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South Dakota Centennial Ceremony 9/18/89 [OA 6268] [2]
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South Dakota Centennial Ceremony 9/18/89 [OA 6268] [2]
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South Dakota Centennial Ceremony 9/18/89 [OA 6268] [2]
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26
19
3
4
These are copies of news
clippings from the early
days of McCrossan. (1950's)
RE CORDIALLY INVITED
TO ATTEND THE
DEDICATION ceremonies
OF THE
McCROSSAN BOYS' RANCH
ONE MILE NORTHWEST OF
THE JUNCTION OF HIGHWAYS 38 AND 38A
NORTHWEST OF SIOUX FALLS
SUNDAY. JUNE 26. 1955
THREE O'CLOCK P.M.
McCrossan Boys Ranch Will
Be Dedicated Here June 26
McCrossan Boys Ranch northwest of Sioux Falls will be
dedicated at 3 p.m. June 26, M. T. Woods, one of the directors
of The McCrossan Foundation, Inc., said today.
Mrs. Melinda B. McCrossan, Amarillo, Tex., whose gifts
have made the ranch for boys a reality, will be present for
the dedication services, Woods said.
Foundation directors met with the Board of Directors of
the Chamber of Commerce this afternoon to discuss dedica-
tion plans.
Woods said that Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Mayer, teachers in
the Sioux Falls public school system, have been employed as
directors of the boys ranch. The Mayers will move into ranch
directors' quarters about July 1 to ready the ranch for the
first boys about Sept. 1.
The ranch is located approximately one mile north and
one mile west of the junction of Highways 38 and 38A.
Wearing an $831,000 smile, Mrs. Melinda Bell McCrossan
stepped from an airplane at Joe Foss Field late Friday. Mrs.
McCrossan, donor of the McCrossan Boys Banch northwest of
Sloux Falls, came here from Amarillo, Tex, for dedication of the
ranch at $ p.m. Sunday. From $ combination of property in Sings
Falls and Minnehaha County plus $628,000 received from the
sale of a section of land near Amarillo, Mrs. McCrossan has given
$831,000 to erect the home for needy boys. -Photo by Tom Jellema.
AORE THAN $800,000
GIVEN BY SPONSOR OF
BOYS RANCH NEAR S.F.
One week from today, at 3
years.
p.m., the McCrossan Boys
Presently in Amarillo where she
Ranch will be dedicated and
has made her home for much of
bring one step nearer the plan
the past 38 years, Mrs. McCrossan
of an Amarillo, Tex., woman for
set up The McCrossan Foundation
Inc., in 1947 as a memorial to her
a memorial to her husband.
husband's love of South Dakota.
Mrs. Melinda Bell McCrossan
A native of Spearfish, Mrs. Mc-
will be at the Boys Ranch for
Crossan moved to Sioux Falls
dedication ceremonies of the
shortly after her marriage to
project for which she has
Bernard C. McCressan. Mr. Mc-
given $831,000 through the
Crossan ran the wholesale grocery
house which later became Haley-
Neeley Co. and later the H. E.
Neeley Co. Mr. McCrossan died
in 1904.
Loved Children
Mr. McCrossan's love for chil-
dren is legend among the old-
timers of Sloux Falls and undoubt-
edly had some bearing on Mrs.
McCrossan deciding on a boys
ranch instead of her earlier
thoughts of a home for the needy
or elderly persons.
Toward this memorial, Mrs. Mc-
Crossan has given $831,000, in-
cluding $628,000 obtained for the
sale of a section of land on the
city limits of Amarillo on April
26. Mrs. McCrossan had turned the
land over to The McCrossan
Foundation, Inc., of Bloux Falls, OCT
April 5.
In addition, Mrs. McCrossan,
setting up the trust on Oct. 1,
1947, gave the half-section of land
northwest of Sloux Falls on which
the boys ranch is located and Sioux
Falls real estate including a lot
on 8. Phillips Ave. north of the
Lewis Drug Store and four du-
plexes at 11th street and Min-
nesota avenue across the street
from the YMCA. These properties
are valued at more than $200,000.
Arrives Thursday
Mrs. McCrossan is scheduled to
arrive in Sioux Falls Thursday,
according to M. T. Woods, one of
the foundation directors.
Members of the Chamber
Commerce Board of Directors and
foundation directors are working
together to plan dedication cere-
monies. Other foundation direct-
ors are R. J. Hobson, F.M. Regan,
Adolph Lodmell and D. W. Suth-
erland.
A dinner for Mrs. McCrossan
Friday night is tentatively sched-
uled.
'A Great Blessing to the City'
Part of the crowd which sat and steed under a het lane
whose gifts made the ranch pensible, is seated in the front rew
sun Sunday afternoon for the dedication of of the McCroasan days'
at the far right on the speaker's platform. The Rt. Rev. Magr.
Ranch northwest of Sioux Falls is seen here. Atty. M. T. Foods,
William L. Mulloney called the ranch, "A great bleasing to the
one of the McCrossan Foundation directors, to delivering a fref-
city," in his dedicatory remarks.
ace to the dedication. Melinds Bell McCrossan, Amarillo, Tex,
-Photo by Tem Jellema.
Ranch for Boys Northwest of Sioux Falls
Is Dedicated; To Be Haven for the Needy
By LLOYD NOTEBOOM
Croasan, Woods said. "Bh went
the dedication as "One of the
Argus-Leader Staff Writer
through many of the privations
greatest milestones IL the history
"You are necessary to made
and hardships of ranch life There
of Sioux Falls," and Paul Batch-
it B success," Mrs. Melinda Bell
were droughts and pests, god peo-
eller. president of the Sloux Falls
McCrossan, Amarilo, Tex, told
ple to deal with and difficut peo-
Chamber of Commerce, said the
ple to deal with, the man: prob-
dedication "is = great occasion
a large audience yesterday aft-
lems of a large business opration
not likely to be matched in our
ernoon at the dedication of
that men are expected to know and
lifetime."
meet, but women seldom Lave to
McCrossan Boys Ranch north-
Geneva Befter, social worker with
face.
west of Sloux Falls.
the State Child Welfare Division,
"All these problem- she success-
Mrs. McCrossan, whose gift
said the event gave her a "real
fully surmounted single-landed,
thrill to know that the ranch 3
of thousands of dollars made
and through them all she clained
dedicated to carry out a program
the establishment of a ranch
or gained the vision that made
of helping boys."
for needy boys possible, did not
her know that the thing ale want-
ert to do in this life was, net some
And County Judge A. C. Halls
speak long. But she left no
sees the ranch as "a dream come
doubt that she wanted to leave
temporary. but a great, lasing and
with the people of South Da-
monumental thing. the wanted to
true, & place for dependent chil-
help others, those who had need
dren."
kota a work that will live.
of her help-needy. humless, lit-
He explained that the public
She spoke briefly of her life in
tle boys.
usually thinks of delinquent chil-
Texas and of seeing the men and
"I don't know whethersuch vi-
dren when actually a large per-
boys come home at night to a
sion comes from the greatexpanses
centage of the work is caring for
lonely cabin. She told of her de-
and the fine people of Texas or
dependent children.
sire to help boys become good men.
of South Dakota, or wheher they
There are never less than 50 de-
Her voice was strong as she
are inherent in the perso. I think
described her dream and ambition
pendent children under county
they have It in Texas. Thope we
of establishing the Boys Ranch as
care, the judge said, and the fig-
have it in South Dakot, and I
a South Dakota institution.
are often is much higher.
am sure this good lady 188 it."
$ /alths
Help Needed
Firms Thanked
With the invocation. and bene-
Although Mrs. McCrossan has
Woods also introduced and
diction delivered by the Rev. R.
given $831,000 toward establish-
thanked personally th various
G Borgwardt of the First Luth-
ment of the Boys Ranch, it was
firms which assisted " building
cran Church and the Rev. E. P.
trought out by M. T. Woods, a
Boys Ranch as well as rpresenta-
director of McCrossan Poundation,
Quentin of the First Baptist
tives of two sororities which were
Church, respectively, and the ded-
Inc., that others will be called
the first to donate cas gifts to
Astion delivered by Magr. Mul-
upon to assist, much as Mrs. Mc-
the ranch. The sororitis are Mu
Crossan said when she told the
loney of St. Joseph's Oathedral,
Phi Nu which gave $12 and Beta
three faiths were represented.
audience, "You are necessary to
Sigma Phi which gave :00 and a
Woods said three faiths were
make it a success."
television set.
Woods said, "We are here and
represented to help point out that
Ingvald Bogge, constitution su-
will be gone tomorrow, but this
the ranch would be nonsectarian
perintendent on the poject. was
work must go on and we are con-
and that all who come there to
adent that Bloux Falls will al-
presented with a wrist watch by
live will be free to follow their
Woods.
ways furnish willing hands to that
own religious beliefs
end."
Actual dedication of Boys
A half-hour band concert prior
Ranch was made by The EL
to the dedication was presented by
The Sienx Falls atterney dis-
Rev. Magr. William 1. Mallency
th e Minnehsha County 4-H
closed that $300,000 in cash had
who called the crisbilhment *A
marching band under the direc-
been turned over by Mrs. Mc-
great blessing to the efty." Be
tion of Jay Eigethen.
Crossan with the rest of the
said, "May God bless Mrs. Mc-
Stoux Falls Junior Chamber of
money to come in over a period
Cressan, this place and all that
Commerce members assisted in
of 20 years.
goes an within IL"
parking care and in setting up
folding chairs for the dedication
In paying tribute to Mrs. Mc-
Mayor Fay Wheelder described
held outside.
Success of Boys Ranch
Responsibility of All
Now that the McCrossan Boys Ranch
has been dedicated, with inspiring and heart-
warming ceremonies, residents of Sioux Falls
and vicinity are looking forward with eager
interest to the opening of this haven for needy
boys, which has come about through the great
kindliness and generosity of Mrs. Melinda Bell
McCrossan of Amarillo, Tex.
Words are inadequate to describe the im-
portance of this institution, and they fail to
do justice to the magnificence of this gift.
The ranch is exactly what this area needs.
As an agency for sheltering the homeless, be-
friending the friendless and shaping youthful
character, it has boundless potentialities. Its
possibilities for service are wonderful indeed.
How shall the community show a proper
measure of gratitude for this facility? For one
thing, we can take to heart a statement by
M. T. Woods, a director of the McCrossan
Foundation Inc. At the dedication he said,
"We are here and will be gone tomorrow, but
this work must go on and we are confident
that Sioux Falls will always furnish willing
hands to that end."
Which is to say that if the ranch is to
carry on successfully it must have the sympa-
thetic and active support not of just a few
citizens but of the many. As Mrs. McCrossan
told her hearers at Sundal's program, they
are necessary to make the institution a success.
It's up to them-all of us-to see that this
boys' home northwest of Sioux Falls serves its
purposes effectively through the years to
come.
In the light of public response to Mrs.
McCrossan's splendid gift and to the help ex-
tended by others, we are quick to share Woods'
confidence that the willing hands needed to
make the ranch successful will always be avail-
able.
And we likewise endorse the prediction
that the McCrossan Boys Ranch will some
day be the Boys' Town of South Dakota.
McCrossan Ranch Tabbed as
'Boys Town of South Dakota'
"The McCrossan Boys Ranch
to be based on a four-way program
will become the Boys Town of
of religion, education, work and
recreation.
South Dakota" was the prediction
M. T. Woods, president of the
made last night by a man who
board of Boys Ranch, traced the
should know.
history of the venture and pointed
Father A. J. McMahon, dean of
out that it will be non-sectarian.
grade school section at the Ne-
Mrs. McCrossan, who is in town
braska Boys Town, made the re-
for the 3 p.m. Sunday dedication
mark during a talk at the Minne-
of the ranch, told of the reasons
haha Country Club.
for founding the ranch and what
Father McMahon spoke at a
she hopes it will accomplish.
dinner honoring Mrs. Melinda Bell
Toastmaster Paul Batcheller,
McCrossan, who has founded the
president of the Chamber of Com-
home for boys.
merce, introduced Mr. and Mrs.
The dinner was sponsored by di-
Jerome Mayer, who will be in
rectors of the Chamber of Com-
charge of the boys home.
merce and directors of the Boys
The ranch is located one mile,
Ranch.
north and three-fourths of a mile
Father McMahon said that to be
west of the junction of Highways
successful the ranch would have
38 and 38A.
THOSE WHO attended the
dinner at the Country Club
Friday night in honor of
Melinda Bell McCrossan,
founder of the McCrossan Boys
Ranch, could tell from the talk
which Father A. J. McMahon
of Boys Town gave that the
young priest is a person who
knows and loves underprivil-
eged boys. What they didn't
know was that he, himself, is
an orphan and a product of
the Pennsylvania mining area
Mrs. McCrossan's return
visit for the dedication of the
Fanch northwest of the city at
Dinner Honoring
3 p.m. today must certainly
stir up memories for her. But
Mrs. McCrossan
It stirs memories for others,
too. Elsewhere on this page
Set for Friday
is a picture taken shortly after
the turn of the century at one
Melinda Bell McCrossan, bene-
of the Christmas parties given
factress of the McCrossan Boys
annually by her husband,
Ranch, will be guest of honor at
"Barney" McCrossan, who died
a dinner at the Minnehaha Coun-
in 1904. It is interesting to
try Club at 6:30 p.m. Friday.
ncte that one of the many
Mrs. McCrossan is scheduled to
who remember that Christmas
arrive in Sioux Falls by plane from
Amarillo, Tex., at 10:15 a.m.
wouldn't be Christmas back in
Thursday.
those days unless a youngster
The donor of $831,000 for the es-
could go down to McCrossan's
tablishment of a home for needy
warehouse for treats is Clar-
boys will be honored at & dinner
ence Satnan, who, as chief
of the board of directors of the
Sioux Falls Chamber of Com-
county probation officer, now
merce, directors of McCrossan
is doing so much to help other
Foundation, Inc., local city and
children.
county officials who will work
with the ranch, and a representa-
tive from Father Flanagan's Boys
Town in Nebraska.
Anyone interested is invited to
attend the dinner, but reserva-
tions must be made by calling the
Chamber of Commerce before Fri-
day noon.
S.F. Will Dedicate
New Home for Boys
An event which will take place in front of
a small group of buildings northwest of Sloux
Falls at 3 o'clock Sunday afternoon will, in-
directly, have an effect on the lives of many
young boys in the years ahead.
The McCrossan Boys Ranch, located one
mile north and three-fourths of a mile west
of the junctions of Highways 38 and 38A, will
be officially dedicated at that time. It is
fitting that a public ceremony has been
planned to mark the occasion.
The Boys Ranch has been made possible
through the generosity of a former Sioux Falls
resident, Mrs. Melinda Bell McCrossan, who
has provided $831,000 to finance the project
as a memorial to her late husband. Mr. Mc-
Crossan's great love for children, which is re-
membered by older residents of the city, is
said to have had some bearing on Mrs. Mc-
Crossan deciding on this type of a memorial.
The McCrossan Boys Ranch will not be a
penal institution. Rather, it will provide a
home for needy boys.
It is being started on a conservative pat-
tern with much room for expansion in the
future. It is located on a half-section of farm
land which was included in Mrs. McCrossan's
gift.
Sioux Falls has an opportunity to meet
Mrs. McCrossan again this week. She has come
here from Amarillo, Tex., to participate in the
dedication program. Various civic leaders will
have an opportunity to thank her publicly
Sunday afternoon for her wonderful gesture
in founding a much-neqded home for boys in
this area.
THE DAILY ARGUS-LEADER
SIOUX FALLS, SOUTH DAKOTA, SUNDAY, JUNE 26, 1955.
SECTION D
Mc Crossan Boys Ranch Now Is Reality
HOME FOR BOYS-The words, McCrossan Boys
lounge. Building pictured here is only onr-fourth of
with the lounge in the center. Portion of the unit to
Ranch, In white letters on a green background stand
the actual space. Three more units are joined In a
the right of the entrance has not been completed.
out on the modernistic entrance to the home for boys.
fan shape at the other side of this unit. Supervisor
-Photo by Tom Jelisma.
This is the main entrance and leads Into a large
quarters are located at the left end of this unit
DEDICATION
TO BE MADE
AT 3 TODAY
Widow of S.F. Wholesale
Grocer Gives $831,000
Memorial
By LLOYD NOTEBOOM
Argue-Leader Staff Writer
Bernard (Barney) McCros-
san loved children.
The late who'esale grocery-
man understood the desire of
children to have a home and to
be loved, and McCrossan loved
Dedication
South Dakota.
Those are the underlying
Program
reasons for a slight, white-
haired, blue-eyed lady's dedica-
tion of McCrossan Boys Ranch
Dedication program for Mc-
Crossan Boys Ranch will begin
this afternoon.
with music by the Minnehaha
Mrs. Melinds Bell McOrossan
County 4-H marching band un-
will dedicate the Boys Ranch at
der the direction of Jay Elge-
3 p.m. as a memorial to her hus-
M.D.T.CO
then. The band will play from
band, his love for children and
nune
2:30 to $ p.m.
his love for South Dekota.
The Rev. R. a. Borgwardt of
However, there is more to the
the First Lutheran Church will
dedication of the ranch than a
deliver the invocation at 3 p.m.
memorial to her husband Gift of
Contractors and contributors
the ranch, for which Mrs. Mc-
to the project will be recognised
Crossan has provided $831,000, will
by M. T. Woods, a director of
live as a memorial to her, too.
McCrossan foundation, Inc., and
Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Mayer,
Her Deaire
directors of the ranch will be in-
troduced.
It represents her own desire to
Melinds Bell McCrossan,
help others. In this particular in-
stance they are the little boys who
ranch benefactress, will be intro-
duced by Woods. The dedication
need and want a good home in
will be made by The Rt. Rev.
which to grow up to face the world
William L Mulloney.
on a par with others.
Brief remarks will be made
On Oct. 1. 1947, when Mrs. Mo-
by Mayor Fay Wheeldon: Paul
Crossan entered into a trust
Batcheller, president of the
agreement with Roy Hobson,
Bloux Falls Chamber of Com-
Adolph Lodmell, Francis Regan,
merce; County Judge A. O.
Wayne Butherland and M. T.
Halls, and Grace Martin, direc-
Woods, ahe provided that any
tor of child welfare.
property transferred by her to the
The Rev. E. P. Quinton of the
trustees would :- used for a home
First Baptist Church will deliver
for needy, elderly persons or other
the benediction to conclude the
worthy charity.
dedication oeremony.
As Woods will point out this aft-
ernoon, Mrs. McCrossan later de-
cided that she would prefer to on-
dow a Boyb Ranch.
Although only Mrs. McCrossan
knows why she choes a ranch for
boys, It is entirely possible that
GIFTS FOR NEEDY-Old-timers of Sloux Falls can remem-
flocked to Mr. McCrossan's wholesale house for their annual
her late husband's desire to make
ber back in the 1890s and 1900s when the late Bornard (Harney)
treat of A Christmas tree, fruit. candy and nots. Mr. McCrossan,
children happy was the basic rea-
McCrossan's wholessle house at the foot of 7th street was a
who died In 1904. is not on this picture since he was sick at that
son for her determination to erect
Christmas haven for needy kids. But this picture taken In 1903
time. However, Mrs. McCrossan and the picture was taken to
a home for boys.
or 1903 given us all all lien of the crowds of youngsters who
show her Insurand that his work was being carried on.
For there are many who re-
member McCrossan's acts of
kindness in supplying . Christ-
mass (pee and Christmas treats
for the needy children who came
to his wholesale house in Stone
Falls prior to his death tn 1994.
Actual work on the Boys Ranch
!
building began in May, 1953, when
four hospital units from the Air-
base were purchased and moved
to the half-section of land one
mile north and three-fourths mile
west of the junction of Highways
38 and 38A. The land also was
given by Mrs. McCrossan.
However, a great deal of finish
work is yet to be done on the four
units joined together in the shape
of a fan. One end of each of three
units are joined at the center of
the fourth unit.
Quarters Finished
Quarters for the supervisors, Mr.
and Mrs. Jerome Mayer, a large
lounge, rooms for six boys and a
room for future additional help
are completed. These quarters
represent only 8 small fraction
of the total space which eventu-
ally will be utilized.
The Mayers plan to move in
about July 1 and the first six boys
are expected Sept. 1. Until the
operation moves into full swing
and a kitchen and dining hall
are provided, meals for the six
boys will be cooked in the super-
visors' quarters and a portion of
the lounge will be used as a din-
ing area.
No definite age limit has been
set for boys who will live at the
ranch, other than they be old
enough to dress themselves and
not so old as to be a bad influence
on the younger boys.
It will not be = detention home
or a small-scale training school.
Ner will It be an erphans home.
It's to be a home for boys who
need B home.
Situated on a hill northwest of
Sioux Palls, the ranch overlooks
the city and is easily visible from
Highway 38 driving north.
To reach the ranch from Sloux
Falls, go north on Highway 38. Do
not turn west on Highway 38 to-
ward the main junction of the two
highways but continue north to
the north-south gravel road. Go
one mile further north. where
electric *power equipment is lo-
cated. turn west for three-fourths
of a mile.
Foundation directors have point-
ed out that the public is invited
to attend the dedication ceremony.
No special invitation is needed.
Families who wish to attend with
their children are urged to do so.
WITH S.F. BROTHERS:
Boys' Ranch 'Family' Is Growing
Mr. and Mrs. Jerome May-
bers of the family," Mrs. May-
struct a memorial to her late
er, directors of the McCros-
er said.
husband, Bernard C. McCros-
Room for More
san, Sioux Falls wholesale gro-
san Boys' Ranch, have start-
cer, became a reality.
ed their "family" with two
At the present time there is
$831,000 Gift
Sioux Falls brothers aged 11
room for two more boys and a
Mrs. McCrossan, Amarillo,
and 13.
carpenter is working on two
Tex., through ner gifts of $831,-
more rooms. When they are
By Christmas, the Mayers
000 made possible the building
expect to have room for eight
completed the Boys' Ranch will
of a ranch for boys northwest
have sleeping rooms for eight
boys.
of Sioux Fails, app eximately
Mrs. Mayer said today that
boys.
one mile north and one mile
the two little boys who began
Although it is expected to be
west of the junction of High-
living at the Boys' Ranch last
near Christmas before the Boys'
ways 38 and 38A.
Saturday come from a broken
Ranch can accommodate eight
Mrs. McCrossan was in Sioux
home.
little boys, Mrs. Mayer expects
Falls in June for the dedication
The boys have their own
two more boys to join the fam-
of the ranch on June 26. She
room but use the Mayer's liv-
ily within a month or two.
spoke briefly at ceremonies held
ing room. They also eat the
With the entrance of the first
at the ranch which is located
meals, prepared by Mrs. Mayer,
two boys the plan of Mrs.
on 3 half-section of land, also a
at the Mayer table "like mem-
Melinda Bell McCrossan to con-
gift of Mrs. McCrossan.
10-A Sioux Falls Argus-Leader
Sanday, June 24, 1956
privacy for their own family af-
If any of the other outside refer-
AT END OF FIRST YEAR
fairs.
rals had been similar to the five
Maintain Contact
boys now at the ranch, "we would
12. 12. 14 and 14.
have taken them," Mayer said.
Incidentally, the Mayers have
A definite effort is made to
McCrossan Ranch Is Home for Five Boys
Payment of possible extensive
a 7-week-old child, and the Nee-
maintain contact between the boys
medical costs and school tuition
leys, wholare house parents, have
and their parents. Only one of
are two of the problems that will
a 7-month-old child. The Mayer
the boys has neither a mother or
have to be solved when boys from
and Neeley offspring are boys,
father.
outside Sioux Falls go to the
By LLOYD NOTEBOOM
naturally.
"We look toward eventual re-
ranch, Mayer explained.
Argus-Leader Staff Weller
As the ranch's population In-
turn of the boys to their parents,
Five youngsters, first in a
creases, additional staff will be
relatives or guardians," Larson
Year's Goal
family of boys that will grow
needed. The ideal situation is to
said, adding that the home may
and grow, will observe the first
have no more than 10 boys for
have been forced apart through
When the ranch was opened &
anniversary of McCrossan Boys
each set of house parents, Mayer
money difficulties.
year ago, a tentative goal of six
said.
