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U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce 9/8/89 [OA 6268] [1]
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U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce 9/8/89 [OA 6268] [1]
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administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
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Record Group/Collection:
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Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
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Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13683
Folder ID Number:
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Folder Title:
U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce 9/8/89 [OA 6268] [1]
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G
26
19
3
3
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Ken Bolton
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Then I
RCV BY:Xerox lelecopier 7021 ; 8-31-89 ; 6:02PM ;
6475752-
4566218;# 1
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
B
AUGUST 31, 1989
UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFICATION
No. Pages
JAMES McANULTY
ARA/MEX
(202) 647-8529
ROM:
ROOM 4258
(Officer name)
(Office symbol)
(Extension)
(Room number)
IESSAGE DESCRIPTION
POSSIBLE THEMES FOR SPEECH ON MEXICO
DELIVER TO:
Extension
Room No.
STEPHANIE BLESSEY
456-7750
WHITE HOUSE RESEARCHER FOR
FAX: 456-6218
SPEECHES
OR:
CLEARANCE
INFORMATION
XX
PER REQUEST
XX
COMMENT
EMARKS:
REGARDS,
JIM
yam
05.1740
RCV BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 8-31-89 ; 6:03PM ;
6475752-
4566218;# 2
POSSIBLE THEMES FOR SPEECH ON MEXICO
-- I attach great importance to our relationship with Mexico;
today, there is no more important relationship than the one
we have with our southern neighbor.
-- We have enjoyed excellent relations with Mexico, especially
and the U.S.
since the inauguration of our new administrations in Mexico
-- We have made considerable progress in building a more
productive, cooperative relationship based on mutual
respect and friendship.
-- "The Spirit of Houston," resulting from our positive
meeting as Presidents-elect last November in Houston,
continues. President Salinas and I most recently met
during the July Economic Summit in Paris, shortly before
announcement of Mexico's historic debt agreement with the
Bankers Advisory Committee.
-- Mexico's successful restructuring of its economy, reduction
of trade barriers, and negotiation of a debt agreement with
its creditors bode well for its economic future.
-- Mexico is our third most important trading partner; we will
work together, especially under the Framework Agreement on
Trade relationship. and Investment, to strengthen this important trade
-- The highly successful Binational Commission meeting on
August 7 in Mexico City, co-chaired by Secretary of State
James Baker and Mexican Foreign Relations Secretary
Fernando Solana, has set the stage for an important State
Visit to the United States by President Salinas in October.
-- I value my close friendship and working relationship with
President Salinas.
ARA/MEX: RBHowar
Clearances: ARA/MEX: JGHuff
11319 7-8529, Document 8/31/89, ext. of
Drafter: ARA/MEX: JPMcAnulty
! WHEN:9 ! 68-18-R ! 1701 xojev.10 now
E 4566218:#
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MEMORANDUM
9/6/89
TO:
DAVID DEMAREST/STEPHEN STUDDERT
S.Sanchez
FROM:
JOSEPH W. HAGIN
SUBJECT:
APPROVED PRESIDENTIAL ACTIVITY
5. Blessey
EVENT:
Address Annual Convention of the U. S.
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
DATE:
September 8, 1989
TIME:
11:30 am - 30 min - Head Table Reception
12:00 noon - 30 min - Speech to Convention
DURATION:
LOCATION:
Fairmont Hotel, New Orleans
ATTIRE:
Business Suit
REMARKS REQUIRED:
Yes
MEDIA COVERAGE:
Reception closed/Speech open
FIRST LADY
PARTICIPATION:
No
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION:
CONTACT:
TELEPHONE: OFFICE
HOME
NOTE: PROJECT OFFICER, SEE ATTACHED CHECKLIST
Ed Rogers
Marlin Fitzwater
David Bates
James Cicconi
David Demarest
David Valdez
Fred McClure
Jean Lamb
USSS - PPD
Susan Porter Rose
Steve Studdert
Gary Walters
Patty Presock
John Keller
WHCA Audio/Visual
Chriss Winston
Tim McBride
WHCA Operations
Laurie Firestone
J. Bonnie Newman
Amy Louisa Buckley
Robert Guttman
Tony Lopez
C. Boyden Gray
Bruce Zanca
09/07/89 08:58
202 707 5986
LC LOAN DIV.
001/006
Stephanie Belsey
from
Bob Jackson
Library of Congress
D
09/07/89 08:58 : .
THE WRITINGS OF
WILL ROGERS
202 707 5986
IV-3
SPONSORED BY
LC LOAN DIV.
The Will Rogers Memorial Commission
and Oklahoma State University
002/006
68/10/69
THE WRITINGS OF WILL ROGERS
69:80
SERIES 1: Books of Will Rogers
1 Ether and Me, or "Just Relax"
2 There's Not a Bathing Suit in
Russia & Other Bare Facts
3 The Illiterate Digest
4 The Cowboy Philosopher on
The Peace Conjerence
5 The Cowboy Philosopher on
9869 101. 7.07.0.
Prohibition
6 Letters of a Self-Made Diplomat
to His President
SERIES II: Convention Articles of Will Rogers
(in one volume)
SERIES III: Daily Telegrams of Will Rogers
1 Coolidge Years 1926-1929
2 Hoover Years 1929-1931
3 Hoover Years 1931-1933
4 Roosevelt Years 1933-1935
SERIES IV: Weekly Articles of Will Rogers
LC LOAN DIV.
1 Harding/Coolidge Years
1922-1925
2 Coolidge Years 1925-1927
3 Coolidge Years 1927-1929
4 Hoover Years 1929-1931
5 Hoover Years 1931-1933
6 Roosevelt Years 1933-1935
SERIES V: Magazine Articles of Will Rogers
(in two volumes)
SERIES VI: The Radio Broadcasts of Will
Rogers
(in two volumes)
003/006
Weekly Articles
1929
prompting 'em all the time, that keeps 'em nervous, and besides they
statistics that really ought to set as all thinking. It wasent one of those,
never do learn their parts. Now take the case of Senator Jasbo, it's
"The average working Girl makes $33 a week spends $10 for board,
seems he got in wrong with a lot of his people down there, by being
$12 for silk stockings and the rest for lip sticks."
68/10/60
for Smith, for his State come pretty near going for Hoover. So that
This was professor Thomas J. Headlee, Dr. Professor and Chief
meant he was all wet with nearly half of them. So to get back in right
"Entomologist." (That word will stop you ignorant ones. But we got
with that bunch again, he figures he should do something that will
a fifty-fifty break I don't know what it means either.)
show that he is drys although he voted for Smith, why he puts in a
Well he delivered this address at a Convention of the New Jersey
Bill voting 24 million for Prohibition Relief. Here is the Farmer
Exterminators Association duly assembled in the very heart of the
starving to death. The wets wetter than they ever was, the Drys dryer
Mosquito belt. So I gather from that that an Entomologist is a man
than a Tarriff speech. Yet he wants to give 'em 24 million. Now what
that has devoted his life to a study that must include this Jersey
24 million would do, nobody has the least idea. It might dry up the
product. He has either given his life's work for or against the Mos-
East side of Pennsylvania Avenue, but it wouldent be enough to cross
quieto. Now it's not only what this fellow said that is of such vital
interest to all of us. It's the surprise that New Jersey had such an
LOL 2020
the Street. Well now that's his life's work, is to BET 24 million
dollars of our money that he can get back into the good graces of the
organization called, "The New Jersey Mosquito Exterminators Inc."
extreme Drys that he lost out with last fall.
Anyone who has ever visited. that State could not possibly understand
Now suppose every Senator wanted us to donate that much to his
how there could be an organization devoted to the annihalitation of
next election. We would like to have 'em around, but they just ain't
those Komical little rascals. And if they have got such a Society what
hardly worth that much to us. We would rather have a cheaper man
have they been doing? Where have they been exterminating and when?
that would finance his own election. Now Mr. Coolidge don't want
But you see that's what they been doing is holding dinners. All
this 24 million taken out of his Kitty before he hands it over, and
you do in America nowadays is get a name for some kind of an
twenty four million, there is nothing that Mellon could buy with
Organization, then you start holding dinners. An Organization with-
ONLY twenty four Million.2 So we are going to have an extra session
out a dinner is just impossible. Now the only Mosquitos exterminated
of Congress just to see what to do with the 24. It must be a great
was at the dinner. Well during the scratching and slapping and sing-
life if you are bent on staying in there.
ing of the mosquitos at this Dinner, Mr. Headlee read off the follow-
Well he has got over two more weeks to go. But 1 bet you Calvin
ing authorative statistics.
LC LOAN DIV.
goes out with the Books balanced. We may be in a terrible lot of
"The normal productivity of one lone Female house Mosquito
scrapes, but we won't be in the RED.
in one year is 159,875,000,000 offspring."
Now you statistic hounds get that. (There is four sets of those
three figures.) So according to my remembrance of Ray's "elementary"
Arithmatic, that runs us up into the Billions." So that first 159 you see
322 THE LADY MOSQUITO IS BUSY, THANKS
there ain't nothing but BILLIONS. Now just wait and let that soak
in awhile, 159 billions of offsprings.
Well all I know is just what 1 read in the papers. We are always
You Mothers that think you have done something for your race
reading statistics and figures. Half of America do nothing but prepare
when you have brought into the World two to 8 or to young Hyenas,
Propaganda for the other half to read. Insurance Companies have
you certainly can't boast after reading what the Female Mosquito has
Guys figure out the very day you will die. (In fact they won't in-
done to leave her imprint on the ankles of humanity. Now I don't
sure till they have it investigated and find out.) Then you like a
know what was done at the dinner about it. Perhaps they all signed a
Sucker go bet them you will live longer than that. The Government
pledge to all go out and during the coming year to exterminate as
can tell you how much wheat is going to be raised next year.
early in the season as possible one Female Mosquito, thereby lessening
Everything is figured out down to a Gnat's tooth according to
the yearly yield by 158 billion.
some kind of statistics. Course nobody knows if the figures are right
Now wait a minute. You ain't heard nothing yet. "Only half of
or not, you have no way of checking up on 'em. But just the other
these, or 79,937,500,000 should be counted as Pests, for they are the
day a fellow in Atlantic City, New Jersey come through with some
active, buzzing, biting, and egg laying females. The others are mere
004/006
254
255
8/39/59
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Abel Quinte lx U.S. His,
915 368 50196) 337-3433(h)
816 5316863
Derix Cedano
(504) 329-9611
SBA 521-7111 Speechwriter
gobe
Aguirre (317) 247-0460
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plant bas. in Itply in U.S. & Chino opening
Businesswoman st Year - Remedio Driz
Region 3 of U.S. Hispanic Oliver Champer of Comm
Leaders from Mexido
can obtain fedh contracts
Socially to economically disodvantaged
CASE against set-psides
new regulations
- greater bes. competition
Solly 653-6660 Noney COLNOR/ @ SBA
(Smith/Blessey)
September 1, 1989
Draft Two
HISPANIC
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: HISPANIC CHAMBER
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1989
Smintalls
3
President Quintela -- how about that, two Odessa boys on the
same platform. Secretaries Lujan and Cavazos and I'm proud to
Mary
highs
say that ours is the first Administration to have two Hispanic
Cabinet officials. Ladies and gentlemen. Friends.
I want to thank you for that gracious introduction. And for
the warmth of your reception. And let me salute you for choosing
as your convention site this beautiful City by the River.
Dragothe
Pearl Buck once described falling "in love with Louisiana
need
generally and New Orleans in particular." Well, that feeling
helps make New Orleans special. And I take special pleasure in
being with you today.
For we meet not as strangers, but "vecinos" [Ve-CEE-noze:
Spanish for "neighbors"] And as businessmen and women. But
mostly, perhaps, as citizens who understand how Hispanics have
America create a greater land for
alwhiot has colluder
J.S.
Nine years ago, America officially began The Decade of the
NewYork
Hispanic. And now, at decade's end, Hispanics are America's
fastest-growing and, often -- fastest-rising
BabJackso of
Cursus
minority. Enriching America socially and academically,
economically and spiritually. Living, more than ever, the
American Dream.
mumeric
2
In one sense, the past decade has ratified that dream -- the
dream which brought your parents, your grandparents, and some of
you to America. For you came to build a better life -- and you
are building it. Building it in our schools, our police force,
and in small and large business. Building it for your kids --
and my grandkids [PAUSE ]
all eleven of them.
But in another sense, the past decade is but a preview of
coming attractions. For it can be a gateway to tomorrow -- much
as America has been a gateway for you. The theme of this
convention is "Gateway to the Americas. " Well, today it is
Brochire
gateways I'd like to talk about: Gateways to the prosperity and
stability that make progress possible.
First, the gateway to the prosperity which fosters equal
opportunity. Or as Winston Churchill said: "Some people regard
private enterprise as a predatory tiger to be shot. Others look
Q,B,
on it as a COW they can milk. Not enough people see it as a
healthy horse, pulling a sturdy wagon. "
Churchill spoke those words in 19
And in 1989 they're
more true than ever.! For Hispanic business is a healthy horse.
America is that healthy wagon. And on the buckboard, with the
not
correct
reins up-high are entrepreneurs like you.
Encyclo
No government planner, for instance, decided that Marconi
would invent the wireless. Or that something called an auto
would rise from the dust of Dearborn. And what might have
happened -- or worse, what might not have happened -- had the
Wright brothers been forced to wait for Washington's approval
Rumedio Dipz Oliver
[Reh MEH deo DEE phs 0 lee VER
3
before testing their flying machine? [PAUSE]
If they had, I
might have come here today by steamboat, not by air.
They knew, as you do, that the gateway to prosperity isn't
Gor
Bigger Government. It bigger dreams.
fronking
Memo-freem
Look at Pedro Garza, a former migrant worker who overcame
disability to own a construction company with $4.5 million in
Engekit
sales. Or Patricia Rivera, the Hispanic Businesswoman of the
Petricia
Rifere
Year. Or the father-and-son team of Louis and Fred Ruiz, who in
1964 started a food business in an old warehouse with a battered
stove, small freezer, and single mixer. And who now employ 534
workers. They prove -- as you do -- that while government can
Hisponic
create opportunity, it is Americans who seize opportunity.
Over the past decade, heroes like these -- and millions of
hos
unsung Hispanic-American heroes -- have sought a ladder, not a
crutch. And we want to help them create that job, buy that home,
[REES]
and ensure a better life. Here's a partial score card of
Convention
From
victories: Since 1980, Hispanic-American-owned businesses have
new
letter
more
400,000
T
the
doubled. And today, they total nearly 250,000. They boast more
ed#so
than
full-time employees. And earn $15 billion in receipts
Quinteles
BD
each year. Impressive? You bet. Good enough? Never. For as
Converting
long as one Hispanic-American is bereft of hope, that is one
Hispanic-American too many.
You know, my home state's to the west of here. Place called
Amer,
Texas. And equidistant from Houston and New Orleans is the home
biraphy
state of America's favorite humorist. Will Rogers. Once, Will
RN
said of the bureaucracy, "We are always reading statistics and
Loc
Soni
slyth
moons
mps
rept no 000 000 then and indivi empla family
onivie
4
figures. Half of America does nothing but prepare propaganda for
the other half to read." Propaganda won't built a gateway to
prosperity. But partnerships can, and are.
Partnerships are cooperative efforts involving government,
private enterprise, and voluntary organizations. They aid the
shop owner in Los Angeles, the small developer in Des Moines.
You know, there are 19.5 million Hispanic-Americans. And I urge
Census
you to make them count. Tell your friends and neighbors to
cooperate with 1990 Census officials. Don't let The Decade of
tisp CorrThe
Hispanic go unreflected in this survey. Hispanics comprise 8
per cent of our population. But they own only 2 per cent of our
businesses. Partnerships can alter that equation. Most of all,
by rewarding initiative, they can help people help themselves.
As Vice-President, I headed the President's Task Force on
Public Private Partnerships And knowing how partnerships can
spur development, we have tried to build on what the Reagan
Administration began.
I think, for example, of the Minority Small Business Program
Juson hemo truelenter
the "8-A" program -- which helps Hispanics and other minority-
owned companies obtain Federal contracts. Or our nationwide
education and counseling services for small business owners;
today -- count 'em -- 13,000 retired executives voluntarily
serve. And we've tried to spur projects like loan program 7-A,
which this year will grant $2.6 billion to help more than 265,000
BD's
take
Pertfolio
firms.
Smmory
Projects which are helping Hispanics travel America's
gateway to the future. So get involved. Urge others to get
ron
5
Bardlett's
involved. And live these words of the grea
Maxicon deat
Jose Marti [Mar-TEE]: "To beautify life is
object. "
377 -4464
So far, I have talked of the prosperit
lives of every American. And in that conte
our relationship with Mexico.
Two months ago, I met with President S
710X
Memo
Summit. Since then by restructuring her e
from
trade barriers -- and honoring her creditor
377
with the Bankers Advisory Committee -- Mexi
gateway of increased trade with America.
commerce. For Mexico is our third-largest trading partner. And
we look forward to next month's State visit by President Salinas.
Together, we can build a gateway to the 1990s that will provide
morcal
both Mexico and America with economic opportunity and stability.
Now, let me speak of another kind of gateway. It, too,
*Ports
involves trade -- but a different kind. The drug trade.
Consider these statistics. Last year, the government
estimated that 23 million Americans used illegal drugs on a
"current" basis -- that is, at least once in the preceding 30
days. Last year, more than 8 million people used cocaine. And
almost 1 million used it once a week or more. Last year every
year -- as many as 200,000 babies were born to mothers who used
drugs -- babies born desperately sick, weeks or months premature.
A Nation with those numbers cannot long preserve its soul.
6
That is why three nights ago, I announced America's first
9/5/89
national, comprehensive, and coordinated strategy to wage
unconditional war against the scourge of drugs.
Our drug plan has four elements.
First, enforcement, using our laws and criminal justice
system. For America must take back the streets. We need more
jails, more prisons, more courts, more prosecutors.
And tougher
sentences. Drug dealers deserve a gateway, all right -- a
gateway to the slammer And for their ultimate bosses -- the
drug lords -- life in prison, with no parole.
Second, interdiction, as a tool of foreign policy. Working
with other governments, we're going to break the international
drugs rings who grow and process cocaine and crack. I agree with
President Barco of Columbia: If you use cocaine, you are paying
for murder
The third part of our strategy is treatment, to help addicts
who want to get clean. With special emphasis on expectant
mothers. And finally, our drug program aims to stop use before
it starts. Through education and prevention. From grade school
to graduate school.
This plan can help stop the trade I spoke of earlier. Some
trade builds lives. Drug trade takes lives. Lives like the New
York woman, Maria Hernandez, I talked about Tuesday night -- shot
to death in her bedroom one morning because she and her husband
had confronted local dealers. We must save such lives. And end
7
this trade. But it won't come cheaply. We must give of our
wallets, and of ourselves.
the
Maybe you tuned in Tuesday night. If so, you heard me
propose a 1990 drug budget totaling almost $8 billion -- the
largest single increase in history. An increase of $1.4 billion
for drug-related spending on law enforcement. Over $233 million
more for prevention programs. An additional $260 million in aid
for Columbia, Bolivia, and Peru. And I will ask Congress to help
their governments with a five-year, $2 billion program to counter
the producers, the traffickers, and the smugglers.
Yes, government will do its part. But as with any
partnership, government can't do it alone. We're all in this
together -- from cops to teachers, from parents to clergymen.
And we'll have to fight together to crush the drug menace at
every turn. Fighting in the barrios, and the boardrooms. In the
cities, and the towns. Winning kid-by-kid, house-by-house, and
neighborhood-by-neighborhood. Putting the emphasis where the
problem is -- locally, in the community.
Fellow parents and businessmen -- fellow Americans -- that's
where you come in. For drug abuse isn't merely numbers. It's
the young boy tormented by cocaine addiction. Or the pregnant
mother who crack use maims her child. It's the living, breathing
future of the Hispanic community. You must help them, and you
can.
Again, get involved. Join grass-roots groups like the Miami
Coalition of leaders from business, education, government, and
8
law enforcement to stop drug use. Take the time to know your
neighborhood at home and work. Support drug programs in your
children's school. Use your place of business as a storefront
against drugs. Displaying brochures and banners. Employing
volunteer counselors. Join the ranks of the caring and the
committed. Help win this great crusade.
Will you enlist? I believe you will. For Barbara and I
have spent much of our lives among Hispanic Americans. Building
a business. Raising children. Trying to live, like you, the
values of faith, family, work, community, and above all, freedom.
Our son Jeb's wife, Columba, is Hispanic. And they've got three
kids. So, you see, the Bush family feels doubly blessed. The
Hispanic culture is our culture, too.
In Hispanic America, roots run deep -- and aspirations high.
Its people ask not the promise of success -- only the opportunity
to succeed.
In Hispanic America, citizens reject tyranny and oppression.
And the dependency which starves the spirit and cheats the soul.
Hispanic America is at her best when the challenge is
greatest. So together, let us open the gateways of prosperity
and stability. And build for our children a better tomorrow.
They are the trustees of America's future. Let their horizons
touch the sky.
I appreciate your kindness, and the chance to share this
occasion. God bless you, thank you all, and "Dios Bendiga
America" [DEE-ose Ben-DEE-ga America].
Counsel Bill Lewis
except in prison for murder
moder another
National
Drug Control
Strategy
OF
PRES THIS OF ETS STATE THE UNITED $ 5
September 1989
The White House
Education, Community Action, and the Workplace
detailed descriptions of drug prevention programs and policies. These
plans should clearly address the consequences to faculty, staff, and
students of using drugs on campus. And these plans will be required as
a condition of eligibility for any Federal aid - including grants and con-
tracts, not just Student Financial Assistance.
Community Action
Schools and colleges can do a great deal to deter student drug use,
but they can't do it alone. Many of the youths who statistically are at
greatest risk of using drugs and becoming involved with crime are
dropouts who cannot immediately be reached through school-based
programs. So our anti-drug message is stronger, more consistent, and
more credible when entire, organized communities are involved as well.
Communities across the country are fed up with drugs; many are
beginning to fight back. In Miami, the Miami Coalition is bringing
together leaders from business, higher education, government, and law
enforcement to develop a comprehensive drug prevention strategy. In
San Francisco, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is
working with the Mayor's Drug Task Force - made up of representa-
tives from neighborhood-based agencies, corporations, health service
providers, tenant associations, and city departments - to develop pro-
grams for fighting crack in the city's housing projects. In Toledo, Ohio,
CARES (Chemical Abuse Reduced through Education Services) is a
county-wide prevention coalition composed of public and private school
districts, law enforcement agencies, drug and alcohol agencies, the
media, businesses, churches, family groups, and the juvenile court
system. Many other communities stand ready to take on illegal drugs.
