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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Backup Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13666 Folder ID Number: 13666-010 Folder Title: Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week 5/8/89 [OA 6263] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 18 7 7 Eumy Provent Si Clour PA14305.04 Scott = foitaing quotes (Smith/Wallace) PM B3 May 3, 1989 Funny Story Draft One PN 405.58 ASIAN PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ASIAN HERITAGE ROSE GARDEN MAY 8, 1989 Ladies and gentlemen, my fellow Americans. lao peng yomen (ohl fries) First, I want to say what a pleasure it is to be welcome you to the White House. I'm reminded of the Chinese proverb which says: " We meet today in a special week -- Asian Heritage Week -- and for a very special reason: To salute how the Asian community has enriched America's community -- socially, culturally, economically, spiritually. You know, in my February 9 budget speech to Congress, I quoted a Chinese writer named Lin Yutang [You-TANG]. It was Lin who once said, " " all And he also observed, " Well, today, as we proclaim this Asian Heritage Week, let me observe that I, too, have spent much of my life with Asian- in Americans. I've seen first-and, up [your close and personal, the strength of the Asian community. When Iwas we As Ambassador to China, Barbara and I came to know, and share, Asians' respect for authority, and your belief in God. And whether bicycling to the grocery, going to the Zoo, or attending a non-denominal church, we shared, and loved, your emphasis on family. Then, as now, I saw, and felt, the Asian values which lift America -- caring and discipline, love of country and belief in work. Values which today enrich our medial schools, our legal profession, our small and large businesses. My friends, you've found a better life. And you're building a better America. You're creating new jobs. And honoring your heritage by the lives you lead. For that, I thank you. And yet I challenge you, too. Together, let us show that the Promise of America is the Promise of Opportunity -- for rural and urban, native-born and foreign- born, Asian and non-Asian. Together, let us say to those left behind: "Do not despair. We will help you catch up." THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON April 17, 1989 It is a pleasure to send best wishes to everyone observing Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week 1989. The thousands of immigrants from Asia and the Pacific who braved the unknown and ventured to our nation's shores have helped to write the story of America's success. Their legacy is a proud one, marked by significant achievements in the arts, science, education, and business. Today, Asian and Pacific Americans continue to enrich our life as a nation. Your efforts to preserve the proud traditions of your ancestral homelands greatly enhance the beauty and color of American culture. Your faith, your determination and hard work, and your devotion to family life inspire men and women throughout the United States. The celebration of Asian/Pacific Heritage Week provides a welcome oppor- tunity to acknowledge the many contributions you have made to American society and to thank you for them. Barbara joins me in sending our best wishes for a most successful and enjoyable week. God bless you. ag Bush (Smith/Wallace) May 3, 1989 Draft One the ASIAN PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ASIAN HERITAGE WEEK ROSE GARDEN MONDAY, MAY 8, 1989 O Ladies and gentlemen, my fellow Americans. O You know, an Oriental proverb says, "The two words, 'peace' and 'tranquility,' are worth a thousand pieces of gold." Well, my pleasure in welcoming you to the White House would be worth a thousand times that total. O We meet as special friends, in a special week, and for a very special reason: To salute the millions of immigrants from Asia and the Pacific who braved the unknown and ventured to our shores. And whose community has enriched America's community -- socially, culturally, economically, spiritually. O Someone once told me of a restaurant in China where three American tourists walked in wearing the most outlandish safari clothes, complete with Panama hats, backpacks, videocameras, a brace of walkmans and a few Chinese phrases picked up from a stateside friend who happens to own a wok. 2 o The friends stood around looking for a waiter, and finally one asked in a loud voice: "How do we attract attention?" O My friends, as we proclaim this Asian/Pacific Heritage Week, let me observe that you haven't had to rely on outrageous attire to "attract attention." You've done it quietly, through excellence, with the values of your lives. O Those values are, of course, discipline and self- sacrifice. Humility and compassion. An abiding belief in work. A soaring love of freedom. Values which brought your parents, your grandparents, and some of you to America. Values which are now enriching America. o I think, for example, of pioneers like Gerald Tsai, Jr. of American Can. Or countless teachers who uplift our kids. Or Henry Tang and I.M. Pei. Or Sichan Siv of our White House staff. o In 1976, Sichan escaped from Cambodia, spent three months in a refugee camp in Thailand, and finally made his way to the United States. Since then, to quote his words, "I have experienced the real values of freedom, peace, prosperity, independence, and democracy. The correct spelling of these words is A-M-E-R-I-C-A." 3 My friends, he -- you -- came to find a better life. And you're finding it. You came to build a better America. And you're building it. Creating new jobs. Enhancing our medical schools, the law, our small and large businesses. In short, honoring your heritage by the lives you lead. o For that, I congratulate you. And, in a personal sense, I want to thank you, too. For as Ambassador to China, I came, with Barbara, to love that heritage. And in a different different ways -- with a thousand different friends -- to see, and share, what lies at its center: the family. o Ten weeks ago, on a trip to the Pacific Rim, Bar and I visited the non-denominational church we'd attended in Bejing. It's different now, bigger. But the values -- the heritage -- are the same. And the memories are even better. Like when our daughter Dora was baptized -- the first person to be publicly baptized in China in over 40 years. o Yes, the Asian/Pacific community has a special place in my heart. And so does an old Chinese proverb which I have often cited. It goes, "One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade.' " o For decades, Asian-Americans have planted the trees of prosperity, opportunity, and human dignity. And in coming years, 4 more than ever, I know that my children -- America's children -- will thank you for the shade. O God bless you, thank you for coming here, and God bless the United States of America. # # # # THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON April 21, 1989 Dear Friends: On behalf of President Bush, it is my pleasure to invite you to join us at the White House to witness a Presidential proclamation signing ceremony declaring the week of May 6-13 as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week, 1989. The President's proclamation marks a continuing recognition of the rich cultural heritage Americans of Asian and Pacific descent have brought to our country. President Bush knows that while all Americans unite in the love of the freedom, independence, and democracy that our country offers, it is also appropriate that Americans celebrate and promote their diverse cultural backgrounds. Shortly after the proclamation signing ceremony, you are also invited to a briefing on topics relating to Asia and the Pacific in the Old Executive Office Building. The ceremony and briefing will take place beginning at ten o'clock in the morning on Monday, May 8, 1989. If you would like to be with us, please respond by phone to (202) 456-2499 on either May 3rd or 4th between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. Because space is limited we will only be able to accomodate a limited number of guests. For purposes of security, when you call, it will be necessary for you to furnish us with the correct spelling of your first and last name as it appears on your driver's license or passport, your Social Security number, and your date of birth. On May 8th, please arrive at the White House's East Visitors Gate on East Executive Drive near the U.S. Treasury Building, no later than 9:15 a.m. In order to be admitted to this ceremony and the briefing, you are required to bring identification bearing your photograph, date of birth, and Social Security number. We look forward to having you join us for this ceremony and the briefing celebrating Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week, 1989. Sincerely, freham And Sichan Siv Deputy Assistant to the President for Public Liaison the grossy As Ambassador to China, I came, with Barbara, to know, and love, your compassion, and faith in God And in a hundred different ways -- with a thousand different friends -- we saw, and shared, your emphasis on family. O Ten weeks ago, on a trip to the Pacific Rim, Bar and I visited the non-denominational church we'd attended in Peking Bein It's different now, bigger. But the values are the same, and the memories are even better. Like when our daughter Dora was baptized -- the first person to be publicly baptized in China ivn over 40 years. jame we lifers ,Pail o My friends, then, as now, we felt the Asian values which will puder lift America -- caring and discipline, love of country and belief in work Values which today enrich our medial schools, our legal profession, our small and large businesses. sus we Geels Sicher for when your o Those values brought your parents, your grandparents, and some of you to America, They -- you -- came to find a better life. You're finding it. And you're building a better America. Creating new jobs. Forging leaders like , , and . In unals short, honoring your heritage by the lives you lead 1776 we side stevic ash Siv o pat CIVE who 6 gm THE expects inch o For that, I congratulate you. And yet I challenge you, too. Together, let us show that the Promise of America is the Promise of Opportunity -- for rural and urban, native-born and deving. is are n been wills Phoyer 5 upin Aea 149 will, 11 Nabar 'oL " Rosen DAT Rus. N clear las (an or clear pei Sirgh 19 (al lada 5 5.4 myong u i adv Cup. t foreign-born, Asian and non-Asian. Together, let us say to those left behind: "Do not despair. We will help you catch up." O And as we do, let me remind of the old Chinese proverb which goes: "One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade." O For decades, Asian-Americans have planted the trees of prosperity, opportunity, and human dignity. And in coming years, more than ever, I know that America will thank you for the shade. O God bless you, thank you for coming here, and God bless the United States of America. # # # # To promote prosperity and human dignity -- this is the meaning of Asian Heritage Week. And our enduring mission as Americans. as we do, let's recall these words of So, let us join hands together, for MA God bless you, thank you for coming here, and God bless the America that we, as one, are building. # # # # FRANK HORTON DISTRICT OFFICES: U.S. REPRESENTATIVE 314 KENNETH B. KEATING BUILDING 29TH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ROCHESTER, NY 14614 Congress of the United States (716) 263-6270 COMMITTEES: FTS-963-6270 GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS house of Representatives WAYNE COUNTY OFFICE BUILDING RANKING MINORITY MEMBER LYONS, NY 14489 POST OFFICE AND Mashington, DC 20515 CIVIL SERVICE 307 METCALF PLAZA 144 GENESEE STREET DEAN, NEW YORK April 26, 1989 AUBURN, NY 13021 REPUBLICAN DELEGATION (315) 255-1125 FTS 953-2244/953-2220 WASHINGTON OFFICE: 2229 RAYBURN BUILDING 2108 RIVERFRONT OFFICE BUILDING WASHINGTON, DC 20515 OSWEGO, NY 13126 (202) 225-4916 (315) 342-4688 RUBY G. Moy FTS 950-5344 ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Dear Mr. Siv: Enclosed is a copy of my letter to President Bush concerning the signing ceremony of Asian/ Pacific American Heritage Week. Because this week is of special significance to my office, it is my sincere hope that my request to have the Jew Family and Ms. Moy and her family be included. With best regards, Sincerely, Frank Horton rank Horton Honorable Sichan Siv Deputy Assistant to the President for Public Liaison The White House Washington, D.C. 20500 Encl. FRANK HORTON DISTRICT OFFICES: U.S. REPRESENTATIVE 314 KENNETH B. KEATING BUILDING 29TH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ROCHESTER, NY 14614 (716) 454-7490 COMMITTEES: FTS-963-6270 GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS Congress of the United States (TUESDAY ONLY) RANKING MINORITY MEMBER WAYNE COUNTY COURT HOUSE POST OFFICE AND house of Representatives 26 CHURCH STREET LYONS. NY 14489 CIVIL SERVICE Mashington, DC 20515 (315) 946-5996 CHAIRMAN, NEW YORK BIPARTISAN 307 METCALF PLAZA CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION 144 GENESEE STREET April 26, 1989 AUBURN, NY 13021 WASHINGTON OFFICE: (315) 255-1125 2108 RAYBURN BUILDING FTS 953-2222 WASHINGTON, DC 20515 (202) 225-4916 RIVERFRONT OFFICE BUILDING RUBY G. Mor OSWEGO, NY 13126 ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT (315) 342-4688 Honorable George Bush 5/2/89 The President Jeannie & Robt The White House Jew Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. President: were phoned byA Ruby Moy I was pleased to learn that the White House will have a signing ceremony and accepted declaring May 6-13 as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week. As the chief sponsor of legislation for this week, it is my hope that not only Members of Congress be invited, but those two persons most directly responsible for this legislation, Jeanie F. Jew, the creator for the idea of a commemorative week and Ruby G. Moy, Chairman, Congressional Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week Caucus, who assisted Mrs. Jew in the passage of the legislation. While many organizations continue to celebrate this week, its origins have been misstated. I wish to point out this specifically and hope your remarks on May 8 will include the following: The creation of Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week has a special and personal place for Jeanie Jew and her family. The story began some time in the 1800s when a young man, M. Y. Lee, left Canton, China to find a better life in America. Mr. Lee was one of the first Chinese pioneers to help build the Transcontinental Railroad. He later became a prominent California businessman. When Chinese immigrants were having difficulties in Oregon, he went to help and was killed during that period. The revelation about Mr. Lee and the stories of other Asian Americans led one woman to believe that not only should Asians understand their own heritage but that all Americans should know about the contributions and histories of the Asian/Pacific Americans experience in the United States. This is the chief reason why Mrs. Jew and Ms. Moy selected May 10. The creator of the idea for the Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week is the grand-daughter of that early pioneer: Jeanie Jew. In addition, Ruby G. Moy is a second generation Chinese-American and holds the highest professional level among Asians in the Congress. 