and Western Europe, as an outlet for its eco-
to Japan. But then, just five years ago, the obstacles to better
nomic energies? That sort of Japan would occasionally irritate
Russian relations with ( China looked insurmountable too.
the hell out of America, much as Western Europe does today.
For the foreseeable future Japan's basic interests will run
Mr Gorbachev has something to aim at.
January's run
120
Stockmarkets
Oct 15 1987=100
Tokyo
100
New York
80
London
87
88
89
It is quite natural to want to know whether shares will rise or fall. Quite futile too
60
Ask son some thought lul investors whether they expect the
odds in their favour. It seems absurd for economists to debate
industrial a onomies to grow as quickly this year as
the "efficiency" of these markets. How can a market be effi-
they did in 1988. Pausing only to snort at such a daft ques-
cient when it deems America's quoted companies to be worth
tion, they will say no. Ask them why. Some will say economic
$200 billion more on January 31st than they had been one
expansions cannot last for ever (America's is now in its sev-
month of mostly bad news earlier? How can it be efficient for
enth year, you know): more may point to the worldwide trend
national markets sometimes to behave as if they were one,
of rising interest rates (which has gathered pace in recent
sometimes as though in isolation?
weeks); and some will vite any of several other good reasons
The first of these questions is based on a misunderstand-
for expecting growth 111 falter. These investors would have
ing of "efficiency". An efficient bourse does not measure the
said much the same at any time during the past month. And
one, true intrinsic value of the companies traded on it. Such
they would have been only too pleased to explain their gloom
values do not exist. Like any other marketed thing, a share is
at greater length, except that they had so little time, on ac-
worth what somebody is willing to pay for it. What people are
count of being in such a rush to buy as many shares as possi-
willing to pay is a volatile blend of what investors might call
ble before supplies ran out.
intrinsic value-the discounted flow of expected earnings,
January saw what looked like a buyers' panic. Wall Street
which is itself a bundle of changing guesses about the
rose by S% (giving investors an annualised return of 150%),
future-and their guesses of what others will be willing to pay.
Tokyo by 5% (80%) and London by 14% (380%). Analysts in
An efficient bourse is simply one that leaves no related bits of
all three markets found plenty of not-too-convincing reasons
usable information unused. This means that the history of
for the rises once they had happened. London's surge was
share prices is no guide to their short-term future-and in
pinned on the belief that British interest rates had peaked;
that sense stockmarkets are indeed a lottery. Like tossing a
Wall Street's, by contrast, on the belief that American inter-
coin: ten heads in a row do not improve the odds of getting a
est rates would carry on rising to choke off higher inflation
tail on the eleventh.
(thus promising a stronger dollar, thus ensuring that foreign
So the strange-looking rally of the past month, or for that
investors would conninue to be willing buyers of American
matter the crash of 1987, actually has no bearing on the effi-
stocks). Analysts in Japan talked of an investment boom in
ciency of stockmarkets. The proof of inefficiency would be if
Russia and China; analysts in continental Europe of an in-
more than a handful of investors consistently beat the market
vestment boom in Emppe (in anticipation of 1992).
as a whole, year after year. In markets like New York and
In that there is a second oddity-besides the apparent
London, such investors are fantastically rare.
readiness of investors 11) put their money where their eco-
nomic forecasts aren':- The crash of October 1987 seemed at
Of anchors and chains
least to settle one question. There was no longer any such
This is not to say that economic "fundamentals" have no ef-
thing as a national stockmarket: a virtually instantaneous
fect on the markets. Through their influence on guesses of
global crash showed that equities are now traded in a single
intrinsic value, judgments about profits and interest rates are
global marketplace. Rack Monday was the brutal proof of
an anchor for prices-but a shiftable one, attached to a
financial integration. A little over a year later, if the analysts
stretchable chain. Those who said that the markets were fun-
are right. the markets are disconnected again. It is as though a
damentally overvalued in September 1987-citing, eg, a
mysterious conducto; is at work when bourses are unhappy,
growing yield gap all around the world, and a price-earnings
who for some reason inves them to improvise when cheerful.
ratio of 22 on Wall Street against a historical average of
Such muddled Banking feeds the popular gripe that
13-were not talking nonsense when they said that the chain
stockmarkets are an unfathomable lottery-for all but the
had stretched a long way, and might eventually shrink. But
dishonest few who in use inside information to stack the
they were indeed talking nonsense when they said the chain
12
THE ECONOMIST FEBRUARY 4 1989
ASIA
to the resistance. Many junior civil servants
ing Kabulis. Most people just want the war
for a world role to match it. Another is the
are said to be staying away from work-but
to end. But if civilians were strongly moved
extent of the ties binding these two Pacific
that may be because the fuel shortage has hit
either for or against the government they
powers in what both have started calling
the bus service.
could still help tip the balance.
their "special relationship": ties of leader
An elite Special Guard has been put in
The guerrillas' big advantage is that
and led, debtor and creditor, producer and
charge of the capital's defence. The Rus-
they seem to be winning. But their squeeze
consumer. It is likely that the world role Ja-
sians have provided plenty of weapons, and
on the capital could turn people against
pan is seeking will be shaped by the charac-
when the Soviet defence minister visited Ka-
them. Kabul is suffering its coldest winter
ter of that special relationship.
bul on January 28th for the first time since
for 16 years. Guerrilla blockades have left
Of its two main strands, security and
the invasion, he apparently promised more.
food scarce; prices doubled in January and
economics, the defence tie seems the more
Party members have been given guns and
have tripled since September. Evidently the
settled. Both sides will continue to value
trained to use them. More civilians are being
guerrillas realise that they are not making
American troops on Japanese soil (60,000 at
recruited for militia duties, freeing the army
themselves popular by hurting the civilians:
present) and the American nuclear umbrella
for tougher work.
when the Russians airlifted in relief supplies
over Japanese heads, however things go with
The army's loyalty is uncertain. Morale
in late January, the resistance announced
Mr Gorbachev. But the economic tie is
among the mostly press-ganged troops is
plans to send food in from Pakistan.
changing fast: for the stronger.
low. They may take their cue from the civil-
The nervous city is talking about mili-
America is Japan's main trading part-
ians, who fear some of the guerrillas as much
tary coups. Dissident officers might take
ner; Japan is America's second biggest after
as they admire others. The name of Mr
over on behalf of the guerrillas-command-
Canada. Japanese-American trade reached
Ahmad Shah Massoud, a guerrilla com-
ers such as Mr Massoud claim to have
$112 billion last year. Japanese firms are the
mander who has become something of a folk
friends in the army who are ready to desert
fourth biggest foreign direct investors in
hero, rouses a smile or a cheer in the bazaar.
to them-or off their own bat. But Kabul is
America (a stock of $40 billion), while
But Mr Gulbuddin Heckmatyar, a funda-
expecting a longish siege. That will be a nov-
American companies are the biggest in Ja-
mentalist leader whose student supporters
elty for the guerrillas, whose military experi-
pan (about $17 billion). Japan finances a
have been known to throw acid at unveiled
ence does not stretch much beyond hit-and-
third of America's yearly budget deficit.
women, goes down badly with the easy-go-
run raids. Kabul may teach them patience.
America's fourth biggest carmaker, and its
top exporter of cars to Japan, is Honda.
The flow of trade and investment is be-
Japan and America
latedly being matched by a flow of people
Born to be wed
and ideas, although the flow is mostly from
Japan. Some 550,000 Americans visit Japan
each year while 2.1m Japanese go to Amer-
FROM OUR TOKYO CORRESPONDENT
ica. There are 20,000 Japanese studying at
American universities and 1,800 Americans
F
IRST came a visit to the United Nations
ahead of reality, particularly in view of the
in Japanese universities: More than 102,000
in New York, to make Japan's ritual
popular distrust of Japan in the United
Japanese live in America (nearly twice as
bow to peace. Mr Noboru Takeshita and the
States and an exaggerated sense in some Jap-
many as in 1982) while 70,000 Americans
UN secretary-general discussed a disarma-
anese circles that America is in decline. Nev-
live in Japan. Nearly 40 American states
ment conference Japan is holding in April. It
ertheless, there are some solid things behind
maintain offices in Japan; 12 Japanese pre-
was a gentle way into the main business of
Mr Okomoto's musings. One is Japan's in-
fectures have offices in America.
the Japanese prime minister's visit this week
creasing economic strength, and its search
Not that this prevents bickering. Ameri-
to the United States. This business began
next day, Thursday, when he was due to
meet President Bush. He was the new presi-
dent's first foreign guest.
By then Mr Takeshita had got over his
jet-lag and had had time to brood over the
brief prepared for him by Mr Yukio
Okomoto, who runs the America desk at
the Japanese foreign ministry. The brief re-
flected the ministry's somewhat arrogant
view of the world. Now that America and
Japan have sorted out their little local diffi-
culties on trade, Mr Okomoto suggested,
they could together take the world in hand;
and the world would be the better for it.
The brief discussed the role of the So-
viet Union, which also has ideas about lead-
ing the world. It proposed merging Japan's
and America's plans for third-world debt. It
suggested setting up two committees, one of
cabinet ministers, one of businessmen and
academics, to "cartelise" policy on defence,
aid, economic co-operation and other mat-
ters of global concern. Japanese love a cartel
as much as they love a committee.
Japan's foreign-ministry officials may be
letting their imaginations run fancifully
32
THE ECONOMIST FEBRUARY 4 1989
cans complain that Japan does not pay
America's postwar ward. With their new
It is a fair swap. Russian factories want
enough for its defence (Mr Bush's new de-
emperor, the Japanese feel strongly that they
China's Great Wall computers, dinosaurs
fence secretary, Mr John Tower, is the latest
are entering a new eΓa in a broader sense.
by western standards but a rare find in the
to express this view). They say that Japan's
They hope it is matched by America's
Soviet Union. For its part, China is squan-
foreign policy is still yen-denominated. They
change of president, although Mr Bush's ap-
dering much foreign exchange on North
complain about still-closed markets. And
pointment of Mr Michael Armacost, a high
American logs, when Siberia is full of trees.
they feel Japan too readily takes a free ride
State Department official, as America's new
The Chinese scent a killing in all this. Dele-
on American leadership and technology.
ambassador in Tokyo suggests a desire for
gations from capitalist-wise southern China
Japanese reply that Americans make Ja-
continuity rather than change.
are turning up in Heihe to negotiate barter
pan a scapegoat for their own shortcomings
Among some Japanese, young and old,
deals and joint ventures with the Russians.
in economic management. They do not say,
the new mood can release the arrogant view
The traders have to improvise. If you
but know, that Japan's defence spending is
of Japan-as-number-one that is rarely far
want to fly from a Russian regional centre to
now (using the NATO method of calculating)
from the surface. Yet that sense is at odds
a Chinese one, you go by way of Moscow
exceeded only by America's and Russia's.
with another strong Japanese instinct: to
and Beijing, which adds half the world to
They do say that no country spends more on
feel more secure when someone else leads
your journey. It can take a week to get a tele-
foreign aid than theirs. And they grouse
and Japan follows. All of which may make
phone call from Blagoveshchensk to
that America wants Japan to share the costs
this "special relationship", though quarrel-
Heihe-via operators in Moscow, Beijing
of world leadership but not leadership itself.
some, as big a deal as Mr Okomoto's brief
and Harbin. But parleys are held on the
Japan no longer likes being regarded as
argued it would be.
Amur when either side hoists a red flag,
showing there is business to be done.
The Amur, which the Chinese call the
China and Russia
Heilongjiang, still looks like a military zone.
At night the Russians, behind their guard
How many trees for a computer?
towers and walls, sweep the river with their
huge searchlights. The Chinese are more re-
laxed (or perhaps just poorer), but border
FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT IN HEIHE
formalities take an hour, and no westerners
T
HE Soviet foreign minister, Mr Edward
East. In October the railway line linking
are allowed to cross. Individual Chinese
Shevardnadze, arrived in China on Feb-
Heihe to Harbin, the capital of China's
tourists can exchange up to 70 yuan ($19),
ruary 1st to do the last-minute tidying-up for
province of Heilongjiang, is to be reopened.
for which they get 50 roubles. That is
a summit meeting in the spring between Mr
Stalin's victorious troops removed nearly
enough for Chinese gawkers, since there is
Mikhail Gorbachev and Mr Deng Xiaoping.
200 miles of track from this part of China as
not much to buy in the Soviet Union. Rus-
This sounds momentous: it is 30 years since
booty at the end of the war with Japan; for
sian tourists do not get enough currency for
the last Chinese-Soviet summit, and since
defence reasons, the Chinese never replaced
the Chinese beer, silks and awful plastic
the communist world's great schism opened
them-until now. Later a railway bridge will
"handicrafts" they relish.
up. In fact, this summit will mainly be set-
be built across the Amur to connect China
ting the seal on a process of reconciliation
with Russia's Trans-Siberian line.
SOVIET UNION
that has already gone far. Just how far is
The Russians are preparing to export
Moscow
Trans-Siberlan Railway
clear along the Chinese-Russian border in
electricity and liquefied gas to the
China's north-east.
energy-starved Chinese. The two
SOVIET UNION
Harbin
This border, most of which is marked by
countries are dusting off plans,
AMUR
Beljing
the Amur river (see map), has an unfriendly
shelved for 30 years, for a big hy-
CHINA
history. Twenty years ago fighting between
dro-electric plant on the Amur.
Blagoveshchensk
Russia and China broke out along the east-
Blagoveshchensk, an industrial
Heihe
Khabarovsk
ern part of the Amur. Ten years ago Soviet
town, has grand ambitions: al-
tanks were poised on the Russian river bank
ready an open city, it has asked for
opposite the Chinese border town of Heihe;
permission to establish a Chinese-
HERLONGJIANG
they were there to menace China after its
style "special economic zone".
Harbin
attack on Vietnam, Russia's ally. These days
There is no shortage of busi-
trucks roll across the river from Heihe carry-
ness schemes in this part of Russia,
More people may
CHINA
Viadivostok
ing Chinese goods to eager Soviet buyers-
many delightfully hare-brained.
cross one day: the prov-
0 Miles
200
when, as now, the ice on the unbridged
Enthusiastic Siberian officials toss
ince of Heilongjiang says
Amur grows thick enough to support them.
around ideas for tourist camps
it is ready to send up to
Since autumn the trade has become in-
where Japanese POWS were once held and
1m workers into Russia. But Russia's ability
creasingly lively. About 60 trucks cross each
some of Stalin's victims laboured. One of
to pay is constrained. Harbin is hardly en-
day: Chinese consumer goods, fruit and veg-
these officials asked your correspondent for
thusiastic about trading with Russia. Last
etables go to the 350,000 Russians in the
the addresses of potential American custom-
year their trade was worth SFrl 10m; the fig-
provincial capital of Blagoveshchensk, and
ers for some tractors made in Kiev which he
ure for Heihe and Russia was 30m. Har-
back come chemical fertilisers, cement and
just happened to have on hand
bin has found that Russian goods are of
timber. Since late last year 40 ordinary tour-
The trouble with the cross-border trade
poor quality and deliveries are late. Its offi-
ists, one day Russians and the next Chinese,
is that everything has to be done by barter.
cials once bought Russian refrigerators, but
have been allowed to cross. Heihe and
Chinese and Russian dealers thirst for in-
never again: they were noisy, faulty and
Blagoveshchensk now throw parties to-
formation on commodity prices in Chicago
expensive.
gether; their teams compete at basketball
and London, which they then convert into
"The more we know each other, the less
and are about to at ice hockey.
Swiss francs, the notional barter currency.
we fear each other," says Mr Yuri Lyashko,
This may be the first crack of the door
Puzzles one Soviet trader: "The question for
the mayor of Blagoveshchensk. Yet even
Mr Gorbachev means to throw open to for-
me is, how many Siberian trees are worth
now peace on the Amur may not be all it
eign trade and investment in the Soviet Far
one Chinese computer?"
seems. China still formally claims some
33
THE ECONOMIST FEBRUARY 4 1989
12
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1974
8-Day Asia Trip Will Be Ford's First Major Test in Personal Diplomacy
More than three months later.
President
Valery
Giscard
sians suggested that he fly to
day for the last week. White
from him, Mr. Kissinger is
By JOHN HERBERS
Mr. Ford was not only continu-
d'Estaing of France on Mar-
Vladivostok, the Siberian port
House aides say he spends
careful to clear important pol-
Special to The New York Times
tinque in mid-December.
city, so he and Mr. Brezhnev
much more time with Mr. Ford
icy matters with Mr. Ford. For
WASHINGTON, Nov. 16-
ing the policies recommended
At a news conference yester-
could begin to develop a per-
than he tid with Mr. Nixon
example, Mr. Ford made minor
President Ford departs tomor-
by Mr. Kissinger but, according
to R number of officials, giving
day Mr. Kissinger was asked
sonal relationship for continu-
"Nixon and Kissinger," an. as-
changes in the speech Mr. Kis-
row on an eight-day trip to East
why Mr. Ford was going abroad
Ing Soviet-American surfimit
sistant to Mr. Kissinger. said,
singer made at the World Food
Asia, facing his first major test
Mr. Kissinger wider authority
at this time, when there are
meetings. The next is expected
"worked on these problems so
Conference in Rome.
in personal diplomacy since he
than he held under Mr. Nixon.
demonstrations in Japan against
in the United States next
long that they knew each oth-
assumed office.
And while President Ford has
President Ford, Administra-
his visit and when the United
summer.
er's minds and didn't have to
In Japan and South Korea,
become deeply involved in the
tion officials said, played an
States is without a Vice-Presi-
Limit on U.S. Newsmen
talk that much to each other,"
pursuit of those policies and on
active role in the recent, de-
Mr. Ford will seek to symbolize
dent.
A White House spokesman
When Mr. Kissinger is travel-
occasion has overruled Mr.
velopment of policies on food
American friendship for two
Mr. Nixon, Mr. Kissinger
said today that the Soviet Union
ing.' Mr. Ford receives long
allies; in Vladivostok, he will
Kissinger, no one has suggested
and 8 energy, settling disputes
said, committed hinfself to a
had limited to 70 the number of
cablegrams and telephone calls with his Cabinet.
attempt to establish the kind
that he has any grand design
trip to Japan. this, year and
American newsmen who may
of rapport that his predecessor,
of his own.
Mr. Ford, hours after he was
accompany Mr. Ford to Vladi-
Richard M. Nixon, had with the
The President's friends and
sworn in, called th the Japan-
vostok for his talks with Mr.
Soviet leader, Leonid 1 Brezh-
aides say that although he
ese ambassador to say he would
Brezhnev Friday and Saturday.
nev.
genuinely agrees with what Mr.
"hold the commitment.'
"The Soviets have also informed
Announcement
Throughout, he is expected
Kissinger is trying to do; he
"It was one of the first acts
us that foreign journalists will
to operate entirely within the
also has some political reasons
of President Ford," Mr. Kissin-
not be permitted into the Soviet
framework of the foreign policy
for sticking with him. When be
ger said.
Union with the Presidential
Mr. B. BERYL PEIKIN, renowried jewelry
set by Secretary of State
took office, the Nixon Admin-
Having made that commit-
party," said Ron Nessen, the
authority is now available as your jewel
Kissinger. Mr. Kissinger will
istration's domestic policies
ment, Mr. Kissinger said, the
Presidential press secretary.
counselor and will pay the highest prices
accompany the President, then
were in disrepute but public-
President could not avoid going
Officials said that every
fly on his own- to Peking to
opinion polls showed that its
to South Korea, even though
American news organization
for your precious jeweiry. A free service
assure. the Chinese that their
foreign policies and Mr. Kis-
there have been pressures to
that will be represented on the
for private owners, banks and estates.
interests are not being sacri-
singer were still regarded
dissuade him because of the
trip will be allowed to send in
ficed in the negotiations with
highly.
repressive policies of the Seoul
at least one reporter, but the re-
the Soviet Union.
The new President thus asso-
Government. Not to go, Mr.
porter must be a United States
On the night of Aug. 8, when
clated himself with those poli-
Kissinger said, would "raise
"EStaal
TODAY'S SHA
citizen:
Mr. Nixon resigned, Mr. Ford
cies and is now eager to dis-
great doubts" about the Ameri-
Meanwhile, the Secretary of
FOR HIS AND
pledged to keep Mr. Kissinger
play his own expertise. He
can commitment to South
State has been preparing the
Jewelers
on as Secretary of State and
went to Mexico for a day in
President for the trip.
743 Fifth Avenue/Between 57th and 52th St.
Korea.
continue the Nixon-Kissinger
October. In addition to his
Because Mr. Ford was going
Mr. Kissinger has been brief-
Plaza 8-1821
foreign policy.
Asian trip, he plans to meet!
to Japan and Korea, the Rus-
ing Mr. Ford about two hours a
S6
THAT-OL'
MAGIC
BLACKS
for entertaining
at home in the
Opposition
VII
gant state guest house near
was secured
the Imperial Palace in down-
Union-New
By TERENCE SMITH
town Tokyo. Again, neither the
onally liberal,
Nader Suit Exposes a List
Special to The New York Times
Emperor nor the Premier was
arty. It was
JERUSALEM, Nov. 17-The
"We took certain precautions
on hand to greet the President.
on by George
Including Church Council,
tension that gripped Israel's
because we don't want a rep-
Japanese officials, in re-
mer foreign
A.D.A. and Urban League
Golan Heights front over the
etition of what happened at
sponse to inquiries, refused to
ity premier in
weekend subsided today follow-
the start of the Yom Kippur
say why Mr. Tanaka did not
y government
ing assurances from the United
war," he said, referring to the
appear. Presumably the threat
is. Mr. Mav-
By EILEEN SHANAHAN
States that Syria does not in-
war of last fall. "I am sure that
of violence by radicals dictated
N
ome leader of
tend to launch an attack
the soldiers who were mobil-
Special to The New York Times
his absence but why Mr. Ford
WASHINGTON, Nov. 17-An
against Israel.
ized understand that it is better
could appear and Mr. Tanaka
stary elections
investigative group within the
Israeli armed forces remained
to take precautions than be
could not was left unexplained.
Center Union
Internal Revenue Service, set
partly mobilized and still on
caught by surprise."
The Emperor rarely receives
it of the vote.
general alert, but the atmos-
The relaxation was most
up by the Nixon Administra-
visitors except at the palace.
Center Union
tion, Included on a List of
phere on the Golah, Heights
striking an the Golan Heights.
Trip's Significance Noted
about 20 per
"ideological, militant, subver-
and throughout the country re-
The roads in the occupied
sive and radical organizations"
laxed dramatically.
Syrian territory were open to
Before he left Washington
in third place
After a six-hour Cabinet
civilian traffic and life in the
yesterday, Mr. Ford said: "I
the Americans for Democratic
enic Socialist
meeting devoted partly to a
Israeli settlements was speedily
think this trip has great signifi-
Action, the Urban League
cance, both as to timing and as
dreas Papan-
and the National Council of
discussion of the situation, a
returning to normal.
The American assurances
to substance. This, I think, can
ht economics
Churches.
Cabinet spokesman said tonight
ican universi-
that the Government had con.
were conveyed yesterday by
be defined as a quest for peace,
Documents made public to-
Secretary of State Kissinger to
to broaden it, to strengthen it."
u had hoped
day by Ralph Nader's Tax Re-
cluded that while matters had
Simcha Dinitz, the Israeli Am-
"I would rather travel thou-
form Research Group, consist-
relaxed somewhat, continued
Center Union,
bassador in Washington, at the
sands of miles for peace than
ing of 41 I.R.S. memorandums,
readiness was still necessary.
[The Lebanese Defense Min-
State Department. The assur-
take a single $100 toward war,"
winning only
letters and orders, were ob-
istry announced that Israeli
ances were reportedly based on
he declared.
t of the vote.
tained from the I.R.S. following
complex sys-
an exchange of messages be-
After four days in Japan, Mr.
V
the filing of a lawsuit by the
gunboats had shelled a Pal-
1 proportional
tween Damascus and Washing-
Ford is scheduled to pay a
Nader group under the Free-
estinian refugee camp. Three
party must re-
persons were reported killed
ton in the previous 24 hours.
one-day visit to South Korea
dom of Information Act.
Israelis reported that Mr.
and will then fly to Vladivostok,
1 of the vote
the second of
The documents showed that
and a dozen wounded.]
Premier Yitzhak Rabin said
Kissinger had said that the
the Siberian port city, to meet
of parliamen-
the first steps toward creation
Syrian Government had flatly
with Leonld I. Brezhnev, the
in Tel Aviv tonight that Israel
13 per cent,
of the surveillance group were
denied that it was preparing
Soviet Communist party leader.
had mobilized a "very limited
in expect no
taken on July 2. 1969, one day
an attack on the Golan front.
Although that meeting was
number of reserves" to avoid
25 seats.
after a White House aide, Tom
This relieved the Israelis,
primarily intended as a chance
being caught unprepared by any
for the two leaders to become
seats may be
Continued on Page 20, Column 1
Syrian action.
Continued on Page 7, Column 1
personally acquainted, Admin-
Mercouri, the
istration sources said there
as apparently
was a* good chance that
ty of Piraeus.
progress could be made in their
Are Fourth
talks on the Middle East crisis
ice was the
and on arms control.
alition of sev-
factions, which
Kissinger Gives Briefing
his year after
Secretary of State Kissinger,
for 30 years.
who is accompanying the Presi-
iod the Com-
dent, told reporters on the way
in under the
to Anchorage, where Mr. Ford's
nt party that
plane stopped at Elmendorf Air
ut 15 per cent
Force Base for refueling and a
ut they. were
brief speech by the President,
about 10 per
that he expected Mr. Ford and
Mr. Brezhnev to make substan-
with less than
tial progress toward the control
e the National
of strategic arms.
up of rightists
"We made pretty good pro-
e former junta
gress in Moscow," Mr. Kissing.
return of King
er said, referring to his:- visit
) is now living
there last month. "We nar-
rowed the differences."
ndreou and the
"I think there is a slightly
e 12, Column 1
better than even chance," he
said, "of agreement in 1975" on
a 10-year pact that would cover
lters
both offensive and defensive
missiles.
Mr. Ford and Mr. Brezhnev
$ serving the
are expected to hold another
1
meeting next summer, this time
he atmosphere
in the United States, In the
political in-
United
Press
meeting at Vladivostok next.
ited and pre-
in Nablus, on the occupied West Bank of the Jordan, Israell soldiers patrolled the streets
weekend, Mr. Kissinger said,
neasure by for
after Arabe staged demonstrations in support of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
progress toward such a iniiclear
and C. Lee, who
weapons pact is possible, "may-
Eyen in recent
on called the
Distrust Slows Ford Amnesty Program
be on numbers, maybe on the
approach."
y Federal offi-
Mr. Kissinger said Mr. Ford
Department of
By DIANE HENRY
draft evaders have reported to
is limited to men with bad dis-
and Mr. Brezhnev also would.
discuss the Middle East and
special to The New Teck Times
the Justice Department.
charges and those in prison for
irs is calling It
WASHINGTON, Nov.
Deserters, are turning. them-
draft offenses and desertion at
European security problems.
and is plan-
"The President and Brezhnev
With President Ford's con-
selves into the Defense De-
it as the local
the time the program was an-
million a year
ditional amnesty plan now two
partment at a higher rate, yet
have the capacity between
nounced
months old only a small frac-
only 15 per cent the Govern-
erty Tunds,
Even the administrators of
Continued on Page 3, Column 1
taken action
tion of the Vietnam war draft
ment's estimated 12,500 eligible
the program recognize that a
re," said Susan
evaders and deserters have re-
deserters have been processed,
distrust of the Government
NEWS INDEX
commissioner
sponded.
and many of these were already
exists.
Page
nt, "But the ir-
The war resisters and their
in military custody.
"Many draft evaders," Attor-
About New York..
Movies
The Clemency Review Board,
Books
Music
incompetence
advisers say it is because of
ney General William B. Saxbe
Bridge
Obituaries
they given
distrust of the Government,
which has authority over an
said recently, "are highly sus-
Business
52-57
thou the reasons for the dis-
estimated 213,000 men with
picious of the Justice Depart-
Crossword
Society
Editorials
Sports
and ti intensity of it vary.
less than honorable discharges,
ment's motives,"
Theaters
The lent ney offer ends Jan.
reports that only 623 have ap:
Planecial
Transportation
Charles Goodell, the for-
Guide
TV
and
according to the Govern-
plied to have their discharges
Letters
Weather
ment's gures 97 of the 6,800
upgraded. The board's control
Continued on Page 26, Column 3
News Summary and Index, Page 30
13
a
Tar
un-
Associated Press
ferent from that in the summer
lost their self-contidence and
Year's holiday, as are the
Demonstrator in Tokyo with sign showing mother and
of 1973, when Premier Kakuei
pride in Japan's society."
Hong Kong to the south
child stopping President Ford. A rocket is tied to his
Tanaka was in Washington to
The sociologist contended
sightseers. Tokyo, alwa
back. About 37,000 people were at protest against Mr.
invite President Richard M.
that "the present confusion of
lively city, still seems to
Ford's visit, far less than the 100,000 organizers had
Nixon to Japan. The Japanese
Japanese society has stemmed
along.
hoped to rally. The march was relatively peaceful, al-
then were full of self-confi-
from frustration." People can
Little, however, has hi
dence even if they were unsure
deal with anticipated difficul-
Japanese so hard as th
though isolated scuffles were reported.
about how to use the newly
ties, he said, but when their
crisis And inflation. Th
hopes are suddenly negated by
"shock" In the fall of
the disappearance of any hope
struck at the heart of Jap
Ford Stresses Peace as He Leaves on Asian Trip
for a bright future, "the gap
industrial growth and ti
between the lost hope and the
an already uncomfortable
realty has quickly expanded
tion into a fire eating a
Continued From Page 1, Col. 8
will help preserve the stability
clals. After the Vladivostok
the frustration beyond common-
vitals of Japanese life.
essential to the understanding
sense imagination."
them to annihilate humanity,"
meeting, the President is to re-
An influential economic
and cooperation we are seeking
turn to Washington while Mr.