When the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation recently announced a
program of grants for community drug prevention efforts, more than
450 towns and cities responded.
Churches have a special role to play. Drug use is a moral problem,
too, and more of our religious institutions must raise their voices
against it. One minister of an inner-city church in Washington, D.C.
recently led 100 members of his congregation on a march to a drug-
infested public housing project. And there are other ways our churches
can contribute, even by offering the use of their facilities to Narcotics
Anonymous and other self-help groups. These programs work, and they
are a low-cost way for churches to aid their communities in the preven-
tion effort.
Federal policy should encourage more communities to mobilize
against drugs. To this end, the Administration will seek $135 million for
a new program of grants for drug use prevention, with an emphasis on
substantial voluntary participation from the community. To assist
National Drug Control Strategy
53
3
single mixer. And who now employ 534 workers. They prove -- as
you do -- that while government can encourage opportunity, it is
Americans who seize opportunity.
Over the past decade, heroes like these -- and millions of
unsung Hispanic-American heroes -- have made big dreams come true
for themselves and so many others. Here's a partial score card
of your success: Since 1980, Hispanic-American-owned businesses
have nearly doubled. And today, they total more than 400,000.
And earned revenues of $20 billion in 1987 alone. Impressive?
You bet. Good enough? Never. For as long as one Hispanic-
American is bereft of hope, that is one American too many.
So as we work to extend the prosperity that blesses our
country today to all citizens, government can play a unique role
as a catalyst for opportunity.
As Vice-President, I supported the President's Task Force on
Private Sector Initiatives. And knowing how cooperation can spur
development, we have tried to build on what the Reagan
Administration fostered.
by Approved Justick
[[ I think, for example, of the '8-A" program and Commerce
has So small becausing
Department programs which have helped thousands of Hispanic and
paule
0" of them reducticontacts.
His
other minority owned companies ]] Or our nationwide education
and counseling services for small business owners; today -- count
'em -- 13,000 retired executives voluntarily serve. And we've
tried to spur projects like loan program 7-A, which this year
will extend about $2.6 billion in loans to help nearly 250,000
4
firms
Projects which are helping Hispanics travel America's
gateway to the future.
These partnerships will aid the shop owner in Los Angeles,
the small developer in Des Moines. And so will one final project
I'd like to mention: the 1990 census. Today, there are 19.5
million Hispanic-Americans. I urge you to make them count. Tell
your friends and neighbors to cooperate with Census officials.
Don't let the Decade of The Hispanic go unreflected in this
survey. So remember that the more accurate the Census is, the
greater Hispanics' I influence and ability to help people help
themselves.
So far, I have talked of the prosperity which can better the
lives of every American. And in that context, let me speak of
our relationship with Mexico.
The first head of state that I met with after the election
was President Salinas and two months ago, I was pleased to renew
our friendship at the Economic Summit. Mexico, by restructuring
her economy, reducing trade barriers and reaching agreement with
her commercial bank creditors has opened the gateway of increased
trade with America. We welcome this commerce. For Mexico is our
third-largest trading partner. And we look forward to next
month's State visit by President Salinas. Together, we can build
a gateway to the 1990s that will provide both Mexico and America
with economic opportunity and stability.
CLOSE HOLD
August 31, 1989
MEMORANDUM TO CURT SMITH
FROM:
STEPHANIE BLESSEY
SUBJECT:
Drug problem initiatives for Hispanics
The following points are taken from the Drug Strategy
Blueprint.
"Across the country we are seeing grass roots
examples of communities that are fed up with drugs
and are beginning to fight back. In Miami, The
Miami Coalition is bringing together leaders from
business, higher education, government, and law
enforcement to develop a comprehensive drug
prevention strategy." (p.82)
"
Because drug use is, at its heart, a moral
problem, we must hear much more form the churches.
In some cities the churches are beginning to get
involved. One minister of an inner city church in
Washington, D.C., for example, recently led 100
members of his congregation on a march to a drug-
infested public housing project. There are other
ways the churches can contribute, such as by
offering the use of their facilities to Narcotics
Anonymous and other self-help groups. (p.83)
"Many communities want to fight back against drugs
but don't know how or where to begin. To assist
such communities, the Federal government will
provide information, technical assistance, and
referrals to appropriate Federal resources through
a drug clearinghouse. (p.84)
"And we need to get the anti-drug parents' groups
more involved in our inner cities and with
preventing young people from using the more
dangerous drugs, like cocaine and crack, as well
as gateway drugs such as marijuana." (p.87)
"The majority of illegal drug users in the United
States are 18 to 40 years old, and employed. Some
experts believe that as many as twenty percent of
all American workers use illegal drugs on the
job.' (p.87)
O
"The Federal government has a responsibility to do
all that is can to promote comprehensive drug-free
workplace policies in the private sector.
Employers will be encouraged to: 1) develop and
communicate to all employees a clear drug policy
setting out expectations of behavior, employee
rights and responsibilities, and the actions to be
taken in response to an employee found to use
illegal drugs; 4) educate employees about the
plan; and 5) provide for identifying employees who
use drugs, including drug testing where
appropriate. The Federal government will also
move quickly to implement and strengthen the
regulations for the Drug-Free Workplace Act of
1988, which requires Federal contractors and
grantees to have drug-free workplace plans in
effect." (p.91)
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
FAX TRANSMISSION SHEET
USE THIS FORM TO REQUEST FAXING. FAX OPERATORS SHALL SEND IT AS THE FIRST PAGE OF EACH
FAX TRANSMISSION AND MAY KEEP IT AS A RECORD OF EACH TRANSMISSION. CALL 653-2528 IF THERE
ARE PROBLEMS IN RECEIVING A TRANSMISSION FROM CENTRAL OFFICE.
DATE 9/7
TIME 12:15.pm
This is page 1 of 10
SUBJECT:
WHITE HOUSE SPEECHWRITERS
(Person)
(Office)
(FAX Phone)
(Voice Phone)
TO: Stephanie (Person) Blessey (Office) Speedwriter
456-
456-
6218
7750
(FAX Phone)
(Voice Phone)
FROM:
Ben Janatt / SBA
653-
2442
IF THIS LINE IS CHECKED THE RECEIVING OFFICE MUST IMMEDIATELY CALL THE SENDER OR
FAX THIS COMPLETED FORM BACK TO THE SENDING OFFICE FAX NUMBER TO CONFIRM
RECEIPT. DISREGARD THIS BOTTOM PORTION IF THIS LINE IS NOT CHECKED.
RECEIPT DATE
RECEIPT TIME
RECEIVING OFFICE:
PERSON CONFIRMING:
SBA FORM 1414 (3-87) Use 2-85 edition until exhausted
*U.S. Government Printing Officer
S(A) PORTFOLIO
AS OF 07/89
NATIONAL TOTALS
8(A) July asof 89
BUSINESS
CLASS
MINORITY CODE
A
B
c
D
E
TOTAL
0
178
476
369
523
3
1549
( 49.29)
Puerto Rican
1
33
9
15
32
0.
89
( 2.83)
851 fr
2
31
119
19
36
0
205
( 6.52)
Hispanic
3
131
317
115
199
0
762
( 24.25)
4
71
64
42
307
0
484
( 15.40)
27% portfoli of
5
1
2
1
1
0
5
(
.15)
6
0
1
0
1
0
2
( .06)
7
8
7
6
25
0
46
( 1.46)
TOTAL
453
995
567
1,124
3
3,142
( 14.41)
( 31.66)
( 18.04)
( 35.77)
(
-09)
*PERCENTAGE TOTALS MAY NOT EQUAL 100 DUE TO ROUNDING
LEGEND
MINORITY CODES
BUSINESS CLASSES
0 BLACK
A - MANUFACTURING
1 - PUERTO RICAN
B - CONSTRUCTION
2 - AMERICAN INDIAN
C - NON-PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
3 - SPANISH SPEAKING
D - PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
4 ASIAN
E - CONCESSIONS
5 - ESKIMO/ALUET
6 UNDETERMINED
7 OTHER
in
September 7, 1989
MEMO TO STEPHANIE BLESSEY
FROM BEN JARRATT Ben
SUBJECT: Hispanic Business -- 8 (a) program
1) On August 15th, SBA Administrator Susan Engeleiter
announced final regulations for the SBA's Minority
Small Business and Captial Ownership Development
Program, commonly called the 8 (a) program.
These new regulations are in compliance with the
Business Opportunity Development Reform Act of 1988,
which was passed by Congress last year and signed
into law by President Reagan in November 1988.
According the SBA's General Counsel, there are no
outstanding legal issues or litigation facing this
8 (a) program. These are still some individual cases
involving participating companies, but these cases do not
reflect on the entire program.
The SBA strongly supportsathe 8 (a) program, has spent a lot
of time reworking its regulations, and believe the program
is even stronger now because of the new regulations. See
attached press release for further imformation.
2) Hispanic Figures:
As of July 1989, there were 851 Puerto Rican and Hispanic
firms participating in the 8 (a) program. This number
represents 27 percent of the 8 (a) portfolio. Attached.
According to 1982 Census figures, there are more than
248,000 Hispanic-owned businesses in the United States.
These businesses generate annual sales of nearly $15
billion in receipts. Attached.
According to the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, Hispanic
business is a growing and dynamic element in our economy.
This group states there are currently 340,000 Hispanic
Business Enterprises with gross sales of some $ 20 billion.
Attached.
NOTE: The SBA Fact Sheet on Hispanic-Owned Small Business
I sent you yesterday has further facts and figures about
this topic.
# # #
1988 State of Small Business
Report of the President
1982
Ensus
Characteristics of Minority-Owned Businesses Compared to All
Businesses, 1982
Industry Distribution of Minority-C
(Percent)
Business Owned by
Bus
All
All
Businesses
All
Minori-
Asians
Blacks
Hispanics
Industry
Businesses
All
Asi
ties
Minorities
Total
100.0
100.0
Number of Firms
Agriculture
3.6
2.8
(Thousands)
14,545.7
843.0
255.2
339.2
248.1
Mining
1.8
0.2
Sales per Firm
Construction
10.7
7,4
(Thousands of
Manufacturing
3.7
1.5
Dollars)
473.5
53.8
70.1
36.7
60.4
Transportation
4.0
5.3
Wholesale
Number of Firms
Trade
4.1
1.4
(Thousands)
NA
127.8
49.3
38.6
39.9
Retail Trade
19.6
25.5
Employees per Firm
NA
4.6
4.7
4.3
4.8
Finance
14.5
4.9
Sales per Firm
Services
36.9
41.6
(Thousands of
Not Classified
1.3
9.4
Dollars)
NA
252.2
264.8
220.8
266.9
About 2.7 percent of Hispanics are also black ac
NA=Not applicable.
the Bureau of the Census. The population with Spanish
About 2.7 percent of Hispanics are also black, according to unpublished data from
mailing list of Hispanic business owners for the 7
the
Bureau of the Census. The population with Spanish surnames was used to derive the
Business Enterprises. Spanish surnames are considered
mailing list of Hispanic business owners of the 7982 Survey of Minority-Owned:
secondary in categorizing the Census data. Theref
Business Enterprises. Spanish surnames are considered a primary characteristic and race
counting-a maximum of 2.7 percent of Hispanic-ow
econdary. in categorizing the Census data. Therefore there may be some double.
categorized as black-owned businesses-among the Hi
counting maximum of 2.7 percent of Hispanic-owned businesses could possibly be
surveyed. However, these small distortions should not
ategorized as black-owned businesses-among the Hispanic and black business owners
of minority businesses by race.
surveyed. However, these small distortions should not significantly affect the distribution
Sources: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Intern
minority businesses by race.
Income, 1978-1982 Partnership Returns (Washington,
Sources: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of
Office, June 1985), Table 5.5; idem, 1982 Corporation
income, 1978-1982 Partnership Returns (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
ton, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1985).
Office, June 1985), Table 5.5; idem, 7982 Corporation Income Tax Returns (Washing-
1984), Table 1; U.S. Department of Commerce, BL
ton, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1985), Table 6; idem, SOI Bulletin (July
Minority-Owned Business Enterprises, 7982, Asians,
1984); Table 1; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Survey of
Minorities (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printi
Minority-Owned Business Enterprises, 1982, Asians, American Indians, and Other
1; idem, Black (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
Minorities (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, October 1986); idem,
Table 1; and idem, Hispanic (Washington, D.C.: U.
Black (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, August 1985); and Idem,
September 1986), Table 1.
Hispanic (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1986).
sales for Hispanic or As
black-owned firms with em
17).31 Sales per minority-owned business were lower,
ployees per firm was small
on average, than sales for all businesses. Sales per
black-owned business were significantly lower than
or 1991. In 1982, SBA and the
Agency cooperated with the Bure
31 The information presented here relates to minority-owned busi-
detailed Characteristics of Busines
nesses in 1982 Minority businesses are surveyed as part of the in-
extensive demographic and business
dustrial census carried Out every five years by the Bureau of the
ples of minority. women, and no
Census. A new survey will be conducted in 1988 covering minority
The data from these surveys are CU
business activity in 1987, but results will not be published until 1990
pected to provide significant insight
ty and nonminority businesses.
44
P.2
SEP 07 '89 06:06 REBOULS*PRINT_SHOP.
HISPANK
CHAMBER
OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Hispanic business is a growing and dynamic element
in our nation's economy. This year there are at least
/
340,000 Hispanic Business Enterprises (HBEs) firms in the
United States gross sales totalling some $20 bil-
lion.
Ten years ago the Census Bureau estimated that
there were 219,000 HBES in the nation and in 1982 that
estimate was 298,000 firms. The USHCC estimates that the
number of Hispanic firms may have increased as much as 14
percent between 1982 and 1987.
Given the combination of lower interest rates and
demographics, it is quite likely that by 1990 the number
of HBES will range from 386,000 to 400,000 (see Figure
1).
The revenues of the Hispanic sector grew from an
estimated $10.4 billion to $16 billion in just the five
years between 1977 and 1982. Today the U.S. Hispanic
business sector is conservatively expected to gross close
to $20 billion in revenues.
The revenues accruing to Hispanic enterprise are
expected to parallel the growth of the national business
income. By 1990 the cumulative gross receipts of His-
panic enterprise is expected to increase to $25 billion.
Retail and services will remain dominant, but wholesal-
ing, manufacturing and transportation will contribute
significantly to increases in revenues between 1987 and
1990. Figure 2 illustrates the steady continual growth
of revenues accruing to Hispanic enterprise
-1-
H
United States therame Chamber of Commerce
SBA News
U.S. Small Business Administration
Washington. DC 20418
SBA Number:
89-30
For more information
Release Date:
contact:
August 15, 1989
Juanita Weaver
202-653-6822
Erline Patrick
202-653-6407
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PUBLISHES FINAL RULES FOR
MINORITY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
WASHINGTON, D.C., August 15 -- The U.S. Small Business
Administration (SBA), in compliance with the Business
Opportunity Development Reform Act of 1988, today issued final
regulations for its Minority Small Business and Capital
Ownership Development Program (MSB/COD), commonly called the
8 (a) Program.
Susan Engeleiter, the SBA administrator, said, "I am pleased
with the work SBA has done on the regulatory package we're
presenting today for the implementation of the new law. These
final regulations represent months of hard work and a
conscientious effort to be responsive to the law and more than
300 letters we received during the comment period."
The Business Opportunity Development Reform Act of 1988 (P.L.
100-656) was signed into law on November 15, 1988. The law and
its subsequent Technical Corrections Act (P.L. 101-37) mandate
critical changes to the 8 (a) program which now spans more than
two decades.
-more-
Page Two
The purpose of the 8 (a) program is to help develop promising
firms owned by economically and socially disadvantaged people.
The program gives these firms certain preferences, for a
limited period of time, in obtaining Federal contracts.
SBA officials said the new laws and resulting regulations have
three primary goals: 1) To emphasize business development for
socially and economically disadvantaged companies; 2) Increase
the number and diversity of firms owned and controlled by
socially and economically disadvantaged individuals throughout
the nation; and, 3) Ensure that program benefits accrue only to
eligible individuals and businesses.
Under the law and the implementing regulations:
Program participation is increased from seven to nine
years and divided into two stages: a four-year
developmental stage, and a five-year transitional stage.
o The SBA must process all properly completed 8 (a)
applications within 90 days.
Potential 8 (a) firms are required to complete a detailed
application and to have either management or technical
experience.
o
8 (a) firms must be at least 51% unconditionally owned,
controlled and managed by socially and economically
disadvantaged individuals, tribes or organizations.
-more-
Page Three
0 Stiffer penalties are imposed for firms that misrepresent
their status to qualify for 8 (a) program participation.
0 To improve their ability to survive after "Graduation"
from the program, participants must obtain specific
percentages of their business outside the 8(a) program.
o
Competition among 8 (a) firms is required for manufacturing
contracts over $5 million and for all other product and
service contracts over $3 million.
o Graduated thresholds for personal net worth are established
to help determine economic disadvantage.
In addition, the law provides $10 million for new direct and
guarantee loan programs administered by SBA for 8 (a) firms;
improves government-wide support for the program; and
establishes a Commission on Minority Business Development to
review and assess all federal programs intended to promote the
development of minority-owned business.
Regulations covering these additional requirements of the law
will be published separately in the Federal Register.
-30-
FACT SHEET 36
U.S. Small Business Administration
SECTION 8(a) PROGRAM
THE PROGRAM
OUTREACH
cans, Hispanic Americans, Native
Americans (American Indians, Alaskan
The 8(a) Contracting and Business
Outreach to the minority business
Natives, Eskimos, Aleuts or Native
Development Program started in 1968
community is essential for the success of
Hawaiians); Asian Pacific Americans
and is named for the section of the Small
SBA's Minority Small Business Pro-
(persons with origins from Japan, China,
Business Act from which it derives its
grams. It is through this function that
the Philippines, Vietnam, Korea, Samoa,
authority. Through the 8(a) Program,
the Agency monitors and develops
Guam, U.S. Trust Territory of the
small companies owned by socially and
special programs for equal access. With
Pacific Islands, Northern Marianas,
economically disadvantaged persons can
its outreach efforts, SBA stays abreast of
Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan), Asian
obtain Federal Government contracts and
developments and provides information
Americans (persons with origins from
other assistance in developing their
on issues and concerns to the commu-
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri
business.
nity. The Agency works closely with
Lanka) and members of other groups
trade associations, other federal agencies,
designated from time to time by SBA.
Under the 8(a) Program, SBA acts as a
and state and local governments to
prime contractor and enters into all types
promote minority business development.
b. Individuals not members of the
of Federal Government contracts
above-named groups must establish their
(including but not limited to, supply.
ELIGIBILITY
social disadvantage on the basis of clear
services, construction, research and
and convincing evidence. A clear and
development) with other government
Applicants for 8(a) Program participa-
convincing case of social disadvantage
departments and agencies and negotiates
tion must meet certain program require-
must include the following elements:
subcontracts for the performance thereof
ments which include, but are not limited
with small companies in the 8(a)
to, the following criteria:
(i) The individual's social
Program.
disadvantage must stem from his or her
1. Ownership: In order to be eligible
color; national origin; gender; physical
PURPOSE
to participate in the 8(a) Program, an
handicap; long-term residence in an en-
applicant concern must be one which is
vironment isolated from the mainstream
The purpose of the 8(a) Program is to:
at least 51 percent owned by an
of American society, or other similar
individual(s) who is a citizen of the
cause beyond the individual's control.
(1)
Foster business ownership by
United States (specifically excluding
individuals who are socially and eco-
resident alien(s)) and who are deter-
(ii) The individual must demon-
nomically disadvantaged.
mined to be socially and economically
strate that he or she has personally
disadvantaged.
suffered social disadvantage, not merely
(2)
Promote the competitive viability
claim membership in a non-designated
of such firms by providing such viable
2. Social Disadvantage: Socially
group which could be considered socially
contract, financial, technical and man-
disadvantaged individuals are those who
disadvantaged.
agement assistance as may be necessary.
have been subjected to racial or ethnic
prejudice or cultural bias because of their
(iii) The individual's social
(3)
Clarify and expand the program
identity as a member of a group without
disadvantage must be chronic, long-
for the procurement by the United States
regard to their individual qualities.
standing and substantial, not fleeting or
of articles, equipment, supplies, service,
insignificant.
materials, and construction work from
a. Members of Designated Groups:
small business concerns owned by
Absent evidence to the contrary, the
(iv) The individual's social
socially and economically disadvantaged
following individuals are considered
disadvantage must be rooted in treatment
individuals.
socially disadvantaged: Black Ameri-
which he or she has experienced in
American society, not in other countries.
(v) The individual's social
successfully perform subcontracts
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
disadvantage must have negatively
awarded under the 8(a) Program, and
impacted on his or her entry into, and/or
further, with such support, will have a
Contact the nearest SBA office for
advancement in, the business world.
reasonable prospect for success in
further information.
competition in the private sector.
3. Economic Disadvantage: Economi-
cally disadvantaged individuals are
7. Ineligible Businesses: Brokers and
socially disadvantaged individuals whose
packagers are ineligible for 8(a) program
ability to compete in the free enterprise
participation.
system has been impaired due to dimin-
ished capital and credit opportunities, as
S. Program Participation Term
compared to others in the same or
(PPT): Every 8(a) Program participant
similar line of business and competitive
is subject to a PPT. This term will be
market area who are not socially
nine years from the date an applicant is
disadvantaged.
certified as a program participant.
In determining the degree of economic
9. Program Termination: Participa-
disadvantage consideration shall be given
tion of a Section 8(a) business concern in
to the following: (I) personal net worth
the 8(a) Program may be terminated by
and financial condition of the disadvan-
SBA prior to the expiration of the
taged individual; (2) business financial
concern's PPT for good cause.
condition: (3) access to credit and
capital, and (4) a comparison will be
OTHER ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE
made of the applicant concern's business
and financial profile with profiles of
Financial assistance is available through
businesses in the same or similar line of
the Agency's many lending programs.
business and competitive market area.
The Agency also provides advance
payments, when justified, on 8(a)
4. Control and Management: An
contracts to cover the operating costs of
applicant concern's management and
completing these contracts. Contractors
daily business operations must be
in the program can receive a wide range
controlled by an individual(s) deter-
of assistance in managing their firms,
mined to be socially and economically
including pamphlets, individual counsel-
disadvantaged, and such individual(s)
ing. seminars and professional guidance.
must be engaged in the daily manage-
In addition, these companies may be
ment and operation of the business
eligible to receive the bonding necessary
concern.
to perform on government contracts.
