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Memorial Day Ceremony/American Cemetery/Nettuno, Italy 5/28/89 [OA 6265] [2]
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323152478
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Memorial Day Ceremony/American Cemetery/Nettuno, Italy 5/28/89 [OA 6265] [2]
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13670-007
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13670
Folder ID Number:
13670-007
Folder Title:
Memorial Day Ceremony/American Cemetery/Nettuno, Italy 5/28/89 [OA 6265] [2]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
19
1
4
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01a. Fax
Cover Sheet; Message from President Francesco Cossiga of
05/23/89
P-1, (b)(1)
Italy to POTUS, re: U.S.S. Iowa condolence message. (1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File, Backup
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Memorial Day Ceremony/ American Cemetery/ Nettuno, Italy 5/28/89 [2]
Date Closed:
9/30/2004
OA/ID Number:
06265
FOIA/SYS Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2004-2265-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
MR Case #:
Appeal Case #:
MR Disposition:
Appeal Disposition:
Disposition Date:
Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between 4he President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01b. Fax
President Francesco Cossiga of Italy to POTUS, re U.S.S.
05/23/89
P-1, (b)(1)
Iowa condonlence message. (3 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File, Backup
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Memorial Day Ceremony/ American Cemetery/ Nettuno, Italy 5/28/89 [2]
Date Closed:
9/30/2004
OA/ID Number:
06265
FOIA/SYS Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2004-2265-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
MR Case #:
Appeal Case #:
MR Disposition:
Appeal Disposition:
Disposition Date:
Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Doc. No. / Type
Subject/Title
Date
Restriction
Classification
01a. Fax
Cover Sheet; Message from President Francesco Cossiga of Italy
05/23/89
P-1, (b)(1)
to POTUS, re: U.S.S. Iowa condolence message. (1 pp.)
01b. Fax
President Francesco Cossiga of Italy to POTUS, re U.S.S. Iowa
05/23/89
P-1, (b)(1)
condonlence message. (3 pp.)
Page 1 of 1
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File, Backup
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Memorial Day Ceremony/ American Cemetery/ Nettuno, Italy 5/28/89 [2]
Pinksheet Number:
RML1486
OA/ID Number:
06265
Date Closed:
9/30/2004
FOIA/Sys Case #:
Processed by: Matt Lee
Re-review Case #:
2004-2265-S
Processed by: Matt Lee
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Processed by:
WITHDRAWAL SHEET
(GEORGE BUSH LIBRARY)
DOCUMENT
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
NO.AND TYPE
1.cover
Francesco Cossiga to the President (4 pp.)
5/23/89
P-1, F-1
sheet
RE: U.S.S. Iowa Condolence Message
"C"
w/attach
-ments
2.letter
Mrs. Donna Sue (Kaspervik) Sweet to Secretary to the
6/6/89
P-6, F-6
President (1 page)
RE: President Bush's Speech Concerning Her Father
COLLECTION Bush Presidential Records
Office of Speechwriting
FILE LOCATION Speech File - Backup
Memorial Day Ceremony/American Cemetery/Nettuno, Italy [2]closed by JGP
5/28/89 [OA 6265] Box 16
6/18/96
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204 (a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a) (1) of the PRA]
F-1 National security classified information [(b) (1) of the FIOA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a) (2) of the PRA]
F-2 Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
agency [(b) (2) of the FOIA]
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a) (3) of the PRA]
F-3 Release would violate O Federal statute [(b) (3) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
financial information [(a) (4) of the PRA
F-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
information [(b) (4) of the FOIA]
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and
his advisors, or between such advisors [a) (5) of the PRA
F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(b) (6) of the FOIA]
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy [(a) (6) of the PRA
F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b) (7) of the FOIA]
C, gift. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
F-8 Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
financial institutions [(b) (8) of the FOIA]
F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
concerning wells ((b) (9) of the FOIA
05/23/89 11:10
8 202 462 3605 ITALPRESS WASH.
01
EMBASSY OF ITALY
PRESS OFFICE
AMBASCIATA D'ITALIA
UFFICIO STAMPA
TELEFAX MESSAGE
MESSAGGIO VIA TELEFAX
Date
Time
Data: 23 maggio, 1989
Ora: 11:10
Number of Pages (Including Cover)
Numero Pagine (Copertina Inclusa) : 4
Deliver to
Recapitare a: Mr. Robert Simon, The White House.
Tel.: (202) 456-7750
Ref.: Iowa Condolence Message from the President of the Republic
of Italy
Telefax Number
Numero Telefax: (202) 456-6218
From
Da:
Cons. Fabio Fabbri, Press Office, Embassy of Italy,
Washington, D.C.
AMBASCIATA D'ITALIA
1601 FULLER STREET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20007
Telephone: (202) 328-5760 Telefax: (202) 462-3605
If all pages are not received or if any are illegible, please
call back at once.
Se non tutte le pagine vengono trasmesse oppure se risultano
illeggibili, si prega di richiamare immediatamente.
05/23/89 11:10
8 202 462 3605 ITALPRESS WASH.
02
E/6
Ambasciata d Italia
Washington
04027
April 21, 1989
Dear W12. President,
I have the honor to convey a message addressed to you by the
President of the Republic of Italy, Francesco Cossiga, along with
an unofficial translation of the text.
I take this opportunity to express to you, Mr. President,
the assurances of my highest consideration and esteem.
Yours sincerely,
Paolo Tolo Janni
Charge' d'Affaires a.i.
The President
The White House
Washington D.C.
05/23/89 11:10
8 202 462 3605 ITALPRESS WASH.
03
Ambasciata d Italia
Washington
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION OF THE MESSAGE ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT
OF THE UNITED STATES, GEORGE BUSH, BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF ITALY, FRANCESCO COSSIGA.
"I was deeply saddened by the news of the tragic fire on
board the battleship Iowa, which caused the loss of so many
lives. On this sad occasion I wish to convey to you, in the name
of the Italian people and on my own behalf, the most heartfelt
feelings of sympathy for the tragic loss which has struck your
country and I ask you to extend these sentiments to the families
of the victims.
Francesco Cossiga"
05/23/89 11:11
8 202
462 3605
ITALPRESS WASH.
04
Ambasciata d Italia
Washington
MESSAGGIO INDIRISZATO AL PRESIDENTE DEGLI STATI UNITI, GEORGE
BUSH, DAL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA ITALIANA, FRANCESCO
COSSIGA.
La notisia del tragico incendio, avvenuto a bordo della
corassata Iowa, che ha provocato la perdita di tante vite umane,
mi ha profondamente addolorato.
In questa circostanza, desidero farle pervenire, a nome del
popolo italiano . mio personale,
i sensi della piu' profonda
partecipasione al grave lutto
che ha colpito il suo paese,
pregandola di rendersi interprete
di questi sentimenti presso i
familiari delle vittime.
Francesco Cossiga
Date
ROUTING AND TRANSMITTAL SLIP
May 9, 1989
TO: (Name, office symbol, room number,
Initials
Date
building, Agency/Post)
1. Mr. Bob Simon
2. Presidential Speechwriter
111 Old Executive Office B uilding
3. Washington, DC 20500
4.
5.
Action
File
Note and Return
Approval
For Clearance
Per Conversation
As Requested
For Correction
Prepare Reply
Circulate
For Your Information
See Me
Comment
Investigate
Signature
Coordination
Justify
REMARKS
Enclosed are the following:
(1) short histories of Army divisions
which participated in the Italian campaigns;
(2) bibliographies covering the Fifth and
Seventh United States Armies copied from
John B. Wilson, Armies, Corps, Divisions and
Separate Brigades;
(3) the concluding chapter from LTC Chester
G. Starr, From Salerno to the Alps A History
of the Fifth Army, 1943-1945;
(4) a list of Medal of Honor winners in
the Italian campaigns and selected citations;
(5) a copy of the Wilson book.
DO NOT use this form as a RECORD of approvals, concurrences. disposals,
clearances. and similar actions
FROM: (Name, org. symbol, Agency/Post)
Room No.-Bldg.
4133 Pulaski
)
Karl E. Cocke
Phone No.
Staff Support Branch
272-0313
5041-102
OPTIONAL FORM 41 (Rev. 7-76)
GU.S. G.P.O. 1983-414-517
Prescribed by GSA
FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.206
1ST ARMORED DIVISION (Regular Army)
HISTORY: The 1st Armored Division ("Old Ironsides") was originally organized at
Ft Knox, Ky., 1 Mar 1932 as the 7th Cavalry Brigade which on 15 Jul 40 was redesig-
nated the 1st Armored Division. The Division continued to train at Ft Knox, and
took part in the Louisiana maneuvers (May 40 and Sep 41) and in the Carolina
maneuvers (Oct to Dec 41). In Apr 42, the Division was transferred to Ft Dix, N.J.,
where it received additional training before leaving the New York port of embar-
kation, 11 May 42, for overseas duty.
DATE OF: Activation
-
1 Mar 1932
Inactivation - 26 Apr 1946, at Camp Kilmer, N.J.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Tunisia, Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno, North Apennines,
and Po Valley.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Bruce Magruder
-
Jul 40 to Mar 42
Maj Gen Orlando Ward
-
Mar 42 to Apr 43
Maj Gen Ernest N Harmon
-
Apr 43 to Jul 44
Maj Gen Vernon E Prichard -
Jul 44 to Sep 45
Maj Gen Roderick R Allen
-
Sep 45 to Jan 46
Brig Gen Hobart R Gay
-
Feb 46 to Apr 46
COMBAT CHRONICLE: Elements of the 1st Armored Division first went into action in
the North African invasion, landing at Oran 8 Nov 42 and taking the city. The
Division fought numerous actions in North Africa, at Maknassy, El Guettar, Gafsa,
and Kasserine Pass, and engaged in the final campaign to reduce enemy resistance in
Tunisia, occupying Mateur 3 May 43. The Division was then reorganized in French
Morocco. Elements took part in the initial landings at Salerno and Paestum, Italy,
9 Sep 43, while other elements took part in the fighting near the Rapido River in
mid-Dec 43. Units under a Task Force Allen attacked and seized Mt Porchia, 4-9
Jan 44, suffering heavy casualties. The Division was then switched to the Anzio
beachhead, first elements landing 24 Jan 44, where they repulsed heavy counter-
attacks and maintained defensive positions for four months, building up for the
final breakthrough 23 Vay 44. The Division drove through and north of Rome, moving
200 miles in five days. It continued to fight its way northward through successive
defensive and offensive actions, crossed the Arno 1 Sep 44 and engaged in the slow,
bitter advance through the Apennines. The Division broke through into the Po Valley
in Apr 45, took Milan 30 Apr, and was driving north to Cigliano when German forces
in Italy capitulated 2 May 45. The Division thereupon engaged in occupational
duties and became part of the Army of Occupation until 16 Apr 46, when it sailed
for home.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - One
Distinguished Unit Citations - Three
2
enclose/
1ST INFANTRY DIVISION (Regular Army)
HISTORY: This Division ("Fighting First" or "The Red One") is the oldest Infantry
Division in the Army today. It was activated 24 May 1917, assembled at the New
York port of embarkation in June, and completed its arrival in France 22 Dec 1917.
The lst Division was the first to arrive in France, first to suffer casualties,
first to enter Germany, and first to cross the Rhine. It saw action in the
Sommerviller, Ansauville, Lucey, and Saizerais sectors in Lorraine, the Cantigny
sector in Picardy, and took part in the Vontdidier-Noyon defensive and Aisne-Marne,
St Mihiel, and Veuse-Argonne operations. After the Armistice, the Division became
part of the Army of Occupation. It returned to the U.S. in Sep 1919. Its perman-
ent station was Ft Hamilton, N.Y. until Feb 41, when it was transferred to Ft
Devens, Mass. The Division took part in the Louisiana maneuvers in May 40 and in
the Carolina maneuvers Oct-Nov 41. In Feb 42, the Division went to Camp Blanding,
Fla. for additional training, and later (Jun 42) to Indiantown Gap, Penn. The
Division departed New York 2 Aug 42 for Scotland.
DATE OF: Activation - 24 May 1917; at present on occupation duty, Germany.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Tunisia, Sicily, Normandy, Northern France,
Rhineland, Ardennes, and Central Europe.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Donald Cubbison
- Jul 41 to May 42
Maj Gen Terry Allen
- Jun 42 to Jul 43
Maj Gen Clarence R Huebner
- Jul 43 to Dec 44
Maj Gen Clift Andrus
- Dec 44 to May 46
Maj Gen Frank W Milburn
- May 46 to present
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The First Infantry Division saw its first combat in World War
II in North Africa, landing at Oran, and taking part in the initial fighting, 8-10
Nov 42. Elements then took part in see-saw combat at Maktar, Medjez el Bab,
Kasserine Pass, Gafsa, El Guettar, Beja, and Mateur, 21 Jan - 9 May 43, helping
secure Tunisia. The First was the first ashore in the invasion of Sicily, 10 Jul
43; it fought a series of short, fierce battles on the island's tortuous terrain.
When that campaign was over, the Division returned to England to prepare for the
Normandy invasion, Oct 43-Jun 44. The First hit Omaha Beach on D-Day, 6 Jun 44,
some units suffering 30% casualties in the first hour and secured Formigny and
Caumont in the beachhead. The Division ollowed up the St Lo breakthrough with an
attack on Marigny, 27 Jul 44, and then drove across France in a continuous offens-
ive, reaching the German border at Aachen in Sept. The Division laid siege to
Aachen, taking the city after a direct assault, 21 Oct 44. The First then attacked
east of Aachen through Hurtgen Forest, driving to the Roer, and moved to a rest
area 7 Dec for its first real rest in six months' combat, when the von Rundstedt
offensive suddenly broke loose, 16 Dec. The Division raced to the Ardennes, and
fighting continuously 17 Dec 44 - 28 Jan 45, helped blunt and turn back the German
offensive. Thereupon, the Division attacked and again breached the Siegfried Line,
fought across the Roer 23 Feb 45, and drove on to the Rhine, crossing at the
Remagen bridgehead, 15-16 Mar 45. The Division broke out of the bridgehead, took
part in the encirclement of the Ruhr pocket, captured Paderborn, pushed through
the Harz Mts, and was in Czechoslovakia, at Kinsperk, Sangerberg, and Vnichov,
when the war in Europe ended.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor -
Fifteen
Distinguished Unit Citations
-
Twenty
Presidentia.
FOREIGN AWARDS: One; Belgian Fourragere.
4
2D ARMORED DIVISION (Regular Army)
HISTORY: The 2d Armored Division ("Hell on Wheels") was activated in July 1940
and first trained at Ft Benning, Ga. It was one of the pioneers of the Army's
Armored Command, developing and testing armored tactics and doctrines. During
1941 the Division took part in maneuvers in Louisiana and the Carolinas. It
received amphibious training in Aug 42 off the Carolina coast under the Atlantic
Fleet Amphibious Force and then moved to Ft Bragg, N.C., Nov 42. The Division
left N.Y. for overseas duty, 11 Dec 42.
DATE OF: Activation - 15 July 1940; at present stationed at Camp Hood, Texas.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Sicily, Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland,
Ardennes, Central Europe.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Charles L Scott
- Jul 40 to Jan 41
Maj Gen George S Patton, Jr.
- Jan 41 to Feb 42
Maj Gen Willis D Crittenberger
- Feb 42 to Jul 42
Maj Gen Ernest N Harmon
- Jul 42 to Apr 43
Maj Gen Hugh J Gaffey
- May 43 to Apr 44
Maj Gen Edward H Brooks
- Apr 44 to Sep 44
Vaj Gen Ernest N Harmon
- Sep 44 to Jan 45
Maj Gen Isaac D White
- Jan 45 to Aug 45
Maj Gen John M Devine
- Aug 45 to Oct 46
Maj Gen Leland S Hobbs
- Oct 46 to
COMBAT CHRONICLE: Elements of the Division first saw action in North Africa,
landing at Casablanca, 8 Nov 42, and later taking part in the fighting at Beja,
Tunisia, but the Division as a whole did not enter combat until the invasion
of Sicily, when it made an assault landing at Gela, 10 Jul 43. The Division
saw action at Butera, Campobello, and Palermo. After the Sicilian campaign,
the Division trained in England for the cross$Channel invasion, landed in
Normandy D plus 3, 9 Jun 44, and went into action in the vicinity of Carentan.
The Division raced across France in July and August, leading the drive of the
Infantry, drove through Belgium and attacked across the Albert Canal 13 Sep 44,
crossing the German border at Schimmert, 18 Sep to take up defensive positions
near Geilenkirchen. On 3 Oct, the Division launched an attack on the Siegfried
Line from Marienberg, broke through, crossed the Wurm River and seized
Puffendorf 16 Nov and Barmen 28 Nov. The Division was holding positions on the
Roer when it was ordered to help contain the German Ardennes offensive. The
Division fought in eastern Belgium, blunting the German Fifth Panzer Army's
penetration of American lines. The Division helped reduce the Bulge in
January, fighting in the Ardennes forest in deep snow, and cleared the area
from Houffalize to the Ourthe River of the enemy. After a rest in February,
the Division drove on across the Rhine 27 Mar, and was the first American
Division to reach the Elbe, first reaching it at Schonebeck on 11 Apr. It
was halted on the Elbe, 20 Apr, on orders. In July the Division entered
Berlin--the first American unit to enter the German capital city. The Division
returned to the States in Jan 46.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - One
Distinguished Unit Citations - Thirteen
FOREIGN AWARDS: Three; all the French Croix de Guerre.
5
3D INFANTRY DIVISION (Regular Army)
HISTORY: The 3d Infantry Division was organized in Nov 1917 at Camp Greene, N.C.,
moving overseas in Apr 1918 to fight in the Chateau-Thierry Sector and to take
part in the Aisne, Champagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, St Mihiel, and l'euse-Argonne
Operations. After 8 tour of duty with the Army of Occupation, Dec 1918-Aug 1919,
the Division returned to the U.S. Its units were scattered throughout the west
coast, with Fort Lewis, Washington its home station. The Division took part in
the California maneuvers, l'ay-Jul 41, and in May 42 transferred to Fort Ord, Calif.
It left the Hampton Roads, Va. port of embarkation for overseas duty 27 Oct 42.
DATE OF: Activation - 21 Nov 1917 (C.G. assumed command, 28 Nov 17); at present
stationed at Camp Campbell, Kentucky.
BATTLE CREDITS WIY II: (Division) Tunisia, Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno,
Southern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Kaj Gen Charles F Thompson
- Aug 40 to Jul 41
Brig Gen Charles P Hall
- Aug 41 to Sep 41
Maj Gen John P Lucas
- Sep 41 to Feb 42
L'aj Gen Jonathan W Anderson
- Var 42 to Mar 43
Vaj Gen Lucian K Truscott, Jr.
- Apr 43 to Jan 44
l'aj Gen John W O'Daniel
- Feb 44 to Jul 45
Vaj Gen William R Schmidt
- Aug 45 to May 46
l'aj Gen Edwin P Parker, Jr.
- May 46 to Jun 46
Brig Gen Robert N Bathurst
- Jun 46 to Sep 46
Maj Gen Jens A Doe
- Sep 45 to Feb 47
Maj Gen Percy W Clarkson
- Var 47 to present
COMBAT HIGHLIGHTS: The 3d Division 18 the only American Division which fought the
Nazi on all fronts. The Division first saw action in the North African invasion,
landing at Fedela ε Nov 42 and capturing half of French l'orocco. On 10 Jul 43 the
Division made an assault landing on Sicily, fought its way into Falermo before the
armor could get there, and raced on to capture Vessina, thus ending the Sicilian
campaign. Nine days after the Italian invasion, 18 Sep 43, the 3d landed at
Salerno and in intensive action drove to and ACTOSS the Volturno and to Cassino.
After a brief rest, the Division was ordered to hit the beaches at Anzio, 22 Jan
44, where for four months it maintained its toe-hold against furious German counter-
attacks. On 29 Feb 44 the 3d fought off an attack by 3 German Divisions. In May
the Division broke out of the beachhead and drove or. to Rome, and then went into
training for the invasion of Southern France. On 15 Aug 44, another D Day, the
Division landed at St Tropez, advanced up the Rhone Valley, through the Vosges
Mountains, and reached the Rhine at Strasbourg, 26-27 Nov. After maintaining de-
fensive positions it took part in clearing the Colmar pocket 23 Jan-18 Feb 45, and
on 15 Mar struck against Siegfried Line positions south of Zweibrucken. The
Division smashed through the defenses and crossed the Rhine, 26 Var 45; then drove
on to take Nurnberg in a fierce battle, capturing the city in block-by-block
fighting, 17-20 Apr. The 3d pushed on to take Augsburg and Munich 27-30 Apr and
H&8 in the vicinity of Salzburg when the war in Europe ended.
HONORS: Medals of Honor - Thirty-five
Distinguished Unit Citations - Eleven
FOREIGN AWARDS: One; the French Fourragere.
9
9TH INFANTRY DIVISION (Regular Army)
HISTORY: The 9th Infantry Division was organized in Jul 1918 at Camp Sheridan, Ala.,
and was still training in the United States when the war ended. Demobilization of
the Division began Dec 1918. The Division was activated in Aug 1940 at Fort Bragg,
N.C. and included a number of units which had seen combat action in World War I.
In Sep 41 it took part in the Carolina maneuvers under the First Army. The Division
received amphibious training in 1942 under the Amphibious Corps of the Atlantic
Fleet. It left New York 11 Dec 42.
DATE OF: Activation - 1 Aug 1940
Inactivation - 15 Jan 1947, at Stolberg, Germany.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Tunisia, Sicily, Normandy, Northern France, Ardennes,
Rhineland, and Central Europe.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Col Charles B Elliott
- Aug 40
Brig Gen Francis w Honeycutt
- Sep 40
Maj Gen Jacob L Devers
- Oct 40 to Jul 41
Maj Gen Rene E Hoyle
- Aug 41 to Jul 43
Maj Gen Manton S Eddy
- Aug 42 to Aug 44
Maj Gen Jesse A Ladd
- May 45 to Feb 46
Maj Gen Horace L McBride
- Mar 46 to inactivation
Maj. Gen. CRAIG
- AUG44 TO MAY 45
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The 9th Infantry Division saw its first combat in the North African
invasion 8 Nov 42 when its elements landed at Algiers, Safi, and Port Lyautey. With
the collapse of French resistance, 11 Nov 42, the Division patrolled the Spanish
Moroccan border. The 9th returned to Tunisia in February and engaged in small de-
fensive actions and patrol activity. On 28 Mar 43 it launched an attack in southern
Tunisia and fought its way north into Bizerte (7 May). In August the 9th landed at
Palermo, Sicily and took part in the capture of Randazzo and Vessina. After return-
ing to England for further training, the Division hit Utah Beach on 10 Jun 44 (D
plus 4), cut off the Cotentin Peninsula, drove on to Cherbourg and penetrated the
port's heavy defenses. After a brief rest in July, the Division took part in the
St Lo breakthrough and in August helped close the Falaise Gap. Turning east, the 9th
crossed the Marne 28 Aug, swept through Saarlautern, and in Nov and Dec held defens-
ive positions from Monschau to Losheim. Noving north to Bergrath, Germany, it
launched an attack toward the Roer 10 Dec, taking Echtz and Schlich. From mid-Dec
through Jan 45, the Division held defensive positions from Kalterherberg to Elsenborn.
On 30 Jan the Division jumped off from Monschau in a drive across the Roer and to
Rhine, crossing at Remagen 7 Mar. After breaking out of the Remagen bridgehead,
the 9th assisted in the sealing and clearing of the Ruhr pocket, then moved 150
miles east to Nordhausen and attacked in the Harz Mts, 14-20 Apr. On 21 Apr the
Division relieved the 3d Armored along the Mulde River, near Dessau, and held that
line until V-E Day.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Four
Distinguished Unit Citations - Twenty-four
FOREIGN AWARDS: Five; one Belgian and four French Fourrageres.
21
10TH MOUNTAIN DIVISION (Army of the United States)
HISTORY: The Division was activated Jul 43 at Camp Hale, Colo. as the 10th
Division (Light), and included several units which had trained at Lake Placid,
Old Forge, and on Mt Rainier before the activation of the Division. At Camp.
Hale the Division received training in fighting in snow and mountainous
terrain at the Mountain Training Center, set up under the Army Ground Forces.
In Apr 44 the Division took part in maneuvers in California under II Armored
Corps and was transferred to Camp Swift, Texas, in Jun 44. In Nov 44 the
Division was redesignated the 10th Mountain Division. Among its personnel
were famous American skiers, mountain climbers, forest rangers, and park
and wild-life service men. It left Hampton Roads, Va., 6 Jan 45.
DATE OF:
Activation
- 15 Jul 1943
Inactivation - 1 Dec 1945, at Camp Carson, Colorado.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) North Apennines, and Po Valley.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Lloyd E Jones
- Jul 43 to Nov 44
Maj Gen George P Hays
- Nov 44 to Nov 45
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The 10th Mountain Division saw its first actual combat in
Italy, although previously the 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment had participated
in the assault landing on Kiska in the Aleutians, 15-17 Aug 43, only to find
the island completely deserted by the Japanese. Elements of the Division
began arriving in Italy in late Dec 44 and after a brief training period entered
combat (8 Jan 45) near Cutigliano and Orsigna. Preliminary defensive actions
were followed 19 Feb 45 by a concerted attack on the Silla-Mt Belvedere sector,
and the peak was cleared after several days of heavy fighting. In early March
the Division fought its way north of Canolle, taking several more peaks, and
moving to within 15 miles of Bologna. Maintaining defensive positions for
the next three weeks, the Division jumped off again in April, captured
Mongiorgio 20 Apr, and entered the Po Valley, seizing the strategic points,
Pradalbino and Bomporto. The 10th crossed the Po River 23 Apr, reached
Verona 25 Apr, and ran into heavy opposition at Torbole and Nago. After an
amphibious crossing of Lake Garda, it secured Gargnano and Portio di
Tremosine 30 Apr as German resistance in Italy ended. After the German
surrender in Italy 2 May, the Division went on security duty, receiving
the surrender of various German units and screening the areas of occupation.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - One
Distinguished Unit Citations
- None
36TH INFANTRY DIVISION (National Guard)
HISTORY: The Texas National Guard, parent organization of the 36th Infantry
("Texas," "Lone Star," or "Panther") Division, defended the Alamo in the Texan
For for independence, fought in the Civil and Spanish-American Wars, and saw
service on the l'exican border. The 36th was organized and drafted into the
Federal service in Jul and Aug 1917. It saw action in the Meuse-Argonne Oper-
ation and was demobilized during May and Jun 1919. It was inducted into the
Federal service 25 Nov 40 at San Antonio, Texas with troops from Texas. After
training at Camp Bowie, Texas, the 36th participated in Texas maneuvers in Jun
41 and in the Louisiana maneuvers Aug-Oct 41. The Division transferred to
Camp Blanding, Fla., Feb 42 and participated in the Carolina maneuvers Jul-Aug
42 and in special training at Camp Edwards, Vass. Aug 42 to Apr 43. It left
the New York port of embarkation for overseas 2 Apr 43.
DATE OF: Induction - 25 Nov 1940
Return to National Guard status - 15 Dec 1945 at Camp Patrick Henry,
Virginia.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno, Southern France,
Phineland, Central Europe.
COMANDING GENERALS: Kaj Gen Claude V Birkhead
- Nov 40 to Sep 41
Vaj Gen Fred L Walker
- Sep 41 to Jun 44
Maj Gen John E Dahlquist
- Jul 44 to Nov 45
Brig Gen Robert I Stack'
- Nov 45 to inactivation
CONBAT CHRONICLE: The 36th Infantry Division landed in North Africa 13 Apr 43
and trained at Arzew and Rabat. It first saw action 9 Sep 43 when it landed at
Paestum on the Gulf of Salemo. The waiting enemy launched counterattacks, but
the 36th advanced slowly, securing the area from Agropoli to Altavilla. After
a brief rest the 36th returned to combat 15 Nov. It captured Vt Maggiore, Vt
Lungo, and the village of San Pietro despite strong enemy positions and severe
winter. weather. This grueling campaign was marked by futile attempts to establish
E secure bridgehead across the Rapido River 1 Jan to 8 Feb 44. After assisting
the 34th Division in the attack on Cassino and fighting defensively along the
Rapido River, the 36th withdrew 12 Par 44 for rest and rehabilitation. On 25
Vay, the Division landed at Anzio, drove north to capture Velletri 1 Jun, and
entered Rome on the 5th. Pushing up from Rome, the 36th encountered sharp re-
sistance at Magliano, but reached Piombino 26 Jun before moving back to Paestum
for rest and rehabilitation. On 15 Aug the Division made another assault land-
ing against light opposition in the Raphael-Frejus area of Southern France. A
lightning dash opened the Rhone River Valley. Montelimar fell 28 Aug and large
Nazi units were trapped. The 36th advanced to the Moselle River at Remiremont
and the foothills of the Vosges. In a grinding offensive, the Division crossed
the Veurthe River, breached the Ste Marie Bass and burst into the Alsatian Plains.
The enemy counterattacked 13 Dec and the 36th held in the Colmar Pocket. On the
20th the Division resumed the attack, advancing northward along the Rhine River
to Vannheim meeting heavy resistance at Haguenau, Oberhofen and Wissembourg.
The 36th moved to the Danube 22 Apr 45 and attacked the "National Redoubt" at
Hunzelsau on the 30th in its final action.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Fourteen
Distinguished Unit Citations - Twelve
45
POREIGN AWARDS: One; Croix de Guerre
45TH INFANTRY DIVISION (National Guard)
HISTORY: The 45th Division ("Thunderbirds") was activated in 1924, its personnel
including troops from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. It was in-
ducted into the Federal service 16 Sep 40 at Oklahoma City, Okla., and trained at
Fort Sill, Okla. until 28 Feb 41. After moving to Camp Barkeley, Texas, it par-
ticipated in the Texas maneuvers in Jun 41 and the Louisiana maneuvers Aug-Oct 41.
It moved to Ft Devens, Mass. in Apr 42, to Pine Camp, N.Y. in Nov 42, to Camp
Pickett, Va. in Feb 43, and left Hampton Roads, Va. for overseas duty, 8 Jun 43.
DATE OF: Induction - 16 Sep 1940
Return to National Guard Status - 7 Dec 1945 at Camp Bowie, Texas.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno, Southern France, Rhineland,
and Central Europe.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen William S Key
- Sep 40 to Oct 42
Maj Gen Troy H Middleton
- Oct 42 to Dec 43
Maj Gen William W Eagles
- Dec 43 to Dec 44
Maj Gen Robert T Frederick
- Dec 44 to Sep 45
Brig Gen Henry Meyer
- Sep 45 to inactivation
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The 45th Division landed in North Africa 22 Jun 43 and trained
at Arzew, French Vorocco. It landed in Sicily 10 Jul in its first major amphibious
operation and moved inland under minor opposition. The enemy resisted fiercely at
Motta Hill 26 Jul before losing the four-day battle of "Bloody Ridge." On 1 Aug
the Division withdrew for rest and patrols. On 10 Sep 43 the second landing at
Salerno occurred. Against stiff resistance, the 45th pushed to the Calore River,
27 Sep, crossed the Volturno River 3 Nov and took Venafro. Until 9 Jan 44 the
Division inched forward into the mountains reaching S. Elia north of Cassino be-
fore moving to a rest area. The 45th landed at Anzio 22 Jan 44 and for four months
stood its ground against violent assaults. It went over to the attack 23 May,
crossed the Tiber River 4 Jun outflanking Rome and withdrew for rest and training
on the 16th. The 45th participated in its fourth assault landing 15 Aug 44 at
St Maxime in Southern France. Against slight opposition, it spearheaded the drive
for the Belfort Gap. It took the strongly defended city of Epinal 24 Sep, crossed
the Moselle River and entered the western foothills of the Vosges, taking Ramber-
villers on the 30th, and crossing the Mortagne River 23 Oct. After a brief rest
the 45th cracked the forts north of Mutzig, an anchor of the Vaginot Line 25 Nov,
crossed the Zintzel River and pushed through the Maginot defenses. From 2 Jan 45
the Division fought defensively along the German border, withdrawing to the Moder
River. On 17 Feb, it went back for rest and training. The 45th moved north to
the Sarreguemines area and smashed at the Siegfried Line 17 Mar, taking Homburg on
the 21st and crossing the Rhine between Worms and Hamm on the 26th. The advance
continued, Aschaffenburg falling 3 Apr, and Nurnberg on the 20th. The Division
crossed the Danube 27 Apr, took Munich on the 30th and as war ended was stationed
near Dachau. The 45th left for home 2 Sep.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Seven
Distinguished Unit Citations - Seven
FOREIGN AWARDS: One; French Croix de Guerre.
53
82D AIRBORNE DIVISION (Organized Reserve)
HISTORY: In Aug 1917 the 82d ("All American") Division was organized at Camp
Gordon, Ga. After training, the Division went overseas and took part in action
in the Lagney, Lucey, Marbache Sectors, and in the St Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne
Operations. The Division was demobilized in May 1919 in the U.S. Its most
famous member was Sgt. Alvin York, who singlehandedly captured 132 German
prisoners in the Argonne, 18 Oct 1918. The Division was activated again as an
Infantry Division 25 Mar 42 and redesignated an Airborne Division 15 Aug 42. It
trained at Camp Claiborne, La. until Oct 42, when it transferred to Fort Bragg,
N.C. In Apr 43, the Division was stationed at Camp Edwards, Mass., and on
28 Apr 43 left New York for overseas duty.
DATE OF: Activation - 25 Mar 1942; at present stationed at Fort Bragg, N.C.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Rhineland and Central Europe. Elements of the
Division have credits for Sicily, Rome-Arno, Normandy, and Ardennes.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Omar Bradley
- Mar 42 to Jun 42
Maj Gen Matthew B Ridgway
- Jun 42 to Aug 44
Maj Gen James M Gavin
- Aug 44 to present
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The 82d Airborne Division landed at Casablanca, 10 May 43, and
trained. Elements first saw combat in Sicily, when the 505th RCT and part of the
504th dropped behind enemy lines 9-10 Jul 43, at Gela. The remainder of the 504th
dropped behind enemy lines 9-10 Jul 43, at Gela. The remainder of" the 504th RCT
dropped 11-12 Jul 43, also near Gela, after running friendly naval and ground
force fire. Scattered elements formed and fought as ground troops. The elements
were flown back to Tunisia for reequipment and returned to Sicily to take off for
drop landings on the Salerno beachhead. The 504th Prcht Inf dropped 13 Sep 43
and the 505th the following night; the 325th landed by boat. These elements
bolstered Salerno defenses and fought their way into Naples, 1 Oct 43. After a
period of occupation duty (and combat for some elements in the Volturno Valley
and Anzio beachhead), the Division moved to Ireland, Nov 43, and later to England,
Feb 44, for additional training. Moving in by glider and parachute, troops of
the 82d dropped behind enemy lines in Normandy on D-Day, 6 Jun 44, before ground
troops hit the beaches. Cutting off enemy reinforcements, the Division fought
its way from Carentan to St Sauveur-le-Vicomte, fighting 33 days without relief.
Relieved 8 Jul, it returned to England for refitting. On 17 Sep, it was dropped
at Nijmegen, 50 miles behind enemy lines, and captured the Nijmegen bridge,
20 Sep, permitting relief of British paratroops by the British 2d Army. After
leavy fighting in Holland, the Division was relieved 11 Nov and rested in France.
It was returned to combat 18 Dec 44 to stem the von Rundstedt offensive, blunting
the northern salient of the Bulge. It punched through the Siegfried Line in
arly Feb 45, and crossed the Roer, 17 Feb. Training with new equipment in March,
the Division returned to combat 4 Apr, patrolling along the Rhine, securing the
Koln area, later moving across the Elbe 30 Apr into the Mecklenburg Plain, where
May 45, the German 21st Army surrendered. After occupation duty in Berlin,
he 82d returned to the U.S. in Dec 45.
ONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Three
Distinguished Unit Citations - Fifteen
OREIGN AWARDS: Three; Belgian Fourragere; Netherlands Military Order of Willems;
nd (elements only) French Fourragere.
67
85TH INFANTRY DIVISION (Organized Reserve)
HISTORY: The 85th ("Custer") Division was organized in Aug 1917 at Camp Custer,
Michigan. It functioned as a depot division in France. Elements, designated
as the American Expeditionary Forces, North Russia, formed part of an allied
expeditionary force under British command in the Archangel area. The Division
was demobilized at Camp Custer in Apr 1919. The 85th was activated 15 May 42
at Camp Shelby, Miss. It participated in the Louisiana maneuvers 6 Apr to
19 Jun 43 and in those in the Desert Training Center Jun to Oct 43 and moved
to Fort Dix for additional training. The Division left Hampton Roads, Va. for
overseas 24 Dec 43.
DATE OF: Activation
- 15 May 1942
Disbandment
- 25 Aug 1945 at Hampton Roads, Virginia.
Reconstitution
- 2 Dec 1946
Reactivation
-
19 Feb 1947 at Litchfield, Illinois.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Rome-Arno, North Apennines, and Po Valley.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Wade H Haislip - May 42 to Feb 43
Maj Gen John B Coulter - Feb 43 to inactivation
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The 85th Infantry Division arrived in Casablanca, French
Morocco 2 Jan 44. It received amphibious training at Port aux Poules near
Arzew and Oran, Algeria 1 Feb to 23 Mar, then embarked for Naples, Italy,
arriving 27 Mar. A selected advance detachment appeared on the Minturno-
Castelforte front north of Naples 28 Mar. The Division was committed to
action as a unit 10 Apr 44 north of the Garigliano River, facing the Gustav
Line, and held defensive positions for a month. On 11 May, it launched its
attack, taking Solacciano, Castellonorato and Formia. Itri fell 19 May and
the 85th continued to mop up the Gaeta Peninsula. Terracina was taken and
the road to the Anzio beachhead was opened. The Division pursued the enemy
to the hills near Sezze until pinched out by friendly forces from Anzio. The
Gustav Line had been smashed and the 85th started for a rest area 29 May, but
was ordered to the Lariano sector which the Division cleared by the 31st.
Driving on Rome, the 85th pushed through Monte Compatri and Frascati, entered
Rome 5 Jun 44, and advanced to Viterbo before being relieved 10 Jun. After
rehabilitation and training, the 85th took over the defense of the Arno River
line, 15 to 26 Aug. The Division attacked the mountain defenses of the Gothic
Line 13 Sep and broke through, taking Firenzuola on the 21st. The 85th ad-
vanced slowly through mud and rain against heavy resistance taking La Martina
and gaining the Idice River valley road 2 Oct and reaching Mt Mezzano on the
24th overlooking the Po River Valley. From 27 Oct to 22 Nov 44, defense areas
near Pizzano were held. On the 23d, the Division was relieved for rest and
rehabilitation. The 85th relieved the 1st British Division 6 Jan 45 and
limited its activities to cautious patrols until 13 Mar. After a brief
training period, the 85th thrust southwest of Bologna, 14 Apr, pushing through
Lucca and Pistoia into the Po Valley as enemy resistance collapsed. The
Panaro River was crossed on the 23d and the Po the next day. The Division
mopped up fleeing Germans until their mass surrender 2 May 45 in the Belluno-
Agordo area. It assembled for redeployment, 29 May 45, and was disbanded in
the U.S. in Aug. The 85th was reactivated in the Organized Reserve at
Litchfield, Ill. 19 Feb 47.
70
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Three
Distinguished Unit Citations
- Five
88TH INFANTRY DIVISION (Organized Reserve)
HISTORY: The 88th Infantry Division ("Blue Devil" or "Clover Leaf" Division)
was established and organized in Aug 1917 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. It occupied
the Center Sector in Alsace in Oct 1918. It was demobilized from Jan to Jun
1919 in the U.S. The Division was activated at Camp Gruber, Okla. 15 Jul 42,
where it trained under the Third Army. It participated in the Louisiana
maneuvers Jun to Aug 43, then moved to Fort Sam Houston, Texas for further
training. The 88th left Hampton Roads, Va. for overseas 6 Dec 43.
DATE OF: Activation - 15 Jul 1942
Inactivation - 24 Oct 1947 in Italy.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Rome-Arno, Northern Apennines, and Po
Valley.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen John E Sloan - Jul 42 to Sep 44
Maj Gen Paul W Kendall - Sep 44 to Jul 45
Brig Gen James C Fry
- Jul to Nov 45
Maj Gen Bryant E Moore - Nov 45 to inactivation
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The 88th Infantry Division arrived at Casablanca, French
Morocco 15 Dec 43 and moved to Magenta, Algeria on the 28th for intensive train-
ing. It arrived at Naples, Italy 6 Feb 44 and concentrated in the Piedimont
d'Alife area for combat training. An advance element went into the line before
Cassino 27 Feb and the entire unit relieved British elements along the Garigli-
ano River in the Ninturno area 5 Mar. A period of defensive patrols and train-
ing followed. On 11 May the 88th drove north to take Spigno, Mt Civita, Itri,
Fondi and Roccagorga, reached Anzio 29 May and pursued the enemy into Rome
4 Jun after a stiff engagement on the outskirts of the city. An element of the
88th is credited with being first to enter the Eternal City. After continuing
across the Tiber to Bassanello the 88th retired for rest and training 11 Jun.