It might seem that the boys
to eight boys in the first year was
Ranch next Tuesday.
Grant Larson, case worker with
would develop such an attach-
set. The goal is near. Originally,
When the ranch northwest
the State Division of Child Wel-
ment to the ranch that they
the ranch was planned for 12 to
of Bloux Falls was dedicated
would not want to return home
17-year-old boys. An II-year-old
fare, visits the ranch once a
June 26, 1955, the sprawling
week. He consults with Mayer on
again, particularly if their homes
boy was admitted because be was
structure echoed with empti-
the problems of the boys and
were below par.
considered an extreme case. This
shows the flexibility of the ranch
ness.
works with the boys to solve their
According to Larson, there is
program, Mayer said. "We have
Today It is acquiring that
individual problems.
little danger of that. The boys
rules but they can be changed
lived-in atmosphere that comes
say, "we always like home." Life
"One of the benefits of the
If the change will help the boys."
with five active boys getting
at the ranch is good. Larson said,
ranch to this point is that It
acquaipted with a new home
but they have allegiance to their
On behalf of the ranch's board
gives a few boys the experience
parents.
of directors, Mayer said. the sup-
and each other.
of family living. They learn to
Larson added that the ranch is
port of the people in Bloux Falls
The first two boys came to the
share their problems by cating,
filling a great need of the com-
and the state in the first year has
ranch Oct. 8, 1955. The third
working and playing together,"
munity and the state by providing
been greatly appreciated. There
came shortly before Christmas
Larsen said.
permanency for a youngster. It's
have been numerous gifts and
and the fourth and fifth took up
not good for a child to be moved
donations from clubs, Sunday
residence early this year. A sixth
In the matter of recreation, the
boy is expected this month.
boys follow a democratic system.
from foster home to foster home,
Schools, sororities and individuals,
The boys meet and make sugges-
he explained.
For the coming year, the ranch
Further expansion of the family
program includes more of every-
will have to wait until kitchen
tions of what they would like to
The fact that all five boys
thing of the first year. A land-
facilities are expanded.
do for the week. Mayer and Neeley
presently at the ranch are
scaping project is under way and
Jerome Mayer, ranch director,
carry out those suggestions within
from Bloux Falls does not
a recreation area and athletic
explained that rooms for 19 boys
reason. Such activities may in-
mean that boys from other
field are planned.
are ready. There are beds for 10
cluds swimming, picnicking, mov-
parts of the state will not be
The public will have the oppor-
boys.
tos and fishing.
taken.
tunity to view the first year's
However, boys must eat. Until
The group takes advantage of
achievements in July when an
kitchen facilities are expanded,
TMCA and city-sponsored recre-
Referrals have come
open house will be held. The date
the ranch has about reached Its
ation. All five boys will go to
Yankton, Lead, Rapid City and
will be announced later.
capacity. A commercial kitchen
Camp Typeetonks. Part of them
Watertown. The reason they have
and dining area will be readled
will go in July and the others
not been accepted is that all cases
as fast as blueprints are made
will go in August.
referred to the ranch from other
available, Mayer said.
However, the ranch is not one
areas have involved severe emo-
big playground. The boys have
tional disturbances.
11 For Meals
regular routine work projects in-
"We feel that we have to do
cluding helping in the kitchen
something for the boys at the
At present there are five boys,
and laundry. clean up projects
ranch," Mayer said, "and we are
Mr. and Mrs. Mayer and Mr. and
needy children. Main entrance is at right. Melinda Bell
and gardening.
not equipped to handle such emo-
BOYS BANCH FROM AIR-This serial shot by Pho-
Mrs. Harry Neeley whose meals
tographer Herb Quatset shows how the former barracks
McCrossan, Amarillo, Tex, made the project possible with
The Mayers and the Neeleys
tional cases. They would need 24-
must be prepared in a home-sised
take turns dining with the boys.
hour custody."
buildings were joined together Into one large home for
gifts of $831,000.
kitchen. The boys are aged 11,
Every other evening they eat
A referral from outside this
with the boys to provide some
area presently is being considered.
Boys Ranch 'Family' Home for Christmas
By LLOYD NOTEBOOM
Arges-Lender staff Writer
Last night was Christ-
mas Eve. The night be-
fore Christmas is for
families. Last night the
"family" at McCrossan
Boys Ranch observed its
first Christmas Eve.
Lowell, Keith and Larry,
the first of many boys who
someday may call the ranch,
"Dur ranch." were there.
Mr. and Mrs. Jerome (Jerry
and Bernice) Mayer, ranch
supervisors, and Kenneth NI-
cola. Augustana College stu-
dent who lives at the ranch
as a counselor, were there.
Shortly after the evening
meal last night, the family
gathered around a Christmas
tree in the ranch lounge. There,
with a portrait of Melinds Bell
McCrossan looking down upon
the happy scene, the family
opened its presenta.
Mrs. McCrossan of Amarillo,
Tex., must have smiled happily
to herself, knowing that her
gifts of $831,000 made the scene
possible.
From all indications, Mc-
Crossan Boys Ranch is a going
concern. It should eventually
be home for hundreds of boys
through the years.
Church Teday
To complete their celebration
of Christmas, the members of
the ranch family went to their
respective churches in Bloux
Falls this morning. The boys
and Mrs. Mayer went to a Lu-
theran Church. Mayer attend-
ed a Catholic Church.
This afternoon the Mayers
This is the McCrossan Ranch 'family.' Jerome
time on his homework. Lowell Is 13. Larry and Keith
at the ranch for a potluck Christmas dinner on the
and Lowell and Larry will have
Mayer, supervisor, reads The Argus-Leader while
are 12. Ordinarily Mayer wouldn't be wearing a tie
night this picture was taken. Family living la en-
Christmas dinners with Mayer's
his wife kibitses a checker game between Lowell, at
for a quiet evening at home, but the board of direc-
couraged at the ranch.
parents and Mrs. Mayer's par-
left, and Keith. Lowell's brother, Larry, puts in some
tors, and their wives, of McCrossan Foundation, were
-Photos by Herb Qualiet.
ents. Keith will spend the day
with his mother. The family
will be back at the ranch to-
p.m., the boys are free to follow
activities of their own choosing.
morrow.
THANKS TO MRS. McCROSSAN
They can watch TV in the huge
Reference to the group as a
lounge. They frequently engage
family is not something
the Mayers in a game of check-
dreamed up for a Christmacy
ere or the whole family may
effect. It's a definite part of
compete in a game of Chinese
the ranch program.
checkers.
As Mayer put 11, "We share
their activities. We encourage
Or they may gather around
family living. They help with
the beautiful plano which
the household chores and we try
Mrs. McCreasan sent to the
to give them individual atten-
ranch from her home in
tion. We help them with their
Texas.
homework. We want them to
still other outlets for their
Stel this is ours.'
boyish enthusissm are provided
The boys are encouraged to
in games of ping pong or in
call the Mayers Jerry and
working with wood in & meager
Bernice to break down for-
workshop in the basement. The
smality. The boys do just that.
only tools presently available
are some hand tools, but there
Lowell, 13, and Larry, 12, are
are hopes for a full-fledged
brothers. They came to live at
workshop in the future.
the ranch Oct. 8. Helth, 13. ar-
Various organizations and
rived about three weeks ago. A
firms have provided the TV set,
feurth boy is expected early in
ping pong table, cash donations
February.
and other items. A motion plc-
To keep the record straight,
ture projector and film was re-
these boys, and boys yet to
celved as a gift last week.
come, are not delinquents. The
Saturday mornings are house-
ranch is not a detention home,
cleaning periods, but the aft-
training school or orphans home.
ernoons again are free time. Last
It's a home for boys who need
Sunday the entire family went
a home.
aliding on a hill near the ranch
.A typical day at the ranch
buildings.
starts at 6:45 a.m. The boys get
A weekly allowance, though
up, make their beds and get
not large, is given to the boys
ready for school. After breakfast,
the boys grab their lunch kits
to be spent purely for their own
and are taken to their schools in
enjoyment. The two fifth grad-
Sioux Falls by Mayer or Nicola.
are receive 25 cents. The eighth
They leave the ranch at 6 a.m.
grader receives 40 cents.
since one of the boys starts
Growing boys love to eat. At the ranch they
giggle as Lowell works on a stack of dirty
Mayer pointed out that the
school at 8:30 a.m.
take turns washing and wiping dishes, clearing
dishes. Larry prepares pots and pans for wash-
boys'can make a little extra by
the table and assisting with meal and lunch
Ing.
Back ab Ranch
polishing his shoes for a nickle
preparations. Keith, center, tries to repress &
a pair. He supplies the equip-
At 4:30 p.m. It's back to the
ment.
ranch and a start on the eve-
To make the season even more
ning's activities. The boys help
Christmacy for the youngsters,
keep ranch quarters clean and
the McCrossan Foundation pro-
assist Mrs. Mayer with the eve-
vided $5 in gifts for each of
ning meal which is eaten at
them.
6:30. Everything is done in fam-
Dy style, including clearing the
Without doubt, the family on
table and washing and drying
the hill northwest of Sioux Falls
dishes. Next day's school lunches
this morning said, "Merry
are prepared after dinner.
Christmas to you, Mrs. Mc-
After that it's homework. From
Crossan, and to you, and you
, pm. until lights out at 9:30
and you."
McCrossan Foundation directors and their
with Mayer's help. A piano sent by Mrs. Melinda
wives, ranch supervisors and the three boys join
Bell McCrossan from her home in Texas is in
in a pre-Christmas potluck dinner in the ranch
left background. A portrait of Mrs. McCrossan
lounge. The boys decorated the tree at left and
hangs over the fireplace.
one of them planned the imitation fireplace
Part of living at the ranch is housekeeping chores. The boys
assist with housework and take care of their rooms. Larry puts
the finishing touches to his bed in the room shared with his
brother. Keith presently is alone in a room, but a roommate
is expected in February.
6
Wednesday, Sept. 26, 1956
Sioux Falls Argus-Leader
South Dokota's Loading Newspaper
March . 1885)
John A. Kounsdy
Publisher, Editor-tx-Chief
(Charles M. Day. editor, 1888 to 1945)
P. a Christepherson, eather.
a J. Eahler, manager,
& D. Ashley, managing aditor. A. & Rossler compireller
LARGEST DAILY CIRCULATION IN SOUTH DAKOTA
OFFICIAL CITY AND COUNTY NEWSPAPER
MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Vol. TE
No. 268
Favorite Bible Thought
WHAT 18 MAN, THAT THOU ART
MINDFUL OF HIM, AND THE SON OF MAN
THAT THOU VISITEST HIM?-PSALM 8:4.
Man that yields to animal impulses is just an
animal, but by faith soe OGR do all things for we
are also sons of God.
McCrossan Ranch
Will Help Many
Melinda Bell McCrossan died yesterday at
Amarillo, Tex, far from the site of the Mc-
Crossan Boys Ranch which she founded north-
west of Stoux Falls-but, actually, her heart
was never for from South Dakota.
She and her husband, the late Bernard
(Basney) McOrossan, loved children. They
understood the desire of children to have a
home and to be loved. There are still many
in this area who recall the treats that used
to be passed out to youngsters at the Mc-
Crossan grocosy warehouse here each Christ-
mas around the turn of the century.
Mrs. McOrossan provide $831,000 for the
establishment of the haven for needy boys,
which is now in operation. She returned to
Sloux Falls in the summer of 1955 to attend
the dedication of the ranch.
The result of her kindness and generosity
has boundless potentialities. She has founded
an institution which can help many in the
years to come, She has left with the people of
South Dakota a work that will live.
The boys who some to live at McCrossan
ranch will not have known the white-haired,
blue-eyed lady who made their home possible,
but they will know the fruits of her gener-
esity and will be given every opportunity to
profit from them.
That is the memorial that Barney and
Melinda Ball McCrossan have left in South
Dekota.
Rites for Mrs. McCrossan,
Boys Ranch Founder, Planned
Funeral services are being ar-
ranged for Mrs. Melinda Bell Mc-
Crossan, who died at Amarillo,
Tex., Tuesday. She established a
home for boys northwest of Stoux
Falls.
Mrs. McCrossan, who endowed
the McCrossan Boys Ranch, had
been ill only since Thursday. Fu-
neral arrangements are incom-
plete but it is possible that in-
terment may be in Sioux Falls
since her husband, Bernard (Bar-
ney) McCrossan, is buried here.
He died in 1904.
The ranch, a mile north and
three-fourths mile west of. the
junction of Highways 38 and 38A,
was made possible by gifts from
Mrs. McCrossan totaling $831,000.
It will provide a memorial for Mrs.
McCrossan and her husband, both
of whom understood children and
their need for 8 hôme.
Mrs. McCrossan entered into a
Melinda B. McCrossan
trust agreement with a group of
Sioux Falls men on Oct. 1, 1947.
property includes buildings occu-
The trust provided that any prop-
pied by Bassler's Women's Apparel:
erty transferred by her to the
Mory's Happy Hour Bar, Ingham
trustees would be used for a home
Cleaners and apartment buildings
for needy, elderly persons or some
south of the YMCA on Minnesota
other worthy charity. Later she
avenue. The $831,000 includes
decided she would prefer to en-
$628,000 from sale of land near
dow a boys ranch.
Amarillo.
In making this decision, it is be-
At Amarillo, Mrs. McCrossan
lieved that the influence of her
lived in the Capital Hotel. It was
late husband was important. In
her custom to return to Sioux Falls
the 1890s and the early 1900s, Mr.
each year. Her last visit here was
McCrossan's wholesale house at
for the ranch dedication. She had
the foot of 7th street was a Christ-
lived at Amarillo for much of the
mas haven for needy children.
past 39 years.
The ranch serves as a memorial
As of last year, $300,000 in cash
to the McCrossans' love for chil-
had been turned over by Mrs. Mc-
dren and South Dakota.
Crossan. The rest was to come in
Work on the ranch building be-
over a period of 20 years.
gan in May, 1953, and it was dedi-
Mrs. McCrossan, a native of
cated June 26, 1955. At the end of
Spearfish, moved to Sioux Falls
the first year, five youngsters made
soon after her marriage to Mr.
their homes there.
McCrossan. He ran the wholesale
Holdings making the ranch pos-
grocery house which later became
sible include the half-section of
Haley-Neeley Co. and later the H.
farm land where it is situated. City
E. Neeley Co.
McCrossan Boys Ranch Looks
Like an Up-and-Coming Spreac
By LLOYD NOTEBOOM
solved one big problem when
been rejuvenated, presently
ent, everyone at
Argus-Leader Staff Writer
it picked up the tab for a
suffices for all the boys. Con-
eats in the lount
McCrossan Boys Ranch
new 34- by 60-foot barn. The
sequently, bareback riding
16 persons is pre
barn was completed last
accounts for a good deal of
kitchen no larger
is beginning to look like
week, but still needs to be
the boys' riding time.
average home., As the
a ranch.
painted. It. has stalls, feed
Another gift is teaching
ber of boys increase, the
In the past two months
room, tack room and space
the boys to take care of ani-
lounge will have to be used
the home for boys has
for baby beeves for an up-
mals properly. Ben Ginsbach,
as a kitchen, Grassman adds
coming 4-H project.
Sloux Falls, gave the ranch
ed.
taken on the outward ap-
60 chinchillas 1½ years ago.
pearance of a ranch with
Grassman is hoping some
The animals are kept in
Some may wonder why
horses, barn, corral and
generous persons will do-
hutches in the barn.
the ranch, established with
pint-sized cowboys.
nate 12 head of baby beeves
Boys at the ranch have
a gift of $831,000 from the
The nine boys at the ranch
to get the 4-H project
done quite a lot of work, too,
late Melinda Bell McCros-
aren't holding any roundups,
started. Although there are
to make the ranch look like
san, has to look for $15,000.
or doing any branding, yet,
nine boys now, three more
a ranch. Board fences around
to complete a wing.
but they're putting in consid-
are expected shortly. Each
the main quarters were
It's simple, Grassma
erable time getting acquaint-
of them should have an
erected and painted by the
pointed out. If the wing can
ed with their mounts.
animal for 4-H, be said.
boys. They will help with
be completed with donations,
When it comes roundup
painting the barn and later
If the animals are ob-
the ranch can house and fee
time, the boys will be ready,
will help paint the house.
tained, the boys will draw
the 37 boys on interest from
provided they have the cat-
numbers for their pick of the
Other Chores
Mrs. McCrossan's gift. If the
tle.
herd. The boys will get the
gift money is spent for con:
The ranch (dedicated two
In addition, the boys tend
profits derived from the ani-
struction, there will be noth-
years ago last Thursday) got
a large garden, care for the
mals. Money will be invested
ing to keep the ranch going,
off to a fast start, but fal-
livestock, mow the lawn, help
in bonds for their future ed-
he said.
tered briefly on the far turn
with the dishes and are re-
ucation, Grassman explained.
Eventually, Grassman sees
for a change of foreman. Now
sponsible for their own
it appears to be thundering
Ponies also are needed, al-
the ranch as a working farm
rooms.
though the ranch now has
unit. It's 340 acres now are
down the homestretch.
The biggest project which
seven, including a colt. A
farmed on shares by two
Grassman has on his mind
New Foreman
ranch mare is due to foal any
farmers. With machinery,
right now is the completion
the ranch land can be farmeds
New ranch foreman, Direc-
day. Only one of the horses
of the second wing. The first
tor Robert Grassman, is
was a gift to the ranch.
wing has rooms for 12 boys
by the boys with all proceeds
whipping the spread into
George Lundberg, Bloux
and an apartment for a care-
going to the ranch.
shape. He's had help, but he's
Falls, donated a saddle horse
taker and his family.
"It is in the future,
frank in admitting that he
about six months ago. Grass-
Grassman said about $15,-
Grassman said, "but our
will need a lot more help be-
man would like the remuda
000 is needed to complete the
first concern now is to get:
den so the weeding tasks don't get too
fore the ranch will be a go-
increased to around 12.
second wing, including rooms
FRESH VEGETABLES-Richard Jarman,
12, puts in a session in the ranch's cabbage
monotonous.
ing concern for 60 to 75 boys.
Saddles also are needed.
for 25 more boys and a kitch-
the second wing ready for
patch. The boys take turns tending the gar-
-Photos by Herb Qualset.
Stoux Falls Elks Club
One saddle, a gift that has
en and dining area. At pres-
another 25 boys."
605 773 3741
TELECOM ST SD
09/14/89 14:04
P02
used a spinning wheel, butter churn, etc.
Her education consisted of eight years of
Beulah lived in the Blackstone Apartments
grade school and two of high school. Nellie was
for 17 years before she entered Bethany Home
then qualified to receive her teaching certificate
as a resident when she was 95.
for a country school. The only means of trans-
A Century Citizen plaque was awarded her
portation to and from school (a distance of nine
on July 7, 1988, by Sioux Falls Mayor Jack
miles) was by horse and buggy.
White. On that day Beulah also received a
She married Harry Harberts in Garner, Iowa,
pioneer certificate from the Sioux Valley Ge-
on July 24, 1909. They moved to Canton, South
nealogical Society Such & certificate is avail-
Dakota, in 1914, where they resided for 22
able to persons who lived in Dakota Territory
years. Nellic worked for many years as a clerk
prior to statehood or are descendants of people
in the K and K Company, JC Penney, and Co-Op
who lived in Dakota Territory.
Grocery.
Beulah Hansen has four living children,
Nellie is a longtime member of the Method-
James, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Leon, Sioux
ist Church, the United Methodist Women, and
Falls, South Dakota; Robert Wichita, Kansas;
a 71-year member in the Rebekah Lodge.
and Dorothy, Chicago, Illinois. She has 12 grand-
Currently Nellie resides at Good Samaritan
children, 16 great-grandchildren, and five great-
Village and is still very active in the affairs
great-grandchildren.
there.
Beulah died on March 22, 1989, at Bethany
Governor George Mickelson presented a
Lutheran Home which had been her home for
Century Citizen plaque to her on April 18, 1988,
the past five years.
at Good Samaritan Village.
Nellie Harberts
Ida Christine Hildahl
Nellie at 102
years.
Nellie Busick was born in Belmond, lowa, to
Ida at 18 years.
Eliza and William Busick on August 2, 1886.
She lived in Belmond until she was two years
Ida Nelson was born in Minnehaha County
old, when her family moved to a farm nine miles
on October 28, 1887, and has been a resident of
north of Belmond, where land sold for $2.00 an
Minnehaha County all of her life. Her mother,
acre!
Christine Anderson, came from Norway and
Times were hard, and entertainment con-
settled in Minnehaha County around 1870. Her
sisted of anything that didn't cost money. Her
mother met Nels Benedick Nelson, also from
father played the violin, and the neighbors would
Norway, in Minnehaha County. They were
come to their house to dance and visit. They also
married in 1877. N. B. Nelson was one of the
held basket socials and spelling bees for fun.
first police officers in the Sioux Falls area. Ida
Nollie's father raised cattle and always took
was the first of their seven children, six girls
them to the Chicago market to sell, a practice
and one boy.
common in those days. When she was nine years
Ida attended Longfellow School in Sioux
old her father bought her a beautiful glass ball
Falls through the eighth grade. She enrolled in
she could hang on the Christmas tree. It became
the Sioux Falls Typesetting School and upon
her prized possession and she still has it today.
completion of that course, she worked for the
MCCROSSAN
RANCH
30
YEARS
OF
SERVICE
1947 - 1977
PREFACE
As McCrossan Boys Ranch observes the thir-
tieth year of its founding, it is appropriate that
we dedicate our new building in the name of
Adolph Lodmell.
A trusted friend of our original benefactress,
he was one of the initial trustees of the
McCrossan Foundation. Adolph Lodmell has
labored unstintingly and voluntarily for these
thirty years to insure the realization of our
founder's vision of just such a facility that has
become a reality.
The pages of this booklet are designed to
provide a brief history of the ranch, its program,
its growth and its hopes. It is a tribute not only to
Adolph but also to the trustees and directors
past and present and all the men and women
who have helped achieve the humane and prac-
tical goals set for us by a great and good lady.
Finally, it is an invitation to all to join in active
support of the mission of McCrossan Boys
Ranch
to "provide a home where boys find
new hope for a better life."
Henry T. Quinn
President, Board of Trustees
McCrossan Boys Ranch
OUR FOUNDER
Mrs. Melinda Bell McCrossan
A native of Sioux Falls born in 1869, Melinda Bell McCrossan was
widowed at the age of thirty-five with the passing of Bernard
McCrossan, owner of a successful fruit and vegetable wholesale firm
in Sioux Falls.
Mrs. McCrossan moved to Amarillo, Texas in 1918 where she
purchased a large ranch on the outskirts of that city. Although a Tex-
an by adoption, her heart remained in her home state and with its
people.
In 1947, while on one of her many trips to the city of Sioux Falls,
she gathered together a few trusted friends and advisors and, with
their help, established the McCrossan Foundation.
McCrossan Boys Ranch is a memorial to her husband. It is also a
memorial to her infinite compassion and love for children.
The ranch remains today as a standard of caring for all those who
have and will share in the growth and stability of this essential haven.
IN WHOSE NAME WE
DEDICATE LODMELL CENTER
Adolph Lodmell
Adolph Lodmell was born in Sioux Falls, attended Washington
High School and is a graduate of the American Institute of Banking
and the Realtors Institute.
Mr. Lodmell devoted forty-eight years of his working life to the
banking industry, retiring in 1967 with the title of Vice President and
Senior Trust Officer of the Northwestern National Bank of Sioux
Falls. He is currently engaged as a realtor.,
He has been president, secretary and treasurer of both the Sioux
Falls Chapter of the American Institute of Banking and the Sioux
Falls Board of Realtors; member, National Executive Council of the
American Institute of Banking; and chairman of the National Public
Affairs Committee of that institute. He has served as a member of the
Realtors Washington Committee of the National Association of
Realtors and secretary of the South Dakota Association of Realtors.
Mr. Lodmell has been active in church work as chairman of the
Board of Membership and Evangelism, served as a member of the
Council and is trustee and treasurer of the First Lutheran Church
Foundation of Sioux Falls.
He has served, or is serving, as a member of the board of direc-
tors of Dow-Rummel Village; president, trustee and treasurer of the
McCrossan Foundation and director and treasurer of McCrossan
Boys Ranch. He was one of the original trustees of the Foundation.