5. Size Standard: In order to be
HOW TO APPLY
eligible to participate in the 8(a) Pro-
gram, an applicant concern must qualify
It is SBA's policy that any individual or
as a small business concern as defined
business has the right to apply for
for the purposes of Government in
Section 8(a) assistance, whether or not
s121.3-8 of the SBA Rules and Regula-
there is an appearance of eligibility.
tions. The particular size standard to be
applied will be based on the primary
Applications for admission are to be
industry classification of the applicant
filed and approved cases are to be
concern.
serviced in the SBA field office serving
the territory in which the principal place
6. Potential for Success: To be
of business of the applicant concern is
eligible to participate in the 8(a) Pro-
located. Principal place of business
gram, an otherwise eligible applicant
means the location at which:the corpo-
concern must be determined to be one
rate records of the applicant concern are
Issued by:
that with contract, financial, technical
maintained.
Office of Public Communications
and management support will be able to
Revised: February 1989
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
FAX STRANSMISSION SHEET
USE THIS FORM TO REQUEST FAXING. FAX OPERATORS SHALL SEND IT AS THE FIRST PAGE OF EACH
FAX TRANSMISSION AND MAY KEEP IT AS A RECORD OF EACH TRANSMISSION. CALL 653-2528 IF THERE
ARE PROBLEMS IN RECEIVING A TRANSMISSION FROM CENTRAL OFFICE.
DATE 9/6
TIME 5PM
This is page 1 of 25
SUBJECT: write House Speechwriters
(FAX Phone)
(Voice Phone)
TO: Stephanie (Person) (Person) Blessey/WRiteHouse (Office) (Office)
456-6218
456-
7750
(FAX Phone) (Voice Phone)
FROM:
Ben Janah /SBA
653-
2442
IF THIS LINE IS CHECKED THE RECEIVING OFFICE MUST IMMEDIATELY CALL THE SENDER OR
FAX THIS COMPLETED FORM BACK TO THE SENDING OFFICE FAX NUMBER TO CONFIRM
RECEIPT. DISREGARD THIS BOTTOM PORTION IF THIS LINE IS NOT CHECKED.
RECEIPT DATE
RECEIPT TIME
RECEIVING OFFICE:
PERSON CONFIRMING:
more info on Hispanics to
follow - Fact Sheet. is
accurate.
SBA FORM 1414 (3-87) Use 2-85 edition until exhausted
*U.S. Government Printing Officer
September 6, 1989
MEMO TO STEPHANIE BLESSEY
FROM BEN JARRATT, 653-2442
SUBJECT: Business Loan Activity at SBA
The following summarizes the dollar amount appropriated
to businesses under the SBA's regular business loans,
which includes 7(a) guaranteed loans:
Page 1) This page reflects loans approved for FY
1989 as of July 31, 1989. The SBA has approved 15,216
Business Loans for an aggregate of $2.6 billion.
In FY 1989, $3.2 billion was appropriated for total
Business Loans which includes both guaranteed and
direct loans.
Page 2) This page reflects the SBA porfolio as of
July 31, 1989 broken down by the different programs.
The total business loans in the portfolio was 106,148
valued at $11.6 billion.
When you include SBA disaster loans of 135,844, valued at
$3 billion, you get a total of 243,928 loans in the
total SBA portfolio, valued at $16 billion. This figure
is down from the 1988 figure of 269,000 total SBA loans.
NOTE: If you were to annualize the July 1989 figures, the SBA
is expected to make approximately 18,000 Business Loans
for a total loan amount of approximately $3 billion --
slightly less than the $3.2 billion appropriated.
Page /
SEP.
APPROVAL SUMMARY
MARS 390
COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND PRIOR YEARS
FISCAL YEAR TO DATE
JULY
1989
(SBA'S SHARE - DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
68,9
68
AGENCYWIDE
TOTAL APPROVAL ACTIVITY
MINORITY APPROVAL ACTIVITY
17:15
FY
1989
FY
1988
FY
1989
FY
1988
NUMBER
DOLLAR
NUMBER
DOLLAR
NUMBER
DOLLAR
NUMBER
DOLLAR
REGULAR BUSINESS
13,245
2,174.9
12,346
1,985.6
1,616
265.8
1,410
225.5
DIRECT & IP
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
GUARANTEED
13,245
2,174.9
12,346
1,985.6
1,616
265.8
1,41t
225.5
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
464
47.6
380
37.0
252
24.4
231
23.9
DIRECT & IP
254
16.9
238
14.2
146
9.5
126
7.1
GUARANTEED
210
30.7
142
22.8
106
14.9
105
16.8
HANDICAPPED
137
13.2
109
8.8
17
1.5
9
.4
DIRECT & IP
133
12.0
108
8.7
SBA CENTRAL WASH.
17
1.5
9
.4
GUARANTEED
4
1.2
1
.2
0
.0
0
.0
ENERGY
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
DIRECT 6 IP
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
GUARANTEED
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
VETERANS
235
17.0
219
15.8
50
3.6
37
2.6
DIRECT & IP
235
17.0
219
15.8
50
3.6
37
2.6
GUARANTEED
0
.0
0
.0
0
.0
0
-0
DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
1.135
309.3
1,034
266.8
84
25.1
B9
24.2
DIRECT & IP
0
.0
0
.0
o
-0
0
.0
502 GUARANTEED
124
43.3
96
32.2
21
7.9
11
4.2
503 GUARANTEED
0
.1
3
.8
0
.0
0
.0
504 GUARANTEED
1,011
266.0
935
233.8
63
17.3
78
20.0
TOTAL BUSINESS LOANS
15,216
2,562.0
14,088
2,314.2
2,019
320.5
1,777
276.6
DIRECT a IP'
622
45.9
565
38.7
213
14.7
172
10.1
GUARANTEED
14,594
2,516.1
13,523
2,275.4
1,806
305.9
1,605
266.6
TOTAL DISASTER LOANS
3,255
110.7
13,336
240.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
HOME
1,937
26.8
11,243
152.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
FARM
3
.3
1
.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
BUSINESS
1,315
83.6
2,092
87.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
OTHER PHYSICAL & EIDL
1,315
83.6
2,092
87.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PAYMENT IN KIND
0
.0
0
.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
OTHER FED.ACTION
0
.0
0
.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
CURRENCY FLUCTUATION
0
.0
0
.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PAGE: AGENCYWIDE-1
P. 3/
AGENCYWIDE
PORTFOLIO SUMMARY
MARS 393
LOANS, GUARANTEES, AND LIQUIDATION ASSETS OUTSTANDING
COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND PRIOR YEARS
AS OF 07/31/89
(SBA SHARE)
Page 2
FY 1989
FY 1988
NUMBER
AMOUNT
NUMBER
AMOUNT
TOTAL PORTFOLIO
243,928
$16,298,205,421.66
269,604
$16.177,105,386.25
TOTAL BUSINESS EXCL INVEST.
106,148
$11,617,541,699.85
108.767
$11,123,491,914.96
REGULAR BUSINESS
88,137
$9,454,655,004.32
90,575
$9,128,392,004.09
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
5,484
$237,861,633.27
6,219
$234,015,402.83
HANDICAPPED ASST.
1,503
$100,410,578.24
1,508
$101,752,050.85
ENERGY
114
$12,007,685.27
144
$15,039,695.56
VETERANS
999
$59,536,383.04
886
$53,259,751.48
501 DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
11
$3,736,840.74
13
$4,776,232.21
502 DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
2.871
$336,546,581.83
3,133
$336,581,757.26
503 DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
4,474
$838,148,028.63
4,617
$887.345,346.13
504 DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
2,555
$574,638,964.51
1,672
$362,329,674.55
INVESTMENT COMPANY
1,936
$1,662,755,490.07
2,025
$1,623,022,575.91
MESBIC
425
$401,242,694.99
412
$372,146,835.21
SBIC
1,511
$1,261,512,795.08
1,613
$1,250,875,740.70
TOTAL DISASTER
135,844
$3.017,908,231.74
158,812
$3,430,590,895.38
HOME
85,501
$704,732,741.42
99,527
$776,729,588.70
FARM
23,597
$942,205,802.90
29,395
$1,167,293,814.66
BUSINESS
26,746
$ 1,370,969,687.42
29,890
$1,486.567.492.02
PAGE:
AGENCYWIDE-2
FACT SHEET NO.47
U.S. Small Business Administration
FACTS ABOUT HISPANIC-OWNED
SMALL BUSINESSES
SBA ASSISTANCE
two categories represented 63.1 percent
receipts of all Hispanic-owned firms
of all Hispanic-owned firms and 53.8
($11.9 billion).
In Fiscal 1988, the U.S. Small Business
percent of the gross receipts.
Administration (SBA) provided a total
The cities with the largest number of
of 695 loans, totaling more than $103.5
The vast majority of firms 233,476 or
Hispanic-owned firms in 1982 were:
million to Hispanic-owned small
94.1 percent owned by Hispanics in
businesses in the United States and
1982 operated as sole proprietorships.
Puerto Rico (excluding disaster loans).
Partnerships totaled 9,418 or 3.8 percent
City
No. Firms
Receipts
Los Angeles
10,583
$620 million
of the firms. Corporations accounted for
New York
10,388
$799 million
Through the 8(a) program. SBA awards
2.1 percent of the firms.
San Antonio
9,180
$486 million
contracts to eligible socially and eco-
Miami
8,820
$1.06 billion
Hispanic businesses had gross receipts of
Houston
6,014
$325 million
nomically disadvantaged firms. During
El Paso
5,391
$378 million
Fiscal 1988, over 1,100 contracts were
$15 billion in 1982, up from $10.4
Hialeah, FL
4,614
5258 million
let to Hispanic-owned firms totaling
billion in 1977. Sole proprietorships
Chicago
2,743
$197 million
more than $876 million. There are
accounted for 65.2 percent of the gross
Corpus Christi
2,405
$106 million
San Jose, CA
2,365
S 95 million
approximately 780 Hispanic-owned
receipts; partnerships, 10.7 percent and
firms in the United States and Puerto
corporations, 33.1 percent.
Rico in the 8(a) program portfolio.
The Census Bureau data showed that 34
SBA maintains the Procurement Auto-
percent of Hispanic-owned firms had
mated Source System (PASS). which is
gross receipts of less than $5,000.
a computerized data base of small
business contractors. The system
Hispanic-owned automotive dealers and
responds to requests made by govern-
service stations had the highest gross
ment agencies or major contractors for
receipts of any industry group for
potential small business suppliers. There
Hispanic-owned businesses in 1982
are more than 6,800 Hispanic-owned
$1.3 billion from 3,746 firms.
firms profiled in the system.
The data showed that California had the
GENERAL
largest number of Hispanic-owned firms
74,998 with gross receipts of $4.2
The most recent data available from the
billion. Texas had the second largest
U.S. Bureau of the Census shows that in
number of firms 61,540 with gross
1982, there were 248,141 U.S. busi-
receipts of $3.4 billion.
nesses owned by members of the
Hispanic population, up from 220,000 in
California, Texas, Florida, New York
1977.
and New Mexico had the highest
concentration of Hispanic-owned firms,
Issued by
Hispanic firms were concentrated in
with 193,885. These states also ac.
Office of Public Communications
selected services and retail trade. These
counted for 80 percent of the gross
Revised: February 1989
W. W. Rogers
WEBSTER'S
AMERICAN
BIOGRAPHIES
Charles Van Doren, EDITOR
Robert McHenry, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
R
a Merriam-Webster
G. & C. MERRIAM COMPANY, Publishers
SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS
ROMANOFF 889
"Checkers up at the
were in later years
companies; neither had any military success, how-
He remained on the faculty until his death. Röl-
ifetime he sold some
ever, and, plagued by his own dishonesty and
vaag was a strong devotee of Norwegian culture
ted original models,
dissipation, he sailed back to England in 1780 and
and a perceptive student of immigrant life in
lived out the rest of his life in dire poverty. He
America. As he watched the natives of Scandinavia
New York Historical
came crippled after
died in London on May 18, 1795.
becoming assimilated into American society, he
became an advocate of what came to be called
nore. He died in New
he had long had a
Rogers, Will (1879-1935), humorist, entertainer,
"cultural pluralism." He urged his fellow Nor-
and actor. Born on November 4, 1879, near
wegians to retain their language, customs, and
Oologah in the Indian Territory (later in Oklaho-
religion, feeling they would make a better contri-
1, frontiersman and
ma), William Penn Adair Rogers grew up in cattle
bution to their new country in so doing. He op-
Massachusetts, then a
country and became highly adept with the lasso.
posed the work of the "Americanizers" whose
ber 7, 1731, Rogers
Sent to a succession of boarding schools, he found
efforts during World War I were generated by the
had from Indians and
formal education confining and finally gave it up
myth of the melting pot. In 1925 he was a founder
unting and exploring
entirely in 1898. After a time as a cowboy in Texas
and first secretary of the Norwegian American
first trouble in New
he took to travel and in 1902, in South Africa,
Historical Association. Rölvaag, whose novels were
he was charged with
joined Texas Jack's touring Wild West Circus as
written in Norwegian, is best known for two
F it in a way that he
a rope artist. Two years later he returned to the
novels, I de Dage, 1924, and Riketgrundlægges,
it, by volunteering for
United States and continued to perform in various
1925, translated and published together in English
ench at Crown Point,
Wild West and vaudeville shows, gradually in-
as Giants in the Earth, 1927, an epic of immigrant
nch and Indian Wars.
troducing into his act humorous patter that, spoken
life on the prairies of South Dakota in the 1870s.
various scouting for-
with a distinct Southwestern drawl and delivered
The first of a trilogy, it was followed by Peder
commander, Sir Wil-
in an offhand and rather diffident manner, proved
Victorious, 1929, and Their Fathers' God, 1931.
made a captain of a
a delight to his audiences. He first appeared in
Rölvaag's first published novel, Amerika Breve,
egular army the next
New York at Hammerstein's Roof Garden in 1905.
1912, was based on his own experiences in coming
Rogers rose quickly to stardom on Broadway, ap-
to the United States. It was translated in 1971 as
ajor in charge of nine
gers's Rangers-two
pearing in a number of musical revues and, after
The Third Life of Per Smevik. His next novel, The
at Halifax in 1757; at
1915, regularly in the Ziegfeld Follies. His wry
Forgotten Path, 1914, has fallen into obscurity. In
paign in which, in the
humor-homely and good-natured but often with
1920 he wrote a bitter account of two uncouth
arch 13, 1758, at Lake
a sharply satirical point underneath-became even
immigrants who were driven only by the desire
y losses and escaped
more popular as he turned to political topics and
for wealth. Its original title meant "two fools,"
ians at what became
comments on the social scene. In 1922 he began
but it was translated as Pure Gold in 1930. The
Crown Point again in
writing a weekly column for the New York Times
Boat of Longing, 1921, translated 1933, took up
next year, which also
that was soon syndicated nationally; in 1926,
the theme of the immigrant in the city. In 1926
surrender of Detroit.
while touring Europe as President Calvin
Rölvaag suffered a heart attack which permanently
daring raids and his
Coolidge's unofficial goodwill ambassador, he be-
impaired his health. In August 1931 he resigned
emy territory to obtain
gan submitting daily reports to his readers and
his teaching duties to spend his full time writing,
small detachments of
reached an audience estimated at 40 million. He
but he died suddenly on November 5, in North-
last French and Indian
wrote a number of books as well, including The
field, Minnesota.
and romantic military
Cowboy Philosopher on Prohibition, 1919; The
his troubles returned
Illiterate Digest, 1924; There's Not a Bathing-Suit
Romanoff, Michael (1892?-1971), "Prince Mike,"
e was a bad adminis-
in Russia, 1927; and Ether and Me, 1929. As early
impostor and restaurant owner. Possibly born in
as 1918 Rogers appeared in motion pictures, but it
Vilna, Lithuania, then a part of Russia, about
er appointments given
nd New York, and a
was after about 1929 that he achieved real success
1892, Harry F. Gerguson-which may have been
ed in illicit dealings
in that medium; among his most popular films
his real name-seems to have grown up in modest,
his debts reached un-
were A Connecticut Yankee, 1931; State Fair, 1933;
if not poor, circumstances in the United States, al-
e fled to England, in
and David Harum, 1934. Rogers died with pilot
though when he arrived, and in what circumstances,
; Journals and his Con-
Wiley Post in an airplane crash near Point Bar-
is lost in the miasma that he intentionally created
nerica, both more re-
row, Alaska, on August 15, 1935.
in after years. According to one of his own ac-
tions of frontier ex-
counts (they varied with each questioner) he
an for their accuracy,
Rölvaag, Ole Edvart (1876-1931), author and ed-
stowed away to England about 1910 and attended
ucator. Born on April 22, 1876, on the island of
Eton, Oxford, and Cambridge, although there is
le Savages of America,
e was appointed com-
Dönna in Helgeland, Norway, Rölvaag grew up
no evidence for this or numerous other claims of
in a small settlement where fishing was the only
the same sort. He may have served the Allies in
anac (Michilimackinac)
nd lived there for two
means of livelihood. From the time he was fifteen
some military capacity during World War I, but
atched Jonathan Carver
until after he turned twenty, he sailed in the open
in any event he first came to public notice in 1919,
became Minnesota. His
boats that worked the fishing grounds off the
when, taking careful note of the well-publicized
right dishonesty in his
Lofoten Islands. At twenty he emigrated to the
vacancies in the Russian imperial family, he an-
United States, arriving in 1896. For three years he
nounced that he was Prince Michael Alexand-
made against him by
worked on an uncle's farm in South Dakota. Then,
rovich Dmitri Obolensky Romanoff, nephew (later
as Gage, and he was
son in England after
being determined to get an education, he attended
he said half-brother) of the last Czar of all the
for a lucrative position
Augustana Academy at Canton, South Dakota,
Russias. He ran up large bills at hotels, res-
ested by George Wash-
from 1899 to 1901. He graduated from St. Olaf
taurants, and stores in Paris and London, declar-
rn to America in 1775,
College in 1905, and after a year of further study
ing grandly that the Russian nobility settled its
zed two Loyalist ranger
at the University of Oslo, returned to the college
accounts only once a year, but when he failed to
as professor of Norwegian language and literature.
pay he was thrown into jail. Returning to the
cyclopodia
THE
ERICANA
BE
GREAT
THE
THE
OROT to
SDEMONA
Encyclopedia AMERICA
989
U.S. CONSTITUTION BICENTENNIAL
COMMEMORATIVE EDITION
Ref
AE5
E4
1989
DELUXE LIBRARY EDITION
v.8
WH
DEARBORN-DEATH
563
that America's best interest lay in remaining a
DEATH, the irreversible cessation of life. Death
part of the British Empire. He transferred his
may be due to a wide variety of diseases and
loyalties to the British and spent his final years
disorders, but in every case the underlying physi-
in exile. He died aboard ship near Deal, En-
ological cause is a breakdown in the body's
gland, on Sept. 23, 1789.
oxygen cycle. Life cannot continue without oxy-
DON HIGGINBOTHAM
gen, and the oxygen cycle is maintained by the
University of North Carolina
interaction of several different body tissues and
organs. For example, the respiratory centers in
DEARBORN, Henry (1751-1829), American army
the brainstem control the mechanism of breath-
officer, congressman, and secretary of war. He
ing, the lungs permit oxygen from the inhaled
was born in Hampton, N. H., on Feb. 23, 1751,
air to diffuse into the blood, and the heart pumps
and became a physician. Dearborn helped orga-
the oxygenated blood through the blood vessels.
nize a militia company at the start of the Revolu-
Although the body cells require many different
tionary War and fought in the Battle of Bunker
substances to carry on their life processes, the
Hill. He joined Benedict Arnold's expedition to
need for a continuous supply of oxygen is the
Quebec and later participated in the siege of
most essential. Without oxygen, the brain, which
Yorktown.
normally uses about 25% of the blood's total
After representing the Maine district of Massa-
oxygen supply, rapidly deteriorates. Other organs
chusetts in Congress (1793-1797), Dearborn
with high oxygen requirements soon also de-
served as secretary of war (1801-1809) in
teriorate and stop functioning.
Jefferson's administration. In 1812, President
Although the breakdown of the oxygen cycle
Madison named him senior major general in com-
is always the underlying cause of death, it is not
mand of the northeastern front, but a series of
used as the basis for classifying causes of death
military failures during the War of 1812 resulted
because most fatal diseases and disorders affect
in his recall. In 1815, Madison withdrew his
more than one of the organs or tissues involved
nomination of Dearborn to head the War De-
in the oxygen cycle. Thus the condition leading
partment again. From 1822 to 1824, Dearborn
to the breakdown of the oxygen cycle is listed as
was minister to Portugal. He died in Roxbury,
the cause of death.
Mass., on June 6, 1829.
HOWARD W. SMITH
IMPORTANT CAUSES OF DEATH
Spring Hill College
IN THE UNITED STATES
Annual deaths per
DEARBORN, a city in southeastern Michigan, in
Cause
100,000 population
Wayne county, on the River Rouge, 10 miles
Heart disease
336.2
(16 km) west of the center of Detroit. The city
Cancer
171.7
is renowned as the birthplace of Henry Ford and
Stroke
98.1
as the home of the Ford Motor Company. More
Accidents, total
48.4
than 200 other plants manufacturing metal prod-
Motor-vehicle accidents
21.5
Falls
7.0
ucts, machinery, bricks, and other products are
Drowning
3.1
also situated here.
Other
16.7
Pneumonia
24.1
The city is the seat of the University of
Diabetes mellitus
16.5
Michigan Dearborn campus and of Henry Ford
Cirrhosis of the liver
14.8
Community College. Dearborn devotes 15% of its
Arteriosclerosis
13.6
Suicide
12.0
area to parks, playgrounds, and swimming pools
Homicide
10.0
and operates Camp Dearborn, comprising 626
All causes
888.5
acres (253 hectares) in Oakland county, 35 miles
(75 km) northwest of the city.
A notable feature of the city is Greenfield
When an individual dies, the various tissues
Village, a representation of early American life
and organs of the body do not die simultaneously
planned by Henry Ford. Nearby is the Henry
but remain viable for varying periods of time.
Ford Museum. Other features of Dearborn are
Formerly, this phenomenon was only of academic
Fair Lane, Ford's home; Henry Ford Centennial
and medicolegal interest, but it has become of
Library; and the city's oldest buildings-McFad-
great practical importance since the advent of
den-Ross Historical Museum and the comman-
human organ transplantation. If a kidney, heart,
dant's quarters, both part of a U.S. arsenal built
or liver is to be transplanted, the organ must be
in the 1830's. See also GREENFIELD VILLAGE.
in a viable state if it and the recipient are to
Settled in 1795, Dearborn was named for
survive. Thus, in order for transplants to succeed,
Henry Dearborn, a Revolutionary War general.
the death of the donor-from an obvious and
It was a stagecoach stop on the Chicago Trail,
irreversible cause-must be pronounced before
and in 1848 was made the site of one of six toll-
the limited viability of the organ is exhausted. The
gates on the Chicago Turnpike, a plank road
irreversible cessation of brain function is the main
from Detroit to Chicago.
criterion of death used by doctors, and the
At Ford Airport in Dearborn, built by Ford
transplant cannot be carried out without the legal
and operated from 1924 to 1933, the first all-metal
consent of the dead person's next of kin.
multiengine commercial airliner in the United
The usual first signs of death are absence of
States was built, and the first contract airmail ser-
nervous system activity, heart action, and respira-
vice on domestic routes was inaugurated.
tion. Later other signs appear. These include
Dearborn was incorporated in 1929. It is
livor mortis, the blue discoloration of the skin
governed 90,660. by a mayor and council. Population:
due to the gravitational settling of the blood in
dependent parts of the body; rigor mortis, the
ROLLIN P. MARQUIS
stiffening of the muscles after death; and the
Dearborn City Librarian
cooling of the body.
MILTON HELPERN, M.D.
DEARBORN, Fort. See FORT DEARBORN.
Former Chief Medical Examiner, New York City
HM
8T.4
DELUXE LIBRARY EDITION
686T
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AE5
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NOLLIGE HALLVHOW3WWOO
U.S. CONSTITUTION BICENTENNIAL
6861
VNVIRINV
AID
MEXICO
M to
STATEMENT
If
THE
THE
MERICANA
ncyclopedia
304
MARCONI
nations to both the University of Bologna and
the Naval Academy at Leghorn. Marconi's later
testimony that at age 20 he was "fairly well
acquainted" with prior work on radio waves by
Maxwell, Kelvin, Hertz, Édouard Branly, Oliver
Lodge, Augusto Righi "and many others' cannot
easily be attributed to the resources at Leghorn.
His oldest daughter Degna's 1962 biography of
her father says that Righi, a professor at the Uni-
versity of Bologna and a neighbor of the Villa
Grifone, allowed the eager young Marconi to
audit classes and do laboratory exercises at the
university, and offered advice when requested.
Whatever the preliminaries, Marconi seems to
have first hit on the idea of communication by
radio waves in mid-1894, after reading a memo-
rial review of Hertz' work written by Righi. In
the Villa Grifone's long attic he assembled a
Hertz-Righi spark transmitter and a Branly-Lodge
coherer receiver, and by early 1895 he could ring
a bell a few yards away. For greater distance
the experiments were moved outdoors. Major
improvements resulted when horizontal wires a
few feet long were extended from each side of
the transmitter spark circuit and terminated in
suspended metal plates, and a similar structure
was attached to the receiver circuit. When in late
1895 these wires were changed to a vertical posi-
tion, and the lower plates laid flat on moist earth.
BROWN BROTHERS
Marconi's radio operated a Morse "inker" at the
Guglielmo Marconi at one of the radio transmitting and
remote end of the estate, more than a mile away
receiving stations that inaugurated the era of radio.
and over a small hill. This antenna-ground struc-
ture was a major invention.
Marconi's parents now agreed that it was time
MARCONI, mär-kõ'nē, Guglielmo (1874-1937),
to explore commercial prospects. Following re-
Italian inventor, who received half of the 1909
jections in Italy, an Irish relative and grain-
Nobel Prize for physics for his work in develop-
milling engineer, Henry Jameson Davis, invited
ing wireless telegraphy. This award surprised
Marconi to come to London. Marconi arrived
many physicists, since previous awards had been
there with equipment in February 1896. By
for such laboratory studies as revealing X rays,
July a patent was applied for and granted, and
radium and radioactivity, and the electron. What
a successful demonstration was made to Post
had Marconi done? Measured by the extent to
Office engineers over a distance of almost a mile.
which he had shattered firmly established "laws
When the Wireless Telegraph and Signal Com-
of nature," Marconi was well qualified for the
pany was formed a year later, the distance
prize. Mainly in the years 1900-1903, he had
achieved was close to 10 miles (16 km).
shown that the electromagnetic waves predicted
For the next three years Marconi, with com-
by James Clerk Maxwell and demonstrated by
pany money, engaged mainly in building several
Heinrich Hertz could carry messages at frequen-
experimental wireless stations, extending the maxi-
cies of a few hundred kilohertz 2,000 miles
mum distance of transmission and making demon-
(3,200 km) and more around the earth's curva-
strations whose publicity might bring business.
ture, many times farther than any known theory
A major obstacle to commercial success was the
would allow. It was a major geophysical dis-
total government monopoly in Britain and many
covery not fully explained until the 1920's.
European countries of all facilities for commercial
Marconi's background for the accomplishment
message-handling within or between the coun*
was unusual. His 38-year-old widower father,
tries. Communications exempted from the mo-
Giuseppe, a businessman of Bologna, Italy, had
nopoly included ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore
eloped in 1864 with 17-year-old Annie Jameson,
service and a few transoceanic routes. Thus the
a music student from a well-to-do family in Ire-
company's first small income-producing contracts
land. Their children were Alfonso, born a year
were with Lloyd's of London, the British Army
later, and Guglielmo, born in Bologna on April
and Navy, and three shipping companies.
25, 1874. About 1855, Giuseppe's father had
By mid-1900, Marconi had persuaded his
sold the Marconi ancestral estates and bought the
directors that transatlantic service was of prime
Villa Grifone, a manor house with several hun-
financial importance. The company's first super
dred acres at Pontecchio near Bologna. This was
power station, with a transmitter designed by
Marconi's home until the age of 22, and here he
consultant John A. Fleming of the University of
performed his first crucial experiments in wireless
London, was ready at Poldhu in Cornwall a year
telegraphy using radio waves generated by elec-
later, followed shortly by a similar station at
tric sparks.
South Wellfleet on Cape Cod, Mass. When both
Frequent childhood visits with his mother to
flimsy antenna structures collapsed in autumn
relatives in Britain made Marconi fluently bi-
storms, Marconi had a simpler one built at
lingual at an early age. Formal schooling started
Poldhu and then hurried to Newfoundland with
with a tutor at home, and ended about 1894
receivers and kite antennas to establish the his-
after seven years at the Leghorn Lyceum, a sort
toric priority of transatlantic wireless by receiving
of technical institute. He failed entrance exami-
the famous letter S on Dec. 12, 1901.
There will always be those who doubt that
Marconi received the legendary S, given the dif-
fcult conditions and the claimed frequency of
bout 800 kilohertz. However, on his next east-
kest Atlantic crossing a few weeks later, Marconi
carried equipment that received confirmed
Horse-inker messages to 1,550 miles (2,500 km),
and the letter S in headphones to 2,100 miles
(1,380 km), from Poldhu. It was noted at the
time, but not fully appreciated, that this occurred
only at night, and that nothing was received be-
rund 700 miles (1,130 km) in the daytime.
While always pursuing other projects, Marco-
al focused his primary attention after 1902 on the
chievement of commercially reliable two-way
transatlantic wireless telegraph service. He was
Inally successful in 1908, with stations in Clif-
den, Ireland, and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia.
This attainment of his original dream marks
AP/WIDE WORLD
the summit of Marconi's role as innovator and
Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos as they were about to be-
driving force behind the company, now called
come president and first lady of the Philippines in 1965.
Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company, al-
though he remained a world-famous figure and
replaceable company representative. In 1910
MARCOS, märkõs, Ferdinand E(dralin) (1917-
the company acquired an aggressive general
), Philippine political leader. He was the
Minager, Godfrey Isaacs, who waged such re-
country's first president to succeed himself, its
tentless legal warfare against infringers of Mar-
first prime minister, and its first chief executive
coni's strong patents that by 1912 the biggest
to be exiled.
U.S. companies were forced out of business. In
Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte (Lu-
1915, when Italy entered World War II on the
zon), on Sept. 11, 1917. Throughout his political
side of the Allies, Marconi began a long period as
career he capitalized on his claim that he had led
distinguished international diplomatic repre-
a guerrilla unit against the Japanese during
sentative of his native land. His interest in tech-
World War II, an assertion that U.S. Army docu-
steal experimentation reappeared for a few
ments made public in 1986 denied. Marcos was
weeks in 1916 when he carried out pioneer com-
Liberal minority leader in the lower house of
Munication tests with "very short waves" at fre-
Congress from 1949 to 1959 and a senator from
vencies of 100 to 300 megahertz, using highly
1959 to 1965. After becoming Senate president
ellectional antennas. The work was far ahead of
in 1963 he switched to the Nationalist party, and
25 time. A decade later his assistant on this proj-
in the 1965 election for president of the Philip-
me, company engineer C.S. Franklin, along with
pines he defeated Diosdado Macapagal.
it. Round and others, built for the British Post
During his first term as president, Marcos
Office a worldwide system of high-power short-
built roads, bridges, airports, and schools, and
wave stations using vacuum tubes at about 10
oversaw a tenfold increase in rice productivity.
megahertz.
He was reelected in 1969, but campaign waste
By 1921, Marconi was wealthy enough to buy
and mounting inflation led to violent demonstra-
#: 220-foot (67-meter) oceangoing steam yacht,
tions. In 1971 grenades were exploded at a pub-
named by him the Elettra, which the British gov-
lic rally of the opposition senatorial candidates,
emment had seized in wartime from its Austrian
all of whom were wounded. Marcos took advan-
wher. Using it as both a globe-roaming labora-
tage of this incident to suspend habeas corpus
My and a home, Marconi spent much of the rest
and to intern thousands of dissidents. Mean-
4 his life aboard. In 1932 it was the base for his
while, in order to circumvent the constitutional
Ent important experimental discovery, that mi-
limit of eight consecutive years for a president's
trowaves at frequencies of 500 megahertz and
term of office, Marcos had called a constitutional
higher bent farther below the horizon than text-
convention to create a parliamentary form of gov-
books said they should. This work anticipated
ernment. As prime minister under this system,
Mic scatter propagation" communication tech-
he could rule indefinitely.
sique used 20 years later in polar regions.
By 1971, Muslim unrest was increasing in the
Living in the heyday of the giant ocean liners,
south, and open revolt had broken out in the
Marconi dite greatly enjoyed traveling with socially
north led by the New People's Army, a Maoist
group. Disorder spread to central Luzon in mid-
to have made more than 100 Atlantic crossings,
passengers in first-class luxury. He is said
1972 following disastrous floods. In September
expense. Several shipboard
1972, Marcos proclaimed martial law. As tempo-
were made and broken before his
rary president and (from 1973) concurrent prime
Lish girl, Beatrice 'Brien. Romances with in-
marriage in 1905 to a charming, aristocratic
minister under the new but suspended constitu-
tion, he ruled by decree. He muzzled the press,
emational socialites recurred at intervals. The
nationalized major industries, and seized proper-
arriage was terminated by Vatican annulment
ties of his opponents-whose leader, Sen. Benig-
1927, when he married Cristina Bezzi-Scali, a
no Aquino, was convicted of subversion by a
eautiful titled Italian less than half his age.
military tribunal and imprisoned until 1980.
For including company trans-
International groups protested Marcos' violation
problems, the center of
of human rights, charging his government with
Italy. life after 1927 gradually reverted to
torture and murder.
He died in Rome on July 20, 1937.
In 1978, his emergency rule endorsed by
ROBERT A. CHIPMAN, University of Toledo
questionable referenda, Marcos permitted the
305
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Copyright (c) 1981 U.S. News & World Report
August 24, 1981
SECTION: Pg. 60
LENGTH: 4190 words
HEADLINE: Hispanics Make Their Move
HIGHLIGHT:
Another fast-growing minority is ready to make its mark on America--in business,
politics and the arts. A special report profiles a diverse people eager to play
a wider role in U.S. society.
BODY:
Just as blacks thrust themselves onto center stage in the 1960s by flexing
their muscles and winning dramatic political, social and economic gains, another
minority group has put the nation on notice: The 1980s will be theirs-the
decade of the Hispanics.
Latin leaders paint a picture of a people on the move-young, aggressive and
hungry for their rightful share of the American dream. Pointing to a Hispanic
population that has grown by more than 60 percent in the last decade to nearly
15 million--a faster increase than that of any major ethnic group--these same
standard-bearers talk of a storehouse of 'brown power'' pent up for years and
ready to break loose.
''Hispanics spent the '70s deciding by what name we ought to be called,'
notes former New Mexico Governor Jerry Apodaca. ''Our call in the '80s is to
educate our children and recognize our power as a political force. Adds
Representative Edward Roybal (D-Calif.) ''The real political power comes in
being the balance of power, and Hispanics will be that in this decade.
Yet, beyond those bold claims are stark realities that could blunt the impact
of this emerging minority group: Poverty, educational deficiencies, the language
barrier, political apathy and, perhaps most of all, the tremendous diversity
within the Hispanic population. Moreover, they will have to compete with blacks,
urban interests, women's organizations and many other groups scrambling for a
share of government dollars made leaner by massive budget cuts.
What are the chances that Hispanic Americans can lick such problems and wield
the sort of influence their leaders say is possible? U.S. News & World Report
asked that question of dozens of experts, both within and outside the Hispanic
community. The following is their portrait of a people in search not only of a
wider role in U.S. society but of their own identity.
A Melting Pot of Their Own
Often lumped together in the public mind as a single group, Hispanics embrace
cultures almost as rich and varied as America itself. That's evident even in the
names used to describe them: Hispanic, ''Latino,' 'Chicano, Spanish
speaking.' The most commonly used umbrella term is ''Hispanic,' yet some
people of Spanish descent dislike the term, preferring to identify themselves by
their own particular group: Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican. Some Mexican
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Americans like the term Chicano. Others of Spanish origin prefer using Latino.
If the names are varied, 50, too, are the ways these groups have adjusted to
life in the United States. At one end of the economic scale are the Cubans.
Although attention in recent months has focused on the plight of the latest wave
of Cuban refugees, Cubans generally are faring very well. In Dade County, Fla.,
where thousands settled after Fidel Castro came to power in 1959, Cubans own
18, businesses and account for nearly 3,500 of the area's medical doctors and
14 bank presidents. Visitors from Latin America flock to the Miami area, where
they will spend an estimated 2.8 billion dollars this year, much of it going to
Cuban firms.
Typical of the rags-to-riches stories that abound is that of Carlos Arboleya.
Arriving in Miami in 1960 with $42, he worked in a shoe factory to support his
wife and small son. Now he is chief operating officer of Barnett Bank of South
Florida, with 27 branches under his command. The secret of success: ''The desire
and need to work.
With their economic power on the rise, the Cuban leaders want to build their
political influence. Angered by a 1980 referendum in which English was declared
the official language to be used by Dade County agencies, a step that ended
Spanish translations of many government forms, Cubans have vowed to win a
third--and majority--seat on the five-member Miami City Commission in the
November elections. Notes one Cuban leader, Eduardo J. Padron: 'With the
antibilingual vote, the Cuban community realized that their contributions to the
greater community were not appreciated. Cubans now say: 'Why should we be
concerned about other groups who have not supported us?'
At the other end of the success scale are Puerto Ricans. In New York City,
where more than half of the mainland Puerto Ricans live, this group has barely
begun to build the economic and political power base needed to shape their fate.
Studies show that Puerto Ricans:
* Earn less than any other ethnic group on the mainland. In 1979, more than a
third of Puerto Rican families had no workers in the household.
*
Hold a greater percentage of low-level jobs than other Hispanic workers.
*
Suffer acute education and health problems. In New York City, Puerto Ricans
have the highest school-dropout rate of all ethnic groups, as well as a higher
mortality rate than the population as a whole from cirrhosis of the liver, drug
addiction, accidents, homicides and diabetes.
Notes Manuel A. Bustelo, president of the National Puerto Rican Forum: ' ' The
story of Puerto Ricans on the mainland has been a history of regression over the
last 21 years. It's very difficult to point out their successes.'
Lying between these two extremes of the Cubans and the Puerto Ricans are a
raft of other Hispanic groups from Central and South America and the Caribbean.
Most notable are Mexican Americans, who make up about 60 percent of the Latin
population in the United States. Within their ranks, which grew by 75 percent in
the last decade, are people ranging from illegal aliens and impoverished barrio
dwellers to wealthy business owners.
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In Las Cruces, N.M., a city of 51,000, the population is split almost evenly
between Mexican Americans and Anglos. Three of the five members of the City
Council, including the mayor, are Hispanic, yet Latins sense that they have a
long way to go. Businessman Edward Perez, Sr., notes that Latin entrepreneurs no
longer are limited to the food business, as they were for years, but Anglos
still control the economy and the key fields of real estate and banking. His son
Eddie adds: 'Capital formation is our biggest problem. We need more bankers who
believe in us.
There are other differences, too. While city officials insist that 'there
are no barrios here,' Hispanics make up only 18 percent of the residents in the
exclusive Telshor neighborhood, where homes sell for $100,000 to $150,000. Nor
have social stigmas disappeared. There are still plenty of Anglo families here
who won't allow their daughters to date Hispanics,' notes attorney Rudy
Apodaca.
Hispanic progress is a mixed bag, too, in El Paso, where about 70 percent of
the population have Spanish surnames. There widespread poverty and political
apathy among thousands of Mexicans mean that Anglos still control the city.
'This is a city where the 'minority' is the majority,' notes Ray Salazar, a
Mexican American who failed in his bid for a second term as mayor in 1979.
Yet others in El Paso see big opportunities. Brothers Arnold, Robert, George
and Raul Peinado run a land-development-and-construction business and have a
half-dozen university degrees among them, including ones from Harvard and
California Institute of Technology. The family's economic power dates back only
to the 1930s, when the brothers' father and an uncle, both immigrants, opened a
gasoline station with money saved from jobs as bellhops and taxi drivers. ''All
that our family has asked is opportunity,' says Arnold, 49, who has degrees
from Johns Hopkins University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
'We don't think that confrontation is the answer to many problems.
Opportunities are basically made, not given.
No Groundswell of Activists
The traditionalist views of the Peinado family are perhaps more typical than
those of militant Hispanics, and that could dilute the political inroads Latins
hope to make.
Although 70 percent of Hispanic voters supported Jimmy Carter in the 1980
election, observers note that Hispanics tend to become more conservative as they
achieve more business and social success. Comments one Latin lobbyist:
'Mexicans in Texas and the Southwest don't just become American; they become
'Tex-Mex' more Texan and more conservative than the Texans. In Miami, the same
is true of Cubans, many of whom are conservative Republicans.
That tendency worries some Hispanic leaders because many of the political
issues important to them are geared toward lifting up the masses of
disadvantaged Latins. Says Henry Cisneros, mayor of San Antonio: ''We have
serious problems of poverty, underemployment and low wages. There is a high
tendency for our youth to drop out of school and to become involved with drugs
and gangs. There is a vicious cycle of poverty we are trying to change.
Other important issues cited by leaders include the impact of federal budget
cuts on social programs, immigration policy, bilingual education, Social
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Security, poverty programs and extension of the Voting Rights Act.
The Voting Rights Act is important because it places a ban on literacy tests
and other devices that have been used to discourage minority participation.
Another provision requires that certain state and local jurisdictions provide
assistance in other languages to voters who are not literate in English. The act
also protects against ''at large'' systems of representation, which make it
difficult for minorities to win elections because candidates do not represent
specific parts of a city or county.
Underrepresented. Electing more Hispanics is a key goal, as the group is vastly
underrepresented even in areas where their numbers are great. Only six Hispanics
serve in Congress--all in the House. Besides California's Roybal, they include:
Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico Baltasar Corrada (D-P.R.), Robert Garcia
(D-N.Y.), E ''Kika'' de la Garza (D-Tex.), Henry Gonzalez (D-Tex.) and Manuel
Lujan (R-N.M.). In California, where Hispanics make up almost 30 percent of the
population, there are only three state senators and four state assemblymen,
according to the Congressional Hispanic Caucus. In Los Angeles, where Hispanics
make up about 30 percent of the populace, there are no Latins on the City
Council, the School Board or the Board of Supervisors. In Texas, with a Mexican
American population of about 20 percent, Chicanos make up 12 percent of the
state legislators, 5.6 percent of all city-council members and 6.6 percent of
all school-board members.
There are no states with Hispanic governors and only one with a lieutenant
governor. Besides San Antonio, only one major city has a Latin mayor: Miami's
Maurice Ferre. By contrast, blacks are the mayors of Los Angeles, Washington,
Atlanta, Detroit, New Orleans, Newark, Birmingham and Gary. Still, Hispanic
leaders are confident that the 1980s will yield big political gains,
particularly in such sun-belt cities as Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix,
Albuquerque, Houston and New Orleans. ' 'We are seeing an industrial shift to the
sun belt where most Hispanics live and where we're in a better position to fill
a disproportionately higher number of jobs,'' says Ruben Bonilla, a Corpus
Christi lawyer and former president of the League of United Latin American
Citizens (LULAC), the largest Hispanic organization. So far, Hispanics have made
their greatest impact in San Antonio. Not only is the mayor a Latin but, when
Hispanics and black members are combined, they form a majority of the City
Council.
The big challenge, say Latin leaders, is to boost citizen participation
through rallies and voter-registration drives. The Census Bureau reports that of
the nearly 6.8 million Hispanics of voting age, only 1.6 million--less than 25
percent--voted in the November, 1978, congressional election. More voters turned
out in the 1980 presidential election because of local drives that resulted in a
30 percent increase in Hispanic registration between 1976 and 1980. In Texas,
the number of Hispanics registered jumped by 64 percent, from 488,000 to
798,000.
In Congress, Representative Garcia points out there are more than 50
districts where Hispanics now make up at least 15 percent of voters. ''We're on
the threshold of power,' he says. Richard Santillan, a professor of ethnic
studies at California State University, adds that 12 new congressional seats are
opening in the Southwest because of reapportionment. ' 'What this means, he
explains, ''is that presidential candidates will have to spend more time in the
Southwest addressing the needs of Hispanics.
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Journey Out of Poverty
In the drive for better living standards, progress continues slow for most
Hispanics, who tend to be poorer than most Americans and more dependent on food
stamps and other government benefits. The unemployment rate for Latins stands at
9.9 percent, compared with 7 percent for the total labor force, and many must
settle for low-skill jobs.
Even so, there are signs that more are moving into the middle class. More
Latin women, for example, now hold white-collar jobs--48.3 percent in 1979,
compared with 40.9 percent in 1969. A greater percentage of Hispanics also are
getting jobs in professional, technical and managerial fields. Yet only one
heads a Fortune 500 company: Robert Goizueta, chairman of Coca-Cola.
Labor has opened more doors. Among key labor leaders are Jack Otero, vice
president of the Brotherhood of Railway and Airline Clerks; Henry L. Lacayo,
political director of the United Auto Workers; Cesar Chavez, president of the
United Farm Workers, and Maria Porta Latin, vice president of the American
Federation of Teachers.
Sports and show business also continue to be paths to a better life for
Hispanics. Entertainment personalities in the public eye include Anthony Quinn,
Ricardo Montalban of television's popular ''Fantasy Island,' and Irene Cara,
the new singing star of the movie ''Fame.' Among the many sports figures are
golfer Nancy Lopez Melton and Fernando Valenzuela, ace rookie pitcher of the Los
Angeles Dodgers. In television news, ABC employs two Latins as national
correspondents, David Garcia and Geraldo Rivera.
In the business world, the challenge of Latins is to move out of the realm of
mom and pop establishments into the mainstream of sophisticated, fast-growing
companies. Partly as a result of government programs, which are designed to aid
minority entrepreneurs, the number of Hispanic-owned firms jumped by 53 percent
to 219,000 during the 1972-to-1977 period, according to the Census Bureau. In
contrast, black-owned firms increased by only 12 percent.
Although many of these firms are in traditional fields--food manufacturing,
supermarkets, construction, gasoline stations and personal services--Hispanics
are beginning to enter high-technology areas. One example is Petroleum Energy
Equipment Company of Dallas, an energy-products distributor established in 1972.
The firm got started with the help of a major oil company, Atlantic Richfield,
and last year had sales of 16.3 million dollars--more than double the volume in
1979. Notes President Samuel A. Moreno: ''If you get a large, respected company
to support you and to speak well of you, more than half the battle is won and
you are able to break through.
Another area being explored is international trade. Hispanic organizations
are meeting with government representatives in Spain, Mexico, Venezuela and
other nations, trying to persuade them to do business with or through Hispanics
and to convince businessmen in their countries to do likewise.
Jesus Chavarria, Publisher of Hispanic Business, adds that a new breed of
Hispanic companies is emerging that "goes beyond the local community and is
getting into Federal procurement and contracts" one of the largest of this breed
is AMEX, Inc., an electronics copany in Hawthorne, Calif. The firm's sales last
year were 15 million dollars but are expected to top 50 million this year,
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mostly because of big federal defense contracts.
Food dollars. Food companies alone accounted for 29 spots in a list of 100
largest Hispanic businesses published by nuestro magazine. Together, these
firms had 650 million dollars in sales in 1980, a 41 per cent increase during
the last two years. In that same period, the top 100 companies increased their
employment by 27 percent. Leading the way in the number of major Hispanic firms
are California, Florida, Texas and New York.
Efforts to tap Hispanic business have grown "incredibly in the past 18
months, says Lionel SOSA, president of a San Antonio Advertising-and-marketing
firm. Many of the larger advertising agencies now have special Hispanic
divisions. Says SUSA: "Some of the budgets are substantial-not the hundreds of
millions in some areas-but it is not unusual to see a half million to 2.5
million dollars put into Hispanic markets. For example, Budweiser, Miller and
Coors are fighting tooth and nail for the Hispanic trade. At stake for brewers
is a Latin market that buys, on a per capita basis, about 1.5 times more beer
than non-Hispanics, according to Strategy Research Corporation of Miami.
The same is true of many other products. In Los Angeles, Hispanic consumers
purchase 3.5 times as much baby food as non-Hispanics, nearly 5 times as much
juice, 3 times as much canned spaghetti, 1.8 times as many soft drinks and 1.5
times as much shampoo. Despite their lower incomes, Sosa says Hispanic families
spend more each year in supermarkets than most other groups because they tend to
be bigger and eat out less.
Education:
The Bilingual Battle
The strides being made in business are not as yet being duplicated in school
systems, where Hispanic children are often the victims of discrimination and
neglect. Troubles range from a dropout rate as high as 85 percent in some cities
to achievement scores that are two grade levels or more below national averages.
The sheer numbers of Latins flowing into the nation are overwhelming many
urban school districts. They make up 30 percent of the school population in New
York, Denver and Miami, 35 percent in Hartford, 45 percent in Los Angeles and 52
percent in San Antonio. School officials struggling to accommodate a flood of
Hispanic children admit they have been unable to provide a quality education to
the newcomers. 'Most Latinos, even after 12 years in public schools, still have
serious difficulties with language and other basic skills, says Lavona
Zuckerman, a member of the Miami, Fla., Citizens Education Advisory Committee.
Younger Hispanic adults, however, show significant improvement over their
elders. About 57 percent of Latin Americans 25 to 29 years old have completed
four or more years of high school, whereas only 34 percent of Latins ages 45 to
64 have done so. The percentage of Hispanics ages 25 and over with college
educations also has increased from 4.8 percent in 1973 to 9 percent in 1980.
Says Jose Longoria, an education official with LULAC: ''In the 1960s, college
was an end in itself for Hispanic college students. Today, they recognize the
relationship between education and quality of life.
In the past, schools often contributed to the obstacles facing Hispanic
students. A report issued last year by the Carnegie Corporation said schools
discriminate against Hispanics by shunting them into educational tracks
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designed for low achievers, by classifying them as mentally retarded, by
denigrating their heritage and by giving them the message that they are not
expected to succeed.
Most Hispanic leaders say the only way to reverse this poor academic showing
is through bilingual education, in which students are schooled in their native
tongues while their proficiency in English increases. Last year, in response to
a 1974 Supreme Court decision, the Department of Education issued regulations
requiring schools to provide instruction in such subjects as mathematics, social
studies and science in the native language of English-deficient students. The
regulations sparked immediate controversy, with local schools complaining that
the government was dictating the classroom curriculum. In February, Education
Secretary Terrel H. Bell withdrew the rules. Bell also removed bilingual
education from the administration's proposed block-grant scheme, which allows
the government to continue bilingual funds to those districts that need them.
Even so, bilingual education is flourishing. As recently as 1971, no state
required bilingual instruction. Now, 12 states mandate such a program and some
20 others permit it. The government provides 167 million dollars a year for
instruction; states chip in 75 million. Much of the money is spent to ease an
acute shortage of qualified bilingual teachers.
Yet bilingualism remains a sensitive issue, and many Americans--particularly
European immigrants--favor an English-only policy as the best way to assimilate
newcomers into the U.S. mainstream. This sentiment prompted signs that appeared
recently in school corridors in Texas reading ''Speak English--This Is America!
''Ethnic Power or Assimilation?
Inferior education, lagging incomes and political apathy aren't the only
roadblocks facing Hispanics. Leaders argue that they still battle traces of
racism and have suffered because they were late entries in the civil-rights
movement. Observes Antonia Hernandez of the Mexican American Legal Defense and
Education Fund: ''The Voting Rights Act passed in 1965, but it didn't become
applicable to language minorities until 1975. We're the fastest-growing
minority, and the public reacts to that in fear.
There are conflicts, too, within the Hispanic community. In Miami, tensions
have built up between the established, successful and better-educated Cubans and
their poorer brothers--many of them black--who came to the U.S. in 1979 and
1980. Some Mexican Americans also are resentful that Cubans have received
government aid for resettlement, while Chicanos in the Southwest have received
no such help.
One force for greater cooperation could be development of Spanish-language
communications media. A recent study by Yankelovich, Skelly & White showed that
7 out of 10 Hispanics use Spanish media every week. Spanish International
Network (SIN) includes 101 TV stations, with programing that is totally in
Spanish--news shows, soap operas, sports, comedy, variety and public affairs.
''SIN has managed to provide a communications outlet never available before,
says Bustelo of the National Puerto Rican Forum. 'Through the news programs,
Hispanic groups are learning about each other. This will have a great impact on
our political power formation
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Yet others point out that too much emphasis on ethnic pride could do more
harm than good. Says Harvard University historian Stephan Thernstrom: 'If the
masses of Hispanics agree that integration into this society is not possible or
desirable, they will only hurt themselves.' Thernstrom notes that Hispanic
ethnicity is already being diluted by successful Latins who marry outside their
communities and move to other areas. ''The average Hispanic American is less
racially visible than the average black, Japanese or Chinese American, he
explains. ''Assimilation is an inevitable part of the process of living in
America.'
' ' A long way to go.'' Ties with blacks and other minorities also may be tough to
build, although Hispanic groups are seeking more cooperation. Predicts
civil-rights leader Bonilla: ''A formidable force in the '80s will be the
coalition of Hispanics with the 26 million blacks. Other Hispanic leaders
aren't 50 sure. Notes Felix Arambula, Jr., a city official in Marion, Tex.:
' 'We've got a long way to go until we're able to form coalitions with blacks. In
small towns today, blacks and Hispanics who unite strike fear in the Anglo
community. Instead of fighting for equality, you're left fighting to prove
you're not a wild radical.
What many observers seem to be saying is that chances for a well-organized,
monolithic movement of Hispanics are slim in the 1980s. The great diversity
within the Hispanic community hampers such a drive, and more successful Latins
tend to blend in with society at large rather than lead the fight for those less
fortunate. That can be seen in the bitter opposition of many Latins toward the
Reagan administration's recent proposal to set up a ''guest worker'' program to
bring in 50,000 Mexicans in the next two years. The fear is that such a program
would only take jobs away from Hispanics already in the U.S. and doom any hope
of organizing farm workers. Others label as too harsh a proposed amnesty plan,
requiring illegal aliens to meet proficiency standards in English and to be in
the U.S. 10 years before qualifying for permanent residence.
Still, in pockets of sun-belt America, the 1980s could indeed be a time when
like-minded Cubans or Chicanos parlay their growing numbers and economic
strength into major political and economic victories. Says Mayor Cisneros of San
Antonio: 'The Southwest is a region that is going to grow economically,
socially, culturally and politically, and Hispanics will grow and prosper with
that.'
GRAPHIC: Picture 1, An outdoor mural in Los Angeles signals an awakening of
ethnic pride. STEPHANIE MAZE-WOODFIN CAMP; Picture 2, The great diversity
among Latins shows in a Hispanic festival in Washington, D.C., STEVE
LARSON--USN≀ Pictures 3 and 4, Cubans enjoy an opulent debutante party in
Miami, while in New York Puerto Ricans take their fun in the streets. JOSE AZEL,
ARLENE GOTTFRIED; Picture 5, Latins still shoulder the burden on countless
farms., J.P. LAFFONT--SYGMA
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PAGE
10
108TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1980 The New York Times Company;
The New York Times
June 1, 1980, Sunday, Late City Final Edition
SECTION: Section 1; Part 1; Page 19, Column 6; National Desk
LENGTH: 1001 words
HEADLINE: FOUNDATIONS ASSAIL SOCIAL SERVICE CUTS
BYLINE: By KATHLEEN TELTSCH, Special to the New York Times
DATELINE: DALLAS, May 30
BODY:
The nation's philanthropic foundations, already hard-hit by inflation, have
expressed increasing concern about the shrinking public funds available for
community services.
Their preoccupation with impending cutbacks in Government spending was
evident this week at the 31st annual conference of the Council on Foundations,
with many of the 950 participants acknowledging that dwindling resources would
curtail or even end a range of social, health and welfare services.
The threatened programs, they said, could affect child care and health
services, as well as projects assisting the elderly, the mentally disturbed and
the disadvantaged in poorer neighborhoods. Reduced Federal, state and city
support, they objected, will put increased pressure on foundations to provide
alternative funds. But there are no prospects seen for any significant increase.
''There will be loud voices saying we ought to pick up the slack, said
Richard Bennett, president of the William Penn Foundation of Philadelphia, ''but
there is no way that foundations for a single day can replace Government funding
and the idea is ridiculous. Governments, he said, provide many billions of
dollars for programs; by contrast, foundations last year contributed $2.24
billion in grants for education, health, the arts and all other philanthropic
activities.
'Taxpayer Revolt' Is Disturbing
Foundation representatives see disturbing implications for philanthropy in
the approval in California two years ago of Proposition 13, which severely cut
property taxes, and in the spread to other states of the so-called taxpayer
revolt against public spending.
While the dimensions and nature of Federal budget reductions for the 1981
fiscal year are not yet known, the prospect of declining public support for a
number of social programs will inevitably present private foundations with
difficult choices, said Russell Phillips, vice president and secretary of the
Rockfeller Brothers Fund. His concern, echoed by other participants in the
conference, was that financial pressure could lead foundations to sacrifice
their distinctive role as backers of risky, innovative projects.
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(c) 1980 The New York Times, June 1, 1980
A more optimistic, but less widely shared, outlook was expressed by William
Lace, an associate director of both the Pittsburgh Foundation and the Heinz
Endowment, which is supported by the multimillion dollar food processioning
concern.
'The tide will be gradual, not a tidal wave; it will be painful, but it will
not be fatal,' he declared, expressing doubt that there would be any mass
liquidation of social service programs.
'Some Kind of Answer'
Speaking of community operated programs, he said: ''The agencies will find
some kind of answer and maybe foundations ought to help them find it. The social
services which they will offer in future may not be up to the caliber of those
provided in the 60's when the Federal Government poured massive funds into
health, welfare and other services, but three years from now we'll probably sit
and say they've made a remarkable adjustment.'
In California, the shock of drastic cutbacks in government funds was
initially cushioned by distribution of state surplus funds, but park, summer
school, recreation and arts programs were drastically cut. In some counties
services for senior citizens, crime prevention and minorities were wiped out,
according to Leslie L. Luttgens, president of the Rosenberg Foundatoin. The
predicament was partly alleviated by the expansion of the
Foundations-Corporations Emergency Fund in the San Francisco Bay area, providing
loans and grants to human services agencies.
The Fund for the City of New York, an independent group created by the Ford
Foundation, has also adopted an emergency aid program to help nonprofit groups
suffering a cash flow shortage because of delay in receiving grants.
The impact of declining financial resources was raised recurrently at the
three-day conference. Carmen Estrada, a member of the Mexican-American Legal
Defense Fund of San Francisco, told foundation leaders that advocacy groups
representing minorities were hard-put to muster the support they hoped would
make the 80's the decade of the Hispanics. She added, ''We have had to
lower our expectations across the United States because the needed money is
drying up.
Ideas and Experiences Shared
In informal workshops and more often in conversation, foundation leaders used
the opportunity of the council conference to exchange ideas and share
experiences.
Standing in the lobby of the Hotel Loews Anatole, John G. Simon, president of
the Taconic Foundation of New York, mentioned a summer program to help a group
of teen-agers earn money and learn construction skills; they will be
weatherizing decaying New York dwellings, making them more energy-efficient. The
undertaking, modest in size, is being promoted with the help of community groups
and is tentatively called the Youth Energy Corps.
Meanwhile, officers of the New World Foundation, Carl Reitz and Fred Johnson
of Alpena, Mich., were telling other foundation representatives that they had
discovered a particularly worthwhile project, albeit somewhat remote, in a
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12
(c) 1980 The New York Times, June 1, 1980
tiny village not far from Timbuktu in Mali.
An encounter at a council conference with a Peace Corps official two years
ago had led the officials of the Besser Foundation to give a $15,000 grant to a
rural dispensary in the African nation. When they made a visit last fall to see
the results of their grant, they discovered that two rural clinics were sharing
the funds. They promptly held a board meeting and voted another $15,000 for the
villages, this time for diesel pumps.
LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® NEXIS® ®
CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS
Population Characteristics
Series P-20, No. 438
The Hispanic Population
in the United States:
March 1988
Issued July 1989
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
U.S. Department of Commerce
Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary
Michael R. Darby, Under Secretary
for Economic Affairs
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
1
The Hispanic Population in the United States: March 1988
INTRODUCTION
The reported voter turnout rate of eligible Hispanics,
citizens 18 years old and over, (46 percent, ± 2.1) in
This report presents data on the demographic, social,
November 1988 was lower than of non-Hispanics (61
and economic characteristics of the Hispanic population
percent ± 0.4). Although an increase was noted in
of the United States. The Bureau of the Census col-
the voter turnout rate of Hispanics between the 1976
lected this information in the March 1988 supplement to
and 1984 Presidential elections, 43 percent (± 3.1)
the Current Population Survey (CPS).1
and 48 percent (± 3.1), respectively, the change
The report contains information about the total His-
between the 1984 and 1988 elections was not statis-
panic population, as well as its subgroups-Mexican,
tically significant.
Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and
other Spanish origin.² Comparable data for the total
Data on births to Hispanic women portend a larger
United States and for persons not of Hispanic origin
proportion of Hispanics in the future United States
also are included. The social and economic character-
population. The June 1988 CPS shows that Hispanic
istics presented include age, sex, marital status, educa-
women had 11 percent (± 1.2) of all births in the
tional attainment, school enrollment, fertility, voting and
United States but represented only 8 percent (± 0.3)
of all women 18 to 44 years old.
registration, employment status, family composition and
size, income, and poverty status.
The proportion of Hispanic families maintained by
married couples decreased between 1982 and 1988,
HIGHLIGHTS
from 74 percent (± 1.5) to 70 percent (± 1.4). At the
same time, the proportion of families maintained by
From 1980 to 1988, the Hispanic civilian noninstitu-
women and men with no spouse present increased
tional population increased by 34 percent, or about 5
from 26 percent (± 1.5) to 30 percent (± 1.4).
million persons.
The unemployment rate in March 1988 among His-
Fifty-five percent (± 1.7 percentage-points)³ of all
panics 16 years old and over was 8.5 percent (± 0.5),
Hispanics in the Nation resided in two states-Cali-
the lowest it had been since the relatively high
fornia and Texas-in 1988.
unemployment rates observed in March 1983, shortly
after the end of the last economic recession.⁴ The
In 1988, 10 percent (± 0.8) of Hispanics, 25 years old
and over had completed 4 or more years of college,
same situation was true for non-Hispanics, who had
compared with 5 percent (± 0.3) reported in the 1970
an unemployment rate of 5.8 percent (± 0.2) in
March 1988.
census (the first census to use a self-identification
Spanish-origin question).
The poverty rate of Hispanic families in 1987 was 25.8
The proportion of high school dropouts among His-
percent (± 1.5) and has not changed significantly
since 1982, the bottom of the last economic reces-
panics 18 to 21 years old (31 percent ± 3.2) was
sion.
more than twice that of persons who were not His-
panic (12 percent ± 0.7) in October 1986.
POPULATION CHANGE AND COMPOSITION
In March 1988, the Hispanic civilian noninstitutional
¹The population universe in the March 1988 CPS is the civilian
noninstitutional population of the United States and members of the
population numbered 19.4 million and represented 8.1
Armed Forces in the United States living off post or with their families
percent of the total United States civilian noninstitu-
on post, but excludes all other members of the Armed Forces.
tional population. In 1980, the Hispanic population rep-
²Unless otherwise noted, persons reporting "Other Spanish"
resented 6.5 percent of the total population. Since the
origin are those whose origins are from Spain, or those identifying
themselves generally as Spanish, Spanish-American, Hispano, Latino,
1980 census, the Hispanic population has increased by
etc.
The number in parenthesis is equal to 1.6 times the standard error
of the estimate. This gives the 90-percent confidence interval when
⁴Comparisons and trends in unemployment rates shown in this
added to and subtracted from the estimate. A complete discussion of
report are restricted to data obtained from the March supplement of
confidence intervals and standard errors is given in Appendix B,
the CPS and may not necessarily reflect trends observed when
"Source and Accuracy of the Estimates."
comparing other survey months or annual average rates.
August 31, 1989
MEMORANDUM TO CURT SMITH
FROM:
STEPHANIE BLESSEY
SUBJECT:
Drug problem initiatives for Hispanics
The following points are taken from the Drug Strategy
Blueprint.
"Across the country we are seeing grass roots
examples of communities that are fed up with drugs
and are beginning to fight back. In Miami, The
Miami Coalition is bringing together leaders from
business, higher education, government, and law
enforcement to develop a comprehensive drug
prevention strategy." (p.82)
"
Because drug use is, at its heart, a moral
problem, we must hear much more form the churches.
In some cities the churches are beginning to get
involved. One minister of an inner city church in
Washington, D.C., for example, recently led 100
members of his congregation on a march to a drug-
infested public housing project. There are other
ways the churches can contribute, such as by
offering the use of their facilities to Narcotics
Anonymous and other self-help groups.' (p.83)
"Many communities want to fight back against drugs
but don't know how or where to begin. To assist
such communities, the Federal government will
provide information, technical assistance, and
referrals to appropriate Federal resources through
a drug clearinghouse." (p.84)
"And we need to get the anti-drug parents' groups
more involved in our inner cities and with
preventing young people from using the more
dangerous drugs, like cocaine and crack, as well
as gateway drugs such as marijuana." " (p.87)
"The majority of illegal drug users in the United
States are 18 to 40 years old, and employed. Some
experts believe that as many as twenty percent of
all American workers use illegal drugs on the
job." (p.87)
"The Federal government has a responsibility to do
all that is can to promote comprehensive drug-free
workplace policies in the private sector.
Employers will be encouraged to: 1) develop and
communicate to all employees a clear drug policy
setting out expectations of behavior, employee
rights and responsibilities, and the actions to be
taken in response to an employee found to use
illegal drugs; 4) educate employees about the
plan; and 5) provide for identifying employees who
use drugs, including drug testing where
appropriate. The Federal government will also
move quickly to implement and strengthen the
regulations for the Drug-Free Workplace Act of
1988, which requires Federal contractors and
grantees to have drug-free workplace plans in
effect.' " (p.91)
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ADDRESS TO THE AMERICAN G.I. FORUM
BY SUSAN S. ENGELEITER
ADMINISTRATOR, U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Omaha, Nebraska
August 10, 1989
THANK YOU, CHAIRMAN DIAZ. I AM VERY PLEASED TO BE INVITED TO JOIN
YOU TODAY. I APPRECIATE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME BETTER
ACQUAINTED WITH THE AMERICAN G.I. FORUM.
YOU REPRESENT THE BEST QUALITIES OF OUR NATION -- PATRIOTISM AND
SERVICE, HOPE FOR THE FUTURE, AND THE FIRM KNOWLEDGE THAT
OPPORTUNITY IS A RESULT OF HARD WORK AND DEDICATION.
THE U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND THE AMERICAN G.I. FORUM
SHARE TWO IMPORTANT GOALS. FIRST, IT IS A CRITICAL PART OF BOTH
OUR MISSIONS TO REACH OUT TO VETERANS. WE RECOGNIZE THAT AMERICA'S
VETERANS ARE A UNIQUE RESOURCE. THEIR DEDICATION TO OUR COUNTRY
IS INDISPUTABLE. so IS THEIR COURAGE AND CAPACITY FOR HARD WORK.