Edwin O. Reischauer, a form-
cial, Eimei Yamashita, wh
her said. "They may be con-
with all peoples."
er United States Ambassador
Kissinger flies to Peking to as-
just retired as the senior (
fronting each other on a crisis,
In addition to Secretary Kis-
here and a well-known stu-
sure the Chinese that the
official of the powerful Mir
singer. Mr. Ford was accom-
United States wants to con-
dent of Japanese history, urges
of International Trade an
so it is important they under.
stand each other. They have
panied by several staff assist-
tinue to improve relations be-
ants and State Department offi-
the opportunity to prevent cri-
tween the two countries.
sis, and to promote peace."
before his departure, Mr.
Ford was widely criticized in
the United States for leaving
MACYS
Jones
the country on a potentially
True 1
dangerous mission without a
do
Vide President to succeed him.
Japanese officials are taking
extraordinary security precau-
This week
the
tions to protect Mr. Ford dur-
signa
ing his four-day stay in Tokyo
20% off
jack
and Kyoto. In South Korea, he
will be the guest of a Govern-
Macy-s-Own
pants, 2
ment that has been widely con-
demned for harsh repression of
dissent.
The President, in his remarks
Diamonique
Blue
at the White House sought to
show that he was making the
journey in his role as world
Simulated
A
leader.
O
In Anchorage, during the re-
fueling stop, Mr. Ford spoke to
Diamonds
a crowd of several thousand in
a hangar at Elmendorf Air
Force Base. In uhe talk he did
Sale$32
not discuss the purpose of his
per carat
trip but called for a strong mill-
tary commitment by the United
Sale $32
regularly 340 per carat
Fifth
States and said that there would
including 14K gold mounting
be "no lessening of interest in
the defense of Alaska." He was
Own a beautiful Diamonique
Mant
apparently seeking to counter
ring, that Choose
reports in some quarters that
from 1 to caret sizes in pear
the Government planned to cut
square, round or marquese
back on military installations in
shapes, Only an expert will
Alaska.
In visiting Japan he will be
able to tell the differer
the first incumbent American
Here's why, Diarnonique IS
President to do so K Mr. Ford
2015
made trom one of the hardest
is carrying out a commitment
Reg SBO
Sale 564
materials known to man. Dia
made last year by former Pres-
ident Richard M. Nixon. When
monague 5 cut and polished
Mr. Nixon resigned on Aug. 8,
with 58 locets for the fiery
Mr. Ford, only a few hours aft-
brilliance of real diamond
er being sworn in as President,
Diamonique won lose color
assured the Japanese he would
or brilliance, or scratch under
honor the commitment for
a
visit during 1974. The stops in
normal wear Don't miss this
South Korea and the Soviet
great value HOW at your Macy's
Union stemmed from that.
your
While one purpose of the
trip is to help establish a rec-
Fine lewelry. Dent 79. Street
ord for Mr. Ford in foreign af-
Reg $160
Floor, Macy's Herald Square and at
fairs, his aides pointed out that
Sale $128
the Macy's near you
he was not without experience
overseas. This will be his fifth
visit, to Japan and his second
to South Korea and to the So-
viet Union. As a member of
Congress, he visited 19 nations.
As to South Korea, Mr. Ford
said he was looking forward to
another visit to "our courage-
ous allyw
$200,
"We share a common devo-
STA$160
tion to the preservation of
peace and the deterrence of
aggression," he declared. am
confident that my visit to Korea
TECHNI-
COLOR
The pared down, sunny climes sandal, David Evins
style: less shoe, more you And each skinny
strip/strap comes in a different color
straw: yellow, green, orange. The
better to wear with everything,
my dear. The high
THE NEW YORK TIMES, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1974
3
Japanese Dispirited as Economy Slows and Political Ills Mount
By
RICHARD HALLORAN
discovered political influence
the Japanese to be more con-
dustry, recently predicted that
started to put his plan into
scornful term of "economic
Special to The New York Times
that came from their economic
cerned about their fate. Visiting
Japan would suffer 1 depres-
operation. Then his administra-
animal." They are aging and
TOKYO, Nov. 17-The Japan
strength.
here recently, he said that
sion in the coming year, with
tion has been unable to slow
tired- now.
that President Ford will: visit
Mr. Tanaka himself noted this
"there is an extraordinary de-
perhaps a million people un-
the galloping inflation Most re-
In- the coming generation,
tomorrow is more dispirited
on Nov. 4 when he digressed
gree of complacency, of busi-
employed, unless there was
cently. he has been accused of
there may be more leaders like
and discouraged than it. has
from newmen's questions about
ness-as-usual, of optimism."
some relief from high oil prices
having undertaken improper
Premier Hayato Ikeda, who
been since the trying days just
his finances to observe: "Never
Dr. Reischauer, a professor at
and possibly illegal financial
gave the Japanese a vision, of
and inflation. Mr. Yamashita,
after World War II.
before in my 28 years of life
Harvard, sald that he found
deals and his days in office are
the future in the early nineteen-
however, did not predict a nine-
After years of stunning suc-
as a member of Parliament
some stirrings of anxiety but
widely considered numbered.
sixties with his plan to double
cess, the Japanese economy has
that there was "2 general pub-
n-thirties-style depression.
the national income, and the
faitered under the impact of
have I seen the people so irri-
lic attitude of looking just at
But the evidence of the threat
Current Leaders Are Elderly
strong willed Shigery Yoshida,
the oil crisis and inflation.
tated. This is a hard time."
the local situation and not
to Japan's economy is knee.
So far, however. a leader
who led Japan's postwar re-
Japanese leaders have become
A Japanese scholar who re-
thinking really deeply about
deep. Newspapers report new
capable of inspiring the Jap-
covery.
starkly aware that their island
cently came home after 10
the world situation.'
layoffs each day. Business
anese has not appeared. The
Members of this new genera-
country, lacking resources, is
years in America was more
Warning that the world was
bankruptcies reached a new
generation that produced Mr.
tion are, by and large, well-
vulnerable to disruptions be-
pessimistic. The scholar, Prof.
on "the brink of economic dis-
high in October. Company earn-
Tanaka grew up in the stifling,
educated, articulate, energetic,
yond their control in the flow
Masaaki Takane, writing in a
aster," Professor Reischauer
ings plummeted in the first half
ultranationalist atmosphere of
and imaginative. Their roots
of oil, food and raw materials.
respected, intellectual maga-
chided the Japanese for think-
of the fiscal year, which ended
prewar Japan, went through
are deep in Japanese culture
Moreover, the politics of the
zine, Chuo Koron, said: "I can-
ing they could "handle advers-
in September.
World War II, and experienced
but their interests go beyond
nation have been paralyzed by
not but think that Japanese
ity as it comes along.'
the trauma of réturning to
the shores of this country.
society now is facing the great-
"You might call it the ty-
More and Longer Strikes
pick up the pieces of their
The question is whether Ja.
indecision and scandal. The
public. is mired in apathy.
est social crisis since the end
phoon mentality," he said.
Another new feature is the
lives and their nation.
pan, confronted with issues
of the last war."
Japan still enjoys social order
'You can't do anything about
increased frequency, length and
That generation, to its un-
that' touch almost upon her
but that has been jarred by
Professor Takane, a sociolo-
a typhoon, you go along hop-
seriousness of labor strikes.
questioned credit, rebuilt Japan
very survival, can afford to
radical bombings in downtown
gist at Sophia University, a
ing it won't come, and then you
Politically, Japan seems if-
and carried it to genuine pros-
wait the 10 or 15 years that
perity. But those leaders were
the normal course of events
Tokyo. The Japanese Govern-
Jesuit institution, said that,
pick up after it."
flicted by the same malaise
ment is so, nervous that 160,-
since his return: "I have been
that is troubling many other
single-minded and parochial in
Construction Continuing
will require before they rise to
000 policemen are, reported to
baunted with an anxiety. It is
advanced nations, a fundament-
doing so, giving. rise to the
the top:
the anxiety that Japanese so-
On the surface, life here
have been mobilized for the
al distrust of the people in
ciety. today is quickly losing
seems relatively normal. Con-
President's visit But even the
their Government. But here. it
usually vocal left has been un-
its unity and is disintegrating.
struction continues, with an-
is perhaps more striking. as the
able- to arouse much anti-
He wrote that "Japanese so-
other shiny new subway line
Japanese tend to respect
ciety seems full of grievances
just opened. Planes to Hok-
American emotion against
thority more than Westerners.
President Ford
and dissatisfaction." Still worse,
kaido in the north are booked
The ruling Liberal Democrat
he said, "people seem to have
solid with skiers over the New
ic party, which with its prede-
Thus this is a Japan far dif-
lost their. self-confidence and
Year's holiday. as are those to
cessors has been in power
Associated
Press
ferent from that in the summer
Demonstrator in Tokyo with sign showing mother and
of 1973, when Premier Kakuei
pride in Japan's society.
Hong Kong to the south. with
since Japan regained her sover-
The sociologist contended
sightseers. Tokyo, always a
eignty in 1952, is weary and
bild stopping President Ford. A rocket is tied to his
Tanaka was in Washington to
that "the present confusion of
lively city, still seems to surge
stagnant. The party leaders
About 37,000 people were at protest against Mr.
invite President Richard- M.
Japanese society has stemmed
along.
seemed to have lost the famed
Ford's visit, far less than the 100 cee organizers had
Nixon to Japan. The Japanese
from frustration People: can
Little, however, has hit the
Japanese ability to find a com-
then were full of confi-
soped to rally. The march was relatively peaceful, al-
deal with anticipated difficul-
Japanese so hard as the oil
promise, to: operate? the con-
dence even if they were unsure
though isolated scuffies were reported.
ties, be said, but when their
crisis And inflation. The oil
sensus by which the nation is
about how to use the newly
hopes are suddenly negated by
"shock" in the fall of 1973
governed.
the disappearance of any hope
struck at the heart of Japanese
Disappointment in Premier
for. a bright future, the gap
industrial growth and fanned
Tanaka in particular is reflected
Ford Stresses Peace as He Leaves on Asian Trip
between the lost hope and the
an already uncomfortable Infla-
in his standing in the polls,
realty has quickly expanded
tion into a fire eating at the
where be has recorded the low
the frustration beyond common-
vitals of Japanese life.
est popularity of any.
stinued From Page 1, Col:
will help preserve the stability
cials. After the Vladivostok
sense imagination
An influential economic offi-
Premier. He came to
essential to the understanding
meeting, the President is to re-
Edwin O Reischauer a form-
cial, Eimei Yamashita, who has
promising to remodel the
to annibilate humanity,
and cooperation,s are seeking
turn to Washington while Mr.
er United States Ambassador
just retired as the senior career
anese archipelago
said.' They may be con
with all peoples
Kissinger flies to Peking to as
In addition to Secretary Kis-
here and at known stu-
official of the powerful Ministry
excited millions of
nting each other on a crisis,
sure the Chinese that the
dent of Japanese history, urges
of International Trade and In
But Mr. Tanal
Is|important they under.
singer. Mr. Ford was accom-
United States wants to con-
panied by several staff assist-
Teach! other. They have
Linue to Improve relations be
ants and State Department offi-
tween the two countries.
opportunity, to prevent cri
True Blue: Bonwit
to promote peace"
Jones latest suiting!
True to form. Jones New York has
potentially
done the classic safari suit with
"All the New
That's Fit to Print"
The New York
VOL. CXXIV No. 42,668
o The New York Time Chapany
NEW YORK, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1974
Hirohito and Tanaka Greet Ford in TokyoA FORD MESSAGE
Rona
President Goes With
URGES CONGRESS
Mc
Emperor to Palace
TO ACT SPEEDILY
Senate P
After Ceremony
to Vote 1
By RICHARD HALLORAN
for Fo
Special to The New York Times
But Leaders Voice Doubts
TOKYO, Tuesday, Nov. 19-
That Lame-Duck Session
President Ford was formally
By LIN
greeted by Emperor Hirohito
Will Accomplish Much
Speciality
and Premier Kakuel Tabaka of
WASHIN
Japan this morning to begin a
Dr. William
Special to The New York Times
state visit to America's major
day any "!
WASHINGTON, Nov. 18-The
ally in East Asia.
the $625,00
The welcoming ceremony in
White House greeted the recon-
made to hir
the front garden of the state
vening 93d Congress today with
designate 1
guest house was held under a
a Présidential message asking
ler, which
bright blue sky and before an
for prompt consideration of a
vated solel
honor guard from the Japanese
'streamlined action program
a lifelong I
for the nation.
Self Defense Forces, whose
Dr. Rons
band serenaded Mr. Ford with
But legislative leaders ex
of the Por
the University of Michigan
pressed. doubt that the lame-
York and
football song, "Hail to the
duck session, only the second
$100,000-a
Victors.
of & full Congress in 24 years,
viser, was
Those assembled included
would accomplish much before
in the fine
members of the imperial fam-
limping to adjournment some-
Mr. Rock
Ily, the Cabinet and the diplo-
time next month:
before the
matic corps, The public was
As business got, under way,
mittee.
excluded but a small crowd
the conservatives who control
The com
gathered outside the gate of
the House Ways and Means
to meet 1
the guest house grounds and
Committee approved tentative-
Wednesday
cheered as the President and
ly a bill to increase taxes paid
the nomina
the Emperor rode out together
by the oil Industry in an effort
to vote ov
on their way to the Imperial
to head off possibly harsher ac
unanimous
ralace, when the President
tion by the Congress that takes
firming th
courtesy visit.
office In January. [Page 20.]
Governor.
On the way back, Mr. Ford
In a message delivered to Cap-
Once ag
out of the tight ring of
itol Hill this afternoon, Pres-
days of
curity when he asked that
Ident Ford urged swift confir-
Robert C.
car be stopped so that he
mation of Vice President-
ginia Dem
could get out and shake hands
nate Nelson A. and
persistent
some in the crowd.
approval of score of Adminis-
In his
banese security policemen,
tration proposals, includin the
Dr Ronan
consternation, imme-
5 per cent Federal income tax
the circun
diately surrounded the Presi-
surcharge, trade reform legisla.
the varlou
and tried to got him back
tion and an emer ency public
Mr. Rocke
into the car. But Mr. Ford
service employment program.
on May 3,
tinued on Page &, Column 1
"Mora Hum' Urged
Dr Rona
President Ford, who is in In
Philippine Envoy Released
4 Arab Raiders Die
pan on the first.leg of an eight.
day journey to East Asia, called
Pho
InAttack in srael;
for. "moratorium on partisan
By Gunmanin.Washing
ship' for the balance of the
$35
3 Civilians Killed
year, but he also said the he
would veto a measure increas
ing educational. benefits for
By RICHARD D. LYONS
Vietnam veterans If Con
Budge
Proposes
the
gress did not pare the amount
SHINGTON
Levies
AVIV,
Israel
Company
The
on
the raises and delay their
the
United
She
seized
In
taining
MAINE
elegantly remodeled state
With Tokyo's recent
guest. house known as the
Associated Press,
gence as a major
Several hundred helmeted radicals, with bamboo flagnoles, clashed with police near
Gethinkan where President
point for world leader
Tokyo Into national Airport as President Ford's plane landed. They were held back.
Ford is staying during his
Government decided to
three days in Tokyo is an
the palace into a guest
Hirohito and Tanaka Welcome Ford
18th-century neo-baroque
The renovation was
structure styled after the
pleted last April after
Versalles Palace.
and a half years. The
The (building, formerly
cost was $334-million.
Continued From Page 1, CoL 1
The issues of concern to
cretly into Japan. But many
known as the Akasaka De-
The luxurious gúest I
Japan and the United States
tached Palace, was built in
In a quiet area outsid
value the security treaty with
persisted In mixing with the
1906, during the days when
moat surrounding the
have shifted from the bilateral
crowd for about 10 minutes.
the United States, which means
Japan was importing many
perial Palace, has 40 I
Then the President began the
questions, such as China policy,
that Japan pays little for her
things from the West. It was
The main suite. for
first, of his meetings with
trade imbalances and textiles,
defense, and appreciate the
Intended to be a residence
guests, a reception hall
that were vexing during the
American nuclear umbrella.
Premier Tanaka in the ornate
for the Crown Prince, who
dining halls, a salon
gilt, cream and pink marble
Nixon Administration, toward
Japanese businessmen com-
later became the Emperor
cocktall lounge are 0
Rising Sun Room of the guest
broader Issues involving all ad-
pete with Americans in the
Taisho, but he never lived in
seçond floor, while the
house. They were joined by
vanced nations, In those, the
United States, In Japan and in
It because his poor health
floor has four suites, 1(
Secretary of State Kissinger
Americans and Japanese find
other countries. But most Jap-
dictated that he spend most
rooms and 20 singles
and Foreign Minister Toshio
themselves in constantly shift-
anese value their trade with
of his time in seaside or
commodate members (
Kimura.
ing postures of allies and adver-
the United States, particularly
mountain resorts.
Presidential party.
saries.
Yesterday afternoon, when
for the imports of food and
The present Emperor, Hiro-
The spacious, front 8
President Ford stepped off his
The President's meetings with
raw materials.
hito,, and Empress Nagako
of white sand and 8
plane here, neither the Em-
Emperor Hirohito will be only
The Japanese are in the pro-
lived in the palace for four
with a granite-paved
peror nor Mr. Tanaka was on
ceremonial since the Emperor
cess of. questioning many social
years after their marriage In
way, is planted with
hand to greet him,
has: no formal political power
and political Ideas imported
1924, when he was Prince
trees from scenic be
The Emperor usually receives
here and is constitutionally the
from America and other coun-
Regent. But the Emperor,
facing the Pacific Ocea
visitors at his palace.
symbol of the state. The Presi-
tries: of the West but even
who prefers a simple life,
The salon, at the end
Japanese officials, despite re-
dent. is expected to renew 3
more cagerly they have ac.
reportedly said he was not
long stairway covered
peated Inquiries, declined to Ex-
standing invitation to the Em-
copted: and sought to Improve
fond of the museum-like at-
a crimson carpet. is 1
plain the absence of the Pre-
peror and Empress Nagako to
upon Western industry and
mosphere of the grandlose
as Asshl-no-Ma," the
mier from the airport, saying
visit the United States, a
technology,
edifice.
ing Sun Room, becau
only that American and Jap-
touchy subject here since the
On a personal basis, there
Beyond that, the palace has
the large painting of a
anese officials had agreed that
anti-American Left objects.
are few peoples: in the world
been used only intermittent-
maiden driving a chario
he would meet with Mr. Ford
Basically, Japanese feelings
more different than Japanese
ly, When the Prince of
a rising sun behind her
today. It appeared that the
about the alliance with the
and Americans in their be
Wales, later King Edward
here that President For
Jaganese Government wanted
United States are still amblya-
hayior and attitudes. Yet poll
VIII and Duke of Windsor,
meet with Premier H
to e-emphasize Mr. Ford's ar-
lent 120 years after Contino,
after. poll and the personal ex
visited Japan in 1922, he
Tanaka.
rival for security reasons. Only
dore Matthew Perry sailed his
periences of Americans here
stayed there. After World
On both sides of the
about 2,500 selected Japanese
warships into Tokyo Bay-
show that Japanese get along
War II It' temporarily housed
are the main suite an
and a handful of Americans at
next to which President Ford's
well with Americans despite the
the Parliament's National
companying rooms to
Tokyo International Airport
plane landed yesterday-tt and
formidable obstacles.
Library and then was used
exclusive use of the
wayed their flags at Mr, Ford
Japan's long seclusion.
Many Japanese, however
briefly by the organizing dent.
-But from a. distance as Jap-
The defeat at the hands of
complain about a "communica-
artese policemen crowded
the Americans In World War II
tions gap" between Japan and
around.
still rankles many Japaneser
America. They contend that
The Japanese Government
But far more are grateful that
Impanese tend to see America
mobilized 160,000 policemen,
the United States prevented
large off the horizon but Ameri-
the equivalent of 10 infantry
Japan from being divided,
as Japan as only one
divisions, to protect the Presi-
happened in Germany and
doze or allies.
deat.
Korea, and helped in the na-
Perhaps the weakest link th
The presence of Japanese po-
tion's reconstruction.
the nications between
licemen has so far overshad-
Many Japanese do not like
the dries 1b at the high-
owed. what Japanese and
the presence of American
est
neither Govern-
American officials have called troops on their soll and fear
ment years has articu-
à symbolic and historic CVR
that American warships are
lated bollow toward the other
the first visit to Japan of in
bringing nuclear weapons se-
exception eneralities
American President.
The Japanese people were not
scheduled to have any direct
contact with Mr. Ford because
QUEBN ANNE,
dipattern that has
the Government fears anth
stood the test of
American demonstrations or
time for over two
violence directed at him: The
(centuries, is made
public will see Mr.: Ford only
now, as then, by
on television, except for brief
master silversmiths
glimpses as he travels to and
who apprenticed for
years to learn their
m.
sraft. Employing the
In His meetings with Premier
age old skills passed
Tanaka Mr. ord is expected
down to them; they
to discuss International issues
forge our flatware
such as food, energy, trade,
entirely by hand in
monetary refort and inflation
theftrm belief that
method
produce the
qualified
of beauty and
endurance to which
your
Nothing Iflike diamonds
Six tiny ones etherein inst delicate
gold
chwavit
United Press Infernational
Outside the state guest house In Tokyo, Mr. Ford asked to stop and shake hands with
a crowd of people this morning. He mixed with the group for about 10 minutes.
Ford Is Staying in a Remodeled Palace
GIF
Special to The New York Times
committee for the 1964
To the front of the salon
TOKYO, Nov. 18-The
Tokyo Olympic Games.
is an extravagantly decorated
Sterling silver desk
elegantly remodeled state
With Tokyo's recent emer-
reception hall that accom-
with beveled fra
guest house known as the
Associated Press,
gence as major calling
modates 200 guests. The
Geihinkan where President
police near
point for world leaders, the
banquet hall nearby has a
frame, 122. Apple sa
held back.
Ford is staying during his.
Government decided to turn
seating capacity of 116.
Ball-point P
three days in Tokyo is an
the palace Into a guest house.
A Japanese-style annex
18th-century neo-baroque
The renovation was com-
with straw-mat floors in the
Ford
structure styled after the
pleted last April after five
and a half years. The total
main rooms was built recent-
Versailles Palace.
TIF
The building, formerly
cost was $334-million.
ly near the main palace to
known as the Akasaka De-
The luxurious guest house,
enable state guests to enjoy
USE SPECIAL NUME
pan. But many
tached Palace, was built in
in a quiet area outside the
Japanese food and a touch of
FIFTH AVE. &
treaty with
1906, during the days when
moat surrounding the Im-
cultural tradition, such as
Add one dellar for shipping
which means
Japan was importing many
perial Palace, has 40 rooms.
Japanese dances and music,
Americ
little for her
things from the West. It was
The main suite, for state
flower arrangement and tea.
appreciate the
Intended to be a residence
guests, a reception hall, two
ceremonies, in an authenti-
umbrella.
for the Crown Prince, who
dining halls, a salon and a
cally Japanese setting.
sinessment com-
later became. the Emperor
cocktail clounge are. on the
ericans in the
Taisho, but he never lived in
second floor, while, the first
in Japan and in
it because his poor health
floor has four suites, 10 twin
But most Jap-
dictated that he spend most
rooms and 20 singles to AC-
trade with
of his time In seaside or
commodate members of the
particularly
mountain resorts.
Presidential party.
of food and
The present Emperor, Hiro-
The spacious, front garden
hito; and Empress Nagako
of white sand and gravel,
are In the pro-
lived in the palace for four
with a granite-paved drive-
many social
years after their marriage in
way, is planted with pine
Ideas imported
1924, when her was Prince
trees from scenic beaches
and other coun
Regents But the Emperor
facing the-Pacific Ocean,
West but even
who prefers a simple life,
The salon, at the end of a
they have
at
reportedly said he was, not
long stairway covered with
the to Improve
fond of the museum-like at-
a crimson carpet is known
industry and
mosphere of the grandiose
as Asthl no-Ma, the Ris-
edifice
ing Sun Room because) of
basis, there
Beyond that, the palace has
the large painting of adivine
in the world
been used only. intermittent-
maiden driving a charlot with
than Japanese
When the Prince of
a rising sun behind her. It is
in (their be
Wales later King Edward
here that President Ford will
itudes Yet poll
VIII and Duke of Windsor,
meet with Premier. Kakuel
the personal ex
visited Japan in 1922, he
Tanaka
Americans here
stayed there After World
On both sides of the salon
inese get along
War II it' temporarily housed
are the main suite and ac
cans despite
the Parliament's National
companying rooms for the
acles
Library Tand then was used
exclusive use of the Presi-
head) however
briefly by the organizing
dentill
communica
Japan and
contend
to
only one
affice
weakest link
Attoris) between
the
Govern
articu
other
lews
Print"
The New York Times
Vi
to
T
T
42,669
o 1974 The New York There Company
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1974
Price higher is air delivery cities.
Burn Bodies of 3 Arab Raiders
FORD ASKS JAPAN
House Panel Votes to Cut
TO HELP COMBAT
Taxes for 40 Million in 7
ECONOMIC STRESS
Income of Most Is Less Than $15,000-
Unit Also Acts to End the Depletion
in Tokyo Speech, He Urges
Allowance for Oil Concerns by 1979
an Alliance to Lead Attack
on New Global Problems
By EILEEN SHANAHAN
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Nov. 10-ider
the House rules, that the
By JOHN HERBERS
The House Ways and Means
cannot be any further rec
Special to The New York Times
Committee voted today to give
sideration, which is what
TOKYO. Wednesday, Nov.
some tax relief next year to
liberals, anticipating stre
20-President Ford appealed to
nearly 40 million individuals
overnight lobbying attem
the Japanese people today to
and couples, about half of them
by the oll Industry, feared.
join the United States In an
with incomes under $7,000 and
The day's actions In the CC
alliance. that would provide a
most of the rést with incomes
mittee thus appeared to h:
model for dealing with the new
between $7,000 and. $15,000.
thwarted the strategy devi
economic difficulties of Infla-
The committee also voted to
yesterday by conservatives V
tion and recession.
bring a. complete end to the
hoped to enact a slow pha
In a televised speech before
controversial 22 per cent oil
out of the depletion allowa
the Japan Press Club in the
deplation allowance by 1979
this year to forestall hars
Impérial Hotel, Mr. Ford said
and to terminate it for large
action against the oil Indus
the two countries shared "a
companies next year.
by the new, more liberal C
common resolve to maintain
Technically, the committee
gress that will take office r
stability in East Asja, to help
could take adother look at its
year.
In. the development of other
actions on Thursday, when it
The tax relief for low-Inct
countries that need our help
will have the formal draft of
individuals will come in
and to work together to
the legislation before it. But it
form of an increase in who
encourage diplomatic and po-
will not be able to reconsider
known as the low-income
litical rather than military
its decision on the depletion
lowance, or sometimes as
Associated Press
solutions to world problems."
allowance.
minimum standard deduct
ean, surrounding one of the bodies after the arthy had stormed the guerrillas in an
He promised that the United
Liberals on the committee,
This is set at $1,300 now,
nt. Man center was attempting to stop the crowd from burning the bodles.
States would "remain a trust-
who> won a 13-to-12 vote on
either single individuals or I
worthy ally." one that would
ending the depletion allowance
ried couples, and would be
"continue to be the supplier of
for big companies next year,
creased under the commit
ed
4
L.I. Man Is Kidnapped
Guerrilla Aide Says
the goods you need.'
made sure there could belino
decision to $1,600 for si
lear
Raids Will Go on
"If shortages occur, we will
reconsideration by demanding
persons and $1,900 for mar
take special account of the
an immediate reconsideration
ler
AndFreed for $750,000
to Force Talks
needs of our traditional part-
and getting it. That means, un-
Continued on Page 14, Colum
ners," the President said. "We
will not compete with our
A Brooklyne businessman kidnapped by "persons still
By JUAN de ONIS
friends for their markets or
House Votes Bill to Stiffe
whose home is In Kings Point.
unknown" on Nov. 12. A de-
Special to The New, York Times
for their resources. We want
Nov.
1. 1, was kidnapped eight days
mand for $750,000 in ransom
DAMASCUS, Syria, Nov. 19
to work with them.
came
$89 and was released yester-
money was made on Nov. 13,
Palestinian guerrilla offl.
The first major: speech Mr.
Antitrust Case Penalti
today
day after payment of, $750,000
and was paid yesterday.
clat vowed here today that
Ford has delivered on his first
enraged
5
ransom
After the payment, the victim
Palestinian attacks inside Is.
overseas journey as President
THE hilkinessman was Identi-
was released by the kidnappers,
rael would. continue until the
came after a day and & half of
Special to The New York Times
by the rederal Bureau of
Persons in the F.B.I. said
Israelis agreed: to negotiate
ceremony and talks with Pre-
WASHINGTON, Nov. 19-The House of Representat
investigation as Teich,
that investigators were hot on
with the Phiestine Liberation
mier Kakuel Tanaka almed at
passed legislation today greatly, increasing-penalties
180
years owner of the
the trail" of the kidnappers, al-
Organization, the main guer
helping establish broad agree.
may be imposed on both corporations and their officer
Steelip writtion Company,
though they 842 A head istart
rilla grouping
ment between the two count
criminal violations of the
Avenue
on
us.
The assertion was made by
tries on a range of economic
antitrust laws, such as fixing
was Indicated that Mr.
the chief of operations of
issues,
Teich's wife had asked the
guerrflls group that announced
The theme of his address
prices
157 INDICTED HE
was amounted
it was behind an assault early
was that Japan and the United
The action was taken
news conference at 2 A.M.
F.B.I. and the Nassau County
by John Malane
Police, who/cooperated in the
today. in the northeastern Is
States had been affica in the
out the formality of roll can
investigation) to stay off the
raell fown of Beit Shean
cold war and both emerged
AS CRIMINAL R
the
The maximum fine for corpo-
office,
case notilithe ransom had been
The group, the Popular Details
prosperous and healthy, but
Curren
the
paid
that both countries! were: now
rations, under the bill would
chief
cratic Front for the iberation
the policy to
headt with broad range of
from the present $50,000 to
Naskau
Polestinar Marxist
For Individuals the
Most Accused
They
what family? withes in siich
oriented organization) that sup-
acanomic woes, Is time to
lines would die from 000
the
situation. Both the Federal
ports Yesir Artist, the P.L.O.
draw a new alliance to attack
to $500,000 and the maximum
Gald Say
agency and the Nassan police
chairman. United National
these difficulties the President
wentence would Do: Hai
waited und the ransom
headquarters In New York, the
from one year three
delivery and the suberquent re-
chief spokesman there for the
"Our two nations
makib crimina
lease of Telch before the
Shietid: Hout, said
the world. with
signy
conference
what cambe achieved by
Continued on Pare Column's
don
my
in ParcelStrike
Raid
German's
oday
our policy 01 re-estabilsning
economic equilibrium.'
today in a two-mile march
m
Premier Jacques Chirac
from the Place de la Bastille to
W
charged that his adversaries
the Gure de l'Est. It was by li;
were possessed by the "de-
far the largest demonstration
3
mons" that had torn France
here this year. with the last
S
apart in the past.
marchers reaching the railroad
th
station five hours after the
11
Main Issue 'Not Negotiable'
first had arrived.
