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323152545
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Toast at Hungarian Parliament 7/11/89 [OA 6266]
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323152545
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document
title
Toast at Hungarian Parliament 7/11/89 [OA 6266]
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13676-010
collections
Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13676
Folder ID Number:
13676-010
Folder Title:
Toast at Hungarian Parliament 7/11/89 [OA 6266]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
19
2
3
RCV BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 : 6-21-89 :11:08AM :
2027550828-
4566218;# 1
1
June 21, 1989
MEMORANDUM TO:
Miss. Stephanie Blessey, Research
FROM:
Sandor J. Horvath, Deputy Chief/ Hungarian Service/ VOA
SUBJECT:
Famous Hungarian- Americans
Our recommandation concerning the usage of the Petofi poem, titled,, Rise
Hungarian' is negative, because it has an igniting, revolutionary impact.
Scientists:
1. John von Neumann ( Neumann Janos) - inventor of computers, and he was a
participant of the,, Manhattan Project".
2. Theodore von Karman (Kirmin Tador) - inventor of jet plane engine.
3. Leo Szilard ( Szil rd Lel ) - nuclear scientist, Manhattan Project".
4. Eugene Wiegner ( Wiegner Jen ) - nuclear scientist - Manhattan Project".
5. Edward Teller - nuclear scientist, H bomb, Manhattan Project", SDI.
6. Albert Szentgyorgyi - Nobel Prize Winner ( Vitamin C ).
Conductors:
1. Eugene Ormandy ( Ormandy Jen#)
2. George Szell (SzIll Gylrgy)
RCV BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 : 6-21-89 :11:09AM :
2027550828-
4566218:# 2
2
4. Antal Dorati ( Dor#ti Antal)
5. Fritz Reiner ( Reiner Fritz)
6. Zoltan Rozsnyay ( Rozsnyay Zoltin )
Singers-Metropolitan Opera:
1. Lajos Konya (KInya Lajos)
2. Lorine Alvary (Alviry Larine)
3. Gabor Carelli ( Carelli Gibor)
Composers:
1. Miklos Rozsa ( RIzsa Mikl's - Oscar winner (film) composer ( Ben Hur....)
2. Miklos Brodszky ( Bradszky Mikl s) Oscar winner film composer
3. Sygmund Romberg ( Romberg Zsigmond ) - operette and musical composer
Film Industry:
1. Adolf Cukor ( Cukor Adolf) - founder and chairman of Paramount Films
2. Michael Curtis ( Kert"sz Mihily ) - Oscar winner filmdirector "Casablanca" etc.
3. Paul Lukacs ( Lukics Pil ) - Oscar winner actor
4. Bela Lugosi ( Lugosi Bila ) - Frankenstein
5. S.Z. Sakall ( Szlke Szak"l ) - Hundreds of Hollywood films.
6. Tony Curtis - actor
7. Joe Pasternak (Pasztern"k J zsef) - film producer
8. Ernie Kovach
9. Vilma Banky (Binky Vilma ) Star of the American Silent Movies
RCV BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 6-21-89 11:10AM :
2027550828-
4566218;# 3
3
US Personalities:
1. Colonel Kovach ( KovIcs ezredes ) - founder of the Amercican Cavalry during the
US Civil War.
2. Tom Lantos ( Lantos Tam's) - US Congressman ( CA Democrat)
3. Joseph Pulitzer ( Pulitzer J zsef) - publisher ( See Pulitzer Prize)
4. Andre Kertesz (Kert.sz Andr ) - World famous photographer.
5. Robert Capa - - Died in the Korean War as a war correspondent.
Sports:
1. Joe Namath - football star
2. Larry Csonka - football star
3. Karch Kiraly - current captain of the Olympic and World Champion US Man's
Volley Ball Team.
4. Andy Toro (Tirl Andr's) - former secretary of United States Olympic Committee
5. Csaba Elthes ( #lthes Csaba ) - Coach of the US Olympic Saber Fancing Team
since 1960.
6. Bob Gansler - - Coach of the US National Soccer Team
7. Peter Vermes - Member of the US National Soccer Team
TRANSFER SHEET
BUSH PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS PROJECT
COLLECTION Bush Presidential Records--
ACC. NO: 93-01
Office of Speechwriting--
Speech File - Backup
The following material was withdrawn from this segment of the
collection and trasferred to the X AUDIOVISUAL COLLECTION
BOOK COLLECTION
MUSEUM COLLECTION
OTHER (SPECIFY:
)
DESCRIPTION: one color photo--official White House photograph-
toast at Hungarian Parliament
SERIES
BOX NO.
Office of Speechwriting
22
Speech File - Backup
FILE FOLDER TITLE:
Toast at Hungarian Parliament
7/11/89 [OA 6266]
TRANSFERRED BY:
DATE OF TRANSFER:
JGP
6/20/96
RECEIVED BY:
DATE RECEIVED
Mary Finch
6/20/96
THE
Ruluk- transition from dictatorship to democracy
(851 - Frigate Miss,
tukes tape parado
Hungary do not Loot
itself What Hung ld he - if it wherates
TOAST - notrans, 5-7 min.
focus on con -
1995 World fan
Vumor &
Conot -
James Madivor of justice
Budapeot
Karl Marx - - 2000 people
students, ents, opp
Hung Dem forum had founding
Congress - Bas
KM - frank tack re.' modern world
what free ent cld do
Comm party shld get out of factories
3 countries at diff stages -
math+ science scores- -
sense of confidence
CONFIDENTIAL
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY PARIS
PAGE 01
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PRS-01 AGR-01 STC- 01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PAO-01 SCIO-01
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01-JUN-89 TOR: 15:53
00 RUFHFR
CN: 03555
DE RUDKDA #5597 1521539
CHRG: PROG
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
0 011539Z JUN 89
ADD:
E
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1704
X
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5928
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8162
D
BT
e
0
N
D
E
N
A
L
BUDAPEST 05597
I
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY
S
DOOLEY
ALL OFFICES - PLEASE DESTROY ORIGINAL DISTRIBUTION OF THIS MESSAGE
MESSAGE IS EXDIS.
BT
#5597
NNNN
DECLASSIFIED
Department of State Guidelines
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B), July 21, 1997
By It NARA, Date 06/02/23
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF IDENTIAL
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY
PARIS
PAGE 01
BUDAPEST 005597
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BUDAPEST 005597
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WE IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE WELCOMED THESE FIRST
ACTION MNE-01
EFFORTS TOWARD THE LIFTING OF THE POLITICAL AND
INFO AMB-01 DCM-01 POL-01 ESA-04 READ-01 CPU-01 GEP-01
ECONOMIC RESTRAINTS ON THE PEOPLE OF HUNGARY. WE HAVE
USI-01 RSO-01 DAO-01 FIN-01 SCI-01 CGN-01 LAB-01 ORA-01
REJOICED TO SEE THE WAVE OF DEMOCRACY, NOW SURGING
PRS-01 AGR-01 STC-01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BF0-01 INT-01 SECD-01
AROUND THE WORLD, BEGIN TO SWEEP OVER THIS COUNTRY,
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PAO-01 SC10-01
TOO.
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01 PER-01 CPO-01
IT IS MY AIM, AND THAT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, TO
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
HELP THE PEOPLE OF HUNGARY WORK TOWARD THE TIME WHEN
YOU ARE FREE TO TAKE AN ACTIVE PART IN THE PEACEFUL
VZCZCPAO568DKA975 BM
01-JUN-89 TOR: 15:44
DEVELOPMENT OF YOUR COUNTRY, WHEN YOU CAN ACHIEVE A
00 RUFHER
CN: 03539
FULL DEMOCRACY AND THE PROSPERITY THAT HISTORY HAS
DE RUDKDA #5597 1521525
CHRG: PROG
SHOWN ONLY A MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY CAN PRODUCE.
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
AS I HAVE SAID BEFORE, WE WANT FREEDOM TO SUCCEED, AND
0 011523Z JUN 89
ADD:
I SAY NOW WE WANT IT TO SUCCEED HERE.
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
HUNGARY TODAY STANDS ON THE VERGE OF A NEW ERA.
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1700
OPPORTUNITIES ARE HERE FOR DEMOCRACY, AND FOR AN
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5924
EFFECTIVE ECONOMY THAT CAN PROVIDE A BETTER STANDARD
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8158
OF LIVING FOR ALL HUNGARIANS. THE PATH TO A RETURN
BT
TO DEMOCRACY HAS BEEN TREAD BEFORE BY OTHER NATIONS.
BUDAPEST 05597
BUT IT IS NOT AN EASY PATH. IT TAKES POLITICAL AND
MORAL COURAGE TO GO FORWARD, TO AVOID THE TRAP OF
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY DOOLEY
COVERING STAGNATION WITH POLITICAL RHETORIC, TO TAKE
THE DIFFICULT STEPS THAT ARE NECESSARY TO TURN THIS
SECSTATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
COUNTRY AROUND.
WE BELIEVE THIS NATION HAS THAT COURAGE.
DEPT PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE
WE BELIEVE IN THE FUTURE OF HUNGARY.
USIA FOR EU:JORIA
AND WE WILL SHOW OUR CONFIDENCE IN THIS COUNTRY THROUGH
CONCRETE STEPS TO ENCOURAGE THE PROCESS OF REFORM.
E.O. 12356: DECL: OAD
WE WILL BACK THE PROCESS, ALREADY BEGUN, OF GETTING THE
TAGS: OVIP, HU
GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY OUT OF THE BUSINESS OF RUNNING
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXTS OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
THE HUNGARIAN ECONOMY, AND OF RETURNING HUNGARIAN
BUSINESS, INDUSTRY, AND AGRICULTURE TO PRIVATE
FOL MSG SENT ACTOIN SECSTATE 25 MAY RPT FYA QUOTE
HANDS. WE WILL DO THIS THROUGH PROMOTION OF
SENSIBLE INVESTMENT IN WELL-RUN ENTERPRISES. WE WILL
SECTION 01 OF 06 BUDAPEST 05597
HELP YOU TO TRAIN THE BUSINESS MANAGERS AND FINANCIAL
REFS (A) DOOLEY/MCCARTHY TELCON OF 5/31;
EXPERTS THE COUNTRY NEEDS. WE WILL ENCOURAGE MORE
EXDIS
TWO-WAY TRADE. MY ADMINISTRATION HAS MAPPED OUT A
SERIES OF MEASURES TO MOVE FORWARD IN ALL OF THESE
DEPT PASS TO WHITE HOUSE FOR STUDDERT AND KELLER
AREAS. I AM HERE ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA
NSC FOR BLACKWILL
TODAY TO OFFER YOU A HELPING HAND.
EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO, HUNGARY WAS IN THE MIDST OF
ITS GOLDEN ERA, WITH UNPRECEDENTED PROSPERITY AND
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
DEVELOPMENT. AT THAT TIME HUNGARY WAS A WELL-RESPECTED
TAGS: OVIP, HU
AND ACTIVE MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY OF NATIONS,
SUBJECT: SUGGESTED TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
BT
#5597
1. CONF IDENTIAL ENTIRE TEXT.
NNNN
2. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE EMBASSY'S SUGGESTED REMARKS
FOR THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS TO BE MADE AT KARL MARX
UNIVERSITY DURING HIS VISIT TO HUNGARY.
3.
BEGIN SPEECH. QUOTE.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, DOCTOR CSAKI:
I THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND INVITATION TO SPEAK HERE
AND THIS WARM WELCOME. MAY I ADD THAT THOUGH AT
FIRST GLANCE IT MAY SEEM SURPRISING TO SEE AN
AMERICAN PRESIDENT SPEAKING AT A UNIVERSITY CALLED
KARL MARX, AT THIS TIME IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
EAST-WEST RELATIONS I CANNOT BUT THINK IT IS A
VERY APPROPRIATE PLACE AFTER ALL.
THIS COUNTRY HAS CHANGED AMAZINGLY SINCE MY VISIT
IN 1983: THERE HAVE BEEN MAJOR CHANGES IN THE POLITICAL
CLIMATE; THERE IS NOW STARTLINGLY OPEN POLITICAL
DEBATE IN THE PRESS; THE SOVIET UNION HAS -- IN
WHAT WE HOPE IS JUST A FIRST STEP WITHDRAWN SOME
OF ITS TROOPS FROM HUNGARIAN SOIL; THE FIRST MEASURES
TOWARD AN EFFICIENT, MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY HAVE
DECLASSIFIED
BEEN TAKEN; THE BORDERS TO THE WEST HAVE BEEN OPENED
TO ALL ORDINARY CITIZENS WHO WANT TO VISIT ABROAD;
Department of State Guidelines
AND THE UGLY BARBED WIRE OF THE IRON CURTAIN IS BEING
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B), July 21, 1997
TORN DOWN.
By
4
NARA, Date 06/02/23
CONF IDENTIAL
CONF IDENTIAL
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY
PARIS
PAGE 01
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DEMOCRACY AFTER A PERIOD OF REPRESSION IS OFTEN
ACTION MNE-01
NOT STRAIGHTFORWARD OR EASY, BUT THE PROCESS OF
INFO AMB-01 DCM-01 POL-01 ESA-04 READ-01 CPU-01 GEP-01
STRIVING FOR A TRULY DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM MUST GO
USI-01 RSO-01 DAO-01 FIN-01 SCI-01 CGN-01 LAB-01 ORA-01
FORWARD.
PRS-01 AGR-01 STC-01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
WE HAVE BEEN IMPRESSED BY THE PUBLIC DEBATES IN THE
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PA0-01 SC10-01
MEDIA HERE ON THESE SUBJECTS. WE APPRECIATE THE
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01 PER-01 CPO-01
DRAMATICALLY INCREASED SCOPE FOR PRESS FREEDOMS NOW
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
ENJOYED IN HUNGARY RECENTLY DEMONSTRATED BY THE
START OF THE COUNTRY'S FIRST INDEPENDENT DAILY
VZCZCPAO571DKA976 BM
01-JUN-89 TOR: 15:45
NEWSPAPER. THE DEGREE TO WHICH HUNGARY HAS OPENED
00 RUFHER
CN: 03542
UP TO THE WEST IN THIS REGARD IS SHOWN BY A VERY
DE RUDKDA #5597 1521529
CHRG: PROG
RECENT AND WELCOME DEVELOPMENT I AM PLEASED TO
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
NOTE TODAY THAT THE HUNGARIAN GOVERNMENT HAS AGREED
0 011528Z JUN 89
ADD:
TO ALLOW AN OFFICE OF RADIO FREE EUROPE TO OPEN HERE IN
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
BUDAPEST AND THAT IT IS ALREADY FUNCTIONING. I AM
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1701
ALSO ENCOURAGED THAT PERMISSION HAS BEEN GIVEN FOR
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5925
THE OPENING HERE OF A PRIVATE COMMERCIAL AMERICAN
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8159
RAD10 STATION. WE ARE ALSO PLEASED THAT WHITE COLLAR
BT
INDEPENDENT UNIONS NOW FUNCTION HERE; WE HOPE THAT
BUDAPEST 05597
SOON SUBSTANTIAL INDEPENDENT BLUE COLLAR UNIONS WILL
REPRESENT HUNGARIAN WORKERS. LIKE MOST HUNGARIANS,
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY
WE ARE ENTHUSIASTIC OVER THE PROSPECT OF THE COUNTRY'S
DOOLEY
FIRST FREE MULTIPARTY ELECTIONS SINCE 1945, AND BY
THE PROSPECT OF THE COUNTRY'S TRANSITION TO A GENUINE
SECSTATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
MULTIPARTY SYSTEM. HUNGARIAN-AMERICANS PARTICULARLY
SHARE OUR GRATIFICATION THAT THE PROCESS OF NATIONAL
DEPT PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE
RECONCILIATION AND HEALING FOLLOWING 1956. WHICH
SEEMED INCOMPLETE AND STALEMATED A FEW YEARS AGO,
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
HAS TAKEN MAJOR STEPS FORWARD WITH THE PEACEFUL
TAGS: OVIP, HU
REBURIAL AND REHABILITATION OF IMRE NAGY.
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXTS OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
IN THE FOREIGN POLICY AREA, WE ARE ALSO GRATIFIED BY
HUNGARY'S STEPS TOWARD FULL PARTICIPATION IN THE
FOL MSG RPTED FYA
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AS A SOVEREIGN STATE: ITS
D
SECTION 02 OF 06 BUDAPEST 05597
ESTABLISHMENT OF RELATIONS WITH SOUTH KOREA, ACCESSION
TO THE UNITED NATIONS REFUGEE CONVENTION, AND ITS
EXDIS
PARTICIPATION IN UN PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES. WE
DEPT PASS TO WHITE HOUSE FOR STUDDERT AND KELLER
HOPE YOU WILL HAVE FULL DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH
NSC FOR BLACKWILL
ISRAEL BEFORE LONG. IN ITS TROUBLED RELATIONSHIP
EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
WITH ROMANIA, HUNGARY HAS OUR SYMPATHY AND SUPPORT
BECAUSE WE SHARE HUNGARY'S HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNS
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
AND SUPPORT THE INTEGRITY OF THE HELSINKI PROCESS
TAGS: OVIP, HU
WHICH THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT HAS SOUGHT TO UNDERMINE.
SUBJECT: SUGGESTED TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
THESE CHANGES ARE IMPORTANT. WE RECOGNIZE THEY ARE
INCOMPLETE, AND REPRESENT A BRIEF PERIOD IN A LONG
EXPORTING ALL OVER EUROPE ITS INDUSTRIAL AND
PROCESS. WE SUPPORT THE PROCESS AND IN DOING so,
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, ITS IDEAS, ITS ART AND CULTURE.
WE BELIEVE THE MAIN ISSUE IS NOT WHETHER THE
IT WAS A COUNTRY KNOWN NOT ONLY FOR THE BEAUTY OF
PROCESS IS GOING TOO SLOW OR TOO FAST, BUT THAT
ITS CAPITAL, BUT ALSO FOR ITS RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE,
IT CONTINUE. WE DO NOT WANT INSTABILITY. AT THE
AS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES
BT
LIVED AND WORKED TOGETHER IN PEACE. WESTERN VALUES
#5597
OF DEMOCRACY AND FREE ENTERPRISE WERE RESPECTED,
NNNN
AND HELPED TO BUILD THE NEW HUNGARY.
UNFORTUNATELY, THE ERA OF PROSPERITY AND PEACEFUL
DEVELOPMENT WAS SHORT-LIVED. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
HAS SEEN A SUCCESSION OF EXTRAORDINARILY DIFFICULT
TIMES FOR THIS NATION: THE DESTRUCTION AND LOSS
OF TWO WORLD WARS, THE ECONOMIC DEPRESSION OF THE
1930S, THE PERSECUTION AND NEAR-ANNIHILATION-OF TWO
MAJOR COMMUNITIES--THE JEWS AND THE GYPSIES, AND THE
IMPOSITION OF AN ALTEN AND REPRESSIVE GOVERNMENT,
WITH TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES IN 1956.
AS WE NEAR THE END OF THIS CENTURY, HOWEVER, AND
PREPARE TO ENTER A NEW ONE, WE CAN SEE AT LAST THE
BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEACE,
FOR PROSPERITY, AND FOR FREEDOM OF THE PEOPLE OF
HUNGARY.
WE 1N THE UNITED STATES, WITH MORE THAN TWO HUNDRED
YEARS OF EXPERIENCE WITH A WORKING CONSTITUTION,
HAVE COME TO APPRECIATE THAT A DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM IS
FULL OF CONFLICTS AND OFTEN MESSY. THE RETURN TO
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF IDENTIAL
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY
PARIS
PAGE 01
BUDAPEST 005597
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01/1548Z
FORCES AND THEREBY GAINING CONFIDENCE THAT NEITHER
ACTION MNE-01
NATION'S FORCES POSE UNKNOWN THREATS TO THE OTHER.
INFO AMB-01 DCM-01 POL-01 ESA-04 READ-01 CPU-01 GEP-01
AMERICAN MILITARY PERSONNEL HAVE IN THE LAST YEAR
USI-01 RSO-01 DAO-01 FIN-01 SCI-01 CGN-01 LAB-01 TORA-01
OBSERVED MILITARY EXERCISES HERE, AND NOTED THE FULL
PRS-01 AGR-01 STC-01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
COOPERATION AND ORENNESS OF THE HUNGARIAN COMMANDERS.
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PA0-01 SC10-01
OTHER CONTACTS ARE TAKING PLACE AT VARIOUS LEVELS,
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01 PER-01 CPO-01
AND I AM VERY PLEASED AT THIS TIME TO ANNOUNCE THAT
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
COLONEL GENERAL PACSEK, COMMANDER OF THE HUNGARIAN
ARMY, HAS ACCEPTED OUR INVITATION TO VISIT THE UNITED
VZCZCPA0575DKA977 BM
01-JUN-89
TOR:
15:47
STATES IN OCTOBER AND MEET WITH THE CHAIRMAN OF THE
00 RUFHER
CN: 03546
JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF. THIS WILL BE THE FIRST TIME
DE RUDKDA #5597 1521533
CHRG: PROG
THAT SUCH A HIGH RANKING MILITARY OFFICER FROM HUNGARY
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
WILL MAKE SUCH A VISIT.
0 011531Z JUN 89
ADD:
I WOULD LIKE TO TURN NOW TO ONE OF THE MOST ACTIVE
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AREAS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUR TWO COUNTRIES
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1702
AND ONE I BELIEVE IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT. WHEN
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5926
I WAS LAST HERE IN 1983 THERE WERE TWENTY-FOUR
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8160
FULBRIGHT SCHOLARS; NOW THERE ARE OVER FIFTY. THE
BT
NUMBER OF STUDENTS TRAVELLING FROM HUNGARY TO THE
BUDAPEST 05597
UNITED STATES HAS INCREASED TENFOLD. IN 1983
THERE WERE FEWER THAN THREE HUNDRED EXCHANGE VISITORS;
RPTED FYA
NOW THERE ARE ALMOST NINE HUNDRED. TWENTY AMERICAN
COLLEGES NOW HAVE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS OF THEIR OWN,
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY
IN ADDITION TO THOSE WE SPONSOR. I KNOW SOME
DOOLEY
AMERICAN STUDENTS STUDYING HERE IN HUNGARY ARE WITH
US TODAY. ALSO EXCITING FOR US IS THE DEVELOPMENT
SECSTATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
OF MANY PRIVATELY-SPONSORED PROGRAMS FOR YOUNG HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS, VHO OFTEN SPEND A SEMESTER OR A YEAR
DEPT PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE
IN EACH OTHER'S HOMES, LEARNING ABOUT EACH OTHER'S
COUNTRIES IN A FAMILY SETTING. WE ENTHUSIASTICALLY
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
APPLAUD THE MANY PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
TAGS: OVIP, HU
WHO MAKE THESE PROGRAMS POSSIBLE.
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
TODAY I AM VERY PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THAT THE UNITED
STATES INFORMATION AGENCY IS GOING TO GRANT THREE
D
2/4
SECTION 03 OF 06 BUDAPEST 05597
HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS TO SUPPORT SIX NEW YOUTH
EXCHANGES WITH HUNGARY. SOME HERE IN THIS AUDIENCE
EXDIS
WILL BE GOING TO THE UNITED STATES.
THE STUDY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN HUNGARY HAS
SAME TIME, STABILITY WITHOUT CHANGE IS NOT POSSIBLE.
BECOME WILDLY POPULAR, AND WE HAVE BEEN ASKED BY THE
A MAJOR AND VERY DRAMATIC PART OF THE LIBERALIZATION
HUNGARIAN GOVERNMENT TO SUPPORT IT.
OF THE HUNGARIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM AND THE RETURN OF
THEREFORE IT IS WITH PARTICULAR PLEASURE THAT
RIGHTS TO THE PEOPLE HERE HAS BEEN THE DECISION LAST
BT
YEAR OF THE GOVERNMENT OF HUNGARY TO LIBERALIZE THE
#5597
RESTRICTIONS ON THE TRAVEL OF ITS CITIZENS. WE
NNNN
WELCOME THE DRAFT LEGISLATION THE GOVERNMENT HAS
PREPARED THAT WILL RECOGNIZE THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
OF HUNGARIANS TO EMIGRATE LEGALLY IF THEY SO WISH.
ON THE BASIS OF THIS CHANGE IN HUNGARIAN LAW, MY
ADMINISTRATION WILL SUPPORT THE EXTENSION OF MULTI-
YEAR MOST-FAVORED-NATION STATUS TO HUNGARY.
MEANWHILE, WE ARE DOING ALL WE CAN TO PROMOTE THE
VISITS OF AMERICANS HERE AND OF HUNGARIANS TO OUR
COUNTRY, IN THE BELIEF THAT SUCH PRIVATE CONTACTS
STRENGTHEN THE CAUSE OF PEACE BY BUILDING PRACTICAL
COOPERATION IN A THOUSAND DIFFERENT FIELDS AND
MUTUAL INTEREST. I UNDERSTAND THAT LAST YEAR OVER
ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND AMERICANS CAME HERE, AND THAT OVER
TWENTY THOUSAND HUNGARIANS WENT TO AMERICA. WE ARE
DELIGHTED TO SEE THE PEOPLE OF HUNGARY EXERCISING
THEIR RIGHT TO TRAVEL AND TO HAVE FREE CONTACT WITH
PEOPLE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES. IN ORDER TO MAKE SUCH
CONTACTS EASIER ON BOTH SIDES, I AM PLEASED TO
ANNOUNCE TWO NEW AGREEMENTS WITH YOUR GOVERNMENT--
ON TOURISM AND CIVILIAN AIR TRAFFIC.
ON ALL FRONTS WE ARE ENCOURAGING THIS KIND OF DIRECT
CONTACT. HUNGARY HAS BEEN ONE OF THE LEADING WARSAW
PACT NATIONS IN SUPPORTING CONTACTS BETWEEN OUR
RESPECTIVE MILITARY PEOPLE. THROUGH THESE CONTACTS,
AMERICAN AND HUNGARIAN MILITARY PERSONNEL ARE
STEADILY IMPROVING THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF EACH OTHER'S
CONFIDENTIAL
CONF IDENT
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY
PARIS
PAGE 01
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PRICES TO WORLD LEVELS. BUT IT HAS BEEN A SLOW
ACTION MNE-01
PROCESS AND MUCH REMAINS TO BE DONE.
INFO AMB-01 DCM-01 POL-01 ESA-04 READ-01 CPU-01 GEP-01
THE UNITED STATES IS WILLING TO BE A PARTNER IN THE
USI-01 RSO-01 DAO-01 FIN-01 SCI-01 CGN-01 LAB-01 ORA-01
REFORM PROCESS, IN A TRUE EFFORT TO ESTABLISH HUNGARY
PRS-01 AGR-01 STC-01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
AS AN EFFECTIVE ECONOMY, INTEGRATED INTO THE WORLD
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PAO-01 SC10-01
ECONOMY AND TRADING SYSTEM. WE WANT TO HELP YOU
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01 PER-01 CPO-01
CREATE THE INFRASTRUCTURE NECESSARY FOR THAT, AND TO
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
HELP YOU ADDRESS YOUR DEBT PROBLEMS. IN RETURN, WE
REQUIRE ONLY THAT THE REFORM PROCESS BY GENUINE, AND
VZCZCPA0581DKA982 BM
01-JUN-89
TOR:
15:52
NOT A MATTER OF RHETORIC UNSUBSTANTIATED BY REAL
00 RUFHER
CN: 03552
ACTION.
DE RUDKDA #5597 1521537
CHRG: PROG
TODAY I AM ANNOUNCING A NUMBER OF CONCRETE STEPS WE
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
HAVE MAPPED OUT IN THIS AREA. THESE STEPS WILL OPEN
0 011535Z JUN 89
ADD:
UP TRADE BETWEEN OUR TWO COUNTRIES, WILL FOSTER
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
SENSIBLE INVESTMENT, AND WILL HELP TRAIN A NEW
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1703
ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP.
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5927
FIRST, WE WILL, AS I HAVE SAID, PROPOSE TO THE
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8161
CONGRESS THIS FALL THAT HUNGARY BE GRANTED MULTI-YEAR
BT
MOST-FAVORED-NATION STATUS FOLLOWING ITS ADOPTION OF
BUDAPEST 05597
LEGISLATION ALLOWING FOR THE FREE EMIGRATION IF ITS
CITIZENS.
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY
SECOND, WE ARE INCLUDING HUNGARY IN THE GENERAL
DOOLEY
SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES, WHICH PROVIDES TARIFF
PREFERENCES TO DEVELOPING ECONOMIES.
SECSTATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
-- THIRD, MY ADMINISTRATION IS EXTENDING THE TRADE
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO HUNGARY. THE FIRST TDP
DEPT PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE
PROJECT HERE WILL BE HELPING TO FUND PLANNING FOR
THE REDEVELOPMENT OF BORSOD COUNTY. SIMILAR
USIA FOR EU:JORIA
PROGRAMS HAVE HELPED MOVE DEPRESSED REGIONS INTO
NEW AREAS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND AWAY FROM LOSS-
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
MAKING ENTERPRISES
TAGS: OVIP, HU
FOURTH, MY ADMINISTRATION IS ALSO SUPPORTING THE
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
EXTENSION OF THE PROGRAMS OF THE OVERSEAS PRIVAT
INVESTMENT CORPORATION TO HUNGARY TO ENCOURAGE
RPTED FYA
AMERICAN INVESTMENT IN SENSIBLE, WELL-MANAGED,
FINANCIALLY SOUND ENTERPRIESES.
SECTION 04 OF 06 BUDAPEST 05597
TO HELP FOSTER TRADE IN BOTH DIRECTIONS, MY
ADMINISTRATION HAS AGREED TO ALLOW THE GOVERNMENT OF
EXDIS
HUNGARY TO OPEN A TRADE OFFICE ON THE WEST COAST.
I AM ALSO PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THE ESTABLISHMENT
DEPT PASS TO WHITE HOUSE FOR STUDDERT AND KELLER
BY THE AMERICAN INVESTMENT COMPANY BEARS-STEARN OF
NSC FOR BLACKWILL
A SPECIAL INVESTMENT FUND TO BE CALLED THE "HUNGARY
EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
FUND." THIS PRIVATE INITIATIVE WILL BUY STOCK IN
HUNGARIAN COMPANIES AND HELP DEVELOP THE BUDDING
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
STOCK MARKET AND FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM IN THIS
TAGS: OVIP, HU
COUNTRY.
SUBJECT: SUGGESTED TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
THE GREAT STRENGTH OF AMERICA IS OUR PRIVATE COMPANIES.
I AM THEREFORE PLEASED TO BE ABLE TO ANNOUNCE THAT
ANNOUNCE THAT WE ARE SENDING 20 PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS
BT
TO HUNGARY TO TEACH ENGLISH-ONE FOR EACH OF YOUR 19
#5597
COUNTIES AND FOR BUDAPEST. THIS IS THE FIRST PEACE
NNNN
CORPS PROGRAM IN AN EAST CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRY.
THE U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY IS PROVIDING TEACHERS
AND TRAINING AS WELL.
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAS BECOME MORE THAN THE
VEHICLE FOR THE CULTURES OF THE COUNTRIES TO WHICH
IT IS NATIVE--IT IS NOW THE ACCEPTED LANGUAGE OF
INTERNATIONAL TRADE. GOOD HUNGARIAN MANAGERS AND
BUSINESS PEOPLE MUST BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE ABROAD
IN ORDER TO DEVELOP YOUR TRADE, AND SO I HOPE THESE
TEACHERS WILL BE PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF
HUNGARIAN BUSINESS AS THEY TEACH THE BEAUTIES OF
SHAKESPEARE AND HEMINGWAY.
THE HUNGARIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE
SEE THE NEED FOR BOTH ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORM
TO ENABLE HUNGARY ONCE AGAIN TO JOIN THE DEVELOPED,
DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITY OF NATIONS. HUNGARY IS AT THE
FOREFRONT OF ECONOMIC REFORM IN THIS REGION. STEPS
HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO ENCOURAGE PRIVATIZATION, FOREIGN
INVESTMENT, LIBERALIZE IMPORTS, AND GRADUALLY REALIGN
CONF IDENT
CONF DENT
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY
PARIS
PAGE 01
BUDAPEST 005597
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FOR NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
ACTION MNE-01
FINALLY, I AM PARTICULARLY PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE TODAY
INFO AMB-01 DCM-01 POL-01 ESA-04 READ-01 CPU-01 GEP-01
THAT WE WILL BE OPENING, WITHIN THE NEXT TWO YEARS,
USI-01 RSO-01 DAO-01 FIN-01 SCI-01 CGN-01 LAB-01 ORA-01
AN AMERICA HOUSE IN THE CENTER OF BUDAPEST. THIS
PRS-01 AGR-01 STC-01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
NEW CENTER WILL HELP HUNGARIANS TO BECOME MORE
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PAO-01 SC10-01
FAMILIAR WITH AMERICAN CULTURE AND WILL ALSO
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01 PER-01 CPO-01
PROMOTE OUR TRADE RELATIONS. THE FACILITY WILL
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
INCLUDE A WELL EQUIPPED LIBRARY, A CULTURAL CENTER
AND SPACE FOR COMMERCIAL EXHIBITIONS. THE CELEBRATED
VZCZCPAO584DKA984 BM
01-JUN-89 TOR: 15:53
AMERICAN ARCHITECT ROBERT STERN,
00 RUFHER
CN: 03555
PLANS FOR THIS CENTER, WHICH WE INTEND
DE RUDKDA #5597 1521539
CHRG: PROG
TO BE A NOTABLE ADDITION TO YOUR CITY OF GREAT
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
BUILDINGS ARE BEING RELEASED TODAY.
0 011539Z JUN 89
ADD:
I DON'T WANT TO TRY TO FOOL YOU. YOU KNOW AS WELL
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
AS I DO THAT ALL THESE EFFORTS ALONE ARE NOT GOING
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1704
TO SOLVE THE VERY SERIOUS DIFFICULTIES LYING AHEAD
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5928
OF THIS COUNTRY AS YOU SEEK TO MAKE UP FOR MANY
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8162
YEARS OF POLITICAL REPRESSION AND POOR ECONOMIC
BT
POLICIES WHICH WERE BASED ON IDEOLOGY RATHER THAN
BUDAPEST 05597
REALITY. YOU KNOW THAT TURNING THIS COUNTRY AROUND
WILL TAKE HARD EFFORT, AS WELL AS SUPPORT FROM YOUR
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY
FRIENDS.
DOOLEY
BUT WE, YOUR FRIENDS IN THE UNITED STATES, BELIEVE
THAT THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE, RELEASED FROM THE
SECSTATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
RESTRAINTS ON YOUR INITIATIVE AND RESOURCEFULNESS,
ARE EQUAL TO THIS CHALLENGE. FOR TOO MANY YEARS
DEPT PLEASE PASSTO WHITE HOUSE
WE IN THE WEST HAVE HAD TO STAND BY AND WATCH THE
SUFFERING OF THE PEOPLES OF EASTERN EUROPE UNDER
USIA FOR EU:JORIA
REPRESSIVE GOVERNMENTS, EFFECTIVE IN LITTLE BEYOND
HOLDING DOWN DISSENT AND KEEPING THEMSELVES IN POWER.
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
THOSE DAYS ARE OVER, AND IT IS TIME TO GO FORWARD.
TAGS: OVIP, HU
WHEN I VISITED THIS COUNTRY IN 1983, I SAW A VASTLY
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXTS OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
DIFFERENT HUNGARY FROM THE ONE I SEE TODAY. TODAY
I SEE A COUNTRY IN WHICH THE RIGHTS OF MAN ARE
RPT FYA
BEGINNING TO BE RESPECTED, AS THEY HAVE NOT BEEN
FOR MANY YEARS. I SEE A COUNTRY IN FERMENT, WHERE
0
DENTIA
SECTION 05 OF 06 BUDAPEST 05597
THERE IS FREE AND OPEN DEBATE ABOUT THE PAST AND THE
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
FUTURE. I SEE A COUNTRY WHICH HAS GONE FURTHER ALONG
TAGS: OVIP, HU
THE ROAD TO REFORM THAN ANY OTHER IN THIS REGION.
SUBJECT: SUGGESTED TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S SPEECH
I SEE A COUNTRY RICH IN HUMAN RESOURCES, AND RICH
IN THE MORAL POWER AND DEEP COURAGE OF ITS PEOPLE.
NINE MAJOR AMERICAN COMPANIES ARE CONCLUDING NEW
I SEE A NATION THAT IS EMERGING FROM THE PAST, AND
DEALS IN HUNGARY.
BUILDING ITS FUTURE. I CONGRATULATE YOU ON LIVING
A NEW BOUNTY OF GOODS WILL COME FROM THESE DEALS FOR
BT
THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE-GENERAL MOTORS CARS, ESTEE LAUDER
#5597
PERFUMES, SCHWINN BICYCLES, LEVI STRAUSS JEANS, DOW
NNNN
STYROFOAM, GUARDIAN GLASS, REMINGTON SHAVERS, JOHNSON
AND JOHNSON'S HEALTH PRODUCTS, A NEW MARRIOTT HOTEL.
THIS WILL INCREASE AMERICAN EXPORTS TO HUNGARY AND
HUNGARIAN EXPORTS TO EUROPE.
THIS IS A MAJOR ADVANCE IN OUR BUSINESS PRESENCE IN
YOUR COUNTRY. IT WILL MEAN A TENFOLD INCREASE IN
THE NUMBER OF AMERICAN BUSINESSMEN HERE.
I ALSO WISH TO NOTE THE SALE TO HUNGARY THIS WEEK
OF 50 MILLION DOLLARS OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES.
NOW WOULD LIKE TO TALK ABOUT A PROJECT THAT I
BELIEVE IS ESSENTIAL TO THE KIND OF PROGRESS WE WANT
TO PROMOTE HERE IN HUNGARY. COUPLE OF YEARS AGO,
THE UNITED STATES HELPED TO ESTABLISH THE INTER-
NATIONAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE TO HELP TRAIN HUNGARIAN
MANAGERS IN WESTERN BUSINESS METHODS. TODAY I WOULD
LIKE TO ANNOUNCE WITH YOUR GOVERNMENT THAT WE ARE
OPENING A NEW CENTER TO PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF
SMALL PRIVATE BUSINESSES IN HUNGARY. WE BELIEVE THAT
IT IS IN THIS SECTOR THAT THE TRUE GENIUS AND
CREATIVITY OF THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE STANDS OUT. CALLED
THE HUNGARIAN ENTERPRISE GROUP, THE CENTER WILL HELP
TO MATCH UP VENTURE CAPITAL BOTH FOREIGN AND HUNGARIAN,
WITH SMALL BUSINESS PEOPLE WITH GOOD, INNOVATIVE IDEAS
CONFIDENTIAL-
CONF IDENT
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY PARIS
PAGE 01
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ACTION MNE-01
INFO
AMB-01
DCM-01
POL-01
ESA-04
READ-01
CPU-01
GEP-01
USI-01
RSO-01
DAO-01
FIN-01
SCI-01
CGN-01
LAB-01
ORA-01
PRS-01
AGR-01
STC-01
EXT-01
FCS-01
BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
DCMO-01
MIL-01
MINE-01
INV-01
AID-01
PAO-01
SCIO-01
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01
PER-01
CPO-01
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
VZCZCPA0582DKA983
BM
01-JUN-89
TOR: 15:52
OO RUFHER
CN: 03553
DE RUDKDA #5597 1521541
CHRG: PROG
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
o 011541Z JUN 89
ADD:
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1705
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5929
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8163
BT
G
2
N
BUDAPEST 05597
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY
DOOLEY
SECSTATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
DEPT PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE
USIA FOR EU: JORIA
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: OVIP, HU
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH' S SPEECH
FOL MSG RPTED FYA
G
N
E
N
A
SECTION 06 OF 06 BUDAPEST 05597
EXDIS
DEPT PASS TO WHITE HOUSE FOR STUDDERT AND KELLER
NSC FOR BLACKWILL
EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: OVIP, HU
SUBJECT: SUGGESTED TEXT OF PRESIDENT BUSH' S SPEECH
AT SUCH A TIME, AND I AND THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA
WISH YOU WELL. END QUOTE.
PALMER UNQUOTE
PALMER
BT
#5597
NNNN
CONFIDENTIAL
UNCLASSIFIED
INCOMING
AMEMBASSY
PARIS
PAGE 01
BUDAPEST øø5883
XMA708
BUDAPEST 005883
XMA708
01/1530Z
A FREE, DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY.
ACTION MNE-01
INFO AMB-01 DCM-01 POL-01 ESA-04 READ-01 CPU-01 GEP-01
A LONG CAREER IN BOTH BUSINESS AND PUBLIC LIFE HAS
USI-01 RSO-01 DAO-01 FIN-01 SCI-01 CGN-01 LAB-01 ORA-01
LEFT ME CERTAIN ABOUT ONE THING: THERE IS VERY LITTLE
PRS-01 AGR-01 STC-01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
THAT THE INDIVIDUAL-AN SOCIETY AS A WHOLE--CANNOT
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PA0-01 SC10-01
ACCOMPLISH IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF POLITICAL AND
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01 PER-01 CPO-01
ECONOMIC FREEDOM.
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
THAT I EMPHASIZE BOTH TYPES OF FREEDOM IS NO
VZCZCPAO538DKA959 BM
01-JUN-89 TOR: 15:25
ACCIDENT. LIKE MOST AMERICANS, I AM CONVINCED THAT
00 RUFHFR
CN: 03509
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM CANNOT BE SEPARATED
DE RUDKDA #5883 1521458
CHRG: PROG
FROM EACH OTHER. IF THERE IS ANYTHING THAT THE
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
DIST: VIP
HISTORY OF THE 20TH CENTURY TEACHES US IT IS THAT A
0 011456Z JUN 89
ADD:
NATION CANNOT ENJOY POLITICAL FREEDOM IF ITS ECONOMY
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
IS BEING CRUSHED BY THE DEAD WEIGHT OF STATE
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1696
INTERFERENCE. AT THE SAME TIME, WE HAVE SEEN THAT
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8154
ECONOMIC DYNAMISM REMAINS ROOTLESS AND FRAGILE IF IT
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5920
IS NOT ACCOMPANIED BY DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL
RUEHWR/AMEMBASSY WARSAW 1957
INSTITUTIONS.
P&C-3 AMB DCM, CONS CHRON
BT
I KNOW THAT HUNGARIANS, NO LESS THAN AMERICANS, VALUE
UNCLAS BUDAPEST 05883
BOTH POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM. HUNGARIANS,
LIKE AMERICANS, WANT A SOCIETY IN WHICH THE RIGHTS OF
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: KELLER, FENDLER,
THE INDIVIDUAL ARE INVIOLABLE, IN WHICH GOVERNMENT
DOOLEY
SERVES AND IS CONTROLLED BY THE PEOPLE, AND IN WHICH
THE ECONOMY IS ALLOWED TO DEVELOP FREE FROM THE
USIA FOR E/CBF: WELCH; E/CB; EU: JURIA
SHACKLES OF STATE CONTROL.
STATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
WE IN THE UNITED STATES ARE HAPPY TO SEE THE PROGRESS
HUNGARY HAS MADE TOWARD ACHIEVING SUCH A SOCIETY. WE
WARSAW FOR P AND C
STRONGLY SUPPORT THE PROCESS OF REFORM CURRENTLY
UNDERWAY AND HOPE THAT IT WILL CONTINUE UNABATED.
E.O. 12356: N/A
THE EMERGENCE OF A MULTIPARTY SYSTEM, THE
TAGS:
CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW CONSTITUTION THAT WILL LIMIT
SUBJECT: HUNGARIAN EDITION OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S
THE POWERS OF THE STATE AND GUARANTEE THE RIGHTS OF
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
ALL CITIZENS, THE OPENING OF THE NATION'S BORDERS,
THE MELTING AWAY OF TABOOS IN THE PRESS AS WELL AS IN
REF: (A) BUDAPEST 5287; (B) BUDAPEST 5727
RADIO AND TELEVISION, THE WITHDRAWAL OF STATE
BUREAUCRACY FROM THE MARKETPLACE, THE GROWTH OF THE
1. FOR WHITE HOUSE: HUNGARIANS ARE MOVING AHEAD AT
FULL THROTTLE ON PROJECT DESCRIBED IN REFTELS A AND
ECONOMY'S DYNAMIC PRIVATE SECTOR--THESE ARE ALL
B, TO TRANSLATE AND PUBLISH PRESIDENT BUSH'S
EXCELLENT DEVELOPMENTS. IF THEY ARE NUTURED AND ARE
AUTOBIOGRAPHY "LOOKING FORWARD" BEFORE HIS ARRIVAL
ALLOWED TO BEAR FRUIT, THEN HUNGARY'S FUTURE LOOKS
HERE IN JULY. PROJECT CONTINUES TO HAVE STRONG
VERY BRIGHT INDEED.
SUPPORT OF HUNGARIAN MFA. TRANSLATION IS ALMOST
COMPLETE. HUNGARIANS WANT TO GET BOOK TO PRESS ON OR
THE ANNALS OF HUNGARIAN HISTORY CONTAIN MANY
AROUND JUNE 7. USIA WASHINGTON IS WORKING ON
IMPRESSIVE CHAPTERS. AND WHEN I LOOK AT THE
OBTAINING RIGHTS FOR BOOK FOR HUNGARIAN PUBLISHER.
INTELLIGENCE, THE DETERMINATION, AND THE
INDUSTRIOUSNESS OF HUNGARIANS TODAY I HAVE NO DOUBT
2. AS NOTED IN REFTEL B, WE WOULD LIKE HUNGARIAN
THAT MANY BRIGHT CHAPTERS LIE AHEAD OF YOU. IF THE
EDITION TO OPEN WITH A BRIEF "MESSAGE TO THE
PROCESSES CURRENTLY IN MOTION ARE ALLOWED TO GAIN
HUNGARIAN PEOPLE" FROM THE PRESIDENT. HUNGARIANS
MOMENTUM, IF BOTH POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM
AGREE AND PLAN TO PLACE ON THE FRONT COVER OF THE
CONTINUE TO GROW, THEN I'M CONVINCED THAT YOUR
COUNTRY WILL EXPERIENCE A REMARKABLE SURGE OF
BOOK A TRIANGLE, MADE OUT OF THE U.S. AND HUNGARIAN
NATIONAL ENERGY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. THERE ARE
FLAGS, CONTAINING THE PHRASE: "WITH A MESSAGE TO THE
TALENTS AND SKILLS IN ABUNDANCE HERE. IF THEY ARE
HUNGARIAN PEOPLE FROM PRESIDENT BUSH."
ALLOWED TO BLOSSOM IN FREEDOM, THEN HUNGARY AS A
NATION WILL WRITE ITS OWN SUCCESS STORY IN THE
3. THE FOLLOWING IS SUGGESTED TEXT FOR THE
DECADES TO COME. (END PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE)
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. WE WOULD APPRECIATE RECEIVING
YOUR COMMENTS AND REVISIONS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
5. FOR USIA: REQUEST INFORMATION REGARDING
COPYRIGHT SITUATION SOONEST. PALMER
4. A MESSAGE TO THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE
BT
#5883
I AM VERY PLEASED AND VERY PROUD TO SEE A HUNGARIAN
NNNN
EDITION OF MY AUTOBIOGRAPHY. I HOPE THAT HUNGARIAN
READERS WILL REGARD THIS BOOK NOT JUST AS AN ACCOUNT
OF MY OWN INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT BUT ALSO AS A
PORTRAYAL OF THE TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES FOR
ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-FULFILLMENT THAT ARE PRESENT IN
UNCLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIAL
INCUMING
AMEMBASSY
PARIS
PAGE 01
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SPOKE ABOUT "THE IMMENSE POWER OF THE IDEA TO BE
ACTION MNE-01
RIGHT." THE POWER OF THE IDEA, OF THE RIGHT
INFO AMB-01 DCM-01 POL-01 ESA-04 READ-01 CPU-01 GEP-01
IS BEING DEMONSTRATED NOWHERE BETTER THAN TODAY IN
USI-01 RSO-01 DAO-01 FIN-01 SCI-01 CGN-01 LAB-01 ORA-01
THIS CITY ON THE DANUBE, WHERE WE ARE SEEING SO
PRS-01 AGR-01 STC-01 EXT-01 FCS-01 BFO-01 INT-01 SECD-01
MANY CHANGES. THE WORLD WATCHES WITH US AS HUNGARY
DCMO-01 MIL-01 MINE-01 INV-01 AID-01 PAO-01 SC10-01
IS TRANSFORMED, AS DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM ARE AT
APER-01 POLD-01 TVU-03 ADM-03 GSO-01 PER-01 CPO-01
LAST COMING INTO THEIR OWN.
CCO-01 USS-01 ISS-01 PCHD-01 /049
AT THIS TIME WHEN WE EAGERLY LOOK TOWARD A BRIGHTER
VZCZCPA0536DKA957
BM
01-JUN-89 TOR: 15:24
FUTURE FOR THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE, IT IS APPROPRIATE
00 RUFHER
CN: 03507
ALSO TO LOOK BACK AT THE BRAVE MEN AND WOMEN WHO
DE RUDKDA #5635 1521508
CHRG: PROG
HAVE FOUGHT SO VALIANTLY IN THE NAME OF FREEDOM.
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: VIP
WE KNOW THE NAME OF KOSSUTH AND OF THE TWO PRIME
0 011505Z JUN 89
ADD:
MINISTERS WHO STROVE FOR DEMOCRACY -- LAJOS BATTHYANY
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
IN 1848 AND INRE NAGY IN 1956, AND WHO ARE COMMEMORATED
TO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1698
WITH AN ETERNAL FLAME JUST TWO BLOCKS FROM HERE.
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5922
BUT THERE WERE MANY OTHERS WHOSE NAMES WE DO NOT
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC 8156
KNOW, WHO STRUGGLED TO MAKE HUNGARY FREE.
BT
-
D
BUDAPEST 05635
WE SALUTE THOSE BRAVE PATRIOTS.
PARIS PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE: SPEECHWRITER PEGGY
MY FRIENDS, I WOULD LIKE TO SAY A SPECIAL GREETING NOW
DOOLEY
TO THE AMERICANS, MANY OF HUNGARIAN BACKGROUND, WHO
HAVE COME TO WELCOME ME THIS EVENING. YOU KNOW, IN
SECSTATE FOR EUR/EEY FOR SWIHART
AMERICA WE HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO CAN TRACE
DEPT PLEASE PASS TO WHITE HOUSE
THEIR ANCESTRY TO HUNGARY. AMERICA HAS BEEN ENRICHED
BY THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THESE HARD-WORKING PEOPLE,
USIA FOR EU: JORIA
FROM THE MINERS AND FARMERS WHO SETTLED IN CLEVELAND,
OHIO, TO THE $CIENTISTS, ARTISTS, MUSICIANS, AND
FOL TEL SENT SECSTATE ON 26 MAY BEING REPEATED TO YOU, QUOTE:
OTHERS WHO, PROSPERING IN THEIR NEW LAND, GAVE BACK
AS MUCH OR MORE THAN THEY RECEIVED. PEOPLE LIKE
AL
SECTION 01 OF 02 BUDAPEST 05635
CONDUCTORS AND COMPOSERS GEORGE SZELL AND EUGENE
ORMANDY, MOVIE DIRECTOR MICHAEL CURTIZ AND PRODUCER
FOR EUR/EEY
ALEXANDER KORDA, PLAYWRIGHT FERENC MOLNAR, SCIENTISTS
EDWARD TELLER AND ALBERT SZENT-GYORGYI, MEMBER
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
OF CONGRESS TOM LANTOS, FINANCIER GEORGE SOROS, AND
TAGS: OVIP (BUSH, GEORGE), HU
HISTORIAN JOHN LUKACS, AMONG OTHERS. THESE
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXT OF ARRIVAL REMARKS AT THE KOSSUTH
HUNGARIAN-AMERICANS HAVE GIVEN MUCH TO US, AND NOW
STATUE
MANY OF THEM ARE GIVING BACK TO THEIR OLD HOME
AS WELL.
1.
CONFIDENTIAL
ENTIRE TEXT.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, AS THE FIRST AMERICAN PRESIDENT
2. BELOW IS THE DRAFT TEXT OF ARRIVAL REMARKS BY
TO VISIT HUNGARY WHILE STILL IN OFFICE, I BRING YOU
PRESIDENT BUSH AT THE KOSSUTH STATUE.
THE WARM WISHES OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. ONE HUNDRED
AND FORTY YEARS AGO, THE WHOLE WORLD LOOKED IN
3. BEGIN TEXT:
ADMIRATION AS THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE ROSE UP IN
REVOLUTION. TODAY WE WATCH IN RESPECT AS ANOTHER
MR. PRESIDENT, MY HUNGARIAN AND AMERICAN FRIENDS:
REVOLUTION IS GOING ON IN HUNGARY. TODAY A PEACEFUL
REVOLUTION IS BRINGING THOSE THINGS TO HUNGARY
THANK YOU FOR THIS VERY WARM WELCOME ON MY RETURN TO
FOR WHICH THE GREAT KOSSUTH STRUGGLED SO HARD. THE
HUNGARY. MAY I SAY HOW VERY HAPPY I AM TO BE BACK
REFORM PROCES$ THAT IS MAKING THIS COUNTRY FAMOUS
HERE IN YOUR EXTRAORDINARY COUNTRY.
ONCE AGAIN CAN BRING WHAT WE ALL OF US, WHEREVER
WE LIVE, WANT FOR OURSELVES AND OUR CHILDREN
AS I LOOK AROUND THIS SQUARE THIS EVENING I CAN SEE
WHY BUDAPEST IS FAMOUS AS ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL
DEMOCRACY, PEACE, A DECENT STANDARD OF LIVING, AND
CAPITALS OF THE WORLD. AND I AM REMINDED THAT IT IS
FREEDOM TO DETERMINE OUR OWN FATES. I BRING YOU
A CITY FULL OF HISTORY, NOWHERE PERHAPS MORE SO THAN
TONIGHT THE HOPES OF MY PEOPLE THAT THIS PROCESS
IN THIS SQUARE NAMED-AFTER YOUR GREAT PATRIOT,
WILL GO FORWARD IN PEACE.
LAJOS KOSSUTH.
GOOD EVENING.
IN A FEW MINUTES I WILL BE RECEIVED IN YOUR PARLIAMENT
PALMER
BUILDING; ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY YEARS AGO MR. KOSSUTH
BT
WAS RECEIVED IN OUR CONGRESS. IN HIS REMARKS TO THE
#5635
CONGRESSMEN WHO WELCOMED HIM, MR. KOSSUTH SPOKE
NNNN
ELOQUENTLY ABOUT THE STRIVING OF THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE
FOR FREEDOM. HE NOTED "WE HUNGARIANS ARE VERY FOND
OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUNICIPAL SELF-GOVERNMENT; AND
WE HAVE A NATURAL HORROR AGAINST THE PRINCIPLE OF
DECLASSIFIED
CENTRALIZATION." HE STRESSED THAT "BAYONETS MAY
Department of State Guidelines
SUPPORT, BUT AFFORD NO CHAIR TO SIT UPON." KOSSUTH
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B), July 21, 1997
By
H
NARA, Date
CONF IDENTIA
CONFIDENTIAL
BUDAPEST 005834/01
ACTION MNE-2 INFO DCM CPU
VZCZCPA0332DKA744 JS
01 -JUN-89 TOR: 11:26
00 RUFHFR
CN: 03303
DE RUDKDA #5834/01 1521032
CHRG: PROG
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
DIST: MISC
0 0110302 JUN 89
ADD:
FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 5876
INFO RUFHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 1689
BT
CONFIDENTIAL
SECTION 01 CF 02 BUDAPEST 05834
DEPARTMENT FOR EUR/EEY
PARIS FOR PEGGY DOOLEY, WHITE HOUSE ADVANCE TEAM
E.O. 12356: DECL:0ADR
TAGS: OVIP (BUSH, GEORGE)R HU
SUBJECT: DRAFT TEXT OF ARRIVAL REMARKS AT THE
-
KOSSUTH STATUE
-
REF: BUDAPEST 5635
1. (CONFIDENTIAL ENTIRE TEXT.)
-
2. BELOW IS A REVISED DRAFT TEXT OF ARRIVAL REMARKS
BY PRESIDENT BUSH AT THE KOSSUTH STATUE. THE
PRESIDENT SHOULD, AT SOME POINT DURING HIS VISIT,
ADDRESS THE WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS FROM
HUNGARY AND THE PLANNED CUTBACKS IN THE HUNGARIAN
MILITARY. WE BELIEVE THAT THE MOST APPROPRIATE
PLACE TO DO THIS WOULD BE DURING HIS ARRIVAL REMARKS.