451-8188 Mr. President, I hope that Mr. and Mrs. Jew and Ms. Moy will have a prominent place in your remarks on May 8 and that special seating signify their presence. With kindest personal regards, Sincerely, Tank Frank Horton FH:ela H 6304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE July 10, 1978 For years, Mrs. McQuade has worked resolution (H.J. Res. 1007) authorizing achievements tirelessly to establish Grandparents Day. should be the President to proclaim a week, which suitably She has been instrumental in Grand- honored. is to include the 7th and 10th of the parents Day designations in 25 States I will support House Joint Resolution month, during the first 10 days in May of as well as a resolution that has already 1007 and urge my colleagues to do the 1979 as "Asian/Pacific American Herit- been approved by our colleagues in the same. age Week" as amended. Senate. All of us who are now grand- Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to my The Clerk read as follows: parents, and those who will be in the colleague, the gentleman from New York H.J. RES. 1007 future, owe Mrs. McQuade a debt of (Mr. HORTON). gratitude.e Resolved by the Senate and House of Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I rise in Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have no Representatives of the United States of support of House Joint Resolution 1007, America in Congress assembled, That the further requests for time. a resolution calling upon the President of President is hereby authorized and requested Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I yield to issue during the first ten days of May of the United States to proclaim a week 3 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio 1979, which is to include the seventh and during the first 10 days in May to honor (Mr. LATTA). tenth days of the month, a proclamation Americans of Asian/Pacific heritage. (By unanimous consent, Mr. LATTA was designating the seventh day beginning on Mr. Speaker, over 2 million Americans allowed to speak out of order.) May 4, 1979, as "Asian/Pacific American can trace their ancestry to Asian/Pacific (Mr. LATTA asked and was given per- Heritage Week" and calling upon the peo- areas of the world. Their contribution to mission to revise and extend his re- ple of the United States especially the edu- the growth of the United States has been cational community to obselve such week marks.) an example for all Americans. with appropriate ceremonies and activities. INVESTIGATIONS INTO RECENT DEATHS OF TWO One year ago, Congressman NORMAN ARMY RECRUITS The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is a sec- MINETA and I set about obtaining the ond demanded. Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, on June 29, necessary 218 cosponsors of the resolu- 1978, two young Army recruits, on their Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I de- tion in order to comply with the rules of first day of basic training, died at Fort mand a second. the Post Office and Civil Service Com- Jackson, S.C. One of these recruits, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without mittee. We would like to express our Wayne A. Krassow, 18, was from Cygnet, objection, a second will be considered as gratitude to the 231 Members of the ordered. House who supported us. Ohio, which is located in my district. The other recruit was Lester T. Watts, There was no objection. I would also like to express our deepest 17, of York, S.C. Both were fine young The SPEAKER pro tempore. The appreciation to Jeanie F. Jew, chairper- gentleman from Florida (Mr. LEHMAN) son of the National Coalition for an men. Since both of these recruits were in will be recognized for 20 minutes, and Asian/Pacific American Heritage Proc- their first day of training, it is natural the gentleman from California (Mr. lamation and to Ruby G. Moy, chairper- that the Army should investigate their ROUSSELOT) will be recognized for 20 son of the Asian/Pacific Congressional minutes. Caucus, for their enthusiastic and hercu- deaths and the investigation is now going forward. I have been promised a report The Chair recognizes the gentleman lean contributions in making this proc- from Florida (Mr. LEHMAN). lamation a reality. from the Army some time today. have asked the chairman of the Com- Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield While this resolution is geared to the myself such time as I may consume. year 1979, we are hopeful that the Pres- mittee on Armed Services, the gentleman (Mr. LEHMAN asked and was given ident will see fit to proclaim such a week from Illinois, Mr. MEL PRICE, to also in- permission to revise and extend his in subsequent years. For the 2 million vestigate their deaths and the activities remarks.) of their company which immediately pre- Americans of Asian/Pacific heritage, ceded the same. At this point in time we Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, House such a commemoration is a most wel- Joint Resolution 1007 has over 235 sig- come recognition. are not certain as to what happened to natures. It was introduced by the gentle- cause these two young men to collapse Mr. Speaker, one of the greatest ele- man from California (Mr. MINETA). and die on their first day of training. We ments of our society has been its ability must have such an independent investi- Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I yield to accommodate socially, politically, and myself such time as I may consume. gation in order to establish the cause of culturally, the millions of people who Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of House their deaths beyond any doubt whatso- have come to our land from all over the Joint Resolution 1007 which authorizes world. I am pleased and proud to be as- ever. the President to proclaim a week, to in- The chairman of the committee has sociated with this resolution recognizing clude the 7th and 10th of the first 10 assured me that the Committee on Armed our Asian/Pacific brothers and sisters days of May 1979, as "Asian/Pacific Services will undertake such investiga- and urge the House to adopt the resolu- American Heritage Week." House Joint tion. tion of its own and I thank the chairman Resolution 1007 was reported unani- for this assurance. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield mously by the Post Office and Civil Serv- Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he may consume to the ice Committee on June 21. back the balance of my time. gentleman from California (Mr. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have no This resolution is consistent with pre- MINETA). further requests for time, and I yield vious resolutions which have recognized (Mr. MINETA asked and was given the contributions of black Americans back the balance of my time. permission to revise and extend his The SPEAKER pro tempore. The ques- and those of Spanish heritage. remarks.) tion is on the motion offered by the The 7th and 10th of May are especially Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, I wish to gentleman from Florida (Mr. LEHMAN) significant in the history of Asian/Pa- express my strong support for House that the House suspend the rules and cific Americans as they represent ac- Joint Resolution 1007, a resolution urg- pass the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 613) complishments and contributions to this ing the President to proclaim a week in as amended. country. May 1979 recognizing the contribution The question was taken. First. May 7, 1979, will be the 136th of over 4 million Americans of Asian/Pa- Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on anniversary of arrival of the first Japa- cific heritage. that I demand the yeas and nays. nese who immigrated to America; and Mr. Speaker, I also thank the chair- The yeas and nays were ordered. Second. May 10, 1979, will be the 110th man of this subcommittee, the gentle- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant anniversary of the driving of the Golden man from Florida (Mr. LEHMAN), and the to the provisions of clause 3 of rule Spike, signifying the contribution of the gentleman from California (Mr. Rous- XXVII and the Chair's prior announce- Chinese to the building of the first trans- SELOT), the ranking member, for their ment, further proceedings on this mo- America railroad. effort in helping us to get this resolution tion will be postponed. Asian/Pacific Americans have con- through. tributed significantly to communities all Mr. Speaker, America has been called over this Nation. In California their hard the melting pot of the world. While we ASIAN-PACIFIC AMERICAN work and dedication are recognized have opened our Nation in an unprece- HERITAGE WEEK throughout the State. Over 1.4 million dented fashion to the people from people in America trace their ancestors Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I move to throughout the world, the free society of to various parts of the Pacific an it is ap- suspend the rules and pass the joint which we are all a part has permitted propriate that this group and its a continuation of the cultural and social July 10, 1978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE H 6305 heritage of our citizens' ancestral homes. Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I So, rather than "the melting pot of the permission to revise and extend his re- yield back the balance of my time. world," this country is really more like marks and to include extraneous The SPEAKER pro tempore. The material.) tapestry with yarns of different fabrics question is on the motion offered by the and colors, interwoven to bring strength Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, this leg- gentleman from Florida (Mr. LEHMAN) to the total tapestry of our country and islation has 222 cosponsors, and is with- that the House suspend the rules and yet with its differing colors-vivid and out opposition to my knowledge. pass the joint resolution, House Joint strong, signifying the cultural and social Mr. Speaker, I have no further re- Resolution 1007, as amended. heritage of our citizens' ancestral homes. quests for time, and I yield back the The question was taken. Since the earliest days of our Repub- balance of my time. Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, on that I lic, Asian/Pacific families have contrib- Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I yield demand the yeas and nays. uted to the growth, prosperity, and sta- myself such time as I may consume. The yeas and nays were ordered. bility of the United States. It is fitting Mr. Speaker, House Joint Resolution The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant and appropriate that this contribution 773 authorizes and requests the President to clause 3 of rule XXVII, and the be recognized. Chair's prior announcement, further to proclaim the week beginning Septem- Mr. Speaker, I wish to join with my ber 17, 1978, as "National Port Week." proceedings on this motion will be post- very distinguished colleague, the gentle- poned. This resolution, with 222 cosponsors, was man from New York, Mr. FRANK HORTON, unanimously reported by the Commit- in thanking the 231 Members of the tee on Post Office and Civil Service on House who cosponsored this resolution NATIONAL PORT WEEK June 21, 1978. and urge the adoption of the resolution. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I move to No cost or inflationary impact would To my colleague, the gentleman from suspend the rules and pass the joint result from the enactment of this reso- New York (Mr. HORTON), let me express resolution (H.J. Res. 773) authorizing lution; on the contrary, we are recog- my very deep gratitude for his strong and requesting the President of the nizing the positive contribution made by help on this measure. I would also like United States to issue a proclamation our ports toward maintaining the vital to join him in recognizing the very capa- designating the 7 calendar days be- transportation network of this great ble assistance of Mrs. Jeanie F. Jew, ginning September 17, 1978, as "Na- trading Nation. chairperson of the National Coalition for tional Port Week." In California, our numerous seaports- an Asian/Pacific American Heritage The Clerk read as follows: San Diego, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Proclamation, who encouraged the en- H.J. RES. 773 Oakland, Oxnard, Redwood City, Rich- thusiastic support from national organi- mond, and San Francisco-combine with Whereas United States coastal and inland zations, which we have received for this our inland ports at Sacramento and ports make a direct and significant contri- bill, and to Ruby G. Moy, chairperson of bution to our national economic well-being; Stockton to serve both the defense of the Asian/Pacific Congressional Caucus, and the Nation and the transportation needs who guided our efforts. Whereas much of the history of the United of the busy commercial and industrial Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am States has been shaped by its ports and in- centers surrounding them. happy to support this worthwhile legis- terconnecting inland waterways and greatly I urge passage of this resolution in influenced the growth of various communi- lation which focuses attention on an tribute to the past contributions and ties; and often forgotten minority-Asian/Pa- future potential of our national ports. Whereas ports, in serving United States cific Americans. While we are a culturally waterborne commerce, generate significant Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. pluralistic society, we often have failed employment and direct dollar income to Speaker, I rise in support of this legis- to recognize the contributions and spe- the local and regional economies they serve, lation which authorizes the President cific problems of Asian/Pacific Ameri- as well as have a major impact on employ- to proclaim the week of September 17 to ment and production in areas far distant cans. 23 as "National Port Week." from their location; and As a result of a dramatic change in our Whereas United States ports provide a I represent the ports of Los Angeles immigration patterns, significant num- wide variety of services and activities essen- and Long Beach-two harbors that con- bers of Asian/Pacific Americans can be tial to the smooth and efficient conduct of tribute much to the economic develop- found in all of our major cities. While foreign trade and have & direct impact on ment of the surrounding communities. their assimilation into American society our balance of payments; and Nationally, a recent study completed has not been pain free, it has been a Whereas American ports are a vital asset for the Maritime Administration-De- mutually beneficial experience. Their in maintaining a strong posture in national partment of Commerce-showed that the security: Now, therefore, be it presence and contributions have resulted total impact of U.S. ports on the economy Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep- in a stimulating cross-fertilization of resentatives of the United States of America averaged about $153 million per day dur- cultures which makes itself evident in in Congress asembled, That the President of ing last year. art, music, literature, poetry, education, the United States is authorized and re- The study also found that the port science, and research. quested to issue a proclamation designating industry was directly and indirectly re- On the west coast Chinese architects the seven-day period beginning Septem- sponsible for: 1,046,800 jobs, or one job have designed residential and nonresi- ber 17, 1978, as "National Port Week and to in the national economy for each 600 dential structures for a biracial .clien- invite the Governors of the several States, tons of foreign waterborne commerce the chief official of local governments, and tele: Americans of Japanese background handled through ports; personal income the people of the United States to observe have made similar contributions to our such week with appropriate ceremonies and of $19.2 billion; business income totaling Nation's growth and development. Yasuo activities. $7.4 billion: Federal taxes of $10.4 bil- Kuniyoshi is represented in all the ma- lion; and State and local taxes amount- jor museums and art collections in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is a sec- ing to $4 billion. ond demanded? America. Sessue Hayakawa was one of Thus, our Nation's ports, in their role the few big names in "silent movies" to Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I de- mand a second. of transshipping cargo, contribute jobs, make the successful transition to "talk- income, and tax revenues to their com- ies." Other Asian/Pacific American com- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without munities have produced doctors, lawyers, objection, a second will be considered as munities and the Nation. I am happy to ordered. cosponsor this resolution which honors social workers, and businessmen. them. There was no objection. The assimilation of Asian/Pacific The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen- Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. Americans into our society deserves the tleman from Florida (Mr. LEHMAN) and Speaker, I rise in strong support of the special recognition provided for in this the gentleman from California (Mr. bill before the House of Representatives legislation. It is a positive step toward ROUSSELOT) will be recognized for 20 giving formal Federal recognition to the ethnic cohesiveness and understanding. minutes each. demonstration of National Port Week House Joint Resolution 1007 deserves overwhelming support. The Chair recognizes the gentleman beginning September 17 of this year. from Florida (Mr. LEHMAN). The ports of this Nation have played a Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have no further requests for time. and I yield Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker. I yield very important role in its history from myself such time as I may consume. its earliest days to the present. Over 98 back the balance of my time. (Mr. LEHMAN asked and was given percent of our foreign commerce leaves the United States through our ports. Congressional Record United States of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 95th CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 123 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 1977 No. 114 House of Representatives STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE FRANK HORTON ON THE INTRO- PACIFIC ASIAN/AMERICAN DUCTION OF THE JOINT RESOLU- HERITAGE WEEK TION TO PROCLAIM "PACIFIC ASIAN/AMERICAN HERITAGE WEEK" HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA (Mr. HORTON asked and was given OF CALIFORNIA permission to address the House for 1 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES minute and to revise and extend his re- Thursday, June 30, 1977 marks.) Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, it is with Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, today I great pleasure and gratitude that I join am honored to introduce with the dis- with my colleague from the State of New tinguished Congressman from Califor- York, Congressman FRANK HORTON, in nia, NORMAN MINETA. a resolution au- cosponsoring a resolution authorizing thorizing the President to annually issue the establishment of a "Pacific Asian/ a proclamation designating a week dur- American Heritage Week." ing the first 10 days of May as "Pacific Mr. Speaker, throughout this great Asian/American Heritage Week." The land, thousands of individuals who can proclamation would recognize the distin- trace their ancestry to countries and ter- guished contributions of Pacific Asian/ ritories in the Pacific contribute daily to Americans to the United States and its the growth and vitality of this Nation. territories. It is consistent with previous They have become a part of a nation resolutions which have recognized the which has been generous in the extension contribution of Spanish-speaking Amer- of its opportunities to people from all icans and black Americans. over the world. There is no definite date Mr. Speaker. since the country was when the first individuals of Pacific founded we have witnessed a truly re- Asian ancestry entered this country. But, markable accommodation of the social, we do know that on May 7, 1843, the first political, and cultural differences of mil- Japanese entered America and on lions of people from all over the world. May 10,1869, the Golden Spike Day, the Americans of Pacific Asian/American Chinese contributed significantly to the heritage have contributed significantly building of the railroad in this country. to their community, to their Nation, and. Since the early days of this country, to the social. scientific, economic, and Pacific Asian/Americans have strength- cultural growth of our people. Over 1.4 ened the vitality of the American family million people presently live in the and competed effectively and produc- United States whose ancestors started tively in the commercial enterprises of their lives in various parts of the Pacific the Nation. and have made outstanding world. It is only fitting that we recognize contributions to the social, scientific, eco- the contribution of many such great in- nomic, cultural. and political develop- dividuals including the cosponsor of this ment of the United States. I am pleased resolution. Representative MINETA. Other to inform this House that the National prominent Americans of Pacific Asian Coalition for a Pacific Asian/American ancestry include Senator DANIEL INOUYE: Heritage Proclamation, chaired by Mrs. Senator SPARK MATSUNAGA; Senator S. I. Jeanie F. Jew, and comprised of many HAYAKAWA: former Congresswoman associations of Pacific Asian/Americans Patsy Mink: Representative ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT of Guam; the present and the Pacific Asian Congressional Governor of Hawaii. George R. Ariyoshi; Caucus, chaired by Miss Ruby G. Moy, Mrs. March Fong Eu, secretary of state enthusiastically support our efforts to authorize the issuance of this proclama- for California; former Senator Hiram tion. Fong of Hawaii, the first Pacific Asian/ The Post Office and Civil Service Com- American to ever be a Member of Con- mittee will be able to take action in the gress. This resolution is also supported month of October, and between now and by the National Coalition for a Pacific that date, we will be seeking cosponsors Asian/American Heritage Proclamation, for the resolution so that it will be favor- chaired by Mrs. Jeanie F. Jew, and com- ably reported to the floor. I urge my col- prised of many associations of Pacific leagues to join us in support of this reso- Asian/Americans and the Pacific Asian lution, and I wish to extend to the Mem- Congressional Caucus, chaired by Miss bers who have already expressed support Ruby G. Moy. my special sense of appreciation. Mr. Speaker, we have previously sent a "Dear Colleague" to all Members of the House. To obtain approval by the Post Office and Civil Service Committee, we need 218 cosponsors in the House. I urge my colleagues to join with us in spon- (S- These are good for notable asians. See highlights. am still looking for a joke and gutang. Plett OF WHITE HOUSE REPEARCH AND GENTE AX CUIS GU GLUBAL C BUKROUGHS COUP + ASIAN AM STREET'S LLL MBER 24 986 SPECIAL REPORT AMERICA'S SUPER MINORITY Asian Americans have wasted no time laying claim to the American dream. They are smarter and better educated and make more money than everyone else. Now they are vaulting the last obstacles that stand between them and this country's corner offices. by Anthony Ramirez N THE TRUNK of Robert Nakasone's of Toys "R" Us, the $2-billion-a-year special- top posts at companies not only in Hawaii and car is a brown government-issue blan- ty retailer in Rochelle Park, New Jersey. California, where most Asians first settle, but ket. It was the blanket handed to his "I've worked very hard," says Nakasone, 38, across America's heartland from Memphis to mother when she, like thousands of oth- "and I've been very fortunate." Kalamazoo. They have high-powered jobs at er Japanese Americans, was "relocated" into Asian Americans are rising in corporate some of the best-known firms of Wall Street camps during the anti-Japanese hysteria of America faster than any other minority and Madison Avenue as well. World War II. The blanket, which Naka- group. Gerald Tsai Jr., a Chinese American, Asian immigrants, their children, and their sone's family now uses for picnics, reminds is set in January to become chairman of $2.8- grandchildren also crowd America's top uni- him of how far he has come. A graduate of billion-a-year American Can, the first Asian versities: While a scant 2% of the U.S. popu- the University of Chicago Business School, American to head a FORTUNE 500 company lation are Asian American, they account for Nakasone is president of the U.S. operations he didn't found. Asian Americans have won 12% of this year's freshman class at Harvard, A top officer of Toys "R" Us, Robert Nakasone has roots in Ridgewood, New Jersey, with his wife, Lynn, their kids, and pet rabbit April. for example, and 20% at the University of California at Berkeley. This year the Wes- tinghouse Science Talent Search, one of the country's most prestigious high school aca- demic contests, awarded all five of its top scholarships to Asians. Some 35% of Asian Americans graduate from college, twice the percentage among whites. All that education pays off spectacularly. Even though Asian Americans are generally newcomers-the majority are not descen- dants of immigrants but immigrants them- selves-they are already way ahead of the rest of the nation at the bank. According to the 1980 census, the median annual income for Asian American families was $23,600. It exceeded the level not only for the overall population ($19,900) but for whites in partic- ular ($20,800). Of the various ethnic groups Founder An Wang, right, is grooming son Frederick to run $2.4-billion Wang Laboratories. that make up the Asian American population, only Vietnamese families, with meager annu- one test to copy simple geometric forms. Interestingly, American mothers said suc- al incomes of $12,840, fell below white and Chinese and Japanese kids scored better cess was due to ability, but Asians said effort national levels (see box, page 156). than whites. And in a test of whether chil- was the key. "The willingness of Japanese dren aged 6 to 8 understood that the surface and Chinese children to work SO hard in HY IS IT that Asian Americans W of a liquid in a bottle stays horizontal wheth- school," the researchers concluded, "may be tower above the rest of the pop- er the bottle is tipped or not, Asians passed due, in part, to the stronger belief on the part ulation in both dollars and the test 43% of the time and whites 35%. of their mothers in the value of hard work." sense? Their speeded-up real- Psychologist Vernon is one of a flock of ization of the American dream is due in great social scientists who are intrigued with the MONG THE social scientists who measure to hard work, dedication to educa- riddle of how Asian Americans got SO smart. tion, a willingness to adapt to a predominant- Most of these scientists agree that the an- A think Asian American braininess is largely hereditary is Arthur Jensen, ly white culture-and, not least, to brains. swer lies in some mixture of heredity and up- a University of California psycholo- The evidence is persuasive that Asian bringing, but they tie themselves in knots gist who has published controversial studies Americans are smarter than the rest of us- arguing about the relative importance of the on the variation in intelligence by race. For the 98% of the population not from the Far two. By far the easier influence to document evidence Jensen points to the wide variety of East. Asian American children and grownups is upbringing. In the early 1980s researchers tests in which Asian Americans as a group consistently outscore whites, the population led by University of Michigan psychologist excel. Although no single test proves the as a whole, and other racial minorities on a Harold W. Stevenson studied family commit- dominance of heredity, Jensen contends that wide variety of tests that are used to assess ment to education in the native lands of the taken together the tests span such a broad intelligence, scholastic ability, and cognitive Asian immigrants. They compared school- range of skills and abilities that no large group development. Says Philip E. Vernon, a psy- children in Taipei, Taiwan; Sendai, Japan; and could ever be taught to ace all of them. Ver- chologist at the University of Calgary: Minneapolis, Minnesota, which was chosen non, on the other hand, says the issue cannot "Their intelligence can't be denied." for its predominantly white population. be resolved by social science in its current In 1980, for example, the U.S. Department Stevenson's team found that American state. "Asian Americans test better," he says, of Education found that Asian American high children spent substantially less time on aca- "because of an interaction between heredity school students got A's more often and failed demic activities, especially mathematics, and environment. You can't say it's purely ge- less than whites or any other racial group in than Chinese and Japanese children. By the netic, because there is no way to measure eight subjects, ranging from English to art. fifth grade, American children spent 19.6 what is purely genetic and what isn't." Asian Americans particularly stood out in hours of class time on academic subjects, the Whatever the source of their talent, Asian subjects requiring nonverbal skills. Similarly, Japanese 32.6 hours, and the Chinese 40.4 Americans seem sure to leave as profound a on the Scholastic Aptitude Test, which is hours. Asians did more homework: Even on mark on American society as the Irish, Ital- used to measure college potential, Asian Saturday Chinese fifth-graders toiled 83 min- ian, German, and East European immigrants Americans have the highest average math utes and Japanese 37 minutes, in contrast to of nearly a century ago. Declared a recent score-518 compared with 491 for whites. the American kids' seven minutes. study published by the Population Reference Asian Americans perform just as impres- Parents' concern about their children's Bureau, a respected, privately funded organi- sively in tests of cognitive development, de- education was measured by a commonsense zation: "America's future is likely to be in- signed to measure thinking ability rather index: Did they buy their kids a desk? Among creasingly Asian." For 20 years Asians have than how much a child has learned. U.S. fifth-graders, 98% of the Japanese and 95% been the fastest-growing minority. Today schoolchildren aged 9 to 12 were asked in of the Chinese had a desk at home, but only they number more than five million and in- REPORTER ASSOCIATE Barbara C. Loos 63% of the American kids had one. clude many ethnic groups, with Chinese, Fili- PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANDY FREEBERG NOVEMBER 24, 1986 FORTUNE 149 SPECIAL REPORT pinos, Japanese, and Vietnamese BOB SEIDEMANN and say, 'especially for an Indian.' the largest, in descending order. What do you mean 'for an Indian?' The vast majority came to America For anybody!" in the past 20 years, taking advan- American Can's chairman-elect, tage of immigration rules liberalized Jerry Tsai, wheeled and dealed his in 1965 and allowances for Indochin- way to the top. Tsai first made his ese refugees made after the fall of reputation as a hyperkinetic stock Saigon. Researchers think the Asian trader during the go-go market of American population is likely to al- the mid-1960s. In 1968 he sold the most double again by the year 2000. highflying mutual fund he had es- The astonishing economic pros- tablished to CNA Financial Corp. perity of Asian American families But after five years as a CNA exec- derives in part from immigrants' utive, Tsai tired of what he regard- success at running small business- ed as its suffocating bureaucracy. es, from Indian newsstands to He bought a tiny insurance compa- Korean greengroceries. As the im- Lured by an opportunity to manage, Filipino American David ny, then sold it to American Can in migrants' children move up the Chavez signed up at Pacific Bell straight out of engineering school. 1982, joining the manufacturer as educational ladder, they are often an executive vice president in pushed to enter professions rather than try of the $2.4-billion-a-year Wang Laboratories charge of its small financial services unit. their luck in corporations. Asian parents of in Lowell, Massachusetts, one of the nation's Within three years Tsai had invested $1 bil- aristocratic origins often view professional largest computer companies. A Harvard lion of his new employer's money in five ma- jobs as appropriately elite for their offspring, physics Ph.D., Wang worked as a lab re- jor acquisitions. Last year 55% of American in contrast to business; Asian parents of searcher at the university before starting the Can's operating earnings came from Tsai's modest means favor high-paying professions company. Shanghai-born, he had come to the side of the company. This year, at 57, Tsai like engineering and medicine as the surest U.S. in 1945 for schooling. He showed such was named chief executive officer. path to a better life for their children. Nancy promise as a scientist that the U.S. govern- Shanghai-born Peter Huang, 51, is equally Chen, a marketing representative with IBM, ment asked him to become a citizen. adroit at making deals. A Stanford engineer- recounts how she bucked her parents' wish- ing graduate and Columbia MBA, Huang got es in pursuing a corporate career. "They said IRJANG LAL TANDON, born in In- S his start organizing large urban-renewal it was too risky to go into sales, and wanted dia, also came to the U.S. for his edu- projects in New York City. In 1966 City In- me to be a doctor," she says. "My parents cation and ended up staying. He vesting, an old-line commercial real estate felt they took all the risks when they came to founded Tandon Corp., a maker of company with annual revenues of $8 million, the U.S. so I wouldn't have to." computer disk drives and personal comput- hired him to analyze merger and acquisition Pioneers like Chen blazing trails in corpo- ers, in 1975 with $7,000 in savings. "Ambi- opportunities. Huang helped build the com- rate America encounter the same hazards tion is what brought immigrants to the pany into an empire whose revenues topped any minority group faces. Some of the obsta- United States," says Tandon, 44. Now his $6 billion in 1984 and whose stock climbed cles are external barriers of racism and ste- company has annual revenues of $270 mil- from $7 to $33. Then, to take advantage of reotypes; some derive from genuine cultural lion. Adds Tandon: "People say, 'Your suc- tax law wrinkles, City Investing liquidated it- differences and leave corporations mystified cess is an incredible story,' then they pause self, a move that increased the value of the about how to get the most out of shares by a third. Last year, with these talented employees. The age Born in India, Sirjang Lal Tandon came to the U.S. for an the liquidation in its final stages, of the Asian American is only begin- education and stayed to found $270-million-a-year Tandon Corp. Huang resigned from the compa- ning to dawn in the corporation. ny's No. 2 spot. He took around Their numbers at the top are still $10 million in severance and re- disproportionately small: A scant tired, temporarily at least, to the ski 0.5%-or 159 out of 29,000-of the slopes of Sun Valley, Idaho. officers and directors of the na- With his sights on helping run a tion's 1,000 largest companies have big retailer, Nakasone of Toys "R" Asian surnames. Of dozens of Asian Us began his career at Jewel Cos., a American managers interviewed by Chicago-based operator of food and FORTUNE, only a handful have al- drug stores. At 26 he was the youn- ready arrived. The majority are gest manager ever to make vice striving, convinced, in the best president. By the time Toys "R" Us American tradition, that with recruited him 13 years later, Naka- brains, ambition, and hard work sone was boss of Jewel's second- they will win. largest food division. Stunning successes have been Nakasone attributes his success scored by Asian American entre- in part to the emphasis his parents preneurs and dealmakers. The placed on blending into a white- most famous is An Wang, founder dominated society. After their re- 152 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 24, 1986 UCLA sociology professor and Japanese American: "The American stereotype of an American still is white. I think even when Asian Americans are young, they begin to recognize very, very quickly that they don't have that qualification." Indeed, Asian Amer- icans say they are attracted to comparatively solo professions like engineering partly be- cause they regard these as careers where performance is judged objectively. Not SO with general management at large corpora- tions, where criteria such as white skin and membership in an old-boy network can come into play. China-born Gerald Tsai, chairman-elect of American Can, first made his mark trading stocks. HE FRUSTRATIONS and successes of David Lee illustrate these con- lease from a World War II internment camp, neighborhood in San Francisco with plenty of cerns. A China-born mechanical engi- they settled in the virtually all-white South- other Chinese around. His immigrant father neer, Lee in 1969 helped found Diablo ern California town of Sunland-Tujunga to encouraged the children by speaking English Systems, now a major maker of computer raise their family. "They made a very con- at home. "This is one area of the country printers in Silicon Valley. A few years later scious choice-and I'm glad they did-to not where you can speak Chinese all the time, Xerox Corp. bought Diablo, and Lee stayed live in a predominantly Oriental community," shop at Chinese grocery stores, eat at Chi- on as a manager. But he was stunned when a says Nakasone, "because it wouldn't be rep- nese restaurants-and stay Chinese forev- white boss was brought in over his head. A resentative of what we kids would face when er," says the 32-year-old Wong. "But my Xerox spokesman says, "Race had nothing we went out into the real world." Unlike Na- father wanted me to be able to succeed in to do with Lee's situation." But Lee con- kasone, Brian Wong, executive vice presi- non-Asian society. tends, "They didn't think I was good enough dent of Worlds of Wonder, a highflying To some degree, race is an issue with all to be a manager for them." Fremont, California, toymaker with 1985 Asian Americans, no matter how thoroughly Lee and other disenchanted engineers left revenues of $93 million, grew up in a mixed assimilated they are. Says Harry Kitano, a to start Qume, another computer-printer company. It later diversified successfully into manufacturing disk drives and personal THE SUPER MINORITY'S POOR COUSINS computers. After a few years Qume was bought by ITT; this time around Lee was in- vited to stay as president. Under his leader- Some Asian immigrants arrived woeful- mired in poverty and unemployment. ship Qume grew from $143 million in sales to ly ill equipped for life in the U.S. and have Among refugees, mostly Indochinese, $320 million in three years. ITT promoted not shared in the buoyant success of who have settled in California in the past Lee to group executive vice president and other Asian Americans. Refugees from three years, more than 90% are on wel- soon afterward asked him to move to head- Indochina-Vietnamese, Laotians, and fare. Part of the problem, says Berkeley quarters in New York. Kampucheans-are by far the poorest research scientist Jacqueline Desbarats, But Lee rejected the assignment and soon group. When South Vietnam fell in 1975, is that it doesn't pay for refugees with afterward resigned. He says he was con- the first to flee came from among Indo- families to work. A full-time job at the vinced that, despite his rapid rise, there was china's elite. More than 30% of these im- minimum wage pays less than $600 a no room at the top of ITT for an Asian Amer- migrants held professional or managerial month, while welfare pays a family of four ican. "To have an Asian American run ITT, jobs. They know Western culture, if not $850, plus substantial medical benefits. that's just impossible," he says. "Therefore English, because of the long French colo- To prod the refugees out of dependency, it wasn't worth it to uproot my family from nization, and have thrived. an experimental project lets them go to California." With a rueful laugh he adds, "I But after 1976 there came a second work without losing the medical benefits. think like an American and I act like an Amer- wave more representative of Indochina's Indochinese refugees may eventually ican. It's just that I don't look like an Ameri- overall population, mostly poorly educat- solve their problem themselves by becom- can." ITT denies that Lee encountered ed fishermen and farmers. A few, such as ing assimilated. A federal study found that racism. "At the time," says a spokesman, the Hmong tribe from the hills of Laos, the longer Indochinese live in the U.S., the "we had the highest percentage of minority were illiterate even in their own lan- more fluent they become in English and vice presidents of any major company." Lee, guage. "The Hmong stand out like Appa- the more they earn. Moreover, following a 49, now runs yet another fast-growing Sili- lachian whites," says Darrel Montero, a classic pattern of Asian American adapta- con Valley electronics company. social work professor at Arizona State tion, the Vietnamese are forming mutual Many Asian Americans say they have run University. He and other experts worry aid societies to help themselves launch into racial and cultural barriers. Roy Yama- that second-wave refugees may remain their own small businesses. hiro, 58, a human resources manager at Mar- tin Marietta's Denver office, felt his career 156 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 24, 1986 SPECIAL REPORT had stalled despite widely praised work in his tor in Yamahiro's career at the company. arena. In Jerry Tsai's case, it was a tough, field. Yamahiro pioneered the use of the Out- Upward-bound Asian American execu- outspoken Boston Brahmin named Edward ward Bound survival school to train corpo- tives have discovered that the quick way to C. Johnson Jr. who hired him as a stock ana- rate executives in teamwork. After 12 years neutralize racial prejudice is to find a white lyst. When Tsai asked for money to start a at Martin Marietta, Yamahiro eagerly pro- mentor willing to ignore ethnicity and con- mutual fund whose aggressive stock trading duced his résumé when headhunters sought centrate on talent. In the case of Peter was to revolutionize Wall Street money man- him out. He now is vice president of human Huang at City Investing, it was Chairman agement, Johnson replied with a blunt, resources development at Federal Express George T. Scharffenberger. He plucked "Here's your $250,000 and your rope." An- in Memphis. Martin Marietta denies that Huang from the world of urban renewal and swered Tsai: "I'll take it." race or cultural background was ever a fac- brought him into the commercial real estate Finding a mentor is especially important at FOR WOMEN, GETTING HIRED IS THE EASY PART "It's a double-edged sword being Asian American and a wom- tor of public affairs for AT&T International; attributes her suc- an," says June Yee, 29, a senior associate at Booz-Allen Hamil- cess to her diplomas. When she began angling for upper- ton. Of the 18 successful Asian American women FORTUNE management responsibility in 1979, AT&T told her that the job interviewed, nearly all believed that their double minority status she wanted required an MBA; her economics Ph.D. wasn't both helped and hindered their careers. The women had an enough. Rather than protest, Lai, who as a child had the best test edge, even over their Asian male counterparts, in landing entry- scores in her Taiwan elementary school, won an AT&T-spon- level management jobs. But getting beyond that required re- sored fellowship at MIT's Sloan School of Management. After sourcefulness. Being female and Asian, the women said, could graduation she came back to get the post she wanted. stall a well-earned promotion or even kill an aspirant's chance Armed with an MBA from Simmons College in Boston, Sally for entering the inner circle. Tsiang wanted no more The Asian American wom- school. She applied for oper- en claim one psychological ating jobs at major corpora- advantage over other women tions, hoping to avoid having on the fast track. Their Asian to go through a training pro- heritage makes them less gram. At Chemical Bank she susceptible to supermom caught the attention of Rob- syndrome, the burnout that ert Lipp, a fast-rising execu- threatens women who strug- tive vice president who was gle to reconcile family roles willing to give her an area to with career aspirations. "In manage. "He said, 'As long as Asian culture there is no con- you show you're able to do it, cept of mom taking care of the opportunity is yours,' everything," says Shirley Tsiang recalls. Lipp kept his Young, 51, the Shanghai-born word. For the next ten years president of Grey Strategic he moved his protégée Marketing, a subsidiary of through a series of promo- Grey Advertising. She has tions from operations to retail long relied on nannies to tend Shirley Young was passed over but finally won at Grey Advertising. to brokerage. Last year her three sons. Tsiang thought it time to es- But Young's Asian upbringing also made it hard for her to tablish her own identity. She landed job as a vice president in the master the all-American art of self-promotion. A Phi Beta Kappa mortgage-backed securities unit of Drexel Burnham Lambert. from Wellesley, Young worked in the ad agency's research orga- To Doreen Yat, 30, an account supervisor at Ogilvy & Mather, nization for ten years, rising all the way to the second spot. Then her smartest move has been "picking an industry and a company her progress stopped. A succession of white men from outside where race and gender aren't an issue." Race and gender may were appointed department head and then promoted out as have tripped up another woman, a vice president in a large finan- Young stood by unprotestingly. "I didn't assert myself and say, cial services company. She told FORTUNE that her path to a poli- 'Hey, that job is rightfully mine,' Young recalls. "That's being cymaking job was blocked because she didn't get along with the Asian. My motto was always underpromise and overdeliver." company's old boys. "I'm not one of the inner circle. To them I'm Fed up with the job, Young finally made the profoundly Ameri- a 5-foot 3-inch Chinese lady, even though I'm a fourth-generation can move of quitting. After nine months the research unit was in American," she says. A female manager at a communications disarray, and Grey recruited Young back in the top spot. company was almost undone by a similar problem when a power- Most Asian American women succeed by adapting: enlisting ful but prejudiced top manager blocked a promotion. She was white male mentors as champions, zeroing in on open-minded rescued by her immediate boss. He pushed the promotion firms, loading up with impressive credentials. Lily Lai, 42, direc- through while the top guy was on vacation. - Barbara C. Loos 160 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 24, 1986 to dismiss Asian Americans as technicians too narrowly trained and docile to ever cut it as executives. Asian women, moreover, of- ten must contend with both racist and sexist stereotypes (see box, page 160). A number of the managers interviewed by FORTUNE believe Asian Americans are them- selves partly responsible for their lack of ad- vancement. There is truth, they say, to stereotypes used to discount Asian Ameri- Gastave cans' executive aptitude. "I can see why a lot of Asians don't get in the managerial side," says Paul Lin, a vice president at Watkins Johnson, a $250-million-a-year electronics firm in Palo Alto, California. "Asians, from a people standpoint, aren't open. That's a big Asian faces fill this business class at MIT, where one out of 14 students is Asian American. problem when you're trying to become a manager." such old-line institutions as commercial ment program despite his lack of business Asian Americans sabotage themselves banks. Leo Au, a 1976 Harvard Business education. "I chose Pacific Bell to learn the because they are culturally conditioned to School graduate, felt himself going stale after things I never could have picked up staying be humble, says Byron Kunisawa, a minor- a few years on the finance staff of Pitts- in a technical position," Chavez says. Similar- ity consultant at the Multi-Cultural Re- burgh's Mellon Bank. His boss, Jay Roy, told ly Chong Y. Yoon, 53, a Korean American, source Center in San Francisco. In his Au that he had a problem. He was doing fine earned a Ph.D. in chemical engineering at view, being humble is broadcasting one's in his job but was rotten at giving presenta- MIT but wished he could be a manager. Up- talents on the wrong wavelength. While tions. Roy had the bank bring in a moonlight- john, the Kalamazoo, Michigan, pharmaceuti- Asian Americans act patient in the office ing speech professor to coach him. Now cal giant, helped him out. "Upjohn wanted because they believe "that good work will senior vice president in charge of the bank's me to have the opportunity," says Yoon. win out," he says, "companies are seeing securities trading and sales operations, Au "There was no problem with my lack of an only passivity." says the lessons helped reignite his career. MBA. Here performance determines who Some companies go out of their way to gets ahead." Today Yoon is a corporate vice ONSULTANTS like Kunisawa main- make it easy for Asian Americans to switch president. tain that to get promotions Asian from technical careers to the management Racial prejudice in corporations makes ex- Americans have to learn more about fast track. David Chavez, a 24-year-old Filipi- periences like Yoon's a rarity, believes Wil- promoting themselves. The consul- no American, took advantage of such an liam Ouchi, a professor of management at tants also have standard advice for corpora- opportunity at Pacific Bell, an $8-billion-a- UCLA who has studied the progress of Asian tions eager to develop promising Asian year subsidiary of Pacific Telesis. An electri- Americans in business. "Younger managers Americans. They say employers ought to un- cal engineering graduate from the California may be in the pipeline to the top," Ouchi hesitatingly point out the deficiencies hold- Institute of Technology, Chavez was recruit- says, "but the pipeline has a cork." In ing young managers back, such as poor ed for the company's accelerated manage- Ouchi's view many white managers are quick pronunciation, and offer remedial training. Tied for first, Wei-Jing Zhu and Wendy Chung rejoice at the 1986 Westinghouse science contest. But David Wang, a China-born senior vice president at International Paper Co., says MARK PORTLAND Asian Americans aren't counting on being mollycoddled. "You can't wait for your boss to help," he says. Wang thinks it inevitable that Asian Americans will master the social and political skills they need in corporate life, just as they have excelled at all the other tough lessons of immigration. If that is so, Asian American achievers will ultimately oc- cupy a disproportionate share of the coun- try's corner offices. Their effect on U.S. business is likely to be profound, as tradition- al American values such as the work ethic, promotion by merit, and self-reliance gain a powerful new constituency. The arrival of Asian Americans could herald a revitalized corporate environment-one that no strait- laced Yankee businessman would have diffi- culty recognizing as home. cixem you A Chinics Nagazin NOVEMBER 30,1986/SECTIO RESEARCH WHITE HOUSE HOUSE GENTER Clockwis rom top John Bob Grah Jesse Hel Pat Rober Sam Nun Jac DELIVERING THE SOUTH Seven Who Could Make the Difference in '88 BY R.W.APPLE JR. Keds UKO SAKIMURA Michele Maier E ESSENCE OF DANCE Ceramic Sculpture CARLYN GALLERY, INC. Avenue at 85th Street, New York, NY 10028 AM to 6PM Monday through Saturday 212.879.0003 oleon The Great A Necessary Addition To The Office Of A Top Corporate Executive Invincible in battle, su- ADAMJ STOLTMAN/DUOMO preme force motivating the unification of Europe, Jay Yang with his daughter Coco. Asian-Americans thrive by transplanting old values. Napoleon spread the democratic creed to all countries of the world. We offer a perfect, mu- seum-quality, original, authentic, hand-made oil reproduction of the famous Simon de Gerard painting of the great Italian condot- WHY ASIANS tiero now in the Palazzo Pitti in Florience. reproduces Napoleon at the summit of his th of the painting is probably $20,000.00. We 250.00 for it. Size 24"x30". Frame extra. famous colour catalog $25.00. Amount refundable. Commissions accepted. SUCCEED HERE umiani. The Classical Arts, P.O. Box 4526 N.M. 87196. (505-843-7749) "I GOT THE FEELING I WAS VISITING AN NGLISH DUKE'S HOME." NEW YORK MAGAZINE-9/29/86 By Robert B. Oxnam Asian immigrants have achieved. A sub- stantial proportion are "elite immigrants" glish who have brought with them college de- HANK GOD FOR THE ASIANS," grees and career experience. Perhaps 1 exclaims an earnest middle-aged never before in American history have so ques man from Westchester County. many talented immigrants arrived and "They're bringing back standards to gained middle-class status in such a short entre our schools. And they're so success- span of time. "The new Asian-Americans ful in small businesses. It's all hap- have leapfrogged," says Alice Young, an pened overnight. How do you explain it?" international lawyer of Chinese extrac- Inion 8 South Fourth Streets As head of the Asia Society, I hear that 1, New York 12534 518-828-7855 tion. "They have achieved in one genera- question often as I travel the country. It is tion what used to require two to three gen- prompted, in part, by the enormous num- erations for European immigrants." ber of Asian-Americans who have come The story of these new immigrants goes here since United States immigration laws far beyond the high school valedictorians were liberalized in 1965. In just two dec- and Westinghouse Science scholars we ades, the number of Americans of Asian read about in our newspapers. It is the extraction has quintupled, to more than story of a broader cultural interaction, a Advertisers call five million people. pairing of old Asian values with American Yet more impressive than the numbers individualism, Asian work ethics with has been the remarkable success many American entrepreneurship. And, where 556-7409 those cultural elements have collided, it Robert B. Oxnam is president of the Asia has also been a story of sharp disappoint- Society, a nonprofit cultural and educa- ments and frustration. tional organization based in New York. While all immigrants confront the chal- IN INC York NY 10022 172 JOHN OLSON/GAMMA-LIAISON I.M. Pei at New York's Javits Center, designed by his firm. "The first priority for Americans is to learn more about Asia." lenge of cultural adjustment, Japan and Vietnam is Confu- image of the Protestant have done remarkably well in those who have recently ar- cianism. Strong Confucian ethic." America, many occupy lower rived from Asia have often legacies are still evident in A substantial minority of rungs on the socioeconomic displayed a special capacity Chinese bureaucracy, Japa- Asian-Americans comes ladder than do most other for adapting ancient values to nese industrial organizations from non-Confucian soci- Asian immigrants. new circumstances. and the lives of Korean and eties. But they, too, bring with Vietnamese-American im- E Westerners often think of Vietnamese families. them a heritage that has migrants, who now number modern history as a struggle Confucius himself, who helped them to flourish in more than 600,000, bring with between the forces of tradi- lived in China some 2,500 America. The half-million them a particularly complex JS™ tion and modernization. years ago, would have been Americans of Indian extrac- heritage. On one hand, Viet- Asians tend to see a different pleased at the modern-day tion, for instance, boast the nam had a long history of nes dynamic in which past and success of his ideas. A highest median family in- Confucian influences prior to present often reinforce each scholar and frustrated office- comes of any Asian ethnic its recent century of French other. Asian societies have seeker, Confucius was trying group. Indian traditions are colonialism, searing warfare selectively adapted their to find principles that would much more diffuse and reli- and, now, Communist control. traditions to meet the needs bring order to a chaotic and gious than the secular and On the other hand, the Viet- of contemporary economic war-torn society. His teach- structured inheritances from namese and the other Indoch- progress and political inte- ings formed a powerful pack- East Asian societies. Never- inese immigrants are the gration. age that emphasized hierar- theless the majority of Indian only true refugees among the Culture, in this respect, is chy, discipline, family, hard immigrants are highly moti- recent wave of Asians who at the heart of Asia's soaring work and, above all, educa- vated and represent the out- have come to America. As a growth. And the success of tion. flowing of skilled profession- result of that disadvantage, many Asian-Americans is a Well over half of today's als known as the "brain Vietnamese-American in- direct manifestation of that Asian-Americans come from drain" phenomenon. "Indian comes remain the lowest of same powerful Asian process societies with Confucian and Chinese traditions are to- any Asian immigrant group, of cultural transformation backgrounds. They are not tally different in Asia," sug- even though Vietnamese chil- and continuity. importing a classical tradi- gests Mehli M. Mistri, a sen- dren often do well at school "I am never quite able to tion, but rather a set of vis- ior vice president at Citibank. and their parents have fre- convince people that I did not ceral values refined over gen- "But somehow when Asians quently established profit- suffer culture shock when I erations of experience. "Con- bring these values to Amer- able small businesses. arrived in the United States," fucianism is an ethical code ica, the bottom line is very observes the computer entre- and not a religion," com- similar. It adds up to family, ERHAPS THE MOST preneur An Wang, who ments Wan-go Weng, the just- education, discipline and founded Wang Laboratories, hard work." P striking characteristic retired president of the China shared by all Asian cul- ilse in his recent autobiography. Institute in America, "and a Filipino-Americans, who tures is their deep respect for ger, "People insist that I must lot of it works in an American now number over one million, education. "When Asians And have been overwhelmed by context." constitute the largest group come to America," observes oth the things that make Amer- John Brademas, a Greek- of Asian immigrants outside the home-fashion designer also ica different from China - American who is president of the Confucian and Indian cul- Jay Yang, "first they want the wealth, the people, even New York University, ob- tural spheres. The Philip- the green card for them- 1.99 the food. But this is simply serves, "When I look at our pines has a multi-layered his- selves, then the green book not true. I look for the simi- Asian-American students, I tory with tribal, Spanish and bag for their children." Re- larities between cultures, not am certain that much of their American influences. This cent studies indicate that the differences." success is due to Confucian- unique hybrid culture has Asian students spend much The most pervasive ancient ism. And the more I see of tended to make their Amer- more time on homework than tradition that still infuses the Confucianism in action, the ican experiences rather other students. 23 societies of China, Korea, more I think it is the mirror mixed. While some Filipinos (Continued on Page 88) Coffee, One of America's Available Now From Society. "We are arrogant ASIAN-AMERICANS enough to say that we can ca. adapt to anything. The Chi- nese might say it differently. Continued from Page 75 They would probably say that they are arrogant enough to In many Asian families, adds, "But we see ourselves make anything adapt to education seems almost an as successful. We are work- them. But we both see our- obsession. "When I was sec- ing for the dream of our chil- selves as No. 1." ond-highest on a test," recalls dren's generation. Other Asian-Americans also ob- Agnes Lin, now a professor of things must wait." serve, sometimes vehement- educational psychology at The Asian-American devo- ly, that there is much in their sity of French roasted beans is blended New York University, "my tion to work may also reflect inherited traditions that does agy Vienna roast for a rich, complex es- father scolded me for not Asian attitudes toward the not mesh well with American carbon bitterness associated with dark trying hard enough. When I budgeting of personal time. society. acked for guaranteed freshness. was first, he said the test was Americans who travel to One enduring Confucian too easy." Rajan Viswana- giving Coffee, espresso beans covered Asia are surprised to find of- virtue is that of modesty or than, who has pursued his fices open on Saturdays and nocolate. The package is decorated with reserve. The "inferior" in any education at colleges in New dismayed that key business relationship - such as a stu- 1 wood cut. York and Maryland, ob- meetings are sometimes con- dent or a woman was ex- :, 1-800-221-7714. In NY call 212-431-1691. Or, serves that many Indians and vened over weekends. Henry pected to hold back émotions. d send to: DEAN & DELUCA Mail Order, 110 Pakistanis spend their entire S. Tang, a Wall Street invest- "When I go back to China," 012. Ask for our catalog of over 650 food and kit- days on campus, from 8 A.M. ment banker and president of notes Agnes Lin, "they say to to 11 P.M., just to escape the Chinatown Planning me, 'You're too open.' In ds and beans also available at: parental discipline. "Some- Council, notes that the con- China, if you know 100 per- JCA DEAN & CO. times," he says, "the pres- cepts of a "weekend" and the cent, you only show 30 per- t. 79 Newtown Lane sure is so tough that it gets in "Sabbath" both come from cent. In America, you try to 12 East Hampton, NY 11937 the way of good grades." the West and that most pretend it's 120 percent!" Dr. The strong family ties and Asians do not make such a Lin worries that this kind of & DELUCA powerful work ethics of Asian clear-cut division between excessive modesty some- cultures are key factors in work and play. times leads Americans to ORDER SERVICE Asian-American achieve- Another factor helps ex- think that Asians are "in- ment. Members of the Choi plain the unprecedented take- scrutable." She explains that Choc. Beans 10 oz. $10.00 Catalog $2 family, Koreans who sur- off of many Asian-Amer- it can also lead to discrimina- (Delivered) (free with purchase) vived some initial hostility to icans. With the prominent ex- tion, since Asians may seem set up a profitable greengro- ception of the Indochinese, less ready to respond to cery on New York's Park most Asians are not refugees slights or offenses. State Zip Avenue, have labored incred- in the classic sense. As a re- Some Asian-Americans, MasterCard Visa Check ible hours - often 18 hours a sult, Asian immigrants seem particularly those in artistic Exp. Date day, seven days a week in less concerned with rejecting fields, worry about a tension the eight years since they left their past than with reaffirm- between the American em- Seoul. "We are somewhat ing elements of that past in a phasis on creativity and the overqualified for what we new setting. Pride seems a Asian emphasis on discipline. do," acknowledges Kyu-Sung stronger motivation than es- "Some Asian students vate Psychiatric Facility Choi, "since I have a B.A. and cape for them, and frequently come to Juilliard and they my wife an M.A." His wife, one detects thinly veiled ex- just go crazy," says the pian- Sung-Bok Choi, who wants to pressions of nationalism. ist Ken Noda. "They have OOD HOSPITAL, New York City's return to her career as a ric facility, located on six beautifully "We Indians are arrogant," been so disciplined that they es, is a 100-bed acute facility for painter someday, hastily admits Somi Roy of the Asia have to let go. Actually the ; of age and older. PROGRAMS offer the optimum com- ological, psychosocial, and rehabilita- of psychiatric care: HIATRIC ADOLESCENT AND PSYCHIATRIC DUAL DIAGNOSIS (psychiatric illness and addictive diseases) E HOLLISWOOD HOSPITAL Palermo Street, Holliswood, NY 11423 (718) 776-8181 Science A: Times covers the 99 world of science the sq. $4.95 way The VISA New York Times covers the world. BILL BALLENBERG Raian Viswanathan at the University of Marviand The pressure to excel at is best music is a strange dia- not entirely fictional. A 1985- directly when she decided to Vietnamese are very entre- loss of 'face,' that keeps them logue between a dead com- Equal Employment Oppor- leave the "isolation" of sci- preneurial and that many from talking to a shrink." poser and a live musician. tunity Commission report in- ence to pursue a career in have made good incomes The most pervasive worry You can't have that dialogue dicates that Asian-Amer- Asian studies. Ms. Chang, since coming to the United among Asian-Americans is if you're too caught up in icans constitute 4.1 percent of who now works as an editor States. "But there's a price," that they have been typecast technique or too caught up in the professionals and 3.2 per- at the Asia Society, recalls she notes. "Most of the busi- as superstars who achieve your own emotions." cent of the technicians öf pri- her debates with several Chi- ness is with other Vietnam- wonders in a few limited vate companies, but only 1.4 nese language professors ese. It's a miniature Viet- fields, particularly science Cho-Liang Lin, the violinist, percent of the managers. who tried in vain to steer her namese economy including and mathematics. "When I agrees: "Lots of Asians have been so well trained in tech- Discrimination and racism away from fields that de- everything from banking to was in high school," says certainly account for part of manded high proficiency in food to real estate. It sets Richard Mei Jr., an assistant nique that they are absolutely perfect. Unfortunately, what this discrepancy. But another English. limits on what people can be- to New York's Mayor Koch. part may be explained by dif- As a group, Asian-Amer- come in life." "I once got a 65 on a math they play makes sound, not music." ficulties that Asians experi- icans present a picture of af- Asians often feel caught in quiz. The teacher scolded me, ence in adapting to the spe- fluence and economic suc- a vise - between the pres- 'You're Chinese! You're sup- Many Asians complain that cial demands of American cess. According to the 1980 sures of their traditions and posed to be good in math.' academic success is followed corporate culture. Asian census, the median income of the pressures of trying to Mr. Mei has pursued a career by occupational disappoint- businesses tend to be highly Asian-American families is make it in America. Some- in foreign affairs and public ment. Henry Tang says structured, and successful $23,600, while the median in- times they respond with service in order to break out wryly, "The youth track can employees are those who con- come of white American fam- humor as they draw parallels of the stereotype. Peter be spectacular and satisfy- tribute to building consensus iles is $20,800. The statistics to other immigrant groups. Wang, who has a Ph.D. in ing. The career track is usu- through loyalty and reserve. become less rosy, however, "There are a lot of similari- physics from the University ally less satisfying and often The more aggressive Amer- when one realizes that 63 per- ties between Chinese and of Pennsylvania, overcame very frustrating." ican business style, empha- cent of Asian families have Jews," jokes Peter Wang. self-doubt and family pres- The film director Peter sizing individuality and inno- two or more wage earners as "Our mothers lay on the sures in making the switch tc Wang captured this frustra- vation, is simply not in the compared to only 55 percent worst guilt trips. And we're film directing. "Images do tion dramatically in his Asian tradition. of white families. Thus many both not very good at basket- mold us," says Mr. Wang movie. "The Great Wall." The English language also Asian-American families are ball." "Blacks and athletics. Asians When the film's leading char- represents a hurdle for many in fact working units in which But more often the tensions and academics. We've got to acter, a computer engineer Asian immigrants in profes- the individual worker's re- are hidden. "It's very difficult change the images." named Leo Fang, is passed sional life. Lack of fluency turn may be quite low. to get Asians to admit to Ginger Lew, a Washingtor over for a promotion, the creates barriers to employ- Another limiting factor is problems of mental illness," attorney and former Deput: white manager explains that ment and promotion. It also that a substantial segment of asserts Carmencita Quesada Assistant Secretary of State the decision was based prin- prompts some Asian-Amer- the Asian-American econ- Fulgado of St. John's Univer- is adamant on the matter cipally on age. Leo Fang re- icans to select fields which omy is confined to Asian im- sity, a Philippine-born career "The 'model minority' myti torts: "You don't believe a place less of a premium on migrants themselves. Dao counselor who is chairman of is just that. It's a myth and : Chinaman is good enough to language. Eileen D. Chang, a Spencer, a Vietnamese- the Asian American Mental dangerous one. It's not true it be the director." Westinghouse Science winner American consultant and re- Health Services. "Most terms of income or status Leo Fang's experience is in 1979, confronted this issue searcher, observes that the Asians feel a kind of shame, a (Continued on Page 92 We have mouths to feed. The Humane Society of New York, for over { years, has been giving city dogs and cats the foo care, the medical attention their lives depend We love what we do, but it takes more than love non-profit organization, your dollars are the dollars that allow us to help the city's needy ani: Please help us keep our doors open. The Humane Society of New I want to help city dogs and cats. Here is my contribution of $ Name Address City State Zip The Humane Society of New York Animal Clinic and Adoption Center sic is a strange dia- not entirely fictional. A 1985- directly when she decided to Vietnamese are very entre- loss of 'face,' that keeps them tween a dead com- Equal Employment Oppor- leave the "isolation" of sci- preneurial and that many from talking to a shrink." id a live musician. tunity Commission report in- ence to pursue a career in have made good incomes The most pervasive worry t have that dialogue dicates that Asian-Amer- Asian studies. Ms. Chang, since coming to the United among Asian-Americans is too caught up in icans constitute 4.1 percent of who now works as an editor States. "But there's a price," that they have been typecast e or too caught up in the professionals and 3.2 per- at the Asia Society, recalls she notes. "Most of the busi- as superstars who achieve emotions." cent of the technicians öf pri- her debates with several Chi- ness is with other Vietnam- wonders in a few limited vate companies, but only 1.4 nese language professors ese. It's a miniature Viet- fields, particularly science ang Lin, the violinist, percent of the managers. who tried in vain to steer her namese economy including and mathematics. "When I 'Lots of Asians have well trained in tech- Discrimination and racism away from fields that de- everything from banking to was in high school," says food to real estate. It sets Richard Mei Jr., an assistant it they are absolutely certainly account for part of manded high proficiency in Unfortunately, what this discrepancy. But another English. limits on what people can be- to New York's Mayor Koch. part may be explained by dif- As a group, Asian-Amer- come in life." "I once got a 65 on a math y makes sound, not ficulties that Asians experi- icans present a picture of af- Asians often feel caught in quiz. The teacher scolded me, ence in adapting to the spe- fluence and economic suc- a vise - between the pres- 'You're Chinese! You're sup- Asians complain that cial demands of American cess. According to the 1980 sures of their traditions and posed to be good in math." ic success is followed ipational disappoint- corporate culture. Asian census, the median income of the pressures of trying to Mr. Mei has pursued a career businesses tend to be highly Asian-American families is make it in America. Some- in foreign affairs and public Henry Tang says structured, and successful $23,600, while the median in- times they respond with service in order to break out The youth track can employees are those who con- come of white American fam- humor as they draw parallels of the stereotype. Peter tacular and satisfy- tribute to building consensus iles is $20,800. The statistics to other immigrant groups. Wang, who has a Ph.D. in career track is usu- through loyalty and reserve. become less rosy, however, "There are a lot of similari- physics from the University satisfying and often The more aggressive Amer- when one realizes that 63 per- ties between Chinese and of Pennsylvania, overcame strating." ican business style, empha- cent of Asian families have Jews," jokes Peter Wang. self-doubt and family pres- film director Peter sizing individuality and inno- two or more wage earners as "Our mothers lay on the sures in making the switch to aptured this frustra- vation, is simply not in the compared to only 55 percent worst guilt trips. And we're film directing. "Images do ramatically in his Asian tradition. of white families. Thus many both not very good at basket- mold us," says Mr. Wang. "The Great Wall." The English language also Asian-American families are ball." "Blacks and athletics. Asians le film's leading char- represents a hurdle for many in fact working units in which But more often the tensions and academics. We've got to 1 computer engineer. Asian immigrants in profes- the individual worker's re- are hidden. "It's very difficult change the images." Leo Fang, is passed sional life. Lack of fluency turn may be quite low. to get Asians to admit to Ginger Lew, a Washington or a promotion, the creates barriers to employ- Another limiting factor is problems of mental illness," attorney and former Deputy ianager explains that ment and promotion. It also that a substantial segment of asserts Carmencita Quesada Assistant Secretary of State, ision was based prin- prompts some Asian-Amer- the Asian-American econ- Fulgado of St. John's Univer- is adamant on the matter: on age. Leo Fang re- icans to select fields which omy is confined to Asian im- sity, a Philippine-born career "The 'model minority' myth 'You don't believe a place less of a premium on migrants themselves. Dao counselor who is chairman of is just that. It's a myth and a ian is good enough to language. Eileen D. Chang, a Spencer, a Vietnamese- the Asian American Mental dangerous one. It's not true in irector." Westinghouse Science winner American consultant and re- Health Services. "Most terms of income or status. Fang's experience is in 1979, confronted this issue searcher, observes that the Asians feel a kind of shame, a (Continued on Page 92) We have mouths to feed. The Humane Society of New York, for over 80 years, has been giving city dogs and cats the food, the care, the medical attention their lives depend on. We love what we do, but it takes more than love. As a non-profit organization, your dollars are the only dollars that allow us to help the city's needy animals. Please help us keep our doors open. The Humane Society of New York I want to help city dogs and cats. Here is my contribution of $ Name Address City State Zip The Humane Society of New York ^ A Thin ASIAN-AMERICANS Big! Continued from Page 89 Stereotypes, whether positive traditions, which have or negative, are a disservice yielded substantial success, to the community." and seeking broader influ- ence through assimilation. T HE CONCLUSION OF Mrs. Choi speaks fretfully: the contemporary "I'm really worried about my Asian-American story daughters. Of course, I want cannot yet be written. The them to be American. But not BIG situation is too fluid, the num- too American." bers are still growing. By the Non-Asian Americans also year 2000, it is expected that face a cultural challenge. there will be another dou- Asia has always been at the bling in the Asian-American periphery of our mental population, to 10 million or maps a place of war, of BOLD more. By that point, virtually mystery and, more recently, every major American city is of trade. Now, prompted in likely to have a substantial part by the growing promi- Asian population. Many will nence of Asian-Americans, be new immigrants, offering comprehending Asia is no both an infusion of talent and longer a luxury. BEAUTIF competition for employment. I.M. Pei, the renowned Chi- The rapid influx of Asians nese-American architect, ex- has opened a new chapter in presses it well as he leans American immigration histo- back in his chair and looks ry. Asians are proving, often thoughtfully through owlish in unprecedented ways, that horn-rimmed glasses. "Peo- foreign values can flourish on ple must realize that there American soil. Americans BIG SUCCESS. really isn't such a thing as an are proving, with some dis- Asian-American," he says. THE NATION'S turbing exceptions, that im- "There are Chinese, Koreans, migration does not neces- LEADING MAGA2 Japanese, Vietnamese, In- sarily lead to exclusion and dians and so forth. So many IN ADVERTISING discrimination. different cultures. So many The future contains a cul- IN 1985.* different experiences. We tural challenge for Asians need to understand their dif- and non-Asians alike. Many ferences and complexities, Asians are likely to confront their successes and failures. BOLD DELIVER a troubling dilemma as they The first priority for Amer- SYSTEM. WITH TH try to find a middle ground icans is to learn more about between preserving Asian AUTHORITATIVE. Asia." PRESTIGIOUS NEW YORK TIMES Solutions to Last Week's Puzzles EVERY SUNDAY. 