He added that the Govern-
In the first row were Georges
W
ment was ready to negotiate
Seguy, head of the Communist-
in
on the specific concerns of the
run General Confederation of
workers but that Mr. Giscard
Labor, France's biggest union;
"1
'Estaing's economic policy to
Edmond Maire, who leads the
a
curb inflation was "not nego-
Socialist oriented Democratic
of
Avenue de Wagram, near the Art
Triumphe, is lined with garbage: such scenes are
timble.'
Confederation of Labor, and
of
to be found everywhere in Paris, whil trashmen on strike." Army conscripts who were
Talks have broken down in
James Marange of the National
called in to do the strikers' work have made only. a slight dent in the Rtter.
the longest postal strike in the
Teachers Federation.
th
history of France, now more
Along the way, as every-
hi
than a month old. It is impos-
where in Paris, sidewalks were
01
Ford Calls for Close Alliance With Japan
sible to send or receive letters,
blocked with mounds of uncol-
of
packages or telegrams A six-
lected trash. The garbage col-
week delay in the delivery of
lectors have been on strike for
accumulated mail IS predicted
a week. Army conscripts called
Continued
From
Page
1,
Col.
5
tered on ways of assuring the
toast delivered at the banquet
systematic availability of food
last night, he declared:
and energy sources.
"Let us continue to seek
ernational cooperation,"
he
bald. "We also can provide a
A Joint communiqué express-
understanding with each other
model for dealing with the
ing the areas of agreement is
and among all peoples. Your
new difficulties. We both have
expected to be signed when the
Majesty. Let us trade, let us
talks are concluded, as Ameri-
share and perpetuate the pros-
great technological skills and
can officials indicated before
perity of both nations. Let us
human resources. great energy
Mr. Ford left Washington on
work together to solve com-
and imagination. We can work
together to meet the global
Sunday.
mon problems, recognizing the
economic issues."
However, the Presidential
interdependence of the modern
visit is intended largely 25 a
world in which we all live.
President Ford's call was ap-
parently not A proposal for a
symbolic (expression of good.
America, I can assure you,
will, and in this Mr. Ford has
Your Majesty. is determined to
formal new arrangement such
displayed uninhibited enthusi-
do Its part.
as the United States has had
After the President met with
asm.
with groups of countries in the
Ilis day yesterd y beg in with
Premier Tanaka, Mr. Kissinger,
past on military security. It
? formal welcome by Emperor
who had been present, said the
was rather A call for an infor-
Hirohito E1 the :tc guest
problems of food and energy
mal, move toward closer, coop-
house, formerly the Akasaka
dominated the session.
dration.
Palace, and ended with H glit-
Assurance Given on Supplies
AS to conditions in the
tering banquet at the Imperial
The President pointed out,"
United States, the President
Palace.
Mr. KP singer said. "the interest
said that although the Ameri-
In between, Mr. Ford con.
that the United States has in
can.people were bearing "enor-
ferred with Japanese officials;
an orderly. long-term evolution
mode burdens" he did not be-
was honored at : luncheon at
of world agricultural policy as
lieve, the conclusion of some
which the band, FL the Pres:-
we have presented it at the
observers that "Americans have
dent's request, played "Mr.
World Food Conference, and in
lost their confidence, their
Touchdown"; met with 2 group
this context he assured the
sense of responsibility and their
of boy scouts and exchanged
Prime Minister that Japan
creativity.
the scout handclasp with them;
could count on a stable level of
It's not true, he said. "Our
had a private 1 Iminute audi-
agricultural supplies from the
people are determined and real-
ence. with the Emperor and
United States.'
istle They continue to under
Empress Nagako, and received
As to energy, Mr. Kissinger
that history has placed
assurance that the Emperor
said the President had stressed
gre responsibilities on Ameri-
would accept his renewed in
the importance of a united
can shoulders.
vitation to visit the United
stance by the oil-consuming
Mr. Ford praised Japan for
States, probably in 1975.
nations, "not In any sense to
preserving her Teultural integ-
lead to any confrontation with
Security Is Tight
the facé of rapid mod-
the producers but rather to
Mr. Ford's activities were
ernivation
pave the way for a constructive
Opericans can learn from
visible to the Japanese people
dialogue between consumers
Japian to respect traditions
largely through television. Ex-
and producers for the common
even as we, like you, plurfge
traordinary security measures
benefit of both."
ahead Into the last quarter of
that sealed the President off
The increase In oil prices has
the Roth century," he declared.
everywhere he went prevented
contributed to severe inflation
the assembly of large crowds.
Mr. Ford spoke to the
and to recession in Japan." Mr.
Dress Club at noon, after
A one point yesterday, to
Kissinger noted that most of
he "whet Premier Tanaka for
the surprise of Japanese
the energy used in this country
a second round of talks that
authorities, Mr. Ford left his
goes for the operation of indus-
celtered largely on economic
bulletproof limousine and
try, not for personal use.
shook hands with admirers
"Within that framework," he
Issues.
gathered along the street, but
said, "the Japanese point of
Food and Energy Discussed
it was a select crowd that had
view was one that seemed to
The two officials met for two
been cleared for entry to the
us sympathetic to our general
hours yesterday, amid cere-
grounds of the Imperial
approach."
mony and celebration of the
Palace.
Another topic in Mr. Ford's
first visit by a United States
It was a pleasant November
talks was the United States
President to this country. Sec-
day, mild and clear, and Mr.
effort to Improve relations with
retary of State Kissinger said
Ford went about his activities
the Sov et Union and China,
afterward the talks had, cens with folksy good. humor. In a Mr. Kissinger sald.
HANG-LOOSE DRESSING
Swing into the fun of a two-piece
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THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1974
Veil Is Lifted as TV Shows Dinner in Hirohito's Palace
By FOX BUTTERFIELD
has won widespread popular
Special to The New York Times
respect for his humble, honest
TOKYO, Nov 19-For the
manner.
first time in Japan's recorded
But though a number of
history, the Japanese people
lect Japanese and foreign
were invited Inside the Im-
visitors have been invited to
perial Palace tonight, while
ceremonies, audiences or dm
their Emperor was having
ners in the palace, the gene
dinner with Gerald Ford.
public has never been'permit
In a break with the aura of
ted inside
sanctity and secrecy that usu-
The Showa Palace, In which
tonight's banquet was held
ally envelops Emperor Hiro-
is a stunning low edifite
hito, television cameras were
carrying out the elegan()
allowed inside the palace for
simple lines of itraditional
a live broadcast of part of the
Japanese architecture in glass
Emperor's banquet for the
and concrete. It was com
visiting President
plated In 1968 to replace do
It was the first time tele-
earlter building destroyed
vision has been permitted
during . United States fire
within the palace, and was
bomb raid.
seen as an indication of the
On Site of Old Castle
importance the Japanese Gov-
ernment attaches to relations
The Showa Palace itself
with the United States.
stands on the site of the
But It was only a brief
former main keep of the
look. After showing an ex-
sprawling Edo Castle, which
change of toasts by the
M confusingly also referred
slight, graying 73-year-old
to as the palace. Visitors *
Japanese monarch and his
permitted in the outer
guest from Grand Rapids,
grounds of this larger arée,
Mich., the cameras were
situated in the heart of Tokyo,
turned off.
twice & year, at New Years
In a surprisingly candid
and on the Emperor's birth.
and personal statement, Em-
day.
peror Hirohito recalled the
The dinner was also at-
history of amity between the
tended by Secretary of State
United States and Japan
Kissinger, Empress Nagako
after Commodore Matthew
and Crown Prince Akihito
Perry's opening of Japan to
and his wife, Princess Mi-
the outside world in 1854.
chiko. The Empress was
dressed in a light gray bi-
'Bad Days' of War Noted
Associated Press
President Ford visiting Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako yesterday morning at
mono with a gold brocade
Then, referring to World
obl, or sash.
War II, the Emperor said,
the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Later, Mr. Ford was honored at a banquet there.
In keeping with the
DAT
"Unhappily I regret there
tie and tails, replied, "Though
security arrangements that
were once bad days between
source of criticism from op-
the radio when he gave
have dominated Mr. Ford's
separated by the broadest of
these friendly nations.
position; groups here who say
speech.
visit, the menu for the dinner
active
oceans, we have achieved the
such a trip would involve the
"However," he went on,
Since 1945 Hirohito has
was not announced. A spokes.
closest relations." Mr. Ford
speaking, in a high-pitched
Emperor in politics.
traveled the length of Japan
man for the Imperial House-
assured the Emperor that he
As the two leaders stood
pcoat
voice, the stiff and formal
in his constitutional function
hold Agency would say only
had come to Japan, in "the
Japanese used by members
tonight to exchange toasts in
as "symbol of the state," and
that it was French cuisine.
ed in,
spirit of respect, the spirit of
of the imperial family and
French champagne, the former
admiration, that Americans
household, "I would like to
University of Michigan foot-
have for Japan.
olate
ball player towered over the
express my deep gratitude
Earlier in the day, the Em-
5-foot 5-inch Emperor, who
to your Government and your
peror accepted again an in-
people for the goodwill and
until 1945 was officially re-
Select now for Christmas giving
oring
vitation from the President to
aid you, gave us in the con-
garded as having divine quali-
visit the United States. The
ties. Before Japan's defeat, no
Fered.
fusing period after the war."
invitation was originally ex-
common citizen was allowed
President Ford, who like the
tended during the Nixon Ad-
$230
Emperor was dressed In white
to look on the Emperor, and
ministration and has been a
even his voice was kept off
Ford Rebuffs Tokyo Governor on Nuclear Issue
Diamond Elegance
ess.
By RICHARD HALLORAN
men that the President had ex
for nuclear weapons arising
CLASSIC DISTINCTION
Special to The New York Times
pressed "his understanding of
from the atomic bombings of
the special sensitivities of the
ENHANCED WITH
TOKYO, Nov. 19-President
Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the
Ford today brushed off an ef-
Japanese" but had reiterated
end of World War II. Anti-
fort by the Governor of Tokyo
the American position trhat the
SPARKLING DIAMONDS
American leftists, such as Gov-
Issue would be dealt with
to get assurances that the
ernor Minobe, play on it, and
within the framework of the
Mr. Ford's answers apparently
United States was not bring-
United State-Japan Mutual Se.
gave the Left a new instrument
ing nuclear weapons into Ja-
curity Treaty.
with which. to attack the Unit-
pan, thus leaving unresolved an
The Japanese have a distaste
ed States.
issue that rankles relations be-
tween the two countries.
Gov. Ryokichi Minobe told
Shoes
newsmen that he had tried
to raise the issue with Mr. Ford
10017
during a courtesy call on the
President this afternoon. But
583
each time, the Governor said,
the: President declined to dis+
cuss the subject on the ground
that he had talked about it with
Premier Kakuei, Tanaka.
Mr. Minobe, a Socialist elect-
ed with Communist support)
contended that It was quite
poper for him to bring up the
Come
issue as the chief executive of
Japan's largest prefecture.
BAUME MERCIER
came away from the meet
ing very dissatisfied,' he said
KSGIVING
Secretary of State Kissinger
confirmed the conversation on
ROBERT DAVID MORTON
the nuclear issue. He told news-
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18
THE NEW. YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 197
FORD AND TANAKA
Reporter N
NOTE JOINT TASKS
Is That For
By RICHARD HALLOBAN
President Arrives in Kyoto
Special to The Mage
After Ending Tokyo Talks
TOKYO, Nov: 20-The
best thing about President
With Broad Accords
Ford's visit to Tokyo was
that the worst didn't Happen.
There: were no big anti-
Continued From Page 1, Col. 6
American demonstrations, no
incidents to threaten the
States Marine helicopter for the
President, no bombing of the
short ride to Tokyo Interna-
American Club of of the Pan
tional Airport, where his plane
American World Alrways of
was waiting to fly him to
fice or other obviously Amer-
Osaka, Japan's second largest
city and commercial center
Ican symbols, no tearing
down or burning of the hun-
about 300 miles to the west.
dreds of American flags that
The President flew from there
decorated the Ginza
to Kyoto by helicopter for an
In sum, the protest out-
afternoon of sightseeing amid
bursts that American offi-
the temples and shrines of the
clais had feared and for
city that was Japan's capital
which the Japanese officials
from 794 to 1868.
had prepared did: not occur
Mr. Ford and Premier Kakuel
and that raised more ques-
Tanaka signed a joint commu-
tions than just about any-
niqué yesterday that stressed
thing else among the Ameri-
a need for new initiatives on
can visitors here.
trade, energy and food but did
The mobilization of 160,
not pledge either country to
000 policemen good
any specific course of action.
part of the reason were
Secretary of State Kissinger
the raids on hideouts of radi-
said that Mr. Ford's visit, the
cals who might have caused
first to Japan by an American
violence. Japan wasn't exact-
President, had achieved "the
ly: a police state during the
optimum of what one had
visit here, although those
hoped for show of friend-
parts of Tokyo where the
ship and candld talks, that
Associated Pyess
President was: visiting or
could lead to more specific
staying were something like
President Ford shaking hands with members of the staff of state guest house in Tokyo,
agreements in the future.
small police boroughs
where he had been staying, before leaving for Kyoto, the ancient capital, this morning.
Nevertheless, there were,
Anti Americanism Outmoded
signs that the talks may have
There seemed to be some-
been hampered by-Mr. Ta-
Text of the U.S.-Japanese Communique
thing more in the crisp au
naka's weakened political posi-
tumn that the amotional
tion. During Mr. Ford's visit
anti Americanism of some
the newspapers have carried
reports that because of Japan's
TOKYO, Nov 20 (AP)
increasingly important to
able friendship has been
leftlat sectors in the nineteen-
troubled economy and Mr. Ta.
Following is the text of the
strengthen international bco-
sixtles: was outmoded. The
based upon the continued de
nomic cooperation. The Unit-
Japanese Government, some
Pres
naka's alleged enrichment at
United States-Japanese com-
velopment of mutual: under-
Intellectuals and American of-
ed States and Japan recognize
a do
public expense, the Premier Is
muniqué issued today at the
the necessity of the construc-
standing and enhanced com-
ficials apparently succeeded
Tok
likely to be replaced shortly
conclusion of President
tive use of their human and
munication between their
with their argumento that If
than
after Mr. Ford leaves Japan.
Ford's talks with Japanese
peoples, at many levels and
the President of the United
material resources to bring
Mr. Kissinger. during the
officials:
in many aspects of their
States could visit Moscow
about solutions to major eco-
President's visit this week, has
nomic problems. The estab-
lives. They will seek there
and Peking and almost any-
Jap
spent much of his time talking
President Ford of the
lishment of an open, and
fore, 19to expand further
where In safety, there
man-i
to other officials in the con-
United States of America
harmonious world economic
cirittiral. and educational In-
was not much reason for
found
servative Government who are
paid an official visit to Japan
terchange which fosters and
keeping him out of Tokyo
takin;
system is indispensable for
expected to stay on should Mr.
between Nov. 18 and 22 at
serves to Increase such uh-
Funder, the Japanese seem
conta,
international peacel pros-
Tanaka be replaced Mr. Kis-
the invitation of the Govern
derstanding.
preocupied. with ether some
perity and & primary goal of
singer denied that he was trying
ment of Japan. President
[10]
things: these days. Life in
older
both nations. The United
to bypass Mr. Tanaka, but he
great parts of Tokyo went on
the
Ford met Their Majesties the
States and Japan will. to this
confirmed that the American
Emperor and Empress of
In the spirit of friendship
without anyone's being con-
all of
end, continue to promote
initiatives here were intended
Japan at the Imperial Palace
and mutual trust, the United
cerned with the presence of
he
pr
close economic and trade re-
to survive any change in the
on Nov. 19.
States and Japan are deter
the President. People were
so th
lations between the two coun-
top leadership.
mined to keep each. other
far more concerned with a
see h
In discussions held on Nov.
tries and participate con-
fully informed and to
TV Coverage Is Thorough
19 and 20, President Ford
rall strike that disrupted life
On
structively In: international
strengthen the practice of
A further sign that Mr. Ford's
and Prime Minister Tanaka
for about hours: Deeper
was
efforts to Insure a coptinuing
frank and timely consulta
them that is the overriding
here.
visit has been more symbolic
agreed on the following com-
expansion of world wtrade
tions on potential bilateral
mon purposes underlying fu
concern with roaring inflation
spec-
than substantive was the fact
through negotiations to re-
issues and pressing global
And the way It has eaten into
Club
that the President's public ap-
ture relations between the
duce tariff and other trade
problems of common con-
United States and Japan:
divling standards
sent
pearances, which have ap-
distortions and to create a
cern.
pen
peared on television screens
[1]
stable and balanced Inter-
[11]
The United States and Jac
national monetary order Both
The Japanese people would
prou
throughout the day and Into the
evening; have far overshad-
pan, Pacific nations sharing
countries will remain com-
Friendly and cooperative
not have seen President
mac
mitted to their International
relations between the United
Ford if It had not been for
Mr.
owed the Ford-Tanaka talks or
many political and mconomic
the Issues under discussion.
pledges to: avoid actions
States and Japan have grown
television, given the tight
the
Interests, have developed
which adversely affect Lthe
and deepened over the years
security restrictions. Even
pen
Yesterday. after making
a
close and mutually beneficial
did
economies of other national
in many diverse fields of
Mr. Ford's one hand shaking
speech before the Japan Press
relationship based on the
the
human endeavor. Both coun-
session, just after he left
Club, Mr. Ford went to the
principle of equality Their
[6]
tries reaffirm that, in their
Emperors Hubbito's palace
final
Budokan hall and viewed per-
friendship and cooperation
The United States and NA.
totality these varied rela
yesterday Addred out to
formances of judo, Kendo, gym-
are founded upon A common
pan recognize the need for
tionships constitute major.
have been staged, with the
Se
nastics and volleyball. He was
determination to maintain
foundation stones on which
people having been' checked
sing
cheared by a crowd of more
more) efficient and rational
political systems respecting
than 10,000 who waved Japa-
utilization and distribution
the o-countries base their
out and planted there
secu:
Individual; freedom and fun-
nese and American flags. Yet In
of world resources. Realizing
respective. foreign policies
But the television coverage
news
damental Human fights as
keeping with the extraordinary
the importance of stable sup
and form an Indispensable
was extensive and camera-
step:
well as market economies
security precautions that the
plice of energy at reasonable
ement supporting stable in
men went overywhere they
that
which enhance the scope for
Japanese authorities have car-
prices, they will seek, in
ternational political and eco
were allowed to go A stop
sibili
ried out, it was a carefully
creativity and the prospect of
manner suitable to their
nomic relations.
at & bunraku puppet theater,
ment
screened audience drawn from
assuring the well being of
economies, to expand and
This first visit to Japan by
however, was deleted from
ever
schools and the American com-
their peoples.
versify energy (supplies, der
Incumbent President of
the schedule during the plan-
Japa
Mr.
munity here and brought In by
(2)
velop new energy, sources
the of American
ning stage because the White
Dedicated to the mainted
and conserve on the use of
add new page to
House thought would
WI
bus.
From there he went to the
nance of peace and the evo-
scared fuels They both
history of amily between the
not make for good televi
the
Okura Hotel for two receptions,
tach treat Importance to en
countries.
sion
Tution of $ stable internals
ampl
one for members of Parliament
tional order reflecting the
hancing cooperation among
and the other for dignitaries
high purposes and principles)
consuming countries and
outside the Government. And
of the Charter of the United
they Intend, In concert with
both Mr. Ford mingled with
Nations,- the United States
other nations to pursue
the crowds and Imade brief To
and Japan will continue to
harmonious relations Awith
marks Later, he Estopped at
encourage the development
producing nations. Both
the American Embassy, across
of conditions in the All
countries agree that further
arvey
the street, for another recep
Pacific area which will (a-
international
|cooperative
servative Government who are
paid an official visit to Japan
bystem is indispensable for
terchange which Iosters and
expected to stay on should Mr.
between Nov. 18 and 22 at
serves to Increase such uh-
Further, the Japanese seem
contact
stride,
Tanaka be replaced Mr. Kis-
international peace and pros-
the invitation of the Govern
derstanding.
preocrupied with ether
some
were
Irked.
S
singer denied that he was trying
perity and A primary goal of
to bypass Mr. Tanaka; but he
both nations. The United
[10]
things these days Life in
older man: This is
ment of Japan. President
Ford met Their Majesties the
great parts of Tokyo went on
the pre-war Empero:
confirmed that the American
States and Japan will, to this
Emperor and Empress
3
In the spirit of friendship
without anyone's being con-
all of the streets Alon
initiatives here were intended
and, continue to promote
Japan the Imperial Palace
and mutual trust, the United
cerned with. the presence of
he passed were blo
to survive any change in the
close economic and trade re-
on Nov. 19.
States and Japan are deter
the. President. People were
so that the people
lations between the two coun-
top leadership.
mined to keep each other
far more concerned with a
see bim."
In discússions held on Nov.
tries and participate con-
fully informed and to
TV Coverage Is Thorough
rall strike that disrupted life
One incident,
19 and 20, President Ford
structively In: international
strengthen the practice of
and Prime Minister Tanaka
for about hours. Deeper
was not shown on 1.
A further sign that Mr. Ford's
efforts to Insure a continuing
frank and timely consulta
visit has been more symbollo
agreed on the following com-
than that Is the overriding
here. After giving à
expansion of world trade
tions on potential bilateral
concern with roaring Inflation
speech at the Jap:
than substantive was the fact
mon purposes underlying fu
through negotlations to re-
issues and pressing global
that the President's public ap-
ture relations between the
And the way it has eaten into
Club, the President
duce tariff and other trade
problems of common con-
Hvling standards.
sented with a new
pearances, which have ap
United States and Japan:
distortions and to create a
cern.
pen that the club
peared on television screens
[1]
stable and balanced inter-
[11]
The United States and Ja.
national monetary order. Both
The Japanese people would
proudly announce
throughout the day and Into the
evening: have Larl overshad-
pan, Pacific nations sharing
countries will remain com-
Friendly and cooperative
not have seen President
made in Japan." I
many political and economic
mitted to their international
relations between the United
Ford if it had not been for
Mr. Ford tried to 8
owed the Ford-Tanaka talks or
the issues under discussion.
pledges to. avoid actions
States and Japan have grown
television, given the tight
the guest book wir
Interests, have developed a
which adversely affect the
and deepened over the years
security restrictions. Even
pen would not write
Yesterday, after making a
close and mutually beneficial,
did one he borrow
economies of other national
in many diverse fields of
speech before the Japan Press
Mr. Ford's one hand-shaking
relationship based on the
human endeavor. Both coun-
Club, Mr. Ford went to the
session, just after he left
the club president.
principle of equality. Their
[6]
tries reaffirm that, in their,
Budokan hall and viewed per-
Emperor Hirohito's palace
finally used his ov
friendship and cooperation
The United States and Ja-
totality, these varied rela-
yesterday, turned out to
formances of judo, kendo, gym-
are founded upon a common
pan recognize the need for a
tionships constitute major
have been staged, with the
Secretary of S1
nastics and volleyball. He was
determination to maintain
cheered by a crowd of more
more efficient and rational
foundation stones on which
people having been checked
singer was asked
political systems respecting
utilization and distribution
the two countries base their
out and planted there.
security arrangem.
than 10,000 who waved Japa-
individual freedom and fun-
nese and American flags. Yet in
of world resources. Realizing
respective foreign policies
But the television coverage
news conference
damental human rights as
the Importance of stable supply
and
form
an
Indispensable
was extensive and camera.
stepped the issu
keeping with the extraordinary
well as market economies
security precautions that the
plies of energy at reasonable
dement supporting stable in-
men went everywhere they
that security was Il
which enhance the scope for
sibility of the hos
Japanese authorities have car-
prices, they will seek, in
ternational political and eco.
were allowed to go. A stop
creativity and the prospect of
manner suitable to their
nomic relations.
at a bunraku puppet theater,
ment. He did SURI
ried out, it was a carefully
screened audience drawn from
assuring the well-being of
economies, to expand and di
This first visit to Japan by
however, was deleted from
ever, that pert
schools and the American com-
their peoples
versify energy supplies, de-
an incumbent President of
the schedule during the plan-
Japanese had "ove
(2)
velop new energy sources
the United States of America
'ning stage because the White
Mr. Ford's safety
munity here and brought in by
bus.
Dedicated to the mainte--
and conserve on the use of
will add a new page to the
House staff thought it would
Whatever the me
From there he went to the
scarce fuels. They both. at
history of amity between the
not make for good televi-
the precautions, 1
nance of peace and the evo-
two countries.
sion.
Okura Hotel for two receptions,
lution of a stable interna-
tach great importance to en-
ample display of
one for members of Parliament
tional order reflecting the
hancing cooperation among
and the other for dignitaries
high purposes and principles
consuming countries and
outside the Government. And
of the Charter of the United
they intend, in concert with
L.
at both Mr. Ford mingled with
Nations. the United States
other nations. to pursue
the crowds and made brief re-
and Japan will continue to
harmonious relations with
marks. Later, he stopped at
encourage the development
producing nations. Both
the American Embassy, across
of conditions in the Asia-
countries agree that further
Harvey Sou
the street, for another recep-
Pacific area which will fa-
international cooperative ef
tion and in the evening he
cilitate peaceful settlement
forts are necessary to fore-
was host at a dinner in the
of outstanding issues by the
stall an economic and finan-
state guest house in honor of
parties most concerned, re-
cial crisis and to lead to a
there's no such
Emperer Hirohito and Empress
duce international tensions,
new era of creativity and
Nagako.
promote the sustained and
common progress.
It was the kind of activity
orderly growth of developing
Recognizing the urgency
that Mr. Ford enjoys and the
countries and encourage
of the world food problem
61-year-old President, smiling
constructive relationships
and the need for an Interna-
through it all, showed no sign
among countries in the area.
tional framework to insure
of fatigue.
Each country will contribute
stable food supplies, the
a beginner's St
The communiqué was made
to this task in the light of
United States and Japan will
public yesterday after the sec
its own responsibilities and
participate constructively in
ond and last two-hour meeting
capabilities. Both countries
multilateral efforts to, seek
between Mr. Ford and Mt.
recognize that cooperative
ways to strengthen assist-
'When you invest in stereo, you
Tanaka and other American
relations between the United
anot to developing countries
and Japanese officials. Calling
States and Japan under the
in the field of agriculture, to
you'll be able to live with for a long
for closer economic ties, it sup-
Treaty of Mutual Coopera-
improve the supply situation
ported in a general way Mr.
tion and Security constitute
Here's a great one. And at only
of agricultural products and
Kissinger's efforts to have the
an important and durable
to assure an adequate level
than you'd ever have guessed.
oil-consuming nations stand to
element in the evolution of
of food reserves. They recog-
gether to keep down prices and
the international situation in
nize the need for cooperation
increase the supplies.
Asia and will continue to
among food producers and
Cooperation Stressed:
play an effective and mean-
consumers to deal with
ingful role in promoting
shortage situations.
Both countries, the document
peace and stability in that
said, "attach great Import
area.
[7]
tance to enhancing cooperation
[3]
For the well-being of the
among consuming countries
and they intend, in concert
The United States and Ja-
peoples of the world, a steady
pan recognize the need for
improvement in the techno-
with other:mations, to pursue
harmonious relations with pro-
dedicated efforts by all coun-
logical and economic capabill-
ducing nations. Both-countries
tries to pursue additional
ties of developing countries
arms limitation and arms
must be a matter of common
Advent Smaller Loudspeaker
Pioneer SX 434 AM/FM Stereo Receiver
agree that further international
concern to all nations. In rec-
cooperative efforts are néces
reduction measures, in par-
sary to forestall an economic
ticular controls over nuclear
ognition of the importance of
A bargain stateo systems no bargain at all it you grow
and financial crisis and to lead
armaments and to prevent
assisting developing coun-
tries, particularly those with-
tired of it after a few months, and then have to go to the
to a new era of creativity and
the further spread of nuclear
weapons or other nuclear
out significant natural
expense and trouble of trading up to something you really
common progress.
explosive devices while "fa-
resources, the United States
do likes
Japan imports all of her all;
70 per cent of which is used
cilitating. the expanded use
and Japan will, individually
for Industrial purposes. Japec
of nuclear energy for peace-
and with the participation and
That's why at Harvey Sound WC specially assemble pre-
ful purposes. Both countries
support of other traditional
selected stereo systems whose performance will satisfy
nese officials are said to be will-
underline the high responsi-
aid-donors and those newly
ing to join the United States in
able to assist, maintain and
even the most critical listener, but whose prices will be a
an oil conservation effort short
bility of all nuclear-weapon
states in such efforts, and
expand programs of coopera-
pleasant surprise even to people who may be getting into
of Interfering with-commercial
needs, but are eager to avoid
note the Importance of pro-
tion through assistance and
trade as those nations seek to
high quality components forthe first time.
any confrontation with oll-
tecting non-nuclear weapon
producing Arab nations.
states against nuclear threats.
achieve sound and orderly
Take this famous Pioneer/Advent/Garrard system. It
growth.
features the Pionect AM/FM Stereo Receiver an
The communiqué also. ad-
[4]
[8]
dressed, in an equally vague
The United States and Ja-
uncannily well-balanced unit with extremely sensitive FM
way, nuclear arms control.