Mr. Lodmell is currently a member of Downtown Kiwanis, Elks,
Y.M.C.A., Sioux Falls Board of Realtors; South Dakota Association of
Realtors and National Board of Realtors; "Alltimers," American
Institute of Banking; Honorary Member of the Sioux Falls Chapter of
the American Institute of Banking; President of the Banco Pioneers,
Sioux Falls Chapter; and Member of the Sioux Falls Chamber of
Commerce.
He and Mrs. Lodmell (nee Gertrude Jorgensen) reside at 2605
West 28th Street in Sioux Falls. They have one child, two
grandchildren and one great grandchild.
LODMELL CENTER
Lodmell Center is the newest permanent addition to McCrossan
Boys Ranch.
It will serve as critically needed administrative space, apartment
units for staff members whos work require residence on the ranck
grounds, and most importantly, as individual housing for older boys
who will soon be leaving to assume their place in the mainstream of
society.
Living here, away from the semi-dormitory life of the cottages, a
boy will have the essential opportunity to experience a much greater
degree of personal responsibility, thus making the transition to
private life more likely to result in success.
A special tribute is appropriate for the many hours of planning and
actual on-site construction supervision provided by McCrossan
trustee and board member D. Wayne Sutherland. Mr. Sutherland
has actred in this volunteer capacity in the construction of all perma-
nent brick buildings on the ranch.
On the following page are the other permanent buildings with the
names of those to whom they are dedicated and the year of their
completion.
THE PHYSICAL FACILITIES
WIH
11
CB
Wayne 1972.
1966.
Sioux Residence Cottage sixteen Dedicatedys.
Mathers Lodge, 1968, in memory
of Ida Caille Mathers, friend of
McCrossan Boys Ranch.
Residence for 20 boys.
Livestock Center, 1975. In
Industrial Arts Center, 1972. In
memory of trustee Roy Hobson.
memory of Inga Ulrickson.
THE BOYS
Mc CROSSAN
BOYS
RANCH
THE McCROSSAN PROGRAM
(To Help The Boy Help Himself)
At McCrossan, each boy is treated as an individual. His personal
problems and needs are the concern of each member of the staff
who helps the boy work things out on a "one-to-one" basis.
This is supplemented by group discussion of common and in-
dividual problems under the direction of well trained and experienc-
ed senior staff members.
Each boy is quickly brought to the clear understanding that he is
now responsible for his own actions regardless of his age or the cir-
cumstances of his past. Privileges at the ranch are earned
they
are not taken for granted.
Education, and its obvious benefits, is heavily stressed at
McCrossan. Special needs are thoroughly assessed and individual
attention is liberally given to be certain the boy is motivated to
achieve his own maximum potential as a public school student.
Productive work is considered a vital part of the boys' total learn-
ing process. In both "on ranch" and "in town" jobs, each boy is firmly
and fairly impressed with the need to accept direction and achieve
definite goals as a responsible worker.
Weekly attendance at a church of each boy's choice is required.
The boys are accompanied by members of the staff.
THE STAFF
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR:
At McCrossan Boys Ranch, respon-
sibility for the performance and opera-
tion of all departments of the ranch is
that of the Executive Director. His
responsibility includes a constant per-
sonal awareness of the progress and
activities of each individual boy and the
day to day supervision of all ranch
employees.
The current executive director is
Walter Schaefer, who assumed that of-
fice on July 1, 1970.
Our first executive director was Jerry
Mayer ('55-'57). Mr. Mayer subsequent-
ly has achieved distinction in the field of
education and has served as a South
Dakota State Senator.
WALTER SCHAEFER
CHILD CARE SUPERVISOR:
Working in close relationship with
the executive director is the Child Care
Supervisor, Jerry Faris. His respon-
sibilities include supervision of all
residential counselors, coordination of
the recreational program, oversight of
the boys' activities off the ranch, handl-
ing special discipline situations
referred to him by counselors and con-
ducting weekly group discussions with
staff and boys in each of the three cot-
tages.
JERRY FARRIS
Other Staff Members
BART KULL
Development Coordinator
ROBERT SCHAEFER
Maintenance Supervisor
PAUL SCHAEFER, B.A.
Business Manager
CORWIN BIEBIGHAUSER, B.A.
Farm Manager
MARY DAUGHERTY, B.A.
Caseworker
CARL HOVEY, B.A.
Livestock Supervisor
RITA ROEDER, B.S.
Caseworker
BARBETTA CRAWFORD
Kitchen Staff
TOM BECK, B.S.
Residential Counselor
ANNETTE QUALSETH
Kitchen Staff
MARLIN BULTENA, B.S.
Residential Counselor
TERRI WALLENSTEIN
Kitchen Staff
DAN DEAL, B.S.
Residential Counselor
COLLEEN AHLQUIST
Laundry
LINDA FREED, B.S.A.S.
Residential Counselor
DALE KLUTMAN
Driver
NOLA HERN, B.A.S.W.
Residential Counselor III
NORLAND HOFER
Vehicle Serviceman
JOE MORGAN, B.S.
Residential Counselor
LINDA BOGENHAGEN
Secretary
DOUG SEINER, B.S.
Residential Counselor
CONNIE FINCHER
Secretary
LYNN HUSBY, B.A.
Guidance Counselor
ROBIN GARTZKE
Secretary
CHARLENE KAPPLER, B.S.Home-School Counselor
CAROL WOLTJER
Secretary
THE
a
WORK &
BOYS
SCHOOL
BRIEF HISTORY
OF McCROSSAN BOYS RANCH
"One only keeps what one has given away."
That was the advice of the mother of Melinda Bell McCrossan
when "Linnie" was a child, and that's really where the history of
McCrossan Boys Ranch begins.
The child that was to become the founder of the boys ranch later
met a man of similar philosophy, Bernard "Barney" McCrossan.
They married, and he established a very successful wholesale fruit
and vegetable business in the city of Sioux Falls. Every Christmas
hundreds of children would converge on his downtown company
building and come away laden with candy and nuts to brighten an
otherwise sparse holiday.
List
WILL
MOTCO
13198
In 1904, Barney McCrossan died; and in 1918, his wife left Sioux
Falls and settled near Amarillo, Texas where she purchased a large
ranch. Although she spent the rest of her life there, she always main-
tained a soft spot in her heart for Sioux Falls and those in need.
During one of her many trips north to Sioux Falls, Mrs. McCrossan
met with a handful of trusted friends and advisers. On October 1,
1947, she directed that a trust be established for the purpose of
creating a home for the aged or some other similar need in the Sioux
Falls area. The original trustees were Adolph Lodmell, Roy Hobson,
M. T. Woods, Wayne Sutherland, and Francis Regan, all Sioux Falls
business and professional men. She placed Sioux Falls property
valued at $140,000.00, including a half-section of farm land near
Sioux Falls, in the trust at that time. Two years later, in 1949, the
trustees, in concert with Mrs. McCrossan, deemed that the greatest
need was a home for boys. In 1953, the trustees formed the
McCrossan Foundation, Inc., a corporation with M. T. Woods as its
first president.
Subsequently, Mrs. McCrossan, seeing the need for a greater in-
put of funds, turned over a section of land she had purchased for her
ranch on the edge of Amarillo to the trust account of the McCrossan
Foundation. This gift brought the total endowment to the sum of
$831,000.00. She directed that the interest from this money be used
to bring into being a "home where boys could find new hope for a
better life."
Later in 1953, the McCrossan Board of Directors purchased four
buildings from the former Sioux Falls Air Force Base that had been
used during World War II for hospital units. This purchase was made
and the buildings moved to foundations on the highest ground of the
land provided by Mrs. McCrossan, eight miles northwest of Sioux
Falls.
Contractor Ingvald Sogge worked with the board in site selection
and directed the placement and renovation of the original wooden
buildings.
With this work completed, the Board of Directors employed, on
June 4, 1955, Mr. Jerry Mayer as the first administrator of the ranch.
Mr. Mayer has since become a prominent Sioux Falls educator and
state senator.
On June 26, 1955, the dedication ceremonies for the established
ranch were held. Mrs. McCrossan flew to Sioux Falls from her
residence in Amarillo to take a principal part in the activities that of-
ficially marked the beginning of a dream she had nurtured for many
years. Four months later, the ranch accepted placement of the first
two boys. Less than one year later, on September 25, 1956, Melinda
McCrossan passed away in Amarillo at the age of 87. She had made
certain that the boys ranch would continue as a living memorial to
her husband under the thoughtful direction of a dedicated Board of
Directors.
As more boys arrived at the ranch, a barn was constructed with
the help of the Sioux Falls Elks Club. In 1958, the Board authorized
the opening of the second of three wings of the housing unit. This
required the installation of a kitchen. and dining room. Up to this
time, the meals for the boys had been prepared by the Director's
wife in their apartment. The cost of this expansion was augmented
by a generous donation from the Sioux Falls American Legion on the
urging of Mr. Peter Coris, an active Legion member. Additional
equipment and labor was donated by various individuals.
May 8, 1959, was a red letter day at McCrossan Boys Ranch. Our
first boy marked the end of his stay at the ranch with his graduation
from high school. To this day, all boys at the ranch attend public
schools in Sioux Falls, Baltic, and Lyons. Learning to function
successfully in a public school setting is considered a vital aspect of
the task of returning a boy to his community prepared to achieve
success in a normal society.
During the following years, a great number of problems were en-
countered by the Directors. Many times the temptation was great to
simply abandon the whole thing. As trustee and Board Member,
Adolph Lodmell, explained, "Each time we became discouraged, we
recalled our responsibility to the wishes of Melinda McCrossan and
the fulfillment of her dream and forged ahead."
In 1962, the Board approved the admittance of a limited number
of girls on a trial basis to stay in the home of the Director and his wife.
This was soon discontinued. By this time, there were 19 boys in
residence at the ranch. Problems were multiplying and the Board es-
tablished a Board of Regents to assist and advise them. The original
regents selected in 1964 were Peter Coris, Ward Whitwam, Harris
Watson, Lloyd Eagan, Dr. Stephen Brzica, Mildred Paulson Robin-
son, Howard Svendsen, and Milton Husby, all Sioux Falls area
business and professional people.
As the mid-sixties approached, it became apparent that if the
ranch was to continue to expand, state licensure would be required.
To meet the standards of the state, permanent brick buildings would
have to be erected as housing for the boys. Provisional licensing was
granted by the state on September 1, 1965; and two months later,
the Board approved construction of the first permanent building.
Construction was begun; and on September 1, 1966, permanent
licensing by the state was granted with the approved number of boys
set at 48.
On October 23, 1966, the first brick cottage building was
dedicated. It provided housing for 16 boys. Governor Nils Boe,
speaker of the event, told the gathering, "May we each dedicate
ourselves to make a stronger effort to understand and offer a help-
ing hand to all our young people."
The helping hand of McCrossan Boys Ranch continued to be
offered to a growing number of boys from throughout the area. A se-
cond brick cottage for 20 boys was completed by Christmas of 1967.
Mrs. Ida Caille Mathers, a long-time friend of the ranch, left a be-
quest to carry on the work of serving the needs of our boys. Mrs.
Mathers had been an active member of the McCrossan Boys Ranch
Auxiliary which was established in 1966 by Mrs. Mildred (Hugh)
Robinson of Sioux Falls. The year 1970 brought Walt Schaefer to
McCrossan as director. He has served in that capacity to the present
day.
The sister corporation to the Foundation, McCrossan Boys Ranch,
Inc., was established on June 28, 1971.
In December, 1971, the ranch suffered a serious setback when fire
destroyed the barn which had been constructed in 1957. Lost in the
fire were nine calves, six purebred Belgian horses, a quarter horse,
and a donkey. The cause of the fire was never determined.
The following year, on October 29, 1972, the third permanent boys
cottage was dedicated in the name of D. Wayne Sutherland of Sioux
Falls. This new building included housing for 24 boys plus dining and
kitchen facilities. It marked the closing of the original wooden
buildings as quarters for our boys and work to dismantle the old
buildings was begun. McCrossans was authorized to serve the
needs of 60 boys.
In the autumn of 1973 the barn, which had burned two years
earlier, was replaced on a new site at the ranch with an all-metal
livestock center. It is dedicated to the memory of long-time trustee
and board member, Roy Hobson.
Also in 1973, our Industrial Arts Center was completed. It is
dedicated to the memory of Inga Ulrickson of Canton.
In this 30th anniversary year of the founding of a trust for the pur-
pose of serving the needs of boys, the Board of Directors of
McCrossan Boys Ranch and the Trustees of McCrossan Foundation,
Inc., will observe the opening of our newest building. The two-story
structure will provide apartments for staff who must live on the
ranch. Apartments will also be set aside for a few of the older boys so
they can experience individual living before leaving the ranch to
begin life "on their own." It will also provide space for administrative
offices.
To count the innumberable pitfalls and challenges that have faced
those in whose charge the goal of Mrs. McCrossan was placed would
be pointless. Sufficient to say, they have been encountered and
overcome. McCrossan Boys Ranch stands today as a living and
respected symbol of one woman's philosophy that "one only keeps
what one has given away."
It is a symbol, too, of the fact that in our highly materialistic society
there are still those who care about the quality of life of those in
need. The vastly rewarding and necessary work of "providing a
home where boys can find new hope for a better life" will continue
because there are among us those who find great reward in helping
others to help themselves.
TRUSTEES
HENRY T. QUINN
ADOLPH
D. WAYNE
LLOYD
WILLIAM
President
LODMELL
SUTHERLAND
EAGAN
HOBSON
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Reading top, left to right: Henry Quinn, Richard J. Auld, Bob Bennis,
Lloyd Eagan, Howard Svendsen, William Hobson, Milton Husby,
Eldon Hasche, Bob Ode. Front row: Richard Lauer, Jesse Gourley,
Shirley Halleen, Mrs. W. O. Knight, Mrs. Sam Papas, Adolph
Lodmell, Harris Watson, President. Not pictured: D. Wayne
Sutherland.
FORMER TRUSTEES
Roy J. Hobson, Francis M. Regan, M. T. Woods, Russell R. Green-
field.
THE McCROSSAN LADIES AUXILIARY
Established in September, 1967, by Mrs. Mildred (Hugh) Robinson,
the 47 member Auxiliary has figured prominently in the development
of the ranch. 1977 officers: President, Mrs. Sam Papas; Vice Presi-
dent, Mrs. Nels Westwick; and Secretary-Treasurer, Mrs. Carol
Woltjer.
"A HOME WHERE BOYS
FIND NEW HOPE
FOR A BETTER LIFE."
CANADA
O
SOUTH DAKOTA CENTENNIAL WAGON TRAIN
Eastern Division
On November 2, 1989, South Dakota will be celebrating its 100th
anniversary of statehood. In celebration of this special date and year,
many activities, events, and projects either are or have been held.
One such project is a Wagon Train which traveled throughout the
state during 1989, the Centennial year. This Train was comprised of
two divisions; an Eastern Division representing the citizens of eastern
South Dakota, and a Western Division representing those in the western
part of our state.
Walter Schaefer, ACSW, Executive Director of McCrossan Boys Ranch,
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, was appointed and served as Wagon Master for
this statewide event.
The Western Division departed from Philip, South Dakota, on June
5, 1989, and traveled approximately 850 miles before concluding at Ft.
Pierre on August 13. Co-Assistant Wagon Masters for the Western Division
were Dick Jedlicka and LaVon Shearer of Wall, South Dakota.
McCrossan Boys Ranch boys and staff served as Assistant Wagon Master
of the Eastern Division. More than 100 wagons departed with the Eastern
Division when it began its 1,764 mile journey at Elk Point on May 10,
1989. With a schedule encompassing 115 consecutive days, (99 of which
were actual traveling days), the Eastern Division of the train concluded
at the South Dakota State Fair in Huron on August 29, 1989.
The Wagon Train remained in encampment at the State Fair during
the entire week and paraded the fairgrounds daily. The "final drive"
was on September 4, the last day of the '89 State Fair.
Either the Eastern Division or the Western Division of the Train
visited each county seat in South Dakota during its journey this summer.
In conjunction with this, special recognition ceremonies were held in
front of each county courthouse.
The Centennial Train, and each Division thereof, was conducted by
individuals who have past experience in similar projects to their credit.
Wagon Master, Walter Schaefer, and the boys and staff at McCrossan
Boys Ranch have an extensive portfolio of prior wagon train experience.
In 1975 and 1976, the State of South Dakota commissioned Walt and the
McCrossan boys, staff, and draft horses to pull the South Dakota Bicentennial
Wagon more than 2,000 miles from the North Dakota/South Dakota border
to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in celebration of our nation's 200th birthday.
Each consecutive year since 1977, the McCrossan personnel have organized
and directed a three-day wagon train journey from the Ranch campus to
Prairie Village near Madison, South Dakota, with Walt as Wagon Master.
In 1986, Walt and the McCrossan boys, staff, and horses participated
in a six month, 3,028 mile wagon train journey in an irregular circle
around Texas as part of the Texas Sesquicentennial Celebration. They
have also been involved in several other wagon train experiences in this
state. Many of the McCrossan livestock that participated in these previous
wagon train journeys and/or their offspring pulled the wagons and walked
the Centennial Trail in South Dakota during 1989.
An added feature on the Eastern Division of the Centennial Wagon
Train was the Centennial School Wagon. This was a cooperative project
between the South Dakota Education Association and McCrossan Boys Ranch.
The wagon, with approximate dimensions of 8' by 39', was pulled by Belgian
draft horses as it rolled down the "trail" with the other wagons comprising
the Eastern Division of the Wagon Train. As the wagon train made its
historic journey throughout Eastern South Dakota, more than 9,800 students
and approximately 1,900 adults from each school district along the route
had the opportunity to attend school in the SDEA-McCrossan, Boys Ranch
Centennial School Wagon.
Participation in the Centennial Wagon Train was open to all individuals
who wanted to join the Train from the entire trip, a short period of
time, or part of a day. By the time the Eastern Division of the Train
arrived at the State Fair, more than 370 horse-drawn units and over 31,000
individuals had actively participated in his Centennial project.
OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER
Sioux Falls
OF FINANCE AND REVENUE
224 West 9th Street
A Good Thing Going
Sioux Falls, S.D. 57102
in South Dakota
(605) 339-7203 Voice
(605) 339-7039 TDD
August 28, 1989
Ms. Stacy DelGrosso
Off. of Int. Govt. Affairs
Old Executive Office Bldg.
Rm. 163
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Ms. DelGrosso:
The people of Sioux Falls and the State of South Dakota
are looking forward to the visit of President Bush. Enclosed
please find some information about our community.
I would also like to pass along to you some added infromation
about Sioux Falls.
-Sioux Falls is expecting a record-breaking year in building
permits for the second year in a row
-Sioux Falls is home to the nation's largest stockyards.
Mr. Bush visited the stockyards last year as Vice-president
-Sioux Falls was recently rated the 95th best city in the
United States in which to live
-Sioux Falls recently exceeded 100,000 people
As you can see, Sioux Falls truly is "A Good Thing Going".
If there is ever anything more that I can do for you
please feel to give me a call.
Sincerely,
Matt Staal
Matt Staab
Exec. Assistant
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
S.D. crop
reports
John Ranek
FTS-782-4235
Dave Eritson 605-773-4259
S.D. Division of Forestry
andover, S.D. pop. 89
tied for smallest Tree City in US ?
24 Tree Cities in the state
incl. Siona Falls + all cities over 10K
acreage of trees planted up over last 2
years after years of decline
Reforestation under way in Black Hills
after fine last year.
State Program - "Pheasant for F veryone"
pay $80- 100 an are for tre culturation
& phasent habitals)
100,000+
people
GfG
FALLS
BUSINESS
Sioux Falls South Dakota's largest city,
They built a sawmill, a stone house, and
again reached a population equal to
lies in the southeastern corner of South
a store, on what is now Phillips Avenue.
that of eleven years before.
As the Indians became less hostile in
Dakota at the junction of U.S. Interstate
The first white woman to establish
1869, the military post was moved 65
Highways I-29 and I-90. The City of near-
residence in the Sioux Falls area was a
miles north of Sioux Falls to Medary.
ty 85,000 is situated on the banks of the
Mrs. Goodman who, with her husband,
Many settlers came to the City and
Big Sioux River and a natural falls from
was among the settlers who arrived in
engaged in business. In the fall of 1873,
which its name is derived. Sioux Falls en-
the Spring of 1858. With the rumors of
a census showed 593 inhabitants. The
joys low taxes, good government and a
Indian uprisings, the residents of
first public school was taught in 1873,
high quality of life; but the city's greatest
Galesburg and Sioux Falls constructed
and a year later the first school building
asset is its people. A friendly, active and
Fort Sod. The record states that "thirty-
was erected, with one teacher
well-educated population have made
five men and one woman" held the Fort
presiding.
the city what it is a comfortable, pro-
during the acute state of hostilities. Mrs.
gressive and productive city.
Goodman made a large flag out of old
The Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis, and
flannel shirts, and the "Stars and Stripes
Omaha, was the first train to enter Sioux
Historical Review
waved proudly over the old Fort." The
Falls (December 18, 1879). The Rock
defenders held the Fort until the Indians
Island Line was completed that far on
A handful of sturdy pioneers and a little
again quieted, but this Indian scare caus-
October 25, 1886. With the disap-
trading post near the falls of the Big
ed many of the settlers to move back to
pearance of frontier ways, Sioux Falls
Sioux River marks the recorded history
Sioux City, lowa, which materially
began early to be satisfactorily govern-
of Sioux Falls. In November, 1856, Ezra
reduced the population of Sioux Falls.
ed and policed. The advancement of
Millard and David M. Mills were
the City has never been of a spasmodic
employed by the Western Town Com-
In 1858, the Dakota Land Company sent
variety which had characterized so
pany to take possession of a 320-acre
a printing press, a printer, and an editor,
many Western communities. Since
from St. Paul, Minnesota. This press had
tract of land contiguous to the falls.
1876, the development has been a con-
Shortly thereafter, the Dakota Land
printed the first newspaper in Dubuque,
tinuous growth, keeping pace with that
lowa, in 1836, and was able to make
Company of St. Paul, Minnesota,
of the rich farmland of the surrounding
another first: when the newspaper, 'The
secured a townsite just south of the
area.
Democrat' was published in Sioux Falls
Western Town Company. Although
The Sioux Falls of today is a growing,
representing rival groups, these two
on July 2, 1859.
progressive and dynamic City, rapidly
communities worked together with one
In April of 1862, Company A of the
approaching a population of 85,000. It is
purpose in mind - to establish a city
Dakota cavalry, was stationed at the
a major retail and wholesale distribution
and develop the prairie wilderness for
Falls, and in August of that year, a great
center, and growing in importance as a
future settlers. Therefore, the Indian
Indian uprising on the Minnesota fron-
midwest industrial city, with over 135
term "Dacotah" meaning "friendly" ap-
tier killed many settlers which promp-
manufacturers. The crossroads of In-
plies to memebers of the group of set-
ted the territorial governor to order the
terstate Highways 29 and 90, High
tlers.
abandonment of these two settlements
Altitude Balloon Research, the South
on the Big Sioux River.
Dakota symphony, an expanding school
In August of 1857, the Western Town
system, the fabulous Great Plains Zoo,
Company sent another group from
For the next three years, Sioux Falls was
Sioux City, lowa. Ten men, including
a deserted townsite. On May 1, 1856; a1865
the Battleship U.S.S. South Dakota
Memorial, museums, and many more
D.M. Mills, brought a sawmill, tools and
military post, Fort Dakota, was establish-
accomplishments, qualities and
a large supply of provisions. Each of
ed on the site and in 1868, Minneahaha
facilities, make "Sioux Falls A Good
these men selected a claim for himself.
County was reorganized. Sioux Falls
Thing Going!"
Yoz -
474-5655
The
Division of Fourtry
National
paierre
Arbor Day
/
Foundation
Americans dedicated
Dave 605-73-1 Erisson 4259
to tree planting and
conservation.
87-88 Annual Report
A
legacy has come down to us
across a century. An enduring dream, a
dream of trees growing in beauty and
bounty to bless the generations of man. J.
Sterling Morton came to America's prairie
to find his destiny, and he found a vision
which can embrace the world. A vision
which, like trees themselves, is constantly
renewed and grows greater with the years.