AND, JUST AS VETERANS HAVE LED OUR NATION OUT OF TIMES OF CRISIS
IN THE PAST, THEY HAVE A SPECIAL CAPACITY TO LEAD OUR NATION IN
TIMES OF PEACE.
THERE IS NO BETTER EXAMPLE OF THIS LEADERSHIP THAN YOUR FOUNDER,
DR. HECTOR GARCIA. HE IS AN EXTRAORDINARY PATRIOT DECORATED
REPEATEDLY AS A HERO IN WORLD WAR II, AND HONORED MANY TIMES SINCE
AS A LEADER IN CIVILIAN LIFE. DOCTOR GARCIA IS PROOF THAT THE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF OUR NATION'S VETERANS CONTINUE LONG AFTER THEY PUT
AWAY THEIR UNIFORMS.
THE SECOND GOAL S.B.A. SHARES WITH THE AMERICAN G.I. FORUM IS THAT
OF EQUIPPING OUR PEOPLE WITH THE TOOLS THEY NEED TO PROSPER, AND
TO HELP OUR NATION PROSPER.
I'D LIKE TO SPEND A FEW MOMENTS SHARING SOME THOUGHTS WITH YOU AS
TO HOW WE AT THE S.B.A. AND YOU CAN BUILD A PARTNERSHIP OF HOPE AND
OPPORTUNITY FOR HISPANIC VETERANS, AND FOR ALL HISPANIC-AMERICANS.
AS YOU KNOW, THERE ARE 848,000 HISPANIC VETERANS IN THE UNITED
STATES TODAY. THEY REPRESENT THE VERY BEST OF AMERICAN MILITARY
SERVICE. HISPANIC AMERICANS HAVE WON MORE MEDALS OF HONOR THAN ANY
OTHER ETHNIC GROUP IN THE UNITED STATES.
APPROXIMATELY 302,000 OF YOU SERVED IN THE VIETNAM ERA, AND 183,000
SERVED IN THE VIETNAM THEATER. THE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT HISPANIC
1
AMERICANS BORE THE BRUNT OF THAT WAR. YOU HAD THE HIGHEST CASUALTY
GENERAL U.S. POPULATION.
RATE OF ANY GROUP, IN PROPORTION TO YOUR REPRESENTATION IN THE
HISPANIC VETERANS OF VIETNAM -- AND THERE ARE MANY OF YOU IN THE
AUDIENCE TODAY -- ARE IN THEIR PRIME WORKING YEARS.
TODAY, APPROXIMATELY 62,000 HISPANIC VETERANS ARE SELF-EMPLOYED.
TENS OF THOUSANDS MORE UNDOUBTEDLY WOULD LIKE THE OPPORTUNITY TO
CREATE AND OPERATE THEIR OWN BUSINESSES.
HISPANIC VETERANS WHO OWN SMALL BUSINESSES ARE PART OF A MUCH
LARGER GROUP OF HISPANIC BUSINESS OWNERS. THERE ARE MORE THAN
248,000 HISPANIC-OWNED BUSINESSES IN THE UNITED STATES. THOSE
BUSINESSES EARN $15 BILLION IN RECEIPTS EVERY YEAR. THEY ARE
CLEARLY A VERY IMPORTANT FORCE IN OUR NATIONAL ECONOMY.
SINCE 1980, THE NUMBER OF HISPANIC-OWNED BUSINESSES IN OUR COUNTRY
HAS DOUBLED. AND THE FUTURE LOOKS EVEN BRIGHTER.
PART OF OUR MISSION AT S.B.A. IS TO HELP MORE HISPANIC AMERICANS
CREATE NEW BUSINESSES, NEW JOBS AND NEW ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR
THEMSELVES AND THEIR COMMUNITIES.
THERE IS NO MYSTERY AS TO WHY I CONSIDER THIS AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR
THE S.B.A. AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AS A WHOLE. SMALL BUSINESSES
IN GENERAL HAVE CREATED TWO OF EVERY THREE NEW JOBS IN THIS COUNTRY
DURING THE LAST DECADE. SMALL BUSINESSES TRAIN TWO OF EVERY THREE
NEW WORKERS IN OUR COUNTRY. AND SMALL BUSINESSES ARE RESPONSIBLE
FOR MANY OF THE INVENTIONS, THE INNOVATIONS AND THE FRESH IDEAS
THAT CAN KEEP THIS NATION A LEADER IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.
HISPANIC-OWNED BUSINESSES HAVE BEEN PART OF THAT IMPRESSIVE RECORD,
AND THEY WILL BE VITAL TO THE CONTINUING CONTRIBUTIONS OF SMALL
BUSINESSES IN THE YEARS AHEAD.
AMERICA'S LEADERSHIP IN THE WORLD COMMUNITY, OUR ABILITY TO PROVIDE
HOPE FOR OUR CHILDREN AND THEIR CHILDREN, AND OUR ABILITY TO CURE
THE MANY SOCIAL DISEASES THAT STEM FROM JOBLESSNESS -- DISEASES
LIKE DRUG ABUSE, SCHOOL TRUANCY, POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS -- OUR
ABILITY TO DEAL WITH ALL THESE ISSUES DEPENDS ON ECONOMIC HOPE.
QUALITY JOBS CREATED BY SMALL BUSINESSES CAN HELP PROVIDE THAT
ECONOMIC HOPE.
WHAT CAN WE AT THE S.B.A. DO TO HELP YOU AND YOUR FAMILIES PROSPER
IF YOU CHOOSE TO BE ENTREPRENEURS?
-- WE OPERATE A MINORITY SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM, COMMONLY
CALLED THE "8-A" PROGRAM, TO HELP HISPANIC AND OTHER MINORITY-OWNED
COMPANIES OBTAIN FEDERAL CONTRACTS. THIS PROGRAM HELPED HISPANIC
BUSINESSES OBTAIN MORE THAN $844 MILLION IN FEDERAL CONTRACTS
DURING FISCAL YEAR 1988. NEXT WEEK, WE WILL ANNOUNCE A SET OF NEW
REGULATIONS FOR THIS PROGRAM, WHICH WE BELIEVE WILL MAKE IT BETTER
being sent
2
ABLE TO SERVE MINORITY SMALL BUSINESSES.
-- OUR OFFICE OF VETERANS AFFAIRS AT S.B.A. PROVIDES LONG-TERM
BUSINESS TRAINING AND A HOST OF OTHER SPECIFIC SERVICES TO
VETERANS. THE S.B.A. HAS VETERAN SERVICE REPRESENTATIVES IN OUR
10 REGIONAL AND 68 DISTRICT OFFICES.
-- OUR SURETY BOND GUARANTY PROGRAM HELPED MORE THAN 3,600
VETERAN-OWNED COMPANIES OBTAIN THE NECESSARY BONDING TO CONTRACT
WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT LAST YEAR.
-- WE OFFER NATIONWIDE EDUCATION AND COUNSELING SERVICES FOR
SMALL BUSINESSES THROUGH MORE THAN 500 SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
CENTERS, MORE THAN 500 SMALL BUSINESS INSTITUTES AND THROUGH OUR
SCORE NETWORK, WHICH INCLUDES 13,000 RETIRED EXECUTIVES WHO
VOLUNTARILY ASSIST BUSINESS OWNERS. THIS NETWORK DELIVERED
BUSINESS ASSISTANCE TO MORE THAN 260,000 VETERANS IN 1988.
WE OFFER GUARANTEES FOR GENERAL BUSINESS LOANS UNDER OUR 7-A LOAN
PROGRAM -- APPROXIMATELY $2.6 BILLION THIS YEAR. THESE LOAN
GUARANTEES HELP SMALL BUSINESSES START AND EXPAND, INCLUDING NIKE
SHOES, APPLE COMPUTER, CRAY COMPUTERS, FEDERAL EXPRESS AND 265,000
OTHER FIRMS LAST YEAR. WE HOPE TO SEE MORE HISPANIC-OWNED SMALL
BUSINESSES TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS FINE PROGRAM.
I URGE YOU TO CALL YOUR NEAREST S.B.A. OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION
ABOUT THESE PROGRAMS AND MANY OTHERS. YOUR LOCAL OFFICE IS LISTED
IN THE PHONE BOOK UNDER "U.S. GOVERNMENT -- SMALL BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION." OR, CALL US IN WASHINGTON AT 1-800-368-5855.
THESE PROGRAMS ALL HOLD POTENTIAL FOR HISPANIC VETERANS, AND
HISPANIC SMALL BUSINESSES. BUT WE CAN DO MUCH MORE TO MAKE SURE
S.B.A. SERVICES REACH HISPANIC AMERICANS.
LET ME GIVE YOU ONE EXAMPLE OF THE KIND OF ASSISTANCE THE SBA CAN
GIVE IF WE WORK TOGETHER TO GET THE WORD OUT.
PEDRO GARZA JR. IS A 53-YEAR-OLD MEXICAN-AMERICAN BORN IN TEXAS.
HE SPENT HIS CHILDHOOD AS A MIGRANT WORKER HARVESTING CROPS IN
TEXAS, WASHINGTON, OREGON AND FLORIDA. HIS FORMAL EDUCATION
STOPPED IN THE 10TH GRADE. HE SERVED WITH THE U.S. ARMY.
IN 1972, AT THE AGE OF 36, HE LOST BOTH OF HIS KNEECAPS IN A CAR
ACCIDENT. BUT PEDRO GARZA WOULD NOT LET THAT HANDICAP STOP HIM.
MR. GARZA TOOK THE ADVICE OF A FRIEND AND LEFT MIGRANT WORK TO
BECOME A CEMENT MASON. HE WORKED IN THAT TRADE FOR 27 YEARS.
AFTER HIS CAR ACCIDENT LEFT HIM UNABLE TO DO HEAVY MANUAL LABOR,
HE STARTED A SMALL TREE THINNING AND PLANTING COMPANY.
HE EVENTUALLY MADE CONTACT WITH THE S.B.A. HE BEGAN TAKING OUR
AGENCY'S CLASSES IN HOW TO CONTRACT WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
3
AND SOON, HE WON CERTIFICATION AS A CONTRACTOR UNDER THE 8-A
PROGRAM I MENTIONED A FEW MOMENTS AGO. WITH S.B.A.'S HELP, MR.
GARZA MOVED INTO GENERAL CONTRACTING.
TODAY, MR. GARZA IS OWNER OF THE GARZA CONSTRUCTION COMPANY IN THE
STATE OF WASHINGTON. HIS ANNUAL SALES HAVE GROWN FROM $109,000 IN
1975 TO NEARLY $4 MILLION TODAY. HE EMPLOYED 5 PEOPLE IN 1975.
TODAY, HE EMPLOYS ABOUT 30.
IN 1983, MR. GARZA WAS NAMED ONE OF THE TEN S.B.A. "8-A CONTRACTOR
OF THE YEAR." THERE ARE MANY MORE SUCH SUCCESS STORIES.
IN CLOSING, LET ME SHARE WITH YOU THAT WHEN PRESIDENT BUSH ASKED
ME TO BECOME ADMINISTRATOR OF THE SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,
HE LISTED SEVERAL OF HIS PERSONAL PRIORITIES FOR THE S.B.A.
FOR EXAMPLE, HE SAID HE WANTED ME TO STRENGTHEN THE AGENCY'S
HISPANICS. ASSISTANCE TO MINORITY-OWNED BUSINESSES, INCLUDING THOSE OWNED BY
AND HE TOLD ME THAT HE WANTED ME TO MAKE SURE THAT WE HAVE A
DIVERSIFIED WORK FORCE AT S.B.A., AND THAT HISPANICS AND OTHER
MINORITY GROUPS ARE WELL REPRESENTED.
I AM WORKING TO ACCOMPLISH BOTH OF THOSE GOALS. WHEN I WAS SWORN
IN AS ADMINISTRATOR LAST MAY, WE ALREADY HAD SEVERAL EXCELLENT
OFFICERS FROM THE HISPANIC COMMUNITY.
FOR EXAMPLE, OUR OFFICER IN CHARGE OF VETERANS AFFAIRS IN
CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA, NEVADA, HAWAII AND GUAM IS VINCE RIOS, A
DECORATED VETERAN WHO SERVED TWO TOURS AS A MARINE INFANTRYMAN IN
VIETNAM. VINCE LOST BOTH LEGS AND HIS RIGHT ARM IN THAT WAR.
TODAY, HE IS WIDELY ACKNOWLEDGED AS ONE OF THE FINEST VETERANS
AFFAIRS OFFICERS IN FEDERAL SERVICE.
TWO WEEKS AGO, I ANNOUNCED THE REAPPOINTMENT OF GIL CISNEROS AS
SBA'S REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR IN DENVER, COLORADO.
I AM ACTIVELY RECRUITING MEMBERS OF THE HISPANIC COMMUNITY FOR
OTHER LEADERSHIP POSTS IN S.B.A.
IN RECENT YEARS, THERE HAVE BEEN ENCOURAGING SIGNS OF PROGRESS FOR
DONE. HISPANIC-OWNED BUSINESSES. BUT THERE IS ENORMOUS WORK YET TO BE
I INVITE YOU, AS VETERANS AND AS HISPANIC-AMERICANS, TO MAKE FULL
USE OF THE SERVICES WE PROVIDE AS S.B.A.
AND UNDER THE CAPABLE LEADERSHIP OF PEOPLE LIKE MARIO DIAZ AND
ALEJANDRA ZUNIGA, AND WITH OUR COMMON GOALS, I GREATLY LOOK FORWARD
TO OUR WORKING TOGETHER IN THE YEARS AHEAD. THANK YOU.
###
4
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Sood
SMALL
U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
>troy
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20416
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
TO:
Shiree Sanchez
Associate Director for Public Liaison
FROM:
Susan Engeleiter
Administrator
DATE:
August 31, 1989
RE:
Talking Points for President Bush's Speech
I believe the President will find the following talking points
especially useful for his speech to the Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce. Às you know, I recently spoke before the American
G.I. Forum in Omaha and discussed the important role that
Hispanic-owned small businesses play in the American economy and
what the Small Business Administration does to help increase
minority business ownership.
NUMBER OF HISPANIC-OWNED BUSINESSES
There are more than 248,000 Hispanic-owned businesses in the
United States.
These businesses generate annual sales of nearly $15
billion in receipts.
Since 1980, the number of Hispanic-owned businesses has
doubled.
Hispanic-owned businesses are concentrated in the services,
retail trade, and construction industries with recent,
dramatic increases in the manufacturing and high technology
areas.
BUT MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE
Hispanic-owned businesses are underrepresented in the
American business population. Hispanics have a business
participation rate of 19.5 per 1000 Hispanic persons while
the non-minority rate is 62.9 firms per 1000 non-minority
persons.
While Hispanics account for eight percent of the entire
U.S. population, Hispanic-owned businesses represent just 2
percent of all businesses.
THE NEED FOR MORE CAPITAL
As with other minorities, potential Hispanic business
owners often have difficulty attracting the necessary
start-up capital for their business.
Between 40 and 50 percent of minority businesses utilize
equity (or nonborrowed) capital to initiate their
enterprises.
A lower capital gains tax rate would reward, rather than
discourage, investment by the thousands of ordinary
Americans who supply equity capital to small business.
WHAT THE SBA IS DOING TO HELP HISPANIC-OWNED BUSINESSES
The SBA's minority small business program (or "8-A" program)
helped Hispanic businesses obtain more than $844 million in
federal contracts during FY 88.
The SBA operates the Minority Enterprise Small Business
Investment Company (MESBIC) program which provides
incentives to venture capitalists to provide start-up and
growth capital for minority entrepreneurs. In FY 88, the
annual financing to minority small business as a result of
the MESBIC program was $139.8 million -- over three times
the size of the government's outlays.
o
In just the past year, the SBA has provided business advice
and counsel to over 10,000 Hispanic individuals.
o
The SBA's Office of The SBA Administrator has asked members
of the President's cabinet to help small businesses compete
for federal contracts in the coming fiscal year.
SBA SUCCESS STORIES
o
Digitron, Inc: Digitron is a Dayton, Ohio firm founded by
Nestor and Nancy Fernandez, who fled Castro's Cuba in 1961.
They arrived in the United States with no money and spoke no
English. Nestor worked as a dishwasher in Miami for two
years while attending a trade school to learn toolmaking.
They moved to Dayton to be near relatives and founded
Digitron in 1976 with an initial investment of $4000. A
Detroit-based MESBIC, Motor Enterprises Inc., a subsidiary
of General Motors, worked closely with Digitron, providing
management and technical assistance. At last count, the
company had grown from six employees and sales of $200,000
in 1977 to 200 workers and sales of $14 million.
o
Garza Construction Co.: Pedro Garza Jr. is a 53-year- old
Mexican-American born in Texas who spent his childhood as a
migrant worker. His formal education stopped in the 10th
grade and in 1972, at the age of 36, he lost both of his
kneecaps in a car accident. Mr. Garza started a small tree
thinning and planting company and began taking SBA
sponsored classes in how to contract with the federal
government. Within a year, Garza won certification as a
contractor under the 8-A program and today, with barely
$109,000 in sales upon entering the SBA program, Garza
Construction Company now grosses $4.5 million annually.
Employees have jumped from 5 to 30. Garza's firm will
"graduate" from the 8-A program next year.
o
Ruiz Food Products: The father and son team of Louis and
Fred Ruiz started their food business in 1964 in an old
warehouse with a battered stove, small freezer, single
mixer, and a tasty idea for better Mexican food. With the
help of SBA counseling and a SBA loan, their company has
expanded to a total sales volume of $42 million and 534
employees -- up from $300,000 and 16 employees a decade
earlier. In 1983, this father-son duo combined to be named
SBA's National Small Business Person of the Year.
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HISPANIC CHAMBER AWARD
The Kern County Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (KCHCC was
founded in October of 1985 with a small group of business
individuals. Among this dynamic group were three
individuals that had participated in Hispanic Chambers in
both the California Hispanic Chambers of Commerce and the
U.S. Hispanic Chambers of Commerce. Esther Manzano,
Publisher of El Mexicalo Bilingual Newspaper has been
involved for many years and knew the benefits of
establishing a local Hispanic Chamber here in Kern County.
Mr. John Enriquez, President of Enriquez Construction
Company for over twenty years, has also been a member of the
national organization and can fully appreciate the types of
services, advocacy and networking that such a local chamber
could provide. The first president was a life long advocate
of minority and business issues, Mr. Tony Alvarado, himself
a business man with several businesses both here and in the
Los Angeles area. The problems confronting Hispanic
businesses were nothing new to this small group of action
oriented individuals. Along with these individuals, Mr.
Frank Beadle, Felix Ramirez and the NEDA Director Manuel
Lerma joined one evening and paid the initial dues that
would allow our local chamber to participate in the upcoming
state convention in two weeks. This innovative and
persistant group has seen KCHCC grow, prosper and most
important, serve as a voice for our community and
continually is on the forefront of issues affecting our
business community. From 6 dedicated individuals five years
ago to almost 200 members. The Chamber continues to
flourish, we have come a long way.
Major Events 1985
October
After several organizational meetings the
Kern County Hispanic Chamber of Commerce was offically
formed when Frank Beadle, Felix Ramirez, John Enriquez,
Esther Manzano, and Manuel G. Lerma each paid $50 in Dues
which were sumitted to the Sacramento State Organization to
become chartered.
October
Esther Manzano and Manuel Lerma attended the
California Hispanic Chamber of Commerce State Convention in
Stockton and hand delivered the $200 Charter fee and were
allowed to vote as a chapter.
November & December Kern County Hispanic Chamber elects
officers.
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Major Events 1986
January
Bakersfield Chamber of Commerce Mixer.
KCHCC sends large delegation to the greater
February Monthly meeting sets up most important committees:
education committee, membership committee.
executive committee, marketing public relations committee,
February
Chamber holds 1st mixer at Casa Royal and
draws over 300 persons including live coverage from all
three network TV Stations.
April
KCHCC Host first State of California
Hispanic Chamber Board of Directors Meeting at the Hilton in
Bakersfield. Over 65 Chamber Members from all over
California attended and were very pleased with the Kern
County hospitality.
April
First Annual business luncheon at La Colonia
with speakers: Claude Fidler from Chevron & Bakersfield
City manager George Carvalho. The first luncheon was
standing room only crowd.
May
KCHCC Published new brochure and recruiting
materials.
August
2nd business luncheon held at "EL Barrilito
South West" over 50 members and guests attended with an
outstanding presentation from Connie Uenthal from the credit
bureau.
September
Planning started for the third and final
luncheon for a presentation on the year 2010 in California
and Kern County to be held in November of 1986
Major Events 1987
March
Quarterly luncheon at Casa Royale. Speaker
Mr. Duane Paul, Vice President and Economist at Bank of
America Corporate Headquarters Los Angeles, CA..
April
Regular meeting contribution to youth Paul
Hernandez from East High to attend Freedom Foundation Award
Ceremonies at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
May
Chamber President participated in the Cinco
De Mayo Parade with a decorated car on behalf of the Chamber.
May
President Nava met with the Committee of the
Fiestas, incorporated, and pledged the support of the
Chamber.
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May
KCHCC set up a booth at the Small Business
Opportunity Day Trade Fair at the Kern County fair grounds
to recruit members and promote the Chamber. Talked to over
40 corporations at the event.
May
Special meeting for election of Officers.
May
Quarterly luncheon with scholorship emphasis
and invited Dr. Tomas Arciniega, President of Cal State
Bakersfield to speak. The event was held at the Pollo
Norteno and over 60 members and guests attended.
May
Board of Directors host luncheon for State
of California Chamber of Commerce President, Roy Jasso.
June
Regular meeting awarded two $500
scholarships to Mario Ramos of Cal State Bakersfield and
Nick Ruiz of Bakersfield College.
July
Board Meeting at La Tapatia.
July
Manuel Lerma attends State of California
Hispanic chamber Meeting in San Bernardino, California.
July
Board of Directors attend ground breaking,
$300,000 Corporate Building for Enriquez Construction
Company, John Enriquez Member of KCHCC and past president.
August
Quarterly luncheon. Speakers were: Pete
Dukete, Chief Legalization Officer Unites States Justice
Department and Ted Bader, Agent U.S. Border Patrol. The
topics covered were amnesty and employer sanctions. We
received outstanding coverage that include 2 radio stations
and 2 television stations.
August
Inititated the Puente Project to work with
Kern County Juvenile Hall. Offered entertainment and
informational and educational resources available to our
detained and often forgotten youth. Over 50% of the
detained youth are minority, with the majority of them being
Hispanic.
August
President Nava met with attorney and member
Sylvia Rodriguez to start paperwork for KCHCC Articles of
incorporation.
September
Large Chapter delegation attended State Hispanic Chamber
convention in Oakland. Most of the Board Officers attended
including Al Nava, Manuel Lerma, Esther Manzano as well as
other members, Henry Rodriguez and Felix Ramirez.