-
3. BEGIN TEXT.
MR. PRESIDENT, MY HUNGARIAN AND AMERICAN FRIENDS:
THANK YOU FOR THIS VERY WARM WELCOME ON MY RETURN
TO HUNGARY. MAY I SAY HOW VERY HAPPY I AM TC BE BACK
HERE IN YOUR EXTRAORDINARY COUNTRY.
AS I LOOK AROUND THIS SQUARE THIS EVENING, I CAN
SEE WHY BUDAPEST IS FAMOUS AS ONE OF THE MOST
BEAUTIFUL CAPITALS OF THE WORLD. AND I AM REMINDED
THAT IT IS A CITY FULL OF HISTORY, NOWHERE PERHAPS
MORE SO THAN IN THIS SQUARE NAMED AFTER YOUR GREAT
PATRIOT, LAJOS KOSSUTH.
IN A FEW MINUTES I WILL BE RECEIVED IN YOUR PARLIAMENT
BUILDING; ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY YEARS AGO MR. KOSSUTH
WAS RECEIVED IN OUR CONGRESS. IN HIS REMARKS TO
THE CONGRESSMEN WHO WELCOMED HIM, MR. KOSSUTH SPOKE
ELOQUENTLY ABOUT THE STRIVING OF THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE
DECLASSIFIED
FOR FREEIOM. HE NOTED WE HUNGARIANS ARE VERY FOND
Department of State Guidelines
OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUNICIPAL SELF-GOVERNMENT; AND
WE HAVE A NATURAL HORROR AGAINST THE PRINCIPLE OF
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B), July 21, 1997
CENTRALIZATION. HE STRESSED THAT BAYONETS MAY
By It NARA, Date 06/02/23
CONFIDENTIAL
BUDAPEST 005834/01
CONFIDENTIAL
BUDAPEST 005834/01
SUPPORT, BUT AFFORD NO CHAIR TO SIT UPON. KOSSUTH
SPOKE ABOUT THE IMMENSE POWER OF THE IDEA TC BE
RIGHT. THE POWER OF THE IDEA, OF THE RIGHT IS
BEING DEMONSTRATED NOWHERE BETTER THAN TODAY IN THIS
CITY ON THE DANUBE, WHERE WE ARE SEEING SO MANY
CHANGES. THE WORLD WATCHES WITH US AS HUNGARY IS
TRANSFORMED, AS DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM ARE AT
LAST COMING INTO THEIR OWN.
AT THIS TIME WHEN WE EAGERLY LOOK FORWARD TO A BRIGHTER
FUTURE FOR THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE, IT IS APPROPRIATE
ALSO TO LOOK BACK AT THE BRAVE MEN AND WOMEN WHO
HAVE FOUGHT so VALIANTLY IN THE NAME OF FREEDOM. WE
KNOW THE NAME OF KOSSUTH AND OF THE TWO PRIME
MINISTERS WHO STROVE FOR DEMOCRACY -- LAJOS BATTHYANY
IN 1848 AND IMRE NAGY IN 1956, AND WHO ARE COMMEMORATED
WITH AN ETERNAL FLAME JUST TWC BLOCKS FROM HERE. BUT
THERE WERE MANY OTHERS WHOSE NAMES WE DO NOT KNOW,
WHO STRUGGLED TO MAKE HUNGARY FREE.
-
WE SALUTE THOSE BRAVE PATRIOTS.
PEACE, FREEDOM AND PROSPERITY GO HAND-IN-HAND.
HUNGARIANS WHO THROUGHOUT THE CENTURIES HAVE
SUFFERED SO MUCH FROM THE RAVAGES OF WAR RECOGNIZE
THIS. TODAY, AS EAST-WEST TENSIONS SUBSIDE, YOU
SEE THAT YOU ARE NOW LIVING IN A MORE PEACEFUL
WORLD. HUNGARY FACES NO MILITARY THREAT FROM ACROSS
ITS WESTERN BORDERS AND YOUR GOVERNMENT HAS ACTED
ON ITS RECOGNITION OF THIS FACT. WE WELCOME THE
WITHERAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS THAT HAS TAKEN PLACE
AND THE PLANNED CUT BACKS IN THE HUNGARIAN MILITARY,
AND WE HOPE THAT PROGRESS WILL CONTINUE ON THIS FRONT.
WE APPRECIATE THE POSITIVE HUNGARIAN CONTRIBUTIONS
IN SUCH FORA AS THE CONVENTIONAL ARMS REDUCTION
AND CONFIDENCE BUILDING TALKS NOW UNDERWAY IN
VIENNA.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, AS THE FIRST AMERICAN PRESIDENT
TO VISIT HUNGARY WHILE STILL IN OFFICE, I BRING YOU
THE WARM WISHES OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. ONE HUNDRED
AND FORTY YEARS AGO, THE WHOLE WORLD LOOKED IN
ADMIRATION AS THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE ROSE UP IN
REVOLUTION, AND I AM CONSCIOUS, AS I LOOK OUT ON
C 0 N F I D E N I I
BUDAPEST
005834/01
CONFTDENTIA I SECTION 02 OF 02 BUDAPEST 05834
THIS SQUARE, THAT 43 YEARS AGO, PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATORS
WERE SHOT DOWN HERE. TODAY WE WATCH IN RESPECT AS
ANOTHER REVOLUTION IS GOING ON IN HUNGARY. TODAY A
PEACEFUL REVOLUTION IS BRINGING THOSE THINGS TO
HUNGARY FOR WHICH THE GREAT KOSSUTH STRUGGLED so
HARD. THE REFORM PROCESS THAT IS MAKING THIS
COUNTRY FAMOUS ONCE AGAIN CAN BRING WHAT WE ALL
OF US, WHEREVER WE LIVE, WANT FOR OURSELVES AND OUR
CHILDREN -- DEMOCRACY, PEACE, A DECENT STANDARD
OF LIVING, AND FREEDCM TO DETERMINE OUR OWN FATES.
I BRING YOU TONIGHT THE HOPES OF MY PEOPLE THAT THIS
PROCESS WILL GO FORWARD IN PEACE.
GOOD EVENING.
PALMER
BT
#5834
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C 0 N F I D E N E I A I
BUDAPEST 005834/02
FOREIGN
BROADCAST
INFORMATION
WHITE HOUSE LIBRARY
SERVICE
AND
RESEARCH CENTER
Daily Report
East Europe
Peagn-
Hungary Toust INFO
FBIS-EEU-89-113
Wednesday
14 June 1989
FBIS-EEU-89-113
14 June 1989
HUNGARY
33
Grosz Speech at Roundtable Opening Session
political recognition of the Hungarian Socialist Workers'
LD1306185189 Budapest Domestic Service
Party, a significant part in this can be played by the
in Hungarian 1500 GMT 13 Jun 89
social organizations and movements present here and by
the constructive efforts of the parties which are now
[Speech by Karoly Grosz, general secretary of the Hun-
being formed. It is our resolute intention that we break
garian Socialist Workers Party, at the opening session of
with the remains of the Stalinist model in every respect.
roundtable talks between the MSZMP and the opposi-
The Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, together with
tion held in the Huntmen's Hall of the National Assem-
other political forces, intends to develop a democratic
bly in Budapest-live]
and socialist constitutional state which enforces the will
of the people.
[Text] Ladies and Gentlemen,
We expect from the economic and political reform steps
My esteemed fellow countrymen,
based on consensus that we shall successfully break out
of economic crisis and, instead of being permanently
Our hectic world of today does not have many hopeful
ousted to the periphery, we shall be able to approach the
events. Many people are anxious and uncertain about the
most developed regions of the world.
future. Therefore, on behalf of the Hungarian Socialist
Workers Party [MSZMP], let me greet all of those
Besides the universal values of peace and humanism, we
present with trust and hope. And also those, who, in our
are searching for socialist solutions which are at the same
country and abroad, will witness the beginning of genu-
time characteristically Hungarian. We respect our obli-
ine political talks on their television sets.
gations regarding our allies, and at the same time, we use
every effort to create a Europe without blocs.
It is known that during preparations there were substan-
tial differences of opinion between the parties regarding
Naturally, the joint work for a new Hungary, which is
the participants and the specifics of the questions to be
now beginning, does not mean that our responsibility for
discussed. As a result of the nature of this affair, agree-
the economic and political crisis that has developed is
ment is still incomplete. However, the responsibility felt
joint. The MSZMP must shoulder its past as a ruling
toward the fate of the nation-and this is what is
party, and also undertake that it will objectively reveal
decisive-proved to be stronger than the differences.
the lessons of its political practices in the recent past.
This revealing of facts first and foremost must be cred-
Only a few months ago, at the 1989 February session of the
ible, and in it, the previous simplifications cannot be
MSZMP Central Committee, we came to the conclusion
replaced by another kind of scheming of the opposite
that we have to find a peaceful transition to a representa-
portent. Therefore, we shall clarify what it is that we
tive democracy based on a multiparty system and which
accept from the legacy of the past period, and what it is
postulates competition among the parties. This decision of
that we wish to break with.
ours has met with the political goals of all of those whose
representatives are now seated at this common table. We
I would like to recall that it was precisely our party that
are responsible for the success of this venture not only
initiated such a facing up to our recent past. There are
before the Hungarian people, but also before the commu-
several reasons why we cannot accept a complete rejec-
nity of nations. Public opinion looks upon the fate of this
tion of the past 4 decades. On the one hand we cannot,
attempt with hope but also with concern.
because the 4 decades are a far from uniform period in
Hungarian history. We now hear a lot about its low
In our country, since May 1988, transformation of an
points, its tragedies. However, we hear little, or practi-
historic scale has been unfolding. We are gradually, but
cally nothing, about the fact that without the reform
at a quickening pace, moving away from a power struc-
efforts of the past decades, neither May of 1988, nor the
ture of exhausted inner resources which is no longer
current, qualitatively new phase, could have taken place.
repairable. The significant steps of political reform real-
ized hitherto signal this; they include the widening of
We also must recognize that the compromise, often
civil rights-among them being freedom of the press and
roll-back, limited reform policy, in its final result,
freedom of speech-the sudden increase in the number
proved to be stronger than the forces that were pulling
of political organizations and the resolute intention to
back. Although it was not always able to break through
realistically confront the often painful events of our
the Hungarian and international obstacles, the reform
recent past. It can be stated without exaggeration, and
nevertheless became an organic part of our thinking.
international public opinion also speaks about this
highly, that we have done more in this sphere during 1
A credible historical picture is also necessary because of
year than in decades preceding it.
our national self-esteem. If, led by daily political objec-
tives, we speak only about the mistakes and the crimes,
I would like to emphasize that it is not our intention
then we will gravely endanger every kind of resurgence.
either to overestimate or to monopolize the hitherto
For resurgence, there is a need for us to believe in the
results of the development of a democratic constitu-
sense of taking action, that not free of uncertainty either,
tional state. We are of the opinion that besides the real
we should hope for and want success.
FBIS-EEU-89-113
14 June 1989
34
HUNGARY
The objective revealing of facts must extend not just to
extend to every issue on the agenda. However, I am of
political events and to the work of public personalities—
the view that by all means we have to come to agreement
which are discussed a lot now-but also to the causes of
on the most important ones. In this interest, it is desir-
our economic crisis. For example, the country's indebt-
able that objectivity and a constructive intention aimed
edness is a historical legacy to which everything at
at solving the problems, should prevail at the talks. Let
present is interconnected and which determines every-
us leave declarations and oratorical duels for the election
thing. It is undeniable that bad investment decisions and
campaigns. For example, I do not view it to be construc-
the voluntarist excesses of economic growth played no
tive if we further continue the debate over the shape of
small role in the development of the current difficult
the table, or over the differing positions of the negotiat-
situation. However, it also pertains to the truth-al-
ing sides. The agreement that lays down the framework
though it does not ease our situation-that the decisive
of the substantive talks, and which was signed by every-
majority of the world's countries struggle with grave
one, unequivocally says: All three sides taking part in the
economic problems that resemble ours. Among them
talks are entitled to the same rights in the course of
there are many in which it is not a communist party that
forming a consensus. From this it follows that it is
is in power.
necessary to work out compromises, realistic drafts
which are acceptable for all three sides, so that the
We also must recognize that countries that are success-
political and economic system placed on new bases
fuly carrying out economic modernization and structural
should become operable as soon as possible.
transformation, have undertaken a series of conflicts,
and they are developing amid social tensions.
The tasks and principles pertaining to a democratic
The MSZMP considers it important that with this
political transition have more or less been sketched out.
knowledge, the participants should discuss strategic
The MSZMP agrees that the state's organs of force
issues of the economy. Economic and social policy tasks
should remain at a distance from the daily political
and the ways in which they are accomplished, depend in
struggles, and that laws should regulate their activity.
the long-term on the scope of maneuver that the fulfill-
However, let us also consider that arousing a mood
ment of national obligations allows for policy.
against the armed bodies has never been conducive a
peaceful transition.
Breaking out of the grave economic situation demands a
strong government and a social atmosphere that encour-
ages taking action, as well as a common will. Instead of
The MSZMP supports the parties' efforts to ensure that
abstract reform rhetoric, thorough professional coordi-
an adequate infrastructure provides fair conditions for
nation and the seeking of political compromise are
engaging in politics. In the case of laws related to the
necessary to work out a long-term economic strategy for
political transition-for example the party law, the law
stablization and more dynamic development.
on the Constitutional Court, the creation of the institu-
tion of president of the Republic, as well as the electoral
law-preparatory work is at a rather advanced phase. It
For this reason, the MSZMP considers it justified that at
would be sensible if we were to view the already worked-
the talks issues of economic strategy should figure with
out draft laws that have been made public as a basis for
the same weight as the transition to a democratic legal
talks. Naturally, any of the negotiating sides can avail
state. In this issue, the MSZMP is guided not by the
itself of new proposals.
otherwise unrealistic intention of averting responsibility
but, much rather, by the recognition that a peaceful
political transition to a multiparty system does not lead
The strategic issues regarding overcoming the economic
to destabilization or to the state and the economy
and social crisis, such as basic issues of handling the debt
becoming incapable of operating, only if social consen-
crisis, structural transformation, the concept of employ-
sus is reached about a fair distribution of burdens.
ment policy which is related to this, property reform,
anti-inflation policy, and wages and social policy, can
In the opposite case, we have to face an escalation of
only constitute the agenda after further preparatory
material demands that are obviously unfulfillable. The
work. The stakes are not small. With the talks that are
avalanche of demands and protests paralyze the life of
now entering a new phase, we in essence must lay the
the country, they endanger the political stability which is
foundations so that after the elections we have programs
indispensable for economic consolidation.
that can be jointly accepted, in as many areas as possible.
This is the condition of the coming about of an operable
Thus, we have to carefully weigh what further sacrifices
government coalition, and of our averting the drowning
we ask for from individual strata of society, what eco-
of the Hungarian multiparty system in a sea of petty
nomic-and not rhetorical-cover we are able to offer
party fights.
for credits asked for from the population.
Esteemed meeting, in the current complex world which
For this reason, we must seek what links us, not what
is fraught with tensions, neither side can count on easy
separates us. My conviction is that talks beginning now
talks. It also can be expected that the agreement may not
can ripen a future viable coalition and, later, political
FBIS-EEU-89-113
14 June 1989
35
HUNGARY
alliances as well. It would be too early now to determine
The MSZMP general secretary said that he expects that
the contents of this. However, a correct consideration of
the party congress will be held in September; the Central
interests and programs can guarantee the success of
Committee will decide on the precise date 23 June.
political cooperation.
The opposition roundtable representatives look forward
The MSZMP has set forth on the path of changing from a
to the future talks with cautious hope-at least this is
bureaucratic state party into a left-wing socialist reform
what Gyorgy Szabad, who represented them, said. He
party. For example it considers differentiation on the basis
emphasized: Representative democracy can be created
of the principle of performance to be urgent, but it also
only on a basis of agreement.
advocates the lessening of social differences that cannot be
justified by performance. It aims for economic effective-
ness, but it wishes to make this compatible with social
Opposition Spokesman Remarks
solidarity. It has set as its objective that private property
LD1306185589 Budapest Domestic Service
should have an incentive effect on economic performance,
in Hungarian 1500 GMT 13 Jun 89
but it does not renounce the determining role of effectively
operating collective property.
[Speech by Opposition Spokesman Imre Konya at the
opening session of roundtable talks between the Hungar-
Like one of the legendary leaders of Austrian social
ian Socialist Workers Party and the opposition held in
democracy said, some utopian surplus is necessary for a
the Huntmen's Hall of the National Assembly in Budap-
level-headed realpolitik if we want to gain the support of
est-live]
society. We are not now living in an era of utopias, but
the opposite extreme would also be a mistake, if by
[Excerpts] Esteemed Mr Chairman,
surrendering our historical assets we were only to seek
practical answers to the questions of our time. The
Ladies and Gentlemen,
experiences of the recent and more distant past indicate
repeatedly that attempts to renew socialist countries can
Constitutionally, Hungary has belonged to the Hungar-
fail-they can also lead to tragic clashes. We must not
ian people for a thousand years. This fact is not changed
confuse caution and carefully thought-out progression,
by the circumstances that in the course of its history the
with conservatism. Allow me to quote Ferenc Deak, the
people hardly had the chance to dispose of its own
sage of the country, according to whom caution, even if
property as its owner, as free citizens, even though from
exaggerated, always merits attention.
time to time it attenmpted to take possession of that
which belonged to it. Aware of our historic responsibility
I believe that in our country there is an internal as well as
and in line with the agreement which we have reached
international interest to preserve dynamic stability. For
with the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party [MSZMP],
this reason, the MSZMP proposes that every participant
opposition roundtable, have come here to begin substan-
in the political coordination talks seek ways of construc-
tive talks with MSZMP representatives, who in fact
tive cooperation. Even if it is not so for the past, the
possess political power, and with delegates of other
responsibility for the future is joint.
organizations invited by it.
Thank you.
We state that the purpose of the negotiations is to assure
a peaceful transition from a dictatorical system of rule to
representative democracy genuinely manifesting the will
of the people. In the course of the talks it is not our
Further Grosz Comments
intention to share out power with the present owners of
LD1306211189 Budapest Domestic Service
power. We do not want to partake of the exercise of
in Hungarian 2000 GMT 13 Jun 89
power above the heads of the people, without asking the
people. Our goal is that it should indeed be the citizens of
our country who can and do decide whom, which polit-
[Text] There is cautious optimism from the Hungarian
ical forces, they entrust with the exercise of power during
Socialist Workers Party [MSZMP] and the opposition
the period from one election to the next.
after today's first round of political coordination talks.
The MSZMP general secretary expressed his hope that
For almost 200 years every Hungarian progressive ten-
the political coordination talks would end before the
dency has been ultimately democratic. This is true from
elections and that agreement would be reached on every
the reform opposition to the populist movements, from
basic issue. This, among other things, is what Karoly
the radicals through the workers' movements to Chris-
Grosz said after the trilateral discussions. He said that in
tian Democracy. [passage omitted]
the second round of the talks, the MSZMP delegation
would be supplemented with Rezso Nyers and Janos
We must come to an agreement as to the conditions for
Berecz. According to Karoly Grosz, the difficulties are
a peaceful transition to democracy. Anyone with eyes to
expected primarily in the economic sphere, since struc-
see and with intellect to make a judgement must recog-
tural transformation demands sacrifices of every govern-
nize that it is not only the future which belongs to
ment in the world.
democracy but the present as well. We must now carry
FBIS-EEU-89-112
13 June 1989
HUNGARY
31
Pozsgay Addresses West Berlin European Academy
Officially, Pozsgay's visit to West Berlin was a private
AU1306125289 Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER
visit. He was invited as a "European personality" who,
ALLGEMEINE in German 29 May 89 p 5
"more than any other figure in the sphere of journalism,
culture, and politics, embodies the will to overcome out-
[Report by Jochen Winters on speech by Hungarian
dated structures of society that divide peoples, and to
State Minister Imre Pozsgay at the European Academy
convincingly work toward the materialization of the vision
of Berlin: "Human Rights, Civil Liberties, Multiparty
of the 'common European home'," the director of the
System"; date not given]
academy, Kraetschell, pointed out. The political signifi-
cance of Pozsgay's appearance in West Berlin, however,-
increased by the talks with Mayor Momper and opposition
[Text] Berlin, 28 May-The director of the European
leader Diepgen-must not be underestimated.
Academy of Berlin, Kraetschell, had hardly dared hope
that such a bold idea could become reality. He had invited
With its reforms and the renewal of the country, Hun-
the Hungarian State Minister Imre Pozsgay, who has also
gary wants to "buy an admission ticket to Europe," the
been a member of his party's Politburo since last year, to
state minister, who is responsible for coordinating Hun-
deliver a festive speech on the occasion of the 25th
gary's reform policy, stressed at the European Academy
anniversary of the European Academy of Berlin. Despite
of Berlin. His country wants to enter the "common
all difficulties, the reform-minded politician had driven by
European home" by way of the stage of "central
car directly from Budapest, traveling through the GDR.
Europe." This intermediate stage means a lot for Hun-
The 55-year-old Pozgay was probably more surprised at
gary in connection with the finding that the peoples
the fact that the GDR authorities allowed him to cross the
living in this part of Europe, who have suffered a lot
borders without any problems than at the lack of official
during past disputes, cannot become a united entity at
welcome during his journey through the GDR: The old
once but must first expand contacts with each other and
gentlemen of the GDR party and state leadership have had
establish closer ties.
little respect for him for quite some time.
Pozsgay painted a fascinating picture of Hungarian
In contrast to that, Pozsgay was greeted with a great deal
reforms during his speech. He spoke of the search for a new
of approval and applause in West Berlin. Many who
identity in view of the deep crisis of a political system that
listened to him considered the fact that this communist
has basically not yielded any results during its 40 years of
reformer had come here, without visiting East Berlin, to
existence, and has never been accepted by the people.
speak about Hungarian reforms in the shadow of the
What is needed in Hungary now is the conversion of a
Wall and to declare his support for the cultural and
Stalinist dictatorship into democracy, including political
political values of Europe-above all tolerance, freedom,
pluralism, a multiparty system, and a government that is
and justice-a great historic moment. They recalled the
legitimized by the people. The reforms must lead to a
Berlin blockade, Khrushchev's ultimatum, the erection
social order that works, which allows the people to develop
of the Wall, and all the suffering that had been inflicted
their own identity, and makes it possible for intellectual
upon them by ruling Communists since the end of the
forces, the economy, and production finally to unfold. This
war, and they could hardly believe what a ruling com-
was the most radical rejection of "real existing socialism"
munist was now saying about human rights, civil liber-
that one can imagine.
ties, a multiparty system, social pluralism, and the devel-
opment of a market economy. Contrary to communist
Pozsgay said that in recent European history there have
tradition, Pozsgay spoke without notes. He did not have
been examples of dictatorial systems changing back into
a manuscript, and he was very plain-spoken.
democratic ones. However, there is no model in history
where a Stalinist-type system has been transformed into
a pluralist democratic constitution in a peaceful way.
Opening of Borders
Hungary is now trying to change a tyrannical Stalinist
rule, which has absorbed all functions of life and has
The Hungarian candidly advocated the opening of bor-
virtually taken a sacred shape, into a law-governed state
ders. Hungarian citizens do not have to look for escape
with all legal guarantees for the citizens, and with func-
routes if they want to get in contact with the world. Every
tioning democratic institutions. Thus, everything that is
Hungarian can obtain the newly introduced passport for
taking place in Hungary and in other Eastern European
the world, and travel wherever he wants to. For this
countries is unique and unprecedented, Pozsgay said.
reason, the decision was made to remove barriers along
However, the international situation-the return to a
Hungary's Western border. It is not the Hungarian
policy of detente and the fact that in the USSR and in
Border Guard's task to defend the border against Hun-
China reform movements have gained the upper hand—
garians, Pozsgay stated, referring to the GDR, which
are favorable for attaining the "replacement of the old
does not at all approve of Hungary's measures. The state
model" that Hungary is aspiring.
minister announced a Hungarian emigration law and
China as Example
stated that it would, of course, be painful if a Hungarian
citizen decided to emigrate, but it would not be treason
Pozsgay believes that the current developments in China
but an expression of human freedom. For this reason, it
are confirming his view that this replacement of the old
must be possible for him to return to the country.
model can be achieved in Hungary in a peaceful way. "The
FBIS-EEU-89-112
13 June 1989
32
HUNGARY
current events in Beijing are encouraging for us, even
example of its Hungarian "fraternal party?" The SED
though they may give the impression of a rebellion, and
would become a social democratic party and it might be
even if they appear to be chaotic, because they most
possible to overcome the division of Germany.
consistently prove one thing, namely that a forceful solu-
tion against the desire of the people and of society is no
longer possible, and can no longer be possible." Pozsgay
Pozsgay on Political, Economic Reforms
said that he does not believe that there will be another
AU1006164589 Hamburg DIE ZEIT
Russian intervention in Hungary. Gorbachev is busy
in German 9 Jun 89 p 14
enough with difficulties at home and, moreover, he has
clearly said the "Brezhnev Doctrine" is no longer valid.
[Interview with Hungarian State Minister Imre Pozsgay
by Haug von Kuenheim and Theo Sommer: "We Start
According to Politburo member Pozsgay, the socialist
Again at Point Zero"; place, date not given]
experiment, which has brought about dictatorial Stalin-
ist patterns in Eastern Europe through the degenerated
[Text] DIE ZEIT: Mr Pozsgay, as a Hungarian state
exercise of power and distorted structures, is passing
minister and member of the Politburo of the Hungarian
through a crisis everywhere. This crisis can be overcome
Socialist Workers Party (MSZMP) you granted an inter-
only by changing the structures and replacing the old
view to Radio Free Europe and in it stated that commu-
model. Hungary has drawn this conclusion from its own
nism cannot be reformed. What is happening in Hungary?
development. All attempts of bringing about reform
have failed to date because the political structures have
Pozsgay: A reform is being carried out in Hungary; a
always remained the same. With regard to Western
radical change, a complete change of models. I said in the
concern that Hungary is rushing its reforms and focusing
mentioned interview that the communism achieved by
too much on political changes instead of first increasing
Stalin cannot be reformed. Our society is not motivated to
its economic output, Pozsgay said that without radical
carry out real actions and achievements, the profitability
and consistent political reform there is no hope for
of the capital is slowed down, and there is neither cooper-
economic development. Thus, the most important insti-
ation nor solidarity among the people; instead everything
tutional changes have to be carried out first.
has been replaced by bureaucratic coordination. This state
communism cannot be reformed. It does not have any
Pozsgay mentioned the initial steps of political reform in
more reserves. This was what I meant in my interview.
Hungary, the adoption of the law on association, which
is to give the citizens the right to freely form coalitions,
DIE ZEIT: The old model is Stalinism. What should be
and the corporation law, which is to provide business
the new model?
and capital the possibility to become active in Hungary.
Central to the draft of the new constitution is the respect
Pozsgay: We have to leave the dead end road and go back
for and the guarantee of human rights and basic liberties,
to the starting points. Our objective should be demo-
as well as the strict separation of the legislative and
cratic socialism, while using the institutions of European
executive powers, as well as judicial autonomy. He said
political culture and Western political techniques.
that a party law was being prepared, one which will bring
about a multiparty system in which differing parties will
DIE ZEIT: Is "democratic socialism" and social democ-
be able to engage in fair competition. There will be free
racy the same?
elections, which might even cause a situation where the
party that has been in power up to now will no longer be
Pozsgay: Considering the order of values of social
able to maintain its power.
democracy and European civilization, I also understand
social democracy by it. However, in my opinion, demo-
In a subsequent address to members of the Berlin Press
cratic socialism is in the first place a negation: the
Club, Pozsgay pleaded for freedom of the press and the
negation of the arrogant missionary zeal which charac-
freedom to openly and publicly discuss socialism and its
terized the communist parties for a long time and with
degenerated dictatorial form. The term socialism has to
which the party exercised a strange pedagogical function
be reconsidered, he said and added quite frankly that he
and regarded the people only as educational subjects. For
in this case a Jacobinic intellectual elite rules the whole
did not consider the division of his party as a disaster.
There is a majority of reformers in his party and one can
society from above. Stalin's example demonstrated that
this could not be continued on an intellectual basis for a
easily do without the conservative dogmatists. The Hun-
long time.
garian Politburo member does not contradict the thesis
that a reformed Hungarian Communist Party would
ultimately be identical to a Western-style social demo-
DIE ZEIT: The old model was the dictatorship of the
proletariat on the one hand and centrally planned econ-
cratic party.
omy on the other. Is the new model pluralism and the
market?
Those who listened to Pozsgay in West Berlin were
asking themselves what would happen if the Socialist
Pozsgay: Yes, pluralism in politics, market in the econ-
Unity Party of Germany [SED] were to follow the
omy.