A vision which he saw commemorated in a
holiday called Arbor Day, and upon whose
roots The National Arbor Day Foundation
was founded.
Today, more than 800,000 members and
supporters across the nation make the
Foundation's educational programs
possible. A national network of individuals
and organizations use these programs to
help further the cause of tree planting and
conservation in their own work. Mayors,
state and city foresters, and citizen
volunteers in hundreds of towns and cities
across America depend on the Foundation's
Tree City USA program to provide public
focus for community forestry. Teachers use
our educational materials to teach the
nation's children the rewards and
responsibilities of good stewardship.
Hundreds of television and radio stations,
the networks, and leading magazines rely
on the Foundation to provide public service
educational messages about trees and
conservation. County agents, soil
conservation districts, and thousands of
farmers turn to the Foundation for
educational information about planting
and caring for conservation trees.
The National Arbor Day Foundation's
official bimonthly publication, Arbor Day,
serves as an ongoing communications link
INSTERLING MORTON
with this network, informing and inspiring
1832 - 1902
tree planters and wise stewards throughout
the nation.
AVTHOROFARBOR DAY
Each year millions of trees provided by
the Foundation take root and thrive as a
living reminder that we, each one, have
responsibilities of stewardship. That we
are living links in a chain of humanity
stretching from the dimmest past into an
"I want to take this opportunity to
unknown future, and that we can make our
tell you bow much I enjoy my member-
future more certain by performing a simple
ship. Especially Arbor Day, which is
act: planting a tree.
not only lively and interesting, but
makes me feel I'm participating in an
enormous and worthwhile effort."
Karen Jescavage-Bernard
Selden, New York
1
Conservation
Trees
Americans are encouraged to
plant, manage, and save trees for
their conservation value through the
Foundation's Conservation Trees
program.
This comprehensive, multi-media
communications project includes
widely acclaimed public service
educational messages, demonstration
plantings, and high quality booklets,
bulletins, and periodicals.
CONSERVATION TREES
TM
T he Foundation's Conservation Trees program teaches millions of
Americans that trees are vital in conserving soil, energy, water and
wildlife.
A World WITHOUT Trees
A World WITH Trees
Blowing
Unprotected
Silty, Flood-
Sun-Baked
Rapid
Gullied
Protected
Sheltered
Natural
Shaded Homes
Forested
Productive
Soil
Farmsteads
Prone Rivers
Cities
Runoff
Farmland
Fields
Farmsteads
Streams
and Streets
Slopes
Farmland
Soil conservation districts, county ex-
lic service announcements which are
tension agents and state foresters re-
narrated by Eddie Albert.
quested and received more than
A special Conservation Trees issue of
850,000 copies of our Conservation
Arbor Day highlighted what promises to
Trees booklet for use in their programs.
be the greatest tree-planting effort in
The guidebook shows readers how to
America's history - the Conservation
use shade trees and windbreaks to save
Reserve Program.
energy, how to attract songbirds to their
yards, how to save trees during con-
struction, how to manage a woodlot or
tree plantation, how to save topsoil and
"The Foundation's World Without
help increase farm profits with shelter-
Trees and World With Trees pictorials
belts, and the right way to prune.
are the most understandable explana-
The National Arbor Day Foundation
tion I have seen of the value of trees to
distributed print "Conservation Trees
our society. I thank you for it."
Make the Difference" public service ed-
ucational messages which earned the
Barbara D. Moody
Vance Soil and Water Conservation
endorsement of the Advertising Council.
District. North Carolina
The campaign was featured in such
magazines as National Geographic,
Family Circle, People, and The
New Yorker.
The major networks, and hundreds of
radio and television stations across the
nation, aired the Foundation's "Conser-
vation Trees Make the Difference" pub-
3
Tree City USA
Tree City USA provides direction,
technical assistance, and public
recognition for urban and community
forestry programs. The U.S. Forest
Service and the National Association
of State Foresters play an active
part in implementating Tree City USA.
To be named as a Tree City USA,
a community must have a tree board
or department, a city tree ordinance, an
annual community forestry program,
and an Arbor Day observance.
®
TREE CITY USA
T ree City USA means more trees and better tree care in hundreds
of towns and cities that more than 45 million Americans call home.
CINZANO
TREE CITY USA
The Foundation certified 934 Tree City
"It was a great bonor to have Sacra-
USAs in 44 states and the District of
mento named Tree City USA. I know
Columbia - a new record.
that the interest generated by receiving
Tree City USA signs, flags, plaques,
this award will motivate us to con-
buttons, patches, and press kits were
tinue to do more each year."
awarded to certified communities. Spe-
cial awards were presented to commu-
Anne Rudin, Mayor
nities that marked their 5th and 10th
Sacramento, California
years of participation.
The Tree City USA edition of Arbor Day
"We are delighted with our recogni-
highlighted community forestry success
tion as a Tree City USA, and hope to do
stories and examined municipal tree-
justice to this accolade by our further
care issues.
efforts to plant trees. Many thanks for
The Friends of Tree City USA project
your encouragement and support."
was launched to involve civic leaders
Stephen R. Reed, Mayor
and citizens of towns and cities across
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
America in fostering improved tree
care, community forestry, and Tree
"Tree City USA has provided lots of
City USA.
great opportunities for our community
Our new publication Keep a Great
to put urban forestry in front of
Thing Growing America, Tree City USA
the public."
- which describes the importance of
trees in communities, good urban for-
Ron Coleman
estry practices, and the Tree City USA
Assistant to the Mayor
standards - was distributed to each
Ellisville, Missouri
state forester.
5
Trees For
America
Tree planting is the heart of The
National Arbor Day Foundation's
mission. To accomplish that mission
the Foundation distributes millions
of trees and publishes educational
materials which help Americans do
a better job of tree planting and care.
TREES
for
AMERICA
T he Foundation distributed millions of trees to hundreds of
thousands of tree planters all over America.
The Foundation distributed more than 5
television networks and stations across
million trees to hundreds of thousands
the U.S. The messages dramatize the
of tree planters throughout the nation.
renewing power of trees and encourage
More than 950,000 copies of The Tree
viewers to plant trees for the benefit of
Book were distributed nationwide. The
generations to come.
Tree Book contains tree, leaf, and blos-
som photos to help its users identify
trees; illustrated tree planting steps;
"Thanks for all of the high-quality
and a guide for planting windbreaks
trees that I've received from The Na-
and screens. It also features informa-
tional Arbor Day Foundation. I'm
tion about pruning shade, ornamental,
pleased to recommend membership in
and fruit trees; gives pollination re-
the Foundation to my friends."
quirements for fruit and nut trees; and
Sheila Henson
shows the hardiness zones for a wide
Smithland, Kentucky
assortment of trees.
The Tree of the Month features in Arbor
"I have enthusiastically borrowed
Day illustrated and described selected
material from the Foundation's pub-
nut, fruit, evergreen, flowering, and
shade trees.
lication for my outdoor education pro-
Tips about tree planting and care, as
grams. I support and believe in the
well as interpretive information about
Foundation's efforts to improve living
trees and forests, were highlighted in
conditions on our spaceship earth
Arbor Day's World of Trees feature.
through one of nature's many teachers,
ber trees."
New "Amazing Trees" public service ed-
ucational messages were produced by
Roger Lawson
the Foundation and aired by the major
Stillwater, Oklahoma
7
Celebrate
Arbor Day!
The Foundation's "Celebrate
Arbor Day!" program focuses
national attention on the importance
of wise stewardship.
Continuing a tradition begun
more than 115 years ago by J. Sterling
Morton, the Foundation recognizes
the good stewards of today and
educates the good stewards of
tomorrow.
CARBOR
Trees you forever
Arbor Day celebrations in schools and communities throughout the
nation, supported and encouraged by the Foundation, emphasize to
millions of Americans that tree planting is a personal demonstration
of stewardship.
The Foundation's first Trees Are Terrific
The National Arbor Day Awards recog-
education module titled "Arbor Day, A
nize outstanding tree planting, care, and
Celebration of Stewardship" premiered
conservation work. Twenty of America's
and was presented without charge to
leading tree planters were honored at the
more than 5,000 fifth grade teachers.
Foundation's annual Awards Banquet.
The multi-media module includes teach-
Their accomplishments were featured in
ing materials designed to help students
Arbor Day throughout the year.
understand how they can make a mean-
ingful personal contribution to wise
"Ob! What great excitement there is
stewardship.
in the Sargent First Grade. Last week
Thousands of kindergarten through
we carefully studied our instruction
third grade children grew trees from
sheets and planted the seeds from our
seed and learned the importance of
"Grou Your Own Tree" kit. Today we
trees in their lives with the Founda-
have a window full of little trees. We
tion's "Grow Your Own Tree" multi-
can bardly wait for Arbor Day so we
media education unit.
can set them out.
More than 25,000 complimentary copies
"We especially liked the films about
of Celebrate Arbor Day!, our how-to
Carly Cardinal too. He seems like an
publication for Arbor Day celebrations,
old friend since we had seen him on
were distributed.
T.V. before. He made us stop and think
New "Trees Are Terrific" public service
of all the nice things trees do for us.
educational messages featuring Carly
"So thank you for bringing this fun
Cardinal were widely aired by hundreds
time to us and beauty in the coming
of television stations and the major
years to Sargent."
networks.
Mrs. Phylbert Johnson
First Grade Teacher
Sargent, Nebraska
9
J. Sterling
Morton Orchard
and Tree Farm
A national treasure is being preserved
in Nebraska City, Nebraska, the birth-
place of Arbor Day. The agricultural es-
tate of Arbor Day founder J. Sterling
Morton - the land and trees he loved -
now provides home and shelter for devel-
opment of a national resource and educa-
tion center dedicated to tree planting and
conservation.
The J. Sterling Morton Orchard and
Tree Farm, a National Historic Land-
mark, and Steinhart Lodge are main-
tained by the Foundation as a horti-
cultural demonstration and stewardship
education center.
Together they provide a place for the
Foundation to develop and test education
programs; a training center and meeting
ground for professionals and citizen
leaders working to meet conservation
and environmental challenges facing the
nation and the world; and a place for
members and others to see the best ex-
amples of tree use in conservation, recre-
ation, education, and commerce.
J. Sterling Morton
ORCHARD & TREE FARM
J
Sterling Morton Orchard continues to foster our founder's
dream of an America rich with trees.
Plans were developed and a fund-
The Foundation's first annual Member
raising program launched to create the
Weekend was a, resounding success.
National Arbor Day Center incorporat-
Members from 23 states gathered to
ing Morton Orchard and Steinhart
share in a program which featured
Lodge. A $716,750 challenge grant was
stewardship education and recreation
announced by the Peter Kiewit Founda-
set amidst the history and ambiance of
tion in support of the project.
the birthplace of Arbor Day.
Ongoing development of demonstration
windbreaks, field shelterbelts, a nut
tree arboretum, and production orchard
"While traveling back to our school,
operations further realized Morton's
I tape recorded the students' responses.
vision for the use of his property for
All of them bad a great day and
practical horticultural demonstrations.
learned a lot. The nature bike impres-
A program of Orchard tours, interpre-
sed several students. Some enjoyed
tive activities, and special events served
picking the apple, and others talked
thousands of schoolchildren and other
about the sorting machine. One stu-
visitors.
dent talked about the cider you gave
The Arbor Day Fair and Festival
them to taste and another enjoyed
marked the 116th birthday of the tree-
looking at the bees. It was a super way
planter's holiday.
for our handicapped students to get
Designed to provide a testing ground for
experiences that they have never
the Foundation's education materials,
bad before.
our nature day camp project gave ele-
"We will look forward to this field
mentary students an opportunity to
trip again in coming years."
study environmental interrelationships,
Lola Thiel
what J. Sterling Morton called "the
Prairie Lane Elementary School
unity of nature."
11
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1988
Auditors' Report
BALANCE SHEETS
June 30, 1988 and 1987
Board of Directors
National Arbor Day Foundation
1988
1987
Nebraska City, Nebraska
ASSETS
Dear Board Members:
Current Assets:
Cash
We have examined the balance sheets of National
$ 653,811
$ 207,058
Accounts receivable
20,919
3,807
Arbor Day Foundation as of June 30, 1988 and 1987, and
Accrued interest receivable
1,098
-
the related statements of activity and changes in fund
Inventory
70,523
82,613
balance, and changes in financial position for the years
Prepaid expense
149,066
7,763
then ended. Our examinations were made in accordance
Total current assets
S 895,417
$ 301,241
with generally accepted auditing standards and
Property and Equipment:
accordingly, included such tests of the accounting records
Property and equipment, at cost, less
and such other auditing procedures as we considered
accumulated depreciation of $328,222
necessary in the circumstances.
and $233,792. respectively (Note 2) 1,398,507
1,317,197
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to
Construction in Progress
121.729
-
above present fairly the financial position of National
Total assets
$2,415,653
$1,618,438
Arbor Day Foundation as of June 30, 1988 and 1987, and
the results of its operations and the changes in its
LIABILITIES AND FUND BALANCE
financial position for the years then ended, in conformity
Current Liabilities:
with generally accepted accounting principles applied on
Accounts payable and accrued
a consistent basis.
expenses
S 413,468
$ 527,994
Our examinations were made for the purpose of
Notes payable - Bank
55,000
I
forming an opinion on the basic financial statements
Deferred revenue (Note 3)
352,268
124,201
taken as a whole. The schedule of functional expenses is
Current portion of long-term debt
10,000
124,857
presented for purposes of additional analysis and is not a
Total current liabilities
$ 830,736
$ 777,052
required part of the basic financial statements. Such
Long-Term Debt Less Current Portion
information has been subjected to the auditing
of $10,000 and $124,857,
procedures applied in the examination of the basic
Respectively (Note 4)
38,833
247
financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated
Fund Balance
1.546,084
841,139
in all material respects in relation to the basic financial
Total liabilities and
statements taken as a whole.
fund balance
$2,415,653
$1,618,438
Ueberrhein & Associates, P.C.
STATEMENTS OF ACTIVITY AND
CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE
Lincoln, Nebraska
August 17, 1988
For the Years Ended June 30. 1988 and 1987
1988
1987
Revenues:
Membership dues
$5.568,900
$5,402,846
Contributions
865,997
958,517
Tree sales
2.196,031
1,506,012
Grants - Government (Note 6)
10,000
45,000
Grants - Foundation
-
20,000
Orchard, farm and lodge income
317,964
237,256
List rental income
80,677
98,192
Office rental income
16,279
19,168
Other income
32,448
20,588
Total revenues
$9,088,296
$8,307,579
Functional Expenses:
Tree City U.S.A.
$ 296,816
$ 234,150
Arbor Day
1.059,550
1,041,524
Conservation Trees
748,365
1,257,046
Trees for America
4,644,329
4,243,801
J. Sterling Morton Orchard
and Tree Farm
650,890
530,142
General and administrative
120,534
71,015
Membership development
785,867
862,416
Fundraising
77,000
116,574
Total functional expenses
$8,383,351
$8,356,668
Excess (deficit) of revenues
over expenses
$ 704,945
$ (49,089)
Fund Balance, Beginning of Year
841,139
890,228
Fund Balance, End of Year
$1,546,084
$ 841,139
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
12
these financial statements.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL POSITION
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN WORKING CAPITAL
For the Years Ended June 30, 1988 and 1987
Increase (Decrease) in Current Assets:
Cash
$ 446,753
$
(29,661)
1988
1987
Accounts receivable
17,112
(2,451)
Accrued interest receivable
Source of Funds:
1,098
-
Grant receivable
-
Excess (deficit) of revenues
(3,100)
Inventory
(12,090)
over expenses
$ 704,945
$
(49,089)
51,140
Add expenses not requiring the use of
Prepaid expense
141,303
(152,890)
working capital - Depreciation
95,419
75,553
Total
$ 594,176
$ (136,962)
- Loss on disposal
(Increase) Decrease in Current Liabilities:
of assets
789
3,579
Accounts payable and accrued
Funds provided by
expense
$ 114,526
$ (219,076)
current endeavor
$ 801,153
$ 30,043
Notes payable - Bank
(55,000)
-
Incurrence of long-term debt
53,000
Deferred revenue
(228,067)
-
31,104
Property and equipment
Current portion of long-term debt
114,857
(146)
sales proceeds
100
-
Total
$ (53,684)
$ (188,118)
Total sources of funds
$ 854,253
$ 30,043
Increase (decrease) in
Application of Funds:
working capital
$ 540,492
$ (325,080)
Additions to property and equipment$
177,618
$ 230,040
Construction in progress
121,729
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
-
these financial statements.
Retirement of long-term debt
14,414
125,083
Total funds applied
$ 313,761
$ 355,123
Increase (decrease) in
working capital
$ 540,492
$ (325,080)
SCHEDULE OF FUNCTIONAL EXPENSES
For the Years Ended June 30, 1988 and 1987
Program Services
Support Services
J. Sterling
Morton
General
Member-
Orchard
Total
and
ship
Total
Total
Item of Expense:
Tree City
Conservation
Trees for
and Tree
Program
Adminis-
Develop-
Fund
Year Ended
Year Ended
Salaries. payroll taxes
USA
Arbor Day
Trees
America
Farm
Services
trative
ment
Raising
June 30, 1988
June 30, 1987
and employee benefits
$ 33,270
$
24,952
$
16,636
$ 361.729
$213,990
$ 650,577
$ 34,797
$ 16,636
$ 8,318
$ 710,328
$ 555,770
Contract labor
-
-
-
4.878
-
4,878
257
-
-
5,135
925
Advertising and promotion
5,750
3,432
1,500
750
6,564
17,996
2.918
1.500
-
22,414
209,671
Printing and mailing
97,683
589,376
441,159
1.019,465
11,434
2,159,117
23,324
478,412
37,121
2.697,974
2,724,906
Photography
981
6,002
510
1,689
3,488
12,670
786
8
198
13,662
7,718
Travel and meetings
5,082
12,724
1,567
1,881
10,544
31,798
1,045
1,045
522
34,410
21,019
Professional services
37,879
73,288
26,025
19,098
65,617
221,907
11,833
10.923
10,743
255,406
225,651
Occupancy
3,452
3,452
2,588
34,518
3,452
47,462
1,726
1,726
863
51.777
50,316
Recognition material
49,433
4,942
-
-
642
55,017
-
-
-
55,017
56,546
Publications and educational
materials
250
17,592
82
-
776
18,700
8,714
-
-
27,414
-
Professional development
1,975
-
-
-
2
1,977
4,999
-
-
6,976
I
Newsletter
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
177,618
Farm crops and conservation
-
-
-
-
4,280
4,280
-
-
-
4,280
3,064
Taxes
-
-
-
-
5,250
5,250
2,675
-
-
7,925
8,027
Repairs and maintenance
349
349
262
3,488
28,744
33,192
175
175
88
33,630
30,217
Banquet
-
6,116
-
-
-
6,116
-
-
-
6,116
28,709
Arts festival
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
10,045
Tree purchases and
shipping expenses
-
-
-
2,393,344
-
2,393,344
-
-
-
2,393,344
2,246,445
Stock purchases
-
-
-
-
137,801
137,801
-
-
-
137,801
137,209
Computer services
I
14,571
14,571
236,510
328
265,980
11.678
14,577
-
292,235
207,140
Bank charges
I
I
-
46,470
25
46,495
722
-
I
47,217
53,411
Insurance
-
I
-
4,864
19,540
24,404
256
I
-
24,660
20,903
Telephone and utilities
584
579
292
6,355
19,483
27,293
611
292
148
28,344
20,582
Postage
58,944
293,298
241,990
457,287
5,217
1,056,736
1,366
259,897
18,742
1,336,741
1,403,614
Office supplies
1,029
1,029
771
16.830
2,144
21,803
858
514
257
23,432
17,083
Operating supplies
35
3,736
-
I
29,758
33,529
1,747
-
-
35,276
32,487
Dues and subscriptions
I
73
-
-
401
474
2,031
-
I
2,505
2,653
Interest expense
-
-
-
11,872
-
11,872
625
-
-
12,497
19,804
Bad debts
-
I
-
3.456
-
3,456
-
-
I
3,456
-
Depreciation
I
I
-
19,827
74,548
94,375
1,044
-
-
95,419
75,553
Equipment rent
-
251
-
-
301
552
2,025
-
-
2,577
2,493
Miscellaneous
120
3,788
412
18
6,561
10,899
4,322
162
-
15,383
7,089
Total for year ended
June 30, 1988
$296,816
$1,059,550
$ 748,365
$4,644,329
$650,890
$7,399,950
$120,534
$785,867
$ 77,000
$8,383,351
Total for year ended
June 30, 1987
$234,150
$1,041,524
$1,257,046
$4,243,801
$530,142
$7,306,663
$ 71,015
$862,416
$116,574
$8,356,668
TAX-EXEMPT STATUS, GOVERNANCE
The National Arbor Day Foundation is a nonprofit 501 (c) (3)
An advisory committee and a board of honorary trustees advise the
corporation. Contributions to the Foundation are tax deductible. When a
trustees on Foundation programs. The following were the trustees at the
member receives trees or other items from the Foundation as a result of
end of fiscal year 1987-88: Susan Seacrest, President; Dr. James
making a contribution or paying membership dues, only the portion of the
O'Hanlon, Vice President, President-Elect; Charles Chace, Secretary; Dr.
contribution or dues above fair market value of the items received would
Gary Hergenrader, Treasurer; Dale Bree; Senator Calvin Carsten; Mrs.
be deductible as a charitable donation for federal income tax purposes.
Lee A. Crayton Jr. (Carolyn); Jim Leuschen; Dr. Robert Livingston;
The Foundation's governing body is a ten member board of trustees.
Robert Lute, II.
13
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 SUMMARY OF
(NOTE 1 (CONTINUED)
NOTE 4 - LONG-TERM DEBT:
The maturity schedule for the
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES:
Accrued Vacation Liability -
Long-term debt consisted of the
remaining years is as follows:
Accumulated unpaid vacation pay is
following:
Year ending June 30, 1989 $10,000
The National Arbor Day Foundation
not accrued in the Foundation's
June 30
Year ending June 30, 1990 10,000
was incorporated under the
financial statements. At June 30,
Year ending June 30, 1991
10,000
Nebraska Nonprofit Corporation Act
1988
1987
1988, unrecorded unpaid vacation
Year ending June 30, 1992 10,000
on September 3, 1971. The purpose of
pay amounted to approximately
Note payable to
Year ending June 30, 1993
8,833
the Foundation is to engage in
FirsTier Bank and
$11,000.
NOTE 5 LEASES:
educational and charitable activities
Trust Company,
including officially promoting the
Income Taxes - The Foundation is a
The Foundation leases office and
Lincoln,
annual observance of Arbor Day;
non-profit organization. exempt from
Nebraska, at
storage space under an operating
creating an awareness and
income taxes under Internal
prime plus one
lease. The lease expires December 1,
appreciation of trees as a
Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3).
percent. Secured
1990. The base rental of $3,809 per
fundamental, renewable natural
However. activities which constitute
by inventory,
month has been adjusted for annual
resource; stimulating a world-wide
unrelated business income are
accounts
escalations to $4,230 per month.
program of tree and horticultural
subject to federal and state
receivable,
Part of the office space is sub-leased
planting and care; maintaining the
income tax.
machinery and
for $1,590 per month. Future
estate of Arbor Day's founder, the J.
equipment.
minimum operating lease payments
Sterling Morton Orchard and Tree
NOTE 2 PROPERTY AND
EQUIPMENT:
Matures January
to lease expiration is as follows:
Farm, as an environmental
7, 1993, payable
Year ending June 30. 1989 $45.708
educational resource.
Property and equipment consisted of
in monthly
Year ending June 30, 1990 45.708
the following:
Basis of Accounting - The financial
installments of
Year ending June 30, 1991 22.854
statements of The National Arbor
June 30
Estimated
$833 plus
The Foundation has an agreement to
Day Foundation have been prepared
1988
1987
Life
interest.
$48.833 $ -
lease Steinhart Lodge from the City
on the accrual basis. The significant
Land
June 30
of Nebraska City for a term of 99
accounting policies followed are
$ 315.382
$
315,382
years commencing June 1, 1985. for
1988
1987
described below to enhance the
Buildings
the total sum of $1. The Foundation
846.286
803.694 15-40 Years
usefulness of the financial
Note payable to
has the option to extend the
statements to the reader.