The Division went into defensive positions near Pomerance 5 Jul and launched an
attack toward Volterra on the 8th, taking the town the next day. Laiatico fell
on the 11th, Villamagna on the 13th and the Arno River was crossed on the 20th
although the enemy resisted bitterly. After a period of rest and training, the
Division opened its assault on the Gothic Line 21 Sep 44 and advanced rapidly
along the Firenzuola-Imola road, taking Mt Battaglia on the 28th. The enemy
counterattacked savagely and heavy fighting continued on the line toward the Po
Valley. The strategic positions of Mt Grande and Farnetto were taken 20 and
22 Oct. From 26 Oct 44 to 12 Jan 45 the 88th entered a period of defensive
patrolling in the Mt Grande-Mt Cerrere sector and the Mt Fano area. From 24
Jan to 2 Mar 45 the Division defended the Loiano-Livergnano area and after a
brief rest returned to the front. The drive to the Po Valley began 15 Apr.
Vonterumici fell on the 17th after an intense barrage and the Po River was
crossed 24 Apr as the 88th pursued the enemy toward the Alps. The cities of
Verona and Vicenza were captured on the 25th and 28th and the Brenta River was
crossed 30 Apr. The 88th was driving through the Dolomite Alps toward Inns-
bruck, Austria when the hostilities ended 2 May. The Division was on security
missions in Bolzano and Trieste until inactivation.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Two
Distinguished Unit Citations - Three
73
FOREIGN AWARDS: One; French Croix de Guerre.
91ST INFANTRY DIVISION (Organized Reserve)
HISTORY: The 91st ("Powder River") Division was established and organized in
Aug 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington. It participated in the Meuse-Argonne and
Ypres-Lys Operations, occupied the Aubreville Sector of Lorraine, and was de-
mobilized in April and May 1919 in U.S. The Division was activated at Camp
White, Oregon, 15 Aug 42. It participated in the Oregon maneuvers Sep to Nov
43, then changed its station to Camp Adair, Oregon. The 91st left Hampton Roads,
Va., for overseas 3 Apr 44.
DATE OF: Activation - 15 Aug 1942
Inactivation - 1 Dec 1945 at Camp Rucker, Alabama.
Reactivation - 31 Dec 1946 at San Francisco, California.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Rome-Arno, North Apennines, Po Valley.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Charles H Gerhardt - Aug 42 to Jul 43
Maj Gen William G Livesay - Jul 43 to inactivation
COMBAT CHRONICLE: The 91st Infantry Division arrived in North Africa 18 Apr to
10 May 44 and trained intensively at Arzew and Renan, French Morocco. Leaving by
units, the entire Division was in Italy 19 Jun 44. Meanwhile, the 361st RCT landed
at Anzio 1 Jun and fought near Velletri south of Rome from 3 Jun. The 363d RCT
entered combat near Riparbella 4 Jul. On 12 Jul, the Division fought as a unit
near Chianni, Italy for the high ground dominating the Arno River. By the 19th
it had reached the river. The 363d RCT participated in the capture of Livorno
19 Jul, and in a quick thrust to the north, two units entered Pisa 24 Jul. From
24 Jul to 12 Sep 44, the 91st held their positions along the Arno while they under-
went extensive training. On the 13th, the Division attacked the Gothic Line, took
Monticelli 18 Sep, and advanced to the Santerno River through stubborn resistance
23 Sep. Moving through rocky escarpments and other natural barriers as well as
heavy opposition, the 91st occupied Livergnano 13 Oct. The offensive was canceled,
however, and the 91st assumed defensive positions below Pianoro 31 Oct. During
Nov the 91st remained on the defensive, sending out small patrols. After resting
in Dec, the Division returned to the line and maintained a static defensive front
until 20 Mar 45, when the Division retired to Gagliano and Villanova to prepare
for a new offensive. This final assault began 15 Apr 45. The 91st entered
Bologna 21 Apr and moved along Highway #64 against slight resistance. After
crossing the Po River on the 23d, the Division swung to the northeast, crossing
the Adige River 26 Apr and reaching Treviso on the 29th. All enemy forces in
Italy surrendered 2 May, and the 91st was assigned occupational duties in the
province of Venezia-Giulia, including the Trieste area. It left Italy 31 Aug 45
for inactivation. The 91st Infantry Division was reactivated in the Organized
Reserve at San Francisco, Calif. 31 Dec 46.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Two
Distinguished Unit Citations - Three
76
34TH INFANTRY DIVISION (National Guard)
HISTORY: The 34th Infantry ("Red Bull") Division was organized and inducted into
Federal service in Aug 1917 at Camp Cody, New Mexico and, after training moved
overseas, Aug-Oct 1918. The Division did not see combat, its personnel being
sent as replacements and reinforcements to other organizations. It was demobilized
in the U.S. in Feb 1919. The 34th was inducted 10 Feb 41 at Council Bluffs, Iowa,
with troops from North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, and Minnesota. It received its
basic training at Camp Claiborne, La., took part in the Louisiana maneuvers Aug-Sep
41 and was triangularized shortly after Pearl Harbor. The 34th left New York for
Ireland in three waves between Jan and May 43.
DATE OF: Induction - 10 Feb 1941
Return to National Guard status - 3 Nov 1945, Hampton Roads, Virginia.
BATTLE CREDITS WW II: (Division) Tunisia, Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno, North
Apennines, and Po Valley.
COMMANDING GENERALS: Maj Gen Ellard A Walsh
- Feb 41 to Aug 41
Maj Gen Russell P Hartle - Aug 41 to May 42
Maj Gen Charles W Ryder - May 42 to Jul 44
Maj Gen Charles L Bolte - Jul 44 to inactivation
COMBAT CHRONICLE: After continuing its training in Ireland, the 34th Infantry
Division saw its first combat in the North African invasion, 8 Nov 42, landing at
Algiers and seizing the port and outlying airfields. Elements of the Division
took part in numerous subsequent engagements in Tunisia during the Allied build-up,
notably at Sened Station, Faid Pass, Sbeitla, and Fondouk Gap. In Apr 43 the
Division assaulted Hill 609, capturing it 1 May 43, and then drove through Chouigui
Pass to Tebourba and Ferryville. The Division then trained for the Salerno landing.
The 151st FA Bn went in on D-Day, 9 Sep 43, at Salerno, while the rest of the
Division followed 25 Sep. Contacting the enemy at the Calore River, 28 Sep 43,
the 34th drove north to take Benevento, crossed the winding Volturno 3 times in
October and November, assaulted Mt Patano and took one of its four peaks before
being relieved 9 Dec 43. In Jan 44, the Division drove into the Gustav line, took
Mt Trocchio after a bitter fight, pushed across the Rapido, attacked Monastery
Hill, and fought its way into Cassino, being relieved 13 Feb 44. After rest and
rehabilitation, it landed in the Anzio Beachhead 25 Mar 44, maintaining defensive
positions until the offensive of 23 May, when it broke out of the beachhead, took
Cisterna, and raced to Civitavecchia and Rome. After a short rest, the Division
drove across the Cecina River to liberate Livorno, 19 Jul 44, and continued on to
take Mt Belmonte in October. Digging in south of Bologna for the winter, the 34th
jumped off 15 Apr 45 and captured Bologna 21 Apr. Pursuit of the routed enemy
was halted 2 May with the German surrender in Italy.
HONORS: Congressional Medals of Honor - Eight
Distinguished Unit Citations - Three
FOREIGN AWARDS: One; French Croix de Guerre
43
Italy
sicily: 1ST I.D.
45th ID.
82d ABN DIV
L
3d ID
2d A.D
9th ID
Salevno- winter Line : 45 th ID
Rome - Povalley
36th ID
82d ABNDIV
34th ID
3d ID
88th ID
1
85th ID
91th ID
)
1st AD
10th MTN Div
Ref. : Biller victory, carlo D'Este (has order of battle)
was maps S. Goodenough
Refreence
WAR
Thomas Parrish
S. L. A. Marshall
Property of U. S. Army
Property of,
Center of
Military History
A Cord Communications Book
Dept. of the Army
SIMON AND SCHUSTER
Washington, D.C.
NEW YORK
Mide
FIFTH AIR FORCE-FIFTH ARMY
189
FIFTH AIR FORCE. When the surviving elements of
Fifth Army headquarters was established at Oujda, near
the Philippine-based U.S. Far East Air Forces reached
the border between Algeria and French Morocco. As
Australia early in 1942, they were reorganized to form
the highest American field command in North Africa,
the nucleus of the Fifth Air Force. Planes from this or-
the headquarters assumed administrative control over
ganization flew reconnaissance missions as Allied forces
Maj. Gen. Lloyd R. FREDENDALL'S II Corps in Tunisia
checked the Japanese at the Battle of the CORAL SEA
and somewhat closer control over Maj. Gen. George S.
and prepared to take the offensive in the SOLOMON Is-
PATTON, Jr.'s I Armored Corps in French Morocco.
LANDS. In August 1942 Maj. Gen. George C. KENNEY
The missions of the Fifth Army headquarters were
took command and employed the Fifth Air Force to
diverse. First, it had to ensure that the population of
support the Allied advance in NEW GUINEA.
the enormous area outside the North African combat
Besides bombing Japanese strongpoints and airstrips,
zone remained calm and peaceful. Second, it had to be
Fifth Air Force planes flew troops and supplies from
prepared to counter hostile action in Spanish Morocco.
Australia to Port Moresby, New Guinea, then across the
Third, and most important, the Fifth Army headquar-
Owen Stanley Mountains to the battle area, and at-
ters became an immense training organization; it oper-
tacked enemy convoys attempting to reinforce the New
ated a host of installations to teach officers and soldiers,
Guinea garrison. During the Battle of the BISMARCK
British, French and American, the basics and the spe-
SEA, March 2-4, 1943, Fifth Air Force P-38s, A-20s,
cialties of warfare.
B-17s and B-25s joined Australian Beaufighters in low-
Shortly before the invasion of SICILY, the Fifth Army
altitude attacks that sank every vessel in a 22-ship con-
was assigned another mission: operations in the Medi-
voy.
terranean beyond Sicily, should such operations be di-
As the New Guinea campaign neared a successful
rected. As a consequence, the Fifth Army headquarters
conclusion, Fifth Air Force intensified its bombardment
drew plans for invasions of SARDINIA, Corsica and the
of RABAUL, the Japanese bastion on New Britain. While
southern mainland of Italy. In August 1943 the CoM-
preparing for the return to the Philippines, Fifth Air
BINED CHIEFS OF STAFF approved a descent on ITALY,
Force was turned over to Maj. Gen. Ennis C. WHITE-
specifically landings to be executed by the Fifth Army
HEAD and incorporated, together with the Thirteenth
in the Naples region. Fifth Army's plan, code-named
Air Force, in General Kenney's new Far East Air Forces
Avalanche, projected operations at SALERNO with the
in June 1944. Beginning in November 1944, White-
British 10th Corps of two divisions and the U.S. VI
head's fliers supported operations to reconquer the
Corps of one division coming ashore on September 9.
Philippines. From bases in the Philippines, Fifth Air
Even though Italy had surrendered, the German op-
Force bombers hit targets in the Netherlands East In-
position at Salerno almost brought about an American
dies and on Formosa. As the war ended, Okinawa-
disaster. German troops threatened to split the Allied
based units were bombing Japan.
beachhead at the Sele River, which separated the 10th
Corps and VI Corps. Intensified naval shelling and air
V AMPHIBIOUS FORCE. A U.S. naval command acti-
support, dogged tenacity on the ground, the drop of
vated on August 15, 1943, as a component of the Fifth
part of an airborne division into the beachhead and the
Fleet to plan amphibious operations and to coordinate
arrival of additional divisions gave the Fifth Army a
training of all subordinate surface and ground units to
clear-cut victory by September 20.
be committed in these operations. Under the command
After a 10-day battle to pierce the passes through the
of Adm. Richmond Kelly TURNER, who led it from its
Sorrento mountain mass, the Fifth Army took Naples.
inception until the end of the war, when he also was
While engineers began to rehabilitate the port de-
Commander, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet,
stroyed by the Germans, the combat troops pushed
VPhibFor directed the following operations: Galvanic
north to the VOLTURNO RIVER. They crossed the Vol-
(GILBERT ISLANDS, MAKIN), November 1943; Flintlock
turno in October in a well-synchronized attack and
(MARSHALLS) and Catchpole (Kusaie, ENIWETOK, WAKE
pushed into the mountainous terrain south of the RA-
ISLAND), January-February 1944; FORAGER (MARIANAS).
PIDO and Garigliano Rivers. The Germans had fortified
June 1944; Detachment (Iwo JIMA), February-March
this ground in order to anchor a stubborn defensive
1945; ICEBERG (OKINAWA), April 1945; and the occupa-
effort. Grim fighting followed in what the Allies called
tion of southern Honshu at the end of the war.
the German Winter Line.
The arrival in Italy of the U.S. II Corps headquarters
FIFTH ARMY (U.S.). An American field army that
gave the Fifth Army more flexibility, and the coming of
fought in ITALY; the headquarters was the first to be
the French Expeditionary Corps with two divisions gave
activated outside the United States during the war. It
it more strength. Thus it was that in the beginning of
came into being in Algiers on January 5, 1943, and was
1944 the Fifth Army launched an amphibious opera-
placed under the command of Lt. Gen. Mark W.
tion at ANZIO (code-named Shingle) designed to make
CLARK, Lt. Gen. Dwight D. EISENHOWER'S deputy com-
an end run around the German defenses and thereby
mander in chief of the Allied forces-the Anglo-Ameri-
come into quick possession of Rome.
can land, sea and air forces that had in November 1942
A coordinated attack by the British 10th and the
invaded NORTHWEST AFRICA and were then campaign-
French corps culminated in an effort by the U.S. II
ing in TUNISIA. Clark's chief of staff and indispensable
Corps on January 20 to cross the Rapido River and gain
principal assistant was Maj. Gen. Alfred GRUENTHER.
entrance into the Liri River valley for a subsequent
The Fifth Army was created to form an equivalent
drive to make contact with the U.S. VI Corps coming
organization to the British First Army under Lt. Gen.
ashore at Anzio. The British crossed the Garigliano, but
Sir Kenneth A. N. ANDERSON, who directed British,
the Americans failed to cross the Rapido. The large-
American and French units. After some discussion,
scale offensive had, however, drawn German reserve
190
FIFTH COLUMN-FIGHTER COMMAND
formations away from the Rome area, and consequently
PHILIPPINE SEA. In September 1944 this force became
the VI Corps landings at Anzio on January 22 were vir-
the THIRD FLEET for the duration of the PHILIPPINES
tually unopposed.
campaign, under a system by which Admirals William
The Fifth Army now had two fronts-the Anzio
F. HALSEY and Spruance were to alternate command.
beachhead and the main line at the Garigliano, the
As the Fifth Fleet, once again under Spruance, the
Rapido and CASSINO-separated by 75 miles of Ger-
force took part in the Iwo JIMA operation and the early
man-held territory. While the forces at Anzio held
stages of the battle for OKINAWA. In May 1945 it again
against a massive German attempt in February to dis-
became the Third Fleet, which it remained until V-J
lodge them, the troops at the main line battled vainly to
Day. The Third Fleet and Fifth Fleet were then simul-
move up the Liri valley to reach the besieged beach-
taneously established to participate in the occupation of
head. A stalemate settled over both fronts while the
Japan.
Germans tried to recover from their exhaustion.
On May 11, after most of the British Eighth Army
FIGHTER COMMAND. When the Royal Air Force was
had been brought across the Apennines into the west-
reorganized into a system of functional commands, the
ern coastal sector and the French corps and the U.S. II
defense of Great Britain against aerial attack was made
Corps had been augmented by two new divisions each,
the responsibility of Fighter Command. This was
the battle for ROME opened on the main front. This
formed on July 14, 1936, at Bentley Priory, Stanmore.
time, on May 25, the Fifth Army succeeded in making
Middlesex, and its first AOC-in-C was Air Marshal Sir
contact with the beachhead forces, which launched
Hugh DOWDING, later Lord Dowding. In 1939 the com-
their own attack. This pressure compelled the Germans
mand was given the additional task of protecting coastal
to withdraw and abandon Rome, which fell to the Fifth
shipping to within 4° miles of the coast. The defense
Army on June 4.
against air attack was deployed through fighter groups,
Detaching the VI Corps and three divisions for the
which in the spring of 194° were numbered 9 through
invasion of SOUTHERN FRANCE, the Fifth Army pursued
14; of these, No. 11 and No. 12 Group bore the brunt
the Germans 150 miles up the Italian peninsula to the
of the aerial fighting in the Battle of BRITAIN. In addi-
Arno River, but there on July 23 the advance ran out of
tion, the AOC-in-C took under his control the chain of
energy. Attacks in September and October made a
RADAR stations erected to give early warning of air
small breach in the GOTHIC LINE, which the Germans
raids, the OBSERVER Corps, BALLOON COMMAND and
had erected to protect the Po River valley. But except
units of the Army's Anti-Aircraft Command for opera-
for minor action, the campaign in the northern Apen-
tions and combined training.
nines became dormant during the severe weather of the
The Battle of Britain, which officially lasted from
winter months.
July 10 to October 31, 1940, was the proving time for
In November, when Gen. Sir Harold ALEXANDER was
the operational effectiveness and resilience of Fighter
elevated to the position of Supreme Allied Commander
Command, which had suffered fighter losses in the
in the Mediterranean. Clark replaced him in command
squadrons dispatched to NORWAY and FRANCE. On July
of the 15th Army Group. Lt. Gen. Lucian TRUSCOTT,
10, 1940, Fighter Command had 52 squadrons, mostly
Jr., moved up from command of the VI Corps, then in
HURRICANES and SPITFIRES, to oppose the LUFTWAFFE'S
France, to command of the Fifth Army. He led the
attacking force of some 2,75° bombers and fighters.
army, now augmented by the IV Corps and several ad-
The Luftwaffe's failure to establish a favorable air situ-
ditional divisions, in the final drive across the Po valley
ation over the Channel and southeast England led to
that started on April 5. 1945, and ended with the sur-
the postponement of Operation SEA LION (German in-
render of the German forces in Italy on May 2.
vasion) in October 1940. Fighter Command was then
faced with a longer and tougher challenge-the night
FIFTH COLUMN. Term used to describe any wide-
bomber-with the BLITZ on British industry and resi-
spread subversion of a nation's defenses during war-
dential areas. The development of airborne radar (AI)
time. To achieve its greatest effect, such subversion
and the introduction to service of BEAUFIGHTER and
should penetrate every part of society and the military.
MOSQUITO aircraft eventually led to success against the
The term was invented during the Spanish Civil War by
Luftwaffe intruders. Fighter Command, after mid-1941
the colorful Nationalist general Queipo de Llano in one
in particular, contributed to the offensive sweeps
of his famous radio broadcasts striking at the Republi-
against the Luftwaffe in France and the Low Countries
can cause. Queipo claimed that Madrid was under at-
and also dispatched a mission of two Hurricane squad-
tack from four Nationalist columns and from a "fifth
rons to northern Russia in August 1941. The air sup-
column" within the city-secret Nationalist supporters.
port provided by Fighter Command to the mainly Ca-
nadian-forces raid on DIEPPE in August 1942 was a
FIFTH FLEET (U.S.). Established in August 1943 as
rehearsal for the air cover needed eventually for Oper-
the U.S. Navy's Central Pacific Force under Adm. Ray-
ation OVERLORD in June 1944.
mond SPRUANCE, this became the Fifth Fleet on April
With the formation of the Allied Expeditionary Air
26, 1944. (Until the latter date, the term "Fifth Fleet"
Force on November 15, 1943, Fighter Command as-
was used for the ships of the Central Pacific Force,
sumed a primarily defensive role and reverted to the
which also included amphibious forces and land-based
title AIR DEFENCE OF GREAT BRITAIN (ADGB). However,
aircraft.) As the Navy's mobile striking force, the Fifth
when the Allied armies had penetrated deep into
Fleet took part in the capture of the GILBERTS (as the
France, ADGB regained its preferred title of Fighter
Central Pacific Force) and MARSHALLS, supported the
Command in 1944. One of the most sinister opponents
spring 1944 landings in NEW GUINEA and participated
of Fighter Command then appeared, in the shape of
in the seizure of the MARIANAS and the Battle of the
the doodlebug, or V-1 flying bombs (see V-WEAPONS). By
to Okinawa, the principal base from which the Seventh
sions; the 10th, 12th, 13th, 14th and 20th Armored Di-
Air Force launched strikes against Japan.
visions; and the 101ST AIRBORNE DIVISION. See also
WESTERN FRONT.
7th ARMORED DIVISION (U.S.). In August 1944,
shortly after arriving on the Continent, the division
SEVENTH FLEET (U.S.). One of the three numbered
participated in the THIRD ARMY drive on the Seine.
fleets in the Pacific, originally Naval Forces Southwest
When the BULGE assault hit the FIRST ARMY in Decem-
Pacific. The numbered designations were formally
ber, the 7th Armored, then a part of the NINTH ARMY,
adopted on March 15, 1943. The first Seventh Fleet
was quickly shifted to the affected area. After traveling
commander was Vice-Adm. Arthur S. CARPENDER: he
over slippery roads clogged with refugees and displac-
was succeeded on November 26, 1943, by Vice-Adm.
ing support units, elements of the division reached
Thomas C. KINKAID. VII Amphibious Force (the "VII
SAINT-VITH and held in that area for several critical
'Phib") was commanded by Rear Adm. Daniel BARBEY.
days. This delay upset the German attack timetable.
SEVERSKY, Alexander de (1894-1974). Born in Tiflis,
SEVENTH ARMY (U.S.). Activated while at sea (July
Russia, de Seversky served in the imperial air service
10, 1943) in the invasion convoy off SICILY, the Seventh
during World War I and lost a leg as a result of injuries
was actually the first American field army to see action
sustained in combat. After emigrating to the United
in the war. It was created by the redesignation of I Ar-
States he became a major in the Army Air Corps Re-
mored Corps (Reinforced), under the command of Lt.
serve, a title he used throughout his career. In 1931 he
Gen. George S. PATTON, Jr. The units making it up
organized Seversky Aircraft Corp. to manufacture a
were the 1st, 3d, 9th and 45ᵗʰ Infantry Divisions, the
low-wing, all-metal monoplane capable of being fitted
82D AIRBORNE DIVISION and the 1st and 2d Armored
with either wheels or floats. The product, the single-en-
Divisions.
gine SEV-3, established a seaplane speed record and
In the July-August Sicilian operations, the Seventh
was the first in a series of distinguished aircraft, among
Army fought in the western part of the island, taking
them the Seversky P-35 and the Republic P-47 (see P-35;
Palermo on July 22, and then moved northeast, racing
P-47), both designed by Alexander Kartveli, who joined
the British EIGHTH ARMY for Messina. A regimental
the firm in 1934.
combat team of the U.S. 3d Division entered Messina
When the P-35 failed to attract foreign buyers, Sever-
on the morning of August 17.
sky Aircraft had to seek new financing and was reorga-
The next assignment for the Seventh was the SOUTH-
nized as Republic Aviation, with de Seversky stepping
ERN FRANCE OPERATION, initially code-named Anvil and
down from the company's presidency to become a
later Dragoon. General Patton was transferred to En-
member of the board of directors.
gland, and on January 1, 1944, Lt. Gen. Mark W.
A skillful polemicist on behalf of air power, Major de
CLARK took command of the Seventh (while retaining
Seversky updated the ideas of the Italian theorist Giulio
command of the FIFTH ARMY in Italy) to oversee the
Douhet in the 1920s and set them forth in the book
planning of the invasion of southern France. Opera-
Victory Through Air Power, which in 1943 became a pop-
tions in Italy proving to be slower than anticipated,
ular motion picture. His theme, however, was not sus-
Clark handed over command of the Seventh on March
tained by the war's developments.
2, 1944, to Lt. Gen. Alexander M. PATCH, former U.S.
commander on Guadalcanal.
SEXTANT. Code name for the U.S.-British-Chinese
On August 15, 1944, the Seventh Army assaulted the
French Riviera beaches. The army now consisted of the
CAIRO CONFERENCE, held just before and after the U.S.-
British-Soviet conference at TEHERAN.
3d, 36th and 45ᵗʰ Infantry Divisions (comprising VI
Corps), the 1st Airborne Task Force and five French
divisions organized as French Army B. Within a month
SEYDLITZ. German HIPPER-class heavy cruiser,
these American and French forces had liberated all of
launched in 1939 but not completed. She was of 15,200
southern France and advanced to the Vosges Moun-
tons standard displacement. Seydlitz was blown up at
tains. On September 15 the French force became an
Königsberg in April 1945.
independent command (French First Army).
During the Battle of the BULGE, the Seventh Army
SEYDLITZ-KURZBACH, Walter Kurt von (1888-
covered much of the frontage of the U.S. THIRD ARMY
1976). German Army officer, a major general com-
(Patton), freeing the latter for counteroffensive opera-
manding a division at the beginning of the war. At STA-
tions. The Seventh then resumed its advance, eliminat-
LINGRAD, Seydlitz commanded the LI Corps and, a man
ing (together with the French First Army) German re-
of ability and independent judgment, urged General
sistance in the COLMAR POCKET in February and
PAULUS, the commander of the SIXTH ARMY, to break
crossing the Rhine on March 26; it took Nuremberg on
out of the encirclement by attacking to the southwest.
April 20 and Munich on April 30. On May 4 elements
Paulus refused, but Seydlitz, on his own, began with-
of the army crossed the Brenner Pass and linked up
drawing his corps. This news came to Adolf HITLER'S
with troops of the Fifth Army.
ears but, strangely, he blamed Paulus for the with-
After the end of the fighting, the Seventh Army per-
drawal and removed Seydlitz, whom he admired, from
formed occupation duty in Germany until March 31,
the control of Sixth Army headquarters. After surren-
1946, when it was inactivated in Europe. In addition to
der to Soviet forces, Seydlitz headed the NATIONAL
the units mentioned, other divisions saw extensive ser-
COMMITTEE FOR FREE GERMANY, organized by the Rus-
vice with the army. They included the 4th, 42d, 44th,
sians. Later he was imprisoned by the Soviets and was
63d, 70th, 71st, 79th, 100th and 103d Infantry Divi-
not released until 1955.
MCNALLY
SIMON
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
NETTUNO CEMETERY, ITALY
MAY 28, 1989
Mr. Prime Minister, honored guests, ladies and
gentlemen:
Today we honor the thousands of young men, buried here
and elsewhere, who gave their lives so others could live
in freedom. Let us remember them not just today but every
day, with the conviction that we must prevent another
tragic war from ever occurring again.
As I reflect on this scene, and anticipate the dynamic
and forward looking Europe of the 1990's, I think of
generations of young people on both sides of the Atlantic
ocean who have grown up in peace and prosperity. With no
experience of the horror and destruction of war, it may be
difficult for them to understand why we need to keep a
strong military deterrent. The answer is here, among
these silent graves.
The cost of that deterrent is brought home to us all
when tragedy strikes - as it did just last month on the
USS Iowa. The loss of those fine sailors - and the tears
of their families and loved ones reminded us all of the
sacrifice in human terms that defense demands. Let me add
- 2 -
how impressed I was by the many expressions of sympathy I
received from leaders around the world, and particularly
by the eloquent words of Italy's distinguished President,
as he shared the sorrow of this loss.
It was with the memory of the sacrifices of the
soldiers who fell during the Italian campaign - and
millions of other Europeans and Americans - fresh in mind
that NATO was created after the war. The Second World War
had crushed the hope that all of Europe would live in
peace and freedom. But because we have been strong and
created the NATO Alliance we have kept the peace for forty
years, one of the longest periods of peace that Europe has
known.
Italy has been a trusted and valued ally since the
creation of NATO. Time and again Italy has shown itself
ready to assume responsibilities and carry burdens needed
to keep the Alliance strong. Italy took the hard step of
being the first country to accept INF, paving the way for
the historic Arms Control Treaty signed with the Soviet
Union in December 1987. And we remember well that Italy
came forward a year ago to accept NATO-commited aircraft
for Crotone -- where F-16 aircraft can protect Europe's
southern flank. This significant gesture of Alliance
solidarity, coupled with the commendable commitment of
Italian, American and other NATO planners and engineers,
- 3 -
will over the next few years demonstrate in concrete terms
Alliance resolve and cooperation. Italy has played a
staunch role in NATO, and her contribution is a major
feature of the Alliance's 40th birthday we will be
celebrating tomorrow at NATO headquarters in Brussels.
While we have just cause to celebrate the past forty
years of peace, there is still work to be done to keep the
Alliance strong and determined in the face of new
challenges. We must maintain our defenses, modernize our
deterrent forces - and proceed with Crotone - while
recognizing there are strong winds of change blowing -- in
Poland, in Hungary, in the Soviet Union.
Let me reassert here that we welcome that change and
look forward to the spread of democratic values and the
principles of free enterprise in all of Eastern Europe.
While we welcome change, we should not let our
aspiration for the future get ahead of the facts. We
should move forward positively but carefully. For I
believe what we are witnessing in Eastern Europe today is
in large measure the result of the West remaining united.
- 4 -
Here at Nettuno we recall the tragic losses of a war
that nearly destroyed European civilization. The post-war
partnership between the proud nations of Western Europe,
the United States and Canada is the foundation for a peace
that has lasted over forty years. That partnership --
rooted in common security interests, democratic values and
fee societies -- is the envy of the world. We must
sustain and nurture the trans-Atlantic relationship as we
move confidently towards the future.
(W678)
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 10, 1989
Dear Mrs. Sweet:
Thank you for your recent letter and for sharing this
additional material about your family.
In answer to your request, I am happy to provide a copy of
the President's Memorial Day speech in Nettuno, Italy. I
remember that day well, and can tell you that it was quite a
moving and memorable experience for everyone involved.
Thank you for taking the time to write. Best wishes to you
and your family.
Sincerely,
Chriss Winston
Chriss A. Winston
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Communications
Mrs. Donna Sue Sweet
1946 South Bonneview Drive
Bountiful, Utah 84010
Researcher
for
1
6/6/89
pls bandle
speed
Secretary to the President
Public Relations/Communications
White House
Washington, D.C. 10001
Dear Sir;
I am enclosing a clipping which was printed in the St. Louis Post
Dispatch about Pres. Bush's speech in Italy concerning my father, Donald W.
Kaspervik. I would very much like a transcript of the speech as I was not
able to see or hear it. If you have any idea as to how I might even obtain
a video of it, I would be very grateful.
I was very sorry that the person who researched the story was misled
by the one article which appeared in the Quincy Herald Whig (years ago) in
which it stated that Preston was the second son of Mrs. Rosen, when he was
actually her youngest. William was her second son and was the last to die.
He received an award for bravery posthumously, the Distinguished Flying
Cross. I was alive, although very young, and remember those times with my
mother and grandmother receiving the sad news of these deaths. Mrs. Emma
Kaspervik, their grandmother (my great-grandmother), was instrumental in
their upbringing, she was almost as close to these boys as their mother was
and she only had four grandchildren, all boys the fourth grandson was
not killed as he served in the Navy, but was never able to carry on a
normal life after the war even though he graduated at the top of his class
and was student body president in high school before he enlisted in the
service. His name was Jack L. Wheeler and he recently died in Belleville,
ext
II. (July 26, 1988) His mother (my great aunt) is still living who cared
for him all his life except for about six years when he was in the service
and then in mental hospitals afterwards. She lives here in Bountiful close
to me, we are the last two Kasperviks alive (except for my children and
grandchildren who carry the blood, if not the name.)
So this Kaspervik family has given more than their share of lives for
this country. I hope you can help me get the video of the President's
speech.
Thank you.
Mrs. Sincerely,
Mrs. Donna Sue (Kaspervik) Sweet
1946 S. Bonneview Dr.
Bountiful, UT 84010
Honors
10A
For The
Bush
Fallen
From page one
ing many Italians, that it is tradition
back home that the holiday marks the
Bush Pays Visit
beginning of the "rites of summer.
At Indianapolis, he said, the smells
To WWII Beach
of gasoline and coffee will mix at the
Indianapolis Motor Speedway. And
further west, there's going to be anoth-
By Lawrence M. O'Rourke
er race, as the blast of a ship's whistle
Post-Dispatch Washington Bureau
sends the riverboats Huck Finn and
NETTUNO, Italy, - In an American
Tom Sawyer steaming down the Mis-
cemetery by the Anzio beachhead
sissippi off the docks of St. Louis.
from which thousands of Americans
The president went to Nettuno to
started a bloody campaign in Italy 45
speak at the cemetery and attend
years ago, President George Bush
Mass in San Francesco Roman Catho-
honored the dead servicemen with a
lic Church a few hours before he flew
sentimental speech that included ref-
to Brussels to attend the 40th anniver
erences to St. Louis and Quincy, III.
sary celebration of the North Atlantic
The president, standing amid
Treaty Organization.
wreaths and looking toward fields of
The celebration may be shadowed
crosses and Stars of David over grave-
by a dispute between Bush and West
sites for 7,862 American servicemen,
German Chancellor Helmut Kohl over
reminded the living that "we need to
the deployment of a new generation of
keep a strong military deterrent to
short-range nuclear missiles called
prevent war.'
Lances in West Germany
His voice breaking as he choked
The dispute is fueled by a strong
with emotion, Bush talked about the
popular feeling in Western Europe
three Kaspervik brothers of Quincy,
that the Cold War between the Soviet
III.: Donald, Preston and William, who
Union and the West, which has
joined the Army Air Forces during
loomed the last 40 years, is ending as
World War II.
Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev
Donald died on maneuvers in New
changes Soviet policy,
Mexico, Bush said, and the "mother
Against the background of that dis-
grieved.' Preston was killed in com-
pute, Bush told his audience in Nettu-
bat in Italy. "And their mother was
no, "I think of generations of young
overcome once again.
people on both sides of the Atlantic
And 10 days later, the third broth-
who have grown up in peace and
er, William, went down during a dan-
prosperity.
gerous bombing mission over the
"With no experience of the horror
mountains of central Italy," the presi-
and destruction of war," Bush said, "it
dent said. "On the day of his death, his
may be difficult for them to under
mother received a letter from him
stand why we need to keep a strong
urging her not to worry. When the
military deterrent to prevent war and
third telegram came, she couldn't
to preserve freedom and democracy.
bring herself to go to the door."
The answer is here, among the quiet
William and Preston Kaspervik are
of the graves.
among those buried at the American
cemetery in Nettuno, a town of nar-
row streets 38 miles south of Rome.
Bush told his audience that back home
in Quincy on Sunday, veterans organi-
zations 'will honor Quincy's fallen na-
tives with a hometown parade down
Main Street, high above the banks of
the Mississippi.
At this, Memorial Day weekend
event, Bush told his audience, includ-
See BUSH, Page 10
From:
:
COLONEL KENNETH S. Pond
c/o AMERICAN EMBASSY
MEDITERRAnEAN OFFICE
AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION
APO NEW YORK 09794 - 0007
011-39-
7. VIA UMBRIA
TEL. OFF. (06) 4750157
00187 ROME, ITALY
HOME (06)3765925
980-0284
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DESCRIPTION: 2 color photos--headstone--Medal of Honor Recipients
of Belmont County
SERIES
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Speech File - Backup
FILE FOLDER TITLE:
Memorial Day Ceremony/American Cemetery/Nettuno, Italy [2]
5/28/89 [OA 6265]
TRANSFERRED BY:
DATE OF TRANSFER:
JGP
6/11/96
RECEIVED BY:
DATE RECEIVED
Mary Linch
6/11/96
MEDAL OF HONOR RI CIPIENTS
OF
BELMONT COUNTY
GEN. HENRY CAPEHART
CIVIL WAR
CAPT. NATHAN H.EDGERTON
CIVIL WAR
CAPT. SAMUEL McCONNELL
CIVIL WAR
SGT SYLVESTER ANTOLAK
W.W. n
SGT:
W.W. II
11: WITH
SGI DATE TIP ANTOI in
5071 PAILE DILLAR
ACME
SIGNAL CORPS PHOTO
As it was in the beginning: Artillerymen hold their ears
"The Tenth Engineering Battalion hung a bridge from the sky in a miracle of construe-
after firing the first big gun at the Italian mainland.
tion
"
All through Sicily, these miracles licked Nazi demolition efforts to halt our troops.
pointed their big guns out toward the sky like an arch
Sicily was next. At. 0200 hours on July 10, 1943, War
of sabers at a military wedding. The general leaned for-
Correspondent Michael Chinigo picked up a ringing
the first word, "Casablanca." The word crashed out
disturbing reports that American troops were landing
of his mouth. "Palermo." The sinking sun caught the
on the south coast. Chinigo calmly assured the general
barrels of the men's rifles. "Anzio," The American
there was nothing to the rumor. Then he strolled out
flag remembered and stirred with the breeze. "Rome."
to watch the landing craft disgorge the seasick in-
The first sergeant with the two-day growth of beard
fantrymen who had ridden out a violent midsummer
thought about Rome and smiled. "The Vosges."
storm in the Mediterránean.
The Third:
The machine guns across the river spluttered again.
The men with the division's blue-and-white-striped
Nuremberg." The general paused and waved his
square painted on the sides of their helmets started
hand at the ruins. Then he said it again, slowly, savor-
fighting their way toward a restraining line set up in
ing each syllable, "Nuremberg."
front of Palermo, the plan being to send the 2nd
He said something else-something about objectives
Armored Division across the line and into the city.
taken and history written and gallant men and su-
When 3rd Division infantrymen reached the restrain-
Tops in Honors
preme sacrifices. The groundling Air Force major, who
ing line, however, they began fudging, biting off a lit-
had come to Germany the easy way to assess bomb
tle larger chunk of enemy territory each day. Finally,
damage, and had never been shot at, shrugged his
twelve days after the jump-off, grinning soldiers from
shoulders and said, "This is like something out of a
the 3rd Division's 7th Infantry Regiment lounged on
bad movie." Everyone pretended not to hear him.
the curbs in ill-concealed amusement while chagrined
The general finished speaking and the band swung
tankers from the 2nd Armored charged into Palermo
By COLLIE SMALL
into Dogface Soldier, the rollicking division song that
under the illusion they were attacking the city.
starts, "I wouldn't give a bean to be a fancy-pants
The division rested a week in Palermo, then struck
marine." Then the tanks coughed and the song was
out along the single coastal highway toward Messina,
quickly lost in the roar of the big engines. The general
which fell seventeen days later after a torturous
The story of one of the
saluted, briskly crossed the dusty square, climbed into
ninety-mile advance. The second battalion of the 30th
his jeep with the red leather seats and drove away.
Regiment ran the enemy dizzy with amphibious end
greatest American divisions-
One by one, the tired doughs drifted out of Adolf Hitler
runs, twice landing troops from the sea behind the
thirty-one Congressional
Platz, up the hill and out through the sweet-smelling
enemy lines. When the 45th Division noted the suc-
courtyard where the apple trees were in bloom and
cess of this unorthodox maneuver, they attempted a
Medals-and its shooting
the four dead Germans lay turning to ivory.
similar amphibious operation and had the humiliating
Casablanca to Nuremberg.
The 3rd United States Infantry Division-the one
misfortune to land their troops in the rear quarter-
saturday Evening Poot
they called Rock of the Marne in another war-went
master area of the rival 3rd.
over the sides of the big gray transports and down the
Driving toward Messina, the division was stopped
nets into waiting assault boats on November 8, 1942,
cold when a section of the highway was blown off the
while many men at home were just reporting for their
face of a cliff that dropped straight into the sea. The
11, 1945
MUNICH, GERMANY.
pre-induction physicals. The code name for the inva-
10th Engineer Battalion hung a bridge from the sky in
T
machine guns across the river chattered im-
sion of North Africa was "Operation Torch." But
a miracle of construction, and in eighteen hours jeeps
patiently as the doughs from the other infantry
down in the tossing boats, the infantrymen shivered
were crossing the breath-taking span. Maj. Gen. Lucian
division worked their way along the rubble-
with cold and fear, and later, when they remembered,
K. Truscott, then division commander, spent the night
strewn lanes twisting through the mountainous ruins
they called it simply "the beginning."
with the engineers. "I'm going to stay here and look
of the old city. Progress had been slower over there,
The beginning was hardly a brilliant military opera-
impatient until they get the job done," he said. Dur-
but in the half of the town that lay north of the river,
tion. Many men were put ashore on the wrong beaches.
ing the night, a sweating engineer with an air hose
the two regiments had met in the medieval square re-
Others, overloaded with equipment, were spilled into
tripped over Truscott's feet and asked irritably, "Why
named Adolf Hitler Platz. The two-star general stood
the high-running sea and drowned. Officially, Pvt.
don't you get the hell out of here if you're not work-
with his feet wide apart and scowled as he surveyed
Earl Takala died first, killed by American naval shells
ing?" The general moved quietly out of the way. A
the debris he had conquered.
falling on Fort Blondin, near Fedala. The 3rd Division
few days later, a battalion from the 30th Regiment
In front of the smoking cathedral, the two weary
was preparing to attack Casablanca when the French
marched fifty-four blistering miles in thirty-three
platoons stood at present arms while the general's eyes
asked for an armistice. The division was moving up to
hours. Weary doughs sadly contemplated their burn-
traveled down the line of smudged faces. The tanks
attack in Tunisia when the Afrika Korps surrendered
ing feet and dubbed the grueling pace the "Truscott
facing each other from opposite sides of the square
before the 3rd could fire a shot.