FBIS-EEU-89-112
13 June 1989
33
HUNGARY
DIE ZEIT: Pluralism within the party or pluralism of the
DIE ZEIT: Which structures of these 40 years could be
parties?
saved and would be worth retaining? Which parts from
the old building could be reused in the new building?
Pozsgay: The Hungarian model has the pluralism of the
parties in mind. However, the Socialist Party has also
Pozsgay: To answer this question, I must go back to the
achieved a kind of pluralism within its own ranks: It has
pre-war period: At the turn of the year 1944/45, a revolu-
already recognized the legitimacy of several platforms.
tion took place in Hungary, by which an anachronistic old
structure was destroyed. The land reform resulting from it
DIE ZEIT: Pluralism of the parties could mean that your
must at any rate be retained as a basic value of our system.
party will be voted out of office in free elections.
The cooperative movement is also such a value as a form
of enterprise in which individual initiative and collective
Pozsgay: Yes, if it were to be in the minority after
thinking have jointly produced and created something.
elections and were to be incapable of forming the gov-
You cannot compare our cooperative system with the
ernment, it would be prepared for these consequences.
Soviet kolkhoz system. I would also consider the democ-
At the same time, however, I want to make it clear that
ratization of the educational system as such a value-
the MSZMP is certainly not striving for defeat.
education as a basis of new qualities and as an opportunity
for all sections and all classes of society to rise to higher
DIE ZEIT: However, if you were to suffer a defeat, what
positions. Finally, I would also retain as a value the way of
about the party's leading role?
thinking that is oriented toward interests and at the same
time differentiates between various interests-the way of
Pozsgay: We have stopped to talk about it long ago. The
thinking in which the various groups of society have
party is rather following the people's demands. The
articulated themselves since the beginning of the sixties.
people have already achieved the turn, the change-it is
These are the elements from the old building that we could
high time for the party to follow them.
use for the new building. However, we must check each
brick to see whether it is really suitable.
DIE ZEIT: Will the party surrender its leading role to the
people?
DIE ZEIT: In what stages will the new building be set
up? When will you have the roofing ceremony?
Pozsgay: Yes. The time has come for the party to be
legitimized by the people, not by the theory of its
Pozsgay: To begin with, the foundation walls have to be
omnipotence and omniscience.
built-and that is the building of the state. I am confi-
dent that we will be able to have the roofing ceremony in
DIE ZEIT: In this case you will need a new constitution,
June of next year.
a new parliamentary construction, and a completely new
legal structure. You will start at point zero.
DIE ZEIT: Would that be the first elections?
Pozsgay: Yes, we will start again at point zero. This is
Pozsgay: Yes, they would be the framework of the whole
new construction, not only restructuring.
structure, so to speak. Then the assembly work would
begin, the real construction work, and the apartment
DIE ZEIT: Perestroyka means restructuring in Russian.
would have to be furnished.
Pozsgay: Yes, I know. Pluralism existed in Hungary until
DIE ZEIT: But the apartment would be furnished very
1948. That is, our new construction is not completely
much in the taste of the owners who were elected to
without antecedents.
power, would it not?
DIE ZEIT: The antecedents are those of burgeois democ-
Pozsgay: Yes.
racy.
DIE ZEIT: So you do not know today in what taste it will
Pozsgay: Yes, the values of burgeois democracy which
be furnished afterward?
belong to the technique of freedom which I mentioned in
the beginning.
Pozsgay: No, I cannot know that today. Nor would I like
to dictate it, because then we would have returned to the
DIE ZEIT: Have the last 40 years been a big mistake?
dictatorship that we are about to abandon.
Pozsgay: Yes, it was a big mistake to adopt the Stalinist
DIE ZEIT: Your party general secretary has said that the
model in 1948/49, without making any distinction
Communist Party should remain in power for another 5
between Hungary and the Soviet Union. I do not mean
years.
that no values have been created in Hungary during the
past 40 years, and that there were no regulations. How-
Pozsgay: Here our opinions differ. I accept the thesis in
ever, if all this happens in an open, democratic system,
principle that the Communist Party, more precisely, the
progress is even larger and even more significant.
Hungarian Socialist Workers Party [MSZMP], should
FBIS-EEU-89-112
13 June 1989
34
HUNGARY
remain in power. However, I do not think that a Polish
this reform has not considerably paid off for the citizens
solution involving certain quotas that are fixed for the
economically. Conversely, the Chinese have first liberal-
parties in advance, is right. The party must renew itself
ized their economy, but have changed nothing about the
and must reorganize itself in a way that enables it to
political mechanisms. Now the boiler has exploded, and
attract the majority of votes. That should then be
they have once again brutally suppressed the aspirations
decided in free elections.
for freedom. How can these different dangers be avoided?
DIE ZEIT: Is one of the indispensable building princi-
Pozsgay: We have tried it all. However, in Hungary a
ples the separation of the party and the state?
certain communication between the power and the peo-
Pozsgay: Definitely. Otherwise, transition to a multi-
ple, between the power and the society has never entirely
broken off, not even during the darkest years. Therefore,
party system would be impossible. In this respect, the
I hope that we will be able to discuss with the people in
MSZMP has already made important steps. The party's
a businesslike way that such a transition also has its
most important decision in my view was to abolish the
price. It will not be possible without sacrifices. However,
nomenklatura, the list of posts held by the party.
since the people must pay the price, they must at least
DIE ZEIT: Will a second building principle be the
have the freedom to decide to whom they are going to
pay. Certainly not to the existing clique; then the matter
separation of the party and the economy?
would change into open revolt.
Pozsgay: Yes.
DIE ZEIT: This means that you are promising the people
a long haul for the time being.
DIE ZEIT: Now you must implement your political
reform amid a serious economic crisis. Some people in
Pozsgay: Yes, 2 or 3 lean years. However, the people
your country say that political change will in the end lead
would not accept this from everybody. Therefore, we
into a dead end, unless it is accompanied by economic
must pursue an open policy, and therefore, we need
change. A critic says that "political change without
authentic politicians in the leadership.
economic change only gives us the freedom to criticize
what we cannot change."
DIE ZEIT: That means practically that you must abolish
subsidies to restore the financial soundness of the state
Pozsgay: That is an entirely wrong approach. The basic
budget.
question much rather is how to free the economy of the
chains of extra-economic constraints. In Hungary we do
Pozsgay: Yes, the subsidies must be abolished; they must
not have a transition from a dictatorship to democracy,
at least be cut back considerably.
as was the case in Greece and Spain where there was a
real and functioning market economy even during the
DIE ZEIT: When subsidies are abolished the real income
years of dictatorship, during the years of suppression.
decreases, prices rise, and unemployment probably also
rises. Do you believe that the people will support the
Some people are now calling for economic reform first;
reform nevertheless?
what kind of an economy is this in which they desire this
reform? The essence of the Stalinist structure consists in
Pozsgay: Yes, that is what we believe. However, it is
the fact that there is no real economy, no real market,
clear that in an articulate society with open structures
and no real money. Politics swallows all walks of life,
you can find various conditions to come to an arrange-
including the economy. It makes property an abstraction
ment with the various groups. For instance, I do not
of the state and abolishes it. Competition ceases to exist,
believe that it is necessary to generally announce to all
there are no competitors. What remains is a distribution
social groups now that they must tighten their belts. In
system, which leaves everyone jealous. Thus, the civil
the next phase, there must already be certain groups who
society is practically abolished, citizens are turned into
profit from the development. So, the people who actively
subjects and are classified into a mutually dependent
contribute to innovation in the entire economy must
hierarchy. The necessary cooperation among producers
alreay feel a favorable development in their standard of
is thus eliminated and replaced by bureaucratic coordi-
living. Those who participate in or help set up small or
nation. Where then is the element that can be reformed
in this economy and can be developed in parallel with
medium-size enterprises by investing their own capital,
must also profit. Generally, we must promote the devel-
political reform?
opment of medium-size enterprises.
That is precisely why our chronology is the only correct
On the other hand, we must put up a very closely knit
approach: At first we must free the entire structure from
and well considered social network to protect those
their political chains, the political handcuffs.
social groups and sectors that are now in danger of
falling. They include primarily the old people who have
DIE ZEIT: There is an undisputed connection between
political reform and economic reform. In Moscow there
become increasingly poor. But they also include the very
young people who are starting their careers and who
are political reforms, there is glasnost. However, so far,
must be well educated and well trained in order to have
FBIS-EEU-89-112
13 June 1989
35
HUNGARY
an opportunity for financial improvement. Unemploy-
ment will certainly be structural unemployment, because
Pozsgay: Even though I always speak my mind frankly, I
qualified labor is still much in demand.
would prefer to be very careful regarding this question.
However, I can certainly imagine that Hungary will be a
democratic constitutional state, which uses its democratic
DIE ZEIT: Do you see the danger of a counterreform?
rights and opportunities in a sovereign way; that it will be
able to solve its economic problems with the active partic-
Pozsgay: In principle, this would be possible. However,
ipation of foreign capital, but in a sovereign way; that until
under the current conditions on Hungarian soil the
then it will have embarked upon a solid, irreversible course
triumph of counterreform is impossible for many rea-
of growth; and that it will be a society that already suffers
sons.
from the difficulties of freedom instead of from the malice
of dictatorship; and, not least, I think that the people will
DIE ZEIT: Thirty-three years ago the counterreform was
prove their ability to rule themselves.
brought to your country by Soviet tanks. What limits do
you see imposed on you by the membership in the Warsaw
DIE ZEIT: How should the West, how should we in the
Pact and CEMA? In April PRAVDA plainly warned the
FRG, help so that the reform process, which we wish
Hungarian party against abolishing socialism.
success, is indeed successful?
Pozsgay: Basic changes have taken place in Europe and
Pozsgay: From the political viewpoint you could help us by
also within the socialist countries since 1956 and 1968.
continuously keeping the Hungarian reforms in the minds
The most important new factor is, without doubt, the
of the public. Europe has to know that Hungary has
course of glasnost and perestroyka and the attitude and
accepted a role that goes far beyond its geographic size.
views of the leadership around Gorbachev in general. I
Because if the Hungarian experiment succeeds, this will
am convinced that they are leaders who know exactly
provide new opportunities for the entire European system.
that Hungary does not want to abolish socialism-unless
one equates socialism with the constant shortages and
From the economic point of view, we need not so much
lack of goods, with unmotivated, inefficient activities,
financial aid but investments by enterprises in three
with a decline of economic growth. However, if one does
fields of the national economy:
not equate socialism with mass poverty and lack of
freedom, one need not fear anything. We want to get rid
The first field is the contribution of active Western
only of these things.
capital into existing large enterprises and turning them
into joint ventures or other forms of enterprises. In this
Of course, in such a situation there are also certain
case, the state accepts guarantees that the invested cap-
foreign policy traditions that have to be taken into
ital can be withdrawn at any time and that the profits can
account. Most important, perhaps, is the fact that a
be transferred in freely convertible currencies.
general process of detente has started all over the world.
Europe is still an explosive place. For the Soviet Union
Second, we need loans to establish a strong and efficient
the countries here that are its best friends and best
stratum of small and medium-sized enterprises-with
neighbors are the ones that build their own development
the strict regulation that these loans must not be used to
in a sovereign way and in line with their own ideas.
fill in financial gaps in the state budget or to repay debts.
Crisis management and servicing of debts should be the
There are two thresholds that the Hungarian reform
business of the National Bank.
must not cross: First, Hungary must not come to a state
of civil war, because this would endanger and destabilize
The third field involves preparations to make the forint
the entire European area. Second, Hungary must not
convertible.
take unilateral initiatives so as not to disturb the Euro-
pean balance and the alliance systems.
DIE ZEIT: What will Europe be like in the year 2000-
DIE ZEIT: Thus no withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact as
all of Europe? Will the Wall or the Iron Curtain still
in 1956?
exist? Will there be a German problem? Will there be an
East Bloc?
Pozsgay: No.
Pozsgay: To begin with the latter aspect: I do not think
DIE ZEIT: Unless the alliances dissolve in the course of
that there will be an East Bloc in the year 2000. I believe
the general development?
that a united Europe will be reality by the turn of the
millennium. I could imagine that Hungary will be an
Pozsgay: I hope that this development will take place.
associated EC member. I fully share the vision of a
There are certainly good chances that the development
"common European home." There will be no Iron Cur-
will proceed in this direction.
tain, neither on the Hungarian nor on the Czechoslovak
border with the West. As you see, I am approaching the
DIE ZEIT: If you look ahead to the year 2000-what will
German problem very slowly and very vaguely. I must
Hungary be like in 11 years?
say that I do not know what will happen until the turn of
the millennium. But I know what I would wish. I would
FBIS-EEU-89-112
13 June 1989
36
HUNGARY
wish that the Wall did not exist any more by that time. I
Major Sergey Petrov, political deputy of the commander of
would wish that the people of the two German states
the unit, told MTI that the Mechanized Infantry Regi-
could freely communicate with each other.
ment, which has been stationed in Szombathely since
1958, is not to leave the country for the time being. They
DIE ZEIT: In Budapest by the year 2000, will there be an
are to move to Debrecen. The withdrawal is to be com-
Imre Nagy street or a square carrying the name of the
pleted by June 23. The living quarters and 230 service flats
prime minister who was executed in 1958?
will be given over to the Hungarian People's Army.
Joint Committee With ROK Reviews Economic Ties
Pozsgay: Definitely.
AU1206121289 Budapest MTI in English
1847 GMT 7 Jun 89
DIE ZEIT: Maybe even this year?
[Text] Budapest, June 7 (MTI)-The session of the
Pozsgay: I do not know. However, there is every indication
Hungarian-South Korean Joint Committee ended on
that in addition to the juridical rehabilitation, the political
Wednesday with the signing of a protocol. In the course
rehabilition is inevitable. I personally think that a judicial
of talks Zoltan Gombocz, secretary of state at the Min-
murder was committed in the case of Imre Nagy.
istry of Trade, and Yi Tong-ho, South Korean deputy
minister of Finance, the co-chairmen of the Committee,
DIE ZEIT: Hungary is the first socialist state to start
reviewed the commercial and economic relations set up
tearing down the Iron Curtain. Now the work has been
between the two countries to date, the interstate agree-
suspended for lack of money. Is this typical of the
ments, and the opportunities of economic cooperation.
situation in your country?
Relations between the two countries show a dynamic
development, as was reported at a press conference held
Pozsgay: Yes, absolutely typical. In order to solve this
following the signing ceremony. The trade and economic
problem, which is really only a financial problem, I
cooperation agreement has been in force since February
would have no objection if some good Western business-
1, 1989, which can be clearly seen also in the develop-
men were ready to dismantle the Iron Curtain on their
ment of trade: In the first four months of the year,
own account. In that case they could sell individual parts
Hungarian companies exported to South Korea in a
as souvenirs-like relics from Christ's cross.
value of 3.5 million dollars, imports from there were
valued at 6.4 million dollars. Exports in the first four
DIE ZEIT: Formerly, after a monarch's death people
months are almost three-times higher than in 1983,
used to say: "The king is dead, long live the king!" Could
imports 60-times more.
your position be reduced to the formula: "Socialism is
dead, long live socialism"?
The Joint Committee session also discussed the assem-
bly of cars, production of television picture tubes, and
Pozsgay: With a minor modification: Stalinism is dead,
the building of hotels in Hungary, in joint venture form.
long live socialism!
Two South Korean banks are to open branch offices in
Budapest in the course of the year.
Israeli Economic Delegation Visits, Holds Talks
Soviet Military Unit Departs Szombathely 12 Jun
TA1106115589 Jerusalem Domestic Service in Hebrew
LD1206164289 Budapest MTI in English
1100 GMT 11 Jun 89
1459 GMT 12 Jun 89
[Text] Members of the Israeli economic delegation vis-
iting Hungary made dozens of deals with their Hungar-
[Text] Budapest, June 12 (MTI)-There was a farewell
ian colleagues. The delegates held hundreds [as heard] of
ceremony to mark the departure of a Soviet military unit
meetings with government officials and with Hungarian
stationed at Szombathely, a town in western Hungary,
businessmen. Our correspondent Gadi Sukenik reports
on Monday.
that tomorrow the delegation will leave for Poland.
[Sudenik] Two of the delegation heads-Dani Gillerman,
Tibor Elek, chairman of the town council, said, 'the
Chambers of Commerce president, and Moshe Zanbar,
pulling out of Soviet troops from a 100 km stretch of the
chairman of the Bank Leumi board of directors-partici-
western frontiers of Hungary is of historic importance.'
pated in a large economic convention in Moscow, where
Then he presented the commander of the Soviet unit
they conversed with senior members of the Soviet finan-
with various souvenirs, including a pocket-size model of
cial establishment. The two also took messages to the
the liberation monument in Szombathely.
Soviets from Israeli Government elements.
FBIS-EEU-89-110
9 June 1989
36
HUNGARY
develop in accordance with imports from Austria, Hun-
Improving the working conditions of foreign journalists
gary's Trade Minister Tamas Beck complained. The
should be made a long-term element of Hungarian
outspoken minister stated that economic relations
foreign policy, since journalistic activity is an important
between Hungary and Austria "have by far not reached
element in the assertion of human rights, set down in the
the level of political relations which are considered
third basket of the documents. This is why we advocate
exemplary."
at all international forums the need for international
openness, Mr Szombath pointed out.
Beck openly stated that within the framework of the new
geographic orientation of Hungary's foreign trade and its
new openness to the world market, above all to its
CSSR Envoy Views Bos-Nagymaros Construction
traditional partner Austria, the expansion of institu-
AU0906092489 Budapest MTI in English
tional relations with EFTA [European Free Trade Asso-
1808 GMT 7 Jun 89
ciation] would be desirable and useful. [passage omitted]
[Text] Budapest, MTI, 07/06/1989-"The construction
of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros barrage is a clearly scien-
New Joint Enterprise Founded With United States
tific issue, the solution of which is the task of scientists",
AU0906085989 Budapest MTI in English
stressed Czechoslovak Ambassador Vlastimil Ehren-
1306 GMT 7 Jun 89
berger, at a forum on Hungarian-Czechoslovak relations,
held on Wednesday in Budapest, in the Political College
[Text] Budapest, MTI, 07/06/1989-The first US-Hùn-
of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party [MSMZP].
garian securities trading company was founded in
According to the ambassador, scientists are capable of
Budapest on Wednesday with a starting capital of 525
solving the problems related to the construction of the
million forints, shared equally by the founders.
power plant, taking the current technical standard into
consideration. In his view, the barrage construction
On the US side, the investors include companies with
should not be turned into a political issue, only the
interests in a New York-based firm, and on the Hungar-
numbers, scientific arguments and laws can have a say in
ian side the Termin Financial Consulting Group.
this issue.
The Hungarian-US broker firm intends to take part in
The ambassador, who participated in the recent talks
the establishment of a stock exchange in Hungary. They
between the Hungarian and the Czechoslovak prime
also propose to recruit and involve Hungarian private
ministers, said that at these talks, the Hungarian side
capital in business transactions.
mentioned seizmographical and ecological problems,
and profitability problems in connection with suspend-
When the Hungarian exchange is in operation, the joint
ing the further construction of the complex. Mr Ehren-
venture intends to act as dealer for US clients, mediating
berger said: They are not familiar in detail with the new
the sale of Hungarian company shares.
scientific arguments that justified to suspend the con-
struction, but the Czechoslovak scientists are ready to
examine the material together with their Hungarian
Radio Free Europe 'Wishes' Office in Budapest
colleagues. In conclusion, the ambassador said that if the
AU0906095589 Budapest MTI in English
contract for the common construction of the barrage is
0852 GMT 8 Jun 89
not observed, Czechoslovakia would request compensa-
tion, as would, according to its information, Austria.
[Text] Budapest, June 8 (MTI)-Radio Free Europe
(RFE) wishes to have a representative accredited to
Pozsgay To Establish New Movement, Social Model
Budapest and to open offices here. There is no obstacle
AU0906093589 Budapest MTI in English
to this in principle, and its implementation is already in
2006 GMT 7 Jun 89
progress, Jeno Szombath, deputy director of the Press
Department at the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign
[Text] Budapest, June 7 (MTI)-"What is needed is to
Affairs, told the Thursday issue of the daily MAGYAR
HIRLAP.
create a new social model, as the political, power and
economic order of dictatorical socialism has become
bankrupt. The squandering of the forces of advance, and
An open information policy is in the country's interest,
and we do not make a distinction between RFE and
the continuous deterioration of the living circumstances
meanwhile, offers a scope of movement for the extremist
other news services. The final document of the Vienna
follow-up meeting went a step further than the Helsinki
groups. The various forces of pro-order dictatorship and
Final Act when it set down in point 39 that journalists
revenge are threateningly present, and can strengthen,"
can neither be expelled nor punished for legally carrying
Imre Pozsgay stresses, among others, the appeal made
public on Wednesday in Budapest, at the session of the
out their profession. In addition, signatories have agreed
preparatory committee of the Movement for Democratic
not to hinder journalists' activity either for the contents
of their own reports or for those of the news company
Hungary. The movement wishes to rally people who
they work for.
accept the rise of the nation, European progress and
democratic socialism together, irrespective of their party
FBIS-EEU-89-110
9 June 1989
37
HUNGARY
standing or membership in organizations. The move-
The government is counting on a budget income of 1
ment awaits all who reject marking time and roll-back,
billion forints from such sales, Ministry of Defence offi-
who accept that a democratic road has to be taken to
cials informed members of the parliamentary Defence
create a democratic Hungary. The movement is expected
Committee.
to hold its founding session within one month.
The MPs [Members of Parliament] wanted to know how
Imre Pozsgay, member of the Hungarian Socialist Work-
the 100 million forints owed by the Soviet Army to
ers' Party Political Committee and minister of state,
Hungarian electric power supply companies will be
stressed at the session of the preparatory committee:
recovered.
"All sober political forces in our country are alike in that
At the meeting, the MPs pointed out that the Army still
a renewed, democratic Hungary is needed, and that this
considered itself in a state of "intensive development"
should be attained on a peaceful road, with an anti-
when it came to the issue of what consequences the
catastrophe policy. The movement needs members who
cutting of the military budget might have.
feel responsibility for a democratic Hungary, who firmly
take a stand for peaceful transition, who support the
This year, Hungary is to cut down on military expendi-
change in model, as according to some people there is a
ture by 3.7 billion forints as compared to the amount the
chance to create a group in politics in the old fashion, by
state budget approved last year.
exploring its reserves. This would pose a danger to
transformation, would promote roll-back, and this is
It was also announced at the Defence Committee meet-
what contemporary Hungary needs least of all. The
ing that the effective professional and civilian force of
fundamental goal is to create a new statehood, democ-
the workers' militia will be reduced by 30 per cent by
racy and constitutional state, and to organize free
September. (The workers' militia was set up in 1957 as
elections," Mr Pozsgay said, among others.
the HSWP [Hungarian Socialist Workers Party]'s armed
force, but was placed under government supervision in
Members of Parliament Consider Defense Budget
1989).
LD0706224389 Budapest MTI in English
1434 GMT 7 Jun 89
The body is now seeking to work out a solution whereby
the workers' militia can be transformed into an armed
[Text] Budapest, June 7, 1989 (MTI-ECONEWS)-The
force equivalent to a voluntary militia of the Hungarian
Hungarian Government intends to sell off barracks and
People's Army. The armed body is trying to make up the
other buildings which become empty as a result of the
100-million-forint loss which came about with the cut in
withdrawal of part of the Soviet troops stationed in
state budget support, through renting out its camps and
Hungary.
vehicles.
FBIS-EEU-89-111
12 June 1989
HUNGARY
23
Shooting Incident Reported at Romanian Border
On the basis of investigations, the Supreme Prosecution
AU1206113489 Budapest MTI in English
has ascertained that the authorities dealing with the case
1759 GMT 9 Jun 89
at the time severely and in sequence violated the then
valid regulations of the rules of court. They limited the
[Text] Budapest, June 9 (MTI)-Colonel Sandor Barna,
accused's rights of freedom and defense. The prosecu-
chief commissioner of the Csongrad county police, told
tion almost exclusively gathered and utilized data con-
journalists on Friday that on June 4, Sunday, at dawn
sidered incriminating. They refrained from gathering
separate and serial shots were heard and the light of
evidence that would disprove guilt.
signal rockets seen in the vicinity of Nagylak on the
Romanian side of the border. This was observed by both
The accusation was unfounded and illegal. Further, the
locals and frontier guards who, in Hungarian territory,
prosecution against the case of Imre Nagy and his
rushed in the direction of the shooting. They saw Roma-
associates was not necessary because the verdict does not
nian frontier guards chasing and surrounding three per-
contain any statement at all which would correspond to
sons in civilian clothes, including a woman. None of the
the criterion of any kind of crime defined by the then
shots violated Hungarian territory. On June 8, Thursday,
legal regulations.
in the same region a Hungarian fisherman found a girl's
body in the Maros River, pulled it out to a sand island
The documents, which were recently obtained from
and notified the frontier guard. As the island belongs to
Yugoslavia, prove that in November 1956, the Hungar-
Romania, no Hungarian police investigations can be
ian Government gave a written guarantee to Imre Nagy
carried out there. On Friday morning the Romanian
and his associates who were staying at the Budapest
authorities examined the body in the presence of the
Yugoslav Embassy stating that they were not going to
Hungarian frontier officer. Although they found no
make any kind of reprisal against them. Personal immu-
traces of gunshot on the body, the child's ear bleeded
nity based on international law should have been given
because of a head injury caused by a blow or a shock. No
to those who were later sentenced, which, even according
connection was revealed between the two events. The
to laws at the time, would have been the obstacle to their
Romanian authorities denied to have captured people,
being punished.
stating that what the eyewitnesses saw from the Hungar-
ian side was an exercise to arrest presumed terrorists.
Pozgay Interviewed on Imre Nagy's Legacy
LD1006194389 Budapest Domestic Service
Nemeth, Szuros Plan To Attend Nagy Funeral
in Hungarian 1400 GMT 10 Jun 89
LD0806204589 Budapest MTI in English
1154 GMT 8 Jun 89
[From the "168 hours" program; Akos Mester interview
with Imre Pozgay, Hungarian Socialist Workers Party
[Text] Budapest, June 8 (MTI)-Matyas Szuros, presi-
Central Committee Politburo member; date, place not
dent of the Hungarian National Assembly, and Miklos
given-recorded]
Nemeth, chairman of the Council of Ministers, are to
represent parliament and the government at the June 16
[Text] [Announcer] What is the value of the spiritual
funeral of Imre Nagy and associates, all unlawfully
legacy of Imre Nagy and his fellow fighters today? What
executed after 1956.
is valid in the example of their lives? Imre Pozsgay is
interviewed by Akos Mester.
Agreement to this effect was reached between represen-
tatives of parliament, the government and the Commit-
[Mester] I acknowledge that the question with which I
tee for Historical Justice in the parliament building,
begin this conversation is oversimplified in view of the
Budapest, on Thursday morning. The meeting was
complexity of the answer that it requires. How do you
attended by Matyas Szuros, Miklos Nemeth and, on
see Imre Nagy's historical role?
behalf of the Committee for Historical Justice, by Miklos
Vasarhelyi, Imre Mecs, Andras B. Hegedus and Arpad
[Pozsgay] Indeed, this is a very difficult question to
Goncz.
answer, probably because we lack the necessary knowl-
edge. But perhaps even more difficult because what
Supreme Court Asked To Invalidate Nagy Ruling
happened to him burdens the conscience of a whole age
LD0906132189 Budapest Domestic Service
and it is now that we are trying to face up to the facts. I
in Hungarian 1000 GMT 9 Jun 89
am certain-and for this no particular research is
needed-that in 1953 he was the first statesman in
[Text] We have just received news that the supreme
Eastern Europe to take a truly determined step toward
prosecutor has submitted a protest on legal grounds
the dismemberment of the Stalinist structure, its destruc-
regarding the case of Imre Nagy and his martyr associ-
tion. He was the one who through his own fate experi-
ates, and he asks the Presidential Council of the Supreme
enced the consequences of the so-called roll-back; and I
Court to invalidate the illegal verdicts and to acquit Imre
am sure that at the time of the 1956 popular uprising,
Nagy, Ferenc Donat, Miklos Gimes, Zoltan Tildy, Pal
too, he fought for the creation of a free. independent, and
Maleter, Sandor Kopacsi, Jozsef Szilagyi, Ferenc Janosi,
democratic Hungary, in line with the same reform spirit
and Miklos Vasarhelyi.
and also under the pressure of the popular uprising.
FBIS-EEU-89-111
12 June 1989
24
HUNGARY
Taking these facts into consideration, and also weighing
So the possibility cannot be excluded that just like Imre
all his political acts, one can only reach one conclusion,
Nagy, you too, even if in a different form, might become
namely that we owe him justice. It is unavoidable to give
the victim of your own party.
him justice; and this is what will take place on 16 June at
the funeral ceremony.
[Pozsgay] This is not impossible either. A politician must
Although the funeral of Imre Nagy and those who shared
think such things through as well, particularly if I accept
his fate is organized by an independent organization-
what you have just said, namely that I regard what Imre
the Committee for Historical Justice-and the families,
Nagy did as one of the precursors of my own activities,
this event on 16 June will be a matter for the nation, the
even if this was not necessarily the motive force of my
end of a historical period. Perhaps the momentum of
actions at every turning point. If I immerse myself in the
self-purification will also be involved and we hope that it
study of this period, if I acquaint myself with Imre
will bring about national reconciliation.
Nagy's initiatives, then I have to say that I can still
identify with his goals. However, I hope that the fate will
[Mester] Yes, but can we close a historical period when
be different, because though it is beyond question that
in the weeks before the funeral there are opposing camps
the majority in society agrees with me-I have been able
which try to claim Imre Nagy, as a historical personality,
to verify this in many ways-I have also found that if I
as their own?
can come into direct contact with the party membership,
I can also persuade them of the truth of my ideas.
[Pozsgay] This is something that generally happens to
historical personalities. This is true because his life and
Nonetheless, there are also murderous passions in this
his life's work carry values from which everyone would
country, the passions of a minority who have had the
like to benefit. I would only regard this as a problem if
ground taken from under their feet but whose interests
this would once again be a cause for opposition and a
and groundlessness are tied to the institutional form
continuation of the trials, if it were to give rise to rancor,
which has long lost its validity-which we often call
or if it were to increase the dangers besetting the country.
dictatorial socialism-with which the people never iden-
However, I believe that with the exception of the extrem-
tified itself. Thus, even today these people tend to think
ists-people who are also confused in their attitudes to
in terms of force rather than in terms of politics. I know
themselves-the majority's will, the fundamental will, is
of such people. Nonetheless, I believe and my experience
something different.
shows that they are in the minority, that they like to be
with each other; and this is why they do not leave where
[Mester] The life's work of Imre Nagy and of those who
they should have left a long time ago.
shared his fate has a validity which is felt to this day. It
is this which justifies the question: What do the lessons
I know that it is like shouting in the wilderness to call
of 1956 mean in 1989?
upon these people to do this; nonetheless, I hope that
they show some sense of reality and that they are
[Pozsgay] First of all, that as early as 1956 all those
isolated, for in reality they have never lived with the
important issues which occupy Hungarian society and
people, though they have never stopped speaking of the
public opinion today had been formulated. This includes
people. They have always spoken about the working
all the criticism of the Stalinist type of dictatorial social-
class, they always cherish a working class mythology in
ism, the demand for political institutions based on the
themselves merely to claim some sort of intellectual
new type of conscious and self-directed citizen, concern-
foothold, while during the past 40 years the worker has
ing civil society, the multiparty system, the political
never experienced that which they proclaimed. The
manifestation of pluralism. The lesson is that had it been
worker never felt that he was in power, never felt that he
possible to realize all this in 1956 and in the years before
had the possibility of self-determination. Rather, he
that, within the framework of an honorable political
always felt that they were misusing his name, the term
struggle, peacefully, then the popular uprising would
"worker."
have been avoidable.
If this is the lesson, then I believe that in organizing in
Well, this is why it is my view that it is not the use of the
1989 for the solution of the very same basic issues it is
word "worker" which shows a feeling of solidarity with
possible to reach a peaceful transition, I believe that it is
the workers but rather when someone also tries to act
possible to create human cooperation and solidarity
and tries to create a system where they can feel happy,
among Hungarians; that there will not be self-destruc-
where they receive scope for action and security of
tive, tragic, catastrophic events; and that, avoiding these,
existence.
Hungary will solve its problems.
[Mester] Yes, but the mere fact that you have brought
[Mester] So the exit from power of these people is only
this up shows that there are certain analogies. According
one of the preconditions for national reconciliation. I
to many people, your public activities, your commitment
think that there are a host of preconditions for national
to reform, strongly recall Imre Nagy's political approach.
reconciliation.
FBIS-EEU-89-111
12 June 1989
25
HUNGARY
[Pozsgay] Yes, there are even bigger barriers in the way
[Mester] At the May party conference you concluded
of national reconciliation than the stirring of such
your speech by saying that there will be a Hungarian
imbedded insects. The biggest barrier is the situation of
resurgence. Do you think that you now have more allies
the people, which is far from rosy. The situation of the
for this goal than you had in those days, in May?
people is extremely difficult; impoverishment is advanc-
ing at a rapid rate; the circumstances of life are deterio-
[Pozsgay] I think so and my experience shows that. I am
rating; people cannot protect even that which has been
skeptical, very self-critical regarding my own abilites and
achieved, even with overtime and excess efforts. This is
possibilities. But I am optimistic regarding the situation.
where I see the really great danger: That they will not
Hungary has never had such a good chance of bringing
understand that it is those who caused the great prob-
about a new statehood through self-determination, as a
lems who are now referring to them in the name of curing
sovereign country; and through this new statehood, a
the problems, that they will not notice that this decline of
new popular spirit and society.
the country was caused by the functioning of the system
of those who as the proud one-time possessors of posts
think that they can once again become the saviors of the
Politburo Member Nyers Interviewed on Nagy Issue
people. These savior of the people must be revealed to
LD1006231989 Budapest Domestic Service
the people; it must be shown where they have come from
in Hungarian 1400 GMT 10 Jun 89
and what they did during the past decades.
[From the "168 Hours" program; Eszter Raday inter-
view with Reszo Nyers, Hungarian Socialist Worker's
[Mester] In Hungarian public life the intention to
Party Politburo member and minister of state; date,
improve things comes from various directions. The
place not given-recorded]
event on Wednesday where you were also present, as the
number one person of a new movement, a movement
which calls itself the Movement for a Democratic Hun-
[Text] [Raday] To the simple reader, it is striking how
gary, was also perhaps one manifestation of this. I have
there is lacking a logic in the events. There is no logic
that in November of 1956, Janos Kadar made a promise
already heard a number of contradictory views. One of
them asserts that there is some sort of elitism involved
of inculpability. In 1957, he promised that the number of
here, another that it is a faction of whining intellectuals,
political prisoners would be reduced, and this was real-
while a third says that this movement is the beginning of
ized in part. And the real reprisals came in 1958.
the organization of a party split.
[Nyers] At the beginning of 1957, Imre Nagy was offered
participation in the government. Thus, talks of reconcil-
[Pozsgay] Let me start with the last of these points. I do
iation were initiated. Imre Nagy was not willing to do
now know the bogyman they call a party split. In a
this, owing to the armed character of the events, that
European political culture this is one of the most natural
Janos Kadar's men came into the capital with the assis-
things and not something in the sphere of traumatology.
tance of Soviet troops, and then he disputed the legiti-
But this was not what was involved here and now.
macy of the government of the time. That is why he was
Rather, it stemmed from the intention that among the
not willing.
political movements moving in different directions, hav-
ing various intentions but possessing the will to improve
[Raday] We already know, or perhaps we, or they, knew
matters, there should be one which can play a mediating
at the time that there was reason for dispute, for disput-
role between the healthy, well-meaning large majority
ing the legitimacy.
inside the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party and the
various other parties, movements, and institutions,
[Nyers] Well, very few people knew that. Rather, the
mobilizing people to create through peaceful means the
historical documents reveal that this is how it was.
reform, the new model to replace dictatorical socialism,
However, the statement of Janos Kadar at the time was
a democratic Hungary. Somebody always has to formu-
also published in the newspapers; in this he indicated the
late these mature necessities. But just this does not make
possibility that Imre Nagy could enter the government.
it an elitist movement. On the contrary, its role is to
Thus, these political accusations were not voiced in this
create a link with the silent majority, which is endan-
manner. Later, it was 1958 already, when these political
gered from many directions. I also have in mind that
accusations were voiced; of course in 1957 already, at the
which I just spoke about, namely that without a genuine
party conference, Jozsef Revai represented vigorously
political orientation, the silent majority might come
the political accusation that Imre Nagy had distorted
under the influence of the extremists and social dema-
policy in the direction of revisionism, and at the time
gogues, might become victims of misleading actions,
this was a very grave accusation. Then, in 1958 it gained
whereas an open dialogue can turn society into mature
strength, in connection with their-the Imre Nagy Gov-
citizens. It is in the joint creation of this maturity that we
ernment-having espoused leaving the Warsaw Pact.
want to engage and not in a pedagogical campaign. This
movement would also like to undertake to clear away of
[Raday] You say that it gained strength, but this process
this previous all-knowing, omnipotent view of the party,
obviously did not take place on its own. Weren't there
this condescending and paternalistic approach.
people behind it?
FBIS-EEU-89-111
12 June 1989
26
HUNGARY
[Nyers] Behind it were people, disputes, within and
regard these as the five people-of course other members
outside the country as well. It has not been fully
of the Soviet leadership were also involved-but these
researched, yet, but we know that Yugoslavia, the Soviet
symbolize the international factor, concerning who had a
Union, Hungary, Romania, and China were the five
role. They agreed that the Imre Nagy government could
countries which dealt most intensively with the Hungar-
not hold its own on 2 November 1956. There are many
ian question from the end of October 1956 throughout,
statistics on this; memoires on this subject have also
and who had a role in the Hungarian political events
been published. It could not hold its own, so a very
being viewed as an international issue, as well. However,
strong, counterrevolutionary, right-wing, and anti-
the complete researching of this is still in progress.
democratic danger was appearing which was sweeping
away this government with everything it had, and this
[Raday] By the way, there is a series of entirely illogical
was dangerous for the socialist countries, it was danger-
things, here, which by all means raises the question of: If
ous for European peace and for Hungary, as well. That
it was not the decision of the Hungarian Socialist Work-
was the original decision.
ers Party [MSZMP], of the party, which played a role in
the sentencing of Imre Nagy's men, as Karoly Grosz, for
Then, in the reprisals, this unity certainly broke down,
example, said not long ago, then what played a role in it?
but it is a complete mystery to me, and to my knowledge
Is it possible that it was not the decision of the MSZMP
it is so to others, as well, how these international factors
which played a role in it?
played a role in the décision in 1958. What we know is
that Tito had withdrawn at this point.
[Nyers] Please, politically, the MSZMP leadership by all
means had to play a role in making the role of Imre Nagy
[Raday]: If it is a mystery; while disconnecting the
the subject of an accusation. Regarding what kind of
Hungary party, can a Hungarian court be given a deci-
decision was reached, I do not dare say that the MSZMP
sion requisition, or instruction?
influenced this. I am not acquainted with the develop-
ment of the trial. It is only now that I heard, from a
[Nyers] In principle a Hungarian court can not be given
tape-recording, the trial's very short closing ritual. I did
an instruction, it cannot be given one officially. In my
not know anything about it.
opinion, it was not even given one which was officially
written down. That is Idead certain. There were, and are,
[Raday] Are you serious, that, as a Central Committee
informal relations. I cannot say what informal relations
member, you knew nothing?
might have played a role here.
[Nyers] Nothing. The Central Committee was not
[Raday] You said earlier that as a Central Committee
informed of anything. Nor the other Central Committee
member and as a government commissioner with min-
members. We knew nothing.
isterial rank, you did not know
So, regarding the MSZMP, of course it can not be said
[Nyers, interrupting] I resigned my position as govern-
that it was outside the MSZMP, but the party-state here
ment commissioner in March of 1957. Only until then
did not mean that judicial action and party action were
was I in that position.
organically interconnected. No. Janos Kadar carefully
watched over this, so we did not know anything.
[Raday] Did you resign because you did not agree with
something, or because you had completed your task?
[Radày] But if not directly, for all that it could have been
indirectly connected.
[Nyers] I had completed my task, and there was a
conflict, as well
[Nyers] It could have been indirectly connected.
[Raday,
interrupting]
Was it a political conflict?
The historians who now are (?dissecting) the matter, in
its preresearched condition, would be better at saying
[Nyers] It was not directly political; rather, it in part
this. Isn't it so, you are asking that there must be
concerned economic policy and in part it was also
something and someone who staged it. I as well say that
political.
there must be someone who staged it. It either was X, in
Hungary, or abroad, Hungarians or foreigners in Hun-
[Raday] Surely you have found out that some members
gary, or both. Nor do we know the distribution of roles.
of the Committee for Historical Justice have lodged
objections to your presence at the funeral, not because of
[Raday] I am certain that Janos Kadar is perhaps one of
your person, but because you were a member of this
the last who could say something about this.
revolutionary workers' peasant government which can
be held responsible for the reprisals.
[Nyers] Janos Kadar is the one who could say the most
about this. Please; the following people had a role in it:
[Nyers] I do not have accurate information. but I was not
before Janos Kadar-Khrushchev, Tito, and only after
a member of the revolutionary workers' peasant govern-
them Kadar, then Zhou Enlai and Gheorghiu-Dej. I
ment; only from 1960.
FBIS-EEU-89-111
12 June 1989
27
HUNGARY
[Raday, interrupting] But your having been a govern-
they supported the convening of a congress. The delegates
ment commissioner, doesn't that mean
urged that at the congress an elected Central Committee be
the center of the political reform of the MSZMP.
[Nyers] Yes, that did not entail membership in the
government. To my knowledge, it was not raised in this
Grosz Interviewed 9 Jun on New Social Groupings
manner, but that I was a member of the party Central
LD0906195389 Budapest Television Service
Committee-and I really was. Please, I say that the
in Hungarian 1730 GMT 9 Jun 89
Committee for Historical Justice, which is staging the
funeral, has the right to adopt all kinds of positions, since
[Text] Experts of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party
it is their business. I cannot take a stand in this.
[MSZMP] and the opposition roundtable have agreed to
commence substantive political negotiations. The docu-
What is a question which generally arises in current
ment on commencing talks will be signed tomorrow.
Hungarian politics-and it is not that-is the question of
Three parties of equal standing will take part in these:
who is the credible figure? I believe that there is very great
the opposition roundtable, the MSZMP, as well as a joint
confusion in this. And I oppose every stand in which
delegation of the following organizations: the left-wing
valuable party or national politicians are proclaimed to
Alternative Association, the Patriotic People's Front,
lack credibility, because of earlier political actions or
Hungarian Democratic Youth League, the Association
earlier political stands. The Rakosiite political leadership
of Hungarian Resistance-Fighters and Anti-Fascists, the
committed this mistake, in Hungary, in a very heavy,
National Council of Hungarian Women, the Ferenc
criminal manner. To commit this mistake in the spirit of
Muennich Society and the National Trade Union Coun-
democracy is as anti-democratic as that of Rakosi's men.
cil. Gyorgy Sebes asked the MSZMP general secretary
In vain does one wave the flag of democracy.
about this:
It is necessary to free ourselves from this uncultured and
[Begin recording] [Sebes] Without a doubt, the news of
antidemocratic tradition-and Hungary has had a long-
the day is that the supreme prosecutor has submitted a
standing tradition of this.
protest on legal grounds in the case of Imre Nagy and his
associates. Since yesterday, we have known that a mem-
ber of the Poltburo-the prime minister-and a member
Grosz, Party Members View 'Looming' Split
of the Central Committee, speaker of the National
LD1006202689 Budapest Domestic Service
Assembly, will, at the head of the delegation, place a
in Hungarian 1200 GMT 10 Jun 89
wreath at the funeral of Imre Nagy next Friday [16 June].
How do you view these developments?
[Text] Let all the party houses display black and national
[Grosz] I consider this to be a natural and very important
flags on the day of the burial of Imre Nagy and his
episode in the [word indistinct] reconciliation process,
companions. This was proposed at the Hungarian Social-
since Imre Nagy was president of the Hungarian
ist Workers Party [MSZMP] Gyor-Sopron county party
National Assembly. Imre Nagy was also prime minister.
conference. At the meeting, also attended by party gen-
Thus, it is natural that state leaders should pay tribute at
eral secretary Karoly Grosz, the delegates first approved
the funeral. The paying of respects is an obligatory
draft standpoints on democratization in Hungary, on the
gesture on the part offall of us. We do it sincerely, from
talks to be begun with the opposition roundtable, and on
the depths of our hearts, and as we have become
the condemnation of the bloody events in China.
acquainted with the facts, we have had to recognize that
all which we had believed for a long time was not proved
The standpoint in connection with the opposition round-
and supported by objective facts. What has happened
table highlights that, in the interests of the success of the
cannot be rendered into not having happened-but it is
talks, the MSZMP Central Committee should be more
a moral and political (?duty) to give final respects.
patient and responsible than before so that an agreement
can be reached within a foreseeable time.
[Sebes] The domestic political developments of the past
days reflect the creation of new forums one after the
Laszlo Lakatos, first secretary of the MSZMP Gyor-
other. On Wednesday, the Movement for a Democratic
Sopron county committee, said that a party split is
Hungary was founded. Tomorrow, the New March Front
looming; public opinion is blaming the party and the
is preparing to turn into a free forum.
party members are blaming the Central Committee and
its leaders for this.
[Grosz] I did not know earlier that an endeavor like the
Movement for a Democratic Hungary was being pre-
Those participating in the debate referred to the contra-
pared, although it generally is an established practice in
dictory statements made by members of the Politburo,
our country that if our party's political leaders take part
which unequivocally indicate that there is no unity in the
in organizing such a grouping, the bodies are informed in
leadership. The participants in the conference called on the
advance. I, properly speaking, learned from the newspa-
Central Committee to take steps in the interests of solidar-
per that this movement had been founded, and I do not
ity and warding off a catastrophe. At the party conference,
know much about its objectives. From its appeal, I dare
FBIS-EEU-89-111
12 June 1989
30
HUNGARY
Rainer Stefan, representative of the Austrian People's
[Juszt] So what is the difference?
Party, and Janusz Rozek, representative of the Polish
Peasant Solidarity, were foreign guests of the rally of the
[Szuros] Well, the situation is that I, as chairman of the
People's Party.
National Assembly, have to exhibit unbiased behavior. I
look and listen to this as well, I consider its objectives
Pozsgay on 'Movement for Democratic Hungary'
practical and correct. However, on Saturday, I will
LD0806091389 Budapest Television Service
participate in the founding session of the New March
in Hungarian 1730 GMT 7 Jun 89
Front, on Sunday, I am going to participate in the
founding of the people's party, etc.
[Text] [Announcer] The various forces of the order party
dictatorship [as heard] and revenge are dangerously
[Juszt] So, practically, you pay attention to everything.
present and can become stronger. Among other things,
this is what the draft appeal which was formulated today
[Szuros] The chairman of the National Assembly has to
by the organizers of the Movement for a Democratic
pay attention to everything.
Hungary contains. This movement wishes to gather
those people who undertake the national ascent, Euro-
[Juszt] Do you take part in any of these organizations as
pean progression, and the values of democratic socialism
a member?
together. Laszlo Juszt reports from the founding session.
[Szuros] No, not as a member.
[Begin recording] [Juszt] What could this organization
be called, to the founding of which you have just arrived?
[Juszt] The appeal says that it is the founding of the
Movement for a Democratic Hungary. Both you and
[Pozsgay] I do not even know whether it is an organiza-
Imre Pozsgay occupy a position in the government
tion or perhaps a movement, but the initiators have
power in which, it is not only your possibility but, I
already given a name to it: Movement for a Democratic
think, it is also your duty to fight for democracy and for
Hungary.
the constitutional statehood. In that position-that is, as
minister of interior or as minister of state, do you not
[Juszt] Who were the initiators? According to the news,
have the possibility?
you were the initiator.
[Szuros] Today, I think that the possibilities are increas-
[Pozsgay] I was also asked to take part in this movement
ingly better for this and the gates are opening forever
but this was talked about first in Szeged, at the meeting
wider. There was doubtless an earlier period, I was in
of the reform circles.
similar position then too, when in a different structure,
these possibilities were much more closed. [end recording]
[Juszt] Several people believe that this could be the core
of a future party, too.
Participant Views Discussions
LD0806095689 Budapest Domestic Service
[Pozsgay] I do not necessarily believe that one always
in Hungarian 1630 GMT 7 Jun
should think in the category of a party when gathering of
political strength is carried out. Here, now, the force of
[Text] Today those wanting a democratic Hungary con-
reform are gathering regardless their party membership
vened in Budapest for a session to prepare its founda-
or ideological belonging.
tion. Imre Pozsgay gave the introductory speech and
among other things he emphasized that the movement
[Juszt] So, do you reject the assumption that this is the
intends to pull together people who accept simulta-
basis of a future party?
neously the values of the rise of the nation, European
progress and democratic socialism regardless of the
[Pozsgay] I do not consider it impossible, but I do not
participants' party affiliation or organizational member-
think that this intention would have brought the partic-
ship. The discussion was chaired by university lecturer
ipants of today's meeting together.
Ferenc Gazso. Andras Kerekes interviewed him.
[Juszt] I read in MAI NAP [TODAY] that his new
[Begin recording] [Kerekes] What is the aim of such a
organization is to be founded for the democratic trans-
movement?
formation.
[Gazso] The movement's objective is to open a road for
[Szuros] That is right.
people committed to social transformation and demo-
cratic change in society and to change in the social model
[Juszt] But there one such organization has already been
of politics and participation in politics regardless of
founded, the New March Front. Do you not participate
party affiliation. In other words, it is not a movement
in that?
which is intent on becoming a party but it wants to
ensure a platform and means for those groups and
[Szuros] I take part in that as well, and also in this one.
individuals belonging to any party or even independent
FBIS-EEU-89-109
8 June 1989
24
HUNGARY
Demonstration Under Way
The Hungarian Government sincerely hopes that the
LD0806064289 Budapest Domestic Service
Chinese crisis will finally be solved and that the continu-
in Hungarian 1630 GMT 7 Jun 89
ing political reform will create the possibility for the
further advancement of the country.
[Text] [Announcer] A demonstration is under way in
Pozsgay Anticipates Implementation of Change
Budapest. It was ogranized by the Federation of Young
AU0706121489 Hamburg DIE WELT
Democrats and started at 1700. Our reporter, Zsuzsa
in German 7 Jun 89 p 10
Kun, reports from in front of the Chinese Embassy
building.
[Carl G. Stroehm report: "Pozsgay: There Will Be a
Change in Hungary in Any Event"]
[Kun] An opening speech, a poem, the lighting of can-
dles, and finally a petition to be submitted to the Chinese
[Excerpt] Budapest-The bloody events in Beijing have
ambassador. This is the agenda of the demonstration. I
increased the concerns of the reformers among the
have the text of the petition in my hand. Allow me to
Hungarian Communists and of the opposition groups
quote a few sentences from it:
that something similar might also happen in Hungary.
Answering a question asked by the Budapest magazine
We, the members of the Federation of Young Demo-
KEPES of whether there is an impending danger from
crats, who have been following the peaceful but deter-
those forces "who are even ready to defend their privi-
mined fight of the Chinese students for human rights
leges and the past with weapons in their hands," Polit-
with anxious confidence, we, who ourselves fight for
buro membér and State Minister Imre Pozsgay stated:
constitutional democracy in a crumbling communist
"This is conceivable."
dictatorship, are profoundly shaken by the news that the
conservative, militarist wing of your leadership, which
"Hungary wants the change," Pozsgay continued. This
has grabbed power for itself, pushing aside leaders who
change will either be brought about by peaceful means—
think more sensibly, and in the interest of their own
that is, by a real national consensus-or without it.
narrow-minded purposes and guided by sheer fear for
However, the country will also implement the change if
their position, has ordered the shooting of a peaceful,
the latter happens. But then it will come to "tragedies,"
unarmed crowd.
Pozsgay stated. [passage omitted]
The opening speech has just finished and it was received
Grosz Meets With Israeli Bank Leumi Chairman
with enthusiastic applause. Several hundred, perhaps
TA0706125089 Jerusalem Domestic Service
several thousands of people are present. But I will
in Hebrew 1200 GMT 7 Jun 89
continue reading the text of the petition: The act com-
mitted by your faceless leadership is a crime. It is
[Text] Moshe Zanbar, the chairman of Bank Leumi's
impossible to move in front of the building. Naturally,
Board of Directors, met with Karoly Grosz, the general
the building is protected by a police cordon. It is forbid-
secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party in Budap-
den even to step on to the sidewalk. I have managed to
est.
speak to one of the embassy secretaries but he did not
give any opinion about either the Beijing events the
The meeting was also attended by Ze'ev Ben-Tzur, the
Hungarian demonstrations. The organizers do not know
secretary of the Public Committee for the Preservation
yet how the demonstration is going to proceed or when is
of the Heritage of Hungarian Jewry.
it going to finish. I hope it will end just as peacefully as
it started and as it is going on at the moment.
No information was given regarding the issues discussed
during the meeting.
[Announcer] The Hungarian Government has expressed
its deep worry in a communique regarding the events in
Military Industry Budget Cuts Cause Problems
China, emphasizing, however, that it has no intention of
AU0706131089 Budapest NEPSZAVA
interfering in that country's internal affairs.
in Hungarian 2 Jun 89 p 5
At the same time, the government confirms its positiion
[Report by Correspondent Robert Gal: "Will There Be
that respect for general and fundamental human rights is
Further Manpower Cuts in the Military Industry? -
a mutual affair and the international responsibility of all
Some 8,000 to 10,000 Jobs To Be Eliminated in the
of us. Therefore, it cannot be an exclusive internal affair
Country-State Orders Could Drop by Half-Large
of any country.
Stocks of Products Accumulated in Warehouses"]
[Text] Defense expenditures are to be further cut accord-
Our shock regarding the tragic events is only increased
by the fact that they are happenning in a friendly
ing to the package plan submitted by the government on
socialist country which has pledged itself to the modern-
1 June. The National Assembly made a similar cut in
ization of society, to democratic development and
December 1988. A total of 8,000 to 10,000 jobs will
reforms.
become redundant in some 20 to 25 enterprises in the
Hungarian economy.
FBIS-EEU-89-107
6 June 1989
12
HUNGARY
[Fodor] Were invitations issued specially for this occa-
The government also dealt with the rehabilitation of the
sion?
people who had been interned between 1945 and 1949
(55,000), 1949 and 1953 (25,000) and after the 1956
[Horn] We did not invite anybody separately, as to
people's uprising (12,900).
whether the Historic Justice Committee has invited
anybody specially from abroad, we do not know.
The employment and pension of the people interned in
the period between 1949 and 1953 will be decided on by
[Fodor] You are not going to put any obstacle in the way
June 30, 1989, and further measures are expected in the
of the invitations?
matter of those interned between 1945 and 1949, and
after 1956, as early as September.
[Horn] No, we will not put any obstacle, either to the
invitations nor to the announcement. Thus, those who
Mr Marosan announced his resignaton, because as he
announce that they wish to travel to Hungary for the
said his honesty had been questioned in connection with
funeral service, will get their visa without any problems.
a statement he had made on measures hitting the popu-
lation at a press-briefing in early May, which he claims to
[Fodor] At this moment, the Historic Justice Committee
have been distorted.
is in session with the relatives as to whether the govern-
ment or the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party
[MSZMP] can participate in the funeral. What is. your
Miklos Nemeth Addresses National Assembly 2 Jun
personal position, or the government's position on this
LD0206194289 Budapest Domestic Service
matter?
in Hungarian 1025 GMT 2 Jun 89
[Pozsgay] Those who do not offend reverence should
[Address by Premier Miklos Nemeth to the National
take part, and the government itself is not a body whose
Assembly session in Budapest-live]
participation would offend reverence. I agree with Mik-
los Nemeth in this matter.
[Excerpts] Esteemed National Assembly. First of all I
would like to express my thanks for the understanding
But without an agreement, the affair cannot be con-
and support for the package plan now submitted by us. I
ducted, therefore I personally have decided, regardless of
also wish to express my thanks for the critical observa-
how the talks between the government and the Historic
tions; these can be utilized in the future work of the
Justice Committee end, that I myself will pay my
government and we shall learn from them. [passage
respects at the funeral service.
omitted]
[Forro] Thus, the government respects the stance of the
Several deputies who spoke in the debate touched upon
Historic Justice Committee.
our relations with the international financial institu-
tions. Does the IMF blackmail us? Or does the World
[Pozsgay] Yes, it does and it will not go beyond the
Bank blackmail us? What is the situation in this respect?
agreements. [end recording]
What detailed information is necessary for a correct
evaluation? Permit me to talk about the past as well in
this connection.