Leasehold improvements
FirsTier Bank and
agreement for an additional term of
38,962
2,390
5-31
Trust Company.
Expendable Restricted Resources -
99 years for the total sum of $1.
Farm improvements
Funds restricted by the donor.
47,739
47.739
10-20
Lincoln,
Since the lease term extends beyond
Orchards
Nebraska, at
economical life of the asset, the
grantor, or other outside party for
particular purposes are deemed to
32,757
32.757
20
prime plus one
Steinhart Lodge lease has been
be earned and reported as revenues
Furniture and equipment
percent. Secured
shown as a capital addition at a
445,603
349.027
5-8
by deed of trust
when the Foundation has incurred
value of $297,750. Steinhart Lodge is
Total cost
on Orchard and
expenditures in compliance with the
part of the J. Sterling Morton
$1,726,729
$1,550,989
Tree Farm and
Orchard and Tree Farm.
specific restrictions. Such amounts
Less - Accumulated depreciation
all accounts and/
received but not yet earned are
NOTE 6 GRANTS:
328,222
233,792
or contracts
reported as deferred revenue.
Total property
receivable.
During the years ended June 30,
Pledges - Legally enforceable
and equipment
Matured
1988 and 1987. grant income
pledges are recorded as receivables
$1,398,507 $1,317,197
February 22.
consisted of the following:
in the year made. Pledges for
NOTE 3 - DEFERRED REVENUE:
1988.
$
-
$110,000
Grant
Grant
support of current operations are
Source
Purpose
1988
1987
recorded as operating fund support.
During the years ended June 30.
Contract payable
1988 and 1987. the Foundation
to Porter
U.S.
Pledges for support of capital
Depart-
projects are recorded as deferred
received a number of nursery stock
Orchard.
Nebraska City.
ment of Tree
amounts on the balance sheet until
orders after the cutoff for spring
shipping. Orders totaling $106,124
Nebraska.
Agricul- City
used for the indicated purpose.
Secured by
ture
U.S.A.
and $124.201 have been delayed for
$10,000
$45,000
Inventory - Inventory is valued at
shipment subsequent to June 30.
personal property
the lower of cost or market.
NOTE 7 - INCOME TAXES:
determined on a first-in. first-
1988 and 1987, respectively.
acquired.
Matured June
At June 30. 1988. the Foundation
out basis.
During the year ended June 30.
1, 1988.
-
8,000
has the following net operating loss
Property, Equipment and
1988, the Foundation received
contributions designated to match a
Capitalized lease
carryforwards, and unused
Depreciation - Property and
obligation due to
investment tax credits which may be
equipment acquisitions are
grant contingent on contributions
received for creation of the National
National Bank of
used against future unrelated
capitalized when obligations are
taxable income:
Arbor Day Center at J. Sterling
Commerce,
incurred for such fixed assets.
Morton Orchard and Tree Farm and
Lincoln,
Amount
Expiration Date
Donated property, significant in
Steinhart Lodge. As of June 30,
Nebraska, at a
Net operating loss carry forwards
amount, is capitalized at its fair
rate of 12%.
value when received. Depreciation of
1988, contributions amounting to
$ 82,287
June 30. 1999
$246,144 have been received for the
Secured by
271,807
June 30, 2000
buildings and equipment is provided
project. The grant requires matching
leased microfilm
$354,094
over the estimated useful lives of the
respective assets on a straight-line
contributions of $716,750 no later
equipment.
basis. When assets are retired or
than September 30, 1989.
Matured
Unused investment tax credits
May, 1988.
4,243
$ 3,757
Will be elimi-
otherwise disposed of, the cost and
Capitalized lease
nated by June
related accumulated depreciation are
obligation due to
30, 1991, per
removed from the accounts, and any
IRS Code Sec-
3M Co. Secured
resulting gain or loss is recognized
tion 49c.
by leased copier.
in income for the period. The cost of
Matured June,
maintenance and repairs is charged
1988.
-
2,861
to income as incurred; significant
renewals and betterments are
$48,833
$125,104
capitalized.
Less - Current
portion
10,000
124,857
$38,833
$
247
14
HONORARY TRUSTEES
ARBOR DAY DATES
STEWART UDALL
National Arbor Day is the last Friday
Chairman
in April.
Former Secretary of Interior
Many states observe Arbor Day on different
F. DALE ROBERTSON
dates according to their best tree-planting
Resource Chairman
times.
U.S. Forest Service Chief
EDDIE ALBERT
Alabama Last full week in February
Entertainer
Alaska - Third Monday in May
WILLIAM H. BANZHAF
Executive Vice President
Arizona - Friday following April 1
Society of American Foresters
(Apache. Navajo. Coconino. Mohave and
Yavapai counties): Friday following
ALAN BEALS
February 1 tall other counties)
Executive Director
National League of Cities
Arkansas Third Monday in March
DOUGLAS BEREUTER
California - March 7-14
U.S. Congressman
ROGER A. CARAS
Colorado Third Friday in April
Special Correspondent
Connecticut April 30
ABC TV News
Delaware Last Friday in April
DICK CAVETT
Entertainer
District of Columbia Last Friday
MRS. EUGENE A. DAVIDSON
in April
Great-granddaughter of
Florida Third Friday in January
J. Sterling Morton
J. JAMES EXON
Guam - First Friday in November
U.S. Senator
Georgia Third Friday in February
JOHN GUNTHER
Executive Director
Hawaii - First Friday in November
U.S. Conference of Mayors
Idaho - Last Friday in April
LADY BIRD JOHNSON
Stonewall. Texas
Illinois - Last Friday in April
BILL KRUIDENIER
Indiana Second Friday in April
Executive Director
Intl. Society of Arboriculture
Iowa Last Friday in April
JACK LORENZ
Kansas - Last Friday in March
Executive Director
Izaak Walton League
Kentucky - First Friday in April
J. MICHAEL McCLOSKEY
Louisiana - Third Friday in January
Chairman
Sierra Club
Maine - Third full week in May
MAXINE Mrs. Frank) MORRISON
Maryland - First Wednesday in April
Coordinator, National
Awards Ceremonies
Massachusetts April 28-May 5
DONALD K. NORTH
Michigan - Third full week in April
President
Burlington Northern Foundation
Minnesota - Last Friday in April
JAMES C. OLSON
Mississippi - Second Friday in February
-1. Sterling Morton
Biographer
Missouri - First Friday after the first
Tuesday in April
R. NEIL SAMPSON
Executive Vice President
Montana - Last Friday in April
American Forestry Association
ERNEST C. SHEA
Nebraska - Last Friday in April
Executive Vice President
Nevada Southern - February 28:
Nat. Assn. of Conservation Districts
Northern - April 23
WILLIAM D. TOOHEY
President. Travel Industry
New Hampshire Last Friday in April
Assn. of America
New Jersey - - Last Friday in April
R.E. -TED" TURNER
Chairman
New Mexico - Second Friday in March
Turner Broadcasting System
New York - Last Friday in April
LAURENCE D. WISEMAN
President
North Carolina - First Friday following
March 15
American Forest Council
North Dakota - First Friday in May
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Ohio - Last Friday in April
SUSAN SEACREST
President
Oklahoma - Last full week in March
DR JAMES O'HANLON
Oregon - First full week in April
Vice President. President-Elect
CHARLES CHACE
Pennsylvania - Last Friday in April
Secretary
Rhode Island Last Friday in April
DR GARY HERGENRADER
Treasurer
South Carolina First Friday in
December
DALE BREE
SENATOR CALVIN CARSTEN
South Dakota Last Friday in April
MRS LEE A. CRAYTON JR. (Carolyn)
Tennessee - First Friday in March
JIM LEUSCHEN
Texas - Third Friday in January
DR ROBERT LIVINGSTON
ROBERT LUTE. II
Utah Last Friday in April
Vermont - First Friday in May
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
GENE W. GREY
Virginia - Second Friday in March
VERN LIVINGSTON
Virgin Islands - Last Friday in
Chairman Emeritus
September
JOHN ROSENOW
Washington - Second Wednesday
Executive Director
in April
, CREG SMITH
West Virginia - Second Friday in April
Wisconsin - Last Friday in April
Wyoming - Last Monday in April
C 1988
National Arbor Day Foundation
15
-
tree lovers releat America
not only a fix-the-planet thing, it's
bringing the forest to the people.
jton Times 8/17/89
Trees have an integral role in the
nificantly," Mrs. Walker said. "Peo-
The American Forestry Associ-
quality of life."
fer Spevacek
A3
ple are nervous and looking to do
ation, a century-old group that pro-
Most pro-tree groups rely almost
STON TIMES
something themselves rather than
motes trees and forests, is trying to
exclusively on private funding and
I Reagan's view of trees as
relying on other agencies or the gov-
spread the movement with a "Global
volunteers, although local govern-
eric polluters is not shared
ernment."
ReLeaf" campaign, which has set a
ments have occasionally sought
owing number of organized
"Atlanta's air used to be sparkling
national goal of 100 million new
their services.
rs.
clean, and now it's getting grayer,"
trees planted on private land in
they claim that a massive
said Marcia Bansley, executive di-
cities and towns by 1992.
The city of Los Angeles turned to
e-planting campaign would
rector of Trees Atlanta, a non-profit
"We understand we're not going to
a local group, TreePeople, to plant a
million trees there before the 1984
n the air that American city
community group that has planted
solve the greenhouse problem with
eathe and might even curb
and tended several hundred trees in
trees," said spokeswoman Deborah
Olympics, and Trees Atlanta ac-
ous global warming trend.
downtown Atlanta.
Gangloff. But trees are part of the
cepted $150,000 from the local gov-
more trees we can plant in
solution for several reasons, she
ernment to plant willow oaks down-
In the fast-growing Atlanta sub-
town in time for the 1988 Democratic
reas the better," said Deb-
urbs, trees were disappearing at a
said.
Convention.
lker, associate director for
rate of more than 27 acres per day
Trees play a crucial role in taking
restry at the Trust for Public
between 1975 and 1985, Ms. Bansley
carbon dioxide and other pollutants
Finding people to do the job is no
San Francisco.
said, and "Atlanta had no trees down-
out of the air, she said. Carbon diox-
a problem, Ms. Bansley said. "Peo
d the well-known virtues of
town because, as we grew, they just
ide is one of the major causes of the
ple see the forest coming down fast
aesthetics, noise reduction
widened the boulevards."
greenhouse effect and also is a key
and they get very disturbed emo
Private tree-planting groups like
component of urban smog.
tionally and want to do something
ention of soil erosion- they
about it."
known to play a significant
Trees Atlanta have sprung up in
Another benefit is shade, which
cleaning dirty city air, said
cities across the country in recent
conserves the fuel needed for air-
People respond well to the idea ol
lker, whose organization in-
years, in part because of deteriorat-
conditioning, Ms. Gangloff said.
planting trees because, unlike SO
nine California community-
ing air quality and fears of global
Three well-placed trees around a
many other environmental causes
ee groups.
warming after record-breaking
house can provide enough natural
"it's a very positive program," Ms
1 the impetus of global
summer heat waves in 1987 and
cooling to reduce air-conditioning
Gangloff said. "We're not boycotting
g, activity has picked up sig-
1988.
bills 10 or 15 percent, she said.
anything or protesting anything."
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE
2
32ND STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1989 The Washington Post
March 29, 1989, Wednesday, Capital Edition
SECTION: METRO; PAGE B5
LENGTH: 394 words
HEADLINE: Md. Senate Passes Reforestation Bill;
Measure to Prevent Blockades at Abortion Clinics Also Approved
BYLINE: Howard Schneider, Washington Post Starr Writer
DATELINE: ANNAPOLIS, March 28, 1989
BODY:
The Maryland Senate, responding to the striking loss or woodlands to
development over the past 30 years, approved legislation today requiring
developers to replace many of the trees they cut down.
Although the measure will face a tough road in the House of Delegates,
supporters said its approval would be an important step toward improving the
water quality or the Chesapeake Bay and the state as a whole.
"The commons are being eroded
people are fed up," said state Sen.
Gerald W. Winegrad (D-Anne Arundel), the bill's architect.
In other action, the Senate rejected amendments from abortion opponents and
gave preliminary approval to a bill that would make it illegal to physically
block a person from entering or leaving a medical facility. Supporters said
abortion roes increasingly are using blockades as a way or discouraging women
from having abortions.
Winegrad said he filed the reforestation bill because U.S. Agriculture
Department surveys show the Washington suburbs have lost up to 50 percent of
their forest cover in the past three decades, the chief cause or the bay's
decline. Trees act as a filter, sopping up pollutants that otherwise run quickly
into creeks and rivers.
Winegrad's bill would Corce anyone cutting more than an acre of trees to
replace them on other land on an acre-for-acre basis, or else pay as much as $
1,000 an acre into a state reforestation fund. Agriculture and timber
harvesting would be exempt.
The bill had COME under intense assault over the past week, but senators
passed the measure 32 to 14.
Meanwhile, senators voted 28 to 19 to send the abortion access bill to final
approval later this week. Sponsor Barbara A. Hoffman (D-Baltimore) said the bill
protects the rights or abortion protesters. "But no one has the right to block
anyone from receiving the medical attention they chose to seek," she said.
Sen. LEO Green (D-Prince George's), one or the Senate's leading opponents or
abortion, called the legislation "a very, very far-reaching bill, probably a
precedent for the country" and said it did not adequately protect protesters'
LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS® ®
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE
3
(c) 1989 The Washington Post, March 29, 1989
rights.
The bill would provide for a Tine up to $ 1,000 or imprisonment up to 90
days. The House has passed similar legislation, and the differences probably
will be worked out in a conference committee. Starr writer Robert Barnes
contributed to this report.
TYPE: MARYLAND NEWS
SUBJECT: MARYLAND; STATE SENATES; URBAN DEVELOPMENT; TREES; ABORTION;
DEMONSTRATIONS
LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® NEXIS®
10 Halt Climate Change, Scientists Try Trees
A Feel-Good-Theory:
battle to overcome the widespread destruction
In one of the first concrete actions, the Amer-
Foresters press efforts to
of tropical forests taking place in Brazil, Indo-
ican Forestry Association, a citizens' conserva-
A Smile Affects Mood
nesia and other developing countries. Experts
farm fast-growing trees to
tion organization, has undertaken a national
are nevertheless working hard to find effective
campaign aimed at planting 100 million new
ways to stimulate the growth of new forests in
absorb carbon dioxide.
trees in American cities and towns by 1992. Al-
every part of the world.
though that is just a tiny fraction of all the trees
The activity is taking place on a variety of
By DANIEL GOLEMAN
NYT
7-18-89
in the country, proponents of the effort see it as
fronts.
Continued on Page C6
UTTING on a sad face or a
By WILLIAM K. STEVENS
smile directly produces the
feelings that the expres-
S
CIENTISTS, foresters, environmental-
An Appetite for Carbon
sions represent, according
ists and Government officials are seri-
to a new theory of how emotions are
ously exploring the feasibility of an am-
Atmospheric
Respirated
The metabolism of
produced.
bitious long-term enterprise: planting
carbon dioxide
oxygen
This view elaborates on ideas pro-
enough trees around the world to ease the threat
trees depends on the
posed more than a century ago by
of global warming.
intake of the chief
Charles Darwin and William James,
The goal is unlikely to be realized dramati-
greenhouse gas,
the philosopher and psychologist. It
cally or quickly, if ever, but rather in incre-
carbon dioxide, by
holds that facial expressions are not
ments, tree by tree, plot by plot, field by field.
chloroplasts in the
just the visible sign of an emotion, but
Nevertheless, fundamental facts of nature have
Chloroplast
actually contribute to the feeling it-
leaves. They convert
self.
convinced a number of experts that widespread
the carbon in the gas
planting of trees, along with conservation of ex-
The theory does not propose that fa-
into sugars and
isting forests, is one of the surest, easiest and
cial expressions are more important
least expensive ways to begin to halt or even re-
starches used to make
than thoughts or memories in
verse the buildup of carbon dioxide in the air.
the trunk, bark, leaves,
prompting emotions. But it points to
roots, etc. The
the physiology of facial expression as
Carbon dioxide is the gas chiefly responsible
a cause of emotions in its own right.
for the greenhouse effect, in which heat from the
remaining oxygen is
The theory has been gaining grad-
Dr. Robert Zajonc
sun is trapped within the earth's atmosphere in-
released into the
ual support over the last decade
stead of radiating back into space. Dead trees
Carbon
among psychologists. Two of the
Facial expression, top, produced
atmosphere.
release carbon dioxide into the air. There it joins
strongest pieces of evidence were
by pronouncing "cheese," forced a
with even more carbon dioxide produced by the
published separately in scientific
smile and a pleasant feeling for
burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil. The com-
journals this month.
volunteers in an experiment on
bination, many scientists believe, is making the
In one, researchers found that sim-
mood and expression; mouthing
greenhouse effect more intense, future global
ply inducing people to place the mus-
"few" produced a bad mood.
warming inevitable and major climatic disrup-
cles of their face in the pattern of a
tions more likely.
given emotional expression elicited
that feeling. In the other, researchers
modest, though consequential. In lieu
But growing trees absorb carbon dioxide, stor-
showed that facial expressions af-
of any other strong feeling, the theory
ing the carbon part of the gas and releasing the
fected the temperature of blood flow-
holds, a given expression can induce
rest as oxygen. Foresters and environmentalists
therefore see large-scale tree planting not only
ing to the brain, providing a possible,
the mood it portrays.
although disputed, mechanism for
While the weight of evidence now
as one way to head off global warming but also,
regulating emotions.
strongly shows that facial expression
if carried out on a crash basis, as a possible
To be sure, no one suggests that
can influence mood, there is debate
emergency solution if warming should seem
about to get out of hand.
putting on a happy face can cheer up
over what physiological mechanisms
At the moment, the foresters face an uphill
someone who is in mourning. The ef-
might be involved, as well as just how
fects of facial expression are seen as
Continued on Page C9
The New York Times/Michael Rothman/July 18, 1989
ART
THEATER
BOOKS
Contemporary art
Setback for London
A South Korean's
museum in Chicago
effort to preserve
struggle to tell his tale
prepares to expand,
remains of Elizabethan
of love and hate with
ready or not. Page C13.
theater. Page C13.
Uncle Sam. Page C13.
of
18,
1989
To Halt Global Warming, Scientists Suggest Planting Trees
est is greatest, tax rates on cleared
Continued From Page C1
Dr. Roger Sedjo, a forestry expert
land are lower than those on forested
dioxide emitted by a new generating
at Resources for the Future, an inde-
plant at Uncasville, Conn.
qUndertaking large-scale tree-
land, said Kenneth Andrasko, the
pendent research organization in
an important beginning.
chief forest analyst for the environ-
Washington, has calculated that it
Virtually no one who has seriously
In an emergency,
planting programs on degraded lands
mental agency's climate-change
examined the question believes that
in the tropics, some of them denuded
Foresters are pressing experi-
would require $186 billion to $372 bil-
group. "It costs you money to keep a
planting trees would be a total solu-
lion, depending on land costs, to es-
mass reforestation
and abandoned after slash-and-burn.
ments in farming dense stands of
standing forest,' he said. Dealing
tion to the greenhouse problem. It is
4Establishing "plantations" of
fast-growing trees that suck up car-
tablish enough new forests to absorb
with political factors like this, it is
the 2 billion to 3 billion tons of carbon
generally seen as one strategy among
fast-growing trees, especially in third
bon dioxide at the maximum rate.
several.
might avert
world villages. The trees would be
Environmentalists are advancing an
widely acknowledged, is going to be
difficult.
poured into the atmosphere each
"There's no magic cure," said R.
harvested on a rotating basis in the
"offset" strategy, in which industrial
year. "We spend those kinds of
Neil Sampson, the executive vice
catastrophe.
hope that villagers would not then
companies would pledge to plant
Forests in the earth's temperate
regions take in as much carbon as
moneys on national defense every
president of the American Forestry
chop down wild trees.
enough trees to absorb the amount of
year," Dr. Sedjo said, while foresta-
carbon dioxide produced by new
they release, the E.P.A says. In the
Association. A number of measures
tion would be a one-time cost.
tropics, because more forests there
will be necessary "to start the trend
Trees as Crops
plants that burn fossil fuels. One such
The size of the job appears daunt-
are destroyed than are replanted,
swinging the other way," he said.
quested by Congress, is looking into a
In the United States, the Depart-
arrangement, widely viewed as a
ing, acknowledges Daniel J. Dudek, a
much more carbon dioxide is re-
senior economist at the Environmen-
These especially include weaning the
number of foresting measures that it
ment of Energy's laboratory at Oak
model, has already been undertaken
leased into the atmosphere than is ab-
world away from fossil fuels through
believes are feasible and that, when
Ridge is experimenting extensively
by a Connecticut company.
tal Defense Fund, a research and ad-
Over the last 18 months or so,
sorbed. But both regions could con-
better energy efficiency and shifting
combined, could make a significant
with what it calls "short rotation"
vocacy group, who has studied the
matter. The same is true of the over-
to alternative energy sources such as
dent in the problem:
plantations of fast-growing trees that
economists and ecologists have
solar power.
IPlanting up to 400 million trees in
are ready for harvest in 10 years or
stepped up their studies of which ap-
all question of global warming.
But the world essentially runs on
urban areas of the United States.
less. The idea is to apply agricultural
proaches might work and which will
Companies could
"When we consider solutions to the
fossil fuels, and the weaning is likely
Planted strategically around build-
principles to trees, rotating and har-
not, what is practical and what is fan-
problem, frequently people back
away," he said. "It's just too awe-
to be painful. Some experts say that if
ings, they not only would soak up car-
vesting them like crops.
ciful. Bills now before Congress seek
plant enough trees to
the pain proves too much to bear, and
bon dioxide but would also provide
Fast-growing plantations are con-
to promote reforestation both domes-
some, too large, and it will involve too
many painful sacrifices."
the world finds itself some years
shade to help reduce energy use in hot
sidered particularly attractive by
tically and abroad, and the Federal
offset the carbon
hence on the brink of climatic disas-
weather. The American Forestry As-
some experts because young, grow-
Environmental Protection Agency
But in fact, he said, there are ways
sociation's drive concentrates on this
ing trees absorb carbon dioxide at the
to break the problem down into many
ter, mass reforestation might be a
has undertaken an extensive study of
dioxide they produce.
relatively easy emergency measure,
option.
fastest rate. Mature trees absorb
how best to go about the job.
smaller, "sane steps" that can be
a stopgap that could buy two or three
9Offering American farmers in-
much less, and some scientists be-
Common, Atmospheric Pool
taken to "start down the long road of
decades of time. The trees would be-
centives to plant more trees on eroda-
lieve that it would be best to leave
developing alternatives and solu-
gin absorbing carbon dioxide im-
ble lands that have been set aside and
The task is not as simple and
tribute to the solution by planting
them alone, since they store large
tions." Dr. Dudek advocates the
straightforward as it may seem.
more trees, since all trees draw car-
planting of trees to offset new fossil-
mediately and would go on doing so
kept out of cultivation in the Conser-
amounts of carbon.