September
Northern California Chamber Vice President
Armando Morlos visits chapter meeting with Al Nava and
Esther Manzano.
September
KCHCC receives outstanding community
organization award from NEDA and U.S. Commerce Department.
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October
Large Delegation attends Los Angeles National
Convention of the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. Those
in attendance included Maria Llaca, Manny Martinez, Henry
Rodriguez, Manuel Lerma, and Esther Manzano.
October
President Nava visits Baker Street corridor
with Mr. George Gonzales from the City of Bakersfield
Community Development program. Several businesses were
visited in an effort to alleviate problems in the blighted
area.
October
Presented recognition plaque to Steve
Schilling, Executive Director Sierra Vista Clinic for
outstanding community services.
October
Quarterly luncheon, speaker was Jim Buchiere,
from Edwards Air Force Base. His presentation was on
opportunities for small businesses at the base with the
Federal Government. The luncheon was held at the Kern River
Motor stations. Inn and over 60 persons attended including 2 TV
November
Co-sponsored a crime prevention seminar with
Kern County Economic Opportunity Corporation at Veterans
Hall on Ridge Road.
November
Contacted Mr. Vince Orduno, Community
Relations representative of American Savings and Loan in
Sacramento. Mr. Orduno agreed to update our Chamber
brochure. He print 1500.
December
KCHCC held Christmas party with El Mexicalo
bilingual newspaper co-hosting. Over 200 persons attended
including City Council representatives and members of the
Board of Supervisors. Food was donated by: E1 Pollo
Norteno, La Flor Morena, La Cabana. Refreshments were
donated by: American Way distributing, W.A. Thompson, Inc.
and Advance Beverage, Pepsi Cola Bottling Co. A fun time was
had by all those who attended.
Major Events 1988
January
- Election of Officers
- General membership meeting with guest
speaker Roy Nunez, U.S. Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce, Western Regional Manager.
February
- General Membership meeting with guest
speaker Armando Morlos California Hispanic
Chamber of Commerce President, and Joe Partida
Vice President of the Northern Region.
March
- Quarterly Luncheon with guest speaker Abel
Quintela U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
President held at the Casa Royal.
as
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April
- California Hispanic Chamber of Commerce,
quarterly Board of Directors meeting in Los
Angeles.
- Ribbon cutting Ceremonies for El Pollo Pollo
and Grossman's.
- Going away luncheon for Gloria Perez.
-
Committee meeting on Membership,
Fundraising, By-Laws and Executive Board
luncheon.
May
- General Membership meeting with guest
speaker Sonia Melara on Hispanic Yellow Pages
"Hispanic Consumer Buying Power".
- La Fiestas Parade. Executive Officers rode
in antique vehicles.
- La Fiestas Cinco De Mayo Fiesta, Chamber
rented a booth for two days.
- NEDA's Small Business Day, we had a booth.
- Ribbon cutting ceremony for San Joaquin
Valley College.
- Meeting with Tomas Arcinega President of
California State University, Bakersfield and
the Mayor of Bakersfield Tom Payne.
June
- General Membership meeting with guest
speaker Armando Morlos the California Hispanic
Chamber of Commerce, President. Speech titled
"Making Your Chamber Work".
- Quarterly luncheon with guest speaker Paul
H. Moreno, the President of Moreno
Construction in Chicago, Ill.. Held at the
Bakersfield Country Club.
- Meeting with the President of Greater
Chamber of Commerce and Bakersfield Supervisor
Mary K. Shell.
-
Channel 17 interviews two representative
from the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.
- First Annual Fun Night held at the Veterans
Hall on Mt. Vernon St.
- Committee meeting with the membership,
Public Relations, and Fundraising.
July
- General membership meeting with guest
speaker Cecilia Martinez for Pacific Bell on
"How to do Business with Pac Bell".
- U.S. National Workshop with speaker Roy
Nunez the Western Regional Manager.
- Quarterly Board of Directors Meeting in San
Francisco, CA.
- Fundraising Committee Swimming Party.
- The Chamber members played volleyball
against CONTEL Telephone Hispanic Employees.
- K.C.H.C.C. family picnic at Jastro Park.
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- Orientation for new members at CONTEL.
- Pac Bell interview for fundraising workshop.
- Committee meeting with the membership,
Public Relations, Workshop, Fundraising.
August
- General Membership meeting with guest
speaker Pete Para, Interim Director Employers
Training Resource Center: Topic "E T.R. & the
Employer Community"
- United States Hispanic Chamber Western
Regional Workshop at Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Meeting with the past President of
California Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Mr.
Roy Jasso.
- Attended Pac-Bell's Non-Profit Fundraising
Workshop in Fresno, CA.
- Celebration luncheon for George Gonzales,
promotion to Community Development Coordinator.
- Channel 29 KBAK interviewed the Kern County
Hispanio Chamber of Commerce.
- K.C.H.C.C. played volleyball game against
Contel Telephone Team.
60 Meeting with Gary L. Moss, Community
Development Program Department.
- Committee meeting with the Fundraising
Membership, Public Relations, Workshop,
Budget/Finance and Education.
-Corporate meeting with Bank of America, AT&T,
Frito Lay and The Bakersfield Californian.
September
- General Membership meeting with guest
speaker Gary L. Moss, Economic Development
Program Department. Topic: "County Financial
Assistance Program for Small Business".
- United States National Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce September 7 thru 11 at Washington
D.C..
- Two days Pac Bell Non-Profit Workshop in
Fresno, CA.
- SERENATA 88 Gala Event at the Lions Inn.
Scholarships were presented to three
students. The SERENATA 88 AWARD went to GINA
RODRIGUEZ, and MANNY MARTINEZ received the
MEMBER OF THE YEAR AWARD.
- K.C.H.C.C. presentation to the Golden Empire
Kiwanians Club.
- Meeting with Douglas Yvanian, Greater
Chamber President, Jack Stewart, President
Kern Economic Development Corporation, Jerry
Barlow, Chevron.
- TV 21-KFTV interview.
- Corporation meeting, Sears, Shell Western
Oil Company and Contel Telephone.
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October
- General Membership meeting with guest
speakers will be mayoral candidates Clarence
E, Medders and Thomas Payne.
-
NEDA and Minority business Development
Center Awards Luncheon. Three members of the
K.C.H.C.C. will be receiving awards.
Receiving the AWARDS are JOHNNY MUNOZ, FELIX
RAMIREZ, AND CHARLIE RODRIGUEZ.
- Pacific Bell Non-Profit Fundraising Workshop
will be held in Fresno, CA..
- Co-Sponsor "Federal Procurement and Export
Opportunity Conference"
- California Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
Conference 7th Annual Convention Sacramento,
CA.
- Corporate Luncheon sponsored by Chevron.
- Mixer at Community First Bank on October
26th, 1988.
- Board of Trade Ann Gutcher, Manager and
Executive Vice President.
November
- General Membership meeting with guest
speaker Paul W. Shellcock, Acting Economic
Development Director, Topic: "City Service for
Small Business".
- K.C.H.C.C. Tax Workshop presented by Mr.Don
Mendez C.P.A..
- Procurement Workshop Conference.
December
- General Membership meeting with guest
speaker William R. Hamblin, Senior Vice
President Chief Lending Officer, Greater
Chamber of Commerce Chairperson on Leadership
Program.
-K.C.H.C.C. Mixer at NEDA over 200 attend.
- 2nd Annual K.C.H.C.C. Christmas Party at
Enriquez Construction Corporate Headquarters.
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Check one entry category (one entry form per
#507 P44
category, form may be photocopied)
Hispanic Business Woman of the Year
Hispanic Business Man of the Year
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of the Year
Corporate Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
Government Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
CHECK YOUR REGION BELOW:
Region I:
AZ, CA, CO, Hi, ID, MT, NV, NM,
ND, OR, UT, WA, WY
Region II:
AK, AR, IA, KS, LA, MS, MO,
NE, OK, TX, SD
Region III: AL, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, MD,
ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, PR,
RI, SC, VA, VT, WV
Region IV: IL, IN, KY, MI, MN, OH, PA,
TN, WI
Name Nominee of San Antonio Hispanic
:
Title Cumber of commerce
Company
Address One Ten Broadway, Ste. 50
City/State/Zip Seen Antonio, TX 78205
Telephone (512)225-0462 )
FAX (
)
USHCC Member?
Yes
No
Member of Local Hispanic Chamber of
:
Commerce/Business Organization?
Yes (Name
)
No
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SAN ANTONIO HISPANIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
August 9, 1989
Mr. Joe Lire
United States Hispanic Chamber
of Commerce
4900 N. Main
Kansas City, Missouri
Dear Joe:
It was a pleasure seeing you at the TAMACC convention in Austin.
It was an extra pleasure for us because WE were able to share with
you our 1989 Chamber of the Year Award.
Joe, although the deadlines for the TAMACC and USHCC Chamber of the Year
awards were the same we were able to submit for both of them. However,
we do have some supplemental material that we are enclosing for your
review. WE hope 1t will aid you in your selection process.
We look forward to seeing you in New Orleans.
Again. thank you for your consideration .
Sincerely,
w Al u lleams
Chairman of the Board
enclosures
One Ten Broadway, Suite 50 - San Antonio, Texas 78205 . 512/225-0462
TEL NO: 816-756-0575
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"Hispanic BUSINGSS
-eadership for the Ei
PHOTO BY JOSE BARRERA
Hispanic chamber honored
San Antonio Hispanic Chamber, of Commerce President Al Aleman
(from left) accepts the large chamber of the year award Friday at the
Texas Association of Mexican American Chambers of Commerce con-
vention in Austin. Association officials Som Guzman and Ernest Chavar
ria present the award. Story on Page I-C, editorial on Page 4-B
Movers and shakers
For the second year in a panic Chamber more than
row the San Antonio Hispanic doubled its membership - to
Chamber- of Commerce has 900 - since January
been named the best Hispanic The group started the re
chamber in Texas. Its: chair cent drive to sign up library
man; Al Aleman Jr. received cardholders, which resulted in
the award Friday at the an- 30,000 new library cards is
nual meeting of Texas Associ sued; it. started the Career
ation of Mexican American
Amigos program. to provide
Chambers of Commerce in role models; and it started the
Austin
Business Success Series to
A great deal of the credite recognize outstanding His:
for the success; of this local panic business leaders.
chamber goes to Aleman. Un- Hats off to? the Hispanic:
der his leadership if the His Chamber of Commerce
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Son Antonio EAPRESD-NEWS - Saturday,
Hispanic
Plan to boost U.S.-Mexico
Chamber
to be in place soon, Clement
receives
Continued from 1-C
efits, some of which are among the lowest any-
where.'
state honor
Clements said decisive action must be taken.
"Texans deserve better," he said. "They de-
mand comprehensive reform and we, as your
elected officials, must respond.
"After months of study and debate, the Legisla-
By DENISE HERRERA-WIETERS
ture threw up its hands two weeks ago without an
Express-News Business Writer
agreement. But if we don't solve this problem in
AUSTIN The San Antonio Hispanic
November, then our legislators are going to find
Chamber of Commerce was awarded the
it's a long time to Christmas."
large chamber of the year award for the sec-
To increase business with Mexico and also ex-
ond consecutive year by the Texas Associa-
pand Texas' economic base, Clements said he has
tion of Mexican American Chambers of
made a number of proposals that have been en-
Commerce at the group's 14th annual state
dorsed by the Legislature and will soon be put
convention Friday.
into action.
The convention will be held through Sat-
"Known as the Texas Jobs and Opportunity
urday.
Blueprint, our program will put policies into place
Al Aleman, president of the San Antonio
that fuel our drive forward by providing tax in-
chamber, accepted the award and thanked
centives for job creation, by developing our high
the association for recognizing the cham-
technology base and by offering specialized train-
ber's members and its achievements.
ing for workers," he said
"As one of the oldest Hispanic chambers
Under the plan,", there will be an eventual
of commerce in the United States we have
phase out of sales and user taxes now paid on
not only dedicated ourselves to meet the
manufacturing equipment.
needs of our members but also to our com-
Also, the plan will target small- and mid-size
munity," Aleman said.
businesses through an exporters loan fund.
"Our geographic location and our strong ties to
Clements address
Mexico make Texas a natural partner in the twin
Ramiro Cavazos, executive director of the
plant program," Clements said Texas' central
San Antonio chamber, said, "I believe we are
location also gives us the advantage as a distribu-
the only chamber to be honored twice as a
tion center for the nation's commodities.
chamber of the year.
"We feel deeply honored."
Gov. Bill Clements;- who was keynote
speaker at the opening breakfast, addressed
the problem of workers' compensation and
the need to further trade between Mexico
"
Our geographic location
and Texas.
Our. system for compensating injured
and our strong ties to Mexico
workers in Texas has become an economic
nightmare," Clements said. "On the one
make Texas a natural partner
hand we have employer premiums that rank
among the highest in the nation and are pric
in the twin plant program.
ing many businesses out of the insured mar
Texas' central location also
ket "On the other hand we have workers' ben-
gives us the advantage as a
See PLAN, Page 7-C
distribution center for the
nation's commodities.
4-B
Editorial
Gov: Bill Clements.
To underscore both and to enhance manufae,
turing in Texas, we are proposing to exempt busi
ness inventories from: property taxes when th
Foods are only in the state temporarily.
Except for Alasker Texas is the only state.in
the nation? thatsoffera DO: such exemption for
called goods in translt,It's time we threw of
disincentive This will be on the ballot in
Novemberas a constitutional amendment.
About 800g members vote Hispanice chambers
acros Texas are attending the convention
*Antonios Mayore Henry Gisneros
wills the? keynote. speaker at: & convestion
breakfast Saturday.
LICENSE
'Ido'd
TERMONANT
apply
Express-News
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
Blair
Corning
Chamber going
for the big time
Al Aleman Jr. began his presidency of
the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in
January, he made up his mind months
before that his year would be dedicated
to the small businessman.
He knows what they need. He once
was one. Now, though, his food enter-
prise is considered big business.
But through education, role-model rec-
ognition, coalition-building and what
seems a blitz in community awareness,
the Hispanic chamber, once a small busi-
ness Itself, has catapulted to booming big
time In San Antonio.
Clout, energy
It has clout. It exudes energy. It ex-
emplifies initiative.
And It is an award winner in the state
with the possibility of garnering national
attention in September
"Texas" Chamber of the Year is the
accolade awarded last week to San Anto
nio's Hispanic chamber by the Texas As-
sociation of Mexican American Cham-
bers of Commerce. There are approxi-
mately 30 member chambers throughout
the state
What is more significant than this 1989
award is that it marks the first time in
state chamber history that the same
chamber has won two years in a row
When we won it: last year for our
work in 1988, it. was the first in our his-
tory of almost 60 years, said chamber
Executive Director Ramiro Cavazos
Winning D two years in a row is an ac
complishment nevery achieved: by: any
Texas chamber21 he added:
Now, San Antonio's Hispanic chamber
chambers
Cavazos said the national convention,
where the award will be presented, will
be held Sept. 9-12 in New Orleans, La.
San Antonio is a sure shot. Some sta-
tistics trigger its strength:
. In a recent three-day blitz, the
chamber gained 130 members. Since Jan-
uary," approximately 20 new members
have joined each month. Thus, since Jan-
uary. the chamber has added nearly 250
to the base of approximately 575 mem-
bers. Not a bad growth statistic
Money always talks.
"From the beginning of January to the
end of June this year, the chamber pro-
duced more revenue than it did during
the entire 1988 year," Cavazos said. "We
are spending more but we are making
more, too."
In March, the chamber initiated its
library card program, designed to reach
more than 100,000 children and their par-
ents. In its effort to face the ongoing lit-
eracy problem, the chamber already has
issued cards to 65.000 children and adults.
To strengthen its ties with Mexico,
a San Antonio Hispanic chamber delega-
tion, along with other invited Texas His-
panic chamber members, spent almost a
week there on a trade mission. The
chamber also sponsored a seminor on do-
ing business in Mexico.
Monthly mixers, now being held at
major companies such as Valero Energy
Corp., Southwestern Bell Telephone Co.,
the Marriott Rivercenter and Coca-Cola
Bottling Co., are almost overflow events
now. The last mixer, held July 26 at Fi-
esta Lincoln-Mercury, brought a record
700-plus to the Bandera Road site.
Successful seminar
Small business efforts? You bet. A
first successful Small Business Sympo-
sium, a two-day seminar in May, was
held at Incarnate Word College. The
chamber also continues to push for more
Hispanic and women business owners to
be awarded city contracts.
Education also is a major Hispanic
chamber thrust The city's Educational
Partnership Program is a major cham-
ber mandate, and chamber board mem-
ber. Lionel Sosa made a recent $50,000
contribution
Its Career Amigos program; designed
for chamber members to act as job hosts
at their work places for students, now
provides a: mentor program with more
than 150 chamber volunteers.
The chamber even sponsored a Ce
lebrity Waiter" dinner to benefit the Leu-
kemia Society. That first-time effort
raised more than $25,000.
Surely, the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce has to recognize this growth;
energy and vitality. And its spurt. to big
business status
I U 19:0 IHU
Hispanic Chamber committee unveil
By CHUCK McCOLLOUGH
Explais-News Business Writer
Group targets leadership development, job pa
The Hispanic Century Club on Tuesday un-
TEL :816-756-0575
velled a study and three-year plan for helping
Hispanics make advances in such areas as
since the time this group was formed two
The club will address that need by re-
management job parity, leadership develop-
years ago, there are still some very great dis-
searching the current status of Hispanics In
ment and increased minority business prof-
parties, Cavases said.
decision-making positions and determining
its:
"The purpose of the Hispanic Century Club
and distributing criteria used for selection
The club is a leadership committee of the
is to address those disparities. And the pur-
and the selection process.
San Antonio Hispanic Chamber of Com-
pose of this document is to give us, for the
The chamber committee also will estab-
merce The name comes from the proposed
first time, a detailed, long-range action plan
lish a dialogue with key members of the local
membership of 100 members
for doing so."
financial community.
The Century Club released a needs assess
Cavazos, sales manager for the local
Another objective is to give Hispanics par-
ment and range plan addressing six ar-
AT&T office, said Hispanics are 52 percent of
ity as board members, purchasing officers
cas:
the city's population but occupy only 2 per-
and senior managers in the business com-
#507 P50
To develop this document, which we call
cent of the upper-management positions in
munity at large. Club members will use the
Parity '92,' we had to take a long, hard look
San Antonio.
same tactics planned for the push for parity
at the state of Hispanic business In San Anto-
The club's first goal is to create parity for
at financial institutions.
filo today," sald Ben Cavazos, club chairman.
Hispanics as board members, loan officers,
A third goal is to increase revenues and
What ve/found, not surprisingly, is that
and senior managers in (inancial Institutions,
profits for Hispanic-owned businesses.
although we've made some real progress
Cavazos said.
To do that, Century Club members will
SAN ANTONIO EXPRESS NEWS
08/09/89
S study, three-year plan
To develop that leadership the club will
rity, business profits
start a mentorship program refer new mem-
bers to established leadership programs, pro-
vide and create leadership opportunities and
identify and recruit young members for lead-
survey minority businesses for specific
ership-building positions.
needs, develop a "Buy Hispanic" program,
"Our other objectives. are to work closer
conduct trade fairs, hold venture-capital
seminars, meet with organizations with con-
with other Hispanic organizations and help
prepare young Hispanics, for a business ca
tracts to award such as the Alamodome,
lic
reer," Cavazos said.
sponsor seminars on minority purchasing and
To give Mexican-American youths a start,
set-aside programs and hold a technology
seminar.
the Century Club will help/deyelop a network
"The San Antonio Hispanic community has
of college contacts, spoesor. a career day,
provide speakers for the chamber's Career
$3.7 billion in annual purchasing power. We
want to create a strong awareness of how
Amigos program, establish a scholarship pro-
that power can be used," Cavazos said.
gram for business students and promote en-
rollinent in college business programs
Club members will also develop and im-
The Century Club will not use confronta-
plement programs designed to cultivate His-
panic leadership.
tional or militant tactics, said member Kathy
Sosa. "We will present the business commun-
"That was one of the main areas identified
in the study," Cavazos said.
ity with facts that show how our group's
agenda can be mutually beneficial," she said.
S/S0-952-9T8:0N
#507 P51
HUG-31-
ICEA THU one entry 10:0 category S H. (one entry form per
IEL NU: 816-756-0575
#507 P52
category, form may be photocopied)
Hispanic Business Woman of the Year
Hispanic Business Man of the Year
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of the Year
Corporate Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
Government Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
CHECK YOUR REGION BELOW:
Region I:
AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM,
ND, OR, UT, WA, WY
Region II:
AK, AR, IA, KS, LA, MS, MO,
NE, OK, TX, SD
Region III: AL, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA MD,
ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, PR,
RI, SC, VA, VT, WV
Region IV: IL, IN, KY, MI, MN. OH, PA,
TN. WI
Name of
Nominee Atlanta Hispanic
Title Chamber of Commerce
Company
Address
City/State/Zip litlanta, GA
Telephone (
)
FAX (
)
USHCC Member?
Yes
No
Member of Local Hispanic Chamber of
I
Commerce/Business Organization?
Yes (Name
)
No
TEL NO: 816-756-0575
#507 P53
AUG-31-'89 IHU 15:35 ID:U SHCC
August 25, 1989
To:
Veronica Gouabault
Eastern Regional Manager
United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
Re:
Atlanta Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
From:
Gladys Montiel, President
bor
The Atlanta Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (AHCC) was established in Atlanta,
Georgia in October, 1984 as a volunteer non-profit organization.
It is a condult for the economic development of Hispanic businesses and professionals
on a local, national, and international level. The AHCC also serves as an information
resource center to both the Hispanic and non Hispanic community of metropolitan
Atlanta on issues of legislation, entertainment, employment, etc.
The AHCC currently has 130 members. Its membership includes Fortune 500 companies,
Government employees, entrepreneurs, and professionals. It offers a series of monthly
meetings which address topics of interest to its membership and provides a continuous
forum for networking.
The AHCC also publishes its newsletter, LA voz, which highlights chamber activities
and topics of general interest to its readership.
The AHCC has established relationships with the Atlanta City Government, the Atlanta
Chamber of Commerce, Atlanta-based and national Hispanic Organizations, and other
minority non-Hispanic business organizations.
The Chambers most important objectives and accomplishments are and have been to
promote the economic development of our Hispanic community, to raise Hispanic
awareness in our non-Hispanic community, to promote the positive image of Hispanics,
and to provide a comfort zone for the Hispanic entrepreneurs assisting them towards
their development and efficient flow into the mainstream.