Council of Ministers Hold Session 5 Jun
LD0506222689 Budapest MTI in English
It is well known to you that we asked to be admitted to
2114 GMT 5 Jun 89
these two international financial institutions at the end
of 1981, and when we were admitted, thereby we suc-
ceeded in avoiding the most serious outcome, namely the
[Text] Budapest, June 5 (MTI)-The Council of Minis-
danger of Hungary joining by the middle of 1982 those
ters held a session on Monday. The government accepted
countries asking for their debts to be rescheduled. Unfor-
and approved the reports on the talks of Prime Minister
tunately, this would have happened. It also belongs to
Miklos Nemeth in Warsaw, Vienna and Prague.
this information that from 1979 to 1982 a particular
reorganization occurred in the world, which contained
Government spokeskan Gyorgy Marosan said: It became
political, financial-political and long-term elements of
obvious in the course of the Warsaw talks that the
politics and practice which one can dislike, one can
excoriate, but one cannot ignore.
objectives of Hungary and Poland are similar. The
Hungarian prime minister's visit to Prague proved to be
What do I have in mind? Besides many arguments and
more successful than expected. They managed to find a
considerations, which I do not want to go into on this
common ground in such delicate matters as the suspen-
occasion, what played a role in the indebtedness of the
sion of the Nagymaros dam project. His talks with the
socialist countries was the belief that these countries
Austrian chancellor were characterized by an atmo-
were backed up by the Soviet Union and if one of these
sphere of shared responsibility, calmness, objectivity
and a readiness for cooperation.
countries were to get into trouble, the Soviet Union, on
the basis of some sort of umbrella theory, would help it
FBIS-EEU-89-107
6 June 1989
13
HUNGARY
out, if necessary with billions of dollars and if necessary
market methods and not administrative methods must
with other means. When Poland fell among the countries
be employed in working out a market economy in
asking for rescheduling, this umbrella theory collapsed
Hungary, whether one talks about the external or the
from one day to the other.
internal market or the creation of an equilibrium. I think
that this aim is correct; this is what we profess as well.
However, parallel with this, another umbrella developed
The debate is in general about the extent and the rate of
in the world. This was the endeavor of the financial
progress. Just think of such things as import liberaliza-
institutions, or, if you like, of the banks and bankers, to
tion, price liberalization and the liberalization of the
go strictly by the international financial institutions in
wages mechanism.
their search for greater security, becoming more cau-
tious, and hardly entering into talks with countries in a
The second observation is that there should not be
critical situation unless so advised by the international
over-spending or, if there is-as there is in our budget-
financial institutions. [passage omitted]
then the government should finance the deficit from the
market; it should ensure the financing of the deficit
The agreements which we reached with the IMF and
through the means of the market rather than from
later with the World Bank were always at the initiative of
external loans through the Hungarian National Bank.
the Hungarian Government, and were always based on
This goal is present in our program as well. On this point
the Hungarian reform endeavors and reform programs.
the debate concerns how quickly and at what rate and
This initiative was often insufficiently decisive and
magnitudes we should comply with this.
courageous and this has also played a part in the fact that
between, say, 1984 and 1988 the country was not able to
The third is that there should be a realistic rate of
pursue an economic policy or a reform policy which
exchange in the economy so that we should be able to
could have prevented the almost doubling of our debts in
connect with the world, that we should achieve convert-
a, so to speak, third wave of indebtedness.
ibility as soon as possible, which is a fundamental
condition for our participation in the European and
I would like to stress the words, at our initiative, since we
world economy. Once again, our debates generally con-
came to agreements on the basis of our economic policy
cern the extent and the rate of progress.
and our annual plans. I would like to add that these
agreements were not reached without debates. After all,
Then, let there be a competitively neutral economic
an international financial organization, such as the IMF,
policy, neutrality between sectors, large enterprises and
has a different outlook, sees the world through different
small entrepreneurs or, in a different grouping, private
glasses, from a country such as Hungary, where, let us
and community property, state and cooperative sector;
admit, we are only now beginning to strengthen and
let them all start on an equal basis. There is no debate
expand the market mechanisms and, let us admit, inter-
between us regarding the goals and the endeavor in this
national life has not yet experienced such a determina-
sphere either. However, we are aware of the difficulties.
tion on our party which would have made it possible, as
Let me add, some of the objections are based on ideo-
an advance confidence, for us to acquire larger than the
logical grounds. We start along the path of a more
absolutely necessary sums.
marked import of working capital, and it is immediately
said in chorus that the government is selling off the
I can reasonably state that without these agreements
country. We start out along a political line whose basis is
Hungary would have been one of the countries asking for
that between 1945 and 1950 we over-nationalized, we try
a rescheduling without this necessary support, however
to correct this over-nationalization-that is, we want to
clever the previous or present leadership of the Hungar-
launch a reprivatization program within the framework
ian National Bank, it could not have raised these sums.
of a program for livening up enterprise, and there is
immediately protest, opposition, with at times personal,
We are going to change these things in regard to the
leadership interests behind it.
mechanism and our openness. We would not like this to
happen in secret. What we would like is to discuss, in the
Well, this is in brief the situation. We are conducting tough
government and elsewhere, the principles on the basis of
negotiations; they are tough and correct partners, but
which negotiations can be carried out with these organi-
breaking off relations at the present state of the country's
zations, and when we are seeking a longer-term agree-
indebtedness would be tragic and I would not recommend
ment, as we are now trying to reach one with the IMF to
it to anyone. I am convinced that the joint building of these
ensure the financing of a 3-year program, then we shall
relations benefits the Hungarian reform process and, indi-
submit to you the outlines, the basic elements, of this
rectly, every one of the socialist countries.
program.
Where the debates are misunderstood is that where we
What are their main proposals and what is the subject of
reach joint agreement on the basis of our annual plan and
debate? The observations and demands put forward by
budget and these financial organizations from time to time
them-which are far from what could be described as
review the implementation of the Hungarian program
blackmail-can be summarized in four points. We think,
points, the experience is that if we fall behind in the
and this is what they think as well, that in Hungary
implementation of the goals that we have formulated, they
FBIS-EEU-89-107
6 June 1989
14
HUNGARY
bring this up. Sometimes they do this in a tougher manner,
terms of its equipment, geographical location, is more
and this is how it is in the case of our program for the
modern and more mobile is justified. One has to look at
current year. In this system of relationship there is an
this and think about this in a responsible manner,
obligation to provide data in every quarter, in the interest
because the defense of the country, based on its defense
of security, particularly as regards the criteria that have
doctrine, and ensuring the minimal requirements neces-
been undertaken. If they do not see guarantees for certain
sary for it, is, I think, one of the fundamental criteria and
steps, then in line with the mechanism, something which
requirements on a government. This is true of any
we accepted when we joined, they either suspend the
government, not only the present one. Once we have
issuing of the loans signed for or wait till the govern-
come to the end of this review-and this will not be
ments-since this is so not only in the case of Hungary-
much longer by now-we shall determine, taking the
take the necessary correcting measures.
country's ability to bear burdens, its social problems,
also into consideration, that smallest sum which is
I would not like to leave anything in the dark concerning
adequate to meet the just-mentioned requirement. How-
this whole question; our policy in relation to them is that
ever, before completing this work I would not regard it as
we should remain in touch with them in the interests of
advisable to modify this sum. Naturally, it is right of the
ensuring the necessary resources, let them help in the
National Assembly to adopt a position in accordance
expansion of the Hungarian reform and through it the
with its best convictions, however, I would like you to
improvement of the lending instincts or abilities of the
take into consideration what I have just said.
Hungarian private banks, commercial banks.
I was asked how much aid we give to other countries.
As a connected question, I would like to deal with the
[passage omitted] In the 4 years between 1984 and 1988
issue of what has happened with the tremendous amount
we devoted 5.2 billion forints to these aids. This practice
of money, debt, that I have spoken about. I do not wish
is present internationally in every country; this sum in
to go into any economic discourse here, however, let me
the period indicated shows that we have not taken this to
set out some points in the interest of better understand-
excess and will not do so in the future either. In the plan
ing. [passage omitted] I would like to state that between
for 1989, or in the budget, two billion forints are
1984 and 1988 there were only 2 years, 1986 and 1987,
allocated to this purpose and the reduction relates to this
when the Hungarian balance of trade was in a deficit. In
figure. [passage omitted]
the other years we had a positive balance. What is more,
there was an overall positive balance. This means that
despite the enormous debts, we were not importing but
Nemeth, Austria's Vranitzky Discuss Nagymaros
exporting resources.
AU2605081189 Vienna DIE PRESSE in German
26 May 89 p 1
This is a very paradoxical phenomenon. It is connected
with the two factors: First the extremely high cost of the
interest payments on the accumulated debts. [passage
[Text] Vienna-On Thursday [25 May] in Vienna Hun-
omitted] Second, another cost that may be involved in
garian Premier Miklos Nemeth affirmed his country's
the management of a stock of debt is that the reevalua-
readiness to stick to the contract on the delivery of
tions of certain currencies sometimes results in gains and
electricity to Austria despite the probably final stop to
sometimes in losses for a country. Thus, I would like to
the construction of the Nagymaros Danube power plant.
end this mistaken belief that this money was invested in
After a meeting with Chancellor Franz Vranitzky in
the economy. Some of it was invested in it-in Septem-
Schwarzenberg Palace, Nemeth said that, within the
ber I would like to give a precise account of how this
framework of the new Hungarian energy program, plans
developed since 1971, how much of the accumulated
are being developed on how the energy demands of both
debt went into the economic structure and investments
Austria and Hungary can be met with smaller power
and how much burden came about as the result of the
plants.
accumulated debt. [passage omitted]
Several speakers touched upon the question of defense,
As during his visit to Prague on Wednesday [24 May],
and further reduction of the support given for the
preconditions for a joint international study of ecologi-
expenditures of the armed forces and social organs. I
cal and economic aspects of the reservoir project were
would not recommend to the esteemed National Assem-
established in Vienna, Nemeth said. However, the
bly that reductions greater than those proposed by the
amount of potential payments has not been discussed.
government should be effected in either area. At the
same time I would like to state in connection with the
Chancellor Vranitzky said that the essential basis of
reformulation of the security policy and defense doctrine
further negotiations is Hungary's assurance that the
of the country-on which we are working together with
contract on the delivery of electricity remains valid and
the military and foreign political leadership, and where
that any payments or costs that Austrian companies have
we can see the end of the tunnel-that, naturally, the
to incur because of Hungary's cancellation of the power
demand that there should be a smaller Army-let me say
plant project will be met by the Hungarian side. The
it like that for the sake of simplicity-but one which in
principle of "strict calculation, good friends" is valid.
FBIS-EEU-89-107
6 June 1989
18
HUNGARY
Marothy Rejects Criticism
Department, gave advice to ex-Politburo member Fer-
LD0206224389 Budapest MTI in English
enc Havasi, whose economic policy activity Nemeth now
1722 GMT 2 Jun 89
is forced to criticize. Nemeth replies that Havasi was a
reform politician working to the best of his ability in a
[Text] Budapest, June 2 (MTI)-In the debate over the
certain environment, and it is the decision-making
controversial Gabcikovo-Nagymaros barrage system,
mechanism rather than the individual that should be
Laszlo Marothy, minister for the environment and water
criticized.
management, made an impromptu speech in which he
categorically rejected the accusations against him which
Nemeth is asked the reason for haste in economic
suggested he had misled parliament in the motions
matters. In reply he refers to the great burden this
presented earlier.
government has had to take on as a legacy from the past,
and to the gravity of the current situation.
Mr Marothy reported that nowadays many responsible
leaders were thinking seriously about the limit to
A listener asks if the government intends new legislation
remaining in public office in the present state of affairs.
with regard to pensions. Nemeth replies that work on a
He himself had been pondering on this, but now was not
new pension law has been going on for some time, it is
the time to take stock.
obvious that this law is needed within the framework of
radically reforming the social policy system.
Nemeth Answers Questions on Phone-in Show
Vizinger then says:
"Let us look ahead to 16 June. How
LD0406151489 Budapest Domestic Service
do regard this?"
in Hungarian 0700 GMT 4 Jun 89
Nemeth says this day will be a watershed, a day of
["Calling telephone 338-378" phone-in program, pre-
national reconciliation and mourning, the opening of
sented by Istvan Vizinger, with Prime Minister Miklos
another phase in which energies must be turned to the
Nemeth as guest-live in studio]
tasks of the future. "The government also felt itself
obliged to insure conditions connected with the study of
[Summary from poor reception] The first part of this
the trial documents. it is my current view that the
interview deals exclusively with Nemeth's private life,
supreme state prosecutor will be able to express his legal
questions being put by Vizinger relating to Nemeth's
stance before the burial. In essence, it can be seen from
family, his hobbies, and so on. Nemeth says obviously
the investigations to date that this whole (?crime) con-
his responsibilities mean he has less time to spend with
tained conceptional elements and was unlawful, even
his family than before, but at the end of the week they do
according to the legal regulations existing then. Taking
discuss the week's successes and failures with his chil-
all this into account I can say that with this, the legal and
dren. He and his wife like going to concerts; he discusses
in essence political rehabilitation of Imre Nagy and his
his work with his wife. He outlines how he spends
companions will take place. If all this is so-and I would
Sundays, adding that nowadays he often has work to do
say it will be so-then before the funeral we would like in
on both Saturdays and Sundays. He goes on to say they
a government statement to urge everyone to behave
have a modest flat, bought with parental help. Asked
responsibly. This is not an occasion for parties to com-
about the decision to suspend the construction work at
pete with each other in (?how true) Imre Nagy was. The
Nagymaros, Nemeth again outlines the points made in
day of the burial of Imre Nagy and his companions, as I
his National Assembly speech, saying that investigations
emphasized, must be a day of reconcoliation and accord.
are being carried out during the period of suspension.
Vizinger: "Will you be there in Heroes' Square and the
A listener asks Nemeth if he has ever thought of leaving
cemetery on 16 June?"
the Politburo and carrying out his premieral duties as a
simple party member, with greater independence. Nem-
Nemeth: We have continually worked together in the
eth replies that the present situation is a transitory
preparatory work with the families and the Committee
period of breaking with the party-state structure, but in a
for Historical Justice, and one of our guiding principles
future coalition government, in which everyone repre-
is to do everything according to the wishes of the family.
sents some party or platform, the question will not be so
important. Thus it will resolve itself after the next
Vizinger: "National Assembly Speaker Matyas Szuros
elections, which will be contested by all parties.
said yesterday on the Hours' program that he con-
sidered it probable that Miklos Nemeth would place a
Asked how he can carry the burden of responsibility in so
wreath on behalf of the government, with the two state
many matters, Nemeth replies this is why the govern-
ministers present."
ment has advisors and advisory bodies, and why the
government attaches greater importance than before to
Nemeth: "I would place the emphasis on the word
the opinions of scientists and academicians. Vizinger
probable. We still must consult with the family mem-
points out the contradiction that Nemeth, when working
bers. We will find the way to do this next week. I, too,
for the party Central Committee's Economic Policy
consider it probable."
FBIS-EEU-89-107
6 June 1989
19
HUNGARY
Vizinger: "What happens if the Committee for Histori-
disagreed with, say in the case of public opinion or the
cal Justice does not (?allow) the government to partici-
people, but there can be no argument regarding anyb-
pate?
doy's right to evaluate in a certain way."
Nemeth: "Then I say now, if such a sentence were to be
Vizinger: "I respect your indication that this short space
voiced, that we respect the indication and stance of the
of time is not really sufficient for us to talk about this
Committee for Historical Justice or of the family. At the
period in detail. We will hold a short break, but first, one
same time, as a private individual, anyone, even a
more question in this connection: Is it planned to make
Central Committee member or a government member,
23 October a holiday?"
can participate in the funeral. This is one thing; it is
something else for him to place a wreath on behalf of the
Nemeth: "We still have to talk about many things, both
government.
among ourselves and with the alternative organizations.
I think it is still too early to raise the question of whether
Vizinger: "So, does this mean that whatever happens in
or not 23 October will be a national holiday. I would
the coming days, Miklos Nemeth will definitely be there
consider it too hasty to say a determined yes, but just as
in person?"
hasty to reply with a determined no." [break for music]
Nemeth: "In all probability, yes."
Asked the definition of a reformer, Nemeth replies that
a reformer is someone who, in the existing conditions
Vizinger: "We have received a question without a name:
and taking reality into consideration, wants faster
"What is your opinion on the evaluation of 1956?"
progress in achieving a breakthrough. However, every
reformer also has a yearning for stability, and thus can be
Nemeth: A long task of investigation lies ahead of us.
accused of being a fundamentalist. Let everyone decide
"What is certain is that on 23 October there was an
for himself whether he is a reformer or a fundamentalist.
uprising, a popular uprising against a Stalinist system, a
system of despotic rule, an uprising that formulated
Asked when, in his opinion, the elections should be held,
rightful and just demands, but in the course of time, the
Nemeth says that this should be agreed between the
events became more complicated, both internally and
parties. There are many arguments in favor of early
externally. As to what evaluation can be given of these
elections, particularly the uncertainty in the country, but
events, we still need numerous internal and external
the parties must be given the chance to prepare them-
pieces of information, facts, and documents. I dare hope
selves organizationally.
and trust that the socialist countries concerned will help
in this work. It would be very good if this were to reach
a resting place as soon as possible, and be given its place
Vizinger: "With the elections there will be a division of
in our history. However, a long, long time is needed to
power. Can you envisage that the Hungarian Socialist
prepare an evaluation that will put everyone's mind at
Workers Party [MSZMP] might let go of the ministries
rest, for individual people lived through these days and
of defense, interior, or foreign affairs? If so, how can the
the events in different ways.
Warsaw Pact conduct talks with a defense minister who
belongs to the opposition?
"What is certain is that this was a national tragedy. It
also is certain that a fratricidal war was fought in the
Nemeth: "I have never heard of a party anywhere in the
country, and that both sides were convinced they were
world which approaches elections not wanting to win.
right. However, we must not forget one thing: Hungarian
Well, let us return to this question after the elections. I
blood was spilled on Hungarian soil, so these events
believe that the MSZMP will remain in power, even if
must be looked at dispassionately, soberly, and very
sharing power with coalition partners. This is in the
factually, and so must the statements by Imre Nagy and
interest of the country as well, and it is also in the
Janos Kadar, and the way these statements changed, so
interest of international politics. It will then be a ques-
that the events may never be repeated. We must carefully
tion of negotiations who gets which ministries. Natu-
examine the changing circumstances at the time and why
rally, the three ministries mentioned are key ones, but as
the (?attitudes) of the individual sides changed. I would
to which will go to whom, this is not something I can
not like to go too deeply into this here on this radio
predict at the present time."
program. I only want to convey how great is the respon-
sibility of historians and political scientists, and that
Nemeth is asked for his estimate of how much support
they must be given every opportunity to give the most
the opposition has in the country. He says that there is
[word indistinct], precise and nuanced evaluation of
no way of telling; the elections will reveal the answer.
events possible. In general, the people, public opinion,
have their own opinion, their own stance on every event.
On the question of whether there can be a reform
Often the official interpretation of an event does not
dictatorship, he says that a firm reform line is not a
coincide. We must work so that the two become closer
reform dictatorship, it is in the fundamental interest of
and coincide. An evaluation can be condemned; it can be
the country.
FBIS-EEU-89-107
6 June 1989
20
HUNGARY
Vizinger: "Laszlo Szegoe, from Szeged, asks: When will
"Second, it is very important for leaders to be able to say
it become timely for the country to become neutral and
what they think on basic issues. If this differs from the
to leave the Warsaw Pact?"
views of another leader, if the emphases are placed
differently, then this is not a matter of conflicts, friend-
Nemeth: "Well, this is not a decision for a country alone.
ship, or personalities, but of a different type of thinking,
Much depends on the position and interests of the great
a different system of values, and so on. Our society also
powers. Thus, it is not just a matter of what Hungary
will gradually have to become used to the idea that on
thinks on this matter. We must endeavor to stabilize the
given issues there can be differences between leaders, but
balance of strength at the lowest possible level of arma-
that nonetheless they are in the leadership of the same
ments. We must work on eliminating the existing mili-
party, they serve the same policy, and so on. In this
tary alliances; then, if I may say so, it is almost as a
sense, I consider that the question put to me is exagger-
matter of organic development that we will achieve
ated, and that the fact that it is put to me so sharply and
neutrality. For this, the East-West dialogue must be
so often is connected with the level of our political
strengthened. We are progressing in the right direction.
culture."
We must strengthen the economic relations because if
the trade and economic relations are strong, then these
Vizinger: "In that case, I will not question you further
military and military-political questions take a back seat.
about this conflict, but it is perhaps no exaggeration to
say that for someone who reads the papers, watches
television and listens to the radio, it appears that the
"I regard it as very important to move toward neutrality,
power situation today is that there are three outstanding,
but let us be realistic; let us be objective, this is what I
strong politicians: Karoly Grosz, Imre Pozsgay, and
wanted to stress when I mentioned the great powers, the
Miklos Nemeth."
balance of strength."
Nemeth: "I think we should include Rezso Nyers."
Asked when this generation of Hungarians will come to
the point of making their own decisions on the country's
Vizinger: "One could, naturally, include others as well. I
future, Nemeth says that he is confident this is immi-
think that these names can be linked in various config-
nent. Fortunately, the international background is prom-
urations. The question is this: Do these people belong to
ising in this respect.
the same power center-they are Politburo members—
or do they represent different forces within it? Is it the
Vizinger: "Melinda Botta, mathematics teacher, asks:
case that they each support someone and consequently
Would you profess friendship with Karoly Grosz in front
do not support someone else, even if they actually
of public opinion, or are you one of those who want to
happen to agree? [words indistinct]
become popular by denying him?"
Nemeth: "The government is a policy-making executive
Nemeth: "Well, in politics categories such as friendship
power center, which sets the pace of reform, both polit-
and personal links are not the most appropriate, in my
ically and economically. In this respect, there can be
opinion. At the very beginning, when the National
links as well as conflicts between the people working in
Assembly elected me premier, people said that I was not
the political sphere, the party leadership, and those in
independent, that I was Karoly Grosz' man. Nowadays,
the government. After all, the party pursues the right
when I hear criticisms, they ask why there is not greater
policy when it restricts itself to the strategic direction,
unity within the leadership and why there are conflicts
whereas in the government it is the specifics that are
on certain issues between Karoly Grosz and Miklos
dealt with. I think that in this reform spirit there is scope
Nemeth."
for the development of a new type of unity, but let me
stress once again, this will contain different shades; the
Vizinger: "Are there really conflicts between you?"
different approaches will manifest themselves and peo-
ple will line up behind them. This is what we wanted,
Nemeth: "This is what public opinion says, but I would
that it should be more colorful, that differences in
like to say the following in this connection: First, the
interest should manifest themselves, that platforms
time is past-and it is a very good thing that it is
should appear. It is my conviction that this will lead to
past-when a leadership had to show monolithic unity
better decisions on the questions of the future."
on every issue, using the same words in the same way
before public opinion. I mention only in parentheses that
Nemeth is asked whether he has plans for a government
there were conflicts inside the old leadership as well, in
reshuffle soon. He says that there is no need for a
earlier politburos, too, only they did not become public.
reshuffle now. At the same time, "It is no secret that we
However, publicity is different now from what it was
are working on the reorganization of government work
even 10-12 months ago, and it is right that it should be
in the functional areas, meaning planning, the budget,
different. It provides greater social control; it insures
prices, wages, and SO on. If the organizational changes
that people can decide which ideas by which politicians
bring forth a need for further personnel changes-and
contain a kernel of truth.
this is something that we will be able to see at the end of
FBIS-EEU-89-107
6 June 1989
21
HUNGARY
this year or the beginning of the next-then there will be
much as possible in international forums. We did that in
changes, but I trust that the present team is united and
Vienna, Geneva, and New York, and expressed our
knows what it wants; it does not need to be reshuffled."
position,
because Romania is a party to international
agreements.
Vizinger notes that the questions not answered on this
program will dealt with in MAGYAR HIRLAP and the
UJ TUEKOER.
LIBERATION: Do you intend to invoke the CSCE's
monitoring mechanisms in the human rights sphere
against Romania?
French Daily Interviews Foreign Minister Horn
PM0606105889 Paris LIBERATION in French
Gyula Horn: Yes.
1 Jun 89 pp 29-30
LIBERATION: But Romania refuses to bow to the rules
[Interview with Foreign Minister Gyula Horn by Pierre
contained in the text signed in Vienna.
Haski-date and place not given]
Gyula Horn: That is unacceptable. I expressed my posi-
tion in my speech: The pledges which we signed apply to
[Text] LIBERATION: Do the Warsaw Pact countries
all countries. I hope that Romania will change its posi-
still have a common view of human rights?
tion in the light of international stances.
Gyula Horn: This general common view of human rights
did not even exist in a monolithic way in the past. Each
LIBERATION: What do you think is preventing Roma-
nia from moving toward greater freedom?
country had its own national peculiarities depending on
the style of the ruling party. What is very important is
that the civilized interpretation and practice of human
Gyula Horn: (He $miled-LIBERATION editor's note)
rights has begun in a number of countries-in the Soviet
You will have to put that question to the Romanian
Union, in Poland, and in Hungary. This is a great step
delegate. But in every society it is politics which decides
forward, primarily in these three countries.
things and you may have to seek the reasons for this
behavior in politics.
LIBERATION: This gives rise to major discrepancies
among the speeches by the East European countries at
LIBERATION: There is a dispute between you and
the CSCE.
another of your neighbors-Czechoslovakia-following
the cancellation of the construction of the Nagymaros
Gyula Horn: These countries do not have any concerted
dam in Hungary. How do you plan to settle that?
positions. The Warsaw Pact is not concerned with
human rights issues, it has other functions. There are no
Gyula Horn: Our prime minister visited Prague recently.
norms to follow in the human rights sphere. We think
We want to find a solution to this problem through
that the path to be followed is that of the civilized
negotiation. Our aim is to change the agreement, not to
implementation of the international norms of human
cancel it. There is no question of violating the agree-
rights.
ment, but it must be modified to take account of
ecological dangers. My feeling is that there is a desire to
LIBERATION: Does the fact that you are developing
open such negotiations on the Czechoslovak side.
differently from your partners cause problems for you?
LIBERATION: To what extent has Gorbachev's restruc-
Gyula Horn: It would obviously be desirable for our
turing helped the Hungarian reforms?
thinking to go in the same direction. It is not a good thing
to have disparities. But Hungarian policy is not con-
cerned with measuring the differences. We are following
Gyula Horn: The Hungarian process started indepen-
our own path with our own people and our own
dently and, even now, it is continuing on the basis of our
demands.
own decisions. At the same time, events in the USSR are
a major contribution. For instance, the USSR began to
LIBERATION: In your speech you mentioned the ques-
practice openness before us. Glasnost in the USSR is a
tion of minorities, referring to Romania. How are you
stimulus for Hungary. The important thing is that the
continuing your action in favor of the Hungarian minor-
Soviet leadership is open to the modernization of bilat-
ity in Transylvania?
eral relations between Hungary and the USSR.
Gyula Horn: It is obvious that we are not able to achieve
LIBERATION: Is the "Brezhnev doctrine" (of limited
results in the sphere of bilateral relations with Romania.
sovereignty in the Eastern bloc-LIBERATION editor's
The Romanian side is not prepared to discuss these
note) finished?
problems. We are making proposals which they reject
without even negotiating. What we are doing is talking as
Gyula Horn: I do not think it could ever return.
FBIS-EEU-89-106
5 June 1989
HUNGARY
7
Budapest Urges Postponement of Visits to PRC
Views Romanian Problem
LD0406175889 Budapest Domestic Service
LD0306083589 Budapest Domestic Service
in Hungarian 1630 GMT 4 Jun 89
in Hungarian 0800 GMT 3 Jun 89
[Text] The Hungarian Foreign Ministry has stated that
our Beijing Embassy has taken the necessary steps to
[Text] The FRG could help set the Hungarian economy
protect the Hungarian citizens staying in the Chinese
to rights with entrepreneurial capital. Imre Pozsgay,
capital. At the same time they call on all those who want
minister of state, spoke about this in an interview given
to the West German ZDF television. The Politburo
to travel to China in the coming days on an official or
member made the statement at the end of his visit to the
private trip to postpone their journey in view of the tense
situation.