Most possible courses of action are
for 20 or 30 years or more.
vation Reserve Program.
bon dioxide from a common, world-
Young growth, on the other hand,
fuel plants as one of several steps in-
fraught with questions, difficulties
9Managing existing forests more
wide atmospheric pool.
could be harvested on a rotating basis
volving trees that are "so simple and
Proposals for Making a Dent
effectively to make them more dense.
and uncertainties. The expanding re-
The task of reforestation is also
and the wood substituted for coal and
so easy" that they would provide "a
The E.P.A. says the total mass of
search efforts are trying to answer
made difficult because of its sheer
kind of acid test about how serious we
"If we were to decide we had to do
oil in many applications. The theory
American forests could be increased
some questions, but many of the diffi-
scale. Scientists who have studied the
something quick, then a tree-planting
is that the trees still growing would
are about managing the greenhouse
60 percent in this way.
culties may prove intractable. In the
problem calculate roughly that to ab-
scheme might play a significant
absorb the carbon dioxide given off
problem."
third world, for instance, economic
9Reforesting 20 percent of the
sorb the carbon dioxide released into
role," said Gregg Marland, an envi-
by the wood that is burned. Because
'No Magic Cure'
United States' highway corridors.
and population pressures force mil-
the atmosphere by human activity, it
ronmental scientist for the Depart-
no fossil fuels are involved, the result
lions of people to cut forests for fuel
ment of Energy at the Oak Ridge Na-
gSubstituting traditional "agro-for-
would be no net increase in atmos-
would be necessary to plant enough
The model effort is widely consid-
and fodder. Large-scale development
ered to be the one announced last fall
tional Laboratory in Tennessee. Dr.
estry" for the slash-and-burn agricul-
trees to cover an area half the size of
pheric carbon dioxide.
also eats up much forest land, both in
Marland was one of the first to study
ture common in the tropics. In agro-
the United States, or more. This area,
by an electric utility in Connecticut,
Another step being considered is
forestry, which has operated for hun-
the third world and industrialized
AES Thames. The company, a sub-
reforestation as a possible solution to
putting as much of the harvested
according to another estimate, is
equal to about one-third that of the
sidiary of Applied Energy Services of
the greenhouse problem.
dreds of years in some countries,
countries. Taxing policies in some
wood as possible into long-lived prod-
crops and trees are planted together.
countries provide perverse incentives
world's combined croplands. Each
ucts such as houses, where the carbon
Arlington, Va., is helping to pay for
Although most people are focusing
Tree branches and leaves are cut for
to clear forests.
year, the E.P.A. says, an area the size
would be sequestered for years. The
the planting of 52 million trees on
for now on relatively modest begin-
fertilizing mulch. By contrast, slash-
In Brazil, one of the countries
of Tennessee is cleared in forests in
forestry association has commis-
plantations and small farmers' plots
nings, there is no lack of suggestions.
and-burn agriculture uses ashes from
sioned studies to determine the effec-
where destruction of the tropical for-
the tropics.
in Guatemala to offset the carbon
The E.P.A., in an investigation re-
burned forests as fertilizer.
tiveness of this measure.
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3/21/89
Mr. Schuler:
Re: Thousand Points of Light Project: Johnny Appleseed.
Per your request, I have set forth below a proposal for
a "thousand points of light" project involving President
Bush by which he might effectively promote volunteerism as a
means of accomplishing worthwhile public and charitable
objectives. This would focus on Johnny Appleseed as an
historic example of one "very bright point of light" and
would involve a presidential visit to northcentral Ohio.
I. Thousand Points of Light.
Ever since last summer's Republican National Convention
in New Orleans, George Bush, as Republican nominee,
President-Elect and President, has often compared the
volunteered efforts of countless numbers of people on behalf
of others to a "thousand points of light." The President's
emphasis on volunteerism as a principal means of improving
America has proven popular with citizens across the country.
President Bush should continue to make his call to
volunteerism a hallmark of his domestic policy.
II. Johnny Appleseed.
Johnny Appleseed, one of the most highly recognizable
figures in American history, must be regarded as a
particularly conspicuous "point of light." Born John
Chapman near Springfield, Massachusetts in 1775, he, at the
age of twenty-eight, moved to the vicinity of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania and commenced there his life's work: raising
apple trees for the benefit of others. In 1806, he headed
westward, taking with him pouches of apple seeds from western
Pennsylvania cider mills. Upon reaching central Ohio he
began to plant apple seedlings in nurseries he established
and fenced along America's then outermost frontier.
Eventually, these orchards of apple trees provided fruit for
pioneers at a time when they most needed a ready source of
food. He often traveled great distances to tend his various
orchards. During these journeys he was never molested by
the Indians (frequently hostile to other whites) who also
benefited form his plantings nor, it is said, by wild
animals. Johnny Appleseed's clothes consisted of an old
coffee sack with holes cut out for his limbs and neck and a
flat tin pan that sometimes served as a hat. It is said
that "his goodness, unselfishness and child-like simplicity
endeared him to all." Although he was a pacifist, he
apparently aided settlers during the War of 1812 who were
threatened with Indian attack. When he learned of one such
pending onslaught, that against the struggling hamlet of
Mansfield, Ohio, he voluntarily traveled all night through
unbroken wildness to Mount Vernon where he alerted the
larger settlement's militia of the impending emergency.
In 1838, Johnny Appleseed moved from Ohio to the area of
Fort Wayne, Indiana where he continued his good work. He
died there in 1847 while on one of his frequent pruning
trips to a nearby orchard. Long before his death, Johnny
Appleseed had become a legend, and a hero, to American
pioneers not only in Ohio and Indiana but across the
remainder of the American west. He has come to stand as a
symbol of civic virtue, volunteerism and altruism. In 1966,
he was honored with an United States commemorative postage
stamp.
III. Linkage.
President Bush should focus on the life of Johnny
Appleseed as a way of emphasizing the importance of
volunteerism in American society. While not everyone can
devote himself to others to the same extent as did Johnny
Appleseed, nearly everyone has the ability, in one way or
another, to help those less fortunate improve their lives
and with them the whole of the nation. Johnny Appleseed's
personal philanthropy, his deep concern for others, his
dedication to improving the world all provide compelling
evidence for the worthiness of being one of a "thousand
points of light."
IV. Tree Plantings.
One way to further extend the linkage between Johnny
Appleseed and President Bush's call to volunteerism would be
to connect it to tree plantings and, if timely, to Arbor
Day. President Bush, during the 1988 campaign, remarked
that the year's hot summer may have been nature's way of
reminding us of the need to better manage the way
civilization impacts the environment. Much attention has
been paid since to the "greenhouse effect" and the supposed
harmful buildup in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide which
causes the retention of heat within the environment. One
way to counter the abundance of carbon dioxide is to
encourage the growth of trees which take in the gas and
replace it with oxygen. So important are trees to the
environment that the deforestation of many areas of the
world is often cited as one major factor in producing the
greenhouse effect. This has prompted some, like Los Angeles
Mayor Tom Bradley, to call for the massive planting of trees
as a means to purge the environment of many harmful
substances. President Bush might take this opportunity to
himself urge the widespread planting of trees by
individuals, as well as governments, as a way of improving
the environment. Johnny Appleseed planted apple trees to
make the land more hospitable to settlers; individuals
planting trees across America would potentially improve the
quality of the atmosphere and lessen the harmfulness of the
greenhouse effect. Perhaps as importantly, it would be a
means of encouraging individuals to assume a measure of
responsibility for their environment and for the betterment
of their fellow citizens.
V. Events.
One of several communities in northcentral Ohio might
provide an excellent location for a presidential visit
focused on Johnny Appleseed, volunteerism and the
environment. This is so because of his association with the
area, the picturesque quality of its cities and villages (an
important consideration for media events) and its high
Republican index. The following should be considered for
such an event:
Ashland is a small city of about 20,000 some
sixty miles south of Cleveland. Johnny Appleseed
lived in Ashland County, of which Ashland is the
county seat, for many years. A large state park
south of the city has extensive forests
representing the fruition of conservation work
begun in the 1930s. Ashland is advantaged in
having a high percentage of Republicans but has
been visited by George Bush rather recently.
o
Mansfield is a larger community of 56,000
and is about half way between Columbus and
Cleveland. It was the community, then very
small and struggling, aided by Johnny Appleseed
when it was threatened by Indian attack during
the War of 1812. Mansfield has many more
Democrats (and fewer Republicans) than either
Ashland or Mount Vernon. It also may provide a
less visually pleasing backdrop to a presidential
visit.
Mount Vernon is the county seat of Knox County
about 50 miles northeast of Columbus. It has
a population of some 16,000 and is highly
Republican. Johnny Appleseed resided in the area
and is believed to still "own" two town lots.
Since these have been taken by the Kokosing River,
which has changed its course, the lots remain in
his name. It was to Mount Vernon that he sought
help from the militia when Mansfield was
threatened. Mount Vernon is very picturesque;
its town square with Civil War soldiers' monument
and Victorian fountain would make a highly
appropriate setting for such an event. Also,
Mount Vernon has never been visited by an
American president thus elevating the potential
significance. Finally, a chamber of commerce
project has resulted in the planting, by
individuals, of many thousand dogwood trees in the
area over the past twenty-five years.
I hope this proposal proves helpful. Please let me
know if I may be of further assistance in developing any
aspect of this memorandum or in executing any projects which
might evolve from it.
SCG Stephen C. George
March 21, 1989
ATY
Teddy Rossebelt
ARBITRATION
ARCHITECTURE
r im-
crous
May 6, 1908.) Mem. Ed. XXIV, 333; Bishop
historian. The best archaeologist ought to be a
prac-
II, 283.
man whose books would be as fascinating as
IC in-
Thucydides or Tacitus, Gibbon or Macaulay; as
Mem.
ARBITRATION. See also HAGUE CONVEN-
fascinating and as fundamentally truthful as
TIONS; HAGUE TREATIES; INTERNATIONAL
Herodotus himself. (Outlook, September 30,
DISPUTES; LEAGUE FOR PEACE; LEAGUE OF
1911.) Mem. Ed. XIV, 55; Nat. Ed. XII, I74-
ГЕД.
NATIONS; NEUTRALITY; PEACE; TREATIES.
175.
ished
1 trea-
ARBITRATION, INDUSTRIAL. See IN-
ARCHAEOLOGY. See also HISTORICAL
I with
DUSTRIAL ARBITRATION.
KNOWLEDGE; INSCRIPTIONS; PRIMITIVE So-
epted.
CIETY.
nce to
ARBOR DAY. Arbor Day (which means sim-
m ar-
ply "Tree Day") is now observed in every State
ARCHITECTURE. Mere copying, mere imi-
:, the
in our Union-and mainly in the schools. At
tation is as thoroughly unworthy in architecture
1 fleet
various times from January to December, but
as in every other branch of art and life. We
-Japa-
chiefly in this month of April, you give a day
need to profit by everything which has been
er 4,
or part of a day to special exercises and perhaps
done in the past, or is now being done, in other
II, 31.
to actual tree-planting, in recognition of the im-
countries. We need always to adopt and develop
portance of trees to us as a nation, and of what
what we adopt, and, if possible, ourselves to de-
BRIT-
they yield in adornment, comfort, and useful
velop what is new and original or else what is
when
products to the communities in which you live.
indigenous to our soil. California and the South-
iversal
It is well that you should celebrate your Ar-
west generally have been particularly successful
re, for
bor Day thoughtfully, for within your lifetime
in thus developing the old colonial Spanish ar-
stralia
the nation's need of trees will become serious.
chitecture to our own uses; and in places the
de the
We of an older generation can get along with
southwestern people are now doing the same
of out-
what we have, though with growing hardship;
thing with the far older architecture of the
safe to
but in your full manhood and womanhood you
Pueblo Indians. The need of avoiding the aber-
If we
will want what nature once so bountifully sup-
rations of false or artificial originality must not
nt, we
plied and man so thoughtlessly destroyed; and
blind us to the fact that unless there is real
because of that want you will reproach us, not
originality there will be no greatness.
agree-
: keep.
for what we have used, but for what we have
To follow conventions merely because they
wasted.
I us to
are conventions is silly.
Let me give one
L ounce
A true forest is not merely a storehouse full
small instance; the lion, because of the way in
ton of
of wood, but, as-it were, a factory of wood, and
which his mane lends itself to use in stone, has
at the same time a reservoir of water. When
y Star,
always been a favorite for decorative purposes
I, 447;
you help to preserve our forests or to plant new
in architecture. He has in architecture become
ones, you are acting the part of good citizens.
universally acclimatized and there is no objec-
The value of forestry deserves, therefore, to be
tion to his use anywhere. But we happen to have
GER-
taught in the schools, which aim to make good
here on this continent, in the bison with its
clear to
citizens of you. If your Arbor Day exercises
shaggy frontlet and mane and short curved
y of ar-
help you to realize what benefits each one of
horns, a beast which equally lends itself to deco-
form in
you receives from the forests, and how by your
rative use and which possesses the advantage of
hat it is
assistance these benefits may continue, they will
being our own. I earnestly wish that the con-
rtheless
serve a good end. (Arbor Day message to
ventions of architecture here in America would
f good-
school-children, Washington, April I5, 1907.)
be so shaped as to include a widespread use of
1 have a
Mem. Ed. XVIII, 166-167; Nat. Ed. XVI, 127-
the bison's head; and in a case like that of the
128.
making
New York Public Library there would be advan-
asonable
tage from every standpoint in substituting two
e made.
ARBOR DAY. See also CONSERVATION; FOR-
complete bisons' figures for the preposterous
it in the
EST; TREES.
lions, apparently in the preliminary stages of
roviding
epilepsy, which now front on and disgrace Fifth
h an ex-
ARCHAEOLOGY. Archaeologists, in order to
Avenue.
ideration
reach the highest point in their profession,
There is good architecture, public and pri-
ples, and
should be not merely antiquarians but out-of-
vate, here in the United States, good architec-
g appeal
door men, and above all, gifted with that su-
ture of all types from the loftiest to the hum-
to both
preme quality of the best type of historian, the
blest, but it is over-slaughed by the mass of
quality of seeing the living body through the
accept an
poor architecture. If houses are built simply and
illiam II,
dry bones, and then making others see it also.
comfortably, and if each feature possesses a
In fact, this is just what the archaeologist is: a
definite and wholesome purpose, then, although
[25]
collections in Western American history,
law and in Plains Indians,
facilities are lacking.
The W. H. Over Dakota Museum at
of South Dakota is the most diver-
Presity features a large herbarium representing
Plains, a display of original Amer-
art (distinguished by the paintings
Howe), a collection of photographs
Plains in the 19th century,
and guns. The South
collections of In-
Dakota
was
first
of and Technology Mu-
was
enlarged
Geology specializes in mineralogy and
ogy, and the Adams Memorial Hall Mu-
Deadwood in mining history.
the Civic Fine Arts Association at Sioux
the South Dakota Memorial Art Center
tings exhibit paintings and graphics. The
features original works of the artist Harvey
TRAVEL DIVISION, SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS
outh Dakota
The Friends of the Middle Border Pio-
The Corn Palace in Mitchell, South Dakota, is the scene
at Rapid City
Museum at Mitchell specializes in imple-
of a festival held during the last week of September.
Spearfish.
and other items pertaining to the Middle
are Augustana
homestead era, made famous by the writ-
both at Sioux
Hamlin Garland. The Dacotah Prairie
and the Angostura Reservoir and Cold Brook
at Mitchell:
at Aberdeen contains Indian artifacts
Reservoir areas in the southwest.
nkton Colleg
itory and natural history exhibits.
Many of the parks and recreation areas in
Yankton. Tore
museums specialize in the collection
the eastern part of the state are situated on
ges and univer
artifacts and art forms. These include
lakes. In the northeast are Hartford Beach State
5,000 students
Touchel Memorial Sioux Indian Museum at
Park on Big Stone Lake, Clear Lake and Rich-
nancial proble
Francis on the Rosebud reservation, the Sioux
mond Lake recreation areas, and Roy Lake State
islature to order
Museum and Crafts Center at Rapid City,
Park, which is widely known for ice fishing in
titutions of
the museum at Wounded Knee on the Pine
winter. Fort Sisseton State Park preserves the
that resulted
reservation-the site of the massacre of
site of an old cavalry fort. It features a recon-
nerged others.
by the U.S. Army in 1890.
struction of the fort and a small museum. The
>ns for limitime
east central section includes, among others, Oak-
e of faculties
Phecreation
wood Lakes and Lake Herman state parks and
;her education
Lebre-time opportunities abound. Fishing is
Lake Louise, Lake Byron, Lake Carthage, and
are free to porter
ent on the Great Lakes" the year round
Twin Lakes recreation areas. In the south, Lewis
aployed at the
on western trout streams and eastern lakes
and Clark Lake and Lake Francis Case represent
or example,
spring to fall. Hunting also is excellent.
a virtual water wonderland with an ever-growing
y, psychology,
timen enjoy deer hunting in the fall, to-
number of well-developed recreation sites and
disciplines 13
with opportunities to bag pheasants, mi-
facilities.
fields of America
ducks and geese, and a variety of smaller
National Areas. Of the areas administered by
earch, and psyto
birds. Winter brings enjoyment of tobog-
the federal government, the most widely known
culty members
and skiing, as well as snowmobile recrea-
is Mount Rushmore National Memorial, just north
y provide acrior
on the open range. For summer, there are
of Custer State Park. It is made up of colossal
farmers. Profe
gening and picknicking sites in almost every
likenesses of four presidents of the United States
able for their
munity.
-George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abra-
es.
Several million guests go to the "Great Lakes"
ham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt-carved on
ians have not
year. Perhaps as many go to the smaller
the granite face of the mountain by the sculptor
benefits come
and to the streams in the Black Hills.
Gutzon Borglum. Adjoining the Custer park on
ome attend
prites are abundant both in state-developed
the south is Wind Cave National Park, which
I support from
and in areas maintained by the federal gov-
ms of the Johns
at the elementry
forests. along the "Great Lakes" and in the na-
FAMOUS RESIDENTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA -
Crazy Horse (1840?-1877), Oglala chief who led Teton
adian schools
ed by the fedex
Areas. The state has provided about a
Sioux in defense of Black Hills and died resisting
areas designated as parks and many others
arrest.
schools with
mated as recreation areas. Most of these are
Howe, Oscar (1915- ), Sioux artist; artist in resi-
dence at University of South Dakota.
ercentage of
part the state, but the western
Humphrey, Hubert H. (1911-1978), U.S. senator, vice
dian, and missi
and most spectacular of
president of the United States, and presidential
candidate.
niversities.
Park in the Black Hills.
Lawrence, Ernest O. (1901-1958), atomic physicist,
from school
in a rugged setting of forests and lakes,
winner of Nobel Prize in 1939.
ent qualificate
see one of the world's largest herds of
McGovern, George (1922- ), U.S. representative,
ags in the state
tain American bison, as well as elk, deer, and
U.S. senator, and presidential candidate.
Mellette, Arthur C. (1842-1896), last territorial gover-
ng
sheep and goats. Other features in-
nor and first state governor of South Dakota.
at
scenic drives, lodges, horse and hiking
Mundt, Karl (1900-1974), U.S. senator.
park zoo, and a museum with geologic,
Norbeck, Peter (1870-1936), reformer, governor of
is
South Dakota, and U.S. senator.
hore than
and forestry exhibits. The Game Lodge
Reifel, Ben (1906- ), prominent Brulé Sioux; ex-
Pierre serves
ecutive officer for Bureau of Indian Affairs and
al reference on
in 1927,
U.S. representative.
re are maintzing numes
occupied it for
Robinson, Doane (1856-1946), first major historian of
include Shadehill Recreation Area, on
areas in western South
South Dakota and the Sioux tribes.
state
Sitting Bull (1834?-1890), Hunkpapa chief who de-
Reservoir near the Nebraska border,
fended the Black Hills, led Teton Sioux into Canada,
and was killed during his arrest.
323
Era.
Eve
from
the trade 0
1
possession, nuri
and
Lisa
the
In Dinosaur Park, Rapid
industry. Many
models of prehistoric monsters
benefits, and soon
to the region. P
reminders that real dinosaurs
habited this area about 40
years ago.
Carpany
the Yellowstone up
& Dakota in 1831. ]
Prostone up the Mis
Ending post-Fort Pierr
to Fort Pierre-re
HERBERT LANKS, FROM BLACK STAR
Tecumsch. Accompany
Carge Catlin, later far
preserves a large limestone cavern decorated
disappeared before Europeans began writing
gails and tribal scenes.
with a variety of unusual crystalline formations.
tories of the region, information about them
By that time the U.
It is named for the strong currents of wind,
scarce.
the peace, protect
thought to be caused by changes in atmospheric
Earliest Written History. In the 16th center
magnition of U.S. SOV
pressure, that blow in and out of the cave.
the first society to be described in written
Teton Sioux. These
Jewel Cave National Monument, west of
ords moved in-the Arikara-and of these people
Living the 1820's throug
Custer park, contains a small cave notable for
scholars have written in detail. They move
Detota led by Col. Hei
calcite crystals that shine like jewels. Badlands
northward from Nebraska and set up village
Henry Atkinson and I
National Monument, to the east of the Black
along the eastern bank of the Missouri River
ther, the expeditions
Hills, extends over a wide area of South Dakota's
There for three centuries they prospered from
Stary strength. The S
spectacular Badlands. The headquarters at Cedar
agriculture and fishing, to the extent that the
med treaties by which
Pass on the eastern edge of the monument main-
maintained more than 30 earth-lodge villages asd
don to the flag of the
tains a visitor center with museum exhibits and
an army of 4,000 to protect the villages. But
The Sioux were spai
ranger-naturalists programs.
all their prosperity, they moved out of Soul
South Dakota wit
Other Places and Events. Residents and visitors
Dakota in the early 19th century because
from the East under th
in western South Dakota enjoy summer theater
other group that was to replace them-the Sioux-
1530, but before long t
at the Black Hills Playhouse, near Custer, where
had begun to arrive from timberlands to the ext
with farmers who
the University of South Dakota's drama group
Members of nearly all Sioux tribes were
nains. Thousands of
stages contemporary plays. An amphitheater
contact with one another at a yearly trade E
Upper Mississippi
near Spearfish is the scene of the Black Hills
along the James River. All were seminomade
NETO denied entry to th
Passion Play. Towns with varied attractions
They thrived on food obtained by hunting, gate
the Indian Trade and
reminiscent of wild frontier and mining days in-
ering, and planting across the Prairie Plains 11
which designated the a
clude Custer, Deadwood, Hill City, Hot Springs,
Great Plains. Their culture was distinguished
Walley to the Rocky M
sophisticated religious practices and political has
Indians. But when t
Keystone, Lead, and Rapid City. At Lead, vis-
itors may tour some of the surface workings of
its designed to meet the needs of seminomed
Filters increased suffici
the Homestake Gold Mine.
life. They enjoyed considerable achievement
Washington, D. C.,
Points of interest in the eastern part of the
art, crafts, and philosophy. Such was their OFF
wid back, the Indians
state that have not been mentioned include the
dition when a second epoch in South Dakots's to
say. At about midcer
fascinating rock palisades north of Sioux Falls;
recorded history opened with the arrival of
decupied forts in the
Spirit Mound near Vermillion, which served as
traders.
Incame a military post
European Claims and U.S. Acquisition. The feel
Mar Gen. William S.
a vantage point for Lewis and Clark as they
white men known to have entered what is
tradquarters south to
viewed the Prairie Plains; the picturesque gorge
of the Sioux River at Dell Rapids; and the site
South Dakota were the
makers moved out to P
of old Fort Randall near Fort Randall Dam. The
çois and Louis-Joseph La
the vicinity of THE Pierre in WE
centrate themselves at
Receive so that the covet
state fair at Huron is one of many events-fairs,
result of their expedition and others, France
Congress awarded S
rodeos, and traditional Indian ceremonies and
able to establish its claim to North America
1858 and thus made th
dances-held annually throughout the state.
territory west of the Mississippi River, known
attle for organization.
7. History
wars in Europe that spilled over into Not
Louisiana, over the rival claims of Spain.
Socials concluded a tr
waders by which the
Human history in South Dakota goes back
about 25,000 years. According to most anthropol-
America led France to cede its claim to Spain Spen
castern and Dakota. Chang
ogists, the first inhabitants were descended from
the Treaty of Fontainebleau in 1762, and
to prepare the way
Asians who entered the New World over the
in turn, to retrocede its claim to France Frze
small group of squ
then-existing Bering land bridge. They devel-
secret treaty in 1800. Three years later trey
around present Sioux I-
oped a society of hunters, who thrived on big
sold the territory to the United States in a
settlements that
President Thomas Jefferson in 1804 dispatded
were made at Yankton
game until they vanished about 5000 B. C. Then
action known as the Louisiana
another group of nomadic hunters appeared, and
1861, with the crea
Territorial Days. Ter
after it still another. Next, about 500 A. D., came
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on
a society of seminomadic Mound Builders, who
official mission of exploration. Their route to #
Pacific followed the Missouri River, and
Dakota and South Dak
then included tl
occupied the Prairie Plains for approximately
three centuries, and after them came ancestors
spent about two months of that year in follow
If
Wyoming. Settle
The Civil War d
of the modern Mandans. Because these groups
the river across South Dakota.