Trot."
28
Vg
SIGNAL CORPS PHOTO
SIGNAL CORPS PHOTO
NAL CORPS PHOTO
Maj. Gen. John W. (Iron Mike) O'Daniel fixes Presidential citation streamer on his 30th
Journey's End. General Patch (atop Hitler's former
of construc-
Regiment's standards. He succeeded General Truscott. as commanding officer of the Third.
stand) reviews Third infantry in Nuremberg stadium.
our troops.
By the time the 3rd made its debut in Italy, it had
the resistance as light. Then it happened. The two bat-
Yanks stood in freezing foxholes, forcing themselves
0, 1943, War
matured into a crack, battle-wise division. It was mag-
talions walked suddenly into waves of fire from tanks,
to hold their guns steady. Down the draws came the
up "a ringing
nificently murderous. It could also be delightfully
self-propelled guns, flak wagons, machine guns and
figures in long green overcoats and shining mess gear.
acement near
screwball. In Italy, many combat officers adopted
rifles. There were Germans all around them. The late
American machine guns played back and forth, but
ral ask about
the custom of carrving swagger sticks. Although young
Col. William Darby-killed in Germany a few days
the Germans kept coming over the bodies of the dead
nooteu
strolled out
Park Lane in London, there is nothing suspicious
He tried to shove his 4th Battalion up to the rescue, but
defensive on March third. The commanding general
seasick in-
about young lieutenants who walk into battle swing-
they were unable to get through. The Germans hacked
of the British 1st Division, also locked in the Anzio
midsummer
ing gold-headed canes. As a matter of fact, it looks
away at the 900 trapped Americans. Darby called his
beachhead, sent a thankful message to the 3rd Divi-
fine. The division also managed to bedazzle the coun-
old sergeant major, who had the last remaining radio
sion: "Congratulations on your work out there. Our
white-striped
tryside by plastering its insigne on everything from
somewhere out in the swirling battle.
boys have been bucked up quite a bit."
mets started
helmets to latrines. This practice was so zealously
Issue some orders, but don't let the boys give up,"
Maj. Gen. John W. (Iron Mike) O'Daniel, who still
ne set up in
followed that Axis Sally, the German propaganda
Darby pleaded. "Who's walking in with their hands
carries the jagged scar a German machine gun left on
nd the 2nd
queen, remarked disconsolately on one of her broad-
up? Don't let them do it. Get the officers to shoot.
his cheek in the first World War, took over the division
to the city.
casts, 'As long as there is enough blue and white paint
Do that before you give up. We're coming through.
when General Truscott assumed command of the
the restrain-
in the world, there will always be a Third Division."
Hang on to this radio until the last minute. How many
6th Corps. O'Daniel led the 3rd when it jumped off on
ing off a lit-
After a bitter fight on the approaches to Cassino,
men are still with you? Stick together. Use your head
May twenty-third against Cisterna again. The first
ay. Finally,
the division came out and went into training for the
and do what is best You're there and I'm here, un-
assault had been a bitter lesson. This time the infantry-
oldiers from
bloodiest battle in its career-Anzio. The 3rd Division
fortunately, and I can't help you. But whatever hap-
men changed tactics. Instead of infiltrating, thereby
lounged on
fought for its life on the flat, shell-swept beachhead
pens, God bless you."
running the risk again of being cut off from armored
le chagrined
while ten battalions from seven German divisions
The 3rd's infantrymen moved across the canal-
support, the division hurled itself against the enemy's
nto Palermo
sat in an iron ring on the perimeter and hammered
laced marshes to within 2000 yards of Cisterna before
forward positions in a series of violent rolling-up
city.
relentlessly at the desperate defenders. The men sat
they were driven back. With the Rangers cut to pieces,
attacks.
then struck
in water-filled foxholes for weeks on end, sometimes
the two regiments withdrew and dug in. Worried com-
Success in the second breakout attempt cost more
rd Messina,
with only fifty yards separating them from the German
manders ordered the battered division to take up de-
than failure had in the first. For three weeks the
a torturous
foxholes, afraid to let the tops of their helmets show
fensive positions. Anzio had proved to be the bear
division, concealed by a constant screen of smoke, had
of the 30th
above the muddy parapets. Casualties, even before the
whose tail the Allies had grabbed and couldn't let go.
practiced assaulting strong points in a pine woods be-
hibious end
disastrous attempt to take Cisterna, were dangerously
Starting on February sixteenth, the Germans opened
hind the beachhead perimeter. The night before the
behind the
high. At Anzio, a regimental commander delivered
a series of vicious counterattacks. Virtually the whole
attack, the doughs marched out of the woods in twos
ed the suc-
a now-famous welcoming speech to a group of worried
division was rushed into the firing line. Corp. Erick
while the division band played Dogface Soldier. They
ttempted a
replacements fresh from the States.
Gibson, a Swedish immigrant who joined the Army
attacked at 6:15 in the morning, three regiments
humiliating
Close in, so you can hear me," the colonel barked.
to become a cook in the 3rd Division, won the Congres-
abreast. Casualties were higher than ever, 995 men
ar quarter-
He looked around. "You're going up as replacements
sional Medal of Honor for wiping out three machine-
the first day. One battalion attacked Cisterna from
to the best damn regiment in the United States Army,
gun nests. On the drizzling morning of February
the rear and had a bitter fight in a cemetery. But
vas stopped
he said. "You'll be expected to live up to the tradi-
twenty-eighth, the enemy attacked in waves. Shivering
within seven days the
(Continued on Page 86)
own off the
tions of that regiment and that division. You're going
he sea. The
to suffer. You came here to suffer. You're going to suf-
n the sky in
fer everything the Boche can throw at you and you're
hours jeeps
going to suffer everything that goes with this miserable
THE GREAT DIVISIONS
Gen. Lucian
damn climate. But you're going to take it like men.
nt the night
Listen to what the men up there tell you about how to
Like individual soldiers, the great combat divi-
and characters, the Post in this issue begins a
re and look
sions of the United States Army and Marine Corps
series of articles on them. These articles, written
kill Germans. You're new, but as far as we're con-
said. Dur-
cerned, you're every bit as good a man, each one of
have their own distinctive personalities, and their
by war correspondents who have served with the
an air hose
own distinguished personal histories. To know
divisions they cover and know intimately, will ap-
you, as the best man in the division until or unless
that this is so, you need only to see the inner
pear in future issues from time to time. Needless
ably, Why
you show us therwise."
glow reflected in a field soldier's face when he
to say, the articles are not intended to rate any of
not work-
They couldn be afraid to die, because at 0100 hours
says "my old outfit"; the only other words which
the historic units, fighting on various fronts
the way. A
on January 30, 1944, two regiments of the 3rd, along
invoke that quick flash of warmth are "home"
against varying odds, above the others-we doubt
Regiment
with the 1st and 3rd Ranger battalions, moved out of
and "mother" and "wife." To introduce you to
if even General Marshall would attempt that.
hirty-three
the beachhead in a bloody, unsuccessful attempt to
the great divisions, and all their special qualities
-The Editors.
their burn-
take Cisterna. The Rangers went out first, and by day-
"Truscott
light were within 800 yards of Cisterna and reporting
29
86
THE SATURDAY EVENING POST
August 11, 1945
THE THIRD:
kept firing. Then, just as he emptied his
against a stubborn enemy pocket. He
Rushing headlong down the hill came the
tommy gun again, another burst of fire
found a platoon pinned down in their
gray-green wave. Ross waited until the
TOPS IN HONORS
ripped into him and he slumped over,
foxholes. The general leaped from his
Germans were only a dozen yards away.
dead. Johnson, meanwhile, walked to
jeep and shouted to the men in the holes,
His gun sang out and enemy infantry-
(Continued from Page 29)
within five yards of a machine-gun crew
'Give me a line of skirmishers!" Then,
men were cut down like blades of grass
and emptied his automatic rifle into
brandishing his only weapon, a pistol,
under an invisible scythe. The enemy
division had overrun the fortified houses
them. He reloaded and coolly killed at
Iron Mike set sail with the men close be-
withdrew, then attacked again, concen-
outside Cisterna and had gone on past
least four riflemen on his left. A burst of
hind. After a spirited fight, during which
trating the heaviest fire on the indom-
the fallen city to cut famed Highway 6,
machine-gun fire hit him, forcing him to
the general did considerable shooting,
itable private. Grenades exploded all
main avenue of escape toward Rome.
his knees, mortally wounded. Then
the pocket was cleaned out. It was near
around him. Ross, head and shoulders
The division kept going. New men
Johnson, too, swaying unsteadily, fired
Vesoul, too, that Lt. John Tominac, of
completely exposed, stuck fast. There
from the States arrived. The price of
one last burst and fell forward.
Lincoln, Nebraska, put on a wild one-
were seven more counterattacks. In the
fighting with the gallant 3rd through
The division turned toward Rome.
man show that won him the Medal of
lull between the seventh and eighth
the bloody Italian campaign was high.
The actual entry into the city was in the
Honor. Tominac ran back and forth
counterattacks, riflemen from Ross'
In France, months later, the men told
nature of a military cakewalk. As the
across a road between his two squads,
company, most of them out of ammuni-
their favorite story: How a young para-
division approached the Italian capital,
leading two attacks at once; leaped
tion, took up positions behind him in
trooper from the famed 101st Airborne
word got around that the troops were in
aboard a burning runaway Sherman tank
echelon. Finally, the eighth attack piled
Division buttonholed an unsuspecting
grave danger of becoming involved in a
and, despite a shoulder wound, manned
up and the Germans broke and withdrew
infantryman from the 3rd Division and
.liberation skirmish with the beauteous
the .50-caliber machine gun in the blaz-
just as Ross' gun went silent. Eight sur-
regaled him with tales from Bastogne.
female population of Rome. The di-
ing turret, jumping to safety just as the
viving riflemen withdrew toward a com-
Legend has it that the 3rd Division sol-
vision was selected to garrison the city
tank crashed into a series of German rifle
pany command post, but Ross, believing
dier listened politely until the para-
for two weeks after its fall. At the end
pits and exploded; stood out in front of a
more ammunition might be on the way,
trooper finished his bloodcurdling story.
of that time, observers were freely
cluster of fortified houses and threw hand
refused to leave.
Then he motioned the paratrooper into a
predicting complete chaos it some-
grenades wildly until thirty-one enemy
Then the ninth and last counterattack
chair and said, "Now I'm going to bore
thing wasn't done about the situa-
officers and men surrendered; and other-
started. The Germans laid down a mur-
you with a few details about Anzio."
tion. The battle of the Grand Hotel was
wise conducted himself in a manner be-
derous fire. When Ross failed to answer
Ultimately, before the war in Europe
lost irretrievably when 3rd Division offi-
coming a human cyclone.
with his machine gun, enemy riflemen
was over, the 3rd Division was to amass
cers, who had taken over the sumptuous
The cold winds had begun to blow
rushed forward to finish him. They were
the incredible total of thirty-one Con
establishment, were driven off the prem-
when the division started through the
closing in when several Americans
gressional Medals of Honor more than
ises by British forces armed with official-
Vosges Mountains in October. For two
rushed up with six boxes of machine-gun
25 per cent of the total number awarded
looking eviction papers and supported
endless months, infantrymen inched over
ammunition. Loading as rapidly as he
to infantrymen in World War II to date.
by a frightening array of "brass." In
the narrow, muddy roads, fought through
could stuff in the belts, Ross squeezed
When the division, a part of the 7th
addition, so many troops had disappeared
the snow and ice, spanned rushing rivers
off burst after burst into the mass for-
Army, reached its twenty-eighth Medal
into the carnival maelstrom that officers
and defeated a crack German mountain
mation. Within seconds, the young Ken-
of Honor, an officer in the neighboring
were standing guard in lieu of absent sol-
division in a decisive battle near the vil-
tuckian had piled fifty bodies in front of
3rd Army is reported to have put down
diers. Generals were shining their own
lage of Les Hautes Jacques.
his gun, forty dead and ten wounded.
his Stars and Stripes and said wonder-
shoes. The division quickly rounded up
The Germans in the Vosges were en-
The action had taken five hours. Thirty-
ingly, "What kind of outfit is that, any-
casualtiesof the celebration and moved on.
trenched in deep dugouts with roofs and
one hours later, Ross came down the
HEA
way? They have twenty-eight Medals
For the fourth time in their history,
parapets of logs, rocks and sandbags.
hill, a successful-and living-candidate
TIPS
of Honor in one division-they're lousy
3rd Division infantrymen came from the
On Hill 616, an objective of the 30th
for the Congressional Medal.
ONT(
with medals. We have two in the whole
sea to land on a hostile shore when, on
Regiment, a full company of German in-
After the wintry campaign in the
damned Third Army."
August 15, 1944, the Allies invaded
fantrymen sat waiting. The Americans
Vosges, the 3rd Division hurled its
It was near Valmontone, Italy, that
Southern France in the perfect opera-
started moving up the hill. Company G
weight into the bitter battle of the Col-
two youthful privates were awarded the
tion." Twenty-four hours after the first
moved into heavy cross machine-gun
mar pocket and broke the German back.
DIESEL
ENGINE
Dattie patrol, PVt. 1/c Her-
AMERICA'S
man coastal defenses. Maneuvering bril-
from their objective. The men frantically
bert E. Christian, of Steubenville, Ohio,
March, with Iron Mike O'Daniel drop-
ENGINE LUBRI
liantly, the 3rd turned west, cut off
dug foxholes.
and Pvt. Eldon H. Johnson, of East
ping notes from a tiny liaison plane to
Toulon and Marseille, and then raced up
Then Pvt. Wilburn K. Ross, a lanky
Weymouth, Massachusetts, died to-
his platoon leaders, the division fought
the beautiful Rhone Valley.
light machine gunner from Strunk, Ken-
through the Siegfried Line, crossed the
gether the night of June 3, 1944
Near Vesoul, last stop on the invasion
tucky, carried his gun out to a spot ten
The stars were out when the patrol
Rhine south of Worms, sprinted across
line, Iron Mike personally led an attack
yards in front of the foremost riflemen.
started through the American lines. They
250 miles of Southern Germany and
had started moving across a large clear-
swept down on the Nazi shrine city of
ing when the enemy reacted. Three Ger-
Nuremberg from the north on April
man tanks suddenly raked the patrol
RIVETS
nineteenth, the day before Hitler's last
with deadly 20-mm. slugs and machine-
birthday. From the south, the 45th
gun fire while an estimated sixty riflemen
Division, once again attacking with the
fired deadly volleys into the group from
3rd, fought its way toward the swastika-
each flank. The patrol leader was killed.
bedecked Nuremberg stadium, scene of
The rest, trapped, hurled themselves on
so many obscenely pompous Nazi carni-
vals.
the ground. German flares shot up,
lighting the clearing like an arena.
The doughs fought down the battered
While the men huddled on the ground,
streets of a city bombed and shelled into
Christian and Johnson stood up. They
such a wasteland of hollow buildings and
motioned the rest of the men to escape
rubble that many of us who remembered
St. Lô and Aachen tried to recall whether
to the rear while they engaged the enemy
alone. Christian had hardly moved be-
they were as completely demolished.
Smoke from a hundred fires climbed
fore 20-mm. shells blew off his right leg
just above the knee. He dropped heav-
lazily up into the blue sky on the after-
noon of the nineteenth when "Task
ily, but somehow managed to keep him-
Force Press" made its usual arrival on
self upright. He clutched his tommy
gun. His face was twisted with pain, but
the wrong road. Two of us, in a battered
he stayed erect on his left knee, swaying
jeep named "Happy," drove into the
unsteadily while blood spurted on the
city on the road from Erlangen. At the
TRACK-TYPE
PULLS COi
grass from the stump of his right leg
city limits, a huge 3rd Division sign pro-
HARVESTER-1
with each faltering heartbeat. With a
claimed sternly: "This city off limits ex-
supreme effort, Christian lurched for-
cept for official business."
ward, firing his tommy gun into the
Nuremberg was eerily quiet, and Pvt.
shadowy figures of the Germans. While
Norman Villata, of Endicott, New York,
his gun chattered, Johnson moved to-
our driver, looked at the sign and said
ward the machine gun that had killed
uncomfortably, Wonder when this
the patrol leader. Tracers sliced past
place was captured." Dust and debris
him, but Johnson, stopping every few
covered everything. Trolley wires dan-
steps to fire his automatic rifle, moved
gled into the streets. We passed a dead
through the bullets like a ghost. The
American tanker lying in the street on
Germans were shaken. While the other
his back beside a knocked-out Sherman.
men in the ambushed patrol watched in-
In the next block, a dust-caked soldier
credulously from the woods to which
leaned up against a building, idly con-
they had withdrawn, the two men kept
templating the press jeep under the uni-
moving forward.
versal misconception of all soldiers that
Christian, in all, lurched some twenty
correspondents know what they are do-
yards, halting ten yards from the enemy.
ing. We pulled over and Villata said,
'When did this town fall?"
Still erect, he killed a burp gunner, re-
loaded his tommy gun and opened fire
The dough shifted his rifle and favored
again. Frantic enemy soldiers massed
us with a long, quizzical look. Then he
STAI
the fire of all their weapons on Christian.
SIXTA
pointed to two Shermans in the block
THE SATURDAY EVENING POST
Bullets pumped into his body, but he
ahead. "Them's the front lines," he said.
(Continued on Page 88)
88
THE SATURDAY EVENING POST
August 11, 1945
(Continued from Page 86)
through the thick wooden gates and
As an afterthought, he added, "And
burg. Then, at 4:30 in the morning, the
rumbled into the inner street. On its
don't ask me where battalion is. I ain't
3rd slipped a battalion of infantrymen
sides were the words, printed in chalk,
seen battalion for two weeks."
into the heart of the city on tanks over a
EASY, LORD, SHE'S AFRAID OF THUNDER.
The German defenders of Nuremberg
route provided by German civilians,
The doughs worked their way along,
members of the Bavarian Freedom
fell back slowly. Civilians emerged from
keeping their heads down low and run-
Movement.
cellars and in several instances attacked
ning across the open places when the
doughboys with picks and shovels. Dur-
Riding on jeeps, ducks and trucks, the
enemy snipers or machine gunners
whole division sped down the wide four-
ing the night at the command post of a
opened up. Columns of dirty, bloody
lane "Autobahn" superhighway to Mun-
company under Capt. Robert Fleet, of
prisoners came up the street. Small-
Oakland, California, a band of some
ich in one giant column. There was an-
arms fire got hotter. One soldier, safe in
fifty screaming soldiers and civilians
other fight-with the 3rd and other
the shelter of a building while a German
American units participating. Then
were driven off only after they had
machine gunner peppered the area, sat
Munich, too, surrendered. Prisoners
stormed the door of the building, clutch-
placidly singing in a froggy voice, "I'll
ing grenades in each hand.
streamed in by the thousands. There was
give all my ammunition to the Forty-
little fighting now except when the fast-
April twentieth was Hitler's birthday.
fifth Division and you can send me to the
moving division overran columns of
Then the doughs reached the massive
U.S.A." Capt. Hollis Limprecht, of
fleeing German horse-drawn vehicles and
HAIRWAYS
wall around the inner medieval city.
Lincoln, Nebraska, said, "The people at
shot them off the roads. Near Rosen-
Flames danced out-of-the-tower-of-a
you you
cathedral and small-arms fire rang out
heim, the 3rd captured a lofty bridge
heard a guy singing in the middle of an
arching across the swift Inn River and
everywhere as the infantrymen assaulted
attack," and I said, "I know it."
drove into Salzburg, which fell without
the wall. They blew a hole in it and F
Finally, the firing died down and the
a fight.
This is the hairway in
Company started squirming through into
doughs from the 7th Regiment pushed
Columns from half a dozen divisions
the inner city, each man carefully avoid-
ahead into Adolf Hitler Platz at 10:25
Melanesia, so G.I.s say.
ing a grenade booby trap on a block of
were slashing across Southern Germany
A.M. Men from the 30th Regiment
like arrows shot from the hub of a wheel.
But the American way is
fallen masonry just inside the entrance.
came in from the other side and met
Sgt. Robert Taylor, of Live Oak, Cali-
There was a race for Berchtesgaden,
the "JERIS-WAY." To
them. The tired infantrymen lounged on
fornia, a squad leader, stood waiting his
Hitler's hideaway, by-passed by the 3rd
the floor of a gutted building on the
in its drive to Salzburg. The 3rd doubled
have easy to comb,
turn to move through the hole with a
square, across from the smoking cathe-
violin case clutched in his hand.
back from Salzburg and entered the
dral. The corporal from Texas opened
town from one direction while a small
well-groomed hair, free
"What's in the violin case, sergeant?"
the violin case that the sergeant had
French spearhead force came in from the
somebody asked.
from loose dandruff,
brought him and played Swanee River
The sergeant looked surprised. "A
other side. After Berchtesgaden, there
while the sergeant accompanied him on a
violin, naturally," he said.
was no place to go. The division sat and
massage your scalp
wheezing mouth organ. One dough stood
waited for V-E Day, and when it did
"Can you play it?" the other dough
daily with
at a battered cash register, trying to ring
said.
come, a few days later, nobody seemed
up a sale. Another had found a deck of
very excited about it. The Bavarian
"Naw, one of my buddies does."
playing cards and sat vainly trying to
"Then why are you carrying it?"
Alps echoed far into the night from the
sail them into his upturned helmet.
"Look," the sergeant said. "Stop ask-
crash of shells hurled up into the high
There was no firing now, except across
ing me foolish questions. I carry it be-
valleys from 600 guns, but that's about
the river, and it sounded far away. The
all there was to it.
cause he has to carry ammunition. Now
colonel got on the radiophone and called
The 3rd didn't have much to celebrate,
shut up."
back to regiment.
Nearly 35,000 men, more than twice the
The line kept moving into the battered
HAIR TONIC
"Tell them they can have their parade
original strength of the division, were
street on the other side of the wall where
now," he said.
bombed-out civilians had methodically
dead, wounded or missing in action. The
corrects loose dandruff
3rd Infantry Division had suffered more
pasted change-of-address notices to what-
After Nuremberg, the weary 3rd
casualties on its bloodv road to glorv
mounted on a Sherman tank shoved still fought on. There was a fight at Augs- things like that.
On Feet For
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cleus of an amoeba has been removed
you want. Get it today at all druggists.
with a microneedle in a study of
enzymes-those chemical ferments
SANFORD'S
which have so much to do with our
digestion-and the denucleated
Famous namei
amoeba kept alive for twenty-four
INK
M
EN who carve the Lord's Prayer
isolated by a micrurgist using micro-
hours while its enzymatic activity
on the heads of pins have noth-
tweezers. Cells so selected can repro-
was determined.
ing on a group of today's scientists
duce their progeny ad infinitum, as a
Micrurgy has also proved its worth
whose tools are so tiny that a set of
result of which, scientists believe,
in the field of machinery. During
them would fit in a thimble. They
your postwar loaf of bread will be
the desert fighting in Africa, our air-
are, in fact, indistinguishable to the
smoother textured and better tast-
plane engines were being blasted to
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ual cells have been stretched without
ture of their penetration of the
IRON
comparatively new science known as
injury, given injections, operated on
metal, and paved the way for pro-
micrurgy.
and dissected. One injection was a
duction of sand-proof engine casings.
Recently
MENDS FURNITURE
Even during the great advances in
dye which normally will not color
Similar studies have been' made of
operatio
Easy to use. Nomixing. Also mends toys,
science made possible by the micro-
protoplasm. When it was injected
rust particles for the development of
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scope, there must have been many
into a living cell with a microscopic
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double S
bottles or larger sizes from 1/4-pint up.
times when researchers have felt
glass needle, the color spread through
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McCormick & Co., Baltimore 2, Md.
limited by lack of tools specifically
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In the future, micrurgy will un-
AN ELEPHANT STRENGTH
designed to handle and even probe
This meant that it was only the outer
doubtedly be used in manufacturing
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membrane-you might say the
and repairing microfine machine
Take a cluster of cells whose individ-
skin-of the cell which was imper-
pieces, and many more tools will be
PULVEX
ual diameters are measured by mi-
meable to the dye, and also demon-
developed on the micro scale. We
crons-millionths of a meter-how
strated what was previously only a
can't help wondering what would
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would you separate one from an-
hypothesis-that this skin is of a
happen to a micro-monkey wrench
other? Well, recently, for the first
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From Chateau-Thierry to Anzio to Wonsan
THE FIGHTING THIRD
The indomitable men of the "Rock Division" blazed a trail of blood and courage across
the battlegrounds of France, Italy and Korea to bring America glory in three wars
By GLENN D. KITTLER
EDITOR'S NOTE: Every fighting division in the Army and. Marine
Corps has a special personality all its own, compounded of the men
who have led and served in it, the places it has jought, the tradi-
tions that give it life. SAGA presénts this month the first in a
series of vivid stories of these great divisions. Next month, the story
of the 25th (Tropic Lightning) Infantry Division. Watch for yours!
LIEUTENANT DURKEE was out of ammunition. Ahead of
him, dug deep into the hill, were the Reds. They had to
be killed. Durkee glanced around: Fighters of his platoon
were inching upward, slaughtering every Chinaman in
sight. Upward was the only direction Durkee could move.
He had no bullets left, but he still had his bayonet.
Five yards ahead, a Commie rose slowly from a foxhole
and aimed his rifle at Durkee. Before he could squeeze
the trigger, the lieutenant raced to the foxhole and buried
his bayonet in the Commie's chest.
The Chinaman died before he could scream. Durkee
tugged at his bayonet to free it, but it was stuck in the
dead man's ribs. Putting his foot on the Red's belly to hold
him still, Durkee plunged and yanked at the bayonet, but
it wouldn't come out.
Out of the corner of his eye, he saw another Chinaman,
yards away, aiming at him. Unarmed, Durkee ran forward
and grabbed the Red's rifle by the bayonet. With a sudden
twist, Durkee jerked the weapon out of the man's hands,
Repoy "50 "ET and met
Aq personted eq
10
NOTICE: This material may
SAGA
The men of the Third were at their best in quick, sudden fighting like this house-to-house warfare in Sicily which won them a unit citation.
then clubbed him to death with the butt of his own gun.
leaving the men restless and tense. Across the Marne, the
Now carrying an enemy rifle, Durkee continued up Hill
Germans were grouping. At last, six weeks later, at mid-
221, at Uijonbu, Korea, killing Communists.
night of July 15, the enemy attacked.
Hours later, when a crowd of GIs secured the hill, among
By dawn, crossings were made by small boats, pontoons
them was First Lieutenant Richard W. Durkee, 1st Platoon,
and bridges. The division's front lines viciously repulsed
Company L, 65th Infantry Regiment-the Third Division.
two landings. Before noon, the Marne was ruddy with
That is the way men of the Third Division have fought
German blood; hundreds of dead bodies twirled in the
through three wars. Time after time, the toughest jobs
river's swift current.
have gone to the Third.
Having started, the Germans couldn't stop. Wave after
Organized at Camp Greene, North Carolina, in November,
wave, they struggled across the Marne, finally over-
1917, the Third was overseas and ready for battle within
whelming the division's first line and racing toward the
five months. Late in May, 1918, word seeped through
second. Soon the inner defenses felt the mighty attack.
enemy lines that the Germans were planning a big push on.
So fierce was the battle that top brass at headquarters re-
Chateau-Thierry. French troops were already there, but
luctantly considered the possibility that the division might
not in sufficient strength to block a major attack. Im-
collapse. But from the trenches came the assurance:
mediately, the Third Division was ordered into the area.
"We will not yield."
For three days, without rest, division units moved into
It was a week of hell. No man slept. No weapon, from
position along the Marne River, from Chateau-Thierry to
giant cannon to sidearm, had time to cool. The division
Varennes. Defense lines were four deep, stretching from
officers had figured correctly. Stretched thin across the
the river back to the foothills. Total collapse would have
growing battlefields, the Germans soon exhausted them-
meant the fall of Paris and the loss of the war. Every
selves. At precisely the right moment, the Third seized
man was instructed not to retreat a step. Commanders
the offensive and launched a brutal retaliation. Germans
believed that, should the Germans penetrate the first two
bent like tall grass in a summer storm. Back they fell in
or three defense lines, they would be weakened by the
disordered retreat, throwing themselves into the Marne
time they reached the fourth, and could then be crushed.
like blinded lemmings.
The waiting began. Nervous days painfully ebbed away,
Its lost ground recaptured, the division continued its pur-
SEPTEMBER, 1954
11
Major General Lucian K. Truscott (right) of the "Rock Division"
rides to Sicilian front in 1943 on a motorcycle over bombed roads.
eight more Medal of Honor citations, and piled up more
victories.
They were victories won in calm determination-a cool
confidence vividly depicted by an unknown GI who, in
Sicily, fulfilled the dream of every enlisted man: He told
off the general.
The division had chased retreating Nazis across the top
of Sicily toward Cape Calava. Earlier reports that the area
was well laced with highways proved false; there was only
one road, and it wound precariously through the mountains.
To delay the division, the Nazis blew up a road section that
hung to the mountainside like a shelf. The job of con-
structing a bridge across the gap fell to the 10th Engineers.
Men worked ceaselessly through the moonless and un-
bearably hot night. To hasten the engineers, Major General
Lucian K. Truscott, Jr., the division commander (now a
lieutenant general) remained with them, crossing the
bridge step by step as the men built it.
suit, following the Germans across the Marne and north-
One GI, hurrying back to his job with a load of lumber,
ward. The Battle of the Marne had cost the Division
bumped against the general and tripped. Getting up, the
7,500 men and 500 officers, killed or wounded. But the
GI muttered angrily, "Why don't you get the hell out of
Germans' losses were incalculable.
here if you're not working?"
The Third had kept its pledge: It did not yield.
The general stepped aside.
Ever since the Third staved off that last massive German
Sicily was an infantryman's battleground, and General
drive to take Paris, it has been known as the "Rock
Truscott had prepared his men well for it. He had joined
Division." And a rock it has been-immovable in defense,
the division soon after the Casablanca landing-its first
an avalanche in attack.
campaign of World War II. And it had been a miserable
The Nazis came to know that avalanche well when, in
campaign.
World War II, the Third swept across thousands of miles
Death was waiting in the sea that night of November 8,
from the shores of Casablanca to Hitler's front porch at
1942. Coxswains, unfamiliar with the shores, piled boats up
Berchtesgaden. In less than three years of almost constant
on the coral reefs or headed off in the wrong direction
fighting, men of the Third won 39 Congressional Medals
entirely. Several boats, loaded with men, roared directly
of Honor-more than any other division-and wrenched
into Casablanca harbor where enemy ships knocked them
victory from the grip of the stubborn enemy in ten savagely
off like ducks. You would have thought they were going
fought campaigns. In Korea, the men of the Third won
enthusiastically to watch an intercollegiate rowing regatta.
In ten campaigns the Third battled from hedgerow to jence, right up to Hitler's front door, to become most decorated unit in World War 11.
12
SAGA
The Fighting Third blasted and bayoneted its way back from the early setbacks in Korea and was the first outfit to re-cross the 38th Parallel.
To make matters worse, H-hour had been changed at
as the Truscott Trot-five miles in the first hour, eight
the last moment, and troopships scheduled for the first as-
miles in the next two, then three-and-a-half miles an
sault arrived late, pounded beach areas where GIs were
hour for the remainder of a 30-mile hike. At the end of
battling to grab a toehold. Despite the long planning and
the hike, the men were ordered to crawl across a field
scheming, Americans were getting their battle-baptism in
of buzzing bullets or make a practice beach landing.
their own blood. Of the 300 landing craft in the attack,
At first, the GIs of the Third wondered whose side Tru-
219 were lost-mostly through our own errors. The five-day
scott was on in the war. Their first days left them
sweep across the 16 miles to Casablanca-against only
totally exhausted, too tired even for sleep. But as the weeks
sporadic opposition-cost the lives of 66 GIs, with 234
passed, they were surprised by their own endurance and
wounded. Millions in equipment was lost, and some 3,000
pleased with their new muscles. They began to think the
Americans were seriously hurt-some died-in accidents
Old Man wasn't such a bad guy after all.
often miles from combat.
On July 4, 1943, a division of lean, rugged young men
It had been an expensive 16 miles, and when General
stood on the African desert and heard General Truscott tell
Truscott took over the division he recognized that the high
them:
price must be charged against inexperience. He was deter-
"You are going now to meet the Boche. Carve your name
mined it would not happen again.
in his face!"
The decision didn't win him much love. He instituted
The well-trained Rockmen accepted the challenge.
a rigorous training program that was in certain respects
The Sicily landing was neat. Within seven hours, the 15th
rougher than combat. He ordered a hike that became known
Regiment crushed the town of (Continued on page 66)
SEPTEMBER, 1954
13
The Fighting Third
opposing positions were often less than 50
continued from page 13
yards apart. You could hear the enemy sol-
diers talking during lulls between artillery
Licáta, then raced northward. At Agri-
"After you, Alfonse."
bursts. It was harder to gain a foot at
gento, the division took 6,000 prisoners in
"After you, Gaston."
Anzio than to advance a mile on many
one day.
The action was swift and clean. Reds
another battleground.
Nearby, First Lieutenant David C. Way-
who tried to escape northward ran into the
On the move was T/5 Eric G. Gibson, a
bur of the 3rd Recon Group was leading
waiting guns of the UN flank movement.
cook with Company I, 30th Infantry. One
a jeep patrol to free a trapped Ranger unit
Across the river, men in the hillside fox-
day, Gibson had told his CO: "I'm tired of
when he encountered four Italian tanks.
holes watched the mop-up as pleasurably
tossing flapjacks while the other guys are
Immediately, the patrol opened fire and the
as if it were a movie.
tossing grenades."
heavily armed tanks retaliated. Waybur,
Task Force Hawkins returned in a few
The officer had been afraid of this; he
who had come up through the ranks,
hours, having killed or routed an entire
knew it would come eventually. Gibson
grabbed a submachine gun from his rid-
battalion and taken 48 prisoners. The Third
was a good cook, as important a man as a
dled jeep and, standing in the middle of
hadn't had a fight like it in any war. GIs
good gunner. But he wanted to fight.
the road, fired a burst directly through the
were grinning all over the place.
"Okay," the CO said, "but only when we're
first tank's view-slots. Its crew wounded,
But there was a night, two weeks later,
on the line. Otherwise, you cook."
the tank swerved and ran into a river. The
when nobody grinned. Interrogated prison-
Gibson grinned happily.
remaining tanks opened full fire on Way-
ers had disclosed that on the night of April
On a January morning, Gibson grabbed
bur.
22, the Communists planned a full-scale
a submachine gun and joined a squad as-
"Give it to them!" he hollered to his pa-
attack. They weren't kidding. Right on
signed to attack German positions along a
trol.
schedule, more than 20,000 Reds stormed
stream ditch. The squad had gone only a
Bullets ripped through the moon-gray
UN positions some 20 miles north of Seoul.
few steps when a machine-pistol burst sent
night. Standing 30 yards from the tanks,
The zone became a madhoùse of murder.
them scurrying into the bushes. Gibson ran
Waybur continued firing, ignoring his own
Trumpets blew, Reds screamed and flour-
up the ditch, through a rain of bullets,
wounds. Stunned by the heated battle, the
ished swords. Aware of the attack
directly to a clump of bushes. He stuck his
remaining crews abandoned their vehicles
strength, UN commanders told their men
submachine gun into it and let fire. When
and the three tanks were captured intact.
not to hold their positions, but to with-
other squad members joined him, they saw
Meanwhile, the Truscott Trot was paying
draw slowly, making the enemy pay heav-
the dead German.
off. The 30th Regiment walked 54 miles in
ily for every foot.
Seconds later, more bullets came from
33 hours across rugged country, then im-
The enemy paid. Bodies of Red soldiers
75 yards away. Again Gibson ran forward
mediately attacked San Stefano Quisquiana
piled up like dead fish. But there was no
to another bush, poked in his gun and shot.
and took the town after four hours of fierce
stopping them. They encircled and wiped
Out walked a German, surrendering. On
fighting.
out a British battalion; their artillery
the ground was another dead one.
In five days after the landing, the di-
pounded hell out of a Turk outfit. They
Proceeding further along the ditch, the
vision had captured 100 miles of Sicilian
kept coming and coming.
squad was again struck by heavy machine-
ground and was the first Allied unit to en-
Private Louis Gaybrant, of Company G,
gun fire. Gibson ordered the men to cover
ter Palermo.
7th Infantry, saw them. He had taken a
him with their own weapons while he
Without pausing, the 3rd Battalion of the
position 100 yards in front of his machine-
crawled within 35 yards of the third nest,
15th Regiment swept southward into the
stood and threw two grenades, then raced
valley where, after five days of house-to-
through the smoke, his tommy-gun blaz-
house fighting, they took San Fratello, and
ing. The toll: two more dead Germans and
with it, 500 prisoners. The action won the
another prisoner.
battalion the Distinguished Unit Citation.
It was in such action as this that the
OCTOBER SAGA
As yet, none of the other men in the
squad had fired a shot at the enemy. It was
Third was at its best. Quick, sudden fight-
strictly Gibson's fight. Leading the men
ing was what the Rockmen preferred. And
on sale at all newsstands
on, he rounded a turn in the ditch. Gun
it was that kind of fighting that later won
bursts raised dust all around him. By the
them additional glory in Korea, in one of
time the squad reached Gibson, he was
the most astonishing battles in the Divi-
August 31st
dead. But a few feet away was the Ger-
sion's history.
man operator of a machine pistol-also
Early in April, 1951, a battalion of Red
dead.
Chinese held a horseshoe of land, one mile
Anzio demanded that kind of men. And
by two, on the north banks of the Hantan
Korea demanded the kind of men who first
River. The United Nations command want-
took the Division there.
ed that land; it was the steppingstone for a
gun crew and was shouting back firing di-
Virtually disbanded after World War II,
push that could dump the Reds in the Yalu.
rections:
the Third Division was down to skeleton
Some commanders thought a strong
"To my left, about 15 of them!"
strength when, in the summer of 1950, the
frontal attack could take the land, even
The machine gun roared and the Reds
Communists invaded South Korea. Rushed
though the Commies were dug in solidly.
fell.
to West Coast embarkation ports, the di-
Lieutenant Colonel Wilson M. Hawkins,
"Now to my right, just about at those
vision picked up its troops on the run
leader of a small but brilliant task force
trees. Two of 'em!"
Training fields were the decks of troop-
named after him, had a better idea.
Again the machine gun stuttered its
ships which carried the hastily collected
By now, the Reds were getting wise to
killing voice. The Communists dropped and
division to Japan. Dumped in the muddy
the American trick of sending a small as-
Gaybrant nodded approvingly. Then he
fields near Moji, the outfit struggled
sault group in one direction to distract at-
looked ahead and gasped. His voice rose
through a few weeks of accelerated prep-
tention from a powerful attack coming
to a new pitch.
arations.
from another direction. Having learned,
"As soon as I shut up, shoot over my
In Japan, 8,500 South Korean recruits
the Reds were holding off against the
head. Looks like the whole Chinese army
were assigned to the Third. Short, wiry
"teaser" to await the big attack.
is coming!"
men, they were definitely featherweights,
Why not fool them?
They kept coming, too, pushing the UN
and division old-timers wondered if they
Next morning, a handful of GIs and sev-
forces back, back through Seoul and back
were training an outfit of midgets.
eral tanks crossed the Hantan and boldly
below the Han River. They didn't stop for
Three out of five Koreans were named
stalked head-on into the heavily fortified
almost a week. Third Division old-timers
Kim, which not only loused up division
horseshoe. Downstream, an equally small
thought of Anzio, of Cisterna.
records but completely baffled platoon
force crossed and worked its way around
Anzio had been a flank movement in Jan-
leaders. To ease the puzzlement, the Kims
to the rear of the area.
uary, 1944, to block off the strong German
were given numbers instead of names.
The Reds, thinking themselves clever,
forces in Southern Italy, but it proved to
Language differences were a major prob-
decided to await the bigger onslaught. It
be a movement that locked the American
lem. Few Koreans understood English. This
never came.
units on the beachhead for a four-month
frustrated training sergeants who knew
American tanks rumbled through the
stalemate.
that their outbursts of anger might just
area, knocking off bunkers like clay pi-
Hitler had ordered his crack troops to
as well be falling on deaf ears. Most of
geons. GIs, moving fast and sure, lifted dug-
push the Americans into the sea, and it
the training was conducted in pantomime.
out roofs and dropped in grenades while
looked for a while as though they were
But the Koreans were unquestionably
stunned Reds looked up in surprise. Radio
going to do it. But they weren't going
good fighters. Within weeks they shaped
conversation between tank commanders
to do it cheaply. The Third held its ground.
up admirably beside their American bud-
$
was almost comic:
To the world, the Third Division became
dies, and they were anxious to go back
A
"Some bastards acting up in that bunker
known as the Rock of Anzio, just as it had
home and rout the invaders. Their chance
6
to your right."
been known as the Rock of the Marne
came on November 9.
A
"We see them."
when it kept the Germans from crossing
That day, the Third Division landed at
"Gonna get 'em?"
the river to Paris in the first war. Anzio,
Wonsan. It was immediately assigned a
"You want 'em?"
in fact, was much like the first war. The
control area 90 by 35 miles-a vast zone.