The AHCC's most successful revenue producing strategy until now has been the
implementation of its first annual awards gala held in June, 1989 at the Omni
International in Atlanta, with an attendance of over 300, complete with Latin food, and
live Latin entertainment, in which the following categories were honored: Corporation
of the year, Hispanic Business of the year, and Hispanic Businessman and Businesswoman
of the year.
1
#507
ItL NU:816-756-0575
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:35 ID:USHCC
The most important Issues the AHCC has faced until now have been:
1. The 1988 local Supreme Courts ruling by Judge Hicks on the city of
Atlanta's MBE program excluding all other minorities except blacks, from
participating in the program since there was no data provided by the City
of Atlanta that would support those other ethnic groups as having been
discriminated against. This was mainly due to the cities inefficient system
of maintaining proper minority data showing the breakdown of the various
ethnic groups and how they have individually been discriminated against as
groups. The Chamber implemented the MBE Steering Committee in order
to monitor and assist the City of Atlanta with proper documentation needed
and ordered by the Supreme Court.
2. U.S. Congressman Pat Swindall's repeated public negative statements
about Hispanics implicating Hispanics with drug trafficking and money
laundering. The AHCC together with the other Hispanic organizations
held a press-conference where the Congressman could publicly clarify and
correct his statement showing the community that actions like this from
political figures would not be tolerated.
3. The "English Only" issue
The AHCC once again joined forces with
the other Hispanic organizations mainly LULAC making television
appearances and visiting City Hall and requesting any and all support from
the community at large. The proposed "English Only* bill was shelved.
2
CORPORATE
HISPANIC
BUSINESS ADVOCATE
OF THE YEAR
H
United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
771
DOHS n:a1 99:51 nHI 68,-IS-90H
SSd 205#
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:36 ID:U S HCC
TEL NO: 816-756-0575
#507 P56
Check one entry category (one entry form per
category, form may be photocopied)
Hispanic Business Woman of the Year
Hispanic Business Man of the Year
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of the Year
Corporate Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
Government Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
CHECK YOUR REGION BELOW:
Region I:
AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM,
ND, OR, UT, WA, WY
Region
II: AK, AR, IA, KS, LA, MS, MO,
NE, OK, TX, SD
Region III: AL, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, MD,
ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, PR,
RI, SC, VA, VT, WV
Region IV: IL, IN, KY, MI, MN, OH, PA,
TN, WI
Nominee Name of Wilma X. Barrios
Title Hispanic Markets Director
Company Mutual OF Omaha
Address Mutual of Omaha Plasa
City/State/Zip Omaha, NE 68175
Telephone (402) 978-5545
FAX (
)
USHCC Member?
Yes
No
Member of Local Hispanic Chamber of
:
Commerce/Business Organization?
Yes (Name
)
No
None EXIST
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:37 ID:U SHCC
TEL NO:816-756-0575
#507 P57
ZULMA XENIA BARRIOS
6115 SEWARD STREET
OMAHA, NEBRASKA 68104
402-978-5545 OFFICE
402-558-6604 HOME
EDUCATION
RHU (Registered Health Underwriter) Designation--1983
Courses in all related areas of Health Insurance,
Omaha, Nebraska
LUTCF (Life Underwriter Training Council Fellow) Designation,
1970 to 1973 Diplomas in Personal, Business and Disability
Insurance, Asheville Community College, North Carolina
Louisiana State University--1961 to 1964
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Bachelor of Arts & Sciences--1961
Colegio Sagrada Familia, El Salvador
BUSINESS EXPERIENCE
MUTUAL OF OMAHA INSURANCE COMPANIES
Omaha, Nebraska
Hispanic Markets Director
1984 to Present
Senior Marketing Consultant, Hispanic Markets
1983 to 1984
Special Markets Coordinator
1982 to 1983
Agency Sales Division Officer
1977 to 1982
Sales Director
1976 to 1977
Associate Director, Management Training
1975 to 1976
Sales Manager
1974 to 1975
Sales Agent
1973 to 1974
LIFE OF GEORGIA INSURANCE COMPANY
Sales Agent
1968 to 1973
FIRST NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Sales Agent
1965 to 1968
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:37 ID:USHOC
IEL NU:816-756-0575
#507 P58
Zulma Xenia Barrios
Page 2
ACHIEVEMENTS
Chosen as one of 100 Hispanic Women in Communications by Hispanic
USA Magazine and Hispanic Academy of Media Arts & Sciences
Chairman, Special Projects, Nebraska Committee for UNICEF
Chairman, Omaha SER, Jobs for Progress, Inc. (1987-1988)
Chairman, Republican National Hispanic Assembly of Nebraska
Regional Representative, Midwest-Republican National Hispanic
Assembly
National Co-chair, Hispanics for Bush-Quayle Campaign-1988
Secretary-Treasurer to CRIA (Children with Rights in America)
Washington D.C.
Member, Board of Directors, American G.I. Forum, National Con-
vention Contributions Committee for 1989
Member, Community Leadership Board, Kesil International Adoptions
Agency of Nebraska
Member, Board of Directors, RITE (Rehabilitation Instruction
and Training for Employment) of Nebraska
Member, Advisory Board, Mayor's Commission, City of Omaha
Liason to the Hispanic Community, Great Plains Council, Girl
Scout of America, Omaha, Nebraska
Member, Board of Directors, Center Stage Theater, Omaha, Nebraska
Member, Hispanic Advisory Board, Metropolitan Technical College,
Omaha, Nebraska
Member, Board of Directors, Heartland Educational Center,
Omaha, Nebraska
Nebraska Hispanic Woman of the Year--1987
Named among "The World Who's Who of Women"
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:38 ID:0 SHOC
IEL NU:816-756-0575
#507 PS9
Zulma Xenia Barrios
Page 3
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
- Member, Mexican American Women's National Association (MANA)
- Member, National Association of Health Underwriters
- Member, The National Network of Hispanic Women
- Member, National Association of Life Underwriters
- Member, Hispanic Women Task Force of New Jersey
- Member, Nebraska State Association of Life Underwriters
- Member, Nebraska Association of Farmworkers, Inc.
- Member, National Council of Hispanic Women
- Member, United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
- Member, League of United Latin American Citizens
- Member, Nebraska Association of Health Underwriters
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:39 ID:U SHCC
TEL NO:816-756-0575
#507 P60
Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company
Home Office: Mutual of Omaha Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68175
Mutual
ZULMA X. BARRIOS RHU. LUTCF
Hispanic Markets Director,
Omaha.
Agency Sales Division
People you can count on...
8/22/89
For your Information
my LAHest Achievement:
Association Snoup Insurance with
BeNeFits ANd MONEY-SAVING rates
For USHCC memburship
1
C.
Muchai Fincist,
Affiliated Companies: United of Omaha
Balue Companion Life Insurance
a
Omaha
Property
and Casually
Company Omaha Financial Life Insurance Company IN Tele-Trip Company Mutual of Omaha Fund
Management Company, sponsor of Mutual of Omaha Funds Kirkpatrick, Pettis, Smith, Polian Inc., Investment
Bankers . Mutual of Omaha International Ltd., London England United World Life Insurance Company
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:39 ID:USHCC
TEL NO: :816-756-0575
#507 P61
Unidos para servirle mejor
Musual of Omaha Companies
International Headquarters:
Omaha, NE
Mutinal
The United States
Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce and the Mutual
of Omaha Companies are
united in the commitment to
serve you better.
Now, your USHCC
membership includes access
to Association Group
insurance with benefits and
money-saving rates for many
of the following coverages:"
Disability Coverage
Medical Protection
Life Insurance
Long-Term Care
These are important
parts of the Mutual of
Omaha Companies' Total
Income ProtectionsM pian-
a complete line of insurance
plans and financial services
designed to help you achieve
financial security..
For information
without obligation, call
the Membership Benefit
Hotline:
1-800-228-9999
Let US serve you as a
valued member of the United
States Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce
Mutual
Omaha.
Companies
Protection for the eary your live.
*Plans available in must states
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:40 ID:U SHCC
TEL NO:816-756-0575
#507 P62
Special Gonvention Issue
H
Official Newsletter of the
United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
Summer 1989
PRESIDENT'S
MESSAGE
I would like to welcome all of our
friends to our special celebration at the
USHCC 1989 National Convention of
our 10th year in existence. The growth
enjoyed in the 1980s by the Hispanic
business community has been matched
A view of Mutual of Omaha national headquarter's in Omaha, Nebraska.
by the USHCC's own impressive
growth.
Take our first National Convention
Mutual of Omaha makes Group Insurance
in 1980, for example. On that occasion.
available to USHCC Affiliates and Members
the planning was done in a school
building with the help of four compan-
ics (who are still USHCC partners):
The U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Com-
National Council of La Raza and the
attendance at the Convention was under
merce. in cooperation with Mutual of
National Hispanic Scholarship Fund.
100; and exhibitors numbered about a
Omaha Companies. is proud to amounce a
The opportunity to purchase insurance
dozen. At the 1989 Convention. more
new service for its nationwide network of
products from Mutual of Omaha at Associ-
than 5.000 are expected to visit with
chamber affiliates and members - Asso-
ation Group rates can save USHCC mem-
more than 300 exhibitors.
ciation Group insurance.
hers and affiliates money. Association
The interest shown by Corporate
The Mutual of Omaha Companies pro-
Group rates are lower chan rates of may
America in Hispanics has grown in pro-
vide a wide range of insurance services to
comparable individual coverages. A Trust
portion to the growth of Hispanic enter-
people from all walks of life. Through its
Affiliation Agreement signed by both
prise and the Hispanic market. During
partnership with the USHCC. Mutual of
organizations will enable all USHCC
the decade there's been close to a 100
Omaha offers other coverages to members
members to participate in the discounted
percent increase in the number of His-
of Hispanic chambers and business organi-
or enhanced product portfolio being
panic firms in the nation, today
zations that collectively represent 40,000
offered.
approaching 400,000 with revenues of
Hispanic Business Enterprises.
The Mutual of Omaha Companies also
$20 billion annually. And the Hispanic
Mutual of Omaha has enjoyed a long-
are a strong. reliable organization. A
market. consisting of 25 million His-
time partnership with the USHCC. A
leader in the American insurance industry
panies with a purchasing power of S134
USHCC member since 1983. Mutual has.
for 80 years. the Mutual of Omaha Com-
billion. has prompted the establishing
sponsored exhibit booths at several con-
panies have paid close to $24.4 billion in
of Hispanic market strategies by major
ventions and trade fairs. Most recently it
benefits (an average of 55.6 million per
corporations that didn't exist 10 years
sponsored a USHCC Networking Meeting
day). In addition. Mutual of Omaha has
ago.
in San Diego. CA (see inside pages for
continually received a "Supcrior Raring"
Às grand a celebration the USHCC
story).
- the highest available - from the A.M.
1989 National Convention will be of
For several years. Mutual of Omaha has
Best Company. an independent financial
Hispanic enterprise however. we'll be
delighted Hispanic television audiences
analyst.
touching only the tip of the iceberg or
with a Spanish version of its popular
USHCC affiliates and members are
Hispanics' potential as business owners
Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom series,
encouraged to consider the many advan-
and consumers. Vamos 0 New Orisans!
"EI Reino Salvaje.' Mutual of Omaha
tages this opportunity offers. Participation
also supports programs that create educa-
is voluntary and members may choose the
tional and job opportunities for Hispanics.
range of benefits best suited to their needs.
in addition to the USHCC, Mutual of
The following services. several of
Abel Quintela
Omaha has supported many other His-
which are offered at Association Group
panic organizations. including the Ameri-
rates. are available: Disability Income
can G.I. Forum, the League of United
Protection. Hospital/Medical Protection.
Latin American Citizens (LULAC), the
(See Minual, page 2)
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:41 ID:U SHCC
TEL NO:816-756-0575
NETWORKING #507 P63
A(
Mulual of Omaha representatives and USHCC
Board Members together at the San Diego Nvi-
working Meeting. Pictured ILR are: Armando
Mortos. USHCC Director: Zulma X. Barrias.
Hispanic Murkers Director. Mutual of Omaha:
Jesse Navarro, President. San Diego Hispanite
Chamber of Commerce: Abcl Quinicla.
USHCC President, and Paul Jensen. Major
Accounts Executive. Murual of Omaha.
MUTUAL OF OMAHA SPONSORS SAN DIEGO MEETING
More than 100 Hispanic entrepreneurs
Electric and Anheuser-Busch Companies.
panic Chambers of Commerce: Dr. Jolian
attended a Networking Meeting held April
Inc., the meeting featured the following
Nava, former U.S. Ambassador IO Mex-
12 at the Omni San Diego Hotel in San
guest speakers: Abcl Quinteta. President,
ico; and Robert Munoz. California's Com-
Diego. CA. where business opportunities
USHCC: Jesse Navarro. President. San
missioner of Employment and Labor.
and sources for financial assistance for
Diego Hispanic Chumber of Commerce:
Keynote Speaker Kathy Calderon.
small business owners were discussed.
Adela Contreras. Manager. Western
Assistant Secretary of the California State
The meeting. sponsored by Mutual of
Regional Office. USHCC: Zulma X. Bar-
Business Transportation and Housing
Omaha. was successful at several levels:
rios. Hispanic Markets Director. Mutual
Agency, stressed the importance of up-
its program featured representatives from
of Omaha; Tony Delfino, Minority Pur-
porting small business growth in Califor-
the public and private sectors, and it was
chasing Coordinator. Sun Diego Oas &
nia. Small businesses generate 80 percent
the first nerworking meeting arranged in
Electric: and Betty Banks. Purchasing and
of the state's jobs.
conjunction with the newly formed
Transportation Manager, AT&T.
A special presentation on the impor-
San Diego Hispanic Chamber of
Presemations were made also by
tance of being counted in the 1990 Census
Commerce.
Armando Morlos. USHCC Board Mem-
was given by Jess Margarno. Awardness
Cusponsored by San Diego Cax &
ber and President of the California His-
Specialist. Bureau of the Census,
AT&T AND PHILIP MORRIS SPONSOR NEW YORK MEETING
The USHCC assembled an impressive
Co-hosting the meeting were the Long
vendors discussed business opportunities
roster of corporations for a Networking
Island Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.
of mutual interest. AT&T. Philip Morris
Meeting held August 3 in New York
Westchester Hispanic Chamber of Com-
Companies, Inc.. Pepsi-Cola Co., East-
City,
merce. Federacion de Comerciantes y Pro-
man Kodak. and Equico Capital Corpora-
The meeting. open 10 the public, was
fesionales de Nueva York and the His-
tion gave presentations regarding their
held from 1 to 5 p.m. at the offices of
panic Mercantile Federation.
minority purchasing programs. and Ven.
AT&T. 32 Avenue of the Americas.
The meeting provided a forum whereby
ture Capital availability.
AT&T and Philip Morris Companies. Inc.
corporate representatives and Hispanic
Following the meeting, the participants
were the sponsors.
attended & reception hosted by AT&T.
Kirry Boneri.
Redolio Urrutin (standing)
Julian Gisbers, MC. and L'eromice
Medina. Secretary of the
Abri Quintela,
AT&T representatives IL.R):
FEDECOP
founder of FEDECOM
Goughout. USHCC Ensurer
Long island Hispanic
President, USHCC
Coordinator
Winifred Brown. Glendara Parquer
Regional Monoger
Chamber
and Thebas McGill
Mile Moreno. Pres.,
Philip Morris representatives (L-R):
Joe Lira.
L.R Theima MrGill. AT&T
Over 200 attended the Networking
Eduardo Redriguez
Westchesier Hisponse
Anthony Morelli and Julio Colon
Administrator,
Corporate Manuger, MWRE
Chamber
Meeting
Pres., Hispanic
LISHCC
PROG., and Jerry B
Mercunite
Adriano. Dir. of Business
Federation
Development. USHCC
4
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:41 IDIUSHOC
IEL NU:816-756-0575
#507 Pb4
GOVERNMENT
HISPANIC
BUSINESS ADVOCATE
OF THE YEAR
H
United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
#507 P65
TEL NO: 816-756-0575
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:42 ID:U ENTRY SHCC FORM
Check one entry category (one entry form per
category, form may be photocopied)
Hispanic Business Woman of the Year
Hispanic Business Man of the Year
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of the Year
Corporate Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
Government Hispanic Business Advocate
of the Year
CHECK YOUR REGION BELOW:
Region I:
AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM,
ND, OR, UT, WA, WY
Region II:
AK, AR, IA, KS, LA, MS, MO,
NE, OK, TX, SD
Region III: AL, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, MD,
ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, PR,
RI, SC, VA, VT, WV
Region IV: IL, IN, KY, MI, MN, OH, PA,
TN, WI
Name of
Nominee CARMEN R. Garaa
Title Ass. Rep. OF Public AFFAIRS
Company ARCO
Address P.O. Box -DAB33
City/State/Zip DAUAS, TX 75221
Telephone (214)880-5044
FAX (
)
USHCC Member?
Yes
No
Member of Local Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce/Business Organization?
Yes (Name Dallas Hisp. Chamber )
No
OF commerce
and
TAMACC
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:42 ID:USHCC
TEL NO:816-756-0575
#507 P66
CARMEN R. GARCIA ARCO Oil and Gas Company (Dallas, TX)
Dallas Hispanic Chamber Board - Served for three terms
(one year as Vice chair). Member for five years.
Presently Co-Chair of Legislative Affairs Committee.
SER-Jobs for Progress - Served on board for three years.
Presently Vice-Chair of Amigos de SER. Assisted in
fundraising efforts for "Advanced Business Training
Center" designed for minority women. Places women back
into the job market and is solely funded by corporations.
YMCA, Community Services - Serve on board and a member of
the Education Committee. Member of the Minority
Achiever's Program and Youth in Government (State Board).
ARCO's Minority Business Development Program - Member of
this company-program for the past two years. Has been
instrumental in identify minority contractors to the
company and has contracted with many Hispanic Chamber
members.
Alumni, MALDEF Leadership Program and Leadership Dallas
Program.
Member: Hispanic Issues Forum, Hispanic Women's Network
and Mexican-American Business and Professional Women's
organizations. Served on the Mayor's Task Force (during
administraton of Mayor starke Taylor)
SUMMARY
As Co-Chair of the Dallas Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
Legislative Affairs Committee this year, submitted to
TAMACC an idea to have all state chambers involved in a
"Legislative Day in Austin". This event entailed inviting
all members of Hispanic Chambers that belong to TAMACC to
spend a day in Austin to visit with their legislators.
The Dallas Hispanic Chamber had approximately 30 attend
which included the majority of our board. The overall
attendance was over 100 statewide and was very successful.
Meetings were scheduled with the Governor's office, State
Purchasing Agency and various elected officials. TAMACC
also hosted a reception honoring the Hispanic Caucus
members in which over 200 attended.
This was a first for Hispanic Chambers and something we
will continue to do during legislative sessions.
Recently elected as Secretary of TAMACC in July of this
year and will serve for a one-year term.
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:43 ID:U SHCC
IEL NU:816-756-0575
#507 PO?
CHANBER INVOLVEMENT
OTHER CIVIC INVOLVEMENT
Chair, Dallas Hispanic Chamber - Legislative Affairs
Vice-Chair, Amigos de SER
Serving in this capacity for a second term. Coord-
dinated Legislative Days in Austin for board members.
Board Mcmber - TMCA Comunity Services
Board Member, Dallas Hispanic Chamber
Alumi, Leadership Dallas
Served on the Dallas Hispanic Chamber Board for four
years. Also served as Vice-Chair for one year.
Almuni, MALDEF Leadership Program
Board Member, TAMACC
Recepient, of Dallas Hispanic Chamber
Serving on the TAMACC board for a second term. Momber
"Corporate Momen of the Year" Award
of the Legislative Affairs Committee last year.
Regional Director, TABACC
Elected this year from TAMACC board members to serve as
the regional director for the Northern Region (Waco,
Fort Worth and Dallas).
Awards Committee, TAMACC State Convention
Served on this year's Awards Committee for the state
convention.
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:44 DUSHCC
TEL NO:
#J07 FOB
11.21
TUINS
WITW?
SUPERVISORS
SEAL
SANTA CLARA COUNTY
RON GONZALES
SUPERVISOR. DISTRICT THREE
Supervisor Ron Gonzales was elected to the Santa Clara County Board
of Supervisors in November, 1988 with 57.4% of the vote.
Supervisor Gonzales also served for eight years on the Sunnyvale
City Council (1979-87) including two terms as Mayor.
Born in San Francisco and raised in Sunnyvale, Supervisor Gonzales
attended DeAnza Community College and received his Bachelor of
Arts Degree in Urban Studies from the University of California, Santa
Cruz. He also graduated from the Mayors' Leadership Program at
Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government.
Supervisor Gonzales' professional career has included service with
the Sunnyvale School District and the City of Santa Clara. Prior to
being elected to the Board of Supervisors, he was a marketing
manager with the Hewlett-Packard Company.
Supervisor Gonzales is involved in numerous civic organizations
including the boards of directors of the United Way of Santa Clara
County, the San Jose Symphony, the Arts Council of Santa Clara
County, and the Metro YMCA.
Supervisor Gonzales resides in Sunnyvale with his wife, Alvina, and
their three daughters.
6/89
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, SANTA CLARA COUNTY
70 WEST HEDDING STREET, SAN JOSE, CA 95110, 408/299-2323
AUG-31-'89 THU 15:44 JD:U.S.H P.S. TEL NO:816-756-0575
#507 P69
HIT07 #859-03
Ron Gonzales
Supervisor, Third District
County of Santa Clara
Employment History
January, 1989 to
County Supervisor. Third District
Present
County of Santa Clara, California
1979-1989
Hewlett-Packard Company
Marketing Manager
1975-1979
City of Santa Clara, California
Intergovernmental Assistance Coordinator
1973-1975
Sunnyvale School District
Community School Director
Prior Elected Office Experience
Elected in 1979 to the City Council of Sunnyvale, California and re-
elected in 1983. Chosen by the City Council to serve as Mayor in
1982 and 1987.
Education
University of California, Santa Cruz
Bachelor of Arts Degree, Urban Studies, 1973
Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University
Graduate, Leadership Institute, 1982
Personal
Reside in Sunnyvale with my wife Alvina, and our three daughters.
Honors
Mayor's Award, U.S. Conference of Mayors, 1982
Outstanding Young Men in America: 1971, 1973, 1982
Ford Foundation Fellow: 1971 and 1972
Community Service
Board of Directors, United Way of Santa Clara County
Board of Directors, Arts Council of Santa Clara County
Board of Directors, Metropolitan YMCA
Board of Directors, San Jose Symphony
Founding Member, Hispanic Elected Officials of Santa Clara County