324
SOUTH DAKOTA: 7. History
325
Era. Even before U.S. acquisi-
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
from St. Louis had begun to
1743
the fur trade on land now within the
François and Louis-Joseph La Verendrye en-
tered what is now South Dakota,
of South Dakota. The fur trade
1793
St. Louis merchants formed a company to
possession, nuri trading posts appeared
proftable, and ous once the area became a
exploit fur trade in Upper Missouri Valley.
1803
France sold its lands west of the Mississippi
(which included present-day South Dakota)
and its tributaries. Among
to the United States.
Manuel Lisa was the most important
1804
Lewis and Clark Expedition explored South
the trade with his St. Louis
Dakota.
1809
Manuel Lisa organized St. Louis Fur Com-
and expanded it into a
pany to trade in Upper Missouri Valley.
industry. Many more followed to share
1825
Henry Atkinson and Benjamin O'Fallon ne-
Park,
gotiated peace treaties with Teton Sioux
rehistoric monsten Rapid
benefits, and soon they attracted other in-
tribes.
to the region. Pierre Chouteau, head of
1831
Steamboat service on Upper Missouri es-
hat real dinosave
brests western department of the American Fur
tablished by the Yellowstone.
area about 40
1832
Pierre Chouteau christened a new trading
Chespany introduced steamboat service when he
post, Fort Pierre; George Catlin began paint-
ellowstone up the Missouri River into
ing Sioux culture.
the Dakota in 1831. The next year he rode the
1856
Gen. William S. Harney laid out Fort Randall.
1858
Yankton Sioux leaders ceded southeastern
up the Missouri to christen a new
Dakota to United States.
beding post-Fort Pierre Chouteau, soon short-
1861
Congress created Dakota Territory.
to Fort Pierre-replacing the older Fort
1873
Dakota Southern Railroad opened between
Sioux City and Yankton.
Tecremseh. Accompanying him was the artist
1874
Members of expedition led by Gen. George
George Catlin, later famous for his Indian por-
A. Custer discovered gold in Black Hills.
1877
Sioux surrendered claim to Black Hills;
began writing
and tribal scenes.
gold rush reached peak; George Hearst
tion about them
By that time the U.S. Army had moved in to
formed Homestake Mining Company.
the peace, protect the fur trade, and gain
1878
Agricultural pioneers began rush for land
known as "Great Dakota Boom."
the 16th
erognition of U.S. sovereignty from the power-
1889
South Dakota became a state, Nov. 2.
ed in written
Teton Sioux. These ends were accomplished
1890
Massacre at Wounded Knee symbolized end
the 1820's through expeditions into South
of Sioux resistance.
nd of these
1916
Progressive Republican Gov. Peter Norbeck
tail. They
led by Col. Henry Leavenworth and by
began socialistic reforms.
d set up village
Menry
Atkinson and Benjamin O'Fallon. To-
1932
Farm organizations agitated to save South
le Missouri
the expeditions displayed considerable
Dakota farmers from foreclosure.
1934
Indian Reorganization Act changed govern-
y prospered
Bilitary strength. The Sioux were impressed and
ment and restored cultural activities among
treaties by which they gave token recog-
Indian tribes.
e extent that
1944
Flood Control Act provided for dams and
-lodge villages
to the flag of the United States.
lakes on the Missouri.
e villages. But
The Sioux were spared the hardship of shar-
1956
Democrat George McGovern elected to Con-
ved out of
South Dakota with the Indians removed
1960
gress. Ben Reifel became first American Indian to
ntury because
the East under the Indian Removal Act of
represent South Dakota in Congress.
them-the Slow
but before long they were forced to share
1970
United Sioux Tribes Development Corpora-
with farmers who coveted the lush Prairie
tion chartered to help members in relocat-
erlands to the
ing and finding jobs off reservations.
ux tribes were
Mains, Thousands of farmers assembled along
1972
Floods devastated Rapid City area; George
yearly trade
Upper Mississippi Valley. For a time they
McGovern nominated for presidency.
ere seminomada
denied entry to the Plains under the terms
by hunting,
the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act of 1834,
Prairie Plains
which designated the area from the Mississippi
ers away, and the Sioux uprising in Minnesota in
S distinguished
Valley to the Rocky Mountains as a reservation
1862 discouraged others. Then drought and
and political
Indians. But when the number of prospective
grasshoppers destroyed the crops, and a depres-
S of seminomada
attlers increased sufficiently to convince officials
sion (the Panic of 1873) set in.
e achievement
Washington, D. C., that they could not be
The later 1870's brought rushes both for gold
ch was their
back, the Indians were forced to clear the
and for land. In 1874 a military expedition led
n South Dakota of
At about midcentury, U.S. Army forces
by Gen. George A. Custer confirmed a rumor of
the arrival
accupied forts in the reservation. Fort Pierre
gold in the Black Hills, and prospectors began to
a military post in 1855, but in the next
rush in. But much of the Black Hills had been
quisition.
The
Gen. William S. Harney transferred his
granted to the Sioux, and when they refused to
red what is
adquarters south to Fort Randall. Treaty
sell either mining rights or the land itself, war
moved out to persuade the tribes to con-
broke out. Although they defeated Custer and
centrate themselves at various points within the
his men at the Battle of the Little Bighorn (in
re
in
1743.
so that the coveted lands could be opened.
present Montana) in 1876, their resistance was
hers, France America
Congress awarded statehood to Minnesota in
futile in the end, and they surrendered the Black
North
and thus made the lands to the west avail-
Hills in 1877. In the meantime, mining camps
River,
known
for organization. That same year federal
had sprung up at such now famous gold-rush
S of SpainNard
concluded a treaty with Yankton tribal
sites as Deadwood, Lead, Custer, and Spearfish.
over Spain
by which they ceded claim to south-
The rush for land known as the "Great Dakota
laim
to
to Dakota. Changes came in quick succes-
Boom" began in 1878. By the time both rushes
1762,
and
prepare the way for non-Indian pioneers.
came to an end, the Black Hills and the Prairie
to
France
1 ears later
Free
group of squatters settled temporarily
Plains were almost completely occupied.
B
present Sioux Falls in 1857. Soon after-
The newcomers established Anglo-American
States in a
settlements that were to be permanent
culture. They organized county government and
made at Yankton and Vermillion.
school districts and set up small industries,
1861, Territorial Days. Territorial government began
churches, medical facilities, and newspapers.
Clark
with the creation of Dakota Territory,
Meanwhile, the territorial government took
n heir route
Dokota then included the present states of North
shape. President Abraham Lincoln appointed Dr.
River, and
and parts of Montana
William Jayne, his physician and close personal
ear in followts
was sporadic for a
friend, as the first territorial governor. Jayne
War drew some would-be farm-
arrived in May-1861 to occupy executive quarters
result, many of them turned to the People's As
during the depression of the early 1890's.
SOUTH DAKOT
and in search of relief supported the party's party de.
Vermillion,
mands for free coinage of silver, a graduated
income tax, government ownership of railroads
Reversity and and and and Inversity and and and and
and other reforms. A Populist candidate, Andrew
in 1959, the S
in
E. Lee, won the governorship in 1896, but the
Republicans were successfully nationally that
1963.
year.
The univ
Thereafter, support for the People's
deteriorated rapidly, but Populist ideals survived party
divisions and
because the Progressive wing of the Republican
medicine; a
party soon put them to use. Enlarging their
school of law
ranks quickly as cattlemen and sheepmen moved
degrees are
onto the western range, the Progressives built on
courses in 1
the spirit of reform engendered by the People's
The univers
party. And when they came to power with the
and houses
election in 1916 of Peter Norbeck as governor-
vey. The li
and a legislature of similar persuasion-they put
South Dako
into force policies designed to suppress monopolies
school of n
and lower prices. The resulting reaction to the
cancer, hea
state indebtedness, together with better times
in the 1920's, brought back conservative leader-
SOUTH DAI
ship temporarily. But the conservatives were in
coeducation
THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE
office only a short time. The Great Depression
learning in
Deadwood, South Dakota, in 1876. Deadwood was one
imposed economic conditions that called for
as Dakota
of the most famous mining towns on the Western frontier.
officials who would be more prone than they
named So
to extend relief.
ture and
Once the economic depression passed, South
present na
-a log cabin at Yankton. His first official actions
Dakotans returned again to conservatism, and
The SC
included the taking of a census, establishment of
Republican candidates won most elections there-
in the sci
judicial boundaries, and creation of legislative
after. Voters felt no need for direct economic
and docto
districts. He then called for the election of a
relief or extensive reform. Instead, they were
of arts an
legislature.
preoccupied with the constructive achievements
sciences,
The first legislature convened in two private
of the state. Educational systems were reorga-
and pharn
buildings and a saloon during March 1862 and
nized and strengthened. County, state, and fed-
year prog
tension S
performed its most vital functions, which in-
eral roads were improved. Tourism became a
cluded determining the location of the territorial
offers ful
lucrative enterprise. The growth of professional
capital. Yankton and Vermillion were in contest
vices.
services, commercial operations, and welfare
for the honor. The legislature placed the capital
benefits were in keeping with national trends.
SOUTH-E
in Yankton and appeased citizens of Vermillion
Indeed, most South Dakotans enjoyed an ex-
with the promise that they would one day have
tended period of prosperity without precedent
SOUTH
the university. Because of that decision, the
They turned to more liberal Democratic leader-
Ohio, in
University of South Dakota is in Vermillion today.
ship in the early 1970's seeking not relief or
of the Ct
Other important developments in early terri-
general reform but rather officials who might re-
dential
torial years included the establishment of a land
organize tax policies and thereby raise funds to
Dame C
office at Vermillion and the opening of courts
perpetuate and enlarge programs already in
arts inst
there, the appointment of a superintendent of
progress.
Sout
public instruction, and the emergence of two
HERBERT T. HOOVER
1917 an
political parties. All these activities made Dakota
University of South Dakota
mayor
Territory attractive to settlers.
Highlights of the remaining territorial years
Berg, Francie M., South Bibliography Dakota: Land of Shining Gold
SOUTH
included the maturation of agriculture on the
Prairie Plains, the growth of mining in the Black
Burnett, Robert, The Tortured Americans (Prentice-Hall
(Flying Diamond Bks. 1982).
coeduc
Tampa
Hills, the construction of railroads (which reached
Cash, 1971). Joseph H., The Rosebud Sioux People (Indian Tribal
ty offe
Yankton in 1873 and Rapid City by 1886), the
Series 1971).
establishment of the range cattle industry on the
Cash, Joseph H., and Hoover, Herbert T., To Be an Indian
and CO
Great Plains, and partisan controversy in gov-
Deland, Charles E., The Aborigines of South Dakota (1906;
(Holt 1971).
ness a(
arts, m
ernment.
Statehood. Far more important, however, was
Hamburg, James F., The Influence of Railroads upon the
reprint, AMS Press 1977).
cial ar
fered
a movement for statehood, begun in 1879. It
Processes and Patterns of Settlement in South Dakota,
ed. by Stuart Bruchy (Ayer 1981).
gover
came to fruition when the Republican party made
Holden, David, Dakota Visions: A County Approach (Cen-
for th
it an issue in the presidential election of 1888.
Congress then drafted an omnibus bill to create
Karolevitz, Robert F., Challenge-The South Dakota Story
ter for Western Studies 1982).
(Brevet Press 1981).
SOUT
four states-North Dakota, South Dakota, Mon-
Lamar, Howard R., Dakota Territory, 1861-1889: A Study
Los A
tana, and Washington. The two Dakotas achieved
Miller, David B., Gateway to the Hills: An Illustrated His
of Frontier Policies (Yale Univ. Press
the Ce
statehood on the same day-Nov. 2, 1889.
tory of Rapid City (Windsor Pub. 1985).
muni
The last territorial governor, Arthur C. Mel-
Milton, John R., South Dakota (Norton 1977).
lette, became the first governor of the state of
Nurge, Ethel, ed., The Modern Sioux: Social Systems and
wood
Man
South Dakota, and the capital was located at
Schell, Herbert S., History of South Dakota, 3d rev. ed
Reservation Culture (Univ. of Neb. Press 1970).
plan
Pierre. The era began with controversy. South
South Dakota State Historical Society, South Dakota His
(Univ. of Neb. Press 1975).
ture,
Dakotans were among those most gravely affected
sport
by the collapse of beef and grain prices during
Vexler, tory R. I., South Dakota's Chronology and Factbook,
(quarterly).
and
the 1880's and among those who suffered most
Vol. 41 (Oceana Pub. 1978).
326
THE white HOUSE
washington
Gov. Bill Janklow
605-582-6439
Dechard Bissell 649=5482
George Ferris 429-3500
Susan Heas - USFS 447-3760
cal. 1988 Nat'l Forest land
293, acres of trees
Int. - 40,482
"
"
=
"
others 10,738
:
state - 85,000
& other govt.
private - other Foust Ind. " 1,372,141 17,000 " acreas
mon - indistrial/w. 1,5,75,000
printe $7%
state 2.55
Fed- 10%
total- 3,394,000 acress
Cooper Evens
increase in apart
1
of what com, soybons
list 4 years
2 phase - out of Jupenese
restrictions on beef
3 counter virling duty
on pork as/ Canada
(subsidies)
4. revial development
we have forgotten in DC
election over but n
DANIEL N. WENK
SUPERINTENDENT
MOUNT RUSHMORE
NATIONAL MEMORIAL
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
P.O. BOX 268
KEYSTONE. SD 57751
605-574-2523
Shrine of Democracy Sixty million years ago this land was in turmoil.
worked only as a sculptor. His fame grew, as did the size of his works.
Hills and mountains were being thrust up and gradually eroded.
In 1915 he was asked by the United Daughters of the Confederacy
On the nearly indestructible granite face of one of these peaks,
to carve a head of Gen. Robert E. Lee on Stone Mountain in Georgia.
Mount Rushmore, the heads of four American Presidents have been
Work did not begin until 1923, but some demands made by Borglum
carved in bold relief. These figures symbolize the birth and trials
soon led to his dismissal. The invitation to the Black Hills presented
of the first 150 years of the United States. Individually they represent
him with an opportunity to create a monument whose dimensions
the ideals of the Nation. George Washington signifies the struggle
would be "determined by the importance to civilization of the events
for independence and the birth of the Republic, Thomas Jefferson
commemorated." For this purpose a location other than the Needles
the idea of representative government, Abraham Lincoln the per-
was needed. After much searching Borglum selected Mount Rush-
manent union of the States and equality for all citizens, and Theodore
more because it was smooth-grained granite, its 6000-foot height
Roosevelt the 20th-century role of the United States in world affairs.
dominated the surrounding terrain, and it faced the sun most of
the day.
The Memorial Idea In 1923 Doane Robinson, the South Dakota State
historian, conceived the idea of carving colossal statues of romantic
Carving the Monument Work on the mountain began August 10,
western heroes such as Jim Bridger, John Colter, and Kit Carson
1927, the same day President Calvin Coolidge officially dedicated
on the granite formations known as the Needles in the Black Hills.
Mount Rushmore as a national memorial. Fourteen years were
The proposal had only moderate public acceptance, and at times
needed to bring the sculpture to its present appearance, but because
criticism of the project was severe. But Robinson was able to gain the
of delays caused by lack of funds and bad weather only 6½ years
influential support of South Dakota Senator Peter Norbeck and
were actually spent in carving.
Representative William Williamson. Slowly public opinion changed,
the memorial was authorized, and some funds were obtained to
In the early years private donations supported the project, but when
begin the work. Robinson invited the sculptor Gutzon Borglum to
more funds were required the Federal Government assumed full
the Black Hills in the autumn of 1924 to study the proposal.
financial responsibility. Federal appropriations accounted for
$836,000 of the $990,000 spent on the memorial between 1927
John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum was born in St. Charles, Idaho,
and 1941. In March of the latter year Gutzon Borglum died. His son
on March 25, 1867. He began painting at an early age, and in his
Lincoln, who had worked closely with his father on the monument,
early twenties sales of his works enabled him to study art in France
continued the project until funds ran out later the same year. Since
for several years. It was there, in 1890, that he began to sculpt. His
then no additional carving has been done, nor is any further work on
final paintings were completed in 1903, and from that time on he
the memorial planned.
These three photo-
of his nose. When the
drilled, and the remain-
graphs show steps in
carving was within
der of the rock wedged
the art of "mountain
about three inches of
off. The surface was
carving". After blasting
the finished surface,
then smoothed by
with dynamite, workers
the technique changed
"bumping." Gutzon
scramble over George
-shallow holes, three
Borglum, in his "swing
Washington's face to
inches apart, were
seat," inspected and
remove excess granite
supervised the entire
with jackhammers,
process.
revealing the outline's
Mountain Carving To say that Mount Rushmore was "carved" is to
mountain. After a reference point, such as the tip of a nose, was
use a convenient figure of speech. Very few conventional sculpturing
located, excess rock could be removed with dynamite, often to within
methods were employed in what was actually "a unique engineering
3 or 4 inches of the finished surface. Some 450,000 tons of rock
accomplishment." Gutzon Borglum used the engineering tech-
were removed in this manner.
niques at Mount Rushmore that he had developed during his work
on Stone Mountain. He first designed a grouping of the four Presi-
Drillers, suspended over the face of the mountain in "swing seats"
dents to conform to the mountain's granite cap, but deep cracks and
used jack hammers to honeycomb the surface with shallow holes at
fissures, later discovered in the rock, required nine changes in the
intervals of about 3 inches. The remaining rock was wedged off with
design. Five-foot models of each figure guided the workmen on the
a small drill, or a hammer and wedging tool. Finally the sculpture
mountain. Measurements were taken from the models with a hori-
was smoothed with a small air hammer in a process known as
zontal bar and plumb bob, enlarged 12 times, and transferred to the
"bumping."
GPO: 1987-181-415/60107 Reprint 1987
85
To Belle Fourche, SD,
79
Theodore Roosevelt NP,
To Newell, SD
0
5
10 kilometers
and Canada
Fourche
North
Belle
0
5
10 miles
Paved Road
A
Campground
River
Tunnel
Unpaved Road
Spearfish
90
To Devils Tower NM
WYOMING
SOUTH DAKOTA
Canyon
85
Bear Butte
and Yellowstone NP
14A
State Park
Sturgis
14A
Deadwood,
Warning: Tunnels
14A
along two area routes-
Savoy
Pluma
^
U.S. 16A and State
90
Lead
Route 87 — are too low
A
for some trucks and
85
trailers to pass through
385
safely. On U.S. 16A
Cheyenne Crossing
there are three tunnels,
Creek
each 3.8 meters high
and 4.1 meters wide
(12½/2 feet high and 13½
feet wide). On Rt. 87
A
there are three tunnels
whose minimum meas-
Spearfish
urements are 3.2
meters high and 2.3
^
^
Nemo
meters wide (101/2 feet
231
high and 8½ feet wide).
See map for tunnel
locations.
585
Buckhorn
A
208
Black Hawk
To Wall, SD,
Rapid
and Badlands NP
237
79
90
Creek
Silver City
110
Four Corners
^
181
Rapid City
Pactola
Castle
A
44
Reservoir
Deerfield
Rapid
Creek
16
Reservoir
231
Deerfield
385
17
117
79
85
291
Sheridan
Lake
301
Hill City
16
Visitor Center
Keystone
To I-90 and
244
Yellowstone NP
Harney
40
Hayward
16
Peak
Black
Hills
National
Forest
Mount Rushmore
Newcastle
117
291
Sylvan
National
Memorial
297
385
Lake
Needles
Iron Mountain
Highway
Road
16
Hermosa
89
16A
36
^
87
16A
Custer
Jewel Cave
Stockade
National Monument
A
Lake
Custer
16
Visitor Center
A
Wildlife Loop
^
State
Road
Park
385
87
6
5
85
Pringle
Wind Cave
^
National Park
A
Visitor Center
Argyle
101
89
Buffalo Gap
River
79
385
Cheyenne
Hot Springs
Cheyenne
Minnekahta
18
Junction
Mule Creek
Junction
WYOMING
SOUTH DAKOTA
River
85
Angostura
To Casper and
Edgemont
Reservoir
385
Cheyenne, WY
18
18
To Chadron, NE
About Your Visit
For Your Safety
Administration
The memorial is 25
viewed under morning
year. A park conces-
Climbing Mount Rush-
careful with cigarettes
Mount Rushmore Na-
miles southwest of
light. During the sum-
sion provides food
more is prohibited.
and matches. Promptly
tional Memorial is
Rapid City and 3 miles
mer months, from Me-
and gift services. Over-
Stay on trails and stair-
report all accidents in
administered by the
from Keystone, SD.
morial Day to Labor
night accommodations,
ways. Do not run. Do
the memorial to a
National Park Service,
Transcontinental buses
Day, an evening sculp-
campgrounds, and
not disturb, injure, or
ranger. Pets must be
U.S. Department of the
and major airlines
ture lighting program
picnic sites are only
destroy natural fea-
kept under physical
Interior. A superinten-
serve Rapid City.
is presented in the
available in nearby
tures or wildlife in the
control at all times.
dent, whose address is
amphitheater. The visi-
communities and Black
memorial. Building
Keystone, SD 57751, is
The sculpture is best
tor center is open all
Hills National Forest.
fires is not allowed. Be
in charge.
'89 09/14 15:30
2 6057734855
SD SOCIAL SERV
02
My Dream For The
Andrea Remily
Fiture
Northwestern School District
Brentford, SD
6th grade
l hope 6 secon wish many things this year,
to get good grades by opening my cars.
English Science ludic and P.S,
Computers and Math are good for 170.
as the road wonds and bends,
& have high hopes f meeting new friends.
griends are import ant in many ways,
yes! there hundred and sexty fine ways.
When the time copies when for came from drugs,
I Cl simply say no thanks I'd Rather haver hug
clts just not right to say yes to those 75 angs,
Because then to soon the death bell rings.
Drugs are the medical professions most valuable tool,
ged if I misuse them of become am ungrateful fool.
are strictly fant more Helion!
T. Drug above and d mg addiction,
In pla
Sion, house and burgy and Modal T-cars,
screts that reach for the stars
Do now are state has become me's mature
Sechnologys helped thats for sure,
ill we need to Co-to prosper and grow,
Is 10 be a good friend and sml 'he in sen.
So. del's yel lagether and nw hand in hand.
Wore and persices this great land,
Will look to the east,
Well glance to the went
south Dravotas the best.
ways will: mber
'89 09/14 15:30
2
6057734855
SD SOCIAL SERV
03
Abran Kean
St. Joseph's School
IN 1989
Pierre, SD
4th grade
In the 1989 school year, many subjects
will appear. English, Math, Science, Social
Studies, PE and Religion with my buddies.
One goal I want to work toward, is the
Presidents Physical Fitness Award. I want
to be in Odyssey of the Mind, to create
something that's one of a kind. I plan to do
my best, and pass each of my fourth grade tests.
In the 1989 school year, I'm going to stay
away from beer. If you choose to drink and drive,
you are unlikely to survive.
I'd rather take the
flack, than get a need for crack.
Who wants to
die, on a costly 10 minute high.
I plan to JUST
SAY NO, I believe that's the only way to go.
In the 1989 school year, I'll pick up trash
and that's sincere. In my neighborhood I won't
litter, so it will continue to glitter. To keep
this beautiful Nation, we need to think conservation.
Save water, animals, plants and trees, recycling is
one of the keys. Preservation is a must, so our
Earth won't turn to dust.
'89 09/14 15:31
2
6057734855
SD SOCIAL SERV
04
Sarah Smith
Yankton School District
Yankton, SD
9th grade
Ever since I was old enough to understand what happens at midnight,
New Year's Day, of every year, I had the same feeling of a new start.
But it the strike of twelve, linuary 1, 1989, the feeling wasn't identical to
any other I had ever experienced. Yes, it was a feeling of a fresh beginning,
and yet it was mixed with several other inner thoughts; great expectations for
South Dakoto's start at the second century 10 revival in history not familiar
to me, and patriotion coursing through my veins. But the most overwhelming
of all was the sensation of involvement. 1 would be part of the history of
South Dakota and also be part of her future.
Then I began to ponder on how I could help South Bakota's future. At that
print, I realized how I had taken my home state for granted. I began to
make goals for myself, so "Celebrating the Century" would mean something to
me.