66
The division spread itself thin.
Despite the huge area, the GIs soon
found themselves in a cigar-box war. Their
zone was thoroughly infiltrated by a well-
armed enemy, and it crawled with spies.
Third Division Medal of Honor Winners
Aggravatingly, the enemy hid himself so
completely by day that the zone seemed
free of opposition. By night, however, the
Reds came sneaking out of the ground like
Pictured here is the
Chicago, III.
rats, attacking outposts, ambushing pa-
Congressional Med-
*2nd Lt. James L. Harris,
trols, cutting communications, tapping
al of Honor, award-
Company A, 756 Tank Battalion
wires and eavesdropping on radio conver-
ed to soldiers, sail-
Hillsboro, Texas
sations.
ors and Marines
Pfc. Lloyd C. Hawks, Medical de-
Two new enemies soon appeared-
who in action in-
tachment, 30th Infantry
weather and terrain. Sub-zero tempera-
volring conflict with
Park Rapids, Minn.
tures gave the division a freezing welcome
an enemy, distin-
Cpl. Paul B. Huff, Company A,
to Korea. Frostbite knocked almost as
guish themselves
509 Parachute Infantry Battalion
many men out of action as the Commu-
conspicuously by
Cleveland, Tenn.
nists did.
gallantry and intre-
*Pvt. Elden H. Johnson,
Suffering the most were Puerto Ricans of
pidity at the risk
Company H, 15th Infantry
the 65th Regiment, many of whom had left
of life above and
E. Weymouth, Mass.
their semi-tropical homeland just a few
beyond the call of
*1st Lt. Victor L. Kandle,
months before. Within a few days after
duty. It is the highest military dec-
Company I, 15th Infantry
the division arrived, these men quickly
oration of the U. S. armed forces.
Puyallup, Wash.
learned the horror of gangrene-black fin-
KOREA
*Pfc Patrick J. Kessler, Company K,
gers and toes.
Narrow roads, glazed with ice, chal-
*Pfc Emory L. Bennett, Company B.
30 Infantry
15th Infantry
Middletown, Ohio
lenged the best drivers of tanks and trucks.
Cocoa, Florida
Pfc Alton W. Knappenberger,
Everywhere were the broad rice paddies,
Cpl. Jerry K. Crump, Company L,
Company C, 30th Infantry
now frozen solid, but which the slightest
7th Infantry
Springmount, Pa.
lift in temperature turned into impassable
Forest City, N. C.
*Pfc Floyd K. Lindstron,
swamps. Often vehicles had to be aban-
*Cpl. John Essebagger, Jr.,
Company H, 7th Infantry
doned, surrendered to the quicksand-like
Company A, 7th Infantry
Colorado Springs, Colo.
mud.
Holland, Michigan
T/5 Robert D. Maxwell, Hq Co,
Just as the division began settling to the
task assigned to it, news arrived that the
*Cpl. Clair Goodblood, Company D,
3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry
7th Infantry
Cottage Grove, Oregon
First Marine Division was in trouble at
Burnham, Maine
*Pvt. Joseph F. Merrell, Company I,
Chosin Reservoir. Serious trouble. Hordes
*Pfc Noah 0. Knight, Company F,
15th Infantry
of Red Chinese had roared into the area,
7th Infantry
Staten Island, N. Y.
encircling the Marines and slaughtering
Kershaw, S. C.
*Sgt. Harold O. Messerschmidt,
them. The Marines needed help, and they
*2nd Lt. Darwin K. Kyle,
Company L, 30th Infantry
needed an escape route.
Company K, 7th Infantry
Barnesville, Pa.
The Third Division got the job. It meant
South Charleston, W. Va.
Pvt. James H. Mills, Company F,
giving up the toehold at Wonsan because
*Sgt. LeRoy A. Mendonca,
15th Infantry
holding Wonsan and rushing to aid the Ma-
Fort Meade, Fla.
rines at the same time was impossible.
Company B, 7th Infantry
Honolulu, Hawaii
1st. Lt. Audie L. Murphy,
The northward trek began in shocking-
Sgt. Hiroshi H. Miyamura,
Company B, 15th Infantry
ly cold weather. The goal was the Ham-
Company H, 7th Infantry
Farmersville, Texas
hung-Hungnam area, some 60 miles up the
Gallup, New Mexico
lst. Lt. Charles P. Murray, Jr.,
coast. As many men as possible traveled in
Company C, 30th Infantry
open trucks and train-gondolas. The re-
WORLD WAR II
Wilmington, N. C.
mainder sailed in troopships.
S/Sgt. Lucian Adams, Company I,
*Capt. Arlo L. Olson, Company F,
law (Title 17. U.S. Code).
NOTICE: be protected by copyright
The blackest hours of the Korean war
30th Infantry
15th Infantry
were on the horizon.
Port Arthur, Texas
Baton Rouge, La.
And they were confusing hours. Part
*Sgt. Sylvester Antolak,
*Sgt. Truman O. Olson, Company B,
way to its destination, the division was
Company B, 15th Infantry
7th Infantry
recalled to Wonsan: UN brass in Tokyo
St. Clairsville, Ohio
Cambridge, Wis.
felt the trapped Marines could extricate
S/Sgt. Stanley Bender, Company E,
*T/5 Forrest E. Peden, Battery C,
themselves and wanted desperately to
7th Infantry
10 Field Artillery
hold on to the Wonsan frontier. No sooner
Chicago, III.
Wathena, Kansas
had the division returned to Wonsan than
Capt. Maurice L. Britt, Company L,
Pfc Wilburn K. Ross, Company G,
the orders north were re-issued. Puzzled
30th Infantry
30th Infantry
GIs again suffered the freezing trip.
Fort Smith, Kansas
Strunk, Ky.
Arriving, the division fortified the two
1st Lt. Franke Burke, Headquarters,
T/Sgt. Henry Schauer, Company E,
cities, then began its westward drive to
7th Infantry
15th Infantry
relieve the Marines.
Jersey City, N. J.
Scobey, Mont.
It was December, a bitter, sub-zero De-
S/Sgt. Clyde L. Choate, Company C,
*Sgt. John C. Squires, Company A,
cember. The GIs chisled foxholes out of
601 Tank Destroyer Battalion
30th Infantry
the ice-locked hills. No one rested. The
Anna, Illinois
Louisville, Ky.
Chinese Reds, inspired by their successes,
*Pfc Herbert F. Christian,
Ist Lt. John J. Tominac,
never rested. The UN troops across the
Company E, 15th Infantry
Company I, 15th Infantry
entire country were stopped cold, and it
Steubenville, Ohio
Conemaugh, Pa.
appeared that the Reds would make good
Sgt. James P. Connor, Battle Patrol,
*Pfc Jose F. Valdez, Company B,
their threat to destroy the Allies. Already
7th Infantry
7th Infantry
whole South Korean divisions had been
Wilmington, Delaware
Pleasant Grove, Utah
annihilated.
*2nd Lt. Robert Craig, Company L,
Lt. Col. Keith L. Ware,
Meanwhile, Wonsan was abandoned,
15th Infantry
1st Battalion, 15th Infantry
turned back to the Communists. Supplies
Toledo, Ohio
Glendale, Calif.
that couldn't be loaded were burned. Mil-
Capt. Michael J. Daly, Company A,
1st Lt. David C. Waybur,
lions of dollars worth of vital equipment
15th Infantry
3rd Reconnaisance Group
went up in flames
Southport, Conn.
Piedmont, Calif.
In the face of such a bleak picture, the
T/Sgt. Russell Dunham, Company I,
1st Lt. Eli Whiteley, Company L,
Third Division had to fight its way through
30th Infantry
15th Infantry
fierce Communist troops in order to reach
Brighton, Illinois
Georgetown, Texas
the Marines and then provide cover for
*Pfc John W. Dutko, Company A,
*2nd Lt. Raymond Zussman,
their withdrawal. The mission was ironic:
30th Infantry
Company A, 756 Tank Battalion
To retreat, the division had first to engage
Homer City, Pa.
Detroit, Mich.
in a vicious attack.
*T/5 Eric G. Gibson, Company I,
Greatly outnumbered, the division inched
30th Infantry
*Known to be dead.
its way toward the Marines. On the morn-
ing of December 15, about 1,000 Reds at-
tacked a single platoon of Company B, 7th
67
Infantry. isolating it for a four-hour battle
OPPORTUNITIES
The company commander. John J. Powers.
tried repeatedly to reach the trapped pla-
FOR EVERYBODY
toon. but each attempt was beaten back.
Wounded both by gunfire and mortar frag-
Publisher's Classified Department (Trademark)
ments. Powers continued his efforts until
For advertising rates, write to William R. Stewart, 9 South Clinton Street, Chicago 6 (Sept.-Men.) 4
the overwhelming odds forced him to
withdraw.
HELP WANTED
AGENTS WANTED
MEN WANTED NOW for Foreign Construction employment
MONEY FOR XMASI Make $50 and more during spare time.
The besieged platoon steadfastly re-
on American Bases in Europe, South America, Far North, and
Friends, neighbors-everyone buys from Elmira's exquisite
other countries. Truck drivers, $3.55 hour; Clerks, $3.00
New Sparkling Line. Imprinted Christmas Cards for as Little
fused to surrender and finally fought its
hour; Carpenters, $3.70 hour; Laborers, $3.00 hour. Many
as 3c. Personalized Stationery, Napkins, Large Gift Wrappings
way through the Red encirclement to
other trades wanted with wage rate accordingly. Up to 70 hour
with Free accessories, Ribbon Ties all fine quality Money
week with time and one half for all over 40 hours. Trans-
Saving Values. No Experience Needed. Send Name and
safety.
portation paid. 8 to 24 month contract. Also jobs with Ship,
Address for Free Portfolios, Catalog, Assortments on Approval
Days of stiff fighting brought division
Oil, Mining, Aviation Firms and construction jobs in U.S.A.
Bonus Plan. Elmira's "Portable Gift Shop" makes Money
with wage rate in 71 of the larger cities. Full information of
First Day. Write Today. Elmira Greeting Card Co., Dept.
elements into contact with the First Ma-
all firms hiring, jobs open, wage rate, sample contract,
C-271, Elmira, N.Y.
rines and the retreat began. The GIs held
medical examination, application form, etc., air mailed to you
CASH COMMISSIONS-U to $10 per hour. Sell new and
for only $2.00. Foreign Construction Bulletin, P.O. Box 393,
exclusive Ortho-Vent 'Spring-Step" cushion shoes. Call on
back the Reds as the Marines passed
Dept. 21, Dallas, Texas.
business places, industries and individuals offering them
through. The traditional feud between the
$1300.00 MONTHLY FOR truck drivers, $1400.00 monthly
America's most comfortable shoe. High commissions, cash
for carpenters, electricians, plumbers, mechanics, $1200.00
bonuses and exclusive repeats build you profitable business
Marines and the Army died that day: Both
for clerks and laborers. Replacement hiring now being done.
guaranteeing security. Free sales kit. No Experience Or
outfits gained new respect for each other.
Full information and complete foreign listings, with current
Investment Needed. Write now: Ortho-Vent Shoe Co. Inc.,
information on Spain, Korea, Australia, Alaska & Canada,
Dept. PCD-954, Salem, Virginia.
The Marines had battled brilliantly until
$1.00. 10,000 men and women needed for new stateside pro-
AT LASTI SOMETHING New and Sensational in Christmas
ject! Complete information and other domestic listings, $1.00.
Cards. Make Extra Money Fast! Show Satins, Velours,
the lack of supplies weakened their stand;
Dept. 10-1, Opportunities Unlimited, 1110 Commerce Bldg.,
Metallics. Gets Easy Orders. Pays up to 100% Cash Profit.
the Army had gouged a hole in the Red
St Paul, Minn.
30 Free Samples. With Name 50 for 50. Big Line. Amazing
ATTENTION CONSTRUCTION MEN! Laborers-Trades-
new Glitter-Brite Ornaments, Napkins, Gifts, Stationery.
Curtain of bullets to lead the Marines out.
Truck Drivers-Engineers-Supervisors-Many Others. Latest
Several $1.00 Boxes on Approval. Puro Greetings, 2801
On Christmas Day, thousands of war-
Copyrighted Reports. Who to contact for highest paying jobs.
Locust, Dept. 4123-L, St. Louis, Mo.
To $1550.00 monthly. Over 52 countries, including U.S.,
BIG PROFITS IN Spare Time! I'll send, on Free Trial,
weary GIs and Marines boarded troop-
Spain, South America, Alaska, Europe. Exclusive one year
Assortment Full-Size Samples fine Foods, Household Neces-
ships and escaped from the shattered Ham-
registration-advisory service. Application forms. Uncon-
sities to ambitious Men-Women who need money. Friends,
ditional guarantee of satisfaction. Write or wire today!
neighbors buy eagerly. Send no money. Just write Blair,
hung-Hungnam area. It was the lowest
$2.00 (COD's accepted). Reports Airmailed! International
Dept. 155MS-2, Lynchburg, Va.
point of the exasperating war.
Reporter, Box 1047-MD, St. Louis 1, Missouri.
BUY WHOLESALE! 30-80% discounts! Large Catalog of
$245 PER WEEK overseas! Clerks, truck drivers, cooks, con-
Nationally Advertised Gifts. Appliances, Watches, Jewelry,
But the Third Division had known sim-
struction men, guards, office workers, laborers, carpenters,
Cameras, Typewriters, Tools, Kitchenware, etc. Start your own
ilar dark moments, and had brightened
electricians, mechanics, engineers, teachers, factory workers,
business. Details free. Consolidated Distributors, Box 1537,
many other classifications. No experience needed, some jobs.
Paterson, New Jersey.
them with subsequent victories. It would
257 projects, 51 countries. Plus latest bulletin, "Firms Seeking
Applicants". Complete information illustrated,, 56 pages,
BIG MONEY-MAKING opportunity. Exclusive line work
happen again, as it had happened before-
applications, $1. Jobservice D-15, Box 30, Billings, Montana.
uniforms. Jackets, pants, shirts, coveralls. Advertising em-
broidered. Every business prospect. Outfit Free. Master Div.,
in Italy.
MEN WANTED AT once on high paying foreign construction
249 Water, Ligonier, Ind.
Blocking division progress from the An-
projects, Truck drivers, Clerks, Laborers, most all trades.
Send self-addressed stamped envelope for reply. J. T. Carr,
GET INTO TOYSI Show sensational toy flannel-back table-
P.O. Box 5254, Akron 13, Ohio.
cloth. Free toy-gift line. Take orders. Juicy profits. Styleco,
zio beachhead. the winter of 1944, was the
Dept. T443, Cincinnati 10. Ohio.
town of Cisterna-a German stronghold
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
SOUVENIR PENNANTS AND Processed Specialties. Card
FOR REAL JOB Security-get I.C.S. training. Spare time,
brings samples, confidential prices. Lindal Co., 8600 Harper,
that had to be taken in order to break
job-related training. Rapid progress. 277 courses: Business.
Detroit 13, Mich.
the Nazi death grip on American positions.
Industrial. Engineering. Academic. High School. Modern,
SHINE CARS WITHOUT "Polish". New invention. Light-
practical, low in cost. Individual instruction. Diplomas to
ning seller. Cars gleam like mirror. Samples sent on trial.
One morning. the 1st and 3rd Ranger Bat-
graduates. Write for two Free books-"How to Succeed' and
Kristee 130, Akron, Ohio.
talions were sent to Cisterna to give the
Career Catalog in field you specify. International Correspon-
dence Schools, Box 2899-C, Scranton 9, Pa.
PERFUME BEADS, SENSATIONAL Sellers. Particulars
place a good shake-up. By noon, both bat-
free. Mission, 2328A West Pico, Los Angeles 6. Calif.
COMPLETE HIGH SCHOOL at home in spare time with
57-year-old school; texts furnished; diploma; no classes;
NO SELLING-NO Collecting. Yet our men earn up to $200
talions were wiped out.
school; texts furnished; diploma; no classes, booklet free.
per week. Metro, Box 5887, Kansas City, Missouri.
It hadn't been Ranger territory. Trained
Write American School, Dept. X664, Drexel at 58th, Chicago
ADVERTISED WATCHES, DIAMONDS, Pens wholesale.
International, 61-N Roberts. Portland, Maine.
for house-to-house fighting the Rangers
37, Illinois.
LAW FOR GREATER success. Study at home. LaSalle
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
had tried to storm a path across broad,
guides you step by step. Low cost-easy terms. Write for free
OVERSEAS JOBS. BIG pay, transportation, expenses.
open fields. Not one of them made it.
book. LaSalle Extension University, a correspondence insti-
Clerical, professional, mechanical workers. Most all trades.
tution. Dept. L-805, Chicago 5.
Latest listings aviation industry, construction, manufacturing,
Cisterna was a battleground for heroes,
PRACTICAL NURSING-LEARN Easily at Home, Spare
oil companies, government agencies, many other opportunities.
and the division was well supplied. Pfc
Time. Big demand, good earnings. High School not necessary.
Up to date information on securing employment, contracts,
Write for free facts. Wayne School, Dept. CF-4, 2525 Sheffield,
income tax, application forms, $1.00. Overseas Jobs, Dept.
Lloyd C. Hawks, a medic with the 30th
Chicago 14, III.
C-5, Box 67, Vincennes, Ind.
Infantry, repeatedly risked his life to help
SOLVE MENTAL WORRIES. Become Doctor of Psychology.
$1300.00 MONTHLY TRUCK drivers, $1400.00 carpenters,
Home Study. Free Book. Universal Truth, 5038-S Broadway,
electricians, plumbers, mechanics, $1200.00 clerks and labor-
wounded men, rejecting orders to remain
Chicago 40.
ers. Current information on Spain, Australia, Korea, Alaska
under cover. Sergeant Truman O. Olson.
OF INTEREST TO MEN
and multi-billion dollar jobs in Canada offering high pay and
BORROW BY MAIL. Loans $50 to $600 to employed men,
good contracts. For complete information mail $1.00 to For-
of Company B, 7th Infantry, armed with
women. Easy, Quick, Completely confidential. No endorsers.
eign Opportunities, 305 Oregon Bldg., Salem, Oregon.
a machine gun, pushed back a huge coun-
Repay in convenient monthly payments. Details free in plain
FOREIGN JOBS. CONTRACTS underway and soon starting
envelope. Give occupation. State Finance Co., 323 Securities
in Africa, South America, Canada, England, Europe, South
terattack by himself. then held his position
Bldg., Dept. Z-5, Omaha, Nebraska.
Pacific, Middle East, Mexico and Alaska. Send $1.00 for
foreign job news, information, application forms, etc. DCS
until his bullet-riddled body slumped to
"WOW!! WE'VE GOT everything!!" Home Movies-Stills-
slides--noveities. Free Catalog. Vanity Films, First & Seneca
Foreign Job News, Dept. 268-PC-4, Bridgeport, III.
the ground. Ignoring the enemy grenades
St., Seattle, Wash.
FOREIGN-U.S. JOBS. So. America, Alaska, Spain. Fare
that were exploding all around him, Pfc
OIL PAINTING 18 X 24) from photograph or magazine pic-
Paid. 1000's Jobs Open U.S. to $18,000. Trades, Office. Send
ture-$20.00. A. McFadden, 4823 "A" Street, Philadelphia 20.
stampedself-addressedenv.JobOpportunities.Waseca6SMinn.
Alton W. Knappenberger, Company C.
UNUSUAL, FASCINATING BOOKS, novelties, art. Free
MERCHANT MARINE OPPORTUNITIES Complete infor-
30th Infantry, stood in an exposed spot
Catalog. Hansen, 4908-B2 Ohio, Chicago 44.
mation and employment instructions. $1.98. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Seaways, Box 1231A Baltimore 3, Maryland.
and, his BAR blistering hot in his hands.
MONEY-MAKING OPPORTUNITIES
CONSTRUCTION JOB LIST. Published Monthly. $1.00.
held off an entire attack.
EXTRA MONEY EVERY Week. I'll send you full-size Blair
Dempster's Construction Scout News, Dept. 268-PC-3,
household products on Free Trial. Show them to friends
Bridgeport, III.
Even so, the division couldn't hold its
and neighbors. You can make Big Extra Profits. Write Blair,
PERSONAL
ground and was forced to step back for
Dept. 155-MS-1, Lynchburg, Va.
EARN MONEY Home. Full or spare time. Learn to operate
BORROW BY MAIL. Loans $50 to $600 to employed men,
the first time in 100 consecutive days of
profitable mail order business. No selling-free details!
women, Easy, Quick. Completely confidential No endorsers.
M. H. Tirsch, 7070 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood 28, Calif.
Repay in convenient monthly payments. Details free in plain
combat. The 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry.
SELL TITANIA GEMS: $9.75 Carat Wholesale. More
envelope. Give occupation. State Finance Co., 323 Securities
found it had only 18 or 20 men left from
Bldg., Dept. T-14, Omaha, Nebraska.
brilliant than diamonds. Free catalog. Diamonite, 1404-P
Mitchell, Oakland 1, Calif.
"DOLLIE'S DILEMMA' CAPTIVE Cartoon Serial: Cruel
each company. Cisterna had to be forgot-
EARN EXTRA MONEY Weekly mailing circulars for adver-
Madame Domina and maid Mitzi bind, gag and torture Dollie.
ten-for the time.
tisers. Complete instructions-25c. Siwaslian, 4317-G Gleane,
Each episode 6 scenes. 1 episode- 2 for $5. Two sample
Elmhurst 73, N.Y.
scenes and current illustrated bulletin-$1. Gargoyle, Dept.
In May, the division was back. Encour-
MC-2, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York 10
aged by successes in surrounding terri-
BOOKS
IT'S YOUR FUNERAL-What You Should Know About It.
RARE BOOKS, ART. 24-Sparkling illustrated cartoon book-
Booklet-$1.00. 1. Warren, Box 1533, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
tories, the division was determined now to
lets $1.00. Catalog 10c. Aladdin Book Co., 210-CM Fifth
PSORIASIS VICTIMS: HOPELESS? New Discovery Free
crush Cisterna. The Germans had had four
Avenue, New York 10.
Trial Offer. Write Pixacol, Box 3583-CM, Cleveland, Ohio
UNUSUAL FASCINATING BOOKS 12-$1. Samples 20c.
UNUSUAL FASCINATING BOOKS 12-$1. Samples 20c.
months to get ready-but it wasn't enough.
Persil, 436 New York Avenue, Brooklyn 25, New York
Persil, 438 New York Avenue, Brooklyn 25, New York.
It wasn't enough because the Third Di-
FASCINATING -UNUSUAL revealing. Illustrated
"INTERESTING MAILS"-25c keeps your mail box full
vision had men like Sergeant John C.
booklets, 10-$1.00. Catalogue 10c. Kogan, 1032-X, New
three months. Bentz Desk J/88), Chatawa, Mississippi.
York City 8.
MENTAL SUPERMAN OVERNIGHTI Free Bookletl
Squires, then just an 18-year-old kid in
"JU-JITSU SELFTAUGHT' Science beats
Bijou, Box 1727-P, Hollywood 28, Calif.
Company A, the 30th. Squires hunted Ger-
strength. Complete book $1.00. Greenview, Box 61-KS,
Whitestone 57, New York.
CLAIM INVESTIGATORS
mans like rats in their holes, killing those
FREE ILLUSTRATED HYPNOTISM Catalogue. Write
INVESTIGATE ACCIDENTS-EARN $750 to $1000 month.
Hypnotist, 1324 Wilshire, Los Angeles 17W, California.
Thousands of insurance companies, airlines and steamship,
who wouldn't come out and surrender.
lines urgently need Claim Investigators. We train you at home
INSTRUCTION
And the division had Private James H.
spare time. Placement counsel and help. Free book-Now!
WANT U.S. GOV'T Job? Men-Women, 18-55. Start high as
Universal Schools, Dept. P-9, Box 8202, Dallas 5, Texas.
Mills, Company F, 15th Infantry. On his
$80.00 week. Qualify Now! 23,000 jobs open. Experience
MAKE $10,000 YEARLY in Public Adjustingl Details free.
second day in combat, Mills discovered
often unnecessary. Get Free 36-page book showing jobs,
Sterling. Great Neck 68, New York.
salaries, requirements, sample tests. Write: Franklin Institute,
himself moving slightly ahead of his pla-
Dept R-36 Rochester, N.Y.
REAL ESTATE INSTRUCTION
EARTHWORMS
BE A REAL Estate Broker. Study at home. Write for Free
toon. The men had been instructed not to
Book Today! GI Approved. Weaver School of Real Estate,
fire until everyone was in position. Mills
$
EARTHWORM BREEDING? EASY! Profitable! But first
318 Law Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.
get important, unusual story, "An Earthworm Turned His
rounded
a
corner
a machine gun clat-
A
Life." Send Dime. Earthmaster 15E, El Monte, Calif.
FEMALE HELP WANTED
6
tered
MAKE MONEY INTRODUCING World's cutest children's
and then a single shot. The pla-
A
PROFITABLE OCCUPATIONS
dresses. Big selection, adorable styles. Low prices. Complete
toon officer hurried forward, to be greeted
GROW MUSHROOMS. CELLAR, shed. Spare, full time,
display free. Rush name. Harford, Dept. M-2348, Cincinnati
year round. We pay $3.50 lb. We paid Babbitt $4165.00 in few
25. Ohio.
by Mills who announced almost apologeti-
weeks. Free book. Washington Mushroom Ind., Dept. 163,
2954 Admiral Way. Seattle, Wash.
MORE CLASSIFIED ON PAGE 69
cally:
68
"I had to do it. sir, he almost got me."
On the ground was a German-shot be-
Whitlatch's daring was reminiscent of
tween the eyes.
Licutenant Audie L. Murphy, Company B,
Seconds later, Mills killed another Ger-
15th Regiment. who, during the division
OPPORTUNITIES
man in the act of pulling a grenade pin.
push through Alsace in 1945, held off an
FOR
Immediately afterward, six Germans were
attack by 250 Germans. Trapped in the
stunned to see Mills rush at them-so
EVERYBODY
woods. Murphy ran to a burning Nazi tank
stunned that they quickly surrendered.
destroyer and climbed on top of it. Clearly
One GI had captured six heavily armed
outlined against the sky, an easy target,
SALESMEN WANTED
Nazis.
Murphy turned the TD's 50-caliber gun on
START YOUR OWN Business on Credit. Your own boss.
And there was Pfc Henry Schauer, Com-
1658 of our Dealers sold $5,000 to $27,500 in 1953. We supply
the onrushing Germans. Bursts from ma-
stocks, equipment on credit. 200 home necessities. Sales
pany E, 15th Infantry, who seemed to ig-
chine guns. machine pistols and 88s ex-
experience unnecessary. Pleasant profitable business backed
by world-wide industry. Write Rawleigh's, Dept. I-U-PCD,
nore the fact that he was in the midst of
ploded all around him, bullets ricocheted
Freeport, III.
a rough battle. In an exposed spot, he fired
off the vehicle, Murphy's clothes were torn
SALESMEN-PUT YOURSELF in line for big money, real
future, Keep stores supplied with self-selling 5c-$1 carded
from any position that scemed comfort-
and he was seriously wounded. But he
merchandise Nationally advertised. Top profits for you and
able. Standing, kneeling, poised on one
held his position for more than an hour,
merchants. Liberal deals boost sales. Sideline or full time.
World's Products, Dept. 88-T, Spencer, Indiana.
knee, or sitting, he behaved as if he were
and killed 35 Nazis. His buddies, watching
SELL ADVERTISING BOOK matches. Big daily commis-
back home on the firing range. Blandly,
him breathlessly, waited for the TD's gas
sion in advance-Union Label plus Glamour Girls, Scenics,
Hillbillies; all standard styles and sizes. Big Free Master
he even defied a tank. His mind was on
tanks to explode. Murphy was well aware
Catalog Fast selling-steady repeat business. Superior
Germans, and he killed them.
Match Co., Dept. Z-954, 7528 So. Greenwood, Chicago 19.
of the danger, but he ignored it. During
ANYONE CAN SELL famous Hoover Uniforms for beauty
Division old-timers remembered Cis-
a moment's lag, he leaped from the ve-
shops, waitresses, nurses, doctors, others. All popular miracle
ierna during the heartbreaking Christmas
fabrics-nylon, dacron, orion. Exclusive styles, top quality.
hicle and rejoined his men. Refusing medi-
Big cash income now, real future. Equipment free. Hoover,
Day, 1950, withdrawal in Korea. Moving to
cal aid, he led the GIs in pursuit of the
Dept. E-113, New York 11, N.Y.
Pusan at the southern tip of the peninsula,
fleeing Germans.
SALESMEN-SHOW AMERICA'S leading Nationally
Advertised line-Novelties, Gifts, Utility Items. Big commis-
the Rockmen hoped for at least ten days
By the end of the war, Murphy, who
sions advanced. Prospects everywhere. Steady Repeats. Low
to reorganize. They got two.
prices, free literature-samples. Write: Charms & Cain, 407-
had started out as an enlisted man, was
PC-94 South Dearborn, Chicago 5, III.
Again the northward trek. Highways
the most decorated man in the Army.
GOOD MAN CAN MAKE $3,000 next 90 days. Every house
were jammed with refugees and retreating
in town wants amazing NiLite glowing curbside numbers.
Capped by the Congressional Medal of
Automatic free trial plan pays profits day after day. Write for
UN outfits. Long hauls by truck were im-
Honor, he was awarded 24 decorations:
free details. NiL ite, 173 W. Madison, Dept. 303, Chicago 2, III.
possible. The defense perimeter changed
$10,000 PROFIT SELLING Printing, Matches, Specialties
Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star
Arrow dealer tells how he did it in giant free sales outfit. You
hourly. Trucks shuttled northbound GIs
with Oak Leaf Cluster, Legion of Merit,
can do it too-without experience. Write Arrow Press, 511-J
Fourth Ave So., Minneapolis, Minn.
between adjacent safety zones. The troops
Bronze Star, ETO Campaign Ribbon with
AMAZING INVENTION STOPS slamming, banging doors!
began to feel like suburban commuters.
seven battle stars, Presidential Unit Cita-
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One of the busiest men on the main road
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tion ribbon, Expert Infantryman's Badge,
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was the then three-star commander of the
French Legion of Honor Chevalier, Croix
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Eighth Army, General Matt Ridgway. The
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de Guerre with two Palms, the Fouragere,
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general was so determined to halt the re-
and the Purple Heart with two Oak Leaf
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
treat that he frequently jumped out of his
Clusters (signifying three wounds).
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jeep and personally turned outfits around,
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Before he was old enough to vote, Audie
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sending them back north. His trademark
Murphy had killed 240 Nazis, had a mortar
METALIZE BABY SHOES, jewelry, gifts. Bronze, gold,
grenades swinging from his shoulder-
silver. Free Bulletin. Kiktavi, Box 73136. Los Angeles 3.
shell burst between his feet, was splattered
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straps, he led the units into secure posi-
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tions, then sidetracked supply trucks to
hip by a sniper. Wildly acclaimed upon his
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return to the U. S., he was promptly signed
MONEY, TYPING-SEWING! Details Free. Edwards,
"Hold tight," he told the men. "We're
by the movies. Married for a time to
3915-MG 12th, Des Moines 13, lowa
going back to Seoul."
DETECTIVES
actress Wanda Hendrix, he has appeared
SMASH CRIMEI BE a Finger Print Expert; Investigator;
Gradually, the vast disorder calmed and
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the men faced northward again. That was
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(37 years a Correspondence School), 1920 Sunnyside, Dept.
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important: Face north, move north.
Back, a new epic concerned with his own
TRAIN FOR COMMERCIAL and Criminal investigation
And there was something else. The on-
incredible combat experiences.
work. American Training Institute, 22 West Madison St.,
Chicago 2, III., Suite 900.
rushing Reds had raced far ahead of their
There was remarkable similarity be.
STAMPS
supply lines. Ridgway knew that, and he
tween the Third Division's high-ground
GIGANTIC COLLECTION FREE-Includes Triangles-
wanted to cut the line completely. When
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to the line soldiers, they recognized the
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A forgotten weapon reappeared among
for every crossroad, every creek, every
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Chicago 2, III.
the GIs-the bayonet. The men knew the
hillside. On such a hillside, T/Sgt. Russ
PRINTING SPECIALTIES
road back would demand tight, close-up
Dunham showed the Germans what a GI
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fighting. Many of them had already shot
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Big profits. Tremendous repeat business. We start you with-
Commies. Now they were to learn the more
As his platoon of Company A, 30th In-
out cost. M. P. Brown, Dept. 449, Burlington, lowa.
personal feeling of plunging naked steel
fantry, approached a hillside in the Colmar
HOME BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
into the enemy's flesh and bone and muscle.
Pocket, Dunham announced to his buddies:
GROW MUSHROOMS. CELLAR, shed. Spare, full time,
year round. We pay $3.50 lb. We Paid Babbitt $4,165.00 in
One of the first to know the feeling was
"I think I'll take this hill myself."
few weeks. Free Book. Washington Mushroom Ind., Dept.
Lieutenant Darwin K. Kyle, Company K,
203, 2954 Admiral Way, Seattle, Washington.
They called Dunham "The Arsenal." He
FOR THE HOME
7th Infantry, who bayoneted seven Reds
walked around with so many grenades
MEXICAN DONKEYS (BURROS) tame 5 months old. For
in a single fight.
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Alarmed, the frenzied Chinese began
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their wild and reckless night attacks, de-
The Colmar Pocket was a Battle of the
WATCHES WANTED. ANY condition. Also broken jewelry,
termined to hold ground at any cost.
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The cost, one night, was the defeat of an
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pushed eastward, it locked thousands of
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Among the scattered GIs was Corporal
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When Dunham and his platoon ap-
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machine gun, mounted on a jeep. Whit-
proached the Colmar Hill, he was carrying
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11 clips of carbine ammo. Twelve gre-
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he raced to the jeep and climbed on top
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chine-gun nests, protected by logs and re-
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opened fire. The attackers neared. Within
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Dunham was ten yards from it when he
thrown back just 20 yards from the ve-
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stood up. He immediately drew fire from
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two machine guns and a score of riflemen.
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A
grenades exploding nearby, he held his po-
A bullet slashed through his camouflage
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sition until the Commies withdrew.
suit. tearing a ten-inch gash in his back
MORE CLASSIFIED ON PAGE 68
69
T
und sending him rolling down the hill.
nades-and that silenced the hill. He looked
And all too few years later, they ad-
His white covering now red with his
around. Nobody else wanted to fight. Turn-
vanced the same way in Korea. regaining
own blood, Dunham scrambled to his feet.
ing, he returned to his platoon and al-
every foot of land lost to the Commu-
fr.
An enemy grenade landed close by. He
lowed himself to be taken to a first-aid
nists in the frantic push of April. 1951. In a
ed
kicked it aside, ignoring its blast. Stalking
station for treatment of his wound. Pain
month, the division killed 12,000 Reds. On
W
directly through a field of German bullets,
creased his brow, but he was grinning.
the northbound counterattack, elements of
he began shooting. When he reached the
He felt good. He had got his hill.
the Third Division were the first to re-
through the spaces between the logs, kill-
Third Division was able to sweep through
20
m
Sc
first emplacement, he squatted and fired
Because of men like Russ Dunham, the
cross the 38th Parallel. And they stayed
tic
there.
aft
ing the machine gunner and his assistant.
Europe faster and farther than any out-
They stayed there because of men like
no
His carbine empty, Dunham lifted the tim-
fit had moved in the history of the United
Corporal Jerry K. Crump. Company L, 7th
M.
ber roof and yanked a third German out
States Army. The fury of the advance had
Regiment, who, after bayoneting two Reds.
of
by the collar.
been typified by Sergeant James P. Con-
threw himself on a live grenade to protect
cu
He glanced toward the second machine-
nor, of the 7th Regiment's battle patrol,
four wounded buddies.
ca
gun nest, 75 yards ahead, and started for
on the day, six months previous, when the
And men like Sergeant Leroy A. Men-
dr
it. Bullets from Nazi riflemen encircled
Division first hit the beachheads of South-
donca, Company B, 7th Regiment, who
tie
him in geysers of snow. When he was about
ern France.
stayed behind on Hill 586. yielding up his
25 yards from the emplacement, Dunham
Though injured during the landing by a
life only after he had killed 37 of the enemy
M:
tossed two grenades and scored a direct
hanging mine which had killed his pla-
with his rifle, grenades, bayonet-and even
th
hit.
toon lieutenant, Connor kept on fighting.
the stock of his rifle. Because of his in-
sh
A German rifleman lifted his head from
Working across the beach, he was shot by
credible ferocity, the rest of his platoon
lei
a foxhole; Dunham, having re-loaded, shot
a sniper. Blood poured from him.
was able to withdraw and regroup for
be
him between the eyes. Another peeked up;
A buddy shouted: "For Christ's sake,
an effective assault.
ar
Dunham put a bullet in his neck. A third
Connor, stop and get a medic!"
And men like Corporal Clair Goodblood.
sh
jumped up and ran in the opposite direc-
"No," Connor shouted. "Let 'em hit me.
Company D, 7th Regiment, who, after
ar:
tion; Dunham winged him, too, and brought
They won't stop me."
knocking over his machine-gun assistant to
ha
him down.
Ahead were snipers and machine-gun-
protect him from an enemy grenade, volun-
dr
Weak now from loss of blood, Dunham
ners. When the platoon sergeant was killed,
teered to singlehandedly fight off a fana-
wt
staggered, but he refused to quit. The third
Connor took command. Shot again-this
tical attack. Later, his buddies found him
fat
machine gun was right up ahead, and he
time so badly that he couldn't walk-he
dead-surrounded by 100 dead Reds.
cu:
wanted it.
gave orders from a prone position. He told
And men like the two lieutenants whose
the
A German popped up ten feet away and
his men.
platoons were pinned down by heavy fire
cic
fired, but missed. A quick movement from
"I want you to dig those bastards out,
from an enemy bunker. After a brief con-
ing
Dunham sent the man squirming in the
even if you have to use your bare hands."
sultation, the two officers themselves at-
am
snow, a bullet in him. Five others, as-
Within hours, the German defense
tacked the bunker from opposite sides.
qu
tounded, leaped out of their foxholes and
crumbled, and the rush to the Rhine was
Both were killed, but their act so rattled
vic
headed toward the hilltop. Dunham wound-
on. At Le Haut Jacques-which the men
the Reds that the platoon members were
no
ed all of them, firing from the hip like a
called the Crossroads of Hell-the Germans
able to destroy the bunker in a frontal at-
COI
regular Wyatt Earp.
put up a last-ditch stand. It was fierce; the
tack. Later, one of the platoon members
dia
Approaching the third machine-gun po-
7th Infantry fought five days to advance
said of the lieutenants:
186
sition, Dunham silenced it with two gre-
100 yards. But they advanced.
"They were good Joes. I hope that hill
Fat
was valuable, for sure. If it wasn't then, it
sor
is now, because we paid a mighty big price
wit
for it."
any
Every place where men of the Third Di-
the
vision have fought is now valuable land
lar
They made it so with their blood.
wa
Chateau-Thierry, the Marne, Sicily, An-
N
zio, Cisterna, Colmar, Wonsan, Hungnam,
gra
the hills of Korea-all these are monu-
31s
ments to the Rockmen and what they did
fatl
there. Sub-zero or blistering hot weather,
wo
swamp or parched desert, hunger, fatigue,
F
loneliness-these too were the enemies of
Th:
the men in the line, the engineers, the
ret
medics, the artillerymen-and yes the cooks
-all the men who made up the Fighting
afte
Third during three great wars.
wa.
Somehow, despite the gaps of years, a
Tri
distinct spirit has been kept alive through
in
each generation of Rockmen. The fathers
one
can be proud of the sons, and the sons
wai
can be proud of the kid brothers.
atte
You wonder sometimes why these men
que
were so brave, why they fought so stub-
Sar
bornly, why they grimly accepted dangers
it
n
far greater than the normal risks of war.
Sin
Fathers, sons, kid brothers-all so implaca-
lan
n
0
ble, so singleminded, so fierce, so bold,
stop
0
each time carrying the fight to the enemy's
ask
0
0
home grounds, defiantly, angrily. Thou-
ove
sands of quickly armed, speedily trained
wai
Davids, happy-go-lucky young men who
stru
hated wars and armies thrown into the
bre,
breach against militaristically inclined
son
Goliaths.
dan
They had no desire to conquer and
from
rule the world, no bombed homes to
Cle:
avenge. Most of them didn't even under-
he
stand the conflicting ideas that had erupted
Tril
the war. They weren't crusaders. Their
laps
hatred of the enemy, even in the midst of
a S1
battle, rarely surpassed a flip: "The hell
Ast
with you, Joe."
Roc
They were cool and calm, whether they
were doing fine or in bad trouble, whether
four
S
A
CALLACHER
they were attacking or retreating. But
Wes
6
they fought. Oh, God, how they fought.
und
Why did they do it?
Far
They did it for each other. They did
"T
No!
it for us.