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Pencils, giant C A A A Timex Watches-over 70 unique APRIL RELEGATED collectibles and gifts priced $3.50 TOLK E The to $300. Call to order, or for catalog: EVERYBODY RIDES (212) 995.7300 Time (Smith/Wallace) May 4, 1989 Draft Three ASIAN PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ASIAN HERITAGE WEEK ROSE GARDEN MONDAY, MAY 8, 1989 O Ladies and gentlemen, my fellow Americans. O You know, an Oriental proverb says, "The two words, 'peace' and 'tranquility,' are worth a thousand pieces of gold." Well, my pleasure in welcoming you to the White House would be worth a thousand times that total. O We gather today in a special week -- Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week. Yesterday marked the 146th anniversary Congressional Recerd of the day the first Japanese immigrated to America. And 6/50/77 Wednesday celebrates the 120th birthday of an event Chinese- Americans made possible -- the driving of the Golden Spike to complete the first Transcontinental Railroad. O We meet, too, as special friends. And, in particular, I want to thank three people. Jeanie Jew, who created the idea for this week and is the grand-daughter of a Chinese pioneer who Horton helped build that railroad. Frank Horton, the chief sponsor of Letter the Heritage Week legislation. And Ruby Moy, Chairman of the Congressional Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week Caucus. 2 O Perhaps most of all, we assemble here for a special reason: To salute the millions of immigrants from Asia and the Pacific who braved the unknown and ventured to our shores. And to salute a community which has enriched America's community -- socially, culturally, economically, spiritually. O Someone once told me of a restaurant in China where three American tourists walked in wearing the most outlandish safari clothes, complete with Panama hats, backpacks, videocameras, a brace of walkmans and a few Chinese phrases picked up from a stateside friend who happens to own a wok. O The friends stood around looking for a waiter, and finally one asked in a loud voice: "How do we attract attention?" O Ladies and gentlemen, that's one way to "attract attention.' But as we proclaim this Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week, let me observe that you have chosen another way. You've done it quietly, through excellence, with the values of your lives. O Those values are, of course, discipline and self- sacrifice. Humility and compassion. An abiding belief in work. A soaring love of freedom. Values which brought your parents, 3 your grandparents, and some of you to America. Values which are now uplifting America. o I think, for example, of pioneers like Gerald Tsai, Jr. newsweek of American Can Or Jenlan Gee [Jen-lane JEE], the California Teacher of the Year. Or Henry Tang and I.M. Pei. Or Sichan Siv of our White House staff. X O In 1976, Sichan escaped from Cambodia, spent three months in a refugee çamp in Thailand, and finally made his way to the United States. Since then, to quote his words, "I have experienced the real values of freedom, peace, prosperity, independence, and democracy. The correct spelling of these words is A-M-E-R-I-C-A." O My friends, he -- you -- came to find a better life. And you're finding it. You came to build a better America. And you're building it. Creating new jobs. Enhancing our medical schools, the law, our small and large businesses. In short, honoring your heritage by the lives you lead. o For that, I congratulate you. And, in a personal sense, I want to thank you, too. For as Ambassador to China, I came, with Barbara, to love that heritage. And in countless ways -- with countless friends -- to see, and share, what lies at its center: the family. 4 + O Ten weeks ago, on a trip to the Pacific Rim, Barbara and I visited the non-denominational church we'd attended in Bejing. It's different now, bigger. But the values -- the heritage -- are the same. And the memories are even better. Like when our Manof X + X daughter Dora was baptized -- the first person to be publicly Fategrity 4 of X baptized in China in over 40 years. O Yes, the Asian/Pacific community has a special place in my heart. And so does an old Chinese proverb which I have often cited. It goes, "One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade. " O For decades, Asian-Americans have planted the trees of prosperity, opportunity, and human dignity. And in coming years, more than ever, I know that my children -- America's children -- will thank you for the shade. O God bless you, thank you for coming here, and God bless the United States of America. # # # # 5-DIGIT 20503 888 7004 888 84 7 DE87 DC2-R PRESIDENT EXEC OFFICE 726 JACKSON PL NW P00601Y 3220 EOPW LL5G02 WASHINGTON DC 20503 9 19 piracy? Maj. Gen Richard Secord an to the He Link TV Hearings глио -uel the the at the at First Witness ПА A Close-Up Close Up Look STORY May 166 1987 35 $2.00 ECORD RES EARCH CENTER AND WHITE OUSE SP LEBRARY I The Soap Opera Goes On JIM AND TAMMY (0) B U S N E S S A Superminority' Tops Out Asian-Americans confront job discrimination-and struggle to fit in enry S. Tang bitterly remembers finish school they're going to hit a wall." Street. But that image has a downside: a H the day a corporate recruiter Asians say the wall is racism. Once hired, reputation for quiet achievement can be took him aside and said, "I'm Asian workers complain, they soon "top interpreted as passivity. Bosses frequent- really doing you a favor." No, he out," reaching the point beyond which ly cite language deficiencies when deny- wasn't going to give him a job. their bosses will not promote them. Asians ing promotions, but workers suspect that Instead, he told Tang to give up on his made up 4.3 percent of professionals and stereotyping is at the bottom of more than company-"We prefer to hire American technicians but just 1.4 percent of officials a few cases. Says Arthur Hu, an MIT grad- nationals." Tang stumbled into a phone and managers in 1985, according to the uate who studies Asian-American demo- booth and sat there stunned, choking back EEOC. "Discrimination has to be part of graphics: "They're seen as weaker, less tears. It would not be the last time. Five the explanation," says Robert Oxnam, capable of handling people. You know, more companies that rejected Tang for ex- president of The Asia Society in New York. real men aren't engineers or geeks with ecutive-track jobs hinted that race was a Many of the Asians' problems actually glasses playing the violin." Betty Vetter, factor. Twenty years later, the Shearson stem from their image as a "superminor- executive director of the Commission on Lehman Brothers senior vice president ity." To a large extent the stereotype rings Professionals in Science and Technology, won't reveal the companies that shunned true: the Confucian heritage of discipline, dismisses such talk with a rhetorical him. "They are all my clients now," he says family, hard work and education can be question about the Japanese: "If they with a satisfied smile. seen from Korean groceries to Wall don't make good managers, how in the The "favor" of telling Tang to look else- where would invite a lawsuit today. Asians now feel discrimination's sting in more subtle ways. While employers readily snap up young Asians, promotions into upper management are rare. In the past, Asians who felt exploited rarely even complained. That's changing. Some, like Nelvin Gee, sue. The former General Motors engineer is demanding $4 million after the company passed him over for a fast-track fellowship. (According to court documents, a GM inter- viewer judged Gee to be more committed to himself than to the corporation.) Profes- sionals aren't the only protesters: more than 100 Vietnamese Circle K conven- ience-store clerks in Houston took their fight against alleged anti-Vietnamese lay- offs to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 'Hit a wall': It seems Americans have al- ways felt some enmity toward Asians. The latest reasons: the U.S. trade deficit with Japan and Asians' relentless work habits. Though Asian-Americans certainly have not suffered the same magnitude of work- place discrimination as blacks, a 1986 re- port by the Commission on Civil Rights concluded: "Anti-Asian activity in the form of violence, vandalism, harassment and in- timidation continues to occur across the nation." As their presence increases-dou- bling to 10 million by the end of the century (chart)-Asians fear a flood of college-age youths will face increasing discrimination when they reach the work force. Boston lawyer Harry Yee says he hears Asian college kids say, "We're Yuppies now; we just don't have BMW's yet." Yee warns, MARIO RUIZ "These students don't know. When they No more tears: Investment banker Henry Tang in his office at Shearson Lehman 48 NEWSWEEK MAY 11, 1987 world did they get SO far ahead of us?" 20001 Asians often accept at least partial An Influx of New Immigrants 9.9 blame for their troubles. "If you don't make it," explains Ronald Chin, president of the A 11 members of the superminority are not 1990* Asian Management and Business Associa- superearners-especially the recent influx of Asian Indian tion, "it's basically your fault." Common poorly educated, rural Indochinese immigrants. 6.5 $18,707 job mistakes include focusing solely on nar- row tasks instead of getting broad experi- Asian Americans in the 1980 Japanese ence. Socially, Asians too often confine United States $16,829 themselves to an Asian subculture and IN MILLIONS Chinese shun chitchat. "We don't play enough 1970 3.5 White 1960 $15,753 golf," jokes Marisa Chuang, a Detroit men- $15,572 e tal-health administrator. Korean 0.9 1.4 When Asians do feel wronged, cultural Filipino $14,224 conditioning pressures them to avoid con- Income by Ethnic Group $13,690 frontation. Many Asians face adversity FULL-TIME AMERICAN WORKERS, with what the Japanese call gambare: sim- MEDIAN ANNUAL INCOME** ply doing one's best. Many would rather Viet- Hispanic switch than fight, moving to another com- Black namese $11,650 pany or launching their own-though some $11,327 $11,641 *PROJECTIONS *1980 CENSUS DATA BLUMRICH SOURCE: POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU, INC. NEWSWEEK would chafe under any boss's yoke. One entrepreneur, Moon H. Yuen, realized after 27 years at engineering giant Bechtel that he was unlikely to rise above the rank of employer for power-generation projects. despite good work evaluations. She said she chief electrical engineer. So he launched Now, turning the other cheek is going out of was fired for complaining; her suit has not YEI Engineers Inc. Over the past 10 years style, says Yoshio Fujiwara, who helped yet come to trial. RKO counters that it has his company has occasionally outbid his old Toyota and General Motors create their no set manager's salary. joint effort in Fremont, Calif., when he was Many Asians find a less expensive path a city councilman. Says Fujiwara: "The than the courts: making themselves more coming generation will be more prone to attractive to American business. In part fight back when they are slapped." this means going beyond narrow technical The fighting has already begun. Some training. Asian students now pursue pro- Asians even sue-a sure sign of American- fessions ranging from finance to fine arts. ization. Most work grievances used to in- Filmmaker Peter Wang, who plays an ex- volve enforcing minimum-wage laws; now ecutive who stalks out of his office after more than half of the 125 discrimination being passed over for a promotion in his"A complaints heard each year at San Fran- Great Wall," urges parents to nurture cre- cisco's Chinese for Affirmative Action, a ativity: "Leave these kids alone let them Chinatown community organization, come dream." Young Asians are also getting bet- from white-collar workers. In New York, ter at fitting in. Soo Kounne, 26, started as a Lourdes Avelino, a Filipino, was a manager secretary at Chemical Bank in New York of equal-employment opportunity at RKO. and quickly jumped to assistant manager. "If they had told me I had to dye my hair She doesn't limit her circle of friends to blond, I would have," she says. She found Asians and says she has never encountered YEi she made $10,000 less than white managers discrimination. Like every immigrant group, Asians may pay a price for main- Secret of my success: Entrepreneur Yuen stream success. Each new generation risks (left), Kounne (foreground) and friends becoming, as Asians say, "bananas," yel- JAMES D. WILSON-NEWSWEEK MARIO RUIZ low on the outside and white on the inside. Kounne says it is possible to have success and a heritage: "I call myself Korean, but I'm still Korean-American." Untapped resources: Companies, too, try to right past wrongs. Thousands of AT&T em- ployees have attended workshops that boost Asian workers' office skills and en- gage managers and workers in group dis- cussion. Companies don't do it out of chari- ty. With Asian nations becoming ever more powerful in the global economy, the lan- guage skills and cultural backgrounds of Asians are resources too important to leave untapped. For U.S. firms, it may provide the competitive edge they need. JOHN SCHWARTZ in New York with GEORGE RAINE in San Francisco, KATE ROBINS in Boston and bureau reports NEWSWEEK MAY 11, 1987 49 U.K., Geum, Fra, It, Jup, can, american asian Heritage Week. - Chrise Writer Lin Jang 3014 stats on Asian American progress Chinese or Orcental Proverb - Enriched 3014 names of outstanding Asians it this country anther Wang maybe -asian Desh 675 5150 - 6803 for Donovan Census - fudy Banister - 763-7662 4012 Melinda Kitchel-Education Mary Crawford 732-83020 nuruk May 11 87 109:48-49 Fortune Nov 2486 NYTMay N30 86 P72 Interg Michelle Easton/5404 Ph. Deltakapper Mw 80 having woldt 752-5412 John Barth Intergov. (al. Teacher Teacher Jen-lane - " Comm Innauz ration Ceremory Gee at Fed Hall Modesto, cal thresline Sipherd School Elementary -Cal. Teacher of th year. fenlane Gee - Chinese