FRG. In connection with Romania, he declared that in
the eyes of the Hungarians, Nicolae Ceausescu embodies
the policy of trampling human rights underfoot, result-
ing in tens and hundreds being deprived of home and
Citizens in Beijing Warned
country. He added that it is not a question of a Hungar-
LD0506105589 Budapest Domestic Service
ian-Romanian, but a European problem.
in Hungarian 1000 GMT 5 Jun 89
In reply to the question of whether he has chances for the
[Text] The 20 Hungarian students studying on scholar-
post of general secretary, Imre Pozsgay said that he is not
ships in the Chinese capital have been moved into the
striving for the office, but if the forces of renewal have to
Hungarian Embassy, because rumors have been spread-
be led, then he will accept this post.
ing that the Army might enter the universities.
The 60 Hungarian citizens staying in Beijing are other-
wise safe and sound. However, our embassy has
Comments on Reform
appealed to them not to leave their places of residence if
AU0306201189 Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER
possible.
RUNDSCHAU in German 3 Jun 89 p 12
The Foreign Ministry in Budapest has declared that if
[Interview with State Minister Imre Pozsgay by ZDF
the severity of the military measures in Beijing is further
journalists Klaus Bresser and Klaus-Dieter Siegloch in
increased, then wives and children may have to be
Mainz, based on an interview aired by Mainz ZDF
recalled. They reminded people that similar measures
television network in a program entitled "What next, Mr
were taken at the time of the Chinese Cultural Revolu-
Pozsgay?" at 2055 GMT on 2 June. FRANKFURTER
tion.
RUNDSCHAU "reprints the ZDF interview on the
basis of a copy received from the broadcasting station"]
Poszgay Interviewed by FRG Television Station
[Text] Bresser: What next Mr Pozsgay? Hungary is
regarded as the most important country of reform within
Says Hungary Not To Leave Pact
the communist bloc, and you are seen as the driving force.
Some people call you the "Hungarian Gorbachev." In
LD0306090189 Budapest Domestic Service
reality, however, you go much further than Gorbachev. Is
in Hungarian 0500 GMT 3 Jun 89
communism dead? This is my first question.
[Text] Bonn-Our homeland will not try to leave the
Pozsgay: The type of communism that was created
Warsaw Pact because despite the existence of the military
during the Stalin era is certainly dead. Proof has been
blocs, it still is possible to conduct an open foreign policy,
furnished that this type of communism does not work.
said Imre Poszgay, minister of state and member of the
Its human side is not acceptable for the people who live
Hungarian Socialist Workers Party Central Committee
under this type of communism. It cannot be reformed.
Politburo in his statement to West Germany's ZDF tele-
For this reason, what was created by Stalin, which is
vision station. The politician emphasized: We are open
described as the Stalinist model, must be abolished. It
economically, we are taking part in regional unions, and
cannot be reformed. This is the essence of Hungarian
we are not hindered in these by the Warsaw Pact.
reforms, which deviate considerably from other reform
efforts. However, I must add that the Soviet Union has
On those guilty in the Imre Nagy trial, Imre Pozsgay said
to tackle quite different tasks and that it is pursuing quite
that another judicial calling-to-account is unlikely, for
different goals from Hungary. Hungary is more in a
then the affair never could be closed. Speaking about the
position to operate as a ferryboat, both because of its size
role of Janos Kadar, he emphasized-the Hungarian
and flexibility.
leader must be judged by a later age. According to
Poszgay, Janos Kadar was a contradictory personality,
Siegloch: Mr Pozsgay, you have started a number of
who can also be accused of compromise, but at the same
time must be credited with the consolidation and
reforms to abolish this Stalinist model. You made pos-
sible the founding of other parties, besides the Commu-
upsurge in Hungary.
nist Party. You wanted to participate as a candidate in
FBIS-EEU-89-106
5 June 1989
8
HUNGARY
free elections next year. However, do you really think
Pozsgay: Democracy in a showcase is useful. I would like
that the Communist Party will accept a possible loss of
to stress this. And if real democracy is displayed in this
the majority in these elections?
showcase, this can be attractive for the people. I under-
stand the distrust of the opposition; it has good reason
Pozsgay: This is the only way, if it accepts and takes into
for not trusting the party, particularly if we recall the
consideration the status of the minority or the opposi-
period between 1945 and 1948, a period when pluralism
tion. Of course, nobody can seriously expect a political
was abolished and dismantled in Hungary, for which this
party to enter an election campaign or elections with the
party is responsible. However, I would like to add that
intention to suffer a defeat. However, the new electoral
we really need Western capital, but we do not make our
law must ensure that all groups are given the same
society more democratic and human with this in mind.
chances, that open competition becomes possible. The
Capital is not overscrupulous in choosing social or
rules of this competitive situation must include that we,
political systems. If this were not the case, how could one
the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party [MSZMP], strug-
explain the fact that more foreign capital is being
gle for a majority.
invested in Burundi, for example, than in Hungary? I
would not say that Burundi has a more civilized system
Bresser: Mr Pozsgay, this means that you risk the dis-
than Hungary.
mantling of the communist system. You consciously
accept the risk that communism and this system, which
Siegloch: Let us take a look at reality. For the population
you have had since the war, will no longer exist after the
in Hungary, the reforms mean first of all lower wages and
election, during which others may emerge as the winners.
runaway inflation; there is even unemployment, a phe-
nomenon that has so far been unknown in socialism. Are
Pozsgay: Yes, we definitely calculate this risk. However,
these the sacrifices that you expect the population to
those who want free elections must be prepared to take
make for the reforms?
this risk. You are quite right: If the MSZMP wants to be
consistent in this electoral system, it must take into
Pozsgay: These sacrifices are necessary; we cannot carry
consideration and be prepared to accept the dismantling,
out the reforms without them. This is why we need
the failure of the system. However, I am confident that
democracy. In my view, there is nobody else in our
Hungarian society would accept a democratic socialism
country who could make these sacrifices other than the
that ensures democracy, a socialism that is not created
people themselves. However, in this case the people
on drawing boards in laboratories, but that grows from
should have the right to determine who is to be called to
below on the basis of human rights and of human
account for what happened in the past and for whom it
freedom. This is my idea of a democratic society, where
is ready to make sacrifices in order to catch up with the
the market, the market economy, and enterprises exist,
world economy. This will be a difficult path which will
but where solidarity among the people also assumes an
require real sacrifices. Western political and economic
important role.
support may have a moderating effect, and the West may
also benefit from the resulting changes. Hungary does
Bresser: Are you sure that the Communist Party will get
not want any alms. Hungary wants to prove to Europe
the majority of the votes?
that it really fits into the picture of a unified Europe.
Hungary would also like to point out that the European
Pozsgay: Yes, I hope so and I am confident. However,
balance would be endangered if the Hungarian crisis
this will no longer be a party of the old style, but a
were to end in a catastrophe.
renewed party that has come to terms with its past,
which has reappraised its past, which has come to terms
Bresser: You have toured the FRG during the past few
with its sins, which supports the above-mentioned Euro-
days. How can Bonn and the Germans support your
pean socialist values, and which is no longer based on
reform course?
certain ideological principles, but a political party that is
prepared to wage a political struggle, and which offers
Pozsgay: In various ways. In political terms, they can
ideological positions to its members that can be sup-
help by following and observing the development in
ported by the people, that seem authentic and legitimate
Hungary attentively, and by making the public aware of
to the people, and which are in a position to provide new
what happens in Hungary. This television program is a
accents to this policy. Those who are responsible for the
very good example of this. I believe that the media could
sins of the previous system will be pushed into the
help us a great deal today. World attention must con-
background.
tinue to focus on events in Hungary. This is the fourth
attempt in Hungary during the past 45 years to find a
Siegloch: Mr Pozsgay, all this sounds very good. How-
way out of the existing situation. For this reason, Hun-
ever, quite a number of members of the Hungarian
gary is currently playing a role that goes far beyond its
opposition are skeptical about whether you are serious
geographical size and its political significance. We must
about what you are saying. Your democratization is a
be aware of this; we must start from this basis. There is
mere show for Western money lenders, Hungarian oppo-
another aspect to financial support: If active capital is
sition members have claimed. Do you want to save
invested in Hungary, if investors are ready to invest
Hungary's ailing economy with Western capital?
capital in Hungary, it can be guaranteed that the profit
FBIS-EEU-89-106
5 June 1989
9
HUNGARY
can be transferred back in convertible currencies.
The question concerning the Warsaw Pact is something
Another thing should be borne in mind: The FRG could
completely different. I think that the start of the with-
also provide credit capital to help us establish strong
drawal of Soviet troops from Hungary is an important
medium-sized enterprises in the private sector, which
factor of international detente, and this has apparently
need loans to acquire modern technologies, know-how,
been noticed by the international public. However, I
et cetera, so that strong medium-sized private enter-
would also like to state that Hungary considers itself to
prises can be created in Hungary.
be sufficiently sovereign. The opponents to the reforms
in our country cannot rely on support among the popu-
lation. On the other hand, Hungary does not want to
Siegloch: Well, this was an appeal to the German enter-
disturb the balance on major international issues. For
prises to become active in Hungary. You said that the
this reason, Hungary expects the large, opposing military
reforms you want to tackle now are an admission ticket
blocs to develop sooner or later into bodies for interna-
for Hungary to Europe, to Western Europe. If the the
tional dialogue and to finally abolish themselves. At this
single market becomes effective in the EC countries at
point, Hungary will know what place to occupy in this
the beginning of 1993, would you like to participate?
new European order.
Pozsgay: Hungary has no illusions. What I say is, of
Siegloch: Mr Pozsgay, this is a very future-oriented
course, an appeal to the German economy, to the Ger-
perspective. To define your government's room for
man enterprises, to become an active Hungary. I think
maneuver, let me specifically ask how far Hungary can
that entrepreneurs usually like to take risks, and that
go. Is it possible for Hungary to leave the Warsaw Pact
they recognize advantages that may result in the form of
against Moscow's will?
compensation deals and from competition. They should
carefully think things over. Concerning closer relations
Pozsgay: Hungary does not want to make such an
with the EC, we have already concluded a limited
attempt, and Hungary does not want to answer this
agreement with the EC, which, however, is of outstand-
question. We have had certain experiences in this respect
ing political significance. It will be very difficult for
which suggest that a sovereign policy can be pursued
Hungary to go beyond this agreement. Considering the
already at this point, now that more understanding has
huge crisis package that we are carrying on our backs, it
been achieved between the military blocks, and that one
will hardly be possible for Hungary to be accepted by the
can act without taking into consideration the logic of the
EC. We are well aware of this fact. We are realistic in this
blocks. I have already stated that we have opened up our
respect. On the other hand, in order to learn how the
economy, that we are present in the world market, with
market works and to learn how to produce competitive
all our deficiencies, of course. We have established
goods, we must and would like to participate in a tough
contact with all European institutions, and we also
market like that of the EC, even if we will not become a
participate in certain regional cooperation. The Warsaw
member. Of course, we would not reject membership,
Pact does not interfere with this. For this reason, the
but I would like to repeat that we are realistic. We do not
Hungarian public does not consider this a decisive
believe that the EC is very keen on our membership. As
question at this point that would determine the fate of
far as the European institutions are concerned, such as
the Hungarian reforms.
the Council of Europe or the European Parliament, we
would like to participate.
Bresser: Mr Pozsgay, you have arrived here as a transit
traveller from the GDR. What do you tell the comrades
Bresser: That means you would welcome closer ties. You
in East Berlin who are concerned that GDR citizens
started something else in your country. On your 340-km
might escape to the West across the open border in
border with Austria, you started to dismantle the Iron
Hungary?
Curtain, to remove the signaling installations and the
barbed wires. Where will this lead? Will you continue to
Pozsgay: This issue was not raised. They did not ask me
be a member of the Warsaw Pact or do you consider it
questions in this respect. However, if they were to ask me
possible to withdraw from it?
I would recommend to them that they trust their own
citizens. They should not be afraid of granting exist visas
Pozsgay: The dismantling of the Iron Curtain, as you
to them for visiting Hungary. There they will be accepted
called it-let us use the technical term of the elimination
with hospitality. I do not think that the elimination of
of the technical frontier barrier-is a real political act on
technical frontier barriers has a decisive impact on the
the part of Hungary. This is an expression of the fact that
life of citizens of a country or that it changes their lives.
the Hungarians citizens are free. They have a passport
On the other hand, it is not our task to concern ourselves
that is valid for the whole world, and they are free to
with the citizens of other countries. Hungary will con-
leave the country whenever they want. For this reason,
tinue to extend hospitality to GDR citizens.
the Hungarian Border Troops do not defend the Hun-
garian border against Hungarian citizens. We wanted to
Bresser: It has become common practice in this program
demonstrate that we observe this basic principle, and I
to mention some issues to which we ask you to reply
believe that the elimination of the technical frontier
spontaneously and briefly, with one word, for example.
barrier is a symbol of our attitude.
The first one is Solidarity.
FBIS-EEU-89-106
5 June 1989
10
HUNGARY
Pozsgay: Cooperation among workers comes to my mind,
experiences, that the majority of the basis, the majority
and the first attempt that was made in Eastern Europe to
of our members, think that the 1956 events were a
bring about changes by peaceful means. In Hungary this
popular uprising. In this way, the party is acquiring a
takes place through the establishment of parties, in Poland
new identity.
on the basis of a trade union movement.
Bresser: At the time, the insurgents made the former
Siegloch: The Berlin Wall.
prime minister, Imre Nagy, again prime minister. After
the failure of the uprising, he was executed. Now, in 2
Pozsgay A long-lasting episode in European history, an
weeks' time, he will be buried again in a ceremony. Will
expression of the suffering of the German people.
those who were responsible at the time be called to
account after 30 years?
Bresser: Ceausescu, the head of state of your neighboring
country, Romania.
Pozsgay: I do not think that one should call them to
account by taking them to court. In this way, the process
surrounding Imre Nagy would never come to an end. What
Pozsgay: In the Hungarian's view, he embodies an arro-
took place at the time was a judicial murder. Legal
gant and misanthropic policy that tramples on human
proceedings were instituted on the basis of controversial
rights, and as a result of which tens of thousands and
political issues, and a death sentence was passed. If a trial
hundreds of thousands become refugees. This is not a
were opened again because of the same issue, this would
Hungarian-Romanian conflict but a European problem.
mean that we will never achieve national reconciliation.
We are dealing with a self-sufficient system that ignores
the fact that we live in the 20th century.
Bresser: In such a case, it would also be possible to
Siegloch: My dream.
summon former party chief Kadar before court.
Pozsgay: That we enter a historic period in Hungary
Pozsgay: For this very reason, I believe that this is not
where it will be boring to be a politician, and where it
necessary. Those who were responsible at the time
will be very cheerful and beautiful to be a citizen.
should be removed from power, but they should not be
brought to trial. Future generations will judge Kadar. He
Bresser: Austria and Hungary.
was an inconsistent politician who can be accused of
many wrong steps, and wrong decisions, such as in the
Pozsgay: Relations between the two countries have never
case of Imre Nagy, for example. However, on the other
been as good as they are now. The joint Austrian-
hand, he introduced a period of consolidation, during
Hungarian history, the suffering, and the negative
which he realized all of the demands of the popular
uprising. This is also linked with his name.
aspects belong to the past, and a promising future lies
ahead of us.
Siegloch: Janos Kadar was removed from power last year.
He does not even hold a honorary position in your party
Siegloch: Demonstrations in Beijing.
now. The position of his successor, Grosz, is not very solid
either. At least, this is how things present themselves here.
Pozsgay: Weapons are powerless if they are used against
Do you consider it possible that the new man at the head
the people's will.
of your party will be Imre Pozsgay this fall?
Bresser: The Prague Spring.
Pozsgay: This is an open question, just like the question
as to who would have been able to manage to bring about
Pozsgay: The first attempt that was made to bring about
the political transition, the political changes, last year.
reforms on the basis of communism within the party's
This is also an open question. It is not my personal
inner circles. More patience would have been required
ambition to become party chief. However, if this were
and the outcome should have been awaited.
necessary to help ensure the renewal of the country and
the party, I might not reject such a call.
Siegloch: What happened in Prague in 1968 took place in
Hungary as early as in 1956: Soviet tanks against dem-
Bresser: Radical changes in Hungary, a multiparty sys-
tem, free elections, the rule of law, religious freedom,
onstrators who called for freedom. Is there agreement
private ownership, private economy-in view of all these
now among your party about how the 1956 events are to
be interpreted, as a counterrevolution or a popular
aspects, in what points do you differ from a social
democrat?
uprising?
Pozsgay: I must admit that I do not think about things
Pozsgay: No, we have not reached complete agreement.
like that. What I am interested in is that these goals and
There are still many people today who insist on a false
projects are realized. I myself have no identity problems.
evaluation of history, but I believe, on the basis of my
Let the social democrats have identity problems if they
FBIS-EEU-89-106
5 June 1989
11
HUNGARY
think about these issues. I consider the values that have
Workers Party [MSZMP], trust that by that time the
been created by the social democratic movement in
MSZMP'S reform forces will come out in such a
Europe to be very important achievements and values,
strengthened position and stand in this election in such a
and I gladly support them.
way that we will find the person who fits these require-
ments and he will be elected, too.
Siegloch: Many thanks, Mr Pozsgay.
[Rangos] Can you anticipate that we shall see a new face?
Nemeth Interviewed, Discusses President's Role
Or would the person be chosen from the known faces?
LD0406222789 Budapest Television Service
in Hungarian 1700 GMT 4 Jun 89
[Nemeth] I consider both versions possible and my
answer [word indistinct]. Generally, I am a fan of new
[From the "This Week" program]
faces; today's age, and the system of demands of the
present in which we must operate makes this necessary
[Excerpt] [passage omitted] [Presenter] two persons
in an objective sense, too, but I think that a good number
whose present position could make them the most
exists among politicians already known too who are able
important partner to a future head of state, have given an
to match this system of requirements or who are able to
interview to Katalin Rangos:
gain the trust of the people. [passage omitted]
[Begin recording] [Rangos] In your view what powers
should the president of the Republic have?
Miklos Nemeth Addresses Army Meeting 19 May
AU3105150789 Budapest MAGYAR HIRLAP
[Nemeth] I would consider an arrangement for Hungary
in Hungarian 20 May 89 pp 1,3
which is very similar to the one in Finland. To put it
simply: The main task of the president of the republic is
["Slightly shortened" version of speech by Premier Mik-
to ensure the stability of the state or the organized
los Nemeth at a conference of Hungarian People's Army
operation of the system of the state while he also has a
commanders in the Ministry of Defense on 19 May:
determining role in making foreign policy interests pre-
"Premier Miklos Nemeth Speaks at Conference of Peo-
vail, in laying down foreign policy, in the control and
ple's Army Heads-A Smaller But More Modern
supervision of the forces of power. On the other hand,
Army"]
the government's role is primarily decisive in domestic
policy and the economy.
[Text] A conference was held in the Ministry of Defense
[Rangos] You have listed more powers than the alterna-
on 19 May with the participation of leading commanders
tive oganizations would like to see in the hands of the
and political staff members of the Hungarian People's
president of the Republic.
Army. Miklos Nemeth, member of the Hungarian
Socialist Workers Party [MSZMP] Politburo and chair-
[Nemeth] It is possible that I have listed more but then I
man of the Council of Ministers, participated and took
would add that it is important as to how and under what
the floor in the meeting..
control these power are exercised by the president;
because, for example, either in foreign policy or in the
area of defense in the course of issuing a decree-in my
The conference was opened by Defense Minister Colonel
view-the government would not be able to take a step
General Ferenc Karpati, who evaluated the conditions of
in matters of greater magnitude without the approving,
the Hungarian People's Army. He pointed out that, in
controlling role of the National Assembly. Thus, the
past years, the Army had fulfilled its defensive tasks, and
issue is not raised in my mind in the way as to what he
under increasingly difficult conditions. The discipline
has on his desk, what he holds in his hand at his disposal
and morale of its members are balanced and free of
but mainly in the way as to which those bodies are-and
extremism. The People's Army supports the comprehen-
with what publicity-which control his powers in the
sive social and economic reforms and the radical renewal
name of the people.
of socialism. Taking into consideration the new security
policy concept within the Warsaw Pact and the require-
[Rangos] By the way, what kind of personality would you
ments of the subsequent defense-oriented military doc-
like to see above you, assuming that you will head the
trine, our military leadership has begun working out the
government over which the post of the president of the
plans for the creation of a future army.
Republic will be created?
Premier Miklos Nemeth took the floor at the conference;
[Nemeth] I feel that only a man committed to the
here we publish a slightly shortened version of his
representation of national interests, taking a stand in
speech:
support of reforms, and creditable-that is, accepted by
the masses, the people too-can fill this highest public
"The Council of Ministers thinks that the Hungarian
life with honor. It is probable that every party will have
People's Army is carrying out successful activity: There
its candidate. I, as member of the Hungarian Socialist
is good discipline and there is a high level of military
FBIS-EEU-89-108
7 June 1989
HUNGARY
25
Pozsgay To Establish New Political Movement
Pozsgay Interviewed by Radio Free Europe 24 May
LD0606205689 Budapest Television Service
AU0606114589 Budapest MAGYAR NEMZET
in Hungarian 1730 GMT 6 Jun 89
in Hungarian 29 May 89 p 3
[Text] Imre Pozsgay is to open a meeting tomorrow the
[Interview with MSZMP Politburo Member and Minis-
purpose of which, according to our information, is the
ter of State Imre Pozsgay by unnamed Radio Free
establishment of a new national political association,
Europe correspondent in Budapest on 24 May: "The
organization or movement.
Next Parliamentary Elections Can Be Only of a Multi-
party System"]
In the past weeks, the need has risen several times and at
several places to form an organization which would
gather those Hungarian citizens-regardless of their
[Text] Imre Pozsgay gave an interview to Radio Free
party membership or their political stance-who want
Europe in Budapest on 24 May which was broadcast on
mutual consensus, [word indistinct] and peaceful transi-
27 May:
tion and who are willing to take an active role in
attaining this.
[Question] Mr Minister! At the general meeting held in
Szeged on the occasion of the first national conference of
The organizers have invited more than 100 personalities
the reform circles of the Hungarian Socialist Workers
for the founding session and it is expected that they are
Party [MSZMP], an elderly lady said that "this Pozsgay
going to decide tomorrow on the organizational form to
is a nice fellow and what he says is good too, but,
choose for the new political [word indistinct].
unfortunately, one cannot believe him because he is also
a communist." I think this is not the first time that you
hear such or similar things. Is your party not a burden for
Workers' Militia Cuts, Reorganization Studied
you? Is it not difficult for you when many people
LD0706015789 Budapest MTI in English
question your trustworthiness because of your party?
1904 GMT 6 Jun 89
[Pozsgay] It is difficult now for everyone who is member
of this party because the public regards it as a party that
[Text] Budapest, June 6 (MTI)-The staff of the Work-
lost its prestige, a ruling party in times of crisis, and, to
ers' Militia will be reduced by 30 per cent by September.
a certain extent, a party that has caused this crisis. At the
With respect to the future of the organization, a concep-
same time, I also have to say that the greater part of my
tion is being worked out which would make it possible
life has been connected to this party.
for the Workers' Militia to operate as the voluntary
complementary militia of the Hungarian People's
I believe that this organization can be changed and
Army-it was announced at the session of the Defence
renewed, and then the public will perhaps understand
Committee of the Hungarian National Assembly, held
my persistence and coexistence with the MSZMP, or
on Tuesday in Budapest, in the Petofi barracks of the
whatever its name will be after its renewal. But I also
Danube flotilla.
understand the elderly lady who made such an observa-
tion in Szeged, as this was not the first time I heard this,
Parliament should determine the direction of the gov-
even in the form of such observations like: "I would vote
ernment's activity, and even issues as, for instance the
for you with both hands, but not for your party," and so
activity of the armed forces and bodies, considered
on. One has to face such things today.
'delicate' in the past, cannot be excluded from this, it was
stressed at the session.
[Question] Is there anyone close to you or perhaps in
your family through whom the people's voices and
According to MP Dezso Borcsok of Budapest, the Army
reactions to the government or party measures can reach
is still thinking in the category of extensive development.
you, like the voice of the elderly lady?
In this context, the idea of creating a smaller, but better
equipped and more efficient Hungarian Army was
raised.
[Pozsgay] I could even say that our entire social structure
is represented in my family or my close relatives, because
all kinds of social groups are represented in my family,
Laszlo Winkler (MP from Gyor-Sopron County)
from scientists and intellectuals to honest skilled work-
requested information about the Soviet barracks being
ers. This is both good and fortunate because I am living
vacated. Officials of the Ministry of Defence said that
in a critical environment where people are not at all
coordination work about the future of these facilities is
intimidated by my position, views, or thoughts, and
still in progress. Most of them will be sold, as the Army
constantly challenge me with their experiences and judge
intends to cover its already planned revenues of 1,000
me in accordance with my ability to understand these
million forints partly from these.
experiences.
FBIS-EEU-89-108
7 June 1989
26
HUNGARY
[Question] After this digression, let us go back to the
who are close to you or to your views and political
original question, namely what continues to keep you in
concepts-like Mihaly Bihari and Csaba Gombar-re-
this party, you who can daily see in your family the
gard this split not only as inevitable but also necessary.
mistakes this party has committed for decades?
[Pozsgay] Well, the hope that this party will become an
[Pozsgay] Indeed. Since February, when the Central
organization capable of creating an efficient, just, and
Committee meeting dealt with the evaluation of the
real national program while preserving all the things
1956 events and acknowledged the formulation of pop-
worthy of appreciation from its traditions, the part of
ular uprising, the image of a party split has been emerg-
this tradition connected with the European culture, and
ing either as a taboo and a threatening specter or as a
while making use, if nothing else, at least of the bureau-
desirable goal. I tried to rationalize this entire problem.
cratic government experience that accompanies this rul-
ing and leading role and state party position, because I
If I want to be honest to myself too, I will say that a split
am convinced that, without making use of all this, we
in the party is not something terrible. And nobody
would not be able to get rid of this crisis even by means
should threaten me with the risk of a party split if I
of the best opposition or alternative party programs.
express my opinion. Some people are projecting the
specter of a party split to the party members to keep their
Stalinism Cannot Be Reformed?
mouths shut, stop arguing and keep together, avoid
threatening the so-called party unity, and so on.
[Question] We see a crisis not only in Hungary but
everywhere in eastern central Europe and in the Soviet
This immobility characterized the entire MSZMP and
Union, where this system, this communist party is
the communist movement, and for precisely those rea-
ruling. In your view, Mr Minister, does this mean that
sons. On this basis, I do not accept the party split as a
the communist idea has come to a crisis?
danger and risk. I repeat, I have analyzed the entire issue
and come to the conclusion that, here and now, a split in
[Pozsgay] This is a crisis of Stalinism. It has become
the party would not be a real split but a disintegration,
absolutely certain that this system cannot be reformed
the disintegration of the MSZMP and its becoming
because it has failed and has proven inadequate to give
inadequate to govern, and meanwhile, there would be no
the experience and feeling of freedom to people. This
government factors capable of dealing with this situa-
system is unable to create internal driving forces in the
tion. In a slightly pragmatic way, we called this a power
individuals and citizens to accept something noble, and
vacuum in Kecskemet.
this system destroyed solidarity among people and coop-
eration among producers.
[Question] In Szeged, a reform circle member asked
whether the MSZMP could renew itself with a general
Under such circumstances, the only decision we could
secretary like the incumbent, namely someone who con-
make was that this entire Stalinist system should be
tinued the mistaken policy of his predecessor in the past
discarded, complete with its ideology. I do not see the
year, and I mean here the economic policy, and I mean
essence of this ideology in Marxism or in distorting
here the Bos-Nagymaros issue as a permanent example-
Marxism, because it has nothing to do with Marxism.
as the final decision on the construction of the river
The way I see the essence of this ideology is that it
barrage was made in his time, as well as the acceleration
created an authoritative and paternalistic regime in
of construction. Can there be a renewal with Karoly
which the citizen should be kept on the most infantile
Grosz?
level and treated as a subordinate, otherwise the citizen
will not accept that there is an all-knowing and omnip-
otent leader or leading group that does not need justifi-
[Pozsgay] I regard the fact that there are no longer circles
cation because all its practice and knowledge includes
of figures and positions beyond criticism in this party
everything the people need. Well, this concept, together
and in the Hungarian public, thanks to openness and an
with its Jacobinical method and its tendency toward
increase in publicity and to the reorganization of the
distortion, terror, and violence should be eliminated
entire structure of publicity, as a new phenomenon and a
from our way because this fits neither socialism nor the
sign of progress and renewal. Today, the activity of any
European political culture and the people's everyday
politician-be that the party general secretary or the
needs.
premier-is open to criticism. Both I and the Western
press regard this as progress.