70
THE END
S
AUSTRIA
GRAZ
P
HUNGARY
A
BOLZANO
KLAGENFURT
The American
AMERICAN MEMORIALS
Battle Monuments
AND
MILAN
Commission
TURIN
VENICE
TRIESTE
OVERSEAS MILITARY
ESTABLISHED BY CONGRESS MARCH 1923
CEMETERIES
GENOA
YUGOSLAVIA
E
as
Membership
PISA Arno
RAPHAEL
T
FLORENCE
EGHORN
SIENA
Paul X. Kelley
Francis J. Bagnell
Z
Chairman
ELBA
N
Vice Chairman
William P. Campbell
Ronald D. Ray
HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY
Aubrey O. Cookman
T
A
L
sea
Mark V. Rosenker
A COMRADE IN ARMS
CORSICA
KNOWN BUT TO GOD
I
N
Y
Jack O. Guy
Peter W. Senopoulos
ROME
Robert C. Laughter
David H. Sudderth
s
John C. McDonald
SICILY ROME
A. J. Adams, Secretary
ANZIO
NETTUNO
FOGGIA
BARI
NAPLES
UNITED STATES OFFICE
MEDITERRANEAN OFFICE
SALERNO
SARDINIA
Casimir Pulaski Building
Street Address:
20 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20314-0300
American Embassy
Via Veneto 119a
Telephone: (202)272-0533
Rome 00187, Italy
272-0533
Mailing Adress:
FAX: (202)272-1375
The Officer in Charge
o
American Embassy/ABMC
PSC 59
APO AE 09624
Telephone: 6-4672-2033
482-4157
FAX: (011-39)6-487-1624
RRANEAN
EUROPEAN OFFICE
PHILIPPINE OFFICE
8
Street Address:
Street Address:
PALERMO
MESSINA
68, rue du 19 Janvier
92380 - Garches, France
American Military Cemetery
Manila, R. P.
Mailing Address:
Mailing Address:
SICILY
American Battle Monuments
00
American Embassy
+
Commission
WORLD WAR II CEMETERIES
APO AP 96440-5000
THE AMERICAN
NORTH AFRICA
Paris Embassy
Telephone: Manila 88-02-12
CARTHAGE
WORLD WAR I MONUMENTS
Unit 21551
FAX: (011-632) 522-4361
BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION
TUNIS
.
APO AE 09777
Telephone: 1-4701-1976
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20314-0300 -
0
FAX: (011-33) 1-4741-1976
50
100
150
200 MILES
TUNISIA
888
1989
0
50
100
150
200 KILMOETERS
80408
American Battle
Henri-Chapelle Cemetery
15
Normandy Cemetery
14
Monuments Commission
2
Honolulu Memorial
20
North Africa Cemetery
18
Instructions to Visitors
3
Kemmel Monument
5
Oise-Aisne Cemetery
7
Services to the Public
3
Korean War Memorial
22
Pointe Du Hoc Ranger
AEF Memorial
10
Luxembourg Cemetery
16
Monument
14
Aisne-Marne Cemetery
6
Lorraine Cemetery
17
Rhone Cemetery
19
Ardennes Cemetery
16
Manila Cemetery
20
Saipan Monument
20
Audenarde Monument
5
Map of England
Sicily-Rome Cemetery
18
Bellicourt Monument
6
and Europe
11-12
Somme Cemetery
5
Brittany Cemetery
13
Map of Italy
23
Sommepy Monument
8
Brookwood Cemetery
4
Meuse-Argonne Cemetery
8
St. Mihiel Cemetery
9
Cambridge Cemetery
13
Mexico City National
Suresnes Cemetery
10
MEXICO CITY NATIONAL CEMETERY is at 31 Vir-
Cantigny Monument
6
Cemetery
22
Tours Monument
7
ginia Fabregas, Colonia San Rafael about 2 miles west of
Cemetery Hours
1
Montfaucon Monument
8
Utah Beach Monument
14
the cathedral and about 1 mile north of the U.S. Embassy.
Château-Thierry Monument
7
Montsec Monument
9
West Coast Memorial
21
The cemetery was established in 1851 and contains a small
Corozal American Cemetery
21
Naval Monument at
monument over the grave of 750 of our unidentified Dead
East Coast Memorial
21
Brest, France
10
of the War of 1847. Inscribed on the monument is: "TO
Epinal Cemetery
17
Naval Monument at
Flanders Field Cemetery
4
Gibraltar
9
THE HONORED MEMORY OF 750 AMERICANS, KNOWN BUT
Florence Cemetery
19
Netherlands Cemetery
15
TO GOD, WHOSE BONES, COLLECTED BY THEIR COUNTRY'S
ORDER, ARE HERE BURIED." In this 1 acre area there are
also 813 remains of Americans and others in wall crypts.
CEMETERY HOURS
The cemetery is closed to burials.
WINTER SEASON - October 1-April 15
SUMMER SEASON - April 16-September 30
Marine Monument
Cemetery
Weekdays
Sat./Sun./Holidays*
Weekdays
Sat./Sun./Holidays*
Belleau Wood (Aisne), Fra:
KOREAN WAR MEMORIAL
Aisne-Marne
9:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
Brookwood
9:00 am-5:00 pm
10:00 am-6:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
10:00 am-12:00 noon &
On October 28, 1986, President Reagan signed Public
3:00 pm-6:00 pm**
Law 99-572 authorizing the American Battle Monuments
Flanders Field
8:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
Commission to erect a national Korean War Memorial.
Meuse-Argonne
8:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
The memorial, to be located in Ash Woods near the
Oise-Aisne
9:00 am-5:00 pm
10:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
10:00 am-12:00 noon &
Lincoln Memorial on the mall in Washington, DC, will
3:00 pm-6:00 pm**
commemorate the sacrifices of the 5.7 million Americans
St. Mihiel
9:00 am-5:00 pm
10:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
10:00 am-12:00 noon &
who served during the three-year period of the Korean
3:00 pm-6:00 pm**
10:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
10:00 am-6:00 pm
War. The war was one of the most hard fought in our
Somme
9:00 am-5:00 pm
Suresnes
8:00 am-5:00 pm
10:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
10:00 am-6:00 pm
history. During its relatively short duration, June 1950 to
Ardennes
8:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
August 1953, 33,600 Americans were Killed in Action
Brittany
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
and an additional 21,400 died in non-battle causes; 8,200
Cambridge
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
of those Killed in Action were classified as Missing in
Epinal
8:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
Action and presumed dead. An additional 103,000
Henri-Chapelle
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
Americans were wounded during the conflict.
Lorraine
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
With the exception of $1,000,000 in funds provided by
Luxembourg
9:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
9:00 am-6:00 pm
the U.S. government for initial costs, the $6,000,000
Netherlands
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
memorial project is to be funded by private contributions.
Normandy
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
Rhone
9:00 am-5:00 pm
9:00 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
Consequently, it will be necessary to raise at least
Sicily-Rome
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
$5,000,000 from private individuals, corporations,
Florence
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
foundations and service groups.
North Africa
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
8:00 am-6:00 pm
Contributions for the memorial may be sent to the
Manila
6:30 am-4:45 pm
6:30 am-4:45 pm
6:30 am-4:45 pm
6:30 am-4:45 pm
American Battle Monuments Commission, P.O. Box 2372,
Washington, DC 20013-2372. Checks should be anno-
Holidays include both US and host country holidays.
**
Cemetery and chapel are open; Visitors' Center only closed between hours 12:00 noon-3:00 pm.
tated "Korean War Memorial Fund." If for any reason this
Commission does not erect the memorial, all contribu-
"The Mourning Woman'
tions will be returned upon request.
Netherlands American Ceme
UGUEL
The AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COM-
tively. These laws entitled next of kin to select permanent
MISSION (ABMC) is a small independent agency of the
interment of a loved one's remains in an American mili-
Executive Branch of the United States federal govern-
tary cemetery on foreign soil designed, constructed and
ment. It is responsible for commemorating the services of
maintained specifically to honor in perpetuity the Dead of
American Armed Forces where they have served since 6
those wars or repatriation of the loved one's remains to
April 1917 (the date of U.S. entry into World War I)
U.S. soil for interment in a National or private cemetery.
through the erection of suitable memorial shrines; for
The programs for final disposition of remains were carried
designing, constructing, operating and maintaining per-
out by the War Department's American Graves Registra-
manent American military burial grounds in foreign coun-
tion Service under the Quartermaster General. From time
tries; for controlling the design and construction of U.S.
to time, requests are received from relatives asking that
military monuments and markers in foreign countries by
the instructions of the next of kin at the time of interment
other U.S. citizens and organizations both public and pri-
be disregarded. Those making such a request are informed
[ERICAN CEMETERY is located
EAST COAST MEMORIAL is in Battery Park in New
vate; and for encouraging the maintenance of such monu-
that the decision of the next of kin of record at the time of
hiles north of Panama City, Republic of
York City at the southern end of Manhattan Island. It is
ments and markers by their sponsors. In performing these
interment is final. Often, on seeing the great beauty and
Gaillard Highway between the Corozal
about 150 yards from the South Ferry subway station on
functions, ABMC administers, operates and maintains on
immaculate care of the Commission's cemetery memo-
di Fort Clayton. To reach the cemetery,
the IRT Lines and stands just south of historic Fort
foreign soil twenty-four permanent American military
rials, these same individuals tell us later that they are now
[ighway north from Panama City, turn
Clinton, on a site furnished by the Department of Parks of
burial grounds, fifteen separate monuments and two
pleased that the remains of their loved ones have been
load and proceed about one-half mile to
the City of New York.
tablets (one in Chaumont and one in Soilly, France mark-
permanently interred in these shrines.
ki and bus service to the cemetery are
This memorial commemorates those soldiers, sailors,
ing respectively the GHQ of the AEF in World War I and
marines, coast guardsmen and airmen who met their
ABMC's World War I commemorative program con-
anama City. In agreement with the
the headquarters of the U.S. First Army in that war) and
deaths in the western waters of the Atlantic during World
sisted of erecting a nonsectarian chapel in each of the eight
na, care and maintenance of the ceme-
four memorials in the United States. Presently 124,912
was assumed by this Commission on 1
War II. Its axis is oriented on the Statue of Liberty. On
permanent American military burial grounds on foreign
U.S. War Dead are interred in these cemeteries, 30,921 of
each side of this axis are four tall gray granite pylons upon
soil established by the War Department for the Dead of
World War I, 93,241 of World War II and 750 of the
y, 16 acres in extent, are interred 4,924
which are engraved the name, rank, organization and State
that war, landscaping each of the cemeteries, erecting
of each of the 4,596 Missing who gave their lives in the
Mexican War. Additionally, 5,737 American veterans and
eleven separate monuments and two tablets elsewhere in
S and others. A small memorial feature
service of their Country.
others are interred in the Mexico City and Corozal Ameri-
Europe and an AEF Memorial in the U. S. In 1934, a
erlooking the graves area. It consists of a
can Cemeteries. Commemorated individually by name on
Presidential Executive Order transferred the eight World
a 12-foot rectangular granite obelisk
WEST COAST MEMORIAL is located on a high point
stone tablets at the World War I and II cemeteries and
War I cemeteries to ABMC and made the Commission
gpoles from which fly the United States
near the junction of Lincoln and Harrison Boulevards in
three memorials on U.S. soil are the 94,093 U.S. service-
responsible for the design, construction, operation and
ags. Floral tributes are laid at the obelisk
the Presidio of San Francisco, California and near the
men and women who were Missing in Action or lost or
maintenance of future permanent American military bu-
services. A paved walk leads from the
southern end of the Golden Gate Bridge.
buried at sea in their general regions during the World
rial grounds erected in foreign countries.
lat the foot of the knoll. Engraved upon
This memorial was erected in memory of those soldiers,
Wars and the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
sailors, marines, coast guardsmen and airmen who met
By the end of World War II, several hundred tempo-
following inscription:
their deaths in the American coastal waters of the Pacific
Recognizing the need for a federal agency to be respon-
rary burial grounds had been established by the U.S.
HAS BEEN ERECTED BY THE UNITED
during World War II. It consists of a curved gray granite
sible for honoring American Armed Forces where they
Army on battlefields around the world. In 1947, fourteen
ICA IN HUMBLE TRIBUTE TO ALL IN-
wall decorated with sculpture; on this wall are engraved
had served and for controlling the construction of military
sites in foreign countries were selected to become perma-
OF SERVED IN ITS ARMED FORCES OR
the name, rank, organization and State of each 413 Miss-
monuments and markers on foreign soil by others, the
nent burial sites by the Secretary of the Army and the
THE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND
ing whose remains were never recovered or identified.
Congress enacted legislation in 1923 creating the Ameri-
American Battle Monuments Commission in concert. The
PANAMA CANAL,"
The terrace affords an impressive view of the neighboring
can Battle Monuments Commission. Because of his sta-
locations of these sites corresponded closely with the
shore and the exit from the Golden Gate to the Pacific
ture, military background and interest, President Harding
course of military operations. The permanent sites were
Ocean.
appointed General John J. Pershing to the newly-formed
turned over to ABMC after the interments had been made
Commission and he was elected chairman by the other
by the American Graves Registration Service in the con-
members. General Pershing served in that capacity from
figuration proposed by the cemetery architect and ap-
1923 until his death in 1948, at which time he was suc-
proved by the Commission. After the war, all temporary
ceeded by General George C. Marshall. Following Gen-
cemeteries were disestablished by the War Department
eral Marshall's death in 1959, General Jacob L. Devers
and the remains in them disposed of in accordance with
became chairman. He was succeeded by General Mark W.
the directions of the next of kin. In a few instances, next of
Clark in 1969. General Clark died in 1984. In 1985,
kin directed that isolated burials be left undisturbed.
General Andrew J. Goodpaster was elected chairman.
When doing so, the next of kin assumed complete respon-
Final disposition of World War I and II remains was
sibility for their care.
carried out under the provisions of Public Law 389, 66th
Like the World War I cemeteries use of the World
LUNETA
of charge or taxation. Except in the Philippines, burial in
dents of the cemeteries in Mexico City, Corozal and Ma-
PARK
looking Tanapag Harbor on the Islan
these cemeteries is limited by the agreements with the
nila report directly to the Washington Office. All superin-
RIZAL
monwealth of the Northern Mariana Is
host countries to members of the U.S. Armed Forces who
tendent personnel are specially selected for their adminis-
S. EMBASSY
an American memorial park commemo
died overseas during the war. U.S. civilian technicians,
trative ability; knowledge of horticulture; knowledge of
can and Marianas Dead in the Mari:
MANILA
GATE
Red Cross workers and entertainers serving the military
vehicle, equipment and structures maintenance; knowl-
BVD
SANTOS
MANILA
Pasig
World War II. The monument honc
were treated as members of the Armed Forces insofar as
edge of construction; and their ability to employ compas-
LOS
McKINLEY
FORT
24,000 American Marines and Soldier
MANILA BAY
DE
ROAD
BONIFACIO
burial entitlement was concerned. The agreement with
sion and tact in dealing with the public.
EPIF
NICHOLS FIELD
TAGIG
turing the volcanic islands of Saipan,
the Philippine government permitted members of the
ROAD
during the period of 15 June 1944 -
Philippine Scouts and Philippine Army units that fought
0
1
2 MILES
DE
INTERNATIONAL
It is a twelve-foot rectangular obelisk
with U.S. Forces in the Philippines to be interred in the
0
1
2
KILOMETERS
AIRPORT
LAG UNA
INSTRUCTION TO VISITORS
landscaped area of local flora. Inscribe
Manila American Cemetery. All of ABMC's World War I
ment are these words: "THIS MEM
and II cemeteries are closed to burials except for the
The locations of ABMC cemeteries, monuments and
MANILA CEMETERY is situated about 6 miles south-
ERECTED BY THE UNITED STATES OF AM
remains of American War Dead still found from time to
memorials in foreign countries are shown on the maps in
east of the city of Manila, Republic of the Philippines,
TRIBUTE TO THE SONS WHO PAID TH
time in World War I and II battle areas. This policy is
this pamphlet. Directions to them as well as other infor-
within the limits of Fort Bonifacio, the former U.S. Army
RIFICE FOR LIBERATION OF THE MARI/
dictated by the agreements with the host countries con-
mation of interest appear beneath the individual maps to
Fort William McKinley. It can be reached most easily from
cerned.
each site. Directional signs to the cemeteries are posted on
the city by taxicab.
The Commission's World War II commemorative pro-
the main roads in their vicinity. All of the cemeteries are
The cemetery, 152 acres in extent, is on a prominent
gram consists of the construction of fourteen permanent
open to the public daily. Staff members are on duty in the
plateau, visible at a distance from the east, south and west.
American military cemeteries and several monuments
Visitors' Room to provide information and assistance in
It contains the largest number of graves of our military
(some still in the planning stage) on foreign soil and three
locating grave and memorial sites except between the
Dead of World War II, a total of 17,206, most of whom
memorials in the United States. In addition to their
hours of noon and 3:00 p.m. on weekends and holidays.
gave their lives in the operations in New Guinea and the
landscaped graves area and nonsectarian chapels, the
Photography is permitted in ABMC cemeteries and
Philippines. The headstones are aligned in 11 plots form-
World War II cemeteries contain sculpture, a museum
memorials without special authorization, provided it is
ing a generally circular pattern, set among masses of a wide
area with battle maps and narratives depicting the course
not for commercial purposes. Permission to take photo-
variety of tropical trees and shrubbery.
of the war in the region and visitor reception facilities.
graphs of a commercial nature must be obtained from the
The chapel, a tall white masonry building enriched with
Each grave site in the permanent American World War
Washington, D.C. office, the address of which appears on
sculpture and mosaic, stands near the center of the
I and II cemeteries on foreign soil is marked by a headstone
the back of the pamphlet.
cemetery. In front of it on a wide terrace are two large
of pristine white marble. Headstones of those of the
hemicycles with rooms at each end. Twenty-five large
Jewish faith are tapered marble shafts surmounted by a
concrete mosaic maps in these rooms recall the achieve-
Star of David; stylized marble latin crosses mark all
ments of the American Armed Forces in the Pacific, in
others. Annotated on the headstones of the World War I
SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC
China, India and in Burma. On the rectangular piers of the
servicemen who could not be identified is: "HERE RESTS IN
The following information and services are provided
hemicycles are inscribed the names of 36,281 of the Miss-
HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT
without cost to friends and relatives of those interred in or
ing who gave their lives in the service of their Country and
TO GOD." The words "AMERICAN SOLDIER" were replaced
memorialized at ABMC cemeteries and memorials: name,
who rest in unknown graves. Carved in the floors are the
with the words "COMRADE IN ARMS" on the headstones of
seals of the states and territories.
location and general information about the cemetery or
HONOLULU MEMORIAL is loc
World War II servicemen who could not be identified
memorial in which they are interested; plot, row and
From the memorial and from other points in the ceme-
National Memorial Cemetery of the P
because of the tri-service nature of that war.
grave number if appropriate; suggested routes and modes
tery there are impressive views over the lowlands to
volcano near the center of the city
of travel in-country to the cemetery or memorial; general
Laguna de Bay and toward the distant mountains.
The policy-making body of the Commission consists of
Drive, 96813.
eleven members who are appointed by the President for an
information about accommodations available in the vicin-
In the eight Courts of the Missin
indefinite term and serve without pay. They meet with
ity of the cemeteries and memorials; letters authorizing
monumental staircase are recorded the 1
the professional staff of the Commission once or twice
fee-free passports for members of the immediate family
our Missing in the Pacific (other than
annually. ABMC is staffed by 387 full-time civilian em-
traveling overseas specifically to visit a grave or memo-
World War II and 8,197 of the Kore
ployees and six military officers who work for it on a
rialization site; black and white photographs of
additional half courts at the base of the
reimbursable basis by arrangement with the Department
headstones and sections of the Tablets of the Missing on
2,489 Missing of the Vietnam War.
of Defense. Fifty of the full-time civilian employees are
which the serviceman's name is engraved; large color
staircase is a chapel with flanking galleri
U.S. citizens; all but twelve of them are cemetery superin-
lithographs of the cemeteries and memorials on which
and texts, recording the achievements
tendents or assistant superintendents. The remaining civi-
photographs of the appropriate headstones or Tablets of
Armed Forces in the Central and South
lian employees are foreign nationals from the countries
the Missing are mounted; and arrangements for floral
in Korea. Inquiries concerning grave:
where ABMC installations are located. Two field offices
decoration of grave and memorial sites and provision to
should be addressed to the superint
oversee operations in Europe and the Mediterranean, one
the donor of a photograph of the decoration in place.
Veterans Administration.
WORLD WAR I
GRASSE
AUTOSTRADA
AUTOS
MILES
BOLOGN
U
BRUGGE
0
2
3
KILOMETERS
CANNES
N
FLORENCE
INGELMUNSTER
LONDON
STAINES
RHONE
NO 67
N
St ELOOIS-VIJVE
KRUISHOUTEM
1.557
LE
MUY
AUTOSTRADA
WAREGEM
Arno
245
ST
EMPOLI
FLORENCE
EXIT: FIRENZE-CERTOSA
CAMBERLEY O
FLANDERS FIELD
BROOKWOOD
WOKING
A8
RAPHAEL
LEGHORN
IMPRUNETA
N
FREJUS
SEA
0
5
FARNBOROUGH
10 MILES
WESTERHA
BASINGSTOKE
REIGATE
WORTEGEM
10 MILES
KILOMETER
TOULON
0
5
ALDERSHOT
DORKING
10 KILOMETERS
GUILDFORD
REDHILL
OUDENAARDE
FARNHAM
KORTRIJK
MILFORD
TERY is in the city of Draguignan (Var),
FLORENCE CEMETERY is located on the west side of
west of Cannes and 16 miles inland. It can
Via Cassia, about 7½ miles south of Florence. The
BROOKWOOD CEMETERY is located southwest of the
FLANDERS FIELD CEMETERY lies on the southeast
n Paris-Marseille-St. Raphaël-Nice by
Rome-Milan autoroute passes near the cemetery; its
town of Brookwood, Surrey, England, 6 miles north of
edge of the town of Waregem, Belgium, along the Lille-
7/A8 (toll highway) by taking the Le Muy
Certosa-Florence exit is 2 miles to the north. There is
Guildford, and 9 miles northeast of Aldershot. It may be
Gent Autoroute E-17. It is located 175 miles north of
y N-555 to Draguignan. From Cannes
excellent train service to Florence from the principal cities
reached by automobile from London, a distance of 28
Paris and 46 miles west of Brussels. The cemetery is within
ay be reached via Grasse on highway
of Italy; it is also served by some of the international trains.
miles, or by train from Waterloo station in less than an
30 miles of Brugges (Brugge) and Ghent (Gent), the two
2 or highway N-7 via Fréjus and Le Muy
hour. The American cemetery is about 300 yards from the
The "SITA" bus station provides frequent bus service
largest cities in Flanders. Waregem can be reached by train
aguignan. Trains from Cannes, Marseille
Brookwood railroad station. There are hotels and restau-
from Paris in about 5 hours and from Brussels in one hour.
St. Raphaël where taxicab and bus ser-
along Via Cassia; there is a bus stop conveniently located
rants at Woking, Guildford, Aldershot and other nearby
just outside the cemetery gate.
Hotel accommodations in Waregem are excellent.
: to the cemetery (20 miles); some trains
towns.
The cemetery occupies a 6-acre site. Masses of graceful
where bus and taxicab services are also
The site cover 70 acres, chiefly on the west side of the
This small cemetery of 4½ acres lies within the large
trees and shrubbery enframe the burial area and screen it
). Hotel accommodations in Draguignan
Greve "torrente." The wooded hills which frame its west
civilian cemetery of the London Necropolis Co. and con-
from the passing traffic. At the ends of the paths leading to
there are many hotels in St. Raphaël,
limit rise several hundred feet. Between the two entrance
tains the graves of 468 of our military Dead. Close by are
three of the corners of the cemetery there are circular
r Riviera cities.
buildings, a bridge leads to the burial area where the
military cemeteries and monuments of the British Com-
retreats, with benches and urns. At this peaceful site rest
y, 12 acres in extent, at the foot of a hill
headstones of 4,402 of our military Dead are arrayed in
monwealth and other Allied nations. Automobiles may
368 of our military Dead most of whom gave their lives in
aracteristic cypresses, olive trees, and
symmetrical curved rows upon the hillside.
drive through the necropolis to the American cemetery.
liberating the soil of Belgium in World War I. Their
thern France, rest 861, of our military
Within the American cemetery the headstones are
headstones are aligned in four symmetrical areas around
nom gave their lives in the liberation of
Above, on the topmost of three broad terraces, stands
arranged in four plots, grouped about the flagpole. The
the white stone chapel which stands in the center of the
in August, 1944. Their headstones are
the memorial marked by a tall pylon surmounted by a large
regular rows of white marble headstones on the smooth
cemetery.
at lines, divided into four plots, grouped
sculptured figure. The memorial has two open atria, or
lawn are framed by masses of shrubs and evergreen trees
The altar inside the chapel is of black and white "Grand
1. At each end of the cemetery is a small
courts, joined by the wall of the Missing upon which are
which form a perfect setting for the chapel, a classic white
Antique" marble having draped flags on each side; above it
inscribed the names of 1,409 who gave their lives in the
stone building on the northwest side of the cemetery. The
is a crusader's sword outlined in gold. The chapel furniture
overlooking the cemetery, is the chapel
service of their Country and who rest in unknown graves.
interior of the chapel is of tan-hued stone. Small stained-
is of carved oak, stained black with white veining to har-
decorative mosaic and large sculptured
glass windows light the altar and flags and the carved cross
monize with the altar. On the side walls are inscribed the
the chapel and the burial area the great
The atrium at the south end of the wall of the Missing
above them. On the walls within the chapel are inscribed
names of 43 of the Missing who gave their lives in the
, recalls the military operations in the
serves as forecourt to the chapel which is decorated with
the names of 563 of the Missing who gave their lives in the
service of their Country, but whose remains were never
taining wall of the terrace are inscribed
marble and mosaic. The north atrium contains the marble
service of their Country and whose graves are in the sea.
recovered or identified.
of the Missing who gave their lives in the
operations maps recording the achievements of the
)untry and who rest in unknown graves.
American Armed Forces in this region.
NOME
0
5
10
15
20
25
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O
5
10
15
20
25
KILOMETERS
0
1
2
3
4
5
KILOMETERS
NORTH AFRICA
Tiber
LA
SOUKRA
LE CATELET
SOMME BONY
BOHAIN
AUTOSTRADA
BELLICOURT
LIDO ROMA
ALBANO
HARGICOURT
ARIANA
VELLETRI
ROISEL
BELLENGLISE
NO 148
FROSINONE
PERONNE
St
RHENIAN SEA
CISTERNA di LATINA
APRILIA
GOULETTE
N 29
VERMAND
SICILY ROME
156
JNIS
ST QUENTIN
MONTELLO
NO
0
MILES
FAITI
0
KILOMETERS
SICILY-ROME CEMETERY lies at the north edge of the
NORTH AFRICA CEMETERY is locat
AUDENARDE MONUMENT is located in the town of
SOMME CEMETERY is situated ½ mile southwest of the
town of Nettuno, Italy, which is immediately east of
imity to the site of the ancient city of C:
Audenarde (Oudenaarde), Belgium, 17 miles south of
village of Bony (Aisne), France, which is 11/4 miles west of
Anzio, 38 miles south of Rome. The cemetery can be
destroyed by the Romans in 146 B.C., ar
Ghent (Gent), 38 miles west of Brussels and 183 miles
highway N-44, 13 miles north of St. Quentin and 14 miles
north of Paris.
southwest of Cambrai. The road leading to Bony leaves
reached by automobile from Rome along the Via Appia
the site of Roman Carthage. It is near th
highway N-44, 10 miles north of St. Quentin, a short
Nuova for about 8 miles, thence following directional
the same name, 10 miles from the city
The monument, of golden-yellow limestone bearing the
distance north of the American monument near Belli-
signs past Aprilia to Anzio, Nettuno and the cemetery.
miles from its airport. The "La Marsa" r
shield of the United States flanked by two stone eagles,
court. The cemetery, 98 miles northeast of Paris, can also
There is hourly train service from Rome to Nettuno
the center of Tunis to Amilcar station,
stands at the end of a small park maintained by the Com-
be reached by automobile via the Paris-Brussels toll auto-
where taxicabs can be hired. There are numerous hotels in
from the cemetery; taxicabs are availabl
mission. It commemorates the services and sacrifices of
route (A-1) to Peronne, then via Vermand and Bell-
Anzio and Nettuno.
the airport. There are good hotel acc
40,000 American troops who, in October and November
englise, or Brussels-Reims toll autoroute (A-26) exit 9, via
Tunis as well as in the vicinity of the Ce
1918, fought in the vicinity as units attached to the Group
highway N-44 south for 7½ miles to Bony. Hotel ac-
The cemetery site covers 77 acres, rising in a gentle
age, Amilcar and Gammarth.
of Armies commanded by the King of the Belgians. Some
commodations are available at Peronne, St. Quentin, and
slope from a broad pool with an island and cenotaph
are buried in Flanders Field American Cemetery at
Cambrai which may be reached by train from Paris (Gare
flanked by groups of Italian cypress trees. Beyond the pool
At this cemetery, 27 acres in extent,
du Nord).
is the immense field of headstones of 7,862 of our military
military Dead, their headstones set in St
Waregem, 8 miles to the west.
This 14-acre cemetery, sited on a gentle slope typical of
Dead arranged in gentle arcs which sweep across the broad
divided into 9 rectangular plots by W
the open, rolling Picardy countryside, contains the graves
KEMMEL MONUMENT is 4 miles south of Ypres
green lawns beneath rows of Roman pines. The majority
decorative pools at their intersections.
of 1,844 of our military Dead. Most lost their lives while
(Ieper), Belgium, near Vierstraat, on the Mont Kemmel
serving in American units attached to British Armies, or in
of these men died in the operations preceding the libera-
east edge of the burial area is the long Wa
with its sculptured figures, bordering t
(Kemmelberg) road, overlooking the bitterly contested
the operations near Cantigny. The headstones, set in regu-
tion of Rome.
race leading to the memorial. On this
Ypres battlefield. Ypres is 30 miles south of Ostende
lar rows, are separated into four plots by paths which
At the head of the wide central mall stands the memo-
the names of 3,724 of the Missing. M
(Ostend), 74 miles west of Brussels and 165 miles north of
intersect at the flagpole near the top of the slope. The
rial, a building rich in works of art and architecture
those who rest in the cemetery, gave 1
Paris; it is accessible by train.
longer axis leads to the chapel at the eastern end of the
expressing America's remembrance of the Dead. It con-
service of their Country in military activi
This small monument on a low platform consists of a
cemetery.
sists of a chapel to the south, a peristyle and a museum
North Africa to the Persian Gulf. The
A massive bronze door, surmounted by an American
rectangular white stone block, in front of which is carved a
eagle, leads the way into the chapel whose outer walls
room to the north. On the white marble walls of the chapel
memorial court which contain large ma
soldier's helmet upon a wreath. It commemorates the
contain sculptured pieces of military equipment. Once
are engraved the names of 3,095 of the Missing, whose
ceramic depicting the operations and su
services and sacrifices of American troops who, in the late
inside, light from a cross-shaped crystal window above the
remains were never recovered or identified. The museum
American Armed Forces across Africa to
summer of 1918, fought nearby in units attached to the
marble altar, bathes the subdued interior with luminous
room contains a bronze relief map and four fresco maps
were designed to harmonize with local
British Army; some are buried in Flanders Field American
radiance. The walls bear the names of 333 of our fallen
depicting the military operations in Sicily and Italy. At
chapel interior is decorated with polish
Cemetery at Waregem, 34 miles to the east.
heroes, who were Missing in Action.
each end of the memorial are ornamental Italian gardens.
and sculpture.
STRASBOURG
LORRAINE
THAON-LES-VOSGES
Moselle
EPAUX-BEZU
VITTEL
/
D 164
BELLEAU
D3
AISNE-MARNE
N3
EPINAL
BELLEAU WOOD
HATEAU-
N
THIERRY
DINOZ
LUCY-LE-BOCAGE
EPIN
Moselle
CHIERRY
MONTREUIL AUX LIONS
PARIS
Marne
MILES
ST AVOLD STATION
5
MILES
0
0
5
10 MILES
N 369
REMIREMONT
3
KILOMETERS
0
2
5
10
KILOMETERS
KILOMETERS
METERY is situated 3/4 mile north of the
EPINAL CEMETERY is located 4 miles south of Epinal
BELLICOURT MONUMENT is 9 miles north of St.
AISNE-MARNE CEMETERY lies south of the village of
(Moselle), France, on highway N-33. St.
(Vosges), France, on the west bank of the Moselle River.
Quentin (Aisne), France, on the highway to Cambrai and
Belleau (Aisne), France, 61/2 miles northwest of
8 miles east of Metz and 17 miles south-
Do not take Epinal bypass but take main highway N-57
1 mile north of the village of Bellicourt; it is 97 miles
Château-Thierry. It may be reached by automobile from
ten, can be reached by automobile from
(Nancy-Belfort) which passes the cemetery entrance. The
northeast of Paris and 3 miles from the Somme American
Paris via N-3, turning left opposite the entrance pylons of
via toll autoroute A-4 in about 4 hours.
cemetery, which is 231 miles east of Paris, can be reached
Cemetery. Erected above a canal tunnel built by Napoleon
the Château-Thierry Monument which are about 2 miles
S (Gare de l'Est) to St. Avold station,
by automobile via Void-Neufchâteau-Epinal. Rail service
I, it commemorates the achievements and sacrifices of the
west of the town of Château-Thierry; the total distance is
from the town, takes about 3½ hours.
from Paris (Gare de l'Est) to Epinal via Nancy where, in
90,000 American troops who served in battle with the
58 miles. The cemetery may also be reached via toll auto-
able at the station. There are hotels at St.
some cases, it is necessary to change trains, takes about 5
British Armies in France during 1917 and 1918.
route A-4 by taking the Montreuil-aux-Lions exit and
Saarbrücken and Metz.
hours. There are hotels at Epinal, Vittel (30 miles) and
The tunnel was one of the main defense features of the
following the cemetery signs to Lucy-le-Bocage and pro-
Plombières (22 miles); taxicab service is available from
Hindenburg Line which was broken by American troops
ceeding through Belleau Wood to the entrance of the
which covers 1131/2 acres, contains the
these cities.
in a brilliant offensive in September 1918. Engraved on
cemetery. There is rail service from Paris (Gare de l'Est) to
f graves of our military Dead of World
The cemetery, 48 acres in extent, is sited on a plateau
the rear facade of the memorial is a map illustrating the
Château-Thierry; the journey takes about 1 hour.
a total of 10,489. Most of these lost their
100 feet above the river, in the foothills of the Vosges
American operations; on the terrace is an orientation table.
This 421/2-acre cemetery, in a sweeping curve at the
ig in this region. Their headstones are
Mountains; it contains the graves of 5,255 of our military
foot of the hill where stands Belleau Wood, contains the
plots in a generally elliptical design
Dead, most of whom gave their lives in the campaigns
CANTIGNY MONUMENT is in the village of Cantigny
graves of 2,289 of our Dead, most of whom fought in the
he beautiful rolling terrain of eastern
across northeastern France to the Rhine and beyond into
(Somme), France, 4 miles northwest of Montdidier on
vicinity and in the Marne valley in the summer of 1918.
inating in a prominent overlook feature.
Germany.
route D-26 from Montdidier to Ailly-sur-Noye. From
From the hillside rises the memorial chapel decorated with
The memorial, a rectangular structure with two large
Paris, it is 66 miles north via Chantilly or Senlis.
sculptured and stained-glass details of wartime personnel,
which stands on a plateau to the west of
bas-relief panels, consists of a chapel, portico, and
This battlefield monument, commemorating the first
equipment and insignia. On its interior walls are the names
contains ceramic operations maps with
museum room with its mosaic operations map. On the
offensive operation in May 1918 by a large American unit
of 1,060 who were Missing in the region. The observation
vice flags. High on its exterior front wall
walls of the Court of Honor, which surround the memo-
in World War I, stands in the center of the village which
platform in the chapel tower affords excellent views over
re of St. Nabor, the martyred Roman
rial, are inscribed the names of 424 of the Missing who
was captured in that attack and which was completely
the battlefield. During World War II, the chapel was dam-
looks the silent host. On each side of the
gave their lives in the service of their Country and who rest
destroyed by artillery fire. It consists of a white stone
aged slightly by an enemy shell.
rallel to its front, stretch the walls of the
in unknown graves.
shaft, on a platform, surrounded by an attractive park
Belleau Wood adjoins the cemetery; it contains many
1 are inscribed the names of 444 Ameri-
Stretching northward is a wide tree-lined mall which
developed and maintained by the Commission. The quiet
vestiges of World War I. At the flagpole is a monument
eir lives in the service of their Country
separates the two large burial plots. At the northern end of
surroundings now give no hint of the bitter hand-to-hand
commemorating the valor of the U.S. Marines who cap-
is were not recovered or identified. The
the mall the circular flagpole plaza forms an overlook
fighting which took place near the site of the monument.
tured much of this ground in 1918.
ramed in woodland.
affording a view of a wide sweep of the Moselle valley.
OISE-AISNE
N
HBH_
FERE-EN.
TARDENOIS
0
OCOURT
MILES
T. MARTIN
D2
KILOMETERS
JXEMBOURG
LIEGE
VILLERS-AGRON
0
5
MILES
LUXEMBOURO
0
5 KILOMETERS
SERAING
HAMM
VERNEUIL
N
OUGREE
Marne
IVOZ
DORMANS
RR
STATION
EPERNAY
N639
ITZIG
U-THIERRY
ARDENNES
NEUPRE
CHÂTEAU-THIERRY MONUMENT, on a hill 2 miles
OISE-AISNE CEMETERY lies 1½ miles east of Fère-
west of Château-Thierry, commands a wide view of the
en-Tardenois (Aisne), France, which is 14 miles northeast
ARDENNES CEMETERY is located near the southeast
LUXEMBOURG CEMETERY lies just \
valley of the Marne. It is 54 miles east of Paris, 4½ miles
of Château-Thierry. It may be reached by automobile
edge of Neupré (Neuville-en-Condroz), 12 miles south-
of Luxembourg City, 3 miles east of the
southeast of Aisne-Marne (Belleau) Cemetery and 17
from Paris by toll autoroute A-4 taking the Château-
west of Liège, Belgium. The main highway to Dinant
capital which can be reached by train from
miles southwest of the Oise-Aisne (Fère) Cemetery where
Thierry exit, then going north on D-1 to Rocourt St.
passes the entrance. Liège can be reached by express train
l'Est) in approximately 5 hours, from Lièg
rest many of the American soldiers and marines who
Martin, or over N-3 to Château-Thierry, thence N-367
from Paris (Gare du Nord) in about 51/2 hours, from
from Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany. The a
fought in this region in the summer of 1918. Two stone
to Fère-en-Tardenois, a total distance of 70 miles. Hotels
Brussels and from Germany via Aachen. Taxicabs and
northeast of the cemetery. Taxicabs a
pylons mark the entrance from the Paris- Château-
are available in Château-Thierry, Reims (27 miles) and
limited bus service to Neupré are available from Liège.
Luxembourg station and airport. There a
Thierry highway (N-3).
Soissons (18 miles). There is rail service to each of these
There are several hotels in the city.
hotels in the city.
The monument consists of an impressive double col-
cities where taxicabs may be hired.
The approach drive leads to the memorial, a rectangular
The cemetery, 501/2 acres in extent,
onade rising above a long terrace; on its west façade are
At this cemetery site of 361/2 acres, beneath the broad
stone structure bearing on its façade a massive American
beautiful wooded area. Not far from the
heroic sculptured figures representing the United States
lawn surrounded by stately trees and shrubbery, rest
eagle and other symbolical sculpture. Within are the
the white stone chapel, set on a wide c
and France. On the east façade is a map of American
chapel, three large wall maps composed of inlaid marbles,
surrounded by woods. It is embellished V
6,012 of our military Dead most of whom gave their lives
military operations in this region and also an orientation
while fighting in this vicinity during 1918. Their head-
marble panels depicting combat and supply activities and
bronze and stone, a stained-glass window
table.
stones, aligned in long rows, rise in a gentle slope from the
other ornamental features. Along the outside of the
unit insignia and a mosaic ceiling. Flankin
TOURS MONUMENT is located in the city of Tours,
entrance to the memorial at the far end. The burial area is
memorial, inscribed on granite slabs, are the names of 462
lower level are two large stone pylons
of the Missing who gave their lives in the service of their
maps made of various inlaid granites, V
France, 146 miles southwest of Paris.
divided into four plots by wide paths lined by trees and
recalling the achievements of the America
beds of roses; at the intersection is a circular plaza and the
Country, but whose remains were never recovered or
The monument commemorates the efforts of the
in this region. On the same pylons are insc
flagpole.
identified. The façade on the far (north) end which over-
650,000 men who served during World War I in the
of 371 of the Missing who gave their lives
looks the burial area bears the insignia, in mosaic, of the
Services of Supply of the American Expeditionary Forces
The memorial is a curving colonnade, flanked at the
their Country, but whose remains were
major United States units which operated in Northwest
and whose work behind the battle lines made possible the
ends by a chapel and a map-room. It is built of rose-
or identified.
Europe in World War II.
brilliant achievements of the American armies in the field.
colored sandstone with white trim bearing sculptured
Sloping gently downhill from the mem
It is situated just east of the southern end of the Pont
details of wartime equipment. The chapel contains an altar
The cemetery, 90 acres in extent, contains the graves of
area containing 5,076 of our military Dead
Wilson which crosses the Loire in prolongation of the
of carved stone. Engraved upon its walls are the names of
5,328 of our military Dead, many of whom died in the
gave their lives in the "Battle of the B1
main street (Rue Nationale) of Tours, and consists of a
241 of the Missing, whose remains were never recovered
so-called "Battle of the Bulge." Their headstones are
advance to the Rhine. Their headston
handsome fountain of white stone and bronze with appro-
or identified. The map-room contains an engraved and
aligned in straight rows which compose the form of a huge
graceful curves; trees, fountains and fl
priate sculpture. The surrounding area was developed by
colored wall map portraying the military operations in this
Greek cross on the lawns and are enframed by tree masses.
tribute to the dignity of the ensemble.
the Commission into a small park.
region during 1918.
0
5 MILES
DUN-SUR-MEUSE
KILOMETERS
HEERLEN
N
AUBEL
SIVRY.
5
10 MILE
HENRI-CHAPELLE
ROMAGNE
ALKENBURG
GRAND PRE
MEUSE-ARGONNE
o
5
10
KILOMETERS
HENRI-CHAPELL
E
T
H
E
R L
A
N
D
S
CONSENVOYE
WEL
KENRAEDT
BATTICE
E40
MARGRATEN
N3
MONTFAUCON
GULPEN
LIEGE
AUTOROUTE
AACHEN.KÖLN
VARENNES CHEPPY
BRAS
HERLANDS
038
0
5 MILES
VERDUN
AACHEN
0
5
KILOMETERS
VERVIERS
NEUVILLY
946
VAALS
PAROIS
B
E
I.
G
I
U
M
CLERMONT EN.ARGONNE
S CEMETERY, the only American mili-
HENRI-CHAPELLE CEMETERY lies 2 miles northwest
SOMMEPY MONUMENT stands on Blanc Mont ridge,
MEUSE-ARGONNE CEMETERY is located east of the
1 the Netherlands, lies in the village of
of the village of Henri-Chapelle which is on the main
3 miles northwest of Sommepy-Tahure (Marne), France.
les east of Maastricht. Maastricht can be
village of Romagne-sous-Montfaucon (Meuse), France,
highway from Liège, Belgium (18 miles) to Aachen,
The site is 11 miles north of Suippes and 124 miles east of
from Paris (Gare du Nord) via Brussels,
which is 26 miles northwest of Verdun. It may be reached
Germany (10 miles). Henri-Chapelle is 4½ miles north-
Paris; it can be reached via Châlons-sur-Marne or Reims.
by automobile from Paris (152 miles) via toll autoroute
nd or from Germany via Aachen. A bus
west of the Welkenraedt exit (7 miles from the German
The monument, surrounded by vestiges of World War I
n Maastricht railroad station. Maastricht
A-4 or highway N-3, to Ste. Menehould, continuing on
frontier) on the Aachen-Antwerp autoroute. Welken-
trenches, dugouts and gun emplacements, is essentially a
abs is 5 miles to the north; service should
N-3 to Clermont-en-Argonne (19 miles south of the
raedt, the nearest station with taxicab service to the ceme-
tower of golden-yellow limestone; a platform at the top
cemetery) and continuing on via Varennes-en-Argonne; it
tery, may be reached by train from Paris (Gare du Nord),
affording a wide view over the former battlefields is open
may also be reached from Verdun (where hotels are avail-
tial tower can be seen before reaching the
Brussels and Aachen.
each day except Friday. Inside the entrance an inscription
able) via Consenvoye or Dun-sur-Meuse, distances of 26
651/2 acres. From the cemetery entrance
At this cemetery, covering 57 acres, rest 7,989 of our
relates the American operations in this vicinity. The
or 29 miles. Rail service from Paris (Gare de l'Est) to
to the Court of Honor with its pool
military Dead, most of whom gave their lives during the
monument, whose site was captured by American troops,
Verdun, takes about 3½ hours. Taxis are available from
er. To the right and left, respectively, are
advance of the U.S. Armed Forces into Germany. Their
commemorates the achievements of the 70,000 Ameri-
there to the cemetery.
ding and the museum containing three
headstones are arranged in gentle arcs sweeping across a
cans who served in this region during the summer and fall
maps with texts depicting the military
broad green lawn which slopes gently downhill.
At this site, covering 1301/2 acres, rest the largest
of 1918.
number of our military Dead in Europe, a total of 14,246.
American Armed Forces.
A highway passes through the reservation. West of the
MONTFAUCON MONUMENT at Montfaucon
Most of those buried here gave their lives during the
highway an overlook affords an excellent view of the
g the sides of the Court are the two walls
Argonne (Meuse), France is 7 miles south of the
Meuse-Argonne offensive. The immense array of head-
rolling Belgian countryside, once a battlefield.
which are recorded the names of 1,722
Meuse-Argonne Cemetery and 20 miles northwest of
stones rises in long regular rows upward beyond a wide
ves in the service of their Country, but
To the east is the long colonnade which, with the
Verdun. Its massive granite Doric column is surmounted
central pool to the chapel which crowns the ridge. A
chapel and museum room, forms the memorial overlook-
wn graves. Beyond the tower containing
by a statue symbolic of Liberty, which towers more than
beautiful bronze screen separates the chapel foyer from
burial area, divided into 16 plots, where
ing the burial area. The chapel is simple but richly or-
200 feet above the ruins of the former village. It com-
the interior which is decorated with stained-glass windows
military Dead, their headstones set in
namented. In the museum are two maps of military
memorates the Meuse-Argonne offensive in which, dur-
portraying American unit insignia; behind the altar are the
ide treelined mall leads to the flagstaff
operations, carved in black granite, with inscriptions
ing 47 days of fighting between 26 September and 11
flags of the principal Allied nations.
recalling the achievements of our Forces.
crest.
November 1918, the U.S. First Army forced a general
On either side of the chapel are memorial loggias. One
On the rectangular piers of the colonnade are inscribed
retreat on this front.
panel of the west loggia contains a map of the Meuse-
= in the chapel, and the altar candelabra
the names of 450 of the Missing who gave their lives in the
On the walls of the foyer are an engraved map of the
Argonne offensive. Inscribed on the remaining panels of
ere presented by the Government of the
service of their Country. The seals of the states and ter-
operations with narrative and also a tribute to the troops
both loggias are the names of the 954 Missing whose
by the local Provincial administration.
ritories are also carved on these piers.
who served. The observation platform, reached by 234
remains were never recovered or identified, to include the
steps, affords magnificent views of the battlefield.
Missing of our expedition to northern Russia, 1918-1919.
WOEVRE
MARCHEVILLE
BEACH
PORT-EN-BESSIN
ST LAURENT
NORMANDY
States and France.
COLLEVILLE
0514
COURSEULLES
CHAMBLEY
FORMIGNY
0
MILES
D 517
0
CARENTAN
5
KILOMETERS
0952
ECFOB
ARNAVILLE
ISIGNY
BAYEUX
VIGNEULLES
ST BENOIT
ST MIHIEL
THIAUCOURT
CEMETERY
ESSEY
PONT-A.
0
5
10 MILES
MOUSSON
ST MIHIEL
MONTSE
D 958
0
5
10 KILOMETERS
FLIREY
ST LÔ
APREMONT
NAME
ST. MIHIEL CEMETERY is situated at the west edge of
MONTSEC MONUMENT is situated on the isolated hill
NORMANDY CEMETERY is situated on a cliff over-
Thiaucourt (M. et M.), France. The cemetery can be
of Montsec (Thiaucourt), France, 12 miles southwest of
looking Omaha Beach and the English Channel, just east
reached by automobile from Paris (190 miles), via Verdun
the St. Mihiel Cemetery, 10 miles east of the town of St.
of St.. Laurent-sur-Mer and northwest of Bayeux in Colle-
POINTE DU HOC RANGER MONU
and from Metz (23 miles), by toll autoroute A-4, exiting at
Mihiel. Entrance to its access road is immediately west of
ville-sur-Mer, 170 miles west of Paris. The cemetery may
on a cliff 8 miles west of the Normandy
Fresnes-en-Woëvre, direction Nancy. At Fresnes-en-
the center of Montsec village.
be reached by automobile via highway A-13 to Caen, then
tery overlooking Omaha Beach. It W;
Woëvre, take D-904 to Beney-en-Woëvre, then D-67 to
This majestic monument, commemorating the
highway N-13 to Bayeux and Formigny, continuing on
French to honor elements of the 2d
the cemetery. There is direct rail service from Paris (Gare
achievements and sacrifices of American soldiers who
D-517 towards St. Laurent-sur-Mer and D-514 to Colle-
under the command of LTC James E. Ru
de l'Est) to Onville. At Metz, Nancy and Verdun, hotel
fought in this region in 1917 and 1918, dominates the
ville-sur-Mer, where directional signs mark the entrance
landscape for miles around. It consists of a classic circular
the 100-foot cliff, seized the objective
accommodations are available and taxicabs may be hired.
to the cemetery. There is regular rail service between Paris
The cemetery, 401/2 acres in extent, contains the graves
colonnade with a broad approach stairway; its central fea-
successfully against determined Germar
(Gare St. Lazare) and Bayeux, where taxicab service is
of 4,153 of our military Dead. The majority of these gave
ture is a large bronze relief map of the St. Mihiel salient,
high cost. The monument consists of
available; travel by rail takes 3 hours. Hotels are available
illustrating the military operations which took place there.
pylon atop a concrete bunker with insc
their lives in the great offensive which resulted in the
at Bayeux (11 miles).
reduction of the St. Mihiel salient. Their headstones are
The monument was slightly damaged during World War II
and English on tablets at its base. It wa
but has been completely restored.
The cemetery site, at the north end of its 1/2-mile access
over to the American government on 1:
aligned in long rows, divided into four plots by avenues
road, covers 1721/2 acres and contains the graves of 9,386
care and maintenance in perpetuity. T
with tree-bordered walks. At the center is a large sundial
NAVAL MONUMENT AT GIBRALTAR, the gateway
of our military Dead, most of whom gave their lives in the
to the Mediterranean, consists of a masonry archway bear-
area on the right flank of Omaha Beach
surmounted by an American eagle. To the right (west), is a
landings and ensuing operations. On the walls of the semi-
small monument; at the eastern end is a semicircular over-
ing bronze seals of the United States and of the Navy
the Rangers left it on 8 June 1944.
circular garden on the east side of the memorial are in-
look.
Department. This monument, constructed from stone
scribed the names of 1,557 of our Missing who rest in
from the neighboring "Rock," commemorates the
Beyond the burial area to the south is the white stone
unknown graves.
achievements and sacrifices of the United States Navy in
memorial consisting of a small chapel, a peristyle with a
The memorial consists of a semicircular colonnade with
nearby waters and its comradeship with the Royal Navy
large rose-granite urn in the center and a museum. The
during World War I.
a loggia at each end containing large maps and narratives of
chapel contains a beautiful mosaic portraying an angel
From this monument, located in the midst of historic
the military operations; at the center is the bronze "Spirit
sheathing the sword. On the end walls of the museum are
surroundings, a flight of steps connects the extensive
of American Youth." Two orientation tables, which over-
recorded the names of 284 of the Missing, whose remains
British naval establishments below with the picturesque
look the beach, depict the landings in Normandy and the
were never recovered or identified; on the wall opposite
town above.
artificial harbor established here. Facing west at the
the door is a' large inlaid marble map of the St. Mihiel
Gibraltar is a port of call for many ships; a visit to the
memorial, one sees in the foreground the reflecting pool;
offensive.
monument from the pier requires about half an hour.
beyond is the burial area with the circular chapel and, at
UTAH BEACH MONUMENT is loca
tion of highway N- 13D, approxima
northeast of Sainte-Marie-du-Mont (
This monument commemorates the ac
American Forces of the VII Corps W
liberation of the Cotentin Peninsula fro
1944. It consists of a red granite obelis
small, developed park overlooking the 1
of Utah Beach, one of the two America
during the Normandy Invasion of Jur
11
FOLLIGNY
ST NEOTS
CAMBRIDGE
AVRANCHES
NEWMARKET
MORTAIN
PONTAUBAULT
BEDFORD
D907
PLACE DE DEFENSE
DOMFRONT
428
ST HILAIRE-DU
HARCOUET
GERMAIN
D30
MES
ROYSTON
N
IPSWICH
FT
DU
BVD WASHINGTON
"ANY
BALDOCK
VALERIEN
GDE
SURESNES
ARMEE,
GARE ST LAZARE
0
5
10 MILES
SURESNES
0
5
10 MILES
STEVENAGE
RR STATION
PLACE_DE_LETOILE
0155
10
KILOMETERS
BISHOPS
STORTFORD
COLCHESTER
FOUGERES
WELWYN
WARE
PARIS
MILES
MAYENNE
HATFIELD
CHELMSFORD
2
KILOMETERS
ERNEE
METERY lies 11/2 miles southeast of the
CAMBRIDGE CEMETERY is situated 3 miles west of
SURESNES CEMETERY is in the suburb of Suresnes, 5
NAVAL MONUMENT AT BREST, FRANCE, stands
nes (Manche), France, 12 miles south of
the university city of Cambridge, England, on highway
miles west of the center of Paris. It can be reached by
on the ramparts of the city overlooking the harbor which
14 miles north of Fougères. It may be
A-1303 and 60 miles north of London. By automobile
automobile, taxic?b or suburban trains; the latter depart
was a major base of operations for American naval vessels
nobile from Paris via toll highway A-11 to
from London it takes about 21/4 hours. Cambridge may
about every 20 minutes from the Gare St. Lazare. From
during World War I. The original monument, built on this
1 to Ernee, N-12 to Fougères, and finally
also be reached by railroad from Liverpool Street station.
the Suresnes station it is only a 10 minute walk to the
site to commemorate the achievements of the United
nes, a total distance of 220 miles (352 km)
Travel time is about 1½ hours; train service is frequent.
cemetery. From the site, which is located high on the
States Navy during World War I, was destroyed by the
each the cemetery by rail from Paris, take
Taxicab service is available at Cambridge station. There
slopes of Mount Valérien, a fine panorama of a large part
enemy on 4 July 1941, prior to our entry into World War
ougères, leaving Gare Montparnasse,
are excellent hotels in the city.
of Paris can be viewed.
II. The present structure is a replica of the original and was
7 bus in Vitre. Train time from Paris is
The site, 301/2 acres in extent, was donated by the
At this cemetery, 7½ acres in extent, rest 1,541 who
completed in 1958.
our hours. Taxi service is available from
University of Cambridge. It lies on a north slope with wide
died in World War I, together with 24 of our Unknown
The monument is a rectangular rose-granite shaft, rising
cemetery. There are hotels at St. James,
prospect; the west and south sides are framed by wood-
Dead of World War II. Bronze tablets on the walls of the
145 feet above the lower terrace and 100 feet above the
orson (10 miles) and Mont St. Michel (15
land. The cemetery contains the remains of 3,811 of our
chapel record the names of 974 Missing or buried or lost at
Cours Ajot. All four sides are ornamented by sculpture
military Dead; on the great wall of the Missing are
sea in 1917 and 1918.
of nautical interest. The surrounding area has been de-
tery, covering 28 acres of rolling farm
recorded the names of 5,126 who gave their lives in the
Originally a World War I cemetery, Suresnes now shel-
veloped by the Commission into an attractive park.
eastern edge of Brittany, rest 4,410 of
service of their Country, but whose remains were never
ters the remains of our Dead of both wars. The World War
of whom gave their lives in the Normandy
recovered or identified. Most of these died in the Battle of
I memorial chapel was enlarged by the addition of two
ipaigns in 1944. Along the retaining wall
the Atlantic or in the strategic air bombardment of
loggias dedicated to the Dead of World War I and of
terrace are inscribed the names of 497 of
Northwest Europe.
World War II, respectively. In the rooms at the ends of the
se resting place "is known only to God."
From the flagpole platform, near the main entrance, the
loggias are white marble figures in memory of those who
te memorial, containing the chapel as well
great mall, with its reflecting pools, stretches eastward; it is
gave their lives in these two wars. Inscribed on the walls of
rations maps with narratives and flags of
from this mall that the wide, sweeping curve of the burial
the loggias is a summary of the loss of life in our Armed
ces, overlooks the burial area. Interesting
area across the green lawns is best appreciated. Along the
Forces in each war, together with the location of all the
sculpture aid in embellishing the struc-
south side is the wall of the Missing; at the far end is the
overseas cemeteries where our Dead are buried. Senior
The AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES
it platform of the tower, reached by 98
memorial with its chapel, its two huge military maps, its
representatives of the American and French Governments
MEMORIAL, located on Penn. Ave. between 14th and
view of the stately pattern of the head-
stained-glass windows bearing the State Seals and military
assemble on ceremonial occasions at Suresnes Cemetery
15th Streets, NW in Wash. DC, commemorates the two
of the peaceful surrounding countryside
decorations and its mosaic ceiling memorial to the Dead of
to honor the memory of our military Dead.
million American military personnel and their CinC,
ward to the sea and Mont St. Michel.
our Air Forces.
Gen. John J. Pershing, who made up the AEF of WWI.
It consists of a stone plaza 52 ft. by 75 an 8 ft. statue
of Gen. Pershing on a stone pedestal, a stone bench facing
the statue and two 10 ft. high walls, one along the south
side of the memorial area and one along the east. The
south wall contains two battle maps with appropriate
inscriptions. Inscribed upon the reverse face of the east
wall is Gen. Pershing's tribute to the officers and men of
the AEF: "IN THEIR DEVOTION, THEIR VALOR, AND IN
THE LOYAL FULFILLMENT OF THEIR OBLIGATIONS, THE
OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY
BEDFORD
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Strily-Rome American Cemetery
and Memorial
The American Battle Monuments Commission
1984
S
14th DRA
RVS
77
FOREVER
CRATEP Y E STARS
O
HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF AMERICANS
WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE OF THEIR
OUNTRY AND WHO SLEEP IN UNKNOWN GRAVES
Chapel Interior
2
Steily-Rome
LEGHORN
ROME
NO
0
5
10
15
20
25 MILES
American
NOW
NO
0
S
10
15
20
25
KILOMETERS
Tiber
NOT
AUTOSTRADA
LIDO DI ROMA
ALBANO
Cemetery
of
N
VELLETRI
TYERHENIAN
NO 148
FROSINONE
and
CISTERNA di LATINA
APRILIA
NO.
D
SEA
SICILY-ROME
156
MONTELLO
NO
NO
Memorial
156
FAITI
ANZIO
NETTUNO
T.
LATINA
D
NAPLES
LOCATION
Nuova/route No. 7. About 8 miles
The Sicily-Rome American Ceme-
from the Piazza di San Giovanni,
tery and Memorial is situated just
after passing Ciampino airport, turn
east of Anzio at the north edge of the
right on route No. 207 at the Sicily-
town of Nettuno, 38 miles/60 kilom-
Rome American Cemetery sign and
eters south of Rome.
follow it past Aprilia to Anzio, Net-
There is hourly train service be-
tuno and the cemetery.
tween Rome and Nettuno. Travel
(2) At Piazza di San Giovanni,
one way by rail takes a little over one
bear right on the Via dell' Amba
hour. The cemetery is located one
Aradam to Via delle Terme di
mile north of the Nettuno railroad
Caracalla, pass through the old
station, from which taxi service is
Roman wall along Viale Cristoforo
available.
Colombo and through the Exposi-
To travel to the cemetery from
tion grounds (EUR), immediately
Rome by automobile, the following
beyond which is the first of the direc-
two routes are recommended:
tional signs to the cemetery. Con-
(1) At Piazza di San Giovanni,
tinue on Via Pontina/route No. 148 to
bear left and pass through the old
overpass near Aprilia, thence take
Roman wall to the Via Appia
route No. 207/Via Nettunense.
Main Entrance to Cemetery
3
Aerial View of the Cemetery
Adequate hotel accommodations
campaign, Allied forces landed in
may be found in Anzio, Nettuno and
strength on the southern and east-
Rome.
ern shores of the island of Sicily.
Despite vigorous resistance by the
HOURS
enemy, infantry and airborne troops
The cemetery is open daily to the
of the U.S. Seventh Army thrust in-
public as follows:
land under cover of gunfire from the
SUMMER (15 May - 15 September)
Western Naval Task Force. Five days
8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. - weekdays
later, the Allied beachheads were
9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. - Saturdays,
joined and a continuous line estab-
Sundays, and holidays
lished. While the British Eighth
WINTER (16 September - 14 May)
Army on the right was advancing
8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. - weekdays
northeast toward Mount Etna
9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. - Saturdays,
against stiff resistance, the U.S.
Sundays, and holidays
Seventh Army was driving rapidly
During these hours, a staff
to the northwest. Advancing 100
member is on duty in the Visitors'
miles in four days, the Seventh Army
Building to answer questions and
occupied the port city of Palermo
escort relatives to grave and memo-
and then swung toward Messina in
rial sites, except between noon and
the northeast.
3:00 p.m. on weekends and holi-
With air cover and support from
days.
the U.S. Twelfth Air Force, the
Seventh and Eighth Armies drove
HISTORY
across the difficult mountainous ter-
On 10 July 1943, just two months
rain of Sicily to seize Messina on 17
after the victorious North African
August. In just 39 days, the entire
4
FEET
RESERVOIR
0
100
200
300
400
500
N
Fosse dei Tinozzi
SERVICE AREA
NORTH GARDEN
H
I
MEMORIAL
B
Parking
VIALE DELLA RIMEMBRAM
SOUTH GARDEN
VISITORS
BUILDING
Entrance
G
E
C
A
POOL
NETTUNO
Location of Cemetery Features
island was overrun and the Sicilian
combined with artillery, naval gun-
campaign concluded. This resound-
fire and air support halted the
ing victory by the Allies caused the
enemy assault. Realizing that it
Italian government to break with the
could not dislodge the Fifth Army
Axis and sue for peace.
and fearful of not being in good de-
In order to maintain contact with
fensive positions when the Eighth
the withdrawing enemy forces,
Army arrived in the area from Mes-
troops of the British Eighth Army
sina and Taranto, the enemy with-
crossed the Straits of Messina to the
drew to the north as the two Allied
mainland. Six days later, at 0330
armies joined forces at Vallo. With
hours on 9 September, the major
air support from the U.S. Twelfth
amphibious assault was launched on
Air Force, the Fifth Army seized
the Italian mainland over the
Naples on 1 October as the Eighth
beaches of Salerno by American and
Army on its right captured the air-
British troops of the U.S. Fifth
fields near Foggia. A major Allied
Army. That same day, a British fleet
objective of the landings on the Ital-
landed troops at Taranto to seize the
ian mainland was thus accom-
major port there and divert some
plished, obtainment of air bases
enemy reserves from the main land-
from which the U.S. Fifteenth Air
ing. Four days later, elements of two
Force could conduct strategic bom-
Panzer Corps mounted a powerful
bardment of Austria, the Balkans
counterattack against Allied troops
and Germany. Together with the
at Salerno threatening existence of
U.S. Eighth Air Force operating
the entire beachhead. After three
from England, it carried out numer-
days of bitter fighting, stubborn re-
ous massive aerial attacks to destroy
sistance by the Allied ground forces
critical industrial targets and defeat
5
9
Graves area with Memorial in Background
the German Air Force.
Monte Majo causing the enemy to
Continuing its advance north-
commit its last reserves there. Soon
ward, the U. S. Fifth Army crossed
the Allies were penetrating all along
the Volturno River in mid-October
the line. Two weeks later the VI
and attacked toward the Liri River
Corps broke out of the beachhead,
Valley, which was considered the
and on 4 June 1944, the Allies
"gateway to Rome." Increasing re-
entered Rome. For the first time
sistance by the enemy, adverse
since the landings at Salerno in Sep-
weather conditions and mountain-
tember 1943, the enemy was in full
ous terrain combined to slow the
retreat.
Fifth Army advance. In November
and December, the Fifth Army
SITE
fought its way across the rugged ter-
rain in bitterly cold weather as on its
The site, 77 acres in extent, lay in the
right the Eighth Army crossed the
zone of advance of the U.S. 3d Infan-
Sangro River. The two Allied armies
try Division. A temporary wartime
continued the breaching of the
cemetery was established there on
enemy's Winter Line south of Cas-
24 January 1944, two days after the
sino, reaching the Garigliano and
U.S. VI Corps landing on the
the Rapido Rivers in January 1944,
beaches of Anzio.
where the advance ground to a halt
After World War II, when the
at the strongly fortified Gustav Line.
temporary cemeteries were disestab-
To break the stalemate, an am-
lished by the Army, the remains of
phibious operation was planned at
American military Dead whose
Anzio 40 miles south of Rome to out-
next-of-kin requested permanent
flank the Gustav Line and cut off the
interment overseas were moved to
enemy from the rear. A Fifth Army
one of the fourteen permanent sites
attack continued to meet stubborn
on foreign soil, usually the one
resistance in the heavily fortified
which was closest to the temporary
Cassino area and failed to breach the
cemetery. There they were rein-
Gustav Line. However, it was suc-
terred by the American Graves Reg-
cessful in drawing enemy reserves
istration Service in the distinctive
away from the landing beaches.
grave patterns proposed by the
The amphibious landings on 22
cemetery's architect and approved
January 1944 by American and
by the Commission. Design and
British troops of the VI Corps at
construction of all structures and
Anzio came as a surprise to the
facilities at the permanent sites as
enemy. He, nevertheless, reacted
well as the sculpture, landscaping
forcefully and within a few days had
and other improvements were the
brought reinforcements from north-
responsibility of the Commission.
ern Italy, France, Germany and
Many of the Dead interred or
Yugoslavia. Three major counter-
commemorated here gave their lives
attacks were hurled against the VI
in the liberation of Sicily (10 July to
Corps beachhead only to be stopped
17 August 1943); in the landings in
by a magnificent ground defense
the Salerno area (9 September 1943)
supported by tanks, artillery, air-
and in the subsequent heavy fight-
planes and naval gunfire.
ing northward; in the landings at
The final assault on the well en-
and occupation of the Anzio
trenched enemy at the Gustav Line
beachhead (22 January 1944 to May
began on 11 May 1944. An aggres-
1944); and in the air and naval
sive attack by French troops of the
operations in these regions.
Fifth Army successfully penetrated
The permanent cemetery and
the Gustav Line in its area capturing
memorial were completed in 1956.
7
ARCHITECTS
drawn directly from city mains
Architects for the cemetery and
which pass the cemetery on the
west. Along the outside of the ser-
memorial were Gugler, Kimball &
vice road to the rear of the memorial
Husted of New York City; the land-
scape architect was Ralph Griswold
stand cedars of Lebanon, Monterey
of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
cypress and oleanders. At the top of
the hill, the road turns left passing
additional parking spaces and the
GENERAL LAYOUT
rear entrance to the memorial. From
The main entrance to the cemetery is
the rear of the memorial, the road
on the west side of Via della Rimem-
passes to the left around the west
branza, 200 yards from the north
end of the graves area and returns to
edge of the town of Nettuno. Entry is
the entrance gate. Among the plant-
through ornate bronze gates sur-
ings beyond the road to the south of
mounted by the United States seal.
the graves area, Italian cypress,
The cemetery is generally trapezoi-
eucalyptus and oleanders predomi-
dal in shape with the small end of the
nate.
trapezoid near the entrance. Just in-
THE MEMORIAL
side the entrance on the right is the
Visitors' Building and a limited
The memorial consists of a chapel,
number of parking spaces. Beyond
museum and connecting peristyle
the gate directly to the front is a large
constructed largely of Roman traver-
elliptical reflecting pool (82 yards by
tine quarried near Tivoli, à few miles
66 yards) with a stone cenotaph of
east of Rome.
bronze-colored travertine in the
Flanking the entrance to the peri-
shape of a sarcophagus on a small
style are two flagstaffs 80 feet high.
island in its center. Several Italian
The peristyle contains massive col-
cypress trees flank the cenotaph on
umns of travertine and of Rosso
either side. Extending from the re-
Levanto marble from the vicinity of
flecting pool through the graves area
Rapallo, near Genoa. Prominently
to the large memorial on the west is a
positioned in the peristyle on a
wide grassy mall lined with ever-
pedestal of bronze-colored traver-
green holly oak trees and a hedge of
tine is the "Brothers in Arms"
pittosporum tobira. The memorial
sculpture by Paul Manship of New
consists of a chapel and museum
York, symbolizing an American sol-
connected by a peristyle and two
dier and sailor standing side by side
gardens. American flags fly daily
with an arm around each other's
from flagpoles located on each side
shoulder. The sculpture of bronze
of the memorial.
was cast at the Battaglia Foundry in
The service road which encircles
Milan. A single tall Roman pine tree
the graves area proceeds from the
shades it.
entrance gate past the Visitors'
On the east facade of the chapel is
Building and parking area on the
a sculptured panel in relief of white
right at which point it curves to the
Carrara marble symbolizing' "Re-
left parallel to the graves area. The
membrance." It portrays an angel
service area is located on the right
bestowing a laurel wreath upon the
just past the curve. A little further on
graves of those who gave their lives
the right are the pumphouse and
for their Country.
power stations. Here water from the
On the east facade of the museum
Fosso dei Tinozzi is directed into
is a panel symbolizing "Resurrec-
open reservoirs from which it is
tion." It portrays a dead soldier
pumped into the high pressure
being borne to his reward by a
sprinkler system. Potable water is
guardian angel. Both panels were'
8
designed by Paul Manship and
The interior chapel walls of white
carved by Pietro Bibolotti of Pietra-
Carrara marble are engraved with
santa.
the name, rank, organization and
South of the memorial, adjacent to
State of entry into military service of
the chapel, is an informal garden
3,094 Missing in the region:
lined on each side with connecting
United States Army and Army
semi-circular planters containing
Air Forces¹
2,031
beds of annual flowers. Panicled
United States Navy
1,063
goldenrain trees and pink crepe
These servicemen and women,
myrtle border the planters. At the far
who died in the service of their
end of the garden is a bronze statue
Country, were Missing in Action or
of the legendary Thracian poet and
were lost or buried at sea. They rep-
musician Orpheus circumscribed by
resent every State in the Union and
an armillary sphere with a sun dial.
the District of Columbia.
North of the memorial, adjacent to
the museum, is a more formal gar-
Over the Apse is engraved:
den planted in parterre arrange-
HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF
ments with beds of polyantha roses,
AMERICANS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN
geraniums, white oleanders, purple
THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY AND
bougainvillea and other flowers.
WHO SLEEP IN UNKNOWN GRAVES.
At the far end of the garden is a
An Italian translation is engraved
Baveno granite fountain consisting
over the door.
of a large semi-circular bowl on a
On the altar of golden Broccatello
wide pedestal. It was carved from a
Siena marble is a triptych of Ser-
single piece of granite quarried near
ravezzo white marble from the Car-
the north end of Lake Maggiore.
rara region designed by Paul Man-
Cascades of water flow from the
ship. Carved in relief on the side
bowl into a low basin.
¹During World War II, the Air Forces were
CHAPEL
part of the United States Army.
On each side of the bronze door to
the chapel (cast by the Marinelli
Foundries of Florence) is the dedica-
tory inscription in English and Ital-
ian:
1941-1945 * * IN PROUD REMEMBRANCE
OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF HER SONS
AND IN HUMBLE TRIBUTE TO THEIR
SACRIFICES THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN
ERECTED BY THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA.
INTERIOR
The chapel contains no windows.
When light in addition to the artifi-
cial lighting is needed, two huge
panels on the west wall, set in
bronze and steel frames, can be
swung open.
The floor of the chapel is of Rosso
Levanto marble; the pews are of
"Brothers in Arms" Statue,
walnut.
Peristyle of the Memorial
9
panels of the triptych are angels
planets Mars, Jupiter and Saturn oc-
holding palm branches. The left
cupy the same relative positions that
panel bears this quotation from the
they occupied at 0200 hours on
Eighth Psalm (3-5) with reference to
22 January 1944, the historic mo-
the sculptured ceiling dome:
ment when the first American and
WHEN I CONSIDER THY HEAVENS, THE
British troops landed on the beaches
WORKS OF THY FINGERS, THE MOON
of Anzio. The more important stars
AND THE STARS, WHICH THOU HAST
in each constellation are shown as
ORDAINED: WHAT IS MAN, THAT THOU
points of light on the celestial dome.
ART MINDFUL OF HIM? AND THE SON OF
Inscribed around the base of the
dome is this text:
MAN, THAT THOU VISITEST HIM? FOR
THOU HAST MADE HIM A LITTLE LOWER
0 YE STARS OF HEAVEN BLESS YE THE
THAN THE ANGELS, AND HAS
LORD PRAISE HIM AND MAGNIFY HIM
CROWNED HIM WITH GLORY AND
FOREVER.
HONOR.
A brief explanation of the dome is
The right panel bears this text
cast into the bronze cover of the large
from T. T. Higham's translation of
switchbox just inside the door of the
"The Greek Dead at Thermopylae"
chapel.
by Simonides:
NOBLY THEY ENDED, HIGH THEIR DES-
THE MUSEUM ROOM
TINATION * * BENEATH AN ALTAR LAID,
NO MORE A TOMB, WHERE NONE WITH
The museum room is entered
PITY COMES OR LAMENTATIONS BUT
through bronze gates cast by the
PRAISE AND MEMORY, A SPLENDOR OF
Marinelli Foundries, which also cast
OBLATION
*
*
WHO LEFT BEHIND A
the ornamental light fixtures in the
GEM-LIKE HERITAGE OF COURAGE AND
memorial.
RENOWN, A NAME THAT SHALL GO
An octagonal table of bronze-
DOWN FROM AGE TO AGE.
colored travertine, into which is set a
Carved in relief on the center
circular relief map of Italy at
panel, flying against a background
1:500,000 scale, occupies the center
of clouds is the Archangel Michael
of the room. The map is of bronze
sheathing his sword while four
inset with marble mosaic tile in vari-
archangels below him proclaim the
ous shades of blue depicting the sea
Victory. Beneath them is the univer-
areas. It was fabricated by Bruno Be-
sal prayer: "PEACE ON EARTH GOOD
arzi from information supplied by
WILL AMONG MEN."
the American Battle Monuments
On the reverse of the center panel
Commission and shows in general
is carved the Angel of Peace. A cross
outline the American military
in metal filigree stands before the
operations in Sicily and Italy during
triptych on the altar.
the period 1943-45.
Engraved on the left or east end of
The maps on the east and west
the altar is a cross; engraved on the
walls were designed by Carlo Ciam-
right end are the Tablets of Moses.
paglia of Middle Valley, New Jersey
and executed in true fresco by
THE CEILING
Leonetto Tintori of Florence, This
The ceiling dome sculpture, 22 feet
procedure involves the mixing of
in diameter, was designed by
pigments with the plaster as it is
Gugler, Kimball & Husted and exe-
applied to the wall. This disappear-
cuted by Paul Manship and by Bruno
ing art was used widely in the Mid-
Bearzi of Florence. The medieval
dle Ages in the production of many
signs of the Zodiac in high-relief rep-
murals which have lasted through
resent the constellations. The
the ensuing centuries.
10
South Garden of the Memorial
11
12
North Garden of the Memorial
"Remembrance"
"Resurrection"
13
OFFOR
EVER
AMERICANS
NOWN
GRAVES
WHERE ARE
THEIR
AND
Altar, Triptych and Tablets of the Missing
On the west wall are three maps- -
3. ATTACKING NORTH AND SOUTH
"The Capture of Sicily," "The
OF MOUNT ETNA, THE SEVENTH AND
Strategic Air Assaults" and "The
EIGHTH ARMIES DROVE FORWARD
Naples-Foggia Campaign." To aid in
OVER THE DIFFICULT MOUNTAIN TER-
understanding them, the maps bear
RAIN. IN ORDER TO OUTFLANK THE
these inscriptions:
ENEMY DEFENSES THE ALLIES MADE
THE CAPTURE OF SICILY
SEVERAL AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULTS
ALONG THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN
ON 10 JULY 1943, UNDER COVER OF AIR
COASTS.
AND NAVAL BOMBARDMENT, AMERI-
CAN AND BRITISH FORCES LANDED ON
4. WITH THE OCCUPATION OF MES-
THE SOUTH AND EAST SHORES OF SIC-
SINA ON 17 AUGUST THE CAMPAIGN
ILY.
ENDED. IN 39 DAYS THE ALLIES HAD EX-
1. AIDED BY GUNFIRE OF THE WEST-
PELLED THE ENEMY FROM THE ISLAND,
ERN NAVAL TASK FORCE AND COVERED
PRECIPITATING A POLITICAL DISASTER
FOR THE AXIS. ON 8 SEPTEMBER THE
BY AIRCRAFT OF THE TWELFTH AIR
FORCE, THE U. S. SEVENTH ARMY AD-
ITALIAN GOVERNMENT, RENOUNCING
VANCED RAPIDLY INLAND, REACHING
FASCIST GUIDANCE, ASKED FOR PEACE
THE CENTER OF THE ISLAND IN TEN
TERMS.
DAYS. ON 22 JULY U. S. FORCES OC-
THE STRATEGIC AIR ASSAULTS
CUPIED PALERMO AND ITS PORT.
MAJOR OBJECTIVES IN ITALY INCLUDED
2. FARTHER TO THE EAST, THE
THE AIR BASES IN THE NAPLES-FOGGIA
BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY, ATTACKING
AREA.
NORTHWARD TOWARD MOUNT ETNA,
1. FROM BASES IN THE NAPLES-
ENCOUNTERED STIFF RESISTANCE
FOGGIA AREA THE U. S. FIFTEENTH AIR
WHICH SLOWED ITS PROGRESS. THE
FORCE LAUNCHED ITS BOMBARDMENT
U. S. SEVENTH ARMY, TO RELIEVE THE
OF AUSTRIA, THE BALKANS, AND GER-
PRESSURE, PROMPTLY FACED TO THE
MANY. IN COLLABORATION WITH THE
NORTHEAST AND ADVANCED TOWARD
DESERT AIR FORCE AND THE ALLIED AIR
MESSINA.
FLEETS ALREADY OPERATING FROM
14
ENGLAND, OUR BOMBERS AND FIGHT-
THE ALLIES NEXT UNDERTOOK TO
ERS ATTACKED INCESSANTLY. THEIR
ENTER THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE.
OBJECTIVES WERE THE DEFEAT OF THE
1. THE ASSAULT ON THE SALERNO
GERMAN AIR FORCE AND THE
BEACHES WAS LAUNCHED ON 9 SEP-
PROGRESSIVE DISLOCATION AND DE-
TEMBER 1943. AT 0330 HOURS ALLIED
STRUCTION OF THE ENEMY'S MILITARY
TROOPS OF THE U.S. FIFTH ARMY
AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS.
LANDED FROM SHIPS OF THE NORTH-
2. THE FIFTEENTH AIR FORCE AT-
ERN AND SOUTHERN NAVAL ATTACK
TACKED AIRCRAFT FACTORIES IN REG-
FORCES. OVERCOMING THE DEFENSES
ENSBURG AND BUDAPEST, OIL RE-
THE ALLIES FOUGHT THEIR WAY IN-
FINERIES AT PLOESTI AND BRASOV,
LAND. AT VALLO THEY JOINED WITH
ENEMY AIRFIELDS AND LINES OF COM-
THE BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY WHICH HAD
MUNICATION IN NORTHERN ITALY,
CROSSED FROM SICILY ON 3 SEPTEM-
AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CEN-
BER.
TERING IN MUNICH, VIENNA AND
BUDAPEST. ITS AIRCRAFT REACHED AS
2. WITH THE COOPERATION OF
FAR AS BERLIN ITSELF. WHILE THE
FIGHTERS AND BOMBERS OF THE
GROUND FORCES ADVANCED NORTH-
TWELFTH AIR FORCE, THE FIFTH ARMY
WARD, THE BOMBER OFFENSIVE PUR-
MADE STEADY PROGRESS WHILE THE
SUED WITH EVER-INCREASING INTEN-
BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY ADVANCED ON
SITY THE DESTRUCTION OF STRATEGIC
ITS RIGHT. BY 1 OCTOBER NAPLES AND
MILITARY AND INDUSTRIAL TARGETS.
THE FOGGIA AIRFIELDS HAD BEEN
SEIZED. FIVE DAYS LATER THE FIFTH
THE NAPLES-FOGGIA CAMPAIGN
ARMY REACHED THE VOLTURNO RIVER,
FOLLOWING THEIR VICTORY IN SICILY,
WHICH IT CROSSED IN MID-OCTOBER
West Wall of the Museum Room
15
AND ADVANCED TOWARD THE LIRI
LESS; WAS IMMEDIATE AND EFFECTIVE.
RIVER VALLEY. IN NOVEMBER, MOUN-
REINFORCEMENTS RUSHED TO THE
TAINOUS TERRAIN, INCREASED RESIST-
AREA FROM NORTHERN ITALY,
ANCE AND BAD WEATHER SLOWED THE
FRANCE, YUGOSLAVIA AND GERMANY
ALLIED DRIVE. A HALT WAS CALLED ON
PROMPTLY HALTED THE ALLIED AD-
15 NOVEMBER TO CONSOLIDATE POSI-
VANCE. DURING FEBRUARY, THE GER-
TIONS.
MANS HURLED THREE MAJOR COUN-
3. RESUMING ITS ATTACKS IN DE-
TERATTACKS AGAINST THE BEACH-
CEMBER AND JANUARY, THE FIFTH
HEAD. THEY REGAINED SOME GROUND
ARMY SLOWLY BATTERED ITS WAY
BUT THE ALLIED TROOPS, WITH THE AID
THROUGH THE WINTER LINE. STRUG-
OF THE TWELFTH AIR FORCE AND CON-
GLING FORWARD AGAINST DETER-
CENTRATED NAVAL SUPPORT, CLUNG
MINED OPPOSITION, ACROSS RUGGED
TO THEIR PRECARIOUS FOOTHOLD
TERRAIN IN BITTERLY COLD WEATHER,
DOMINATED BY THE GERMAN POSI-
OUR TROOPS EVENTUALLY REACHED
TIONS ON THE ALBAN HILLS.
THE GARIGLIANO AND RAPIDO RIVERS.
2. IN THE SOUTH, THE FIFTH ARMY
HERE IN FRONT OF THE STRONGLY FOR-
ATTACKED THE GUSTAV LINE ON 17
TIFIED GUSTAV LINE THE ATTACK WAS
JANUARY 1944. THIS ASSAULT, DE-
STOPPED, TO BE RENEWED IN COORDI-
SIGNED TO ASSIST THE ANZIO-
NATION WITH THE LANDINGS SOON TO
NETTUNO LANDINGS, MET WITH LITTLE
BE MADE AT ANZIO.
SUCCESS AGAINST THE FORMIDABLE
Beneath the maps are two sets of
DEFENSES OF THE CASSINO AREA. WELL
key maps, "The War Against Ger-
ENTRENCHED, THE ENEMY WITHSTOOD
many" and "The War Against Ja-
HEAVY ARTILLERY FIRE AND THE AS-
pan.'
SAULTS OF THE TWELFTH AND FIF-
On the east wall is one large map,
TEENTH AIR FORCE.
"The Landing at Anzio and the Cap-
3. FROM MARCH TO MAY 1944 THE
ture of Rome.' This map portrays
ALLIES MAINTAINED THEIR CONSTANT
the landings in the vicinity of Anzio,
PRESSURE ON THE ENEMY WHILE BUILD-
the establishment of the Anzio
ING UP THEIR STRENGTH FOR A NEW
beachhead, the subsequent fighting
OFFENSIVE. ON 11 MAY, THE FIFTH
therein, and the final breach of the
ARMY ATTACKED AND BREACHED THE
Gustav line on 11 May 1944 by
GUSTAV LINE. TWO WEEKS LATER THE
American and Allied forces who,
FORCES IN THE BEACHHEAD BROKE OUT
advancing swiftly northwards,
AND JOINED THE ADVANCE. ON 4 JUNE,
joined hands with the troops who
THE ALLIES ENTERED ROME.
were breaking out of the beachhead
to liberate Rome on 4 June 1944.
GRAVES AREA
It is accompanied by the following
explanatory text:
The graves area contains ten grave
plots lettered from "A" to "J", five
THE LANDING AT ANZIO AND
on each side of a central mall. Plots
THE CAPTURE OF ROME
A, C, E, G, and I are on the left
DELAYED IN THEIR ADVANCE TOWARD
(south) side of the mall and B, D, F,
ROME AT THE GUSTAV LINE, THE ALLIES
H and J on the right (north). Each
ATTEMPTED TO OUTFLANK IT FROM THE
grave plot is enclosed by a pitto-
SEAWARD SIDE. AT 0200 HOURS ON 22
sporum hedge; the paths of grass be-
JANUARY 1944, AN ALLIED AMPHIBIOUS
tween the plots are lined with
TASK FORCE LANDED THE U. S VI
Roman pines. Here are interred
CORPS AT ANZIO AND NETTUNO.
7,862 of our military Dead under
1. THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH
7,860 headstones arranged in gentle
LANDINGS CAME AS A SURPRISE TO THE
arcs which sweep across the broad
ENEMY WHOSE REACTION, NEVERTHE-
green lawns. They represent 35 per-
16
cent of the burials which were origi-
selves. Whenever the cemetery is
nally made in Sicily and southern
open to the public, a staff member is
Italy. Each grave is marked with a
on duty in the building to answer
white marble headstone, a Star of
questions and to escort relatives to
David for those of the Jewish faith -
grave and memorialization sites (ex-
a latin cross for others. Of the
cept between the hours of noon and
graves, 488 contain the remains of
3:00 p.m. on weekends and holi-
490 Unknowns that could not be
days). He is always happy to provide
identified.
information on specific burial and
These Dead, who gave their lives
memorialization locations in any of
in their Country's service, came
the Commission's cemeteries, ac-
from all fifty states and the District of
commodations in the vicinity, best
Columbia. A small number also
means and routes of travel, local his-
came from Canada, England, Scot-
tory and other items that may be of
land, Eire, Finland, Sweden and
interest.
Spain. In twenty-one instances, two
brothers lie buried side by side.
PLANTINGS
VISITORS BUILDING
The entrance road to the cemetery is
lined with a neatly trimmed hedge of
Just inside the entrance on the right
pittosporum tobira.
is the Visitors' Building. It contains
Just inside the cemetery gates,
the superintendent's office, toilet
straight ahead is a large elliptical re-
facilities, and a comfortably fur-
flecting pool with a small island at its
nished room where visitors may
center. Several Italian cypress trees
rest, obtain information, sign the
(cupressus sempervirens pyramida-
register and pause to refresh them-
lis) and glossy abelia flank the stone
East Wall of the Museum Room
17
cenotaph on the island. Water lilies
memorial contains planters filled
float in the pool. Evergreen holly oak
with annual flowers and surrounded
trees (quercus ilex) and a hedge of
by panicled goldenrain trees (koet-
pittosporum tobira line the wide
reuteria paniculata) and pink crepe
grassy mall through the graves area
myrtle (lagerstroemia indica rosea).
from the reflecting pool to the
Gazanca Varicolor compliments the
memorial. Each grave plot is en-
Orpheus statue. The more formal
framed by a hedge of pittosporum
garden north of the memorial is
tobira and the grassy paths between
planted with beds of polyantha
the plots are lined with Roman pines
roses, geraniums, white oleander,
(pinus pinea).
purple bougainvillea and other
Within the peristyle of the memo-
flowers in parterre arrangements.
rial, a single Roman pine (pinus
Cedars of Lebanon, Monterey
pinea) shades the Brothers in Arms
cypress (cupressus macrocarpa),
statue. Dense plantings of Roman
eucalyptus and oleanders predomi-
pine (pinus pinea) form a backdrop
nate the plantings outside of the ser-
for the memorial.
vice road around the perimeter of
The informal garden south of the
the cemetery.
SYLVESTER ANTOLAK
SGT 15 INF 3 DIV
OHIO MAY 24 1944
of HOZOR N M E A D L
Headstone of Medal of Honor Recipient
18
19
Visitors' Room
Graves Area with Memorial in Background
20
Somme American Cemetery, Bony, Aisne, France
AMERICAN MEMORIALS
and
OVERSEAS MILITARY
CEMETERIES
The AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS
regulations for the erection of
COMMISSION was created by act of
monuments, markers, and memo-
Congress in March 1923 to erect and
rials in foreign countries by other
maintain memorials in the United
United Statès citizens and organiza-
States and foreign countries where
tions, public or private. It was later
the United States Armed Forces
given responsibility for establishing
have served since April 6, 1917, and
or taking over from the Armed
to control as to design and provide
Forces permanent burial grounds in
21
CAMBRIDGE
BEDFORD
OXFORD
LONDON
BROOKWOOD
OSTEND
DOVER
E
N
G
L
A
N
D
SOUTHAMPTON
WAREGEM
CALAIS
PORTSMOUTH
YPRES
F.
1
KEMMEL
BOULOGNE
B
LILLE
B N GLI S H
CAMBRAI
BONY
SOMME
BELLICO
DIEPPE
AMIENS
ST
QUENTIN
c
CANTIGNY
CHERBOURG
MONTDIDIER
Otse
LE HAVRE
F
R
A
N
STE MERE-EGLISE
UTAH BEACH
ROUEN
ST LAURENT
SOISSO
BAYEUX
NORMANDY
FERE-EN-TARDENOIS
CAEN
ST LO
4
BELLEAU
AISNE-MARNE
NORMANDY
CH
FALAISE
PARIS
SURESNES
ARGENTAN
VERSAILLES
0
AVRANCHES
TOURS
N
MT
ST MICHEL
ST JAMES
BRITTANY
BRITTANY
FOUGERES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
FONTAINEBLEAU
MILES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
RENNES
KILOMETERS
BREST
foreign countries and designing,
on foreign soil; and cooperating with
constructing and maintaining per-
American citizens, states, municipali-
manent cemetery memorials at these
ties, or associations desiring to erect
burial sites; controlling as to design
war memorials outside the continental
and materials, providing regulations
limits of the United States. It is not
for, and supervising erection of all
responsible for construction, main-
monuments, memorials, buildings,
tenance, or operation of cemeteries in
and other structures in permanent
the continental United States or its ter-
United States cemetery memorials
ritories and possessions.
22
THE HAGUE
ARNHEM
Rhine
ROTTERDAM
WORLD WAR I CEMETERIES
Weal
NIJMEGEN
+
WORLD WAR II CEMETERIES
Mags
WORLD WAR I MONUMENTS
NETHERLANDS
WORLD WAR II MONUMENTS
ESSEN
KASSEL
DUISBURG
ANTWERP
G
E
R
M
A
N
Y
COLOGNE
MAASTRICHT
BRUSSELS
MARGRATEN
ELD
AACHEN
NETHERLANDS
DE
BONN
HENRI-CHAPEL
G I U M
LIEGE
EUPEN
VERVIERS
IPRE INEUVILLE-EN-CONDROZ
KOBLENZ
ARDENNES
FRANKFURT-AM-MAIN
MAINZ
LUXEMBOURG
TRIER
LUXEMBOURG
SEDAN
T
MANNHEIM
HEIDELBERG
SAARLAUTERN
ROMAGNE
0
50
100 MILES
SAARBROCKEN
MEUSE-ARGONNE
BERN
SOMMEPY
D
REIMS
LORRAINE
50
100 KILOMETERS
MONTFAUCON
I
SWITZERLAND
VERDUN
METZ
ST AVOLD
SNE
GENEVA
SOUILLY,
ST MIHIEL
THIAUCOURT
LYON
ERRY
CHALONS-SUR
MARNE
ST MIHIEL
MONTSEC
NANCY
GRENOBLE
STRASBOURG
ITALY
Mame
TURIN
Rhank
MONTELIMAR
FRANCE
N
COLMAR
EPINAL
CHAUMONT
RHONE
NICE
DRAGUIGNAN
MARSEILLE
TOULON
/ST RAPHAEL
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
After World War I the American
Armed Forces. In 1934 the World
Battle Monuments Commission
War I oversea cemeteries were trans-
erected a memorial chapel in each of
ferred to the Commission by Execu-
the eight military cemeteries over-
tive Order.
seas already established by the War
The names and locations of these
Department, as well as eleven
World War I cemetery memorials,
monuments and two bronze tablets
the numbers of burials, and the
on the battlefields and elsewhere, to
numbers of Missing recorded at their
record the achievements of our
memorials are:
23
World War I
Burials
Missing
Known
Unknown
Commemorated
Aisne-Marne, Belleau, France
2,039
249
1,060
Brookwood, England
427
41
563
Flanders Field, Waregem, Belgium
347
21
43
Meuse-Argonne, Romagne, France
13,760
486
954
Oise-Aisne, Fere-en-Tardenois, France
5,415
597
241
St. Mihiel, Thiaucourt, France
4,036
117
284
Somme, Bony, France
1,707
137
333
Suresnes (See WW II also), France
1,535
6
974
Totals
29,266
1,654
4,452
World War I monuments erected
cemeteries in Honolulu, Sitka, and
by the Commission are located at or
Puerto Rico (which are now adminis-
near: Audenarde, Belgium; Bel-
tered by the National Cemetery Sys-
licourt, France; Brest, France; Can-
tem, Veterans Administration). As
tigny, France; Chateau-Thierry,
was the case after World War I, some
France; Gibraltar; Kemmel, Belgium;
remains were left in isolated graves
Montfaucon, France; Montsec,
outside of the cemeteries by request
France; Sommepy, France; and
of the families who then became re-
Tours, France. World War I tablets
sponsible for their maintenance.
are at Chaumont and Souilly,
Fourteen sites in foreign countries
France.
were selected as permanent
By the end of World War II several
cemeteries in 1947 by the Secretary
hundred temporary cemeteries had
of the Army and the American Battle
been established by the American
Monuments Commission in concert.
Graves Registration Service of the
Their locations reflect the progress of
United States Army. During the
the military operations and were
years 1947 to 1954 that Service, com-
selected with consideration of their
plying with the expressed wishes of
accessibility, aspect, prospect,
the next of kin, and by authority of
drainage, and other practical factors.
law, repatriated the remains of some
The World War II cemeteries with
172,000 recovered bodies. The re-
numbers of burials, including Un-
mainder were given final interment
knowns, and the numbers of Mis-
in the permanent military cemeteries
sing recorded at their memorials and
on foreign soil, in private cemeteries
at three separate memorials on
overseas, and in the national
United States soil are:
World War II
Burials
Missing
Known
Unknown
Commemorated
Ardennes, Neupre (Neuville-en-Condroz) Belgium
4,536
790
462
Brittany, St. James, France
4,313
97
497
Cambridge, England
3,787
24
5,126
Epinal, France
5,186
69
424
Florence, Italy
4,189
213
1,409
Henri-Chapelle, Belgium
7,895
94
450
Lorraine, St. Avoid, France
10,338
151
444
Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
4,975
101
370
Manila, Republic of the Philippines
13,462
3,744
36,280
Netherlands, Margraten, Netherlands
8,195
106
1,722
Normandy, St. Laurent-sur-Mer, France
9,079
307
1,557
North Africa, Carthage, Tunisia
2,601
240
3,724
Rhone, Draguignan, France
799
62
293
Sicily-Rome, Nettuno, Italy
7,372
490
3,094
24
Suresnes (See WW I also), France
24
East Coast Memorial, New York City, New York
4,596
Honolulu Memorial, Honolulu, Hawaii
18,094
West Coast Memorial, San Francisco, California
413
Totals
86,727
6,512
78,955
World War II cemeteries maintained by the National Cemetery System,
Veterans Administration
Honolulu, Hawaii
11,597
2,079
(See
Honolulu
Memorial)
Puerto Rico
69
Sitka, Alaska
67
5
Other Missing in Action Commemorated by ABMC
Korean War, Honolulu Memorial,
Honolulu, Hawaii
8,195
Vietnam War, Honolulu Memorial,
Honolulu, Hawaii
2,489
In every case, use of the perma-
American Battle Monuments Com-
nent cemetery sites on foreign soil
mission by Presidential Executive
was granted in perpetuity by the
Order. Thereupon the remaining
host government to the United
portions of the architects' designs
States free of cost, rent, and taxa-
were carried out, step by step -
tion. The temporary cemetery sites
grading; installation of a system of
not selected as permanent cemeter-
reinforced concrete beams on piles
ies reverted to the landowners.
to maintain the levels and align-
In 1947, an outstanding American
ments of the headstones; fabrication
architect was selected to design each
and installation of the headstones;
of the World War II cemeteries, con-
construction of water supply and
ceiving its grave plots, a chapel, and
distribution systems, utilities build-
a museum as complementary ele-
ings, roads and paths; plantings;
ments of an integral memorial to the
and erection of the memorials, vis-
services and sacrifices of the Ameri-
itors' buildings, and flagpoles.
can Armed Services who fought in
For design of the various memo-
the particular region. Upon approval
rials, no specific limitations were
of their general schemes by the
imposed upon the architects other
Commission, and by agreement
than budgeted cost and a require-
with the Secretary of the Army, the
ment that each was to embody these
architects' plans of the grave plots
features:
were followed by the American
A small devotional chapel;
Graves Registration Service in mak-
inscription of the names and
ing the permanent burials of those
particulars of the Missing in the
remains which by decision of the
region;
next of kin were to be interred over-
a graphic record, in permanent
seas. The timely cooperation be-
form, of the services of our troops
tween these two agencies contrib-
(WW II only; however, Oise-
uted appreciably to the coherence of
Aisne, Meuse-Argonne and St.
the development of the cemetery de-
Mihiel WW I American Cemeter-
signs.
ies also have battle maps).
Beginning in the latter half of 1949,
These requirements have been in-
the permanent interments having
terpreted in a wide and interesting
been virtually completed, the World
variety of forms.
War II overseas cemeteries were
An important motive for the con-
progressively transferred for con-
struction of the memorials is the im-
struction and maintenance to the
plied undertaking by our Govern-
25
Suresnes American Cemetery, Suresnes, Seine, France
Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial, Cambridge, England
ment to record by monuments the
Against Germany" and "The War
achievements of our Armed Ser-
Against Japan." Each set consists of
vices, since the erection of memo-
three maps, each covering about
rials by the troops (which in the past
one-third of the period of our par-
unfortunately had all too often been
ticipation in the war. By these key-
found to be poorly designed, poorly
maps any major battle may be re-
constructed, and lacking provision
lated to the others in time and space.
for maintenance) was expressly for-
With each architect, an American
bidden by the military services. The
landscape architect, an American
permanent graphic record takes the
sculptor, and an American muralist
form of military maps, usually large
or painter usually collaborated.
murals, amplified by descriptive
Their combined talents produced
texts in English as well as in the lan-
the beauty and dignity of the memo-
guage of the country in which the
rials, all of which are dedicated to the
cemetery is located. The historical
memory of the achievements of
data for these maps were prepared
those who served and of the sac-
by the American Battle Monuments
rifices of those who died. The con-
Commission. The maps themselves
struction of the cemeteries and
were rendered by experienced ar-
memorials, and the execution of
tists in tasteful presentation using
most of the works of art, were per-
various media: layered marbles,
formed by local contractors and ar-
fresco, bronze relief, mosaic con-
tists under the supervision of the
crete or ceramics. Another feature of
Commission.
interest at each memorial is the two
At each cemetery there is a vis-
sets of "key-maps"; "The War
itors' building or room, with com-
27
Brittany American Cemetery and Memorial, St. James, Manche, France
fortable furnishings. Here visitors
Tablets of the Missing (which also
may learn the grave locations (or in-
include the names of those whose
scriptions of the Missing) at any of
remains could not be identified, and
the oversea cemeteries.
those lost and buried at sea) give
Each grave in the oversea
name, rank, organization, and state;
cemeteries is marked by a headstone
the circumstances under which
of white marble-a Star of David for
death occurred usually precluded
those of Jewish faith, a Latin cross
the possibility of determining the
for all others. Each headstone bears
exact date.
the deceased's name, rank, service,
These cemeteries are open every
organization, date of death, and
day of the year. Photography is
state or territory from which he
permitted without special authoriza-
entered the military service.
tion, except when it is to be used for
In the World War I cemeteries,
commercial purposes-in- such
headstones of the Unknowns, i.e.,
cases, permission must be obtained
those remains which could not be
from the Commission.
identified, bear the inscription:
Unlike National cemeteries under
jurisdiction of the Veterans Ad-
HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERI-
ministration, there can be no further
CAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.
burials in the American military
In the World War II cemeteries, the
cemeteries overseas except of those
inscription reads:
remains which may, in the future, be
found on the battlefields. Essen-
HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY A COMRADE
tially, these graves with their memo-
IN ARMS KNOWN BUT TO GOD.
rials constitute inviolable shrines.
28
tt +1 +
++ +
+
Rhone American Cemetery and Memorial, Draguignan, Var, France
29
EARNED
AND
City, upon which their names and
ANDEST OT THE
particulars are inscribed.
ORTAL
WEST COAST MEMORIAL
Similarly, the names and particulars
of those 413 Americans who gave
their lives in the service of their
country off the west coast of the
Americas but outside the territorial
limits of the United States, are re-
corded at the memorial erected by
the Commission at the Presidio of
San Francisco.
HONOLULU MEMORIAL
Although the National Memorial
Cemetery of the Pacific at Honolulu
"Mourning Woman"
is administered by the Veterans
Netherlands American Cemetery
Administration, the American Battle
Monuments Commission con-
In addition to the eight World War
structed a memorial therein, incor-
I cemeteries, the 14 World War II
porating the features of the memo-
cemeteries, 11 World War I monu-
rials in its oversea cemeteries. The
ments and two tablets, the American
names of 18,094 Missing of World
Battle Monuments Commission
War II who gave their lives in the
program of commemoration in-
Pacific areas (except the Southwest
cludes the following:
and the Palau Islands which are
commemorated at the Manila
SURESNES
Cemetery Memorial) are recorded
here as well as 8,195 missing of the
At the Suresnes Cemetery Memo-
Korean War and 2,489 Missing of the
rial, senior representatives of the
Vietnam War.
French and United States Govern-
ments pay homage to our military
POINTE DU HOC MONUMENT
Dead on ceremonial occasions. Ac-
cordingly, 24 Unknown Dead of
Following World War II, the French
World War II were buried in this
erected a monument at Pointe du
World War I cemetery, and two log-
Hoc overlooking the right flank of
gias were added to its chapel by the
Omaha Beach, France honoring the
Commission, thereby converting it
elements of the 2nd Ranger Battalion
into a shrine commemorating our
under the command of LTC James
Dead of both wars.
Rudder who scaled the cliff, seized
the position, and defended it against
EAST COAST MEMORIAL
German counter-attacks at a high
cost of lives. The monument consists
To commemorate those 4,596
of a simple pylon on top of a concrete
Americans who, in or above the
bunker at the edge of the cliff with
waters off the east coast of North and
appropriate inscriptions at its base in
South America, but outside the ter-
French and English. It was officially
ritorial limits of the United States,
turned over to the American gov-
gave their lives in the service of their
ernment for operation and mainte-
country, the Commission erected a
nance in perpetuity on January 11,
memorial in Battery Park, New York
1979.
30
Honolulu Memorial (WW II & Korea) National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific,
Honolulu, Hawaii
UTAH BEACH MONUMENT
about 2 miles west of the cathedral
and about one mile north of the U.S.
The site of the Utah Beach Monu-
ment is at the termination of High-
Embassy. This cemetery was estab-
lished in 1851 and contains a small
way N-13D, approximately 3
kilometers northeast of Ste-Marie-
monument over the grave of 750 of
our unidentified Dead of the War of
du-Mont (Manche), France. This
1847. In this one acre area there are
monument commemorates the
813 remains of Americans and others
achievements of the American
in wall crypts. Care of the cemetery
Forces of the VII Corps who fought
in the liberation of the Cotentin
was transferred from the Depart-
ment of the Army to this Commis-
Peninsula from 6 June to 1 July 1944.
It consists of a red granite obelisk
sion on July 16, 1947. This cemetery
was closed to burials in 1923.
surrounded by a small, developed
park overlooking the historic sand
dunes of Utah Beach, one of the two
COROZAL AMERICAN
American landing beaches during
CEMETERY, COROZAL,
the Normandy Invasion of June
REPUBLIC OF PANAMA
1944. The site of the monument,
which was under construction at the
The Corozal American Cemetery is
time of publication, is located in the
located approximately three miles
open grassy area in the foreground
north of Panama City, just off Gail-
of the photograph.
lard Highway between the Corozal
Railroad Station and Fort Clayton.
MEXICO CITY
To reach the cemetery, follow Gail-
NATIONAL CEMETERY
lard Highway north from Panama
City, turn right on Rybicki Road, and
The Mexico City National Cemetery
proceed about one-half mile to the
is at 31 Calzada Melchor Ocampo,
cemetery. Taxi and bus service to the
31
BERN
SWITZERLAND
S
AUSTRIA
GRAZ
HUNGARY
L
P
GENEVAL
KLAGENFURT
BOLZANO
LYON
GRENOBLE
MILAN
TURIN
VENICE
TRIESTE
MONTELIMAR
FRANCE
YUGOSLAVIA
GENOA
Do
00
RHONE NICE
DRAGUIGNAN
MARSEILLE
PISA
Amo
ST RAPHAEL
as
@TOULON
LEGHORN
T
LORENCE
0
SIENA
N
ELEA
CORSICA
I
T
A
L1 Y
ROME
SICILY-ROME
T
ANZIO
NETTUNO
FOGGIA
BARB
NAPLES
SALERNO
SARDINIA
o
M
E
D
I
PALERMO
MESSINA
SICILY
T
WORLD WAR If CEMSTERIES
CIBRALTAR
NORTH AFRICA
CARTHAGE
WORLD WAR I MONUMENTS
TUNIS
ALGERIA
0
50
100
150
200 MILES
TUNISIA
0
50
100
150
200
KILOMETERS
MALTA
cemetery are available from Panama
Missing with natural cut flowers
City. There are 4,795 identified
only is permitted. The Commission
"Known" Dead interred here. In
is always ready to help arrange with
agreement with the Republic of
local florists in foreign countries for
Panama, care and maintenance of
placement of such decorations. Re-
the cemetery in perpetuity was as-
quests should be mailed so as to ar-
sumed by the Commission on Oc-
rive at the appropriate Commission
tober 1, 1979.
office at least thirty days before the
date of decoration and should be ac-
FLORAL DECORATIONS
companied by check or U.S. Postal
In the oversea cemeteries, the deco-
Money Order in dollars. Deposits
ration of graves or the Tablets of the
may be made for a single decoration
32
on a particular day-birthday,
or the section of the Tablets of the
Memorial Day, Christmas Day, for
Missing where the individual's
example-or for several decorations
name appears. For the Honolulu,
on particular dates within a year or
East Coast and West Coast Memo-
over a period of years. Checks
rials, the Commission will supply a
should be made payable to "ABMC
lithographed picture of the memo-
Flower Fund," money orders to
rial itself and a black and white
"The American Battle Monuments
photograph of the appropriate sec-
Commission." Requests should be
tion of the list of the Missing. Photo-
addressed to the Commission's
graphs of graves in the National
European office, except in the case of
Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (in
Florence, Sicily-Rome, and North
Honolulu) are not available through
Africa cemeteries, where the
the Commission.
Mediterranean office is responsible
Requests for photographs and
and Manila cemetery, where the
lithographs should be addressed to
Philippine office is responsible.
the Commission's Washington Of-
Orders for flowers for all
fice.
cemeteries may also be placed
through any local florist who is a
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
member of the "Florists Telegraph
Further information regarding
Delivery Association." In such
cemeteries and memorials may be
cases, the name of the deceased, his
obtained at the Commission's offices
rank, service number, name of the
in Washington, Garches (near
cemetery, country in which located,
Paris), Rome, or Manila. Visitors
and the location by plot, row, and
passing through these cities are in-
grave should be provided, if known.
vited to call. The Commission's rep-
resentatives there may be of assist-
PHOTOGRAPHS
ance in verifying travel routes and
The Commission will furnish close
schedules and also in furnishing in-
relatives of the Dead buried or com-
formation concerning overnight ac-
memorated in the World War I and II
commodations. These offices are not
cemetery memorials overseas with a
open on Saturdays, Sundays, or
color lithograph of the cemetery to-
holidays, but essential information
gether with a black and white
may be obtained overseas through
photograph of the particular grave
our Embassy telephone operators.
SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC
AVAILABLE THROUGH
THE AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION
Name, location, and general information concerning the cemetery or
memorial; plot, row, and grave number if appropriate; best routes and
modes of travel in-country to the cemetery or memorial; general infor-
mation about the accommodations that may be available in the vicinity;
escort service within the cemetery memorial for relatives; letters au-
thorizing fee-free passports for members of the immediate family
traveling overseas to visit a grave or memorial site; black and white
photographs of headstones and sections of the Tablets of the Missing
on which the servicemen's names are engraved; large color lithographs
of World War I and II cemeteries and memorials to which the appro-
priate headstone or section of the Tablets of the Missing photographs
are affixed; and arrangements for floral decoration of grave and memo-
rial sites.
33
ODV
538 HERE
THE AMERICAN
BATTLE MONUMENTS
COMMISSION
ESTABLISHED BY CONGRESS MARCH 1923
Membership
(Vacant)
Armistead J. Maupin
Chairman
Francis J. Bagnell
John C. McDonald
Kitty D. Bradley
Freda J. Poundstone
Audrey O. Cookman
Edwin Bliss Wheeler
Rexford C. Early
Lawrence A. Wright
William E. Hickey
A. J. Adams, Secretary
UNITED STATES OFFICE
MEDITERRANEAN OFFICE
Casimir Pulaski Building
Street Address:
20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
American Embassy
Washington, D.C. 20314
Via Veneto 119a
Telephone: (202) 272-0533
Rome, Italy
272-0532
Mailing Address:
APO New York 09794
Telephone: 4674, Ext. 156
475-0157
Telegrams: ABMC AMEMBASSY
EUROPEAN OFFICE
Rome, Italy
Street Address:
PHILIPPINE OFFICE
68, rue du 19 Janvier
92 - Garches, France
Street Address
Mailing Address:
American Military Cemetery
APO New York 09777
Manila, R.P.
Telephone: 701-1976
Mailing Address:
Telegrams: ABMC
APO San Francisco 96528
AMEMBASSY
Telephone: Manila 88-02-12
Paris, France
Telegrams: AMBAMCOM,
Manila, R.P.
35
Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery, Romagne, France
Sirily-Rome American Cemetery
and Memorial
The American Battle Monuments Commission
1984
Chapel Interior
COUNTRY AND WHO SLEEP IN UNKNOWN GRAVES.
WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE OF THEIR
HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF AMERICANS
SAVIS 3 dilive 1 O
OREVEL m E C
77
Hi AFF
SWI
STATE
Steily-Rome
LEGHORN
ROME
NO
0
5
10
15
20
25 MILES
American
NO
0
5
10
15
20
25
KILOMETERS
Tiber
NO
NOT
AUTOSTRADA
Cemetery
LIDO DIROMA
ALBANO
NO
N
VELLETRI
NO 148
NO
AUTOSTRADA
TYRRHENIAN
148
FROSINONE
and
CISTERNA di LATINA
APRILIA
NO
à
SEA
SICILY-ROME
MONTELLO
NO
156
Memorial
156
NETTUNO
FAITI
ANZIO
LATINA
TNAPLES
LOCATION
Nuova/route No. 7. About 8 miles
The Sicily-Rome American Ceme-
from the Piazza di San Giovanni,
tery and Memorial is situated just
after passing Ciampino airport, turn
east of Anzio at the north edge of the
right on route No. 207 at the Sicily-
town of Nettuno, 38 miles/60 kilom-
Rome American Cemetery sign and
eters south of Rome.
follow it past Aprilia to Anzio, Net-
There is hourly train service be-
tuno and the cemetery.
tween Rome and Nettuno. Travel
(2) At Piazza di San Giovanni,
one way by rail takes a little over one
bear right on the Via dell' Amba
hour. The cemetery is located one
Aradam to Via delle Terme di
mile north of the Nettuno railroad
Caracalla, pass through the old
station, from which taxi service is
Roman wall along Viale Cristoforo
available.
Colombo and through the Exposi-
To travel to the cemetery from
tion grounds (EUR), immediately
Rome by automobile, the following
beyond which is the first of the direc-
two routes are recommended:
tional signs to the cemetery. Con-
(1) At Piazza di San Giovanni,
tinue on Via Pontina/route No. 148 to
bear left and pass through the old
overpass near Aprilia, thence take
Roman wall to the Via Appia
route No. 207/Via Nettunense.
Main Entrance to Cemetery
3
Aerial View of the Cemetery
Adequate hotel accommodations
campaign, Allied forces landed in
may be found in Anzio, Nettuno and
strength on the southern and east-
Rome.
ern shores of the island of Sicily.
Despite vigorous resistance by the
HOURS
enemy, infantry and airborne troops
The cemetery is open daily to the
of the U.S. Seventh Army thrust in-
public as follows:
land under cover of gunfire from the
SUMMER (15 May - 15 September)
Western Naval Task Force. Five days
8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. - weekdays
later, the Allied beachheads were
9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. - Saturdays,
joined and a continuous line estab-
Sundays, and holidays
lished. While the British Eighth
WINTER (16 September - 14 May)
Army on the right was advancing
8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. - weekdays
northeast toward Mount Etna
9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. - Saturdays,
against stiff resistance, the U.S.
Sundays, and holidays
Seventh Army was driving rapidly
During these hours, a staff
to the northwest. Advancing 100
member is on duty in the Visitors'
miles in four days, the Seventh Army
Building to answer questions and
occupied the port city of Palermo
escort relatives to grave and memo-
and then swung toward Messina in
rial sites, except between noon and
the northeast.
3:00 p.m. on weekends and holi-
With air cover and support from
days.
the U. S. Twelfth Air Force, the
Seventh and Eighth Armies drove
HISTORY
across the difficult mountainous ter-
On 10 July 1943, just two months
rain of Sicily to seize Messina on 17
after the victorious North African
August. In just 39 days, the entire
4
FEET
RESERVOIR
0
100
200
300
400
500
N
Fosse dei Tinozzi
SERVICE AREA
NORTH GARDEN
H
I
MEMORIAL
8
Parking
VIALE DELLA RIMEMBRAM
SOUTH GARDEN
VISITORS
BUILDING
Entrance
G
E
C
A
POOL
NETTUNO
Location of Cemetery Features
island was overrun and the Sicilian
combined with artillery, naval gun-
campaign concluded. This resound-
fire and air support halted the
ing victory by the Allies caused the
enemy assault. Realizing that it
Italian government to break with the
could not dislodge the Fifth Army
Axis and sue for peace.
and fearful of not being in good de-
In order to maintain contact with
fensive positions when the Eighth
the withdrawing enemy forces,
Army arrived in the area from Mes-
troops of the British Eighth Army
sina and Taranto, the enemy with-
crossed the Straits of Messina to the
drew to the north as the two Allied
mainland. Six days later, at 0330
armies joined forces at Vallo. With
hours on 9 September, the major
air support from the U.S. Twelfth
amphibious assault was launched on
Air Force, the Fifth Army seized
the Italian mainland over the
Naples on 1 October as the Eighth
beaches of Salerno by American and
Army on its right captured the air-
British troops of the U.S. Fifth
fields near Foggia. A major Allied
Army. That same day, a British fleet
objective of the landings on the Ital-
landed troops at Taranto to seize the
ian mainland was thus accom-
major port there and divert some
plished, obtainment of air bases
enemy reserves from the main land-
from which the U.S. Fifteenth Air
ing. Four days later, elements of two
Force could conduct strategic bom-
Panzer Corps mounted a powerful
bardment of Austria, the Balkans
counterattack against Allied troops
and Germany. Together with the
at Salerno threatening existence of
U.S. Eighth Air Force operating
the entire beachhead. After three
from England, it carried out numer-
days of bitter fighting, stubborn re-
ous massive aerial attacks to destroy
sistance by the Allied ground forces
critical industrial targets and defeat
5
Graves area with Memorial in Background
the German Air Force.
Monte Majo causing the enemy to
Continuing its advance north-
commit its last reserves there. Soon
ward, the U. S. Fifth Army crossed
the Allies were penetrating all along
the Volturno River in mid-October
the line. Two weeks later the VI
and attacked toward the Liri River
Corps broke out of the beachhead,
Valley, which was considered the
and on 4 June 1944, the Allies
"gateway to Rome." Increasing re-
entered Rome. For the first time
sistance by the enemy, adverse
since the landings at Salerno in Sep-
weather conditions and mountain-
tember 1943, the enemy was in full
ous terrain combined to slow the
retreat.
Fifth Army advance. In November
and December, the Fifth Army
fought its way across the rugged ter-
SITE
rain in bitterly cold weather as on its
The site, 77 acres in extent, lay in the
right the Eighth Army crossed the
zone of advance of the U.S. 3d Infan-
Sangro River. The two Allied armies
try Division. A temporary wartime
continued the breaching of the
cemetery was established there on
enemy's Winter Line south of Cas-
24 January 1944, two days after the
sino, reaching the Garigliano and
U.S. VI Corps landing on the
the Rapido Rivers in January 1944,
beaches of Anzio.
where the advance ground to a halt
After World War II, when the
at the strongly fortified Gustav Line.
temporary cemeteries were disestab-
To break the stalemate, an am-
lished by the Army, the remains of
phibious operation was planned at
American military Dead whose
Anzio 40 miles south of Rome to out-
next-of-kin requested permanent
flank the Gustav Line and cut off the
interment overseas were moved to
enemy from the rear. A Fifth Army
one of the fourteen permanent sites
attack continued to meet stubborn
on foreign soil, usually the one
resistance in the heavily fortified
which was closest to the temporary
Cassino area and failed to breach the
cemetery. There they were rein-
Gustav Line. However, it was suc-
terred by the American Graves Reg-
cessful in drawing enemy reserves
istration Service in the distinctive
away from the landing beaches.
grave patterns proposed by the
The amphibious landings on 22
cemetery's architect and approved
January 1944 by American and
by the Commission. Design and
British troops of the VI Corps at
construction of all structures and
Anzio came as a surprise to the
facilities at the permanent sites as
enemy. He, nevertheless, reacted
well as the sculpture, landscaping
forcefully and within a few days had
and other improvements were the
brought reinforcements from north-
responsibility of the Commission.
ern Italy, France, Germany and
Many of the Dead interred or
Yugoslavia. Three major counter-
commemorated here gave their lives
attacks were hurled against the VI
in the liberation of Sicily (10 July to
Corps beachhead only to be stopped
17 August 1943); in the landings in
by a magnificent ground defense
the Salerno area (9 September 1943)
supported by tanks, artillery, air-
and in the subsequent heavy fight-
planes and naval gunfire.
ing northward; in the landings at
The final assault on the well en-
and occupation of the Anzio
trenched enemy at the Gustav Line
beachhead (22 January 1944 to May
began on 11 May 1944. An aggres-
1944); and in the air and naval
sive attack by French troops of the
operations in these regions.
Fifth Army successfully penetrated
The permanent cemetery and
the Gustav Line in its area capturing
memorial were completed in 1956.
7
ARCHITECTS
drawn directly from city mains
which pass the cemetery on the
Architects for the cemetery and
west. Along the outside of the ser-
memorial were Gugler, Kimball &
vice road to the rear of the memorial
Husted of New York City; the land-
stand cedars of Lebanon, Monterey
scape architect was Ralph Griswold
cypress and oleanders. At the top of
of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
the hill, the road turns left passing
additional parking spaces and the
GENERAL LAYOUT
rear entrance to the memorial. From
The main entrance to the cemetery is
the rear of the memorial, the road
on the west side of Via della Rimem-
passes to the left around the west
branza, 200 yards from the north
end of the graves area and returns to
edge of the town of Nettuno. Entry is
the entrance gate. Among the plant-
through ornate bronze gates sur-
ings beyond the road to the south of
mounted by the United States seal.
the graves area, Italian cypress,
The cemetery is generally trapezoi-
eucalyptus and oleanders predomi-
dal in shape with the small end of the
nate.
trapezoid near the entrance. Just in-
THE MEMORIAL
side the entrance on the right is the
Visitors' Building and a limited
The memorial consists of a chapel,
number of parking spaces. Beyond
museum and connecting peristyle
the gate directly to the front is a large
constructed largely of Roman traver-
elliptical reflecting pool (82 yards by
tine quarried near Tivoli, a few miles
66 yards) with a stone cenotaph of
east of Rome.
bronze-colored travertine in the
Flanking the entrance to the peri-
shape of a sarcophagus on a small
style are two flagstaffs 80 feet high.
island in its center. Several Italian
The peristyle contains massive col-
cypress trees flank the cenotaph on
umns of travertine and of Rosso
either side. Extending from the re-
Levanto marble from the vicinity of
flecting pool through the graves area
Rapallo, near Genoa. Prominently
to the large memorial on the west is a
positioned in the peristyle on a
wide grassy mall lined with ever-
pedestal of bronze-colored traver-
green holly oak trees and a hedge of
tine is the "Brothers in Arms"
pittosporum tobira. The memorial
sculpture by Paul Manship of New
consists of a chapel and museum
York, symbolizing an American sol-
connected by a peristyle and two
dier and sailor standing side by side
gardens. American flags fly daily
with an arm around each other's
from flagpoles located on each side
shoulder. The sculpture of bronze
of the memorial.
was cast at the Battaglia Foundry in
The service road which encircles
Milan. A single tall Roman pine tree
the graves area proceeds from the
shades it.
entrance gate past the Visitors'
On the east facade of the chapel is
Building and parking area on the
a sculptured panel in relief of white
right at which point it curves to the
Carrara marble symbolizing' "Re-
left parallel to the graves area. The
membrance." It portrays an angel
service area is located on the right
bestowing a laurel wreath upon the
just past the curve. A little further on
graves of those who gave their lives
the right are the pumphouse and
for their Country.
power stations. Here water from the
On the east facade of the museum
Fosso dei Tinozzi is directed into
is a panel symbolizing "Resurrec-
open reservoirs from which it is
tion.' It portrays a dead soldier
pumped into the high pressure
being borne to his reward by a
sprinkler system. Potable water is
guardian angel. Both panels were'
8
designed by Paul Manship and
The interior chapel walls of white
carved by Pietro Bibolotti of Pietra-
Carrara marble are engraved with
santa.
the name, rank, organization and
South of the memorial, adjacent to
State of entry into military service of
the chapel, is an informal garden
3,094 Missing in the region:
lined on each side with connecting
United States Army and Army
semi-circular planters containing
Air Forces¹
2,031
beds of annual flowers. Panicled
United States Navy
1,063
goldenrain trees and pink crepe
These servicemen and women,
myrtle border the planters. At the far
who died in the service of their
end of the garden is a bronze statue
of the legendary Thracian poet and
Country, were Missing in Action or
musician Orpheus circumscribed by
were lost or buried at sea. They rep-
an armillary sphere with a sun dial.
resent every State in the Union and
the District of Columbia.