The United States and Japan
pan recognize the remarkable
face many new challenges
reception, plenty of convenient, operating features; and
"The United States and Japan,"
range of their interdependence
common to mankind as they
more than enough power to produce roomsful of beautiful
it said, "recognize the need for
and the need for coordinated
dedicated efforts by all coun-
endeavor to preserve the nat-
responses to new problems
sound
ural environment and to
tries to pursue additional arms-
confronting the international
open new areas for explors
hosystem also includes a pair of Advent Smaller Loud-
limitation: and arms-reduction
community, They will Inten-
measures, in particular controls
tion such as space and the
sify efforts to promote close
over nuclear armaments, and to
oceans. In broad cooperation
cooperation among industri-
with other countries, they will
prevent the further spread of
alized democracies while
promote research and facill.
nuclear weapons or other nu-
striving steadily to encourage
tate the exchange of informa
clear. explosive devices while
a further relaxation of ten-
tion In such science
Harvel
facilitating the expanded use of
sions In the world through
technology and environmental
nuclear energy. for peaceful
dialogue and exchanges with
protection. in an effort to
Manhattani 155 East 45th thear3rd Ave 1687-888
purposes,
countries of different social
meet the needs of modern 80+
Both countries underline the
systems.
ciety, Improve the quality of
SthAve 575-5000
high responsibility of all nuclear
[5]
life and attain/more balanced
Nassau St 964-1820
weapon states in such efforts,
economic growth.
Woodbury 60 Crossivays Park West
endinote the importance of pro-
In view of the growing in
tecting nonhuclear weapon
terdependence of all countries
[9]
behind UA
states inuclear threats,
and present global economic
The United States and Ja
recognize
dur
ORK NOVEMBER 21, 1974
Reporter Notebook: Tokyo's Good News
Is That Ford Brought No Bad News
By RICHARD HALLORAN
with gymnastics and volley
Special to The NEW Tork Times
ball events. Later, how-
TOKYO, Nov. 20
ever, the United States
best thing about President
Embassy called back and
Ford's visit to Tokyo was
canceled the invitation be
2
that the worst didn't happen.
cause of the security.
There were no big anti-
The President also may
have lost a few absented
American demonstrations, no
votes at the American Club
incidents to threaten the
here. A few members thought
President, no bombing of the
they had tickets to the event
American Club or of the Pan
in the Budokan-only to be
American World Alrways of
with at the last minute that
fice or other obviously Amer-
the White House staff mems
Ican symbols, no tearing
bers needed more seats and
down or burning of the hun-
had taken theirs, according
dreds of American flags that
to a disgruntled member
decorated the Ginza.
1
In sum, the protest out-
bursts that American offi-
Security did not stop
clais had feared and for
members of Japan's Parlia
which. the Japanese officials
ment from trying to have
had prepared did not occur
their pictures taken with the
-and that raised more ques-
President at a reception. this
tions than just about any-
afternoon. Just as in America,
thing else among the Ameri-
that makes good publicity
can visitors here.
with the folks back home
The mobilization of 160,
Some members made deals
000 policemen WHEN good
with others-each to take a
part of the reason were
picture of the other with the
the raids on hideouts of radi-
President.
cals who might have caused
There was also a Presiden-
violence. Japan wasn't exact-
tial slip-up at the reception,
ly, a police state during the
though it did not have any,
visit here, although those
thing to do with security. Mr.
parts of Tokyo where the
Ford noted that he had spent
many years in the American
President was visiting or
Associated Press
staying were something like
Congress, almost always In
house in Tokyo,
the minority party, and spoke,
small police boroughs
as if the members of his audi-
ital, this morning.
Anti-Americanism Outmoded
ence were also members of
There seemed to be some-
the minority. But those as
thing more in the crisp au-
sembled represented the con
munique
tumn the emotional
servative majority. since the
anti -Americanism of some
Socialist and Communist par-
leftist sectors in the nineteen
ties boycotted the reception
endship has been
sixtles was outmoded. The
United Press International
in protest over, Mr. Ford
on the continued de-
Japanese Government, some
President Ford ceremonially completing the planting of
visit to Japan.
I of mitual under
Intellectuals and American of
a dogwood tree on grounds of the state guest house in
and masiced com:
ficials apparently succeeded
Tokyo as members of the staff watched. Mr. Ford
Newsmen covering the
on between their
with their? arguments that If
thanked them for looking after him during his stay.
Presidential visit went'around
at many levels and
the President of the United
looking a little like ponies
aspects of their
States could visit Moscow
that had won awards im
ey will seek there
and Peking and almost any-
Japanese newspapers, in
nese penchant for detail. The
horse show. Besides their
where (else in' safety, there
man-in-the-street interviews,
expand further
Hotel New Otani and its tow.
identification cards, they hadm
and educational in-
was not much reason for
found the Japanese mostly
er annex overlook the state
to wear a variety of colored
which fosters and
keeping him out of Tokyo A
taking the lack of personal
guest house. that was Mr.
ribbons pinned to their lapelanin
increase such un-
Further, the Japanese seem
contact in stride, though
Ford's quarters, To hasten a
The Japanese Governments
preocrupied with other
some were Irked. Said one
policeman ability to iden-
ing.
designated, for the four days
things these days Life in
older man: This is just like
tify any untoward movement
of events, some 84 places
[10]
great parts of Tokyo went on
the pre war Emperor, when,
spotted: in- the hotel or its
from which newsmen could
spirit of friendship
without anyone's being con-
all of the streets along which
annex, large numbers were
watch or take pictures, Each
ual trust, the United
cerned with the presence of
he passed were blooked off
hurig outside every five
required a. different-colored
nd Japan are deter-
the President. People were
so that the people couldn't
floors. Thus the policeman
ribbon with an event number
0 keep each other
far more concerned with a
see him."
had. only to look up to the
on it-a total of about 4,590
informed and to
rail strike that disrupted life
One incident, however,
15th floor. and count three
ribbons./
en the practice of
for about. hours. Deeper
was not shown on television
more if he saw something
For the most part, the unizoi
nd timely consultar
than that is the overriding
here, After giving a televised
suspicious on the 18th floor.
formed police officers who,
1 potential bilateral
concern with roaring inflation
speech at the Japan Press
The security also showed
had. to enforce the restric
and pressing global
And the way It has eaten into
Club, the President was pre-
off the Japanese passion for
tions did so courteously and
$ of common con-
living standards.
sented with a new fountain
bureaucracy. A White House
with an effort to be helpful,
pen that the club president
staff member showed up at
But Japanese officials, whom
[11]
The Japanese people would
proudly announced was
the Budokan, the Hall of
have never been able to hold
made in Japan. But when
Martial Arts, this afternoon
Ily and cooperative
not have seen President
energetic Japanese newsmen
Mr. Ford tried to autograph
without the blue ribbon that
between the United
Ford if it had not been for
entirely in check, frequently
television, given the tight
the guest book with it, the
nd Japan have grown
was his pass to get in. He
harassed American and other
security restrictions. Even
pen would not write. Neither
pened over the years
pulled out, all his White
correspondents
did one he borrowed from
House credentials but the
y diverse fields of
Mr. Ford one hand-shaking
One slender young womanness
endeavor, Both coun-
session, just after he left
the club president. Mr. Ford
guard was adamant - no
official ordered photograge.
finally used his own.
affirm that, in their
Emperors Hirohito' palace
blue ribbon, no admission.
phers and reporters to leave a
these varied rela
yesterday, spirned out to
The White House man finally
reception as soon as the
constitute major
have been staged, with the
Secretary of State Kis
got hold of the required blue
President had finished speaks
ion stones on which
people having been checked
singer was, asked about the
ribbon which could have
Ing. "An American reportence
countries base their
out and planted there.
security arrangements at a
been bought for a few cents
pointed. out (that the instruct
ve foreign policies"
But the television coverage
news conference but side-
at any dry goods store:
tions said, in English that/si
cm an Indispensable
was extensive and camera-
stepped the issue, noting
journalists may" leave after
supporting stable in
men went everywhere they
that security was the respon-
Some of the precautions
the eventi/
nal political and eco-
were allowed to go. A stop
sibility of the host govern-
took curious turns. An Amer-
No, she argued, the
elations,
at bunraku puppet theater,
ment. He did suggest, how-
Ican missionary here was
nese instructions said
(irst.visit apan by
however, was deleted from
ever, that perhaps the
asked to round up some
must leave The semanties
imben President
schedule during the plan-
Japanese had over insured
friends and take them to the
difference was never
tedistates,
because the White
Mr. Ford's safety,
Budokan to see the Presi-
but the myoung woman
18 STEEM to
House staff thought it would
Whatever the merits of all
dent watching a display of
ther
point
she
of
amily
make for good televi-
the precautions, they gave
Judo and kendo two of the
dozen hus plainclothe
intries,
ample: display of the Japa
so-called martial arts, along
licemen on side
believer
11/22/74
16
President Tours Old Kyoto and Samples Some of Its Elegance KOREANS PROTEST
By FOX BUTTERFIELD
tourist. At Nijo Castle and the
PRESIDENT'S VISIT
Special to The New York Times
Golden Pavillon-the one final-
KYOTO, Japan, Friday, Nov.
ly bullt in the 14th century, was
22-President Ford visited the
destroyed by fire; it was rebuilt
Women Who Enter Embassy
elegant Golden Pavilion, tried
in 1950-the President had to
his hand at an ancient Japanese
don slippers before going In-
Are Taken Off by Police
stringed instrument and dined
side. He seemed to have some
with geisha yesterday In this
difficulty with them, for they
Special 10 The New York Times
ancient Japanese imperial
repeatedly slid off.
SEOUL, South Korea, Nov
capital.
On another occasion the vis-
21-About 50 riot policeme;
It was a day of sightseeing
ltor from Grand Rapids, Mich.,
rushed into the United State
for Mr. Ford, his fourth and last
appeared to have a language
Embassy compound today and
in Japan; he goes on to South
problem. A question about the
halted a peaceful demonstra
Korea for the second stop of his
date of & well-tended garden
tion by Korean women demand
Far Eastern tour. Looking tired
elicited from a,guide the answer
ing to see the Ambassador
but apparently enjoying him-
yes, a polite ambiguity that
Richard L. Snelder.
self, the President said, "It has
puzzles foreigners.
The women, mostly wive
been a wonderful trip.'
At the tea house of the castle
and mothers of Intellectual
"The culture of Japan cer-
the President was persuaded to
Jalled under emergency de
tainly is an inspiration," he ad-
try playing a koto, a 13-
crees last summer, said the
ded after walking through an-
stringed court instrument, after
wanted to ask President For
other site, the 17th-century
a group of six kimono-clad wo-
to request the release of th
Nijo Castle, a stately white-
men performed a brief concert
political prisoners on their be
walled compound built as the
for him, but the picks did not
half when he meets with Pres
Kyoto residence for Japan's
fit his fingers.
dent Park Chung Hee tomor
military regents.
For dinner last night Mr.
row: In all, 203 Intellectual
Ford ate his first Japanese food
and others were tried under th
For the first time he saw dem-
of the trip, at the Tsuruya, a
decrees which forbade criti
onstrators protesting his visit
fashionable restaurant that
clsm of the Government an
as he toured this city, Japan's
serves Kyoto's traditional cul-
fifth largest, which served as
the constitution.
sine, noted for its artistic ap-
the seat of the emperors from
An Embassy spokesman sal
pearance. Mr. Ford, who used
794 until the capital was moved
the police had entered th
to Tokyo in 1868. As he entered
chopsticks, was served by two
compound "without prior CO:
the castle a small group of stu-
young geisha, or women enter-
sultations."
tainers.
The women eluded the M
dents under the direction of the
Japan Communist party chant-
As in other countries, Secre-
rine guards by entering one t
ed, "Oppose Ford's visit!"
tary State Kissinger, who ac-
one. Once inside they flippe
companied the President,
out a placard and began sin
Students and Police Clash
seemed to impress the Japa-
ing "We Shall Overcome."
Later demonstrators In red
riese. At the old Imperial Pal-
"President Ford, do you su
and black helmets with white
ace, the President's first stop,
port this dictatorial system
towels around their faces
the chief of the Imperial House-
the placard said.
clashed with riot policemen as
hold Agency, who guided the
Among the 20 to 25 protes
they marched through the
American visitors, said after-
ers were the mother of KI
streets near the Miyako. Hotel,
ward that Mr. Kissinger "has a
Chi Ha, South Korea's be
where Mr. Ford was staying.
really husky voice and looked
known poet; Mrs. Kang Sh
The well-equipped policemen
quite stout"qualities the Jap-
Ok, wife of a lawyer impri
knocked many of the students,
anese admire. "I felt that such
oned last summer while defen
estimated to number 10,000, to
Associated Press
an impressive voice and appear-
ing dissident students at ml
the ground by beating them
President Ford eating at a restaurant In Kyoto, Japan, last night. Here the President
ance must help him as a diplo-
tary trials; and Mrs. Pak Hyo
across the knees with metal
mat," the official added.
Kyu, wife of a dean at Yon!
poles. An undetermined number
Is experiencing some of the Westerner's usual difficulties in handling chopsticks
Mr Kissinger, who has
Theological Seminary.
were arrested. Four policemen
sometimes been accused of in-
An unidentified embassy (
were injured, according to the
of Kyoto's poetry and novels-
dustrial and cultural center
dominantly Communist govern-
sensitivity to Japanese feelings,
ficial intervened when t
authorities.
a melancholy awareness of the
with traffic James, smog and
ment. Like the Japan Commu-
surprised his host with his
police. began picking, up it
Most of Kyoto's 1.4 million
passing of time and the evanes-
radical students.
nist party in general, however,
knowledge of Japanese history.
demonstrators and hauli
people did not seem much in-
cence of things.
Despite Its imperial past and
the Kyoto branch is more bour-
When Mr. Ford asked the date
them into a bus, "Get the E
terested in the President; there
Like Rome, Kyoto-the name
well-preserved temples, palaces
geols than militant and caters
of the Meiji restoration the
lice out!' the shouted. He al
were almost no crowds waiting
means "the capital"-has.flour-
and houses, which attract mil-
to the many small shopkeepers
political movement that put Ja.
asked the police to release
to see him.
ished; declined, been burned to
lions of tourists, the city has
and artisans.
pan on her modern course Mr.
women soon," saying: This
The people of Kyoto have no
the ground and rebuilt over the
the strongest Communist party
For Mr. Ford the only prob-
Kissinger quickly supplied the
a peaceful protest. They
real interest In Ford, com-
centuries, It: has seen every.
in Japan and is run by a pre-
lems were those of the typical
correct answer, 1868
no harm. We hope that
mented an antiques dealer,
thing from anicarly esthetically
Shoichiro Mizutani. 'Kyoto has
sophisticated court society that
been here a long time
produced Japan's epic novel,
all Ford will? be gone
Tale of Genji, to cruel medie-
tomorrow. Mr. Mizutani ad-
val warlords and feuding
ded, sounding's favorite theme
monks, to A contemporary in;
The
Ford Arrives in South Korea;
1Foes of Criticize the Visit
Continue From Cor.2
have upon the ashes of
effort 10 find- security on
States
the Korean's and Vietnam
COO what sunny day
said
United
States
"Nothing binds
or
(h)
same
hell
of
have
stood
for you
the Long Island Gasoline Retailers As-
quest of the United States to discuss the
sociation. And the situation was expected
Nicaraguan crisis.
to be just as bleak today.
Paraguay and Nicaragua voted against
By late yesterday afternoon, virtually
the resolution. Guatemala, Honduras, El
all neighborhood stations in New York
Salvador, Uruguay and Chile abstained.
City, Long Island and Westchester
Three members did not take part.
County were closed, and by early evening
It was the first action of the kind by the
some stations along major highways such
O.A.S. since it condemned Fidel Castro's
as the Gov. Thomas E. Dewey Thruway.
Government in 1962 for subversion of
the Connecticut Turnpike and the West-
other Amer' states, and then sus-
chester County Parkways still had lines
Associated Press
pended Cuba from participation.
of up to 50 or 75 cars.
A Red Cross worker tended to
No Advice on How to Oust Him
Perhaps the longest line reported yes-
wounded Sandinist guerrilla in
terday was at the Merit Station on Queens
The resolution, introduced by 13 Latin
Boulevard, near 47th Street, In the Elm-
Costs Rica, as fighting spilled over
American and Caribbean nations and
the border from Nicaragua.
hurst section. Customers walted as long
also sponsored by the United States, did
as five hours In a line that stretched
not suggest how General Somoza was to
Mixture of Causes
be removed and made no reference to the
seven blocks north of the station, doubled
back a few blocks south - and was four
PRESIDENT DEPARTS
Inter-American peace force, which Secre-
cars deep.
tary of State Cyrus R. Vance had asked
More than 90 percent of gas stations In
the O.A.S. to consider "on an urgent
pect the
Schlesinger defined it last week, is to pro-
the metropolitan area did not open yes-
FOR TALKS IN JAPAN
basis."
vide "uniform and equitable" distribu-
terday, according to the Automobile Club
In Central America, a spokesman for
, overall
tion of available supplies. But in that
of New York and other agencies. Almost
the Nicaraguan insurgents denied
I energy
quest the Department of Energy has de-
all stations were limiting motorists to $4
charges by the United States that Cuba
roblems,
veloped 3,000 pages of specifications, ex-
worth of gas, or less.
was heavily involved in aid to the rebels.
ceptions and special provisions.
Carter Urges Democracies to Act
Resort hotels, suburban movie theaters
"Washington has to talk about Cuba in
rent dif-
The result, according to a number of
and recreation parks reported a signifi-
is inter-
energy experts, is A distorted shortage
to/Avert Conflict Over Energy
order to justify military Intervention in
Nicaragus," the spokesman said.
cant drop in patrons yesterday because of
of gaso-
with a variety of beneficiaries in terms of
the gas shortage.
In fighting today, Government troops
I world-
supply. Clearly, the rural areas have
There were these other related devel.
were clearing some rebel-held areas of
benefitted.
By TERENCE SMITH
At the
Managua, but the guerrillas reportedly
opments:
nent of
"The biggest single problem is misallo-
Special to The New York Times
captured a town 30 miles to the south.
9The Economic Regulatory Adminis-
bility is
ANCHORAGE, June 23 - President
[Page 11.]
's level.
Continued on Page 12, Column 1
Continued on Page 21, Column 1
Carter, departing for a seven-nation eco-
nomic summit meeting in Tokyo, warned
No Commitments by Members
has In-
the gap
today that the industrialized democracies
The resolution does not commit mem-
must coordinate their energy policies to
bers to any specific actions either to
as been
avoid being "set against each other in a
bring about the removal of General
:reasing
desperate competition for every barrel of
Somoza or to establish the kind of demo-
line, but
all, regardless of price.'
cratic government that it appears to envi-
nd even
In a departure statement in Washing-
sion for Nicaragua.
further
ton before flying here on the first leg of a
It simply urges the member nations to
dll con-
trip to Asia and the Pacific, Mr. Carter
"take steps that are within their reach to
argued that It was essential for the Indus-
facilitate an enduring and peaceful solu-
rate, is
trialized nations to import less oil,
tion of the Nicaraguan problem."
mes R.
produce more of It, and "together reduce
Nevertheless, Deputy Secretary of
ence OD
our dependence on a handful of oil-
State Warren M. Christopher halled the
to gaso-
producing countries."
document as "an extraordinary effort by
back at
He said he would call on the other na-
the nations of the Western Hemisphere to
I during
tions meeting in Tokyo next week to "stop
deal with the unique and tragic problem
the unacceptable bidding over the oil
of Nicaragua."
prices we pay" and agree to reduce im-
He said the United States was
Depart.
location
ports further in 1980.
"pleased" to support it in the interests of
how to
"What we cannot afford is to give in to
hemisphere solidarity.
18 vari-
4 mood of panic or desperation," he said,
"As far as I know, there is no precedent
for the broadly based and far-reaching
as Mr.
"or worse, to the Idea that each of us is
resolution adopted today," said Mr.
pitted against our fellow citizens in a des-
Christopher, who negotiated intensely
ed
Continued on Page 5, Column 1
Continued on Page 10, Column 4
ead
Insurgency Poses Growing Threat
To Afghanistan's Pro-Soviet Rulers
and B.
Ident of
By ROBERT TRUMBULL
Special to The New York Times
PESHAWAR, Pakistan, June 22 -
A
th aca-
chanted with Mr. Taraki's performance
arch-
rapidly growing insurgency in Afghani-
and would welcome his replacement,
re than
stan is posing an increasingly serious
through a coup If necessary, by someone
threat to the pro-Soviet Government of
>ughout
with more appeal among the Afghan peo-
are and
President Noor Mohammad Taraki, ac-
ple.
cording to diplomats and other observers
The New York Times (Terusa Zabale
here.
The diplomats are even discussing pos-
was
sible candidates to succeed Mr. Taraki,
ity and
James Gregory at Jarrell's Truck Plaza in Doswell, Va., with shotgun be
Mr. Taraki has survived so far, the dip-
One is Babrak Kamal, the leader of a
carries for protection. He said strike violence will cause him to "shut down. "
lomats said, only because of his hold on
consid-
the military and a lack of coordination in
Continued on Page 13, Column 1
vestiga-
ne unof-
the scattered rebel actions taking place
by Dr.
Truckers' Anger-Born of Threats
thoughout the mountainous, landlocked
of the
country. But the loyalty of the 000-man
Byrd to Tell Moscow
before
Afghan Army is considered shaky in the
run its
10 Their Self-Reliant Way of Life
face of mounting casualties and defec-
Of Senate Treaty Role
tions.
of
the
Guerrilla Factions May Be United
ced
By RICHARD D. LYONS
At the same time, prospects may have
By BERNARD WEINRAUB
erviews
Special to The How Yest Times
increased for uniting the many separate
Special to The New York Times
DOSWELL June 23 - The tie-ups
trucker, AI Phelps of Essex Junction, Vt.
and sometimes quarreling rebel organi- or
WASHINGTON, June, 23 Senator
that have halved away hauling across
said, shaking his head, Things aren't
zations based in this Pakistani border
Robert C yrd, the ma jority leader said
the nation arise from the fears of the self-
going the way they used to
town with the arrival from Kabul, the
today that be would tell Soviet leaders
the leathery loner who
Mr. Phelps and his fellow drivers have
chan capital, of a former of the
Moscov next WEEK that Senate #
as the symbol of in-
been thering in groups of two to 20 at
regime who says be will to bring the
DO obligation to the
ms way Allo is being
economic
pure
the truck stops along the north-south In
guerrills factions together.
RIC tree because of Leonld
political
terstates, scuming the asphalt with their
The Afghan Government
Brezhn
boots and wondering (aloud MAY their
radio broadcast that had crushed &
to
which
industry
complaints merit so little attention
armed demonstration
Train
the
highway,
Washing on while the tactics of other
battles Saturday in the capital
21 seem so
Reutory
bad. Pakistan.
been
manipulated
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, JUNE 24, 1979
Carter, Off to Japan, Urges Cooperation on Energy
time has had no noticeable effect on Mr.
established in 1856.
Carter, but some aldes said they were
In the economic summit meeting, on
THE NEW YORK TDO
tired as they set off on this longer and
Thursday and Friday, the President will
29 Wast 43d & NY. 10036 ou
Continued From Page 1
spend a long July 4 weekend in Hawaii.
has indicated that Mr. Carter intends to
physically more demanding trip.
join the leaders of Britain, France, West
The problem of Indochinese refugees is
continue the freeze on the withdrawal
The President was accompanied by
Germany, Canada, Japan and Italy for
The New York Tubes GSSN 0263-4331
perate scramble for dwindling supplies."
also expected to figure in the President's
that he announced in April 1978.
Secretary of States Cyrus R. Vance. Zbig-
the fifth annual gathering since the oil
Second-clem postage paid at New York N
The President's strongly-worded re-
talks. An American official said Mr. Car-
The President, accompanied by his
niew Brzezinski, the national security ad-
embargo of 1973-1974 quadrupled the
mailing offices.
marks seemed to foreshadow the ap-
ter would scek an expression of "our
wife, Rosalynn, their daughter. Amy. and
viser, stayed behind to monitor the situa-
price of petroleum. The previous meet-
MAIL SUBSCRIPTION U.S. FI
proach the United States would take at
shared human obligation" as well as
a party of officials and economic special-
tion in Nicaragua. Mr. Brzezinski will
ings were in Rambouillet, France, in
1Y
Workdays and Sundaya
$150.00
the Tokyo talks, which will be devoted al-
commitments by the various countries to
ists, left Andrews Air Force Base outside
leave for Japan on Tuesday along with
1975; in Puerto Rico in 1976; in London in
Workdays
78.21
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, ac.
1977 and in Bonn last year.
Sundays
77.71
most exclusively to developing a collec-
accept more refugees.
Washington sbortly after noon on the
The New York Theme Book Review. 18.00
tive response by the industrialized na-
In South Korea, the President will be
flight to Tokyo. With a refueling stop in
cording to the White House.
The Tokyo sessions will follow by a day
Reter to other souther -
tions to the global energy crisis.
reviewing his earlier decision to gradu-
Alaska, the trip will take 17 hours.
Mr. Carter will spend the first few days
a meeting in Geneva of the Organization
During his 12-day, 17,350-mile journey,
ally withdraw the 30,500 American
The President left five days after hav-
in Japan with Prime Minister Masayoshi
of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which
The Associated Prem is entried exclusively
Mr. Carter will also discuss economic
ground troops in light of new intelligence
ing returned from his meeting in Vienna
Ohira, visiting Oiso, a seafront villa that
is expected to raise oil prices again.
cabon of all - dependes credited .
and security matters with the Japanese
with Leonid 1. Brezhnev, the Soviet lead-
serves as the Prime Minister's retreat,
After the Tokyo meeting, President
credited in the paper and local - of -
indicating significant increases in North
backed burnin, Rights for republication of
and South Korean leaders, visit Ameri-
Korean ground forces deployed north of
er, and the signing of the Soviet-Ameri-
and Shimoda, a fishing village where the
Carter will visit South Korea, then go to
are also reserved.
can troops in the field in South Korea and
the demilitarized zone. The White House
can arms treaty. The quick turnaround
first American consulate in Japan was
Hawaii for a short rest.
OUR STRONG SUIT
THE QUINTESSENTIAL GABARDINE
BY CALVIN KLEIN FOR US ALONE
"All the News
That's Fit to Print"
Cye New YOTK on
VOL.CXXVIII
No.44,259
Copyright ($) The New Tunes
NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 25, 1979
SOMOZA DENOUNCES
Carter, in Japan,
RESOLUTION BY O.A.S.
Seeking to Unify
URGING NEW REGIME
Policy on Energy
Meets With Ohira Before
HE PLEDGES TO KEEP UP FIGHT
Economic Summit Talks
Hundreds of Casualties Reported
By HENRY SCOTT STOKES
Special te The New York Times
as Troops Pound Rebel-Held
TOKYO, Monday, June 25 - President
Districts in the Capital
Carter began talks today with Prime
Minister Masayoshi Ohira with the goal
of establishing a common position on the
gravest energy crisis the Industrial
By ALAN RIDING
democracies have faced since 1973.
Special to The New York Times
The Carter-Ohira talks are being held
MANAGUA, Nicaragua, June 24 -
before a seven-nation economic summit
President Anastasio Somoza Debayle of
meeting starting here Thursday.
Nicaragua dismissed today a call for his
Earlier today, Mr. Carter was given a
resignation by the Organization of Ameri-
ceremonial reception by Emperor HI-
can States and vowed to continue the
rohito in the courtyard of a Tokyo palace.
fight against Sandinist guerrillas seeking
Mr. Carter arrived in Tokyo last night
to overthrow him.
under a police guard of 26,000 for a five-
In a nationwide address, the 53-year-
day stay in Japan. Leftist urban guerril-
old leader sald a resolution approved by
las tried unsuccessfully to interfere with
the O.A.S. last night was a violation of
communications between the control
Nicaragua's sovereignty. although he ex-
tower at Haneda Airport and the Presi-
pressed willingness to consider Initia-
dent's plane by jamming radio beams
tives from any O.A.S. member "truly in-
and cutting cables for air control and
terested" in a peaceful solution to the
telephones.
crisis.
Four Demonstrations
But the Intensified fighting between the
There were four demonstrations by
besieged Somoza regime and the Sandin-
about 700 white-helmeted and white-
Ist rebels during the past 24 hours sug-
masked leftist activists near the airport.
gested that both sides remained deter-
They shouted "Stop Carter's arrival' and
mined/to settle their differences militari-
"Destroy the summit," but their move-
ly, either on the battle fronts of the north
Near-emptiness of Queensboro Bridge, normally filled with Sunday traffic, symbolized t
ments were peaceably halted by riot po-
and south or in the street fighting of east-
licemen carrying staves.
em Managua.
Strongest Attack Yet
The police said a total of 400,000 men
and women were on alert throughout
Japan to prevent incidents. The Ameri-
U.S. Clean-Water Program
Loi
Last night, after giving civilians 30
minutes to leave the area, the National
can Embassy, where the President is
Guard opened its strongest attack so far
staying, and two Tokyo hotels for Cabinet
on eastern Managua, dropping bombs
members and White House staff are bar-
from hellcopters hovering at 3,000 feet,
Meeting Rising Resistance
Ha
ricaded by police forces.
sending a T-33 jet fighter to fire rockets
O
into the area, and using mortars and a
With Mr. Carter here are Secretary of
Sherman tank to shell the rebel-held
State Cyrus R. Vance, Treasury Secre-
By PHILIP SHABECOFF
slums."
tary W. Michael Blumenthal and Energy
Special to The New York Times
The National Guard prevented Red
Secretary James R. Schlesinger. Zblg-
MAYO, Md., June 20 - The $4-billion-
fight to block construction of a huge $20
Cross ambulances from entering the dis-
niew Brzezinski, the President's national
a-year Federal program to build sewage
million plant.
trict this morning despite reports of
security adviser, stayed in Washington to
Despite their admittedly serious water
LOS
treatment plants, second in size only to
"hundreds of casualties." After the Gov-
deal with the Nicaraguan crisis but is to
the highway program in the Govern-
pollution problems, citizens' groups are
lines 1
emment radio again called on people to
fly here on Tuesday, officials said.
ment's nonmilitary construction effort,
calling for smaller, less costly solutions,
beginn
leave eight adjacent shantytowns, the
The American-Japanese talks. on
was intended to help cities and towns
not so much because they object to the
have c
bombardment was resumed this after-
energy bring together the world's two
cope with the rising flood of sewage that
federally financed plant but because of
served
noon.
largest oil importers just before the start
was polluting the nation's waters and
the massive development It would permit
and fil
The Sandinist guerrillas also sent a
tomorrow of a meeting of the Organiza-
creating public health problems.
along the now deserted bay shore.
closed
plane over the capital during the night
tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries in
and reportedly dropped supplies to guer-
Geneva. The oil producers are expected
But here on this narrow peninsula fut-
Change in Character Feared
month,
hours.
to raise oil prices sharply from the OPEC
ting into the Chesapeake Bay, as in other
The lack of adequate sewage facilities
rillas in the El Dorado district of eastern
"Alt
communities across the country, the pro-
is their first line of defense against a
level of $14.55 a barrel. [Page D1.]
oping I
Managua.