A Power Vacuum
I think the demand for a party congress was so strong
because the party members would like to give the great-
[Question] Mr Minister! What will happen to this party,
est legitimacy to the leading forces that govern the party.
your party, to which you continue to stick by all means?
I do not want to settle this with a Dodonian answer
Now in Kecskement, and in Szeged last week, there was
because I would like to add something for the sake of
a lot of talk of a possible split in the party. Intellectuals
justice. Regarding the political problems of the past year,
FBIS-EEU-89-108
7 June 1989
27
HUNGARY
I suspect that no one would have been able to manage
[Pozsgay] If is difficult to answer this question because I
this period without making mistakes and being above
did not prepare for this but, as I expressed my views
criticism. I hope this will also be considered in preparing
above, I did not change my views in this respect.
the congress.
However, precisely in connection with this, I can say
that, in that case, this party would no longer be called a
reform communist party but would be a party belonging
Honesty Is Valuable
to the concept of European socialism, no matter how the
current party would change into this new organization,
[Question] Let me stay with this problem for a while.
either uniformly or by way of a party split.
One could read in the Western press and in the press
agency reports that, at your latest news conference in
I consider a party to be efficient and successful only if it
Vienna, you did not exclude the possibility of Karoly
can adjust to the people and to the European way of
Grosz' removal at the party conference or party congress
thinking, and this does not emerge from the communist
in the fall.
experiences that are sticking to abstract ideas, but from a
way of European socialist thinking which can be found in
[Pozsgay] I presented this in the same spirit and in the
an Italian or French social party or in a Swedish,
same way as I have just done here, but this risk and this
Austrian, or German social democratic party, with the
chance is inherent in every important decision. Besides,
addition that the party for which I struggle would be a
I mentioned this as a possibility in principle by starting
party strongly committed to our nation and would not
from the premise that a movement is now emerging in
forget that it has to find its roots in the Hungarian nation
the party in which the members want to determine the
and work out some kind of long-term program by living
party's policy and its leading figures. I repeat, I regard
together with this nation.
this as such a possibility in principle.
[Question] There is talk today that, if this issue comes
forward in the fall, you would replace Karoly Grosz as
[Question] Let us still remain with the personnel issues.
the MSZMP general secretary. People also say that it
Speaking about the problems surrounding yourself, peo-
would be a good thing to have you as the next president
ple find it peculiar that there is a contradiction between
of this country, if the institution of the president of the
your popularity in society and your popularity within the
Republic is established.
party leadership.
[Pozsgay] The same dilemma, namely that-without
[Pozsgay] I can live very well with this both intellectually
naming the positions now-I am also part of this orga-
and spiritually, precisely by being able to feel that the
nization. If I am part of this, this organization should
people appreciate me and society follows my activity and
also use me and decide which position I can fulfill most
appreciates my consistency. This consistency does not
efficiently and most successfully. At the same time, I
mean that I would stubbornly stick even to my mistakes,
cannot deny the fact that I find it extremely gratifying
but if I make a mistake, I will not hesitate to admit it.
that the people and society appreciate me. In this case, I
Besides, I think that honesty has become very valuable in
would gladly accept a position-I repeat, no matter what
a depreciated policy and in a country drifting toward a
they would call it-which gives me opportunities for
crisis.
such broad areas of contact? a system of contacts,
relations, and forms of contact in which I will never run
I think that if I consider all these things here and I enjoy
the risk of being in contradiction with this nation.
the support of the public, I will be able to face the smaller
problem that the members of some narrow or broader
Nineteenth Century Models
bodies might not think the same as the rest of the
country, irrespective now of myself. The party appara-
[Question] Society here and in the West consider you a
tus, its elected bodies, and their various members who
statesman. Thus, I believe, my question is justified when
might now have reservations concerning myself will also
I ask you about your political idols?
rationalize the situation by overcoming their emotional
prejudices, and will also say that one who is good for the
[Pozsgay] I tried to shape some kind of model from
people is good for the party.
figures of the Hungarian history and the life of various
Hungarian statesmen, and this again has nothing to do
[Question] Mr Minister! We have already touched a little
with the current situation, because, if I go deep inside
the problem of a party split. This was a permanent issue
myself, with my activity and "tribunitian" mission, I
at the meeting of the MSZMP reform circles in Szeged.
could imagine myself somewhere between Kossuth and
This is a fictitious question, but I will ask it nevertheless:
Petofi, but the current needs of this country would rather
Would you accept the position of general secretary of a
demand figures like Szechenyi and Deak; and thus, all
reform communist party separated from the MSZMP,
the most representative figures of the reform and revo-
something that-referring again to the meeting in
lutionary movements of the 19th century together are my
Szeged-many people already regard as an accomplished
idols, as if a single personality could somehow be shaped
fact?
from all these figures.
FBIS-EEU-89-108
7 June 1989
28
HUNGARY
[Question] A transition from dictatorship to democracy
Europe, primarily in Poland, Hungary, and the CSSR.
is under way in Hungary now. Parliamentary elections
Obviously, the professional representatives of the coun-
will be the next great and important step. What do you
tries in question were also present at the meeting, includ-
think these elections will be like?
ing political scientists, economists, and social scientists
from all over the world. I decided to use this occasion to
[Pozsgay] We agreed that there would be a multiparty
take advantage of other occasions, namely the 25th
election. These elections should be free, something that
anniversary of the European Academy in West Berlin
also has risks for the current ruling party.
and another invitation from the Catholic Academy in
Hamburg. All this activity, I believe, represents in itself
However, I would like to say-and I also mentioned this
a goodwill trip for Hungary. I tried to do my best to give
in Szeged-there can be no party that would be so stupid
an accurate report on everything that is happening in
as to prepare for defeat from the outset. This would also
Hungary and to obtain support for our reforms by
mean a violation of the rules of the game. I will add,
convincing the participants that the importance of these
however, that I could not support any election tricks and
reform efforts goes beyond Hungary's borders and that
cheap tactics of making use of the others' weakness,
these reforms affect cooperation in Europe, the all-
unpreparedness, identity problems and search for a
European prospects, and even the security of Europe.
basis. Therefore, I can imagine the preparation for
elections only in the form of a settlement in which
[Gyori] Has the fact that your trip has taken place
organizations with the most authentic social and popular
simultaneously with national domestic policy events not
programs decide together to run in the elections.
affected your visit?
[Question] In conclusion, allow me a very personal
question. How does your family handle the fact that your
[Pozsgay] Let me mention the fact that we agreed upon
time is fully engaged in a daily schedule from 7 a.m. to 8
this visit 6 months ago. One cannot subordinate one's
p.m. and that you are running from one end of the
international contacts and responsibilities to spontane-
country to the other, taking trips abroad, or just coming
ously decided body meetings, because one could then
back from one of your trips?
gain the reputation as being unreliable. I do not think
that our nation's prestige would increase if our politi-
[Pozsgay] I do not have much free time, and I always
cians and social scientists were regarded as unreliable.
regard free time as an accident and a gift, but this has
Besides, I dared to take this trip because my political
been so ever since my childhood. Therefore, lack of time
convictions and positions are very well known at home.
does not cause me anxiety and agony. If it did, I would
I also saw to it that my opinions on the issues under
constantly be standing on my head. My family has
debate were not left hidden from various meetings.
become used to this and demonstrated great understand-
ing and patience.
[Gyori] Exactly 6 months have passed since your last
visit to the FRG. Since then, events have accelerated and
I have been living this lifestyle with my wife for 33 years,
deep changes have taken place in Hungary. How did
and this has been a great burden for her particularly in
your negotiating partners, including the highest ranking
the last 10-15 years. In spite of this, I have two grown-up
FRG leaders, evaluate Hungary's current situation?
children and grandchildren too. I am surrounded by a
warmth and family environment that makes it seem as
[Pozsgay] Without exception, everyone I met spoke in
though we are constantly and naturally in contact with
positive terms about the events in Hungary, and declared
each other.
their readiness to support these events. Chancellor Kohl
also pointed out the importance of the Hungarian reform
Pozsgay Interviewed on Recent FRG Visit
efforts and the comprehensive changes under way in
AU0506132189 Budapest NEPSZABADSAG
Hungarian political life, changes for which the entire
in Hungarian 1 Jun 89 p 3
democratic world has great appreciation. To a large
extent, in the wake of the FRG initiatives, the various
[Interview with Imre Pozsgay, MSZMP Politburo Mem-
European organizations have recognized the importance
ber and Minister of State, by Bonn Correspondent San-
of Hungarian reform in world politics and their respon-
dor Gyori in Bonn; date not given: "The FRG Appreci-
sibility for this reform. Starting from this, they promised
ates the Changes in Hungary"]
support on economic, political, and cultural policy levels
alike. The heads of various parties offered partnership
[Text] Concluding his talks in Bonn, Imre Pozsgay
with the parties emerging in Hungary. This includes not
received our correspondent and answered his questions.
only the supply of experience but also the intention to
increase their international cooperation. In other words,
[Gyori] What was the reason for your current visit?
the decisive political forces in the FRG are ready to help
the Hungarian political parties in their appearance on
[Pozsgay] Over 6 months ago, I received an invitation
the international stage and in obtaining knowledge and
from the Konrad Adenauer Foundation to participate in
information. Great care was taken by everyone to make
a conference on the issue of reform in Central-Eastern
sure that this offer was not interpreted as some kind of
EMBASSY OF THE
NITED STATES OF AMERICA
BUDAPEST
40
VISIT PRE-ADVANCE PRESIDENTIAL TEAM
Budapest, Hungary, June 8 - - 10, 1989
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NUMBER
Hotel Room Assignments
1-2
Key Officers List
3
Control Room Schedule
4
Official Schedule
5
AT THE HOTEL: Informational Booklet
Introduction: Welcome to Budapest
1
Visas
1
Health
1
Electricity
1
Commissary
2
Budget and Fiscal Office
2
Recommended Do's and Don'ts
2-3
Restaurants in Budapest
4
Shopping
5-6
A Note on Hungarian Wines
7-8
VISIT PRE-ADVANCE PRESIDENTIAL TEAM
Budapest, Hungary, June 8 - - 10, 1989
ROOM ASSIGNMENTS - ATRIUM HYATT HOTEL
(Roosevelt Ter 2, Tel No: 383-000)
CONTROL ROOM: 520
NAME
ROOM
THE WHITE HOUSE
John G. Keller
Deputy Assistant to the President
.
Director of Presidential Advance
611
Gary Fendler
Deputy Director for Press
610
Patricia Conrad
Trip Coordinator
612
Bruce Zanca
White House Press Office
Assistant Press Secretary
613
Peggy Dooley
White House Speechwriters Office
614
Susan Biddle
White House Photo Office
514
STATE DEPARTMENT
Jeannie Bull
Chief, Presidential and
Vice Presidential Support Staff
619
Chris Liebengood
Agent in Charge, Secretary Security
615
Judy Garber
State Secretariat
616
Mark Stafford
State Graphics
617
UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE
Lewis Merletti
Assistant Special Agent in Charge
622
WHITE HOUSE COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY
Richard Deloney
Operations Officer
623
Larry Landrum
Operations Coordinator
624
Lt.Col. Ken Bassman
625
PLEASE NOTE: All individuals will be responsible for payment
of all personal charges (i.e. telephone, food and beverage,
laundry, etc.). We suggest that room fees and any extra
charges be settled on the evening of June 9, 1989.
NO CHARGES CAN BE BILLED DIRECTLY TO THE CONTROL ROOM
-1-
NAME
ROOM
WHITE HOUSE MILITARY OFFICE
LCdr. William Lee
Coast Guard Aide to the President
511
Maj. Steve Riewerts, USAF
Presidential Flight Support
512
Maj. Jane Fraher
Medic
518
Maj. Brian Davis, USMC
HMX Advance
510
Robert Jankovits
Baggage Coordinator
515
WHITE HOUSE TRAVEL OFFICE
Barney Brasseux
Assistant to the Director
516
COMMUNICATIONS REPRESENTATIVE
Ellis Kitchen
WHITE HOUSE PRESS CORPS
NAME
ROOM
NAME
ROOM
Robert McFarland
Wendy Walker
Pool Chairman
517
CNN
417
Arthur Lord
Ron Hacker
Pool
522
CNN
418
Melvin Weidner
Lloyd Siegel
Pool
523
NBC
310
Betty Nevins
Joe Raznik
Pool
524
NBC
311
Mike Duffy
Jim Perez
ABC
525
NBC
313
Steve Alhart
Norm Sandler
ABC
410
UPI
314
Steve Tello
Dirck Halstead
ABC
411
TIME
315
Jack Kelly
Jeff Rosenberg
CBS
413
NPR Rep
317
Frank Governale
John Keator
CBS
415
NPR Rep
318
Mark Kramer
CBS
416
PLEASE NOTE: All individuals will be responsible for
payment of all personal charges (i.e. telephone, food and
beverage, laundry, etc.). We suggest that room fees and
any extra charges be settled on the evening of June 9,
1989.
NO CHARGES CAN BE BILLED DIRECTLY TO THE CONTROL ROOM
-2-
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BUDAPEST, HUNGARY
(Szabadsag Tér 12, Tel No: 126-450)
KEY OFFICERS
NAME
POSITION
HOME TEL
OFFICE EXTENSION
Mark Palmer
Ambassador
767-326
x264
Donald B. Kursch
DCM
767-594
x267
Wayne K. Logsdon
ADM
556-842
x226/261
Thomas Lynch
POL
569-284
x260
Robert McCarthy
PAO
767-705
x216
Col. Ruth Anderson
DAO, Air
569-727
x242
LtCol. Sean Maxwell
DAO, Army
851-489
x242
Thomas A. Schlenker
SCI
564-557
x202
Sandra Dembski
ECON
752-014
x274
Jamie Agnew
GSO
428-503
x201
David Hughes
FCS
553-134
x204
Elizabeth Barnett
CONS
563-111
x237
Kenneth Kayatin
RSO
564-268
x264
Morgan Luoma
Motor Pool
566-268
x203
-3-
VISIT PRE-ADVANCE PRESIDENTIAL TEAM
Budapest, Hungary, June 8 - 10, 1989
CONTROL ROOM SCHEDULE
Suite 520, Atrium Hyatt Hotel
Thursday, June 8
1300 - 1700
Donna Ingersoll/Zsuzsa Benyi
1300 Control Room Set-Up: Donna Ingersoll/Zsuzsa Benyi
1600 - 2000
Donna Ingersoll/Marta Barsony
1600 Accommodation Exchange: Shirley Haugrose/Marta Barsony
2000 - Closing
John Keys/Agi Zuppan
Friday, June 9
0800 - 1300
Donna Ingersoll/Zsuzsa Benyi
1300 - 1700
Donna Ingersoll/Viktoria Jonas
1800 - Closing
Jamie Agnew/Mike Szilagyi
Saturday, June 10
0600 - Pack-up
Donna Ingersoll
0600 Accommodation Exchange - Shirley Haugrose/Márta Barsony
0700
Bus departs for airport
0730
WHEELS UP - PRE-ADVANCE TEAM
******
Special note:
You may order food from room service, BUT YOU
MUST PAY FOR IT YOURSELF.
IMPORTANT:
PLEASE DO NOT CHARGE ANYTHING TO THE CONTROL ROOM.
Thank you for your help.
-4-
VISIT PRE-ADVANCE PRESIDENTIAL TEAM
Budapest, Hungary, June 8-10, 1989
SCHEDULE
THURSDAY, June 8, 1989
1500
WHEELS DOWN - Ferihegy 1
Met by Ambassador Palmer; PAO Robert McCarthy; ADM Wayne K.
Logsdon
Luggage: Morgan Luoma
Passports: Jamie Agnew
1515
Proceed by bus to Embassy.
1515
Press Bus proceeds directly to Hotel.
1545
Meeting with Ambassador: (Ambassador's Office)
Participants:
John Keller
Bruce Zanca
Gary Fendler
Lewis Merletti
1600
Embassy meeting: (Third Floor Conference Room)
Participants:
Ambassador
Sandra Dembski
Ken Kayatin
Wayne Logsdon
Elizabeth Barnett
Robert McCarthy
1600
Accommodation Exchange at Hotel
TBA
Return to Hotel
2000
Dinner:
Karpatia (15)
Matyas Pince (15)
Pest Buda (15)
Apostolok (15)
FRIDAY, June 9, 1989
0700-0900
Breakfast at Hotel (included in room charge)
0845
Depart hotel for Ministry of Foreign Affairs
0900
Meeting: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Participants: Dr. Joseph Hajdu, Protocol, MFA
Ambassador, John G. Keller
PAO Robert McCarthy, Gary Fendler, Bruce Zanca
RSO Kenneth Kayatin, Lewis Merletti
Col. Ruth Anderson, CW2 J.D. Call, Cdr. William Lee
ADMIN Wayne K. Logsdon, Judy Garber, Patricia Conrad
TBA - WHCA
0945
Depart for site surveys:
1000
Parliament/Kossuth Ter: Francisco Gonzalez
1045
Karl Marx University: Joao Ecsodi
1130
Official Guest House: Mia McCall
1230
Ambassador's Residence: Jeff Feltman/Mia McCall
1300
Var: Joao Ecsodi
TBA
Airport: CW2 J.D. Call
1300-1500
Lunch
unscheduled
1300
Hotel site surveys:
1330
Duna InterContinental
1430
Novotel
1500
Atrium Hyatt
1500-1700
Follow-up meetings with Hungarian officials
1500-1700
Unscheduled time for remainder of Party
2000
Dinner
Unscheduled
SATURDAY, June 10, 1989
0600
Baggage Pick-up
0600
Reverse Accommodation Exchange - Control Room
0700
Bus departs for Airport
0730
WHEELS UP
SENT BY:EUROPEAN AFFAIRS
; 5-31-89 ; 15:50 ; US DEPT OF STATE-
4566218;# 1
UNCLASSIFIED
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
BUREAU OF EUROPEAN AND
CANADIAN AFFAIRS
FAX NUMBER (202) 647 0967
FROM: Jeanne Schulz EUR/EEY
7-3298
5219
Name
Office Symbol
Extension
Room Number
MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
TO:
DELIVER TO:
EXTENSION:
ROOM NUMBER
PEGGY DOOLEY
456-6218
REMARKS:
B10 ON MARK PALMER
UNCLASSIFIED
SENT BY:EUROPEAN AFFAIRS
: 5-31-89 ; 15:50 ; US DEPT OF STATE-
4566218;# 2
United States Department of State
Washington. D.C. 20520
ROBIE M.H. (Mark) PALMER
U.S. AMBASSADOR TO HUNGARY
Mark Palmer majored in Soviet studies at Yale University
graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1963. He worked briefly at the
"New York Times" and WNDT-TV. Joining the Foreign Service in
1964, he has served overseas at American Embassies in India
1964-66, the Soviet Union 1968-71, and as Counselor for
Political Affairs in Yugoslavia 1975-78. In the State
Department he has worked on NATO security affairs 1966-68, and
as a member of the Policy Planning Staff and principal
speechwriter to Secretaries Rogers and Kissinger 1971-75.
Mr. Palmer was Director of an office in the Bureau of
Political-Military Affairs dealing with a range of strategic
nuclear, theater nuclear and conventional weapons issues
primarily relating to the Soviet Union (1978-80). He was given
the Department's Superior Honor Award for his work in this
area. From 1980-82 he was first Deputy for Policy in the
Bureau of European Affairs and then Deputy to the Under
Secretary for Political Affairs.
From 1982-86, as Deputy Assistant Secietary of State for
European Affairs, Mr. Palmer was responsible for developing
policies and managing our relations with the Soviet Union,
Castern Europe and Yugoslavia. He played a major role in
organizing 1985. and was present at the Reagan-Gorbachev Summit in
in December 1986.
Mr. Palmer began his duties as U.S. Ambassador to Hungary
4566218;# 3
32 HONG KONG-ICELAND
INDIA 33
HONG KONG
INDIA
HONG KONG (CG), 28 Garden Rd.; Box 30, FPO San Fran 96658-8002;
1
NEW DELHI (E), Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri 110921; Tel (91](11)
STATE-
Tel [852] (5) 239011; Telex 83141 USDOC HX
600051; Telex 831-65269 USEM IN; USES Tel 331-6641 or 4251
CG:
Donald M. Anderson
ADM: D. Thomas Linville
CHG: R. Grant Smith
RSO:
Frank E. Juni
DPO: Arthur L. Kobler
RSO: John Kaufmann
OF
POL/ECO: Kearn J. Weaver
AGR: Phillip C. Holloway
POL: George F. Sherman
SCI:
Peter Hydemano
ECO: Duane C. Butcher
AGR: Lyle J. Bebranek
COM: Ying Price
PAO: Robert E. Knopes
DEPT
COM: Melvin W. Searla, Jr.
AID:
CON: John H. Adams
CUS: John L. Rennish
Robert N. Bakley
LAB: William R. Salisbury
PAO: Leonard Badyga
CON: Leo Wollemborg
ODA: Col Lean T. Hunt
HU
HUNGARY
ADM: Bert C. Moore
ODC: Col Scott Fisher
USAF
BUDA PEST (E), V. Szabadsag Ter 12; Am Embassy: APO
NY 09213 Tel [30] 128-450; Telex 18048 224-222; Commercial
Devel Ctr: Telex 227136 USCDC H
BOMBAY (CG), Lincoln House, 78 Bhulabhai Desai Rd. 400828;
Tel (91) (022) 822-3611; Telex 011-75425 ACON IN
15:51
AMB: Mark Palmer
ADM: Wayne K. Logsdon
DCM: Donald B. Kursch
RSO:
Kenneth Kayatin
CG:
John J. Eddy
CON: John W. Vessey III
POL: Thomas A. Lynch
AGR: Robert Svec
POL: Andrew C. Mann
ADM: James L. Williams
ECO: Sandra A. Dembski
(resident in Vienna)
ECO: David E. Thurmen
BPAO: Alan L. Gilbert
COM: Stephan Wasylko
ODA: Col Ruth Anderson USA
COM: David A. Hughes
CON: Elizabeth Barnett
SCI:
Thomas A. Schlenker
5-31-89
PRESS/CULT: Robert McCarthy
CALCUTTA (CG), 5/1 Ho Chi Minh Sarani, Calcutta 700071;
Tel [91] (033) 44-361 L/6; Telex 021-2483
RD
CG:
Kenneth C. Brill
CON: Richard D. Haynes
ICELAND
POL/ECO: (Vacant)
ADM: Stephen B. Hogard
ECO/COM: James C. Newmann
BPAO: Bruce J. Kruetzer
REYKJAVIK (E), Laufasvegur 21; FPO NY 09571-0001;
Tel (354) (1) 29100; Telex USEMB IS3044
MADRAS (CG), Mount Rd. 680008; Tel (91](44) 473-040/477-542
AMB: L Nicholas Ruwe
CON: Fredericka Schmadel-Heard
DCM: James K. Connell
ADM: Joseph R. Manzanarea
CG: Thomas E. Timberman
CON: Gilbert J. Sperling
YO
POL: Richard H. Zorn
RSO: Christopher Lyons
SENT BY:EUROPEAN AFFAIRS
POL/ECO: Nancy C. Johnson
ADM: Edward C. Pope
POL/MIL: Clyde P. Berryman
(resident in Copenhagen)
COM: (Vacant)
BPAO: John Challiner
BELORING
ECO/COM: Jay L Dehmlow
PAO: Hugh J. Ivory
HUNGARY
1st mtg Room - Parkament
Mumbarcy Room - beginning of hubase
2nd Mtg Room
Famous battles of Hungary, & famous
churches of the world
Nandarfehervan Room
3rd mtg Room
Delegation Room
widding painting (?) by Dudets ander, 1901
loat of armo of Kings + Provinces of
amount Hurguy around painting
Entrance
claimed
96 steps - 960 land AD Hunganans olligied
Ainner
Hunter's &e Room
shendam School- M-F
and
of decrip
hereie Healthon
Mitchell
Video
CBS
WB2
915
4327 4325
Rarl Marx Unio
Plaque
Ruring the 2nd Wild Was in the uprising
contre the facuots, under the direction
of the Freedam Fiont of Hung
fighting for the Meration of on
country, as a mimber of the Goigey
Partisan Flug Group together
this economic atudent
w/thein have colleagues dead colleagues,
Hertelendy Jamos
died as a hero fighting
died Bimbu defending the (Ha oppositional of the Partisans in
inuted in 25th anniversary of his death
1 of the Whination of Hungary
anla Hall
Central/Main Hall
fm Customs Hance
(3-4 days)
student the dean elected for one day
each year - spring
all fine grades present candidate
for student dian run campaign
"Univ of Economics Day"
Hated
Political "Economics"
Computer Science
James
Hestory
Finance
Philosophy
ambassador's Revidence
Imeral's Status - Bandholz
$ Tanesics
Tancsics Mihaly (Tan-cheech Mi~hi)
Kossuth held here, taught himalf English
looks whores river to Parliament
from 1844 parabout a year Shalf
may 5, 1837 - may 10, 1840
american - awned now
marines live here
Ou Kossuth held now = weight won
built ^ 1810
held prisones ausis
march 1847 to mar 15, 1848 t again
man 15,1860 - mar 13, 1967
mention EE sympoous
McGroarty/Dooley
June 27, 1989
6:00 pm
Draft 1
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: TOAST AT THE HUNGARIAN PARLIAMENT
BUDAPEST, HUNGARY
JULY 11, 1989
0:00 PM
Dan
[Introductory remarks
]
I am delighted to have this
clips.
opportunity to visit Hungary once again, and to see -- first-hand
-- the remarkable changes taking place here.
We live at a great moment in human affairs -- an era when
change is shaking the existing order. From Beijing to Budapest -
article
- from the dashed hopes of Tiananmen Square, to the long-delayed
arried
day of healing in Hero 1 Square less than a month ago -- we're
witnessing the emergence of democratic ideas whose appeal is
universal, whose impact is worldwide.
emb
Here in the heart of Central Europe, Hungary is at the
center of change. Your nation is involved in an unprecendented
experiment -- an evolution towards a more open economy, towards a
emb
more open and pluralistic political system.
?
No one now denies that reform is the path to the future. In
nation after nation, decades of experience have proven beyond any
doubt the poverty of an idea: the idea that progress is the
product of state control.
State control simply cannot provide sustained economic
growth -- nor can it provide a regime the political legitimacy it
needs to govern.
In Hungary today, there is a deepening consensus on the
emb
direction reform must take -- on a new model for state and
waishs 4/hw
society: in economics, the free market; in politics, pluralism.
The key to economic success is letting the market do its
work. That means an end to state ownership. It means an end to
subsidies for loss-making firms -- dead weight that drags down
overall economic growth. It means factories and enteprises of
all kinds run according to the rules of the marketplace --
according to the laws of supply and demand -- not the dictates of
emx
the Party.
meddling interference
from the state
And economic competition has a parallel in the political
sphere. Pluralism is nothing more than an open and honest
competition between parties -- a competition between points of
view. Pluralism is what we in the West call the marketplace of
emb
ideas. The free and open elections Hungary will hold next year
will mark a great advance for democracy and political freedom.
All Hungarians should look to the future with confidence in
what Hungary can be. This is only the beginning: I see in
Hungary's future a country of hundreds of thousands of small
enterprises -- sources of innovation, productivity and
prosperity. I see in Hungary's future new voices speaking out,
shaping the course of national affairs.
The road ahead will be difficult -- there's no denying that.
But I have no doubt at all in Hungary's ability to meet and
master that challenge -- to make reform succeed.
The key is Hungary's most precious resource: its people.
Each individual is an infinity of possibilities -- and in the
collective capability of those individual talents lies the future
of your nation.
So let us now raise our glasses:
To the friendship between the American and Hungarian people;
To the future of Hungarian reform;
much formal more
And to the renaissance of the Hungarian nation.
Kedves
emx egeszsegukre [KED-vesh AGAYS-shegookray. ] ]
# # #
Frank FoldBrary
647-3646
egesh - egue Kieh
/
eyesh-shay-goo-kreh )
Henry Sampson (Mrs. Bush)
John Alden, Priscilla.
alleged likely - Francis Looke
Mulling, Miles Standish
married to Hester"Mahieu
in Leiden
Delanos one sister = ancestor of
Univ real hid so
no one cld graduate
Jeremy Plymo Bangs
Polgrim Society
508/746 1
Plymouth Plantation
1622
Plymouth
Inear Musum Historical
John Tilley
Joan Hurst
John Howland (FDR) - Elizabeth Tilley
Arthur Henry (younger)
Am touriot - & to think am uncretars
in only 11 yrs.
built such an beautiful to church
major obacco sellers, tobacco -pipe makes