North of the memorial, adjacent to
the museum, is a more formal gar-
Over the Apse is engraved:
den planted in parterre arrange-
HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF
ments with beds of polyantha roses,
AMERICANS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN
geraniums, white oleanders, purple
THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY AND
bougainvillea and other flowers.
WHO SLEEP IN UNKNOWN GRAVES.
At the far end of the garden is a
An Italian translation is engraved
Baveno granite fountain consisting
over the door.
of a large semi-circular bowl on a
On the altar of golden Broccatello
wide pedestal. It was carved from a
Siena marble is a triptych of Ser-
single piece of granite quarried near
ravezzo white marble from the Car-
the north end of Lake Maggiore.
rara region designed by Paul Man-
Cascades of water flow from the
ship. Carved in relief on the side
bowl into a low basin.
"During World War II, the Air Forces were
CHAPEL
part of the United States Army.
On each side of the bronze door to
the chapel (cast by the Marinelli
Foundries of Florence) is the dedica-
tory inscription in English and Ital-
ian:
1941-1945 * * IN PROUD REMEMBRANCE
OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF HER SONS
AND IN HUMBLE TRIBUTE TO THEIR
SACRIFICES THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN
ERECTED BY THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA.
INTERIOR
The chapel contains no windows.
When light in addition to the artifi-
cial lighting is needed, two huge
panels on the west wall, set in
bronze and steel frames, can be
swung open.
The floor of the chapel is of Rosso
Levanto marble; the pews are of
"Brothers in Arms" Statue,
walnut.
Peristyle of the Memorial
9
panels of the triptych are angels
planets Mars, Jupiter and Saturn oc-
holding palm branches. The left
cupy the same relative positions that
panel bears this quotation from the
they occupied at 0200 hours on
Eighth Psalm (3-5) with reference to
22 January 1944, the historic mo-
the sculptured ceiling dome:
ment when the first American and
WHEN I CONSIDER THY HEAVENS, THE
British troops landed on the beaches
WORKS OF THY FINGERS, THE MOON
of Anzio. The more important stars
AND THE STARS, WHICH THOU HAST
in each constellation are shown as
ORDAINED: WHAT IS MAN, THAT THOU
points of light on the celestial dome.
ART MINDFUL OF HIM? AND THE SON OF
Inscribed around the base of the
dome is this text:
MAN, THAT THOU VISITEST HIM? FOR
THOU HAST MADE HIM A LITTLE LOWER
O YE STARS OF HEAVEN BLESS YE THE
THAN THE ANGELS, AND HAS
LORD PRAISE HIM AND MAGNIFY HIM
CROWNED HIM WITH GLORY AND
FOREVER.
HONOR.
A brief explanation of the dome is
The right panel bears this text
cast into the bronze cover of the large
from T. T. Higham's translation of
switchbox just inside the door of the
"The Greek Dead at Thermopylae"
chapel.
by Simonides:
NOBLY THEY ENDED, HIGH THEIR DES-
THE MUSEUM ROOM
TINATION * * BENEATH AN ALTAR LAID,
NO MORE A TOMB, WHERE NONE WITH
The museum room is entered
PITY COMES OR LAMENTATIONS BUT
through bronze gates cast by the
PRAISE AND MEMORY, A SPLENDOR OF
Marinelli Foundries, which also cast
OBLATION
*
*
WHO LEFT BEHIND A
the ornamental light fixtures in the
GEM-LIKE HERITAGE OF COURAGE AND
memorial.
RENOWN, A NAME THAT SHALL GO
An octagonal table of bronze-
DOWN FROM AGE TO AGE.
colored travertine, into which is set a
Carved in relief on the center
circular relief map of Italy at
panel, flying against a background
1:500,000 scale, occupies the center
of clouds is the Archangel Michael
of the room. The map is of bronze
sheathing his sword while four
inset with marble mosaic tile in vari-
archangels below him proclaim the
ous shades of blue depicting the sea
Victory. Beneath them is the univer-
areas. It was fabricated by Bruno Be-
sal prayer: "PEACE ON EARTH GOOD
arzi from information supplied by
WILL AMONG MEN."
the American Battle Monuments
On the reverse of the center panel
Commission and shows in general
is carved the Angel of Peace. A cross
outline the American military
in metal filigree stands before the
operations in Sicily and Italy during
triptych on the altar.
the period 1943-45.
Engraved on the left or east end of
The maps on the east and west
the altar is a cross; engraved on the
walls were designed by Carlo Ciam-
right end are the Tablets of Moses,
paglia of Middle Valley, New Jersey
and executed in true fresco by
THE CEILING
Leonetto Tintori of Florence. This
The ceiling dome sculpture, 22 feet
procedure involves the mixing of
in diameter, was designed by
pigments with the plaster as it is
Gugler, Kimball & Husted and exe-
applied to the wall. This disappear-
cuted by Paul Manship and by Bruno
ing art was used widely in the Mid-
Bearzi of Florence. The medieval
dle Ages in the production of many
signs of the Zodiac in high-relief rep-
murals which have lasted through
resent the constellations. The
the ensuing centuries.
10
11
South Garden of the Memorial
12
North Garden of the Memorial
"Remembrance"
"Resurrection"
13
VE
R
AMERICANS
GRAVES
HERE
ARE
COUNTRY
AND
Altar, Triptych and Tablets of the Missing
On the west wall are three maps-
3. ATTACKING NORTH AND SOUTH
"The Capture of Sicily," "The
OF MOUNT ETNA, THE SEVENTH AND
Strategic Air Assaults" and "The
EIGHTH ARMIES DROVE FORWARD
Naples-Foggia Campaign." To aid in
OVER THE DIFFICULT MOUNTAIN TER-
understanding them, the maps bear
RAIN. IN ORDER TO OUTFLANK THE
these inscriptions:
ENEMY DEFENSES THE ALLIES MADE
THE CAPTURE OF SICILY
SEVERAL AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULTS
ALONG THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN
ON 10 JULY 1943, UNDER COVER OF AIR
COASTS.
AND NAVAL BOMBARDMENT, AMERI-
CAN AND BRITISH FORCES LANDED ON
4. WITH THE OCCUPATION OF MES-
THE SOUTH AND EAST SHORES OF SIC-
SINA ON 17 AUGUST THE CAMPAIGN
ILY.
ENDED. IN 39 DAYS THE ALLIES HAD EX-
PELLED THE ENEMY FROM THE ISLAND,
1. AIDED BY GUNFIRE OF THE WEST-
PRECIPITATING A POLITICAL DISASTER
ERN NAVAL TASK FORCE AND COVERED
FOR THE AXIS. ON 8 SEPTEMBER THE
BY AIRCRAFT OF THE TWELFTH AIR
ITALIAN GOVERNMENT, RENOUNCING
FORCE, THE U. S. SEVENTH ARMY AD-
FASCIST GUIDANCE, ASKED FOR PEACE
VANCED RAPIDLY INLAND, REACHING
TERMS.
THE CENTER OF THE ISLAND IN TEN
DAYS. ON 22 JULY U. S. FORCES OC-
THE STRATEGIC AIR ASSAULTS
CUPIED PALERMO AND ITS PORT.
MAJOR OBJECTIVES IN ITALY INCLUDED
2. FARTHER TO THE EAST, THE
THE AIR BASES IN THE NAPLES-FOGGIA
BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY, ATTACKING
AREA.
NORTHWARD TOWARD MOUNT ETNA,
1. FROM BASES IN THE NAPLES-
ENCOUNTERED STIFF RESISTANCE
FOGGIA AREA THE U. S. FIFTEENTH AIR
WHICH SLOWED ITS PROGRESS. THE
FORCE LAUNCHED ITS BOMBARDMENT
U. S. SEVENTH ARMY, TO RELIEVE THE
OF AUSTRIA, THE BALKANS, AND GER-
PRESSURE, PROMPTLY FACED TO THE
MANY. IN COLLABORATION WITH THE
NORTHEAST AND ADVANCED TOWARD
DESERT AIR FORCE AND THE ALLIED AIR
MESSINA.
FLEETS ALREADY OPERATING FROM
14
ENGLAND, OUR BOMBERS AND FIGHT-
THE ALLIES NEXT UNDERTOOK TO
ERS ATTACKED INCESSANTLY. THEIR
ENTER THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE.
OBJECTIVES WERE THE DEFEAT OF THE
1. THE ASSAULT ON THE SALERNO
GERMAN AIR FORCE AND THE
BEACHES WAS LAUNCHED ON 9 SEP-
PROGRESSIVE DISLOCATION AND DE-
TEMBER 1943. AT 0330 HOURS ALLIED
STRUCTION OF THE ENEMY'S MILITARY
TROOPS OF THE U.S. FIFTH ARMY
AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS.
LANDED FROM SHIPS OF THE NORTH-
2. THE FIFTEENTH AIR FORCE AT-
ERN AND SOUTHERN NAVAL ATTACK
TACKED AIRCRAFT FACTORIES IN REG-
FORCES. OVERCOMING THE DEFENSES
ENSBURG AND BUDAPEST, OIL RE-
THE ALLIES FOUGHT THEIR WAY IN-
FINERIES AT PLOESTI AND BRASOV,
LAND. AT VALLO THEY JOINED WITH
ENEMY AIRFIELDS AND LINES OF COM-
THE BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY WHICH HAD
MUNICATION IN NORTHERN ITALY,
CROSSED FROM SICILY ON 3 SEPTEM-
AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CEN-
BER.
TERING IN MUNICH, VIENNA AND
BUDAPEST. ITS AIRCRAFT REACHED AS
2. WITH THE COOPERATION OF
FAR AS BERLIN ITSELF. WHILE THE
FIGHTERS AND BOMBERS OF THE
GROUND FORCES ADVANCED NORTH-
TWELFTH AIR FORCE, THE FIFTH ARMY
WARD, THE BOMBER OFFENSIVE PUR-
MADE STEADY PROGRESS WHILE THE
SUED WITH EVER-INCREASING INTEN-
BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY ADVANCED ON
SITY THE DESTRUCTION OF STRATEGIC
ITS RIGHT. BY 1 OCTOBER NAPLES AND
MILITARY AND INDUSTRIAL TARGETS.
THE FOGGIA AIRFIELDS HAD BEEN
SEIZED. FIVE DAYS LATER THE FIFTH
THE NAPLES-FOGGIA CAMPAIGN
ARMY REACHED THE VOLTURNO RIVER,
FOLLOWING THEIR VICTORY IN SICILY,
WHICH IT CROSSED IN MID-OCTOBER
West Wall of the Museum Room
15
AND ADVANCED TOWARD THE LIRI
LESS, WAS IMMEDIATE AND EFFECTIVE.
RIVER VALLEY. IN NOVEMBER, MOUN-
REINFORCEMENTS RUSHED TO THE
TAINOUS TERRAIN, INCREASED RESIST-
AREA FROM NORTHERN ITALY,
ANCE AND BAD WEATHER SLOWED THE
FRANCE, YUGOSLAVIA AND GERMANY
ALLIED DRIVE. A HALT WAS CALLED ON
PROMPTLY HALTED THE ALLIED AD-
15 NOVEMBER TO CONSOLIDATE POSI-
VANCE. DURING FEBRUARY, THE GER-
TIONS.
MANS HURLED THREE MAJOR COUN-
3. RESUMING ITS ATTACKS IN DE-
TERATTACKS AGAINST THE BEACH-
CEMBER AND JANUARY, THE FIFTH
HEAD. THEY REGAINED SOME GROUND
ARMY SLOWLY BATTERED ITS WAY
BUT THE ALLIED TROOPS, WITH THE AID
THROUGH THE WINTER LINE. STRUG-
OF THE TWELFTH AIR FORCE AND CON-
GLING FORWARD AGAINST DETER-
CENTRATED NAVAL SUPPORT, CLUNG
MINED OPPOSITION, ACROSS RUGGED
TO THEIR PRECARIOUS FOOTHOLD
TERRAIN IN BITTERLY COLD WEATHER,
DOMINATED BY THE GERMAN POSI-
OUR TROOPS EVENTUALLY REACHED
TIONS ON THE ALBAN HILLS.
THE GARIGLIANO AND RAPIDO RIVERS.
2. IN THE SOUTH, THE FIFTH ARMY
HERE IN FRONT OF THE STRONGLY FOR-
ATTACKED THE GUSTAV LINE ON 17
TIFIED GUSTAV LINE THE ATTACK WAS
JANUARY 1944. THIS ASSAULT, DE-
STOPPED, TO BE RENEWED IN COORDI-
SIGNED TO ASSIST THE ANZIO-
NATION WITH THE LANDINGS SOON TO
NETTUNO LANDINGS, MET WITH LITTLE
BE MADE AT ANZIO.
SUCCESS AGAINST THE FORMIDABLE
Beneath the maps are two sets of
DEFENSES OF THE CASSINO AREA. WELL
key maps, "The War Against Ger-
ENTRENCHED, THE ENEMY WITHSTOOD
many" and "The War Against Ja-
HEAVY ARTILLERY FIRE AND THE AS-
pan.'
SAULTS OF THE TWELFTH AND FIF-
On the east wall is one large map,
TEENTH AIR FORCE.
"The Landing at Anzio and the Cap-
3. FROM MARCH TO MAY 1944 THE
ture of Rome." This map portrays
ALLIES MAINTAINED THEIR CONSTANT
the landings in the vicinity of Anzio,
PRESSURE ON THE ENEMY WHILE BUILD-
the establishment of the Anzio
ING UP THEIR STRENGTH FOR A NEW
beachhead, the subsequent fighting
OFFENSIVE. ON 11 MAY, THE FIFTH
therein, and the final breach of the
ARMY ATTACKED AND BREACHED THE
Gustav line on 11 May 1944 by
GUSTAV LINE. TWO WEEKS LATER THE
American and Allied forces who,
FORCES IN THE BEACHHEAD BROKE OUT
advancing swiftly northwards,
AND JOINED THE ADVANCE. ON 4 JUNE,
joined hands with the troops who
THE ALLIES ENTERED ROME.
were breaking out of the beachhead
to liberate Rome on 4 June 1944.
GRAVES AREA
It is accompanied by the following
explanatory text:
The graves area contains ten grave
plots lettered from "A" to "J", five
THE LANDING AT ANZIO AND
on each side of a central mall. Plots
THE CAPTURE OF ROME
A, C, E, G, and I are on the left
DELAYED IN THEIR ADVANCE TOWARD
(south) side of the mall and B, D, F,
ROME AT THE GUSTAV LINE, THE ALLIES
H and J on the right (north). Each
ATTEMPTED TO OUTFLANK IT FROM THE
grave plot is enclosed by a pitto-
SEAWARD SIDE. AT 0200 HOURS ON 22
sporum hedge; the paths of grass be-
JANUARY 1944, AN ALLIED AMPHIBIOUS
tween the plots are lined with
TASK FORCE LANDED THE U. S VI
Roman pines. Here are interred
CORPS AT ANZIO AND NETTUNO.
7,862 of our military Dead under
1. THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH
7,860 headstones arranged in gentle
LANDINGS CAME AS A SURPRISE TO THE
arcs which sweep across the broad
ENEMY WHOSE REACTION, NEVERTHE-
green lawns. They represent 35 per-
16
cent of the burials which were origi-
selves. Whenever the cemetery is
nally made in Sicily and southern
open to the public, a staff member is
Italy. Each grave is marked with a
on duty in the building to answer
white marble headstone, a Star of
questions and to escort relatives to
David for those of the Jewish faith -
grave and memorialization sites (ex-
a latin cross for others. Of the
cept between the hours of noon and
graves, 488 contain the remains of
3:00 p.m. on weekends and holi-
490 Unknowns that could not be
days). He is always happy to provide
identified.
information on specific burial and
These Dead, who gave their lives
memorialization locations in any of
in their Country's service, came
the Commission's cemeteries, ac-
from all fifty states and the District of
commodations in the vicinity, best
Columbia. A small number also
means and routes of travel, local his-
came from Canada, England, Scot-
tory and other items that may be of
land, Eire, Finland, Sweden and
interest.
Spain. In twenty-one instances, two
brothers lie buried side by side.
PLANTINGS
VISITORS BUILDING
The entrance road to the cemetery is
lined with a neatly trimmed hedge of
Just inside the entrance on the right
pittosporum tobira.
is the Visitors' Building. It contains
Just inside the cemetery gates,
the superintendent's office, toilet
straight ahead is a large elliptical re-
facilities, and a comfortably fur-
flecting pool with a small island at its
nished room where visitors may
center. Several Italian cypress trees
rest, obtain information, sign the
(cupressus sempervirens pyramida-
register and pause to refresh them-
lis) and glossy abelia flank the stone
THE
East Wall of the Museum Room
17
cenotaph on the island. Water lilies
memorial contains planters filled
float in the pool. Evergreen holly oak
with annual flowers and surrounded
trees (quercus ilex) and a hedge of
by panicled goldenrain trees (koet-
pittosporum tobira line the wide
reuteria paniculata) and pink crepe
grassy mall through the graves area
myrtle (lagerstroemia indica rosea).
from the reflecting pool to the
Gazanca Varicolor compliments the
memorial. Each grave plot is en-
Orpheus statue. The more formal
framed by a hedge of pittosporum
garden north of the memorial is
tobira and the grassy paths between
planted with beds of polyantha
the plots are lined with Roman pines
roses, geraniums, white oleander,
(pinus pinea).
purple bougainvillea and other
Within the peristyle of the memo-
flowers in parterre arrangements.
rial, a single Roman pine (pinus
Cedars of Lebanon, Monterey
pinea) shades the Brothers in Arms
cypress (cupressus macrocarpa),
statue. Dense plantings of Roman
eucalyptus and oleanders predomi-
pine (pinus pinea) form a backdrop
nate the plantings outside of the ser-
for the memorial.
vice road around the perimeter of
The informal garden south of the
the cemetery.
SYLVESTER ANTOLAK
SGT 15 INF 3 DIV
OHIO MAY 24 1944
of HOZON M N E A D L
Headstone of Medal of Honor Recipient
18
19
Visitors' Room
Graves Area with Memorial in Background
20
Somme American Cemetery, Bony, Aisne, France
AMERICAN MEMORIALS
and
OVERSEAS MILITARY
CEMETERIES
The AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS
regulations for the erection of
COMMISSION was created by act of
monuments, markers, and memo-
Congress in March 1923 to erect and
rials in foreign countries by other
maintain memorials in the United
United States citizens and organiza-
States and foreign countries where
tions, public or private. It was later
the United States Armed Forces
given responsibility for establishing
have served since April 6, 1917, and
or taking over from the Armed
to control as to design and provide
Forces permanent burial grounds in
21
CAMBRIDGE
18
BEDFORD
OXFORD
LONDON
BROOKWOOD
OSTEND
DOVER
E
N
G
L
A
N
D
SOUTHAMPTON
WAREGEM
CALAIS
PORTSMOUTH
YPRES
D
KEMMEL
BOULOGNE
B
LILLE
186 N G L II S H
CAMBRAI
BONY
SOMME
BELLICO
DIEPPE
AMIENS
ST
QUENTIN
CANTIGNY
CHERBOURG
MONTDIDIER
Olse
LE HAVRE
F
R
A
N
STE MERE-EGLISE
UTAH BEACH
ROUEN
POINTEDUTION
ST LAURENT
SOISS(
BAYEUX
NORMANDY
FERE-EN-TARDENOIS
CAEN
ST LO
BELLEAU
AISNE-MARNE
NORMANDY
THE
Ch
FALAISE
PARIS
SURESNES
VERSAILLES
ARGENTAN
AVRANCHES
TOURS
N
MT ST MICHEL
ST JAMES
e
BRITTANY
BRITTANY
FOUGERES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
FONTAINEBLEAU
MILES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
RENNES
KILOMETERS
BREST
foreign countries and designing,
on foreign soil; and cooperating with
constructing and maintaining per-
American citizens, states, municipali-
manent cemetery memorials at these
ties, or associations desiring to erect
burial sites; controlling as to design
war memorials outside the continental
and materials, providing regulations
limits of the United States. It is not
for, and supervising erection of all
responsible for construction, main-
monuments, memorials, buildings,
tenance, or operation of cemeteries in
and other structures in permanent
the continental United States or its ter-
United States cemetery memorials
ritories and possessions.
22
THE HAGUE
ARNHEM
Rhine
ROTTERDAM
WORLD WAR I CEMETERIES
Waal
NIJMEGEN
i
WORLD WAR II CEMETERIES
Mags
WORLD WAR I MONUMENTS
NETHERLANDS
WORLD WAR II MONUMENTS
ESSEN
DUISBURG
KASSEL
ANTWERP
G
E
R
M
A
N
Y
COLOGNE
MAASTRICHT
MD
BRUSSELS
MARGRATEN
AACHEN
DE
NETHERLANDS
BONN
HENRI-CHAPEL
G I U M
LIEGE
EUPEN
VERVIERS
PRE (NEUVILLE.EN.CONDROZ
ii
KOBLENZ
ARDENNES
FRANKFURT-AM-MAIN
MAINZO
LUXEMBOURG
TRIER
LUXEMBOURG
SEDAN
T
MANNHEIM
HEIDELBERG
SAARLAUTERN
ROMAGNE
o
50
MEUSE-ARGONNE
SAARBRÜCKEN
100 MILES
BERN
SOMMEPY
o
REIMS
LORRAINE
50
100 KILOMETERS
MONTFAUCON
I
SWITZERLAND
VERDUN
METZ
ST AVOLD
NE
GENEVA
SOUILLY
ST MIHIEL
THIAUCOURT
LYON
RRY
CHALONS-SUR-
MARNE
ST MIHIEL
MONTSEC
NANCY
GRENOBLE
Mame
STRASBOURG
ITALY
TURIN
Rhom
MONTELIMAR
FRANCE
N
COLMAR
CHAUMONT
EPINAL
RHONE
NICE
DRAGUIGNAN
MARSEILLE
TOULON
ST RAPHAEL
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
After World War I the American
Armed Forces. In 1934 the World
Battle Monuments Commission
War I oversea cemeteries were trans-
erected a memorial chapel in each of
ferred to the Commission by Execu-
the eight military cemeteries over-
tive Order.
seas already established by the War
The names and locations of these
Department, as well as eleven
World War I cemetery memorials,
monuments and two bronze tablets
the numbers of burials, and the
on the battlefields and elsewhere, to
numbers of Missing recorded at their
record the achievements of our
memorials are:
23
World War I
Burials
Missing
Known
Unknown
Commemorated
Aisne-Marne, Belleau, France
2,039
249
1,060
Brookwood, England
427
41
563
Flanders Field, Waregem, Belgium
347
21
43
Meuse-Argonne, Romagne, France
13,760
486
954
Oise-Aisne, Fere-en-Tardenois, France
5,415
597
241
St. Mihiel, Thiaucourt, France
4,036
117
284
Somme, Bony, France
1,707
137
333
Suresnes (See WW II also), France
1,535
6
974
Totals
29,266
1,654
4,452
World War I monuments erected
cemeteries in Honolulu, Sitka, and
by the Commission are located at or
Puerto Rico (which are now adminis-
near: Audenarde, Belgium; Bel-
tered by the National Cemetery Sys-
licourt, France; Brest, France; Can-
tem, Veterans Administration). As
tigny, France; Chateau-Thierry,
was the case after World War I, some
France; Gibraltar; Kemmel, Belgium;
remains were left in isolated graves
Montfaucon, France; Montsec,
outside of the cemeteries by request
France; Sommepy, France; and
of the families who then became re-
Tours, France. World War I tablets
sponsible for their maintenance.
are at Chaumont and Souilly,
Fourteen sites in foreign countries
France.
were selected as permanent
By the end of World War II several
cemeteries in 1947 by the Secretary
hundred temporary cemeteries had
of the Army and the American Battle
been established by the American
Monuments Commission in concert.
Graves Registration Service of the
Their locations reflect the progress of
United States Army. During the
the military operations and were
years 1947 to 1954 that Service, com-
selected with consideration, of their
plying with the expressed wishes of
accessibility, aspect, prospect,
the next of kin, and by authority of
drainage, and other practical factors.
law, repatriated the remains of some
The World War II cemeteries with
172,000 recovered bodies. The re-
numbers of burials, including Un-
mainder were given final interment
knowns, and the numbers of Mis-
in the permanent military cemeteries
sing recorded at their memorials and
on foreign soil, in private cemeteries
at three separate memorials on
overseas, and in the national
United States soil are:
World War II
Burials
Missing
Known
Unknown
Commemorated
Ardennes, Neupre (Neuville-en-Condroz) Belgium
4,536
790
462
Brittany, St. James, France
4,313
97
497
Cambridge, England
3,787
24
5,126
Epinal, France
5,186
69
424
Florence, Italy
4,189
213
1,409
Henri-Chapelle, Belgium
7,895
94
450
Lorraine, St. Avoid, France
10,338
151
444
Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
4,975
101
370
Manila, Republic of the Philippines
13,462
3,744
36,280
Netherlands, Margraten, Netherlands
8,195
106
1,722
Normandy, St. Laurent-sur-Mer, France
9,079
307
1,557
North Africa, Carthage, Tunisia
2,601
240
3,724
Rhone, Draguignan, France
799
62
293
Sicily-Rome, Nettuno, Italy
7,372
490
3,094
24
Suresnes (See WW I also), France
24
East Coast Memorial, New York City, New York
4,596
Honolulu Memorial, Honolulu, Hawaii
18,094
West Coast Memorial, San Francisco, California
413
Totals
86,727
6,512
78,955
World War II cemeteries maintained by the National Cemetery System,
Veterans Administration
Honolulu, Hawaii
11,597
2,079
(See
Honolulu
Memorial)
Puerto Rico
69
Sitka, Alaska
67
5
Other Missing in Action Commemorated by ABMC
Korean War, Honolulu Memorial,
Honolulu, Hawaii
8,195
Vietnam War, Honolulu Memorial,
Honolulu, Hawaii
2,489
In every case, use of the perma-
American Battle Monuments Com-
nent cemetery sites on foreign soil
mission by Presidential Executive
was granted in perpetuity by the
Order. Thereupon the remaining
host government to the United
portions of the architects' designs
States free of cost, rent, and taxa-
were carried out, step by step -
tion. The temporary cemetery sites
grading; installation of a system of
not selected as permanent cemeter-
reinforced concrete beams on piles
ies reverted to the landowners.
to maintain the levels and align-
In 1947, an outstanding American
ments of the headstones; fabrication
architect was selected to design each
and installation of the headstones;
of the World War II cemeteries, con-
construction of water supply and
ceiving its grave plots, a chapel, and
distribution systems, utilities build-
a museum as complementary ele-
ings, roads and paths; plantings;
ments of an integral memorial to the
and erection of the memorials, vis-
services and sacrifices of the Ameri-
itors' buildings, and flagpoles.
can Armed Services who fought in
For design of the various memo-
the particular region. Upon approval
rials, no specific limitations were
of their general schemes by the
imposed upon the architects other
Commission, and by agreement
than budgeted cost and a require-
with the Secretary of the Army, the
ment that each was to embody these
architects' plans of the grave plots
features:
were followed by the American
A small devotional chapel;
Graves Registration Service in mak-
inscription of the names and
ing the permanent burials of those
particulars of the Missing in the
remains which by decision of the
region;
next of kin were to be interred over-
a graphic record, in permanent
seas. The timely cooperation be-
form, of the services of our troops
tween these two agencies contrib-
(WW II only; however, Oise-
uted appreciably to the coherence of
Aisne, Meuse-Argonne and St.
the development of the cemetery de-
Mihiel WW I American Cemeter-
signs.
ies also have battle maps).
Beginning in the latter half of 1949,
These requirements have been in-
the permanent interments having
terpreted in a wide and interesting
been virtually completed, the World
variety of forms.
War II overseas cemeteries were
An important motive for the con-
progressively transferred for con-
struction of the memorials is the im-
struction and maintenance to the
plied undertaking by our Govern-
25
Suresnes American Cemetery, Suresnes, Seine, France
Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial, Cambridge, England
ment to record by monuments the
Against Germany" and "The War
achievements of our Armed Ser-
Against Japan." Each set consists of
vices, since the erection of memo-
three maps, each covering about
rials by the troops (which in the past
one-third of the period of our par-
unfortunately had all too often been
ticipation in the war. By these key-
found to be poorly designed, poorly
maps any major battle may be re-
constructed, and lacking provision
lated to the others in time and space.
for maintenance) was expressly for-
With each architect, an American
bidden by the military services. The
landscape architect, an American
permanent graphic record takes the
sculptor, and an American muralist
form of military maps, usually large
or painter usually collaborated.
murals, amplified by descriptive
Their combined talents produced
texts in English as well as in the lan-
the beauty and dignity of the memo-
guage of the country in which the
rials, all of which are dedicated to the
cemetery is located. The historical
memory of the achievements of
data for these maps were prepared
those who served and of the sac-
by the American Battle Monuments
rifices of those who died. The con-
Commission. The maps themselves
struction of the cemeteries and
were rendered by experienced ar-
memorials, and the execution of
tists in tasteful presentation using
most of the works of art, were per-
various media: layered marbles,
formed by local contractors and ar-
fresco, bronze relief, mosaic con-
tists under the supervision of the
crete or ceramics. Another feature of
Commission.
interest at each memorial is the two
At each cemetery there is a vis-
sets of "key-maps": "The War
itors' building or room, with com-
27
Brittany American Cemetery and Memorial, St. James, Manche, France
fortable furnishings. Here visitors
Tablets of the Missing (which also
may learn the grave locations (or in-
include the names of those whose
scriptions of the Missing) at any of
remains could not be identified, and
the oversea cemeteries.
those lost and buried at sea) give
Each grave in the oversea
name, rank, organization, and state;
cemeteries is marked by a headstone
the circumstances under which
of white marble-a Star of David for
death occurred usually precluded
those of Jewish faith, a Latin cross
the possibility of determining the
for all others. Each headstone bears
exact date.
the deceased's name, rank, service,
These cemeteries are open every
organization, date of death, and
day of the year. Photography is
state or territory from which he
permitted without special authoriza-
entered the military service.
tion, except when it is to be used for
In the World War I cemeteries,
commercial purposes-in- such
headstones of the Unknowns, i.e.,
cases, permission must be obtained
those remains which could not be
from the Commission.
identified, bear the inscription:
Unlike National cemeteries under
jurisdiction of the Veterans Ad-
HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERI-
ministration, there can be no further
CAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD.
burials in the American military
In the World War II cemeteries, the
cemeteries overseas except of those
inscription reads:
remains which may, in the future, be
found on the battlefields. Essen-
HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY A COMRADE
tially, these graves with their memo-
IN ARMS KNOWN BUT TO GOD.
rials constitute inviolable shrines.
28
tt +1
+ +
Rhone American Cemetery and Memorial, Draguignan, Var, France
29
EARNEL
AND
City, upon which their names and
ANDEST
OT THE
particulars are inscribed.
ORTAL
UT
WEST COAST MEMORIAL
Similarly, the names and particulars
of those 413 Americans who gave
their lives in the service of their
country off the west coast of the
Americas but outside the territorial
limits of the United States, are re-
corded at the memorial erected by
the Commission at the Presidio of
San Francisco.
HONOLULU MEMORIAL
Although the National Memorial
Cemetery of the Pacific at Honolulu
"Mourning Woman"
is administered by the Veterans
Netherlands American Cemetery
Administration, the American Battle
Monuments Commission con-
In addition to the eight World War
structed a memorial therein, incor-
I cemeteries, the 14 World War II
porating the features of the memo-
cemeteries, 11 World War I monu-
rials in its oversea cemeteries. The
ments and two tablets, the American
names of 18,094 Missing of World
Battle Monuments Commission
War II who gave their lives in the
program of commemoration in-
Pacific areas (except the Southwest
cludes the following:
and the Palau Islands which are
commemorated at the Manila
SURESNES
Cemetery Memorial) are recorded
here as well as 8,195 missing of the
At the Suresnes Cemetery Memo-
Korean War and 2,489 Missing of the
rial, senior representatives of the
Vietnam War.
French and United States Govern-
ments pay homage to our military
POINTE DU HOC MONUMENT
Dead on ceremonial occasions. Ac-
cordingly, 24 Unknown Dead of
Following World War II, the French
World War II were buried in this
erected a monument at Pointe du
World War I cemetery, and two log-
Hoc overlooking the right flank of
gias were added to its chapel by the
Omaha Beach, France honoring the
Commission, thereby converting it
elements of the 2nd Ranger Battalion
into a shrine commemorating our
under the command of LTC James
Dead of both wars.
Rudder who scaled the cliff, seized
the position, and defended it against
EAST COAST MEMORIAL
German counter-attacks at a high
cost of lives. The monument consists
To commemorate those 4,596
of a simple pylon on top of a concrete
Americans who, in or above the
bunker at the edge of the cliff with
waters off the east coast of North and
appropriate inscriptions at its base in
South America, but outside the ter-
French and English. It was officially
ritorial limits of the United States,
turned over to the American gov-
gave their lives in the service of their
ernment for operation and mainte-
country, the Commission erected a
nance in perpetuity on January 11,
memorial in Battery Park, New York
1979.
30
Honolulu Memorial (WW II & Korea) National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific,
Honolulu, Hawaii
UTAH BEACH MONUMENT
about 2 miles west of the cathedral
and about one mile north of the U.S.
The site of the Utah Beach Monu-
ment is at the termination of High-
Embassy. This cemetery was estab-
lished in 1851 and contains a small
way N-13D, approximately 3
kilometers northeast of Ste-Marie-
monument over the grave of 750 of
our unidentified Dead of the War of
du-Mont (Manche), France. This
1847. In this one acre area there are
monument commemorates the
813 remains of Americans and others
achievements of the American
Forces of the VII Corps who fought
in wall crypts. Care of the cemetery
in the liberation of the Cotentin
was transferred from the Depart-
Peninsula from 6 June to 1 July 1944.
ment of the Army to this Commis-
It consists of a' red granite obelisk
sion on July 16, 1947. This cemetery
was closed to burials in 1923.
surrounded by a small, developed
park overlooking the historic sand
dunes of Utah Beach, one of the two
COROZAL AMERICAN
American landing beaches during
CEMETERY, COROZAL,
the Normandy Invasion of June
REPUBLIC OF PANAMA
1944. The site of the monument,
which was under construction at the
The Corozal American Cemetery is
time of publication, is located in the
located approximately three miles
open grassy area in the foreground
north of Panama City, just off Gail-
of the photograph.
lard Highway between the Corozal
Railroad Station and Fort Clayton.
MEXICO CITY
To reach the cemetery, follow Gail-
NATIONAL CEMETERY
lard Highway north from Panama
City, turn right on Rybicki Road, and
The Mexico City National Cemetery
proceed about one-half mile to the
is at 31 Calzada Melchor Ocampo,
cemetery. Taxi and bus service to the
31
BERN
SWITZERLAND
$
AUSTRIA
GRAZ
HUNGARY
L
P
GENEVAL
KLAGENFURT
BOLZANO
LYON
GRENOBLE
MILAN
TURIN
VENICE
TRIESTE
MONTELIMAR
FRANCE
YUGOSLAVIA
GENOA
Do
8
RHONE
NICE
DRAGUIGNAN
MARSEILLE
PISA
Amo
ST MAPHAEL
ATOULON
FLORENCE
EGHORN
SIENA
2
N
ELSA
CORSICA
90
I
T
A
L1 Y
ROME
SICILY-ROME
t
ANZIO
NETTUNO
FOGGIA
BARD
NAPLES
4
SALERNO
SARDINIA
S
M
E
D
I
PALERMO
MESSINA
SICILY
+
WORLD WAR " CEMETERIES
GIBRALTAR
NORTH AFRICA
CARTHAGE
WORLD WAR I MONUMENTS
TUNIS
ALGERIA
0
50
100
150
200 MILES
TUNISIA
0
50
100
150
200
KILOMETERS
MALTA
cemetery are available from Panama
Missing with natural cut flowers
City. There are 4,795 identified
only is permitted. The Commission
"Known" Dead interred here. In
is always ready to help arrange with
agreement with the Republic of
local florists in foreign countries for
Panama, care and maintenance of
placement of such decorations. Re-
the cemetery in perpetuity was as-
quests should be mailed so as to ar-
sumed by the Commission on Oc-
rive at the appropriate Commission
tober 1, 1979.
office at least thirty days before the
date of decoration and should be ac-
FLORAL DECORATIONS
companied by check or U. S. Postal
In the oversea cemeteries, the deco-
Money Order in dollars. Deposits
ration of graves or the Tablets of the
may be made for a single decoration
32
on a particular day-birthday,
or the section of the Tablets of the
Memorial Day, Christmas Day, for
Missing where the individual's
example-or for several decorations
name appears. For the Honolulu,
on particular dates within a year or
East Coast and West Coast Memo-
over a period of years. Checks
rials, the Commission will supply a
should be made payable to "ABMC
lithographed picture of the memo-
Flower Fund," money orders to
rial itself and a black and white
"The American Battle Monuments
photograph of the appropriate sec-
Commission." Requests should be
tion of the list of the Missing. Photo-
addressed to the Commission's
graphs of graves in the National
European office, except in the case of
Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (in
Florence, Sicily-Rome, and North
Honolulu) are not available through
Africa cemeteries, where the
the Commission.
Mediterranean office is responsible
Requests for photographs and
and Manila cemetery, where the
lithographs should be addressed to
Philippine office is responsible.
the Commission's Washington Of-
Orders for flowers for all
fice.
cemeteries may also be placed
through any local florist who is a
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
member of the "Florists Telegraph
Further information regarding
Delivery Association." In such
cemeteries and memorials may be
cases, the name of the deceased, his
obtained at the Commission's offices
rank, service number, name of the
in Washington, Garches (near
cemetery, country in which located,
Paris), Rome, or Manila. Visitors
and the location by plot, row, and
passing through these cities are in-
grave should be provided, if known.
vited to call. The Commission's rep-
resentatives there may be of assist-
PHOTOGRAPHS
ance in verifying travel routes and
The Commission will furnish close
schedules and also in furnishing in-
relatives of the Dead buried or com-
formation concerning overnight ac-
memorated in the World War I and II
commodations. These offices are not
cemetery memorials overseas with a
open on Saturdays, Sundays, or
color lithograph of the cemetery to-
holidays, but essential information
gether with a black and white
may be obtained overseas through
photograph of the particular grave
our Embassy telephone operators.
SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC
AVAILABLE THROUGH
THE AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION
Name, location, and general information concerning the cemetery or
memorial; plot, row, and grave number if appropriate; best routes and
modes of travel in-country to the cemetery or memorial; general infor-
mation about the accommodations that may be available in the vicinity;
escort service within the cemetery memorial for relatives; letters au-
thorizing fee-free passports for members of the immediate family
traveling overseas to visit a grave or memorial site; black and white
photographs of headstones and sections of the Tablets of the Missing
on which the servicemen's names are engraved; large color lithographs
of World War I and II cemeteries and memorials to which the appro-
priate headstone or section of the Tablets of the Missing photographs
are affixed; and arrangements for floral decoration of grave and memo-
rial sites.
33
Decorated Gravesite of an "Unknown"
ONE
V
HERE NES
THE AMERICAN
BATTLE MONUMENTS
COMMISSION
ESTABLISHED BY CONGRESS MARCH 1923
Membership
(Vacant)
Armistead J. Maupin
Chairman
Francis J. Bagnell
John C. McDonald
Kitty D. Bradley
Freda J. Poundstone
Audrey O. Cookman
Edwin Bliss Wheeler
Rexford C. Early
Lawrence A. Wright
William E. Hickey
A. J. Adams, Secretary
UNITED STATES OFFICE
MEDITERRANEAN OFFICE
Casimir Pulaski Building
Street Address:
20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
American Embassy
Washington, D.C. 20314
Via Veneto 119a
Telephone: (202) 272-0533
Rome, Italy
272-0532
Mailing Address:
APO New York 09794
Telephone: 4674, Ext. 156
475-0157
Telegrams: ABMC AMEMBASSY
EUROPEAN OFFICE
Rome, Italy
Street Address:
PHILIPPINE OFFICE
68, rue du 19 Janvier
92 - Garches, France
Street Address
Mailing Address:
American Military Cemetery
APO New York 09777
Manila, R. P.
Telephone: 701-1976
Mailing Address:
Telegrams: ABMC
APO San Francisco 96528
AMEMBASSY
Telephone: Manila 88-02-12
Paris, France
Telegrams: AMBAMCOM,
Manila, R.P.
35
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