International oil prices have already
gram is meeting increasing resistance.
developer's plan to build a small city that
The guerrillas scored a major victory
peared
would double the peninsula's population
who he
last night by forcing the National Guard
surged by 33 percent this year to an aver-
Fish still slap the waters of tree girded
to abandon its barracks in Masaya, 20
age $17 a barrel, while prices in free mar-
tidal ponds and boats dredge for clams
and, opponents say, destroy its semi-
ing 10
just offshore here, but the atmosphere is
rural character.
Mike
Continued on Page A14, Column
Continued on Page A9, Column 3
charged with emotion as citizens' groups
And recently communities in places as
mobile
diverse as the Gulf Coast of Texas and
weekly
Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island, El
The
Private Relief Agencies to Lobby for Boat-People
Reno, Okla., and Manassas, Va., have
gram,
been rejecting the big centralized treat-
calme
ment plants. Some of the communities
percer
have been seeking instead less ambitious
line
By
KATHLEENTELTSCH
but effective alternatives to their,sawage
of the Vietnamese boat
problems, including goon land treat-
denied havens and turned back to
methods and 8 site septic systems
sea has evo painful memories of the
new technology,
suffering Jewish refugees from Nazi
Still other municipalities throughout
Fe
Germany and has sparked a demand by
country are behind schedule in
Jewish? and Christian gencies for im
plying with the requirements of the Clean
mediate and extensive governmental
Act 0f 1972 But the construction
grant program been grinding
Commission Indochi-
which was formed 1883
group of prominent American
will meet
planiwhat
Reference
THE NEW YORK TIMES, MONDAY, JUNE 25, 1979
Carter and Japanese Discuss Energy
Continued From Page A1
The Japanese side Is expected to
broaden the discussion to include rela-
kets at Rotterdam and elsewhere are
tions with the Middle East oil producers,
Give your gin & tonic
twice as high. These increases for crude
the Egyptian-Israell peace treaty, Mr.
Carter's plans for stability in the Middle
the same advantage you give your mart
oil are the largest since 1973.
East and the recently signed Soviet-
American officials travelling with Mr.
American treaty to limit strategic arms.
Carter said that there was no hope of
"We want to know, for example,
creating an importers' cartel to match
whether the United States is preparing
the OPEC cartel. "That sounds more
military forces which could move rapidly
melodramatic than achieveable," said
to trouble spots in the Middle East," an
one. But they also stressed the dangers of
adviser to Mr. Ohira said. He referred to
high oil prices.
reports that the new NATO military com-
The economic summit meeting this
mander, Gen. Bernard Rogers, said in
week brings together leaders of the
Washington that a force of 110,00 soldiers,
United States, Japan, West Germany,
plus marines and supporting ships and
France, Italy, Britain and Canada for the
planes, could be used to intervene in the
fifth in a series of annual meeting that
Middle East If the flow of oll to the West
began in 1975.
was threatened.
Last week the nine nations of the Euro-
Imports 99 Percent of OII
pean Community resolved to freeze oll-
Purr Panty sale
Import levels through 1985, laying down a
Security of oll supplies from the Middle
East is crucial to Japan, which Imports
challenge to the United States and Japan
BEEFEATER
to follow their example. United States im-
nearly three-quarters of its oll from the
area and Is dependent on imports for 99
ports of oll have shot up by over 40 per-
cent since 1973, and Japanese Imports
percent of the oil It uses.
Mr. Ohira also expects to discuss with
went up by 2 percent, officials said, as
Mr. Carter the Indochinese refugee prob-
compared with marked declines in West-
lem. Japan has so far allowed only three
em European imports.
Vietnamese to settle here permanently,
2. for 5.99 reg. 3.50 each
Japan Conserving on
compared with more than 200,000 refu-
Light, airy, super-smooth
Mr. Ohira, whose governing Conserva-
gees accepted by the United States since
tive Party is supported by business Inter-
the end of the Vietnam war in 1975.
panties, knit of Monsanto's
ests, Is expected to consider favorably
Japan has agreed in principle to accept
any proposal made by Mr. Carter at the
500 refugees as residents and may for the
Monvelle® nylon and spandex
first time encourage refugees who are not
London Distilled
bilateral talks on targets for oil imports.
with o cool cotton insert.
He is expected to stress that Japan is tak-
here already to come and settle In Japan.
Dry
Gin
ing -conservation measures in line with
But most refugees who have come to
Choose hipster or brief in
a March decision by the 20-nation Parts-
Japan, after being picked up at sea by
based International Energy Agency to
merchant vessels, want to go on to the
white, black, beige
cut oil consumption by 5 percent, accord-
United States or Europe.
ing to officials.
The American Ambassador, Mike
or cocoa, one size fits all.
The Japanese leader may discuss with
Mansfield, said in an Interview that the
By Magic Lady. Lingerie,
Mr. Carter a five-point Japanese pro-
two leaders would also discuss trade and
Fourth Floor, Lord & Taylor,
posal for control of imports, control of
defense problems. "Trade will, I think,
spot oll prices that have soared to close to
not play too big a part," he said, "be-
BEEFEATER The Crown Jewel of Engl:
Fifth Avenue-
$40 a barrel, emergency sharing of crude
cause through the initialing of the agree-
BELFEATER GINIMPORTED FROM ENGLAND KOBRAND.
PROOF
100%
SPIRITS
oil among consumers, development of al-
ment covering government procurement
call (212) 391-3300. And at
ternative energy sources and more dis-
we've also gotten some breathing room
cussion between oll consumers and
and can turn our attention to other sub-
all Lord & Taylor stores.
producers.
jects."
NOW YOU USE
AIRLINE'S HALF-FARE
747s
REATOPPORTUNITYTO
That's Fit to Print
VOL.CXXVIII
No.44,260
Copyright D 1979 The New York Three
NEW YORK, TUESDAY, JUNE 26, 1979
GROMYKO WARNS U.S.
U.S. and Japan
ANY CHANGES DOOM
Dubious on Idea
NUCLEAR ARMS PACT
Of an Oil Freeze
Carter and Ohira Confer
HAILS CARTER-BREZHNEV TALK
on How to Cut Imports
Foreign Minister, at a Rare News
By TERENCE SMITH
Special to The New York Times
Conference, Rules Out Return
TOKYO, June 25 - President Carter
and Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira
to the Negotiating Table
met today to prepare for a seven-nation
economic summit conference, and
American officials said they expressed
By CRAIG R. WHITNEY
serious reservations about a five-year
Special to The New York Times
freeze on oil import levels proposed by
MOSCOW, June 25 - Foreign Minister
Western European nations.
Andrel A. Gromyko warned the United
Instead, the leaders of the United
States Senate today that rejection, or
States and Japan were reported to be
even amendment, of the strategic arms
likely to propose that the major Industrial
limitation treaty signed in Vienna a week
nations reaffirm their commitment to a 5
ago would mean "the end of negotia-
percent reduction In oll Imports this year
tions." That would be "a fantastic situa-
and set a more ambitious target for 1960.
tion,' he said.
Mr. Gromyko's declaration came dur-
The head of the Organization of Pe-
ing a news conference, his second here in
troleum Exporting Countries said mod-
more than two years. The conference was
erate members might raise oll produc-
apparently intended to give publicity to
tion to keep other members from in-
Moscow's attitudes and reactions to the
creasing prices too sharply. Page DII.
June 15-18 Vienna meeting of President
Carter and Leonid I. Brezhnev, the Soviet
Subsequent targets could be reviewed an-
As waiting at the 8
Communist Party chief and head of state.
nually, a senior American official sug-
life, motorists hav
Mr. Brezhnev, who is 72 years old, tired
gested, In light of each country's needs.
day in New Jersey
visibly at the end of the meeting. He left
The talks between the two leaders,
breakfast. Alan z
for the Soviet capital that day and de-
which focused on the global energy crisis
at A.M., came P
parted from Moscow on Fridav for a rest
and the continuing flow of Indochinese
at an undisclosed site, believed to be In
refugees, came in the midst of a day of
the Crimea.
celebration and pageantry as the Presi-
dent and Mrs. Carter were welcomed and
Gromyko Replies in English
lavishly entertained by Emperor Hi-
Gen. Haig Unhurt as Car Is Target
Replying in English when asked what
rohito on their first full day in Japan.
would happen If the United States Senate
Mr. Carter and Mr. Ohira devoted
Of Bomb on Road to NA TO Office
rejected the treaty, Mr. Gromyko said:
more than half of their two hours of for-
"I tell you frankly, It is impossible to
mal talks today to the energy question
resume negotiations. It would be the end
and other issues scheduled to be on the
By JOHN VINOCUR
of negotiations, the end, no matter what
agenda of the seven-nation conference,
Special to The New York Times
amendments would be made."
which opens here Thursday. They will be
Fr
It seemed clear that Mr. Gromyko
joined at the two-day conference by the
CASTEAU, Belgium, June 25 - Gen.
chase auto were failing like rain," he
meant his warning to apply not only to
leaders of Britain, France, West Germa-
Alexander M. Haig Jr., the commander
said.
what the Soviet Union would do in the
ny, Canada and Italy, the world's leading
of North Atlantic Treaty forces, survived
The Belgian police gave no indication
event of a rejection, but also to what it
industrial democracies.
an assassination attempt on his way to
whether they had identified suspects, but
would do if the treaty were amended.
work this morning when a bomb exploded
the general said he had seen two motorcy.
Common Market's
reposal
Both Mr. Gromyko and Mr. Brezhnev
near his car, lifting it into the air and
cleriders drive away from a nearby high-
have thus categorically rejected any kind
The Idea of a five-year Treeze on oll Im-
gouging a five-foot-deep hole in the pave-
way. The police found detonator wires
or
of amendment to the treaty text, as no-
ports at the 1978 level was put forward
ment.
at out 500 feet long leading away from the
CJ
gotiated. In private, some Soviet special-
last week at a meeting of leaders of the
The blast, set off by remote control at
explosive device, which was lashed to a
a
ists on American affairs have been mak-
nine nations of the European Economic
about 8:30, damaged a security car trail-
support in a culvert, as well as a detona-
of
ing inquiries among their American
Community in Strasbourg, France. The
ing the general's limousine as he was
tor, a walkie-talkie and a construction
friends about what kinds of amendments
Europeans acknowledged there that their
being driven to his office here at Supreme
worker's protective belmet.
IV
the Senate might be likely to make, and
Idea depended for success on American
Headquarters of the Allied Powers In Eu-
General Haig said there had been sev-
some of them have indicated the Soviet
and Japanese endorsement at the sum-
rope. General Haig and three other men
eral threats against Atlantic alliance and
C
Union could accept changes that did not
mit conference here this week.
in the limousine were unhurt, but three
United States Army personnel since he
alter the essence of the-treaty. This was
But it became clear at today's talks,
security guards in the second vehicle re-
was made commander in 1974 by Presi-
a
not reflected in anything Mr. Gromyko
American participants said, that neither
celved slight injuries.
dent Ford after his service as White
d
said today.
country was prepared to accept the Com-
General Haig, who is retiring at the end
House chief of staff under President
mon Market's plan as presented.
of the month at age 54, later said at a
Nixon. "A year ago, I-had information I
Breshnev Warned of Collapee'
Mr. Ohira reportedly argued that a
news conference that he believed the ex-
was a specific target,' be said. "And
Mr. Brezimev said in Vienna that at-
five-year commitment would be exces-
plosion would have cost him his life had it
we' had some recent threats.
tempts to change the agreement could
sively rigid and would make it difficult
come a split second earlier. Re said the
Atlantic command sources said the
cause it to "collapee.
for his country, for example, to respond
blast had the force of 100 to 300 pounds of
threats had come from various groups,
Mr. Gromyko's stronger words are
TNT.
probably what the Senate majority lead-
Continued on Page D11, Column 1
"Huge pieces of the madway and the
Continued on Page A12, Column 2
or, Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia, will
hear when be arrives next week to dis-
cuss the arms treaty
The Soviet Foreign Minister declared
Malaysia Reports 13,000 Refugees Expelled
the arms treaty, which limits each
side's strate bombers and
missiles, "exceptional impor-
i
the inter-
KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia, 25
of the United States and of the
The Malaysian Government said today
be and added the
that Victnamese COS 60
limitation and
be were forced out into intern tional
waters in the last to 55,000
the number expelled this
alloca the
UPI was pollun
rent
monthly
Business Slump
Head of OPE
GENEVA, June 25 (AP) - The
"I t
president of the Organization of Petro-
celling
leum Exporting Countries said today
becaus
that the cartel's moderate members
going
might raise oil production in order to
increa
keep more radical members in line on
said.
increasing prices.
meet
don't want to threaten any of my
prices
colleagues In OPEC," said Mani Said
sched
al-Otalba, oll minister of the United
OPI
Arab Emirates, "but If they ask for
cartel
very high prices, I will restrict the
avoid
raising of my prices and maybe look
"We
into Increasing my production.
unifle
"If they don't come with us, we will
said
go our own way and be free," he added.
zuela
will not go for any sharp raises in the
OPE
price of oil."
of oll
Could Add Nickel a Gallon
Detei
Mr. Otalba suggested that he would
Bu
back a base price of $18 to $20 a barrel,
mine
an increase that could add as much as a
high
nickel to the price of a gallon of
part
gasoline or heating oil in the United
a the
States. Many experts here believe that
oil, E
OPEC would compromise at around
poss
$20.
So
United Press International
The base price of a barrel of OPEC
sugs
President Carter exchanging a toast last night with Emperor Hirohito at a state dinner In the Imperial Palace In Tokyo
oil is $14.55, but many members have
mig
tacked on surcharges during the cur-
pric
rent oil shortage. The surcharges have
office
U.S. and Japan Cool to Oil Freeze
pushed the average price of a barrel of
rest
OPEC oil to well over $17.
The United Arab Emirates is one of
OPEC's larger members and produces
Continued From Page Al
ing the need for imported oil.
also discussed the possibility of direct
about one-fifth as much oil as Saudi
Beyond these specific objections to
talks with the Vietnamese In an effort
Arabia, the cartel's leading producer
to a recession or any other economic
the European plan, American and
to persuade them either to halt the
and traditionally a moderate on the
crisis. Japan imports virtually all of
Japanese officials displayed consider-
forced exodus from their country or at
Issue of prices. As a weapon against a
the oil it uses, and about 70 percent of
able irritation today at the European
least allow the refugees to be brought
big price jump, it and OPEC's other
Japanese industry operates with oil.
tactic of preparing what one American
out in an orderly and humane fashion.
moderates, particularly Saudi Arabia,
produced energy.
described as a "precooked package"
American officials said that no spe-
can raise oil production, possibly al-
Mr. Carter concurred, American
and presenting it publicly in advance of
cific decisions had been taken, but they
leviating the world's shortage while
officials said, although he stressed a
the summit conference.
suggested that, If Hanol refused to
undermining the high prices of the
need for the seven nations that will be
The Problem of Refugees
cooperate, Japan and other countries
other producers.
represented here to agree on some sort
that currently provide "huranitarian"
Among the more radical members or
of program to hold down their aggre-
On the refugee question, the two
ald to Vietnam would be urged to
OPEC is Libya, and its oil minister,
gate oil imports. Earlier this year the
leaders agreed that all the nations
transfer those funds to the United
Erzedin All Mabruk, said today that
industrialized countries in the Interna-
assembling here this week should
Nations refugee commission instead.
the price of crude oil should be $27 a
tional Energy Agency agreed to reduce
After a night's rest at the elegant,
barrel. An Iranian official said earlier
resettle more refugees within their own
their imports of oil in 1979 by 5 percent
borders and increase their contribu-
white-walled residence of the Ameri-
that his nation would ask OPEC to set a
of anticipated demand for the year.
tions to the United Nations High
can Ambassador to Tokyo, the Carters
price at its meeting tomorrow of "over
Commission for Refugees, which has
began their busy day with an official
$20."
Mr. Carter reportedly is prepared to
commit the United States to an even
been caring for the displaced persons in
arrival ceremony at Akasaka Palace,
In addition to his proposal for a base
more severe quota of reductions for
transit camps throughout Southeastern
the state guest house modeled after the
price of $18 to $20 a barrel, OPEC's
1980, but both he and Mr. Ohira are said
Asia.
French palace at Versailles. Mr. Car-
president proposed a celling on prices
to feel that annual targets would be
There was an unconfirmed report
ter stood rigidly at attention as the
for all OPEC grades of $21 a barrel,
more meaningful and realistic than a
from Japanese sources tonight that
national anthems of the United States
about today's highest price.
five-year plan."
Japan had agreed to resettle 1,000
and Japan were played and then broke
In addition, the United States would
refugees.So far only a handful have
into a delighted laugh when a crowd of
be unwilling to accept 1978 as the base
been permitted to settle here, although
schoolchildren frantically waved small
year for a five-year commitment,
the Government previously announced
American and Japanese flags.
according to sources close to the talks.
a willingness to accept 500 refugees.
This evening the Carters sat on
That was the year that significant
either side of the 78-year-old Emperor
Dollar Falls
The United States has admitted ap-
amounts of Alaskan crude began to
proximately 200,000.
Hirohito at a flower-bedecked banquet
flow into the American market, reduc-
Mr. Carter and Mr. Ohira apparently
table in the vast, chandeliered dining
room of the Imperial Palace as a string
On Concern
ensemble played selections from "The
Sound of Music" and other Broadway
Deliveries of Oil and Gas
shows
Earlier they had toured the grounds
Over Oil
of the palace and the Melji shrine, a
parklike Shinto memorial to Emperor
To Distributors Down 4%
Meiji, grandfather of the present Em
Continued From Page DI
peror, in the heart of Tokyo.
Yesterday's long flight from Wash
renewed dollar selling. It follows
ington and the grueling schedule was
clearing up of the debts the United
Special to The New York Times
reports contending that output had
taking its toll on the first family. Mr.
States incurred in its huge dollar-
WASHINGTON, June The
dropped to 2.8 million barrels a day.
Carter appeared tired this afternoon,
support package last November and a
Energy Department reported today
For the four weeks ended June 15, the
Both his wife, Rosalynn, and daughter,
surprising - and probably temporary
that total deliveries of gasoline and oil
department reported that deliveries
Amy, came down with what was
- move surplus for the American
to distributors in the United States
into the domestic market totaled 17.5
diagnosed as a 24-hour intestinal flu.
balance of payments in the first quar-
were down 4 percent in the last four
million barrels a day, down't percent
The Illness caused Mrs. Carter to
week reporting period compared with
from the similar period a year ago. But
excuse herself from a receiving line at
don't think people understand
the level:
they were up 500,000 barreisa day from)
the luncheon at the Prime Minister's
quite why it has dropped but has
Officials said the decline should
the previous four week period.
residence, but by this evening she had
and the pressure is still (there, said
reinforce President Carter's position at
The oil industry delivered 7.1 million
recovered ficiently to attend the
one banker. But with the benefits of
the economic summit meeting in Tokyo
barrels of gasoline a day, 100,000
banquet at the Imperial Palace.
hindsight, some are finding Emany
that begins Thursday. Other industrial
from the four weeks ended June That
reasons other than oil for the renewed
nations have. asserted that consump-
meant an addition of 4:2 million gallons
slide. Among them are about fast
tion Ather United States largely
of gasoline & day, or enough to fill about
Northeast/Assured
growth in the United States money
responsible for current shorts
210,000
care.
tions that
and that the first step toward stability
requires the use of
Most Came From Gasoline Stocks
On Oilifor Homes
terest/rates) are)finally. down
and rumors that the German mark
G15
But the figures indicated that most of
same time, the report showed
that came from gasoline stocks, which
WASHINGTON 25(AP)
would,have to berevalued the
European
dropped and from in
The Government will
which AVE a rough
from
creased runse of crude oil through
steps Including possible
Over
Money Supply
refiner Crude oil stock
curbs resoline 1,4
soline became
all
almost unchan Industry execu-
If needed to
tive according to Secretary Enery
heating CII Winter
been
sald they
Ener
more
to refunery TIME
told Cont
to
analho
E
me
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 27, 1979
Security Destroys Shimoda's Plans for Greeting Carter
FIGHT
By TERENCE SMITH
asked the President about racial dis-
Yesterday, American officials said,
evidence everywhere last night. Riot
DR YOUR Times
crimination In the United States and
the President raised the Issue tactfully
policemen with helmets, shields and
SHIMODA, Japan, Wednesday, June
whether, If he were not already
with Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira,
sticks were stationed along the roads
27 - It was going to be a wonderful
married, he would marry a black
saying he appreciated the concern but
dull gray sound trucks and water
welcome.
woman. Mr. Carter acknowledged that
despaired that he had not had any
cannons moved ominously through the
The local junior high school band was
not all discrimination had been crased
contact with the Japanese public. Mr.
streets. A Coast Guard cutter was In
going to lead the Presidential motor:
and said that If he were single and in
Ohira, who had resisted earlier en-
the harbor and teams of frogmen
cade through the narrow, twisting
love with a black woman, he "would
treaties from Ambassador Mike Mans-
probed beneath the bridges and cause-
streets, a floulla of 100 yachts and
not let color interfere
field to the same effect, reportedly
way along the Presidential route.
fishing boats testooned with flags was
Although the town meeting was a
gave the order to case up.
going to anchor in the harbor and
success, the mayor and other officials
In Shimoda, however, the law was in
1877-1979: THE FRESH AIR FUND
dozens of traditional festival drums
here had made it clear eurller that the
were to provide the background for a
Government concern with security had.
drama recreating the arrival of Com-
robbed the occasion of the spontanelty
modore Matthew C. Perry and his fleet
they had hoped It would have.
Executive Swivel Chair
at this village 125 years ago.
Complaint About Security
Wood base and
That was the way It was planned by
the local townsfolk until security offi-
Yoshio Aoki, the genial, silver-haired
THE LOWEST PRICES
frame. vinyl cushions
clals arrived from Tokyo and said, in
mayor of this resort 118 miles south-
and padded
effect, forget it.
west of Tokyo, lost his patience last
ANYWHERE ARE BEHIND
arms. black
or brown
The marching band was scratched,
week and complained publicly that the
$169.88
the yachts chased from the harbor, the
national security authorities were
strangling the town.
OUR BLUE DOOR.
Matching
festival drums put in storage and the
visitor's arm
drama driven from the boards.
In addition, all 28 members of the
chair $104.88
Instead, when President Carter ar-
city council turned In their highly
rived here this morning for a "town
prized invitations to the town meeting
Colossal Closeout of Lateral Files
meeting" with the people of Shimoda,
when the police vetoed their plan to
an estimated 6,000 policemen - one for
form a receiving line outside the school
We bought a maker's entire
every five residents - were posted at
to greet the President. They gave their
1978 inventory. First
the Intersections.
tickets to pupils.
quality. brand new 36" and
Visit to First Consulate
There is no special threat to Mr.
42" laterals: take both
Standing on a stage in the gym-
Carter's safety in this peaceful village
letter and legal sizes. wide
nasium of the junior high school, Mr.
that is customarily described as the
range of colors: Compare
Carter fielded questions about his
birthplace of American-Japanese rela-
these amazing closeout
family, childhood and background.
tions. It was Commodore Perry's
prices to our low regular
in
Later he sat cross-legged at lunch in a
arrival here in April 1854 that opened
traditional Inn overlooking the sea and
Japan to American trade.
selling price!
36
42
visited a temple that served as the first
The security here, while oppressive,
Regular Price
Closeout Price
Regular Price
Closeout Price
United States consulate in Japan in the
Is a reflection of the extraordinary
2 drawer
$204.88
$159.88
$220.88
$175.88
mid-19th century. He was due to return
precautions In force in Tokyo, where
3 drawer
$219.88
$210.88
$304.88
$245.88
to Tokyo by helicopter later in the day.
Mr. Carter and the leaders'of Britain,
4 drawer
$354.88
$289.88
$404.88
$305.88
Despite the heavy security, the
West Germany, France, Italy and
5 drawer
$419.88
$360.88
$485.88
$385.88
Am
atmosphere at the town meeting was
Canada are assembling for the eco-
Small additional charge for locks.
warm and friendly. The townspeople
nomic summit meeting that begins
asked the President about his farm in
Thursday.
Phone orders accepted.
USED
Charles S. Nathan
"The ban
Georgia, the education he was provid-
Since Mr. Carter arrived in Japan on
Sunday, he has been enveloped in a
Call for free catalogue
FURNITURE
ing for his daughter, Amy, and what he
Clearance Center, Inc.
was like as a child. Either by advance
dark blue cocoon of policemen that has
212-564-1285
526 West 43rd St. Across from NY Public Library Annes
agreement or out of the keen Japanese
kept him out of the sight of most
Weekdays 9 to 4:30
11
FREE PARKING
Co.Op
sense of propriety, virtually none of the
Japanese. He has either been driven in
Major credit cards accepted.
Pnces FOB Clearance Center delivery available.
5411
questions were political.
a bullet-proof limousine or taken by
One woman caused a stir when she
helicopter from place to place.
FOUNDED
NOW YOU
siness Day
NuT127/79
L
D1
je New York Times
ens of a Gasoline Planner
U.S. Agrees
With Japan
Public
On Oil Plan
el Gaps
Amoco's Petroleum
Heavily
Distribution System
Seeking Import
Goals as Summit
LPUKAS
Meeting Nears
any ways, William
AMOCO
pical of the tens of
e who live in the
By HENRY SCOTT STOKES
nute to downtown
have had their
William Wayne Sanders,
ME.
Special LO The New York Times
"cause of the gaso-
general manager of
TOKYO, June 26 - Japan and the
N.D.
operations
before starting on a
MINN.
and planning
VT
United States have agreed to fix
his parents, Mr.
specific oll import levels for 1979 and
N.H.
its tank after seeing
1980, American officials said today.
closed.
N.Y.
President Carter and Prime Minister
commuting for 14
Masayoshi Ohira completed a two-day
-powered train and
S.D.
meeting in preparation for an eco-
WIS
nany metropolitan
MICH.,
RL
nomic summit conference involving
whose appreciation
CONN
seven nations here Thursday and
PA.
nsive mass transit
IOWA
Friday.
N.J.
Treasury Secretary W. Michael Blu-
menthal told reporters in his hotel suite
NEB.
OHIO
MD
DEL
Output
that Japan and the United States had
ILL.
W.VA
reached agreement on the need for
IND.
anders sits down at
annual oil Import targets - just in
VA.
advance of a meeting of the Organiza-
17th floor of the
Iding in downtown
KAN.
tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries
KY.
that started in Geneva later today.
to be like everyone
MO.
Japanese officials gave a slightly
nager of operations
N.C.
different version of a meeting between
the Standard Oil
) - known to most
TENN.
Mr. Blumenthal and Masumi Esaki,
Japan's Minister of International
o - he is one of the
OKLA.
S.C.
termine how much
ARK.
Trade and Industry, saying that they
oil and other oil
agreed with the Americans on oll
10 refineries will
imports but wished to confirm their
GA,
ALA.
stand with West Germany after the
Atlantic Ocean
arrival of Chancellor Helmut Schmidt
na Standard ranks
MISS.
production, it is the
here today.
plier of gasoline in
TEXAS
The Cost of Price Increases
LA.
and sells petroleum
FLA,
The thrust of American oil policy at
22,400 retail outlets,
Gulf of Mexico
the summit conference will be control
idle West, "East and
of oil prices through control of imports,
the nation's largest
ded gasoline.
Refined Products Terminals
according to American officials. "Re-
cent price increases will raise the oil
ent gasoline squeeze,
Refineries
bill paid by the Organization for
stocky, 50-year-old,
Economic Cooperation and Develop-
tive who has worked
The New York Times
Richard Faverty
ment countries in 1980 by $46 billion,"
for Amoco, is bear-
Mr. Blumenthal said today in a speech
ne anxiety and anger
tages.
the got my home phone," Mr. Sanders
the interruption of crude-oil shipments
to Japanese business leaders.
marveled.
from Iran.
He said that the oil price rise would
Mr. Sanders is a chemical engineer
"I pick my golf partners carefully,"
add 1.5 percent to inflation in the
Answers
who joined Indiana Standard in 1954
Mr. Sanders said in an interview In his
industrial countries belonging to the
shortly after earning a Ph.D. from
office. He has discovered that as soon
O.E.C.D. and would cut growth by 1
he gets calls from
Pennsylvania State University. In his
as a golf partner finds out what his job
percent. The end result surely will be
cials pressing for an
current job he says he feels trapped
Is, all the golfer wants to talk about is
a serious loss of jobs worldwide in
y their states; do not
between an increasingly hostile public
the "real" story behind the shortages.
the; industrial countries and more
oline. By now he is
and an uncertain future regarding oil
As Mr. Sanders sees it, the "real"
tragically, in the developing world,' he
king to governors and
story is what the oil companies have
said.
supplies. It is predicament that a
1st two weeks, he has
man of precise ways (he keeps a pocket
been saying.
The Japanese Government, host for
) Washington to meet
calculator handy to make quick compu-
For example, be relterated Amoco
the first economic summit meeting in
al committees and
tations) finds difficult to cope with
was heavily dependent on Iran for
Asia of industrial nations' leaders; is
partment of Energy.
Not even his own children Patri-
crude supplies, - drawing about 15 per-
seeking to avoid a confrontation be
eek, he) recalled, an
cla, 22, Lynn, and Steven,15 fully
cent of its total crude from the nation.
tween the United States and Japan
(cial called wite,
believe his: explanation that the gas
Last year, the daily Input of crude
one side and Western Europe on the
don't know how
shortage is real, caused in good part by
Continued on Page D3
other. Last week trasbours
-
France, leaders For countries in the
European Economic Community or
Common Market, called for a five year
freeze on oil imports at the 1978 set
Dhira meetis
Rises Setin Gasoline Deliveries
place seasideville
here, The meeting consisted
Continued o
month. Mobil, the country. second
This loosening UP (weeks to
ON
largest oil company after the Exxon
filter down through the distribution
Corporation sold customers 80 percent,
system. Vincent Sgron editoriof
what they used year ago:
the OIL Buyers' Guide of Lakewood,
Atlantic Richfield Ashland Oll and
Net "But eventually gasoline
Grice also plan to deliver more
I.B.M. Fails
not be nt lanow.
month. allocations
The situation:is not uniform, how
from
ever And the Continental OU mpany
percent.
To Orash
very
me
TOTL DOB
from persentin
my Continental min Increased
D12
L+
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 27. 1979
U.S. and Japan Agree
Hi
On Limiting Oil Imports
Me
Continued From Page DI
through these discussions, the French
WASI
mainly of an account by the President
and the Canadians as well." He said:
Supreme
of the recent Vienna summit confer-
"It's got to be specific and will be
tional ch
ence and the American-Soviet arms
specific and will be 11 strong signal to
had bee
control treaty, with a passing reference
the OPEC countries that we mean
today Γ
to the issue of refugees from Indochina.
business.
found th
"One of the difficulties to be resolved
Mr. Blumenthal followed up an
At the
here will be that of finding a meaning-
earlier meeting between Mr. Esaki and
member
ful, strong set of numbers with a
Energy Secretary James R. Schles-
address
common denominator that neverthe-
Inger with detailed staff discussions on
viewed
less takes account of the different
oil import and consumption levels in
plainly
conditions that the countries face.'
preparation for a seven-nation agree-
suggest
Mr. Blumenthal compared the situa-
ment later this week.
likely 1
tion of Japan, which derives "a very
Besides the United States and Japan,
unconst
high percentage" of its energy supplies
the countries to be represented at the
case an
from imported oil - more than 70
summit conference here are France,
question
percent - with that of other countries
Italy, West Germany, Britain and
majorit
that are much less dependent on
Canada. They face the common task of
Imports and can agree more easily to
At is
restraining oil imports in an effort to
restrictions.
Great
halt the advance of crude oil prices, up
were 1
38 percent already this year, not
How Proposals Are Different
Acts" &
counting any further increases to be
corport
imposed at the OPEC meeting being
The American blueprint for a sum-
held in Geneva, according to Mr.
mit agreement on energy differs from
Federa
that of the Common Market, which
Blumenthal.
The
OPEC is expected to raise the official
urges commitment to a global limit on
amend
oil imports and not to individual
posted price sharply from the current
Act of 1
level of $14.55 a barrel. But actual
country limits that would be more
restrictive.
any pa
prices are already roughly $18 a barrel
would
because of surcharges imposed earlier
The Strasbourg proposal to freeze
Imports up to 1985 could be relatively
5 perc
this year by most of OPEC's members.
easy for the Europeans to achieve as
requir
Country-by-Country Targets
source
more North Sea oil becomes available
The American approach here is to
to them, whereas a Japanese commit-
acquis
promote country-by-country targets
ment to hold oil imports at a given level
The
for oil imports that might provide
could restrict Japan's economic
Federa
aggregate savings of up to 2 million
growth.
United Press International
from it
barrels a day, compared with esti-
Another difference between the
takeov
mated world demand this year of about
American and European ideas is this:
Rosalynn Carter and her daughter, Amy, sat among schoolchildren In the
by the
51 million barrels a day.
Mr. Blumenthal favors commitments
audience as President Carter addressed "town meeting" in Shimoda, Japan.
tion,
"If we got 2 million barrels a day cut
on imports only up to the end of 1980
trolled
off, that would take a lot of pressure off
with "periodic reviews" of annual
shares
the oil market," an American official
targets afterward, He contends that a
commitments by the 20 oil-consuming
Blumenthal said, referring to the joint
ny, a
said.
long-term program running to the mid-
members of the International Energy
statement that the seven nations are
silver-
Mr. Blumenthal, referring to Ameri-
1980's would be difficult to implement.
Agency in Paris to hold imports at 5
due to issue on Friday.
Gre
can plans for national import limits,
"The main purpose for 1979 is to
percent below planned levels.
"There will be a mechanism of
cials
said, "The thinking is running in the
make sure that the 5 percent [target] Is
More Specific Levels Urged
control," he said - a system of
Texas
same direction between ourselves and
made very specific for each country,"
monitoring oil Imports by each country
the Japanese and, as far as we can tell
said Mr. Blumenthal in speaking of
"Until now It was in terms of 5
so that defaults would be at once
place
inters
percent from what it would otherwise
obvious.
Distri
have been,' he sald. "It's necessary to
The Treasury Secretary declared:
State:
sharpen that up in terms of making it
"We mean business as to our serious
Circu
more specific - not as 5 percent from
resolve to take specific, concrete meas-
Grain-Pricing
down
Trading in
some theoretical level that would
ures to conserve petroleum and- to
otherwise have been reached but
reduce the use of petroleum as much as
Th
Suit Dismissed
rather in terms of actual barrels.
possible in the short run.
by
Stock Options
"The 1980 goal should be specific,
'While the rhetoric of some of them
Stevi
country by country, and it may well be
may at times make you wonder, most
been
OKLAHOMA CITY, June 26 (AP) -
tougher.
of the OPEC countries are well aware
Idah
A Federal judge here has dismissed a
TUESDAY, JUNE 26, 1979
There might be an annex [to the
of the fact that their fate is tied in with
shou
$330 million lawsuit that alleged that
summit communiqué] which would
the fate of their customers. In the final
juris
several major United States grain ex-
Continued From Page D8
actually list the numbers of barrels
analysis none of them want to act
majo
port concerns manipulated wheat
that countries expect to import, Mr.
irresponsibly."
Unit
prices in 1972 by suppressing news of a
pending grain sale to the Soviet Union.
Pacific
United States District Judge Fred A,
Daugherty dismissed the suit yester-
Jul
N.Y.
day by ruling that the 43,000 Oklahoma,
Option & Price
Vol. Last
Vol.Last
Vol.
Last
Close
Texas and New Mexico farmers in-
Lev
P
185
in
35
244
3th
volved could not claim "class-action
Lev
MAPCO
treatment". because of a 1977 Supreme
MAPCO
Sambos
Court ruling that only those directly in-
San
San
volved with a sale could file a class-ac-
San
from
lion antitrust lawsult.
San
Only about 366 of the farmers would
San
quality under those terms and Judge
Teldy
Daugherty ruled that they could file in:
Teldyn
Teloyn
dividual suits, The judge ruled that the
rest of the farmers sold their wheat
indirectly to the compailes through
cooperatives.
Option
The farmers had alleged that the
United States Department of Agricul
>
ture and the companies cooperated
with each/other/so that farmers sold
their wheat $1:30 a bushel when the
Soviet Union was paying about $1,65 a
bushel."
three or awsults were consoli-
dated into a single case in 1973 naming
as defends the Continental, Grain
Company, the Louis Drey-
just Cook
the Garnac Grain Company
Bunge Corporation
THE ROLLING BALL PEN FROM
Canadian Pacific
Unit Blans Offering
SPLIT PRICE ON C
EXPECTED BY 0
SAUDIS SEEK $1
Hard-Line Nations Deman
- Meeting to Resume
on Issue of Surchar
By YOUSSEF M. IBRA
Sgam tal to The New York Time
GENEVA, June 27 - Mem
Organization of Petroleum
Countries reached " consen:
that there will be B split oil pri
markets, then adjourned the
for the night.
Associated Press
While the precise figures
Among heads of government at the economic summit meeting In Tokyo were:
prices have not yet been se
President Carter and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain, above,
members of the group, 100 lu
Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira of Japan and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of
and Iran, have proposed a prior
West Germany, below, and President Valery Giscard d' Estaing of France.
about $23.50 a barrel for crude
ing surcharges, but Saudi Ar:
ing out for about $5 a barrel le
The effective current price
The higher prices would ad
cents a gallon to the price of I
heating oil in the United State
As they emerged from a lat
cus without any formal agr
oil ministers of the 13-natio
peared headed for a period
pricing. Their meeting here,
yesterday, was extended a
tomorrow. Diplomats close
suggested that the parley mi
without any unahimous accc
Izing prices.
Far Higher Than Antic
The oll minister of Liby:
Mabruk, told reporters gat
Intercontinental Hotel here
price celling for member:
SYRIANS AND ISRAELIS
Industrial Nations Shaping Accord
Saudi Arabia might be as hl
barrel, a figure that would
increase far higher than
On Oil-Import Cuts at Tokyo Talks
most observers here.
CLASH IN AIR BATTLE
The benchmark price for
oil has been $14.55 a barrel
By FLORA LEWIS
although surcharges by V
Special to The New York Tupes
bers have pushed the a
5 Arab MIG's Reported Shot Down
TOKYO, Thursday, June 28 - Despite
supplies would result In grave economic
closer to $18. Pre-meeting
Intercepting a Strike in South
a sharp dispute over details, the outlines
dislocations around the world.
had suggested that OPF
White House officials said today that
might set a price around
of a compromise on cutting overall oll Im-
Mr. Carter would forgo a holiday trip to
Agreement apparently for
ports by major industrial nations ap-
Special to The New York Times
Hawaii to return to Washington Sunday to
how to incorporate the
peared to be taking shape today as lead-
BEIRUT, Lebanon, June 27 - Syrian
ers of seven countries opened their eco-
confer with Congressional leaders on
charges.
fighter planes clashed today with Israeli
nomic summit meeting at the elaborate,
energy problems. He is to leave for a visit'
"The new celling is bet
jets that were striking at Palestinian
Western-style Akasaka Palace.
to South Korea tomorrow night.
$23.50," the Libyan oll ml
Other delegates said this pc
positions in southern Lebanon, and Israel
Senior delegates said the problem was
At the opening of the session, Rokusuke
support of most represent
said its pilots had shot down at least five
to work out details for a firm, convincing
Tanaka, Japan's chief cabinet secretary;
Syrian aircraft.
formula that would demonstrate that the
meeting.
said the general world economic situation
Saudi Arabia's oil ml
Israell military leaders said that all
world's biggest trading countries are
would be the subject of this morning's
Ahmed Zaki Yamani, ins
their planes had returned safely from the
jointly working to reduce demand for oil
discussion. International energy prob-
mission, which involved the first air com-
and therefore stabilize what has become
lems would be taken up this afternoon, he
Continued on Page D15
bat with Syrian jets in five years. Syria
a chaotic market.
added. The subject of Indochinese refu-
conceded that it had lost four planes, and
Arguments centered on how the United
gees has also emerged as a'major topic at
More fuel trickled into I
a military spokesman in Damascus as-
States, Japan, Britain, West Germany,
the gathering. [Page A5.]
metropolitan area. New
serted that Syrian pllots had shot down
France, Italy and Canada would fix com-
mitments to hold down their demand for
Top United States officials here, as well
minimum-sale rules. Page
two Israell aircraft.
[IneWashington," the State Depart-
as leaders of other governments, are
Pennsylvania and Dela
energy in coming years.
pressing President Carter to let Ameri-
odd-even gasoline sales I
ment expressed. concern over the
No Information Until Session Ends
ca's domestic oll prices rise faster and to
the growing fuel shortage.
Syrian-Israeli air battles, and called on
Senior United States officials said late
end Federal allocation programs as part
The nation's refineries
both countries to exercise "maximum
1st night that they were continuing to ex.
to have increased outpu
restraint." The department said Is-
change figures and details on each na-
Continued on Page D15, Column 1
heating oil and diesel fuel.
rael's use of-American planes over
Lebanon has been of serious concern
tion's economic performance and pros-
to us and to members of Congress.
pects in an effort. to work out a firm
Israel said its planes were attacking
statistical proposal. The leaders agreed
guerrilla bases and concentrations near
to black out information on the progress
Damur and Sidon and just north of Tyre
of their talks until today's session ends,
when several formations of Syrian MIG-
However, senior delegates said there
21's challenged them.
was basic agreement on the goals and a
communique broadcast over the Da.
clear determination that what has been
mascus radio said the air battles erupted
dubbed the Tokyo energy summit"
must succeed. Otherwise, fearedse
Continued on Page All, Column4
continued scramble for scaree petroleum
City's Rent Guidelines Board Votes
Rise Up 20% Stabilized Units
Into more gasoline and heating oil.
the beginning of the year. gasoline
Another encouraging sign on the
inventories had been as much as 30
barrels a week to meet that goal.
nations gathered
opening tomorrov
summit conference
how to cope with r
Oil Accord Shaped at Tokyo
consumption and li
For the Ameri
price of gasoline a
itally exceed the
could result from (
Continued From Page AI
Pattern May Be a
of the effort to ease the demand
For one thing. t
problem. They argued that this would
French Criticism Irks Carter
that OPEC men
be the most effective way both to
crude oll productic
reduce costly imports and to smooth
worldwide shorta
out domestic supplies of various
Special to The New York Times
official said today that Mr. Giscard
shippers, traders
products. For example, one senior
TOKYO. June 27 - President
Estaing was "flatly wrong: he
tors, dealers and
United States official argued, & price
should study his dossiers.
the oil line from
Carter has become angry with what
rise of 20 to 30 cents a gallon for
"This is the second time this has
Is considered European sniping at
may continue th
gasoline would probably be enough to
America's energy policies, accord.
happened Giscard saying uncom-
increasing their pr
straighten out market problems in that
ing to United States officials.
plimentary things about our policy
In addition, th
fuel. Such an increase, Involving a
- and the second time the French
crude oil sold und
The Issue boiled over on the eve of
lifting of price controls on gasoline,
have said the remarks were taken
controls is now ri
the economic summit conference
would not require new legislation but
out of context or misquoted," said
because of the Ca:
after an interview with President
would be subject to Congressional veto.
Valery Giscard Estaing of
another high American official.
recent decision
Elimination of such controls, however,
France appeared in an Issue of
"Frankly, it's all beginning to wear
controls.
at a time of already rapidly rising
a little thin."
One United Sta
Newsweek magazine distributed
prices, is politically unpalatable.
here yesterday.
Treasury Secretary W. Michael
dominated this n
Congress is now considering the
Asked about American efforts at
Blumenthal (in a speech to Japa-
cussion was an a
Carter Administration's plan to end
reducing oil consumption, the
nese businessmen yesterday) and
against the cartel
Federal price controls on oil, parts of
French President said in the inter-
Energy Secretary James R. Schles-
International As
which went into effect June 1, and on
view, "They haven't started." In
Inger (In a news conference with
ists and Aerosp
the tax on resulting "windfall" profits.
Japanese reporters today) declared
Venezuela's oil
discussing fuel conservation, which
On allocations and other controls, the
he called "essential for the future of
that oil consumption In the United
situation is perhaps even more compli-
our economies and also - it must
States has risen only 7.5 percent
cated. Over all. under a so-called
OPEC's Rol
be said - for the cohesion of the
since 1973. Because of a decline In
2
"entitlements" program, oil compa-
West," he said conservation efforts
domestic oil production, however,
Total World C
nies make payments among them-
"are not our problem - they are
American imports of oil have
selves designed to even out their costs
Production, 1
the problem of the American politi-
soared - by one-third, according to
of crude - which are higher If supplies
46.2 million b
cal authorities.'
Mr. Schlesinger, and by 43 percent,
are imported at world prices than If
In responding to the published
according to the Europeans - over
supplies come from the regulated
Interview, one high United States
the same period.
United States sources. In specific
areas, other regulations pertain. For
example, allocations of gasoline to
filling stations are set on a monthly
no serious effort to reduce domestic oll
basis by refining companies, subject to
with specific figures on barrels per
Washington regulations. The Govern-
consumption In the last two years.
year.
ment requires certain amounts of the
Japan, noting that It has been urged
The American irritation at what was
fuel to be set aside for emergencies,
to speed its economic growth so as to
considered sniping from Europeans did
agricultural use, military operations
absorb more imports from Europe and
1978 PI
not, however, dilute official recognition
and discretionary uses by states.
the United States, argues that It has to
that long-held expectations of cheap
Millions
American sources said in Tokyo that
buy more oil If it is to achieve that goal.
energy prices were basic to supply
The United States argues that coun-
Saudi
President Carter was particularly
problems in the United States now.
angry on the eve of the summit
tries with strong currencles - specifi-
Arabia
Energy Secretary James R. Schles-
cally. West Germany - would be
conference because of European com-
Kuwait
plaints that the United States had made
Inger was asked by a West German
allowed to expand by buying North Sea
reporter If the United States would let
oil from Britain. Such a deal would be
Iran
gasoline rise to European price levels,
within the Common Market, so the oil
now $2 a gallon or more. Referring to
would not count as imported oil under
Iraq
gasoline lines at United States filling
the Strasbourg formula, but American
United Arab
Exxon Output 85%
stations, Mr. Schlesinger answered:
purchases of oil from Canada and
Emirates
"Gas queues are a consequence of
Mexico would.
Libya
Of June Capacity
prices, intensified by the system of
The United States also challenges the
allocations. Any system based on past
use of 1978 as the base year, because
Nigeria
performance will result in misalloca-
American imports dropped that year
Venezuela
tion because of demand shifts. There
as Alaskan oll became available. The
HOUSTON, June 27 (UPI) The
would be no lines if there were no price
United States wants to substitute its
Indonesia
Exxon Company USA, the distribu-
and allocation controls.
year of maximum imports, which was
tion arm of the Exxon Corporation,
Public attention on preparations for
1977.
Algeria
reported today that its refinery pro-
the two-day summit conference fo-
Further, the United States chal-
duction in June averaged 1.35 mil-
Qater
10.
cused on the differences among the
lenges the wisdom of five-year
lion barrels daily, or about 85 per-
United States, Japan and the countries
commitment because of uncertainties
Gabon
cent of capacity.
of Western Europe about how to impose
over that long a period, and It wants
Exxon had reported refinery pro-
constraints on import demands.
firm barrel-per-year figures for the
Ecuador
0
duction of 1.32 million barrels daily
Both U.S. and Japan Object
rest of 1979 and 1980 for each country
in May, and production in June 1978
with possibly vaguer targets up to 1985,
averaging 1.42 million barrels a
The Europeans, who arrived yester-
subject to regular review,
E
day.
day and went into a busy schedule of
A spokesman said the company's
private talks with Prime Minister
Inflammable Device' Found
Inventories of crude, including oil in
Masayoshi Ohira of Japan, President
transit to the United States from
Carter and other, brought a joint
TOKYO, Thursday, June 28 (UPI)
overseas, totaled 49 million barrels
statement from the Common Market
The police said they found an 'inflam-
Wat
as of June 22. The figure for late
leaders who met last week; calling for a
mable device" early today on the 18th
June 1978 was 52.8 million barrels.
freeze on oil imports at the 1978 level
floor of the New Otani) hotel complex,
Gasoline, stocks as of June 22
until 1985, provided the United States
where the heads of state of West
were 19.5 million barrels, slightly
and Japan do the same:
Germany, Canada, Italy and Britain
By JUI
higher than the 18 million on hand
are staying. They declined to give
For different reasons, both the
in June 1978, the company said.
details, but said they, believed the
United States and Japan have objected
device, was planted by radicalileftists
to this strategy Instead, they urge B
who) have been vowing to disrupt the
WASHINGT(
country by country quota imports,
summit meeting?
Arabia has be
problems to lo
maximum amc
on a sustained
a day. & accordir
and United
Seepage, of
at Saudiy
world's third
from'10 million
OF v.offic
level in
beyind as rule zone from New York
NEW YORK, FRIDAY, JUNE 29, 1979
20 CENTS
Times
Higher in au delivery OTHER
OPEC INCREASING OIL PRICE 16%,
MAKING TOTAL FOR YEAR 50%;
CARTER OFFERS IMPORT LIMITS
SUMMIT IN AN ACCORD
PRESIDENT IS ANGERED
Questions of Conservation
He Charges 'Extraordinary'
and Spending Resolved
Rise Will Lead to Wide
Details Given
Suffering in World
The New York Times Teresa Labala and D. Gerton
e, from left, Patrick J. Cunningham; Dominic J.
anello, state party chairman; Deputy Mayor Peter J.
By FLORA LEWIS
By YOUSSEF M. IBRAHIM
mon, standing; Don Fowler, head of site committee.
Special to The New York Times
Special to The New York Times
TOKYO, Friday, June 29 - President
GENEVA, June 28 - The Organization
Carter told the leaders of six other major
of Petroleum Exporting Countries agreed
industrial nations last night that the
today to raise the average price of oil 16
United States was prepared to set a
percent. Under a complicated formula,
specific limit on American imports of oil
prices will range from a minimum of $18
United Press International
and oil products in 1980 as well as setting
to a maximum of $23.50 a barrel.
longer-range goals for limiting imports,
Mani Said al-Otalba, OPEC's presi-
The agreement was reached at the end
and this morning the seven agreed on a
dent, after meeting yesterday.
of a difficult and strained three-day
program for dealing with the world
meeting of the 13 OPEC member coun-
energy crisis.
tries.
No details of the accord were released,
Police to Assure
The increase, following the leapfrog.
but it was expected that they would be
ging surcharges added by OPEC mem-
forthcoming later In the day when a
Gas Is Pumped
bers recently, makes the aggregate price
formal "Tokyo declaration" is to be
rise about 50 percent since Jan. 1. This is
issued.
expected to shave economic growth in the
The accord came as the seven nations,
This Weekend
industrial nations, abet accelerating
in the second day of their annual eco-
inflation and perhaps upset the currency
nomic summit meeting yesterday. strug-
markets. The impact is expected to be
gled to find a compromise, essentially
less in the United States than In other
between conflicting American and West
By PRANAY B. GUPTE
Industrialized countries because the
German positions.
Under a widened program of enforce-
United States obtains roughly half its oil
Monitoring Systems Discussed
ment announced yesterday by Mayor
from domestic sources.
Top aides of the seven leaders wrestled
Koch, the New York City police will assist
Saudi Output Is Largest
Fearful for Re-election
until 3 A.M. this morning on detailed
local and state agencies in enforcing
Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United
mutual pledges for holding down oil
Governor Carey's directive that large
Arab Emirates announced that they
imports and methods for monitoring their
gasoline stations stay open this weekend.
would charge the lower price, $18 a
Fails to Tame Gas Crisis
implementation. Finally, they produced
At the same time, Mr. Koch said that
barrel. Because Saudi Arabia is by far
a document for consideration by govern-
inspectors from the city's Department of
the largest OPEC producer, the new
ment leaders in which two important
Consumer Affairs were stepping up their
By HEDRICK SMITH
questions still remained open, according
monitoring of sharply rising prices at
OPEC communiqué is on page D4.
to, an American spokesman, questions
Special to The New Yerk Times
many of the 1,200 gas stations in the city:
that now have been resolved, although In
average price of OPEC oil will be about
The agency's head, Commissioner Bruce
3 A political
after a stormy encounter over gasoline
$20 a barrel, compared with the present
unspecified manner.
C: Ratner, conceded that Federal price
ver. the nation's
shortages and long gasoline lines yester-
The news that the Organization of
average of between $17.50 and $18,7
regulations were difficult tor enforce
some Adminis-
day between high Administration offi-
Petroleum Exporting Countries had set a
according to petroleum specialists.
because they, were complex and varied
prove fatal's to
clais, Including Vice President Mondale,
Ine Washington, the price increases
from pump to pump. Later he said: "It
ction prospects
and the New York Congressional delega-
The House passed a "windfall"
dismayed Administration and private
looks like the majority of stations in the
can effectively
tion.
profits tax bill more favorable to the oil
economists who predicted that the rises
is summer, and
Politically, we're taking an awful lot
city are exceeding their Federal price
industry than an earlier one: Page Dia
would bring more inflation and less
of heat, conceded John C. White, the
cellings. It has become a serious situa-
ating fuel next
economic growth. A sharp drop in the
Democratic Party's national chairman.
two-tier price system, with per-barrel
tion.
consumer's purchasing power. was also
"There's enough steam building up in
costs; ranging from $18 to $23.50, was
In addition to the worsening gasoline-
forecast, with a rise of 5 cents a gallon for
timates of Mr.
Congress where maybe we'll get an
received here last night while the govern-
supply situation, rising fuel-oil prices are
oil products. Purchases of automobiles,
spawned crisis
energy program out of it, maybe we'll get;
ment heads were banqueting as guests of
almost certain to lead to large increases
houses and other costly jitems were
in the words of
standby rationing though, of course, that
the Japanese Emperor in the Pearl Room
in rent and maintenance charges for
expected to be hardest hit. (Page D4.]
stating for the
in itself won't solve the problem.'
of his palace,
residents of virtually every type of
hances, in the
'Billions of Dollars' Asked
Another high Administration official,
The OPEC action, which drew an angry
dwelling in the New York City area.
long staunch defender of Mr. Carter
reaction from President, Carter wthis
[Page A14.]
In Tokyo, where he is attending the
the President
and of his capacity to recover politically,
morning, confirmed their sense of ur
In Trenton, Governor Byrne of New
economic summit meeting, President
kend from the
sald," The American people are mad -
gency about establishing as common
Jersey announced that a strike that had
Carter angrily denounced the OPEC rise,
dy to exploit the
hot summer mad This official more
consumers' stand to restrain world de-
been threatened by retailers for Sunday
saying it would bring worldwide suffer-
ush through new
Ing. He called on Congress to approve the
ate the leader-
Continued on Page A13, Column H
Continued on Page D6, Column 2
Continued on Page A14, Column3
expenditure of "billions of dollars" to
king.
develop alternative energy supplies with
last
the goal of making the United States self-
low,
sufficient inenergy.
chard Nixon
Mr Carter
office/in1974
Ing to reporters in the
of Ambessador
400 must the OPEC
accounting
profession
lice itself, advised today against legis-
lation that would expand Federal
information. Also, the compa
regulation over auditing firms.
make sure its workers compl
The commission presented its recom-
court order.
mendation In a two-volume report to
The companies involved
Congress on the profession's 21-month-
Alton Box Board Company,
old self-regulation program. The
the American Can Compar
S.E.C. came to the same conclusion
wich, Conn.; the Brown Com
last year.
adena, Calif.; the Burd &
Attempts to increase Federal control
Company, Kansas City, Mo.
over the accounting profession had
Burt Company, Buffalo: the
been fueled by disclosures in the mid-
International Corporation,
1970's that corporations had made, and
Conn.; the Consolidated
auditors had failed to detect, millions
Corporation and the Contal
of dollars in bribes and questionable
ration of America, both of CI
payments overseas. Recently, how-
Diamond International C
ever, Congressional interest has waned
New York City: EastTex
as antipathy toward Government regu-
United Press International
Inc., Silsbee, Tex.: the Fed
lation in general has gained momen-
tum on Capitol Hill, and there is
W. Michael Blumenthal, right, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, speaking with Chancellor Helmut Schmldt of West Ger-
Board Company, Montvale,
Also, the Fiberboard C
currently no legislation pending to
many yesterday In Tokyo before the opening of the seven-nation economic summit meeting.
San Francisco: the A.L. G
expand control over the profession.
pany. Cleveland; the Hoerr
Areas of Concern Cited
U.S. Prepared to Set Oil-Import Limits
Corporation, St. Paul: "
tional Paper Company, New
Harold M. Williams, chairman of the
the Interstate Folding Box
S.E.C., concluded In a cover letter that
Middletown, Ohio; the Me:
the commission remained "uncon-
tion, Dayton, Ohio: the Pac
vinced that comprehensive direct gov.
Continued From Page A1
and West Germany, with other dele-
Increase their supplies by buying more
poration of America, Eva
emmental regulation of accounting or
gates taking Intermediate positions as
North Sea oil from Britain, a com-
mand for oil and stabilize the market.
the Potlatch Corporation, S
accountants would afford the public
Mr. Carter caused some confusion this
each country sought what it considered
munity member.
co; the Rexham Corpore
either increased protection or a more
the most advantageous base for apply-
On the second major question, the
morning by suggesting that gasoline
lotte, N.C.; the St. Regis Pa
meaningful basis for confidence in the
ing the new constraints with minimum
United States was said to be demand-
ny, New York City, and the
work of public accountants."
supplies In the United States could reach
pain for Its own economy.
Ing a firmly stated policy on technologi-
user Company, Tacoma, W
However, he cited several areas of
97 percent of last year's shipments. But
The questions left open in the docu-
cal investment, asking that the great
concern about the self-policing project,
in a "clarifying" statement shortly
ment given the delegates today, and
bulk of spending be done in individual
including tack of access by the S.E.C.
after the President's appraisal, his
now according to spokesmen resolved,
countries, with some sort of mech-
staff to the work sheets of peer review
press secretary, Jody Powell, said It
concerned individual country committ-
anism for reviewing efforts and the
committees and firms' ability. to ex-
would be "more correct to speak of a 95
ments to conservation and goals on
possibility of international cooperation
Financia
clude certain kinds of work, such as
percent to 97 percent range.' That
investment in alternate energy tech-
and funding.
cases in litigation, from peer review.
estimate, he said, assumes that sup-
nology.
As of early this morning, no decision
The commission also said that firm
plies of home heating oil are not
The United States, an Administration
had been made on whether the United
membership was Insufficient In the
endangered, that oil companies draw:
official said, was seeking import limits
States, Japan and Canada would seek
for each country this year and in 1980,
to Implement the call for a "dialogue"
Some T
American Institute of Certified Public
down crude stocks a requested by the
Accountant's S.E.C. Practice Section,
Administration and that crude oil
but It was also prepared to set goals for
with OPEC by Joining in a meeting set
a key element in the self-regulation.
imports remain at the current 6.2
1985 on a country-by-country basis.
with Saudi Arabia's oil minister, Sheik
Wallace E: Olsen, president of the
million barrel a day level a level he
Earlier, the United States wanted to
Ahmed Zaki Yamani, and Common
Continued From Pai
institute, which represents the profes-
termed consistent with the President's
focus only on the short-term situation,
Market representatives in London on
sion, said that It was taking steps to
import-cutting pledges.
June 30.
able to show good profits.
leaving the longer range for future
expand membership by lowering costs
At 95 percent, gasoline supplies
But the seven seemed to be moving
The stark truth came
review.
of association.
would be roughly in line with earlier
toward the view that they should
depressing clarity one (
predictions by both the Administration
West Germany was holding to the
coordinate their dealings with OPEC in
when, two months behin
and the oll Industry, although supplies
decision adopted at its insistence by the
place of their often highly competitive
ments, dodging the lien-h
in recent weeks have fallen somewhat
European Economic Community in
relations in the past.
repossession of his truc)
short of that figure.
Strasbourg, France, last week for
Officials said the leaders were deter-
$3,300 In credit-card cha
London
The participants at this week's sum-
communitywide, rather than national,
mined not to let Tokyo be what the
he had to borrow $80 fron
mit, in addition to President Carter,
limits, German sources said.
Japanese called "a Yamaguki - yel-
10 buy food for his family.
are Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of
American officials argued that under
low rose-Summit, with no fruit, much
Now what he has to
Bank Bids
West Germany, President Valery Gis-
such a system the West Germans could
shadow and little substance."
years' work, Mr. Burkle
He is down to the one tra
card d'Estaing of France, Prime
sale and that, he said, h
Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain,
Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti of
weak and an engine blo
For Heller
Italy, Prime Minister Joe Clark of
overhauls, too tired for
Canada and Prime Minister Masayoshi
Oil Tax Bill Toned Down
country hauls. He turr
Ohira of Japan, who was host for the
tractor-trailer rigs over
"far nothing" and has
Continued From Page D1
meeting.
Given the stress on oil conservation,
Continued From Page DI
The Jones-Moore measure that won
his trailers for living ex
its New York branch. Similarly, the
approval made the following changes
To make matters W
there was Ironic comment on the fact
Deutsche Bank, the largest bank in
that it took 124 limousines and 100
Committee, said: "We have a bill that
$30,000 more on his h
in the tax:
West Germany and also a shareholder
motorcycles to bring the seven nations'
we can take home, something that we
9Reduced the tax rate on oil profits
creasing the mortgag
in European "officially"
delegates and their aldes to the confer-
can be proud of.
business debts.
opened several weeks ago a branch
ence hall in the ornate Akasaka Palace.
resulting from price decontrol from 70
West 57th Street in Manhattan
Members begin a 10-day holiday
to percent
Engine Repair: $5,500
The American delegation used more
At the end of 1978, Midland had total
recess tomorrow, and many of them
9Reduced the tax for marginal wells,
His was a story, Mr.
cars than any of the others.
assets of $31 billion and a net income of
At the opening session yesterday,
were eager to be able to report to their
those with relatively low production.
rising costs and expens
$237 million. Heller's n Income was
constituents that the House had taken
President Carter told the summit
9Phased out the last vestiges of the
including one last Ja
$34.9 million.
meeting that "the eyes of the world are
some constructive action on the energy
tax in 1990
where the engine blev
crisis
The takeover is subject to approval
focused" on Tokyo and that "bold,
9Applied the tax rate for newly
time and the repair cost
by the directors and shareholders of
specific and substantive" commit-
The bill approved by the House was
discovered oll to "tertiary oil
Mr. Calley's experier
the respective companies and by regu-
ments were needed. The meeting Is
one of two cleared for possible floor
residues extracted from existing wells
with new equipment, a;
latory authorities in the United States
scheduled to end this afternoon, with
action by the House Rules Committee
by expensive techniques thus lower-
common, and he CE
and Britain.
all parties trying to agree on a joint
earlier, this week: The other, which
ing the burden on such production.
yearning the months I
Some observers believe that Ameri-
declaration of specific import obliga-
would have inreased the tax on already
The last change was regarded as
was clearing about $1,
can authorities might request Midland
tions
discovered oil by about $2 billion, was
particularly significant because the
"making a good living.
to divest some of its operations in this
According to top officials here, the
defeated, 241 to 172.
complicated provision for taxing newly
Mr. Calley, 29 yea
country One such activity might be
President had offered an import limit
The Senate Finance Committee
discovered oil may actually result in
trucking in=1972 with
Thomas Cook & Sons, its travel agency
of 8.5 million barrels a day in 1980 and
under the leadership of Senator Russell
exempting all such production in the
but, he sald: "I made
subsidiary. With certain exceptions,
added that be was prepared to set goals
B. Long of Louisiana, usually moder
future
better with that than
American banks are not allowed to
for as far ahead as 1985. Imports
ates any tax burden that the House has
months later helupgr
engage in the travel agency business
imposed on the oil Industry, but the
Leeway for Price Increases
currently average 8.2 million barrels a
model used truck an
In addition, Midland owns 16 percent
day.
Senator warned today that the House
The formula for newly discovered oil
bought new tractor
of the Standard Chartered Bank of
There was 8 consensus among the
could not count on such action this
was drafted to allow) considerable
new trailer for $14,000
London;) which recently acquired the
leaders that they must stop the rise in
year,
leeway for price increases before any
that followed were
Union Bank of Angeles, the 25th-
oil purchases, invest more to develop
In a letter to Representative Moore,
tax would be imposed, although it does
known in the business
largest bank In the United States,
alternate. energy sources, expand
Mr. Long said: wish to suggest very
not establisha flat exemption
Mr. Calley latest
Midland also GIVILS the Chartered Bank
atomic energy production with im
strongly that no House member should
House also defeated a Republi-
the tractor and 01
of (California, with branches and
proved International safety standards
vote for a tax which is any higher than
can attempt to add to the legislation
His monthly installm
more than $500 million in assets that is
and open a dialogue" with OPEC to
he wants to see become law. When the
provision granting the oil industry A
$1,200 for the tractor
to into the billion
assure steady supplies, European
Senate votes on this measure, the mood
credit of up to percent of the windfall
trailer. His annual in
Union
spokesman
at that time ght cause the teto
tax for profits in
or bout
The or Times of
vote for an even than the
development and of
payment to he state
the United States
passed by the
and to
he
in the municipal park in the southern city
e gaso-
By ALAN RIDING
of Curitiba.
ooling,
Special to The New York Times
mative
The trip took the Pope from an area of
MEXICO CITY, July 6 - A year after
Nicaragua's new Government has appar-
fuels,
Brazil largely settled by Germans, Poles
the Somoza regime was overthrown by
ently avoided involvement In political
and Italians to a region where the largest
Sandinist guerrillas, the shock waves
crises elsewhere in the region. Yet Cen-
experi-
group is African.
from the Nicaraguan revolution are still
tral America's five tiny republics - 20
In Curitiba, the Pope gave a farewell
ight be
reverberating through Central America,
million people in an area equivalent in
address to a throng of nearly a half mil-
rgy be-
bringing new violence and instability to
size to California - are so tightly knit
really
lion people waving paper flags of the
the region.
that some domino effect from the revolu-
scores of countries their ancestors had
iverage
have to
In El Salvador and Guatemala the San-
tion was inevitable
left. "Of all the beauties of Brazil,' he
"Il was the first revolution in Latin
dinist victory has inspired the armed left
said, "I don't know if there is any that has
America in 20 years," a Honduran leftist
touched me so much as the evident happi-
nat part
said. "and II took place in an area ripe for
ness and brotherhood with which so many
imports
Central America:
revolution. After all the leftist disasters
races live here together.'
es. But
in South America, it showed that armed
also at
A Region in Turmoil
struggle was still possible.
Discusses Challenges to Faith
les was
First of three articles.
The ouster of Gen. Anastasio Somoza
Arriving in Salvador, he continued to
es were
Debayle on July 19, 1979. was seen as a
celebrate the pluralism of Brazil, but in a
hat the
victory for all the region's leftists and
reference to the widespread observance
to launch an open bid for power and has
n most
democrats and a defeat for all its armies
here of ritualistic religions brought to
frightened conservatives into stepping up
inkage"
and conservatives. And just as neighbor-
Brazil by West African slaves and prac-
repression against even moderate oppost-
rate of
ing countries played a key role in the
liced in concert with traditional Christi.
I though
tion groups.
Nicaraguan conflict they now cannot es.
anity, he added:
d States
In Honduras, the army has accepted is
cape involvement in the strite in El Sal-
Pluralism carries with It a danger. In
national
return to civilian rule in the hope of fore-
vador and Guatemala
: 11 society that likes to call itself pluralistic
stalling popular unrest. Even Costa Rica,
there exists, in fact. a diversity of faiths,
not be
long a democracy, is worried about the
Leftists Appeal for Help
ideologies and philosophies. While recog.
political effects of a deep economic crisis.
experts
On the right, Guatemalan paramilitary
nizing this, 1 will not shrink from the
Struggling to rebuild its economy after
gunmen are operating in El Salvador;
duty, nor should any Christian, of declar-
nn 1
a civil war in which 30,000 people died,
Salvadoran conservatives are financing
ing the need for indisputable principles
recruitment of members of Nicaragua's
that must be based on man's needs, mu-
defeated National Guard to fight in
terml. spiritual and religious, and in a
Guatemala, and the Governments of El
society free of showy manipulation."
Salvador and Guatemala have accused
Followers of candomble, one of the
the Sandinists of helping their opponents
creeds, complained today that their only
Leftists, on the other hand, appeal for
participation in the Pope's visit IS to be ID
support throughout the region, saying the
a folklore context when a traditionally
popular struggles in El. Salvador and
dressed woman from the state of Bahia
Guatemala must advance hand in hand to
will give the Pupe a basket of tropical
forestall outside intervention, "If the
fruits after a mass tomorrow. As he
right wins in El Salvador and Guatemala,
demonstrated in his recent tour of Africa,
Continued on Page A10, Column 4
Continued on Page A6, Column 1
President to See Chinese Leader
While in Tokyo for Ohira's Rites
MIT
Special to The New York Times
PLAINS, Gav. July 6 - President Car-
May. when he became the first head of a
ter will meet with Prime Minister Hua
Chinese Government to visit Japan in the
Guofeng of China in Tokyo on Thursday
2,000-year history of relations between
for the first time, White House officials
the two countries.
said today.
The Chinese leader missed a chance to
The officials said Mr. Carter will con-
meet with Mr. Carter in Yugoslavia when
fer. with Mr. Hua for one hour and forty
minutes at the end of the President's trip.
Continued on Page B11, Column 2
to Tokyo to attend a service for Masay-
oshi Ohira, the former Prime Minister of
Japan.
INSIDE
In Washington, State Department offi-
Associated Press
cials said the brief meeting might cover
Iran Said to Move Hostages
Peivillans and searching them for weapons
such subjects as Indochina, Asian securi-
The militants holding the American
ty, relations with the Soviet Union and the
situation in Southwest Asia since the Rus-
hostages said they had moved some of
as Era of Landfill Ends
sian intervention in Afghanistan.
the captives because of "satanic plots'
against their lives. Page A4.
Although Mr. Carter has never met
with Mr. Hua, the President held talks
with China's serlior Deputy Prime Minis-
French Leader Going to Bonn
tural haz
here and may pose new problems, partic-
ter, Deng Xiaoping, during the Chinese
Valery Giscard d'Estaing is going to
of methane
ularly air pollution. The only such plant
official's visit to the United States last
Bonn for talks with Helmut Schmidt
in the metropolitan area, in the Town of
year.
that are expected to focus on irritants
garbage
Hempstead, L.I., has been closed for sev-
between their nations. Page All.
burning
eral months because of emissions and un-
Deng Called Real Power
require sub-
pleasant odors as well as labor problems
Mr. Hua is the Communist Party Chair-
he start as
axpayers will also have to pay nun-
man as well as Prime Minister, but real
thereafter
dreds of millions of dollars to clean the
power in China is, believed to rest, with
Around Nation
A12
Notes on People B5
Art
CII
Obituaries
D13
producing
landfills already in existence, a process
Mr. Deng
Books
C14
Op:Ed
A15
of reducing,
that planners say will take at least 10
Mr. Carter is scheduled to attend a me-
Bridge
C15
Shipping
TD5
aterial going
years: Capping only the major landfills
morial service Wednesday, afternoon for
Business Day
D1-7
Society
B13
on Long Island a step designed to keep
Mr. Ohira, who died of a heart attack on
Chess
C13
Monday C1-10
authorities
Crossword
C14
Style
rainwaters from penetrating the buried
June
12.
Editorials
A14
Theaters
technologies
garbage could cost $35,million to $40
After the service, the President, is to
Going Out Guide #C12
TV Radio C14-15
successfully
million, according to Donald H: Middle
meet with Emperor Hirohito and later
Movies
Ca1.15
U.N Events
A8
ton, the Long Island regional director for
confer with Acting Prime Minister
Music ICH
Weather
Masayoshi Ito
News Summary and Index) Page
WOODLAWN
Continued on Page B6, Column 1
4Mr Hus met with Mr. Ohira late
Classified
1980
)S Resume
Republicans and Brother DI.
Quick Pace
By STEVEN R. WEISMAN
were overtly political, and the Demo-
crats footed the bill for them.
Specialtu The New York Times
But Mr. Carter's attacks on Mr. Rea-
PLAINS, Ga., July 6 - Home at last
gan at the "nonpolitical" functions
TERENCE SMITH
for a holiday weekend, after his longest
were only slightly less overt. Before the
to The New York Times
absence from Plains since he took of-
National Education Association, he
GTON, July 6 - After six
fice. Jimmy Carter appears to have
warned of Mr. Reagan's proposed tax
which he barely strayed
Ronald Reagan on his mind. That, in
cuts Before the National Association
White House because of the
any case, was the impression the Presi-
for the Advancement of Colored Peo-
SIS, President Carter seems
dent conveyed on his trip to California
ple, he warned that the United States
n bitten by the travel bug.
and Florida Thursday and Friday, and
Supreme Court might change under the
Washington Thursday for
even in his random comments here.
Republicans.
on the first leg of a combined
The foray to California and Florida
And a persistent, relatively new
id vacation trip, and will not
was billed as nonpolitical - and there-
theme that Mr. Carter sounded was his
the White House until July
fore financed mostly by the Governs
opening up of relations with China. Not-
11, the President will have
ment - because It was not, at least on
ing how reliant the West Coast had be-
24 of the last 30 days, nearly
the surface, of " partisan nature. Ac.
come on trade with China. Mr. Carter
out of the country.
cordingly, Mr. Carter's attacks on Mr.
told listeners in California that the
esident Mondale will be on
Reagan in various speeches never even
country could not "turn the clock
is well. Arrangements are
mentioned the Republican challenger's
back" in its China policy. Mr. Carter
pleted for an eight-day visit
name
didn't say so, but Mr. Reagan has been
and several other West Afri.
critical of the President's recognition
The White House entourage also in-
beginning July 16.
of China.
cluded Michael Cardozo, an assistant
house schedulers have been
arrange the travels of the
counsel specializing ID election laws,
While concentrating on the former
and Vice President SO that
whose job was to sanitize Mr. Carter's
Governor of California, Mr. Carter
of be out of the country at the
speeches of explicitly political materi-
spent some behind-the-scenes time
"I suppose It would raise
al.
trying to be friendly to the current Gov.
was about who IS minding the
In the space of two days, the Prest-
ernor, Edmund G. Brown Jr whose
dent did appear at fund-raising din-
official said.
own campaign for President ended in
nets, brunches and other receptions,
ups in California and Miami,
fature this year.
raising $500,000 for the Democratic Na-
-kend in Plains, Ga., for his
Associated
There were signs of a possible future
nonal Committee. These appearances
home in 10 months, Mr. Cur-
rapprochement between the two Demo-
duled to fly from Georgia to
President Carter cheering his teammates at softball game In Plains, Ga.
crats. For one thing. Mr. Brown per-
sday to attend the memorial
mitted one of his top political aides 10
do the advance work for Mr. Carter's
,5 Masayoshi Ohira, the late
nister. In Tokyo Mr. Carter IS
Carter Will Confer With Chinese Leader in Tokyo
fund-raisers. The Governor himself
he Chinese leader Hua Guo-
met Mr. Carter at the airport in Los An-
ie first time.
geles - something he did not do last
way home, the President
time - and conferred with him in pri-
top in Anchorage, Alaska, to
Continued From Page AI
American officials said then that he
The President will leave here early
vate in Oakland. Reporters besieging
is passion for trout fishing at
would probably come early this year,
Tuesday morning and stop in Detroit to
the mercurial Mr. Brown asked him
the American leader sent Vice President
with President Carter expected to make a
meet with auto industry and labor repre-
what he and the President had been
tion of Gov. Jay Hammond.
er is scheduled to return to
Mondale to head the United States dele-
return visit later to Peking.
sentatives. The long-scheduled meeting
talking about.
by Friday to begin a six-day
gation to the state funeral for President
is aimed at reaching final agreement on a
"Matters of concern to the state of
Tito.
But Mr. Hua's trip was put off by the
on Sapelo Island, off the Geor-
package of assistance programs for the
California, Mr. Brown replied as he
State Department officials said Mr.
Chinese for undisclosed reasons. Diplo-
ailing industry. President Carter has said
got into his car.
Carter's decision to ignore protocol and
mats in Peking suggested that the post-
n June 19, when he left Wush-
he plans to discuss Japanese auto im-
Governor Brown returned to the Oak
attend the service for Mr. Ohira was a
ponement sprang from changes in the
the economic summit in Ven-
ports - which are regarded as a factor in
land Hotel after midnight and hac
sign of the warm personal relationship
hierarchy as Mr. Deng installed a new
July 17. when he returns to
sagging domestic auto sales - when he
drinks into the early morning hour:
on after speeches in Florida,
between the two men and the importance
team of leaders.
meets with Tokyo's leaders.
with Jody Powell, the White House
that the United States placed on relations
Richard C. Holbrooke, the Assistant
er will have traveled nearly
Secretary of State for East Asian and Pa-
After the meeting in Detroit, Mr. Car-
spokesman.
les.
with Japan.
cific Affairs, just ended a series of talks
ter will proceed to Tokyo with a brief stop
Mr. Powell was asked later what Mr
Island was the President's
Mr. Huu has risen in Chinese politics by
in Peking.
for refueling at Elmendorf Air Force
Brown was up to. After a long pause, h
noice for the vacation. Initial-
gauging shifts in the political current and
swinging with them. Originally appointed
In a policy speech to the National Coun-
Base in Anchorage, Alaska. After his
replied: "He was trolling."
1 his wife, Rosalynn, and their
cit for United States-China Trade last
meeting with Mr. Hua Thursday at 8
Amy, had hoped to spend a
to office by Mao Zedong, he seems to have
month, Mr. Holbrooke said Washington
A.M., Mr. Carter plans to return to Geor-
"O.K., where are the victims?" Mr
Yosemite National Park in
aligned himself now with Mr. Deng.
gia by way of Alaska, where he will stay
Carter asked today as he arrived at th
But at a party meeting in Peking in
and Peking are expected to build by the
for about 10 hours and go fishing.
softball field, looking for the opposin
a.
C more the White House looked
March, the last of Mr. Hua's associates
end of the year the basic legal and insti-
were removed from power and Mr.
tutional framework" for a flourishing
Instead of coming back to Plains, how-
team.
proposition, the more compli-
series of economic, cultural, scientific
ever, Mr. Carter intends to go Sapelo Is-
Then, in sweltering heat, the Pres
dent of the United States,' wearin
became. The park operates at
Deng's friends were put in their place.
Last summer, when Vice President
and technological relationships.
land off the Georgia coast, a resort com-
city in July: thus, several hun-
The United States and China estab-
munity, for about a week
white tennis shorts and a white terry
rists would have had to be dis-
Mondale was in China, Mr. Hua accepted
cloth polo shirt, got on first base on a
an invitation to visit the United States.
lished diplomatic relations on Jan. 1,
) make way for the President's
error, was thrown out at first, walked
1979, ending nearly three decades of es-
flied out and hit a clean standup doubl
trangement.
1, much of the préss. corps
China Selling Taiwanese Goods
to left. Pitching for a squad of beefy Si
ive had to be housed in tents in
Harvard Medical Center
Soviet Condemned on Afghan
cret Service men, Mr. Carter led h
PEKING, July 6 (Reuters) - Con-
emite woods, where the flies
China joined the United States in con-
team to a 13-to-3 victory over h
sumer goods marked "Made in Taiwan"
bly vicious. "Can you imagine
Set to Open This Week
demning the Soviet military intervention
brother Billy's team of friends and r
in Afghanistan. The senior Chinese de-
have gone on sale in China for the first
S we would have gotten out of
time In 30 years, according to the Shang-
porters.
Presidential aide asked.
fense official, Deputy Prime Minister
"It's the first thing he's won in
hai Liberation Daily. Television sets,
hird problem concerned the
BOSTON, July 6 (AP) - Four teaching
Geng Biao, recently led a high-level dele-
damn long." Billy Carter said this a
hospitals affiliated with Harvard Univer-
gation to the United States to discuss pos-
tape recorders, fans and watches have
erintendent's house, where the
ternoon. "It's time he won something
were to stay. The plumbing.
sity are moving to a new $118 million, 680-
sible purchases of American military
been imported by way of Hong Kong and
put on sale in cities around the country.
The occasion was one'of the Plain
n removed in preparation for
bed complex this week.
technology.
ion
The Brigham and Women's Hospital,
United States Park Service
first envisioned 20 years ago, will com-
volunteered to put the pipes
bine Peter Bent Brigham, a medical-
it; one aide said, think what a
y, the Republicans would have
surgical center Robert Breck Brigham,
devoted to arthritis and related diseases;
B
h it.", The vacation, by design,
Boston Lying-In, the nation's oldest ma-
15 with the Republican National
ternity hospital, and Parkway, a
tion in Detroit
women's hospital
in Crashes of Planes
Now we will bring to one spot the
great and varied expertise of the four
CLASSIFIED
Holiday in San Diego County
specialty hospitals and provide a greatly
expanded range of services to patients
under one roof, said Dr. Robert Peters-
IEGO July (AP) Six per.
dorf president of the new complex:
ADVERTISING
e killed in two San Diego County
He said the move would begin Thurs
ishes over the holiday weekend?,
day, when the first patients from Peter
Land woman were killed this
Bent Brigham will travel to the new com-
when their engine Cessna
on a farm about half a mile from
plex in ambulances.
IS ON
day's stay in the new facility costs
mar airport in Carlsbad:The au
$420. The charge for a day in the intensive
said that the plane had been
can
unit
is
$750.00
heavy and that the man and
he hospital: first planned Ina1960, has
who were not identified were the
had its opponents, including local rest-
PAGES D8-D12
pants.
dents and state officials: Harvard had to
persons 11717 killed when their
agree to provide 800 new housing units for
Grumman
residents displaced by the project The
ORTHIS RCAYL- 0013
on and into
project was trimmed from or ginal
plans for 800 bed facility under
SOLID/STATE COLOR 1V
RGA
the
THE romstate regulations
'Getyour pictures
developed
THE NEW YORK TIMES, MONDAY, JUL
For President,
Repor
Trips Resume
Repu
At Quick Pace
By STEVI
Specially
By TERENCE SMITH
PLAINS, Ga.
Special is The New York Times
for a holiday we
absence from I
WASHINGTON, July 6 - After SIX
months in which he barely strayed
fice, Jimmy C
from the White House because of the
Ronald Reagan
Tranian crisis, President Carter seems
any case, was tt
dent conveyed (
to have been bitten by the travel bug.
and Florida The
He left Washington Thursday for
even in his rand
California on the first leg of a combined
business and vacation trip. and will not
The foruy to
be back in the White House until July
was billed as no
17. By then, the President will have
fore financed I
been away 24 of the last 30 days, nearly
ment - because
half of them out of the country.
the surface, of
Vice President Mondale will be on
cordingly, Mr. (
the road as well. Arrangements are
Reagan in vario
being completed for an eight-day visit
mentioned the I
to Nigeria and several other West Afri-
name.
can nations, beginning July 16.
The White H
White House schedulers have been
cluded Michael
careful to arrange the travels of the
counsel special
President and Vice President so that
whose job was
they will not be out of the country at the
speeches of exp
same time. "I suppose it would raise
al.
real questions about who is minding the
In the space
store," the official said.
dent did appea
After stops In California and Miami,
ners, brunches
and a weekend in Plains, Ga., for his
raising $500,000
Associated Press
first visit home in 10 months, Mr. Car-
tional Committ
ter Is scheduled to fly from Georgia to
President Carter cheering his teammates at softball game In Plains, Ga.
Japan Tuesday to attend the memorial
service for Masayoshi Ohira, the late
Prime Minister. In Tokyo Mr. Carter is
to meet the Chinese leader Hua Guo-
Carter Will Confer With Chinese Leader
feng for the first time.
On the way home, the President.
plans to stop in Anchorage, Alaska, to
Continued From Page AI
American officials said then that he
The President
indulge his passion for trout fishing at
the American leader sent Vice President
would probably come early this year,
Tuesday morning
the Invitation of Gov. Jay Hammond.
with President Carter expected to make a
meet with auto in
Mr. Carter is scheduled to return to
Mondale to head the United States dele-
return visit later to Peking.
sentatives. The I
Georgia by Friday to begin a six-day
gation to the state funeral for President
is aimed at reach
vacation on Sapelo Island, off the Geor-
Tito.
But Mr. Hua's trip was put off by the
gia coast.
State Department officials said Mr.
Chinese for undisclosed reasons. Diplo-
package of assist
Between June 19, when he left Wash-
Carter's decision to Ignore protocol and
mats in Peking suggested that the post-
ailing industry. P
ington for the economic summit in Ven-
attend the service for Mr. Ohira was a
ponement sprang from changes in the
he plans to disc
lice, and July 17, when he returns to
hierarchy as Mr. Deng installed a new
ports which an
sign of the warm personal relationship
Washington after speeches in Florida,
team of leaders.
sagging domestic
between the two men and the importance
Mr. Carter will have traveled nearly
Richard C. Holbrooke, the Assistant
meets with Tokyo
that the United States placed on relations
35,000 miles.
with Japan.
Secretary of State for East Asian and Pa-
After the meet
Sapelo Island was the President's
Mr. Hua has risen In Chinese politics by
cific Affairs; just ended a series of talks
ter will proceed 1
second choice for the vacation. Initial-
gauging shifts in the political current and
in Peking.
for refueling at
ly, he and his wife, Rosalynn, and their
swinging with them. Originally appointed
In a policy speech to the National Coun-
Base in Anchor
daughter, Amy, had hoped to spend a
tooffice by Mao Zedong, he seems to have
cil for United States-China Trade last
meeting with M
week in Yosemite National Park in
aligned himself now with Mr. Deng.
month, Mr. Holbrooke said Washington
A.M., Mr. Carter
California.
But at a party meeting in Peking in
and Peking are expected to-build by the
gia by way of Al
But the more the White House looked
March, the last of Mr. Hua's associates
end of the year the "basic legal and insti-
for about 10 hours
into the proposition, the more compli-
were removed from power and Mr.
tutional framework" for. a flourishing
Instead of com
cated it became. The park operates at
Deng's friends were put in their place.
series of economic, cultural, scientific
ever, Mr. Carter
full capacity in July; thus several hun-
Last summer, when Vice President
and technological relationships:
land off the Geor
dred tourists would have had to be dis-
Mondale was in China, Mr. Hua accepted
The United States and China estab-
munity, for about
placed to make way for the President's
an invitation to visit the United States.
lished diplomatic relations on Jan. 1,
party.
1979, ending nearly three decades of es-
Second; much of the press corps
trangement,
would have had to be housed in tents in
Harvard Medical Center
Soviet Condemned on Afghan
China Selling
the Yosemite woods, where the flies
China joined the United States in con-
PEKING; Jul
are notably viclous. Can you imagine
the press we would have gotten out of
Set to Open This Week
demning the Soviet military intervention
sumer goods ma
in Afghanistan. The senior Chinese de-
have gone on sa
that?" a Presidential alde asked.
time in 30 years,
The third problem. concerned the
fense, official, Deputy Prime Minister
park superintendent's house, where the
BOSTON, July 6 (AP) Four teaching
Geng Blao, recently led a high-level dele-
hai Liberation
hospitals affiliated with Harvard Univer-
gation to the United States to discuss pos-
tape recorders,
Carters were; to stay. The plumbing
had been removed in preparation for
sity are moving to a new $118 million, 680-
sible purchases of American military
been imported b
demolition
bed complex this week.
technology.
put on salein citi
The United States Park Service
The Brigham and Women Hospital
quickly volunteered to put the pipes
first envisioned 20 years ago will com-
back, but, one aide said, think what a
bine Peter Bent Brigham, medical
field day the Republicans would have
surgical center; Robert Breck Brigham,
had The vacation, by design
devoted to arthritis and related diseases;
coincides with the Republican National
Boston ying In, the nation oldest ma.
Convention in Detroit
ternity hospital, and Parkway
women's hospital."
Six Die in Crashes of wo.Planes
***Now to one spot the
great and varied of the four
CLASSIFIED
Over Holiday Diego.County
specialty hospitals and provide greatly
expanded range of services to patients
SAN DIEGO, July 6 (AP) per-
under one roof " said DR Robert Peters-
sons were killed in two San Diego County
dorf president of the new complex,
ADVERTISING
plane CTR ishes over the holiday weekend.
HG move would egin 19
Asman, and woman were killed this
day, when the from Peten
morning when the engine Cessive
Bent righam
crashed on farm about half mile from
plex in ambulances
days stay m the enstst
IS ON
the in maint The au-
said that nic plane had been
$420 The charge
flying.mibe triand
unitis
lhad in opponents. including
A2
K
Cimes
Weather: Mostly sunny today; mostly
clear tonight. Partly cloudy tomorrow.
Temperature range: today 65-84; yes-
terday 68-82. Details are on page D14.
30 cents beyond 50 rule suns from New York Ca
LY 9, 1980
08/6/2
25 CENTS
Higher to all delivery citims
CARTER OFFERS PLAN
TO AID CAR MAKERS;
RULES TO BE EASED
RELAXATION ON EMISSIONS DUE
Safety and Tax Moves Expected -
Faster Consideration on Bid
for Import Curbs Asked
By MARTIN TO HIN
special to The New York Times
DETROIT. July 8 - President Carter,
in a brief visit to this economically de.
pressed city early this morning. an-
nounced a set of proposals intended to
speed the automobile industry's recov-
ery.
He termed the proposals "a first step"
The famous B
in a "permanent partnership" between
Washington and Detroit.
Poplin suits
The package would ease regulatory
United Press International
standards governing emissions and safe-
ng Prime Minister Masayoshi Ito listens. Behind Mr. Carter are
ty, provide credit to automobile dealers,
This is the warm we:
de and, at right, Ambassador Mike Mansfield.
accelerate depreciation tax write-offs
and speed action by the United States In-
wash-and-wear 3-but
ternational Trade Commission that could
ultimately lessen the competition of for-
Brooks Brothers. It I
cer Prices Up 0.8% in June;
eign imports.
classic. Blend of poly
Reaction in the auto industry was
Higher After a 2-Month Drop
mixed. The plan fulfilled the hopes of
wanted colors: tan, oli
new-car dealers for easier credit, but fell
short of industry demands for a harder
ers, $125
line on imports. [Page D4.]
By EDWARD COWAN
Appeal to Disaffected Workers
Seco
Special to The New York Times
On the eve of the Republican National
The index, compiled by the Bureau of
Convention here, Mr. Carter demon-
ON, July 8 - The Govern-
1 today that its measure of
Labor Statistics, showed that rising beef
strated the powers of incumbency as he
etailers pay for finished
and pork prices helped make food an
appealed to disaffected blue-collar work-
ght-tenths of 1 percent in
ers who are being wooed by the Republi-
ESTABI
inflationary force in June. Producers'
ding from the abnormally
prices of food ready to eat climbed seven-
cans. Unemployment in the automobile
pril and May.
tenths of 1 percent, a rise that may al-
industry has reached 30 percent, and the
crease, which would mean
ready be showing up at retail meat coun-
overall rate in Michigan Is about 15 per-
Brook
of 9.9 percent If it occurred
cent.
ters.
Price of Gasoline Down
The stakes were underscored by Doug-
consecutive months, was re-
ighly in line with the coun-
las A. Fraser, president of the United Au-
Led by a decline in the price of gaso-
CLO
tomobile Workers union, who was among
ing rate of inflation.
line, where supplies are abundant, the
Fun
ou inflation isn't over, said
those who met the President. Mr. Fraser.
ens &
ous
Index of finished energy goods fell six-
ssell; director of the Council
tenths of 1 percent last month, the first
later told reporters that "Ronald Rea-
346 MADISON AVE
Price Stability, in comment-
drop in more than two years. Prices of
gan's strength among members of our
union Increases with each percentage
LIBERTY PLAZA
e rise of the Producer Price
crude oil and natural gas continued to
rise, reflecting the gradual price decon-
point in unemployment.
Republican leaders dismissed Mr. Car
trol that is under way
ter's 55-minute visit as a political ploy
Although food was an important factor
and his proposals as cosmetic.
Smugglers
in the June surge of wholesale prices,
there was a broad pattern of increases
Presented at Airport Meeting
elsewhere. The index of finished con-
The President alighted from Air Force
ong Aliens
sumer goods minus food and energy rose,
One at 7:05 A.M., on the way to Japan
1.1 percent in June; the largest Increase
from Plains, Ga., and spent his entire
since February's 1.6 percent
visit inside the international terminal at
ed in Desert
We had moderation in food and
Metropolitan Airport He was accompa
energy prices: recently, Mr. Russell
nied by larger higher level entourage
RUTH-BROO
said: How long we can rely on that
than he took to the economic summit
behavi or is worrisome
meeting at Venice Mr. Carter presented
OHN CREWDSON
Declines of food prices in the previous
his plan to a closed meeting of city, indus-
(THE 50% DI
claim York Times
two months had played a part in the over-
try and union officials, and then held 10
July Sheriff's investi
all Index's small increases of five tenths
minute news conference.
today the they had discov,
of percent April and three tenths of
After the news conference; Mr. Carter
PRESENTS
vo of the four smugglers be
percent in May,
boarded his plane for the trip to TOKY
oned group of
Meat/ Advance No Surprise
where he is to attend a'memorial service)
izens here
(or asayoshi Ohira, the Japanese
(TAKE 60% C
Government anal have been saying
ere
for Tmonths that higher for
me Minister who died last month
suggeste
meat coming this summer and
[On in Tokyo,Mr. Carter said
of third
would to offset, in indus-
he wanted the apanese people to
price. during the
visit!as an expression of the deep friend
Featuring famo
the inflationdrom last
ship and respect felt by the American
OF
in
Ultrasmerk
winter annual approac
der.Admin
The
gabar
estima
us welles 34
Jr
in
Explosion
Demand Unmet
Reduce
By REGINALD STUART
The Korvettes depar
chain, which recently succ
Special to The New York Times
structuring about $55 mill
DETROIT, July 8 - President Car-
with its major lenders, is n
ter's renewed pledge today of Govern-
In new expensé-saving eff
ment support to help the nation's ailing
clude the reduction of sellin
automobile industry recover from its
the subletting of frontage a
worst slump In history brought mixed
Square store in Manhattan.
reactions today from Industry and
The eighth and ninth 1
union leaders.
store will be closed and (
Mr. Carter, here this morning for an
the company's headquar
airport meeting with industry and
will be moved from 450 We
union officials, outlined a plan of short-
in Manhattan. In addition
term support for the industry as a fol-
former entrances on West
low-up to a White House meeting he
have been closed and the
held with the same group this spring.
to a cookie concession, W
At that meeting an appeal was made
hand also to sublet window
for Government help, ranging from
Broadway side.
regulatory rellef and Import restric-
tions to financial aid for new-car deal-
Korvettes, acquired in t
the Agache-Willot group of
ers.
sublet the headquarters
Low-Cost Loans Were Sought
vacated. With the move C
Mr. Carter's statements fulfilled the
rate offices to the Herald S
hopes of the car dealers, who had
a spokesman said yest
sought low-cost loans from the Govern-
vettes' buyers will be d
The Times, George Tames
ment, but fell short of Industry de-
and given offices in the st
mands for a harder line on imports.
President Carter at his news conference In Detroit after
Mayor of Detroit; Douglas A. Fraser, head of the United
to the departments for whi
There was jubilation expressed by
the National Automobile Dealers As-
meeting with city and auto Industry officials. Standing
Automobile Workers union; G. William Miller, the Secre-
The move to sublease !
Immediately behind him were, from the left: Lee A. 1a-
tary of the Treasury, and Thomas A. Murphy, the chair-
sociation over the President's plan. By
Herald Square store is
cocca, the chairman of Chrysler; Coleman A. Young, the
man of General Motors. Mr. Carter then flew on to Japan.
the same token there was no comment
Agache-Willot's belief that
of substance from the General Motors
has had an excess of space
Corporation, the industry giant.
even beyond that involve
Thomas A. Murphy, chairman and
chief executive of G.M., said In a state
President Offers Auto Aid Plan
stores it has closed since 11
of the chain from the Arler
ment: "This is a very good first step.
Development Corporation.
The fact that the President was here Is
a demonstration of the importance with
Continued From Page AI
stringent than those at lower altitudes.
fected by the transition in the automo-
which he views the situation.'
The rules now require that, begin-
bile
industry.
The most detailed assessment of Mr.
permanent partnership, within the
ning in 1984, every car sold be required
The monies will be disbursed as di-
Carter's actions came from Douglas A.
rect grants as well as loan guarantees,
bounds of propriety in the free-enter-
to meet the high-altitude standards, al-
Alcoa Trims (
Fraser, president of the United Auto-
though only a small percentage are ac-
according to Administration officials.
mobile Workers union, the principal
prise system," among government, the
tually driven at those altitudes.
The aid is targeted to help unemployed
bargaining agent for most unionized
automobile makers and their employ-
At Two Smel1
Similarly, the Environmental Pro-
workers and their families make the
auto workers. The U.A.W., which has
ees.
Although Presidential aides said it
tection Agency will require fewer cars
transition to new jobs, attract new in-
about 240,000 of its members on indefi-
might be inappropriate for Mr. Carter
to be tested, and in some cases allow
dustry to underutilized facilities, as
The Aluminum Compa
nite layoffs as a result of the industry
well as to create new industrial devel-
announced the closing 0
sales slump, has also been in the fore-
to discuss auto import restrictions with
production to begin without costly
his Japanese hosts, there was some
prototypes first being made.
opment in the depressed areas.
tion line at its Warrick 1
front of appeals for Government aid.
another line at its Rock
suggestion that informal discussions
Standards of the Occupational Safety
The Small Business Administration
cility. Alcoa said the C
Trade Decision Praised
could occur.
and Health Administration for work-
will undertake a special program to
help adjust aluminum pr
The President's decision to request
Cooperation was the theme of the
ers' exposure to toxic lead and arsenic
guarantee working capital loans to au-
ventories during the cur
an expedited ruling from the United
day. "Our competitors overseas don't
are to be changed so that, instead of
tomobile dealers, guaranteeing up to 90
downturn.
States International Trade Commis-
exceed us in efficiency or technology."
having to remove these hazards, the
percent of bank loans. The S.B.A. esti-
The line being Idled a
sion on the effect of the sales of foreign
Vice President Mondale told reporters,
automobile companies will merely
mates that this program may total $400
counts for 42,500 tons of 1
cars was praised by Mr. Fraser as
"but they cooperate."
have to provide employees with protec-
million.
nual capacity of 290,000
very significant.
Mr. Fraser called the President's
tive equipment.
Dealers have experienced difficulty
nual capacity of the line
The U.A.W. petitioned the commis-
package "a good first step." He said,
financing their Inventories during this
Rockdale, Alcoa's large
sion last month to examine the foreign-
however, that many union members
Standards Being Reviewed
period of*economic uncertainty and
35,000 tons out of a total
car issue to determine whether soaring
blamed the Administration's economic
Carbon monoxide waivers will also
Government guarantees will make
of 325,000 tons a year.
import sales were damaging the
policies for the plight of the automobile
be expedited by the E.P.A., Mr. Carter
funds available at lower interest rates.
About 60 employees a
American automobile business and, if
industry. "They know that high inter-
President Carter also said that he
operation and 70 at Ro
so,: whether tariffs or import restric-
est rates and tight credit resulted in
said, and safety and fuel economy
tions should be placed upon foreign
losing jobs," he added. 'The current
standards were being reviewed by the
had today written the trade commis-
laid off because of the clo
cars sold in the United States.
mood of our members is one of anger
Department of Transportation.
sion, urging acceleration of its investi-
Mr. Fraser, who is a political sup-
and fear.
Administration officials said none of
gation of whether the automobile indus-
porter of Senator Edward M. Kennedy,
Bill Brock, chairman of the Republi-
the proposed changes would require
try had been injured by foreign im-
Democrat of Massachusetts, in his bld
can National Committee, attacked the
Congressional approval, but the
ports. If injury is found, the commis-
for the Democratic. Party nomination
President's proposed three-way part-
changes still must go through a regula-
sion is required to recommend appro-
2 New Typev
for President, shared the view of sev-
nership, saying that "there is no part-
tory procedure in which hearings are
priate remedies. Depending on the se-
eral corporate executives who also
nership when it is a principle of this Ad-
held.
verity of the Injury, the remedy could
Presented by
praised Mr. Carter's establishment of a
ministration to use unemployment as
Mr. Carter also proposed that the
be neogiations to persuade other coun-
continuing industry-labor-Government
an anti-inflation tool.
Economic Development Administra
tries to limit exports voluntarily, or it
The Olivetti Corporati
committee to study what further steps
In the regulatory area, Mr. Carter
tion earmark $100 million of its budget
could be actual import curbs,
displayed two new elect
could be taken to help the industry.
said that the industry would save $500
for the 1981 fiscal year to communities
The President's intervention is ex-
ers, rounding out a line
Paul Tippett, president of the Ameri-
million by a reduction in high-altitude
severely harmed by industrial disloca-
pected to reduce the deliberation time,
pany said was now capal
can Motors Corporation, the smallest
emission standards. They: are more
tions. At least half would go to those af
Administration officials said.
ing the market dominan
of the United States-based auto
national Business Macl
makers, shared the views of his larger
tion
automotive competitors, but noted that
the entourage officials from Wash-
Garter Acts to Speed Car-Import Study
The Olivetti line will
ET,121, the basic electro
ington left open two 'big issues"
and the ET-231, which th
capital formation and trade questions
scribed as the most
26 With the industry; scrambling to as-
semble and spend by 1985 some $80 bil-
is
critical
to
the
health
of
the
nation
idiy, but that also up to my col
model in the line, with
By CLYDE H. FARNSWORTH
economyas a whole.
leagues, Alberger said:
working memory, globa
lion on new products, Mr. Tippett said
placement and display,
Complex procedural issues sur-
two-month, acceleration would
that the group was told that huge capi-
Special New York Times
bring the commissions vote on injury
introduced in Fel
formation, strategies could not be
rounding that case, filed June before
WASHINGTON July - President
the trade commission, arquastijudicial
around.Sept: 10 of
The ET/121 is priced a
addressed outside the scope of a major
tax reform package.
Carter made/as trade decision today
government body that investigates
ficial said positive finding could start
231 at $2,590. The compe
"What they seem to be telling us is
that could result in negotiations with
trade
matters,
now
become
of
para
round of discussions with the Japa.
productswill be made at
that they are working as hard as they
the Japanese during the fall election
mount
importance,
Government
and
nese
to
them
s
reduce
shipment
nia plant and will be rea
levels,
which
are
running
at
an
annual
in the fourth quarter of
can where possible to be specific but
campaign reduction in Japan's
that some things will require, legisla
shipments of small, fuel efficient cars
private By statute the analysts said.* commission makes rate of slightly below? million units of
will be shown at the am
tion." Mr. addeds
to
recomm to the President) for this year. year shipments
the National Office
the
United
States
deciding to ask. the United States
import curbs if It finds an industry has
were Smillion.
Association in New Orie
International Trade Commission to ac
been seriously. injured by foreign
celeratelits review of demands by the
competi tion. has Six months to make
British Living
United Workers union for
its final report to the President who
thenthas 60 days to accept.
EARNINGS
import the President
Standards Fall
as till the
modify those FULL
need for restraint,
OPERATOR
has made
wants to the case quick
CBS Profits Dip 17.39
Administration
39.9 commission mad already
ally
PGGP
(in
campaign
On 72% Revenue
CARTER MEETS HUA,
SAYS U.S.-CHINA TIES
WILL COUNTER SOVIET
S
HE CITES GROWING FRIENDSHIP
Notes 'Threat' of Russian Military
Buildup - Tribute Is Paid to
Ohira at Tokyo Ceremony
1/10/82
By STEVEN R. WEISMAN
Speciali to The New York Times
TOKYO, Thursday, July 10 - Prest-
dent Carter met here today with Prime
Minister Hua Guofeng of China and de-
clared that the growing Chinese-Ameri-
can friendship would "minimize the
threat of the Soviet military buildup."
But the President warned that the rela-
tionship "also should not be used by ei-
ther our country or Japan, with China,
against the Soviet Union.'
"We should not combine our efforts
against another nation,' Mr. Carter said
in an interview on Japanese television
shortly before his meeting with Mr. Hua.
It was the first working session the two
leaders have held.
Peace Called Main Purpose
The President added: "We should com-
bine our efforts to maintain peace and the
freedom of decisions free of outside inter-
ference and certainly free of invasion."
The meeting this morning with Mr.
45
Hua, at the Hotel Okura across the street
from the United States Embassy, lasted
an hour and 15 minutes. It followed Mr.
Carter's participation yesterday in a me-
Associated Press
morial service for Masayoshi Ohira, the
Hua Guofeng of China and President Carter paying respects during memorial ceremonies In Tokyo for
late Japanese Prime Minister, who died
Ohira, the late Japanese Prime Minister. They placed flowers at altar bearing Mr. Ohira's ashes.
on June 12.
At that ceremony, Mr. Carter -
dressed in a cutaway jacket and striped
ID TO RAID
Full G.O.P. Platform Panel Votes
pants - somberly placed three carna-
tions at the foot of a huge altar of flowers
To Abandon Rights Amendment
containing Mr. Ohira's ashes.
FGHAN CAMP
The meeting with Mr. Hua culminated
a busy 21-hour visit to Tokyo designed, in
the words of Secretary of State Edmund
By WARREN WEAVER Jr.
S. Muskle, to counter an impression
Specialjo The New York Times
ort Russians Suffer
among some American allies in Asia that
DETROIT, July 9 - The platform com-
The section on black Americans prom-
"we had forgotten that this part of the
mittee of the Republican National Con-
ised to "improve the quality of life for
world existed.
es and Retaliate
vention refused today to repeat the par-
blacks" and create "full employment
ty's endorsement of the proposed Federal
without inflation through economic
Moscow Anxiety Acknowledged
equal rights amendment. But it added a
growth." It also pledged stronger en-
During a stopover in Anchorage, Alas-
article was written by
mollifying concession to the plank
forcement of the civil rights laws than it
ka, on the way here, the Secretary ac-
er of The Associated
adopted yesterday by a subcommittee;
sald the Carter Administration had pro-
knowledged that the visit with Prime
it completed a stay of 10
saying that efforts to ban diserimination
vided.
Minister Hua, who is also chairman of the
an.
against women were 'legitimate.
To the surprise of some analysts, the
Chinese Communist Party, could well
nistan, July Mos-
Proponents of the controversial
platform committee defeated a proposal
heighten Moscow's concern over its de-
ided a Soviet military
amendment reported afterward that they
to refer to the Democrat Party,
in-
teriorating relationship with the United
were disappointed In the plank, which the
stead of the Democratic Party
States, But he said he hoped the Russians
e early Sunday, report-
vy casualties, and
committee adopted by a vote of 90 to 9.
throughout the platform. Several leaders
realized that their actions in Afghanistan
00 tanks and armored
The proponents'. weak showing made it
argued that this was snide treatment that
were the main cause of the problem:
unlikely however, that any attempt
might discourage some Democrats from
Mr. Carter visit to Tokyo also in-
52 artillery jet fighters
nships was said to have
would be made to raise the Issue on the
convention floor next week
Continued on Page B18, Column 1
Continued on Page A16, Column 1
three days of attacks in
Critics: of an antiabortion provision
that a subcommittee wrote into the party
ted today by witnesses)
platform terday received more votes
Emotional Issue for G.O.P.
viet operation was the
since Soviet, forces
than the forces avoring the equal rights
amendment, but their attempt to elimi
nyin Afghanistan
the antiabort language was
Equal Rights Amendment 28 Dividing elegates,
shells filled with
to
(cluster:
Symbolic Steps aken
Despite Doubt That Platform Will Affect Voters
Atthe same time, committee members
took symbolic steps, toward ving
ByADAM CLYMER
of
the assured Republican Presidential can-
didate, Rona broader ippeal
DET ROIT Some Republicans
contend nar Mr. Reagan's hard care of
fall election. They wrote allow
are telling one another and anyone else
Jupeds
plank on Into the plat-
esident Carten carried in 1976,
who will listen, that the (ina stand their
form for the time party
party takes: on the proposed Federal,
would: the
and voted down 9 language
equalirights amendment may decide the
hard for him this fall (Iii) platform
irst
Presidential election
backed
A16
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JULY 10, 1980
Carter Sees Hua and Says Ties Will Counter Soviet
formal purpose of Mr. Carter's journey
gun salute could be heard outside the
small nod as he faced the altar alone. By
was to pay last respects to Mr. Ohira.
hall.
contrast, Secretary Muskie, Ambassador
"As President of the United States, 1
Six eulogies were delivered by speak-
Mansfield and Governor Ariyoshi, who
Continued From Page A1
Soviet criticism of what Moscow has
and he said the visits would be "exped-
am both honored and saddened to return
ers who spoke with their backs to the 5,000
followed the President, bowed deeply at
termed an American desire to seek domi-
ited following the conclusion of the
to Japan on this solemn occasion," Mr.
in attendance, facing the high flower-be-
the altar.
nance in Asia.
American election."
Carter said upon his arrival at Haneda
decked altar. A huge color photograph of
President Meets With Emperor
cluded a series of meetings and recep-
Mr. Carter said on television that the
airport yesterday morning. "Prime
Mr. Ohira looked down from above.
President Leaves for Alaska
Minister Ohira was a good friend and a
The speakers bowed in salute to the be-
After the memorial, the President had
tions with Emperor Hirohito, Acting
Soviet military buildup had been "exem-
Prime Minister Masayoshi Ito and lead-
plified most vividly" by the Russian in-
After meeting with Mr. Hua, Mr. Car-
wise counselor. I valued his advice and I
reaved family and to members of Japan's
his meetings with the Emperor and the
ers of the governing Liberal Democratic
tervention in Afghanistan and Moscow's
ter left Tokyo for a brief stopover and
admired his statesmanship."
imperial family. who led a procession to
Acting Prime Minister, then greeted the
Party, including Zenko Suzuki, who is ex-
"support of the Vietnamese invasion" of
fishing expedition in Alaska and a return
Only an hour or SO after arriving in a
place flowers at the base of the altar at
heads of other visiting delegations at a re-
pected to, be named Prime Minister to
Cambodia.
to a resort on the coast of Georgia.
driving rain, Mr. Carter attended the
the end of the ceremony.
ception at the Akasaka Palace and paid a
In a briefing after Mr. Carter's meet-
In his brief. informal meetings with
Ohira memorial session at Nippon Budo-
At one point, a recording was played of
courtesy call on Mr. Ohira's wife, Shige-
succeed Mr. Ohira.
Japanese leaders yesterday, the Presi-
kan Hall, in a cavernous indoor sports
some of Mr. Ohira's speeches, including a
ko, at her home before retiring for the
The President's appearances and re-
ing with Mr. Hua, Jody Powell, the White
House spokesman, said the Chinese and
dent discussed very little of substance,
arena in central Tokyo. Sitting with Mr.
statement he made on May 1 during his
evening at the residence of Ambassador
marks - as well as his surprise decision
the United States shared "similar per-
according to American officials. But in
Carter in the front row were Secretary
last visit to the White House. As the voice
Mansfield, where he had dinner.
last week to come here for the memorial
spectives and concerns" about these two
his television interview, Mr. Carter went
Muskie, Ambassador Mike Mansfield and
of Mr. Ohira spoke of "freedom, democ-
Mr. Carter's decision to come here had
service - underscored the importance
developments. But he repeated that Mr.
to great lengths to stress the growing im-
Governor George R. Ariyoshi of Hawaii.
racy, justice and peace," and of coopera-
been a surprise to many, including the
the United States has come to attach to its
portance of Japanese-American rela-
tion with the United States, Mr. Carter,
Japanese, and White House aides took
Carter wanted to draw a "distinction" be-
Thirty feet from Mr. Carter, Mr. Hua sat
tween the attitudes on these specific mat-
tions. He said any differences between
with the Chinese delegation. Delegations
who had been grim-faced, grinned broad-
pains today to assert that it was not re-
relations with China and Japan at a time
lated to criticism of the President for not
of strain with the Soviet Union.
ters and any desire to be "against an-
the two countries on trade or other mat-
from more than 100 nations attended.
ly.
At the same time, Mr. Carter's re-
other nation."
ters were overshadowed by a friendship
The ceremony opened when Mr.
When it was his turn, he walked slowly
having attended President Tito's funeral.
marks about not trying to work "against"
Mr. Powell also said the two leaders re-
and closeness that was "unprecedented."
Ohira's oldest son carried the ashes of his
to the altar, nodded slightly as be passed
Apart from the diplomatic activity, the
father in as the muffled rumble of a 19-
the Ohira family, then gave another
Do you have The Times delivered?
the Russians seemed intended to meet
peated invitations to each other for visits,
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L
THE NEW YORK TIMES, FRIDAY, JULY 11, 1980
Carter, Told Captive Is to Be Freed,
David does it again, Goliath.
Calls on Iranians to Release All 53
Around th
By STEVEN R. WEISMAN
Protester Is Killed in Clash
in;
Special to The New York Times
With South African Police
ne
ANCHORAGE, July 10 - President
can officials noted that only five or six
TI
Carter, who sald he had received only
years ago It would have been unthinkable
"press reports" about the possible re-
PRETORIA, South Africa, July 10
cc
that these three countries, rivals for so
lease of Richard 1. Queen, one of the 53
(UPI) - A 40-year-old woman was shot to
Every day from Newark International Airport's
long, would be moving toward growing
death and at least a dozen people were in-
to
American hostages in Iran, told reporters
North Terminal.
friendship.
here today that the United States would
jured today in a clash between not police-
no
After Mr. Ohira's death last month
be "very thankful" if Mr. Queen was
men and blacks conducting a school boy.
M
there was disagreement within the Ad-
cott.
cl
released. But Mr. Carter added that "the
ministration about whether It was neces-
A police statement said the woman was
the
humanitarian thing to do would be to re-
sary for Mr. Carter to attend the me-
lease all the hostages immediately.
"killed by unidentified people" in the
morial service. But after Mr. Muskie
eastern Cape city of Grahamstown.
"They should have done this long ago,"
traveled to Southeast Asia and after the
Mr. Carter said of the Iranians. "I think
A spokesman for the Settlers Hospital
conference in Venice of the leading indus-
said a dozen black students were treated
it would be inappropriate for me to com-
trial nations, the President decided to
ment any further on Mr. Queen because
for head injuries after policemen swing.
make the gesture to show his support for
ing clubs attacked a crowd of more than
we don't want to say anything that might
the Asian allies.
Interfere with his release.
1,000 demonstrators. "In the case of the
By all accounts Mr. Carter felt very
Mr. Carter, wearing jeans and a sport
dead woman," the hospital spokesman
close to Mr. Ohira, who died at the age of
shirt, made his comments at Elmendorf
said, Vit looks like it was done by her own
70 of a heart attack on June 12. At the
people.
Air Force Base about a minute after re-
time of his death Mr. Ohira was under at-
turning in a helicopter from a five-hour
A police spokesman said the students
tack by many political factions in Japan
fishing trip at Clarence Lake, about 125
had gathered in a school yard in Fingo
for what Mr. Carter felt were moves to
miles northeast of here. He was accom-
Village, a black township near Grahams-
support the United States.
MOVIELAND
panied on the trip by Secretary of State
town, and refused an order to disperse
These moves had included support of
Edmund S. Muskie and the Governor of
under a Government decree banning
American economic sanctions against
Alaska, Jay S. Hammond.
gatherings of more than 10 people. Police
AT MATINEE
Iran and Afghanistan, even though the
first fired tear gas and then, with clubs
White House officials who traveled
Japanese rarely subordinate economic
with Mr. Carter to Tokyo said the Presi-
swinging, charged at the students,
considerations to political ones.
dent received word about the latest devel-
The statement said that the police fired
PRICES
no shots during the unrest. As the crowd
opment In Iran only an hour before speak-
scattered the unidentified black woman
Ing to reporters.
Tass Talks of U.S. 'Blackmail'
was found lying face down with three bul-
'WIII Be Very Thankful'
MOSCOW, July 10 (AP) - Secretary of
let wounds. The police arrested 27 black
Mr. Carter said he had received a mes-
sage while returning in his helicopter. "If
109° WAY
99
State Edmund S. Muskie's comments on
students.
the Chinese-American talks in Tokyo be-
it is true," he said of the report, "and If
tray "notes of blackmail" against the
Polish Strikes Reported
the young man is well after additional
Soviet Union, Tass said today.
treatment, of course we will be very
The official Soviet press agency said in
After Wage Disclosure
thankful.'
a commentary that Mr. Carter's meeting
WARSAW, July 10 (Reuters) - A fresh
Mr. Carter's overnight stay here came
with Prime Minister Hua Guofeng was
wave of strikes was reported in Poland
at the end of a two-day trip to Tokyo for a
aimed at Madvancing the process of
today after the Communist Party leader,
memorial service for Prime Minister
creating a U.S.-Japan-China tripartite al-
Edward Gierek, told workers they would
Masayoshi Ohira. While in Tokyo he met
liance. The formation of such an al-
have to accept higher prices and hold
with Japanese leaders and with Prime
liance, Tass said, "can seriously destabi-
back their demands for increased wages.
Minister Hua Guofeng'of China. After his
lize the situation in Asia.
Jacek Kuron, spokesman for the dissi-
comments today Mr. Carter left for
It pointed to Mr. Carter's assertion that
dent Self Defense Committee, said work
Brunswick, Ga., for a week's vacation on
strengthened U.S.-Chinese ties would not
ers had walked-out in sections of at leas
Sapelo Island off the Georgia coast.
be used against Moscow.
four factories near Warsaw and in other
LosAngeles
As they flew back to Anchorage from
"But what attracts attention is that the
parts of the country in a continuing pro
Tokyo last night, Administration officials
President's statement is directly contra-
test against higher meat prices.
asserted that Mr. Carter's trip to Tokyo,
dicted by contentions of U.S. Secretary of
Officials said earlier that the labo
or reservations, see your travel agent, Ticketron, or World's ticket
brief as it was, had been one of the most
State Edmund Muskle; in which one obvi-
situation had returned to normal follow
iters at North Terminal Newark International Airport, 201-961-
successful of his Presidency. The deci-
ously hears notes of blackmail, Tass
sion to attend the memorial for Mr.
said.
); World's ticket office, 212-489-7181; or the New York Statler Hotel,
563-4861 or 212-563-4848 Or call World Airways: 800-227-1527.
Ohira, which came as a surprise to many,
seemed genuinely to have touched the
Reagan for One-China Policy
The U.N. Today
Japanese hosts, the officials said.
DETROIT, July 10 (UPI) - Ronald
Mr. Carter's conversations with Mr.
Reagan's top foreign policy adviser said
July 11, 1980
WORLD AIRWAYS
Hua were said by the officials to have
today that as President Mr. Reagan
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
been unusually frank, informal and en-
would not change the current American
Council for Namibia - 10:30 A.M.
For people who hate to waste money,
joyable.
relationship with China and Taiwan.
and 3 P.M.
For these reasons the President de-
Richard Allen, answering questions at
ed on the New York and Pacific Stock Exchanges
cided to use the trip to re emphasize the
a news conference, said Mr. Reagan had
growing importance of Washington's
been misquoted as advocating a two-
Tickets are available at the public desk
in the main lobby, United Nations
relations with Tokyo and Peking. Ameri
China policy
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clearance centers
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