I no longer take my schooling for granted. South Dokota's school system
ranks near the top of the nation's best schools. I son taking advantage of this
gift my state has given me. Getting good grades, taking part in school activities,
and helping others are all part of my plan.
Staying drug. free is no problem for me. I suppose I owe that to my
parents and them helping me. realize how harmful drugs can be. I will try
to help there I, that are using drugs by being their friend. I will try
U help them comprehend what I am fortunate enough to know.
By expressing my loyality to South Doketa and its future, I can help my com"
munity grow on a foundation it support. South Bakota is the ideal place to live,
and I will be the first to say it.
South Dakota has many premising centuries shead. Every day I thank the
Lord for giving me the chance be live here. South Dakota is heading For
greatness, and I am going with her.
'89 09/14 15:31
2 6057734855
SD SOCIAL SERV
05
Corey Wobbema
Hyde County School District
Highmore, SD
7th grade
MY EDUCATION PLAN
Last year when I moved to Highmore I was scared, but there were kids
in school that made me welcome. The teachers helped me in every way
possible. School is hard for me, but I am determined to work hard
at getting better grades this year. I want to prove to myself I can
do this. My plan is to learn everything that I can possible learn,
to be able to have a good education, and to get a good job that I
will enjoy. To be able to help people in my community like they have
helped us.
Drugs are bad and I would never take any regardless of what anyone
says!
I I don't want to ruin my brain just to be somebody. I would
rather be somebody for not taking drugs. Everybody is somebody if
you are drug--free!! I
I want to be able to help my community by helping others with things
that are difficult for them. To help someone is a great gift to
givel I take pleasure in helping others! Life is what you make it,
and $0 is the world, and I hope to do my share in keeping America
safe for my family!
GOD BLESS THE UNITED STATES!!
'89 09/14 15:32
a
6057734855
SD SOCIAL SERV
06
Shannon Lee Red Horse
Rapid City School District
Rapid City, SD
6th grade
I think this year will be very good, I hope to get really good grades. I
am very lucky because I live at Black Hills Children's Home. I was doing really
well in the school there, so they knew I was ready for public school, I hope I
can handle myself in public school, and I think I can. I want a good education
so I can get a really good job, so T can help support the homeless. I just want
to learn.
1 don't like drugs at all. But 1f some friends wanted to get involved
in drugs, J would talk to them. I would ask them if it really would be worth
risking their lives, when they could live and enjoy their lives. And also they
have alot of people who really care about them, and all those people need them.
To help my community I already visit the nursing home. I give the peonle
there somehting to look forward to. Some of them don't have families so in a way,
I'm their family. I do alot of activities with them. I help them learn things
that they could have not learned. Sometimes it helps them and it makes them feel
good just if you go up and say hi or just pat them on the shoulder. Even being
there makes them feel special. It also gives me something to do S0 I don't get
involved in drugs and in trouble.
'89 09/14 15:32
TO
6057734855
SD SOCIAL SERV
07
Jill Brouse
Lower Brule Day School
Lower Brule, SD
12th grade
5 INTERIOR
United States Department of the Interior
BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
LOWER BRULE AGENCY
LOWER BRULE, S. DAK. 57548
IN REPLY REFER TO:
Lower Brule Education
September 8, 1989
President Bush:
This year I want to have the highest grade point average and to finish at
the top or one of the top in my class. To succeed in everything I do is important.
I plan to help the younger children in the school understand how important
school and their lives are, and what they have to live for.
To stay free From drugs just say no! Being yourself is great especially
when you're straight. I just say what I feel towards drugs and if people don't
accept that or me, then they weren't worth my time or effort. Besides if you
have true friends they'11 stand beside you no matter what, even if you are
both opposites.
During this year I'll work harder on programs that are trying to get
started and participate more. I'll try to help everyone understand that this
is our place, our home, and it is what we make it together. We need to all
work together to make it a better place for the children and ourselves.
This peem is by my friend Jennifer Patterson who has moved to another state.
It has a strong message and it expresses why I don't take drugs.
Just four friends
The road got tricky
Out for a ride
They missed a turn
Driving fast
This night for others
About that time
Beginning to glide
Would be a lesson learned
A car drove by
That awful sight
Take a drink
Not one breath
Where four kids lie
Pass it around
Not one sound
Laughing & Singing
And worse yet-
The cops were called
With the music loud
No one around
What do they say
To parents whose kids
The road was dark
No one to find them
Were D.O.A.
Dark and long
Maybe ALIVE
They all knew
They lay there sandwiched
They were doing wrong
Till 3:05
Sincerely,
Jill Brouse
Senior, Brule Sioux High School
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Jennifer Kooiman
Elk Point School District
My Education Plan
Elk Point, SD
for the first year of
12th grade
South Dakota's Second Century
My goals for the year
won't be easy to attain.
I must maintain a 4.0,
and help State Student Council make a gain.
Cheerleading is a challenge
because there's always more to learn.
So 1'11 have to practice hard
since it seems to be my turn.
I'll do my best with the newspaper,
and work hard on yearbook, too.
There's also Natural Helpers and my Job
50 1'11 always have enough to do.
It's never been a problem
to Keep those drugs away from me.
live ve made an unpopular choice
and that's the way it has to be.
Although my peers like to drink,
and they say it's lots of fun,
It would change the way 1 look at things
if I even had just one.
I need to be in control of myself
not the liquid that I'm drinking.
I want to remember what I've said
and know what I was thinking.
I've begun to realize the importance
of service to my town.
They've always done a lot for me
so I'll try not to let them down.
I'll work hard to improve the school,
and maybe that will help us all.
I try to be a friendly face
on the streets and in the hall.
I'll make the time to volunteer
whenever there is need.
I'll look around for ways to help
and do a friendly deed.
1 have a lot to accomplish
during my senior year in school.
If I plan to reach all of my goals
I must follow a simple rule.
I must give my very best
in everything I do,
But remember to take a rest
when I'm feeling blue.
I can't get overloaded
with the responsibilities I hold.
I must remember other people
without having to be told.
If I try to follow this rule
and stay on the right track,
I'll surely find success
without following the pack.
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Shannon 0' 'Connor
Rapid City School District
Rapid City, SD
10th grade
There are people who dare to accomplish things,
and those who don't,
There are people who dream the impossible,
and those who won't
My hopes this year are to perform a few simple tasks,
to pass school with flying colors,
and to discover a face behind a false mask.
I would love to score the winning basket
in the sport of basbetball,
run the state championship in soccer,
and make All state Orchestva this fall.
we all need to challenge ourselves,
to reach that natural high.
w hen you happen to surposs your goal,
you feel your spirit reach the sky;
I plan to rely on the activities I purticipate in,
and my drug free friends, to help me say no.
I want to live a free life without drugs,
to feel that inner glow,
To help someone else in crisis is the toughest
thing a human can do.
Then again it would be the best thing that ever
can happen to you.
It breaks my heart,
when people only care about,
fine food, fine wine, and art.
Love your neighbor as yourself,
where have we heard that before?
give to the poor and in return,
you will get a whole lot more.
This may sound a little strange and corney too,
but all of this comes from the heart,
and is nothing but true,
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Courtney Humphreys
Spearfish School District
Spearfish, SD
4th grade
OUR COUNTRY
Our Country is so big and free where schools can be found,
With children learning writing, reading, arithmetic in all its
little towns.
When kids can't find an answer in spelling or in math,
They turn to patient teachers who stop and help the class.
My Country is so good to me with flowers, birds and trees,
I want to learn about my state that is so precious to me.
My Daddy worked for many years, to keep my state drug-free,
I'd like to do the same for him, for he's the world to NO.
Drug's are very bad for me, they affect your brains and lungs,
I'll always say no, and run away to play and have some fun.
By going to church and learning to pray, I'll pray for my
country both night and day. By keeping my faith in God above,
I'll serve my community with gifts of love.
By: Courtney Humphreys
Age 9 4th Grade
East Elementary School
Katy Crofutt - Teacher
Spearfish, S.D.
Bon Home School District
Tabor, SD
2nd grade
I would like to learn about the
Governor Mickelson. He 15
89/14 15:34 8
important to me.
I will never take drugs unless
B
the doctor tells me to,
73
I will pick up litter ail over town
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Jill Theeler
Mitchell School District
Mitchell, SD
DEAR SOUTH DAKOTA,
5th grade
Thank you, South Dakota,
The best state of all,
Your Centennial birthday
Is really a ball!
This year on your birthday,
I hope I can study
(Bet you're proud of it!)
About our U.S.A.,
I have some fun goals,
And of course I hope
I have to admit.
We'll have time to play.
I'll pick up your litter
And then, most important,
And tresh when I can,
Wherever I go,
and visit the elderly
I'll tell all my friends
And give them a hand.
To Please Just Say No 1
To drugs or drinks
I'm writing a letter
That are not O.K.
To the people in Pierre
Drug Free America--
To please pay my teachers
That's my goal someday.
More next school year!
So Dear South Dakota,
This year in school,
The state I'm proud of,
I hope to learn more
Here's what I've bean planning,
About South Dakota history
I close now with love.
And what went before.
give Theeler
Jill Theeler
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Lealand Schoon
Cheyenne-Eagle Butte School District
Eagle Butte, SD
What do I hope to accomplish in school this year?
12th grade
As a Senior, I would like to accomplish many goals my last year in high
school. I am presently third in my class and would like to be attentive in all
my classes and push myself to the best of my abilíty.
I stress to friends and younger people that an education is very important
for college and my future life.
My future plans are to attend college as a Wildlife Major and enroll in
ROTC or Guards for additional help to me to know the importance of this in our
nation. I believe that education is a must to fulfill my future.
How will I stay free from drugs this year?
One year ago I made a commitment to stop using alcoholic beverages and
drugs to make a high. I believe that the natural high on life is necessary to
keep my mind and life running in the right direction. I also stress to my
friends the need to refrain from the abuse, and that I am always close to help
if they feel the need for support.
What do I plan to do to help my community this year?
Many students of C-EB have started many groups to help fight the war on
drugs and alcohol. I am a member and supporter, as well as as spokesperson in
these. We have been successful in stopping some of the future alcoholic
establishments from becoming a reality, and hope slow down (better monitoring)
of those with licenses will become a reality. This will give our abstinence
groups more encouragement to continue to be strong.
I have won the BOAC volunteerism in FFA and have been actively involved
in 4-H. We try to make the community cleaner and look sharper to people that
might come for the fair, just passing through town, or looking at Eagle Butte
as a home for their future. Hopefully the FFA or Honor Society can help paint
our American Legion Meeting place to make us all proud of sending the citizens
to Boy's State.
Our Community has to work together so we can all be proud of Cheyenne-
Eagle Butte.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Date:
9/26/84
TO:
Bob Simon
FROM:
JAMES P. PINKERTON
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Policy Planning
fyi
ENVIRONMENT
lates the American Forestry
Association.
'Killer' Trees to the Rescue
Just three trees around a
house can cut air-condition-
H
is predecessor's most no-
that destroy the ozone layer.
ing needs 10 to 50 percent.
table environmental pro-
Can trees save the planet?
Each year 2.3 billion seed-
nouncement was that trees
A single forest tree absorbs
lings are planted in the Unit-
cause air pollution, but Presi-
26 pounds of CO₂ per year; an
ed States, covering 3.4 mil-
dent George Bush thinks oth-
acre of trees can remove 2.4 to
lion acres. Even with that
erwise. On a swing through
5 tons of CO2. There are 728
effort, the annual net loss of
the West last week, the First
million forested acres in the
forest in the United States is
Arborist planted maples and
United States: they can re-
about 900,000 acres.
elms in South Dakota, Mon-
move more than 1.7 billion
In America's urban forests,
tana and Washington-call-
tons of CO2 a year. The burn-
about four trees die or are cut
ing the tree "the oldest,
ing of fossil fuels releases 5.6
down for every one planted.
cheapest and most efficient
billion tons of CO₂ into the
In St. Louis, 440,000 oaks,
air purifier." Trees breathe
atmosphere annually.
maples and lindens remove
in carbon dioxide (CO₂), re-
Planting 100 million trees
340 tons of dust and smoke
sponsible for the greenhouse
around homes and business-
each year-1 percent of the
effect; they also absorb par-
es in the United States
city's particulate pollution.
ticulates, a major component
would keep them cooler in
In tropical forests, 27 mil-
of urban air pollution, and
summer. That would save $4
lion acres are cleared for
provide shade that can re-
billion in energy costs and
farms and other uses every
duce the need for air condi-
reduce CO2 emissions by 18
year-a loss of 500,000 trees
tioners, which run on gases
million tons per year, calcu-
every hour of every day.
NEWSWEEK OCTOBER 2, 1989 59
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Date: October 25, 1989
TO:
Bob Simon
FROM:
JAMES P. PINKERTON
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Policy Planning
Planting More Trees in Cities
May Slow Global Warming
Most cities in the United States could accommodate more
than twice the number of trees that now line their streets, says
James Kielbaso, a forestry professor from Michigan State Uni-
versity, and those cities are missing out on the cooling and en-
ergy-saving benefits that trees provide.
Kielbaso was one of the researchers in a recent study by
the American Forestry Association, released at the organ-
ization's fourth Urban Forest Conference in St. Louis.
"If we double the number of trees in our cities, we would,
in effect, triple the environmental benefits of trees," Kiel-
baso said. The study was compiled from results of a random
survey of street trees in about 300 U.S. communities.
There are an estimated 60
million street trees in the
nation, Kielbaso said, and an
averagé of 78 street trees
per mile, spaced an average
of 150 feet apart. He said
that decreasing the space be-
tween each tree to 50 feet
would allow for nearly 100
million new street trees.
A previous study found
that street trees make up
only one tenth of the urban
forest in the nation's cities,
he said, yet they play an im-
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/OCTOBER 24, 1989
portant role in providing
shade and other benefits to
city dwellers. Kielbaso said
the study showed that only half of 1 percent of city budgets
are spent on trees. Underfunded tree maintenance pro-
grams and difficult growing conditions lead to early mor-
tality rates for trees, he said.
Gary Moll, the AFA's vice president of urban forestry,
said that urban forests have been overlooked too often as
ways to help slow global warming.
The AFA has launched a citizens' tree-planting campaign
called Global ReLeaf, which is aimed at getting 100 million
trees planted in the nation's communities by 1992.
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1989
Boston Journal
The Common, established in 1634.
has been a pasture for cows and a
Common's
temporary campsite for soldiers. lb.
was also a punishment site; Mary
Dyer, a Quaker, was hanged there in
Outlook:
1660 for religious nonconformity
Nowadays, the homeless nap on Its
But the city's Parks Commissioner,
benches and teen-agers cruise its
Lawrence Dwyer, called the opposi-
tion to the plan "isolated resistance"
A Building
and said he had met with concerned
groups more than a dozen times.
Should a site rich
Mr. Cruz, the visitors services
Vs. a Tree
manager, said, "Our view is that this
in history and
is a very, very appropriate use of the
Boston Common. It is a common, not
foliage hold a
a park. And this is a center where
By CONSTANCE L. HAYS
visitors will go." He added that the
Special to The New York Times
flamboyant center?
new building would use up no more
BOSTON, Nov. 14
ground than the existing one.
How best to use
the Boston Com-
mon, the 48-acre
paths on skateboards. Bostonians
green preserve at
scatter Cheerios to its pigeons and
There is also the question of the 150-
the heart of this city steeped in histo-
crack walnuts for its squirrels. To
year-old tree. "Our tree people have
ry, is the subject of vigorous debate
tourists the Common is the beginning
examined it and said it poses a public
these days.
of the Freedom Trail, a red-painted
safety hazard," said Michael Quinlin,
As the leaves drift from the trees
path that zigzags through downtown
a spokesman for the parks depart
that dot the Common, many Bosto-
Boston and adjacent Charlestown and
ment "There's only two to three
nians are calling for city officials to
includes Revolutionary sites like the
inches of live tissue remaining, andit
quash a $1 million plan that would re-
Old North Church.
could fall down."
build into something grander the
Some of the objection to the new
But those who want to save the tree
grubby kiosk that now serves as a
visitor center began when its design
have produced their own arborists.
tourist center. Opponents say the grad
was made public last year. Each of
"One of the people we had thought the
would further damage an essential
the building's four facades would
tree had some problems," Mr. Prim-
patch of public space already bitten
resent a different school of architec-
ack said, "but could live another 50 or
away to accommodate a subway
ture: Jacobean, Georgian, Richard-
100 or 200 years."
tion and other projects.
sonian and modern.
The discussion is far from over.
Furthermore, they say, the con-
"This building would be a flamboy-
While the city Landmarks Commis-
struction required in the kiosk plan
ant structure that is just out of place
sion has given preliminary approval
would mean cutting down a 19th-cen
in a historic landmark," said Mark
to the plan, the City Council has yetto
tury English elm.
Primack, executive director of the
vote on it. State law also requires the
"We don't want to hang it all on
Green Space Alliance, which includes
permission of the Legislature.
tree," said Eugenie Beal of the
125 Boston groups involved in parks.
A spokesman for the city's Public
Friends of the Public Garden and
Others have called the structure
Facilities Department, which would
Common, the chairwoman of its com-
"Disneyland" and worse. "I think it
build the center, said he expected no
mittee on the Boston Common. "But
would look great out on the Mass
legislative roadblocks. But others are
it is symbolic: a tree or a building."
Pike," Mrs. Beal said, referring to
ready for a protracted fight.
Supporters of the plan argue that
one of the state's major highways.
"People come from all over the
the existing center, where tourists
Henry Lee, president of the Friends
world to see the Common as a histeric
can get maps and brochures to help
of the Public Garden and Common
turf," Mr. Lee said. "It's not like Cen-
them explore the city's historic thos
Beacon Hill group, said the project=
tral Park, where you might stick a
oughfares, is an insult. "People have
had begun without consulting groups
building in and nobody might find
complained," said David Cruz, man
concerned with city parks. He called
for a couple of years."
ager of visitor services for the Boston
it "part and parcel of a fairly hasty
Convention and Visitors Bureau. The.
and cavalier approach."
building, which has no restrooms or
But the city's Parks Commissioner,
other conveniences, "is a hideous
Lawrence Dwyer, called the opposi-
structure and a horrible way to greet
tion to the plan "isolated resistance"
visitors to our city," he said
and said he had met with concerned
groups more than a dozen times.
8A TUESDAY, AUGUST 22, 1989
USA TODAY
ACROS
STATESLINE
FROM USA TODAY'S NATIONAL NEWS NETWORK
MONTANA: Admitted November 8, 1889.
Great Montana Centennial Cattle Drive, September 4-9:
Organizer Stan Lynd says "we wanted to pay tribute to the
livestock industry that is such an important part of our
economy." The drive to Billings from Roundup will culmi-
nate with music and a parade.
Laurel Herbstfest, Laurel, September 21-24: Festival of
European culture. Featured: foods including Grebel and
Kuchen, continuous entertainment by German, Russian
and polka bands. Entertainment director Carol Kukes guar-
antees "you feel like you are in the Old Country."
SOUTH DAKOTA
:
Admitted
November
2,
1889.
Wagon trains, through August 29: Among the 150 wagons
in the train are conestogas, flatbeds, buggies amd carriages.
"At three miles an hour you see more of the countryside,"
says participant Brad Buckley. The trains will go through
almost every county in the state.
By Mike Roemer, USA TODAY
South Dakota State Fair, August 29 September 4, Huron:
WAGONS HO! South Dakota Centennial Wagon Train
Final encampment of the wagon trains.
heads for Sioux Falls after leaving Humboldt.
South Dakota Centennial History Fair, September 8-10,
Rapid City: Exhibit of items brought from around the state
States delve into
to what is billed as the "largest temporary musuem ever."
The Centennial Finals, November 3-4, Pierre: Birthday
bash includes rededication of the state Capitol, Centennial
Ball, and dedication of the new $8 million Cultural Heritage
century of history
Center. Activities broadcast live throughout the state.
NORTH DAKOTA: Admitted November 2, 1889.
By Jocelyn Coleman
Centennial Trees Program: Goal is to plant 100 million
USA TODAY
trees - 1 million for each year of statehood - by the year
2000. Dennis Newmann, Assistant Director of the state cen-
Wagon trains are rumbling across the Plains again as
tennial commission, says "usually after the party is over
South Dakota prepares to mark 100 years of statehood.
there is nothing to carry over into the future. The tree plant-
The South Dakotans aren't alone. North Dakota, Mon-
ing is the single most important thing that a citizen can do."
tana and Washington are gearing up for centennial cele-
Lewis & Clark Among the Earthlodge People, August 19-
brations in November with a look at the past to better un-
20, Stanton: Reenactment at Knife River Indian Villages
derstand the courage that went into creating their state.
tells the story of Lewis & Clark's return to the villages in
"You learn about how tough they had it back then," says
1806 and their meeting with the Mandan and Hidatsa tribes.
Brad Buckley of Sioux Falls, S.D., who is spending 2½
Centennial Medora Musical, September 1-3, Medora: His-
months on one of two wagon trains commemorating his
torical musical held in town where Theodore Roosevelt
state's centennial. "It takes eight hours to go 20 miles."
conducted cattle business and where Marquis de Mores had
Buckley is riding the Eastern Division train, which start-
meat packing plant in the 1800s.
ed its journey May 10 from Elk Point, S.D. The West River
Statehood Day, November 1, Bismarck: Official birthday
train rolled out of Phillip, S.D., June 5. The caravans will
party and showcase of projects funded through the Centen-
meet August 29 at the South Dakota State Fair in Huron.
nial Program. Premiere of commissioned musical and ar-
In North Dakota, the centennial has become an opportu-
rival of the "The Class of 2000" - 1,500 second graders -
nity to improve the state's image and morale.
and their teachers.
"This is the second consecutive year of the drought and
WASHINGTON: Admitted November 11, 1889.
yet people are pretty much inspired by the centennial,"
Good OF Days Celebration, Auburn, August 25-26: "We sa-
says Tracy Potter, state assistant director of tourism. She
lute Lt. William Slaughter of the U.S. Calvary who saved our
says plans to plant 100 million trees over the next decade
pioneers from unfriendly Indians," says Gene Kasper of the
will leave a "living legacy" for the 2089 bicentennial bash.
Auburn Area Chamber of Commerce. Opening parade fea-
Lindsy Tschider's seedling was signed by President Bush
tures covered wagons, buggies, vintage fire trucks.
when he visited the state Capitol with her second-grade
Harbor Days Tugboat Festival and Races, Olympia, Sep-
class from Bismarck's Northridge Elementary School.
tember 2-3: Tribute to Washington's maritime heritage.
"He asked me where I was going to plant the tree," says
Centennial flagships on display include the tugboat Arthur
Tschider, 8. "My family had a ceremony and we planted it."
Foss, built in 1889 to escort sailing ships across the Colum-
Montana is marking its centennial with The Great Mon-
bia Bar. "She was involved in towing supplies to the Gold
tana Cattle Drive, a cowboy convoy covering 53 miles from
Rush up in Alaska," says Colleen Wagner, historical ship
Roundup, Mont., to Billings. Joining the six-day trip will be
coordinator of Northwest Seaport.
3,000 riders, 250 wagons, and 10,000 head of cattle.
Fireworks Spectacular '89, September 2: Simultaneous
People also are using centennials to learn more about na-
fireworks statewide. "Each show starts out with a 100-rock-
tive cultures. Linda Day, curator of the Centennial Re-
et salute commemorating the centennial," says Sharon Has-
source Center in Olympia, Wash.'s State Capitol Museum
son, spokeswoman for Fireworks Spectacular.
and a member of the Swinomish tribe, travels the state
A Time of Gathering, through October 1, Seattle: Ameri-
helping American Indian tribes with centennial projects.
can Indian exhibit at the Burke museum will include dis-
She says the tribes resisted attempts to include them in
play of gift-filled canoes that were used in 1889 gathering.
centennial projects. The "biggest difficulty was getting
them to understand that we needed to use some of the mon-
ey to start getting back the culture that was lost and to edu-
cate the non-Indian people of our ways: We don't want to
wait another hundred years for the opportunity."
Idaho and Wyoming are gearing up for their centennials
next year. Special projects include Idaho's Century Citizen's
Project, which will document more than 250 Idahoa cente-
narians. Other events planned: