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323152633
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Centennial of State of Washington 9/18/89 [OA 6346] [4]
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323152633
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Centennial of State of Washington 9/18/89 [OA 6346] [4]
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13686-002
collections
Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13686
Folder ID Number:
13686-002
Folder Title:
Centennial of State of Washington 9/18/89 [OA 6346] [4]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
19
3
6
Nixon 74
WA
allison Cawles, WCC
Putnams Barber, Dis
Jane McCurdy, staff for event
Jan Wilder, Public affairs
"Het out the Vote?"
Waah us "Iateway to- Parific"
player in Paufic icon
int trade conf.
pos balance prote of trade for Wash state
actual centern 11/11
Pres. Hunison sent statehood telegram
collect, you Ferry 414 now
Expo - River Front Park
abandoned RRyard
River Front Park -
Bell Tower behind (wellome signs)
usp autior teeper tent thing to right
from Expo /carnival under)
nives to left
IMAX Theater - ? to right, hehind teepee
hongrown RRQ
Site 2
Tower whine, US Pavilion to ught
looking thought on
Plogue, ill - trail
Chris Underwood - assestant to allison
509/459 - 5227
Cowlex
King Cale
(was President rexpu 74
home 2116 E. 34th $1 (99203)
(509) 5343236
work Stz 1005 Panlsen Bldg 99201
(509) 623 4242
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SPOKANE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
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SPOKANE
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H
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MOTORCADE PRESS PEN
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Spokane
PROPOSED ITINERARY
Touchdown at airport (which one?)
5 min. - Greetings by airport/military personnel
15 min. - Travel to Press Conference Site (Don Kardong Bridge?)
15 min. - Press Conference/Photo opportunity
15 min. - Travel to Riverfront Park; transfer to train for park tour
30 min. - Public Event at Riverfront Park site, "Together For Washington's
Second Century"
( 10 min. - Opening Song, Flag ceremony, introductions
5 min. - Receive memento, Centennial Trail marker from
Tom Foley
10 min. - President's speech
5 min. - Plant Tree)
5 min. - Travel to reception sites (Ag Center)
10 min. - Reception # 1 (G.O.P.)
10 min. - Reception # 2 (Centennial)
10 min. - Reception #33 (Sponsors)
15 min. - Travel to airport
The
Centennial Trail
The Official
"Mirade Mile" Marker
Every foot on the Miracle Mile will be
MIRACLE
marked with a medallion anchored firmly to
the Trail. The medallion will be engraved
with the inscription of the individual or group
that the one foot section will commemorate.
MILE
Prior to installation of the medallion you will
receive a beautiful, frameable certificate
which can be presented as a commemorative
of your gift of a foot of the Miracle Mile.
The inscription may be 2 lines of 20
characters each, spaces included.
Plant Your Feet
in the Trail!
For $100 per foot, you can make your mark
in the Inland Northwest's historic Centennial
Trail. Order your foot of the Miracle Mile
with the attached form. Please send check or
money order (no cash please) to:
Centennial Trail Committee
Rm 625 City Hall
W. 808 Spokane Falls Blvd.
Spokane, WA 99201
509/458-4061
Centennial Trail
Rm 625, City Hall
W. 808 Spokane Falls Blvd.
Spokane, WA 99201
509/458-4061
The Centennial Trail
may purchase or dedicate a foot on the
Miracle Mile. In addition, local Scout troops
may sponsor a car wash to have their foot in
"MIRACLE MILE"
the Miracle Mile. Maybe your child's school
class or high school club will want their
name indelibly marked on this historic
Project
portion of the Centennial Trail.
What groups may
T
hirty-nine consecutive miles of Spokane
Office Use Only
River property will be dedicated as the
purchase feet in the
Centennial Trail; a walking, jogging,
horseback riding, cross country ski passage
"Mirade Mile?"
that will link with a complementary path
The Miracle Mile is open to all individuals/
from Idaho's Lake Coeur d'Alene. A one mile
non-profit groups. Examples of eligible
Zip
stretch of the Centennial Trail will be
organizations or groups are:
identified as our "Miracle Mile."
Elementary, Jr. High and High School Classes
The Miracle Mile will be a one mile strip
Girl Scouts, Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts,
of the Centennial Trail beginning adjacent to
Campfire Girls and Brownies
Spokane's Riverfront Park and extending east
Fraternities/Sororities
across the new Kardong Footbridge to the
Church Groups
Gonzaga University/Logan Neighborhood
Teams
I want to be part of the Legacy of the Miracle Mile. Enclosed is $100.
Amount Enclosed
district.
Seniors
Why is it the
Non-Profit Organizations
"Mirade Mile?"
Every single foot-all 5280, will be
indelibly marked with the name of an
Dedicate a Foot for
make Miracle Mile history with a $100 tax
deductible contribution.
ORDER FORM
The ''Mirade Mile"
State
individual or non-profit group who will
Your Children,
Your Parents,
A medallion engraved with the name of an
individual or contributing non-profit
Your Best Friend!
Miracle Mile Inscription to read:
The inscription may be two lines, a maximum of 20 characters each, spaces included.
Send to: Centennial Trail, Rm 625 City Hall, W. 808 Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99201
This form may be duplicated
organization will be engraved and anchored
This is an opportunity for the people of
Personal contributions to the Centennial Trail are tax deductible.
Make checks payable to Centennial Trail
along the Miracle Mile. This commemorative
the Spokane area to make a personal state-
portion of the Centennial Trail will be
ment. You can dedicate a foot for children
entirely a citizen effort.
to watch as they grow.
The Miracle Mile would make a perfect gift
or memorial.
Who may contribute?
The Miracle Mile will be the people's mile
and any individual or non-profit organization
Gonzaga
Kennedy
University
Pavilion
The
Monac
"Miracle
Mile"
Division St.
Spokane
Kardong
Footbridge
N
Division S. St.
Name
Address
City
Phone
W
E
Place
Postage
Here
The Spokane River Centennial Trail
P.O. Box 141734
Spokane, WA 99214-1734
The Spokane River Centennial Trail
Response Card
Please take a minute to provide your thoughts on The
Spokane River Centennial Trail. Your insights are
important to us - after all, it's your trail!
(Please Circle One or More)
1. How would you use Centennial Trail?
A. Walking
B. Canoeing/Rafting
C. Picnicking
D. Bicycling
E. Running
F. Horseback Riding
G. Cross-Country Skiing
H. Other (please specify)
2. Which area of the trail would you likely use most?
A. Nine Mile to Spokane Falls
B. Spokane Falls to Upriver Dam
C. Upriver Dam to Sullivan Park (Sullivan Road)
D. Sullivan Park to the Idaho Border
3. Where would you likely access the trail most often?
A. Spokane House (Confluence of Little Spokane and
Spokane Rivers)
B. The Bowl & Pitcher
C. Riverfront Park
D. Plante's Ferry Park
E. Sullivan Park
F. Harvard Road
G. State Line Info Center
H. Other (please specify)
4. Would you be interested in volunteering to help make
The Spokane River Centennial Trail become
a reality?
5. Any additional comments?
YOUR ZIP CODE:
(Optional):
Name
Address
Telephone
Thank you for your valuable input!
Please fill out this questionnaire, affix postage and place it
in the nearest mail drop.
PAID FOR BY MOMENTUM '88
I'll lead you back
to the river.
And I'll reveal
the past,
the present,
the future.
I am
The Spokane River
Centennial Trail.
PAID FOR BY MOMENTUM '88
The Spokane River,
The Spokane River is still cherished by
Idaho. This adjoining trail will extend
through the ages.
those who settle along its banks.
from the state line to Wolf Creek on Lake
Spokane House,
Many thousands of
It is our Nile.
Coeur d'Alene.
1812
years ago, an ice dam
The adventure begins.
Most of Centennial Trail will be twelve
The first fur trading
post in Washington
broke across the Pend
Again.
feet wide and paved. It will be supported
and Oregon. For four-
Oreille River Gorge. A
In 1986, an inspired handful of local
by fourteen trailheads, each equipped
teen years, this site
spectacular flood, at
served as headquarters
citizens unveiled a plan for the river. A
with parking facilities, power, water,
for the fur trade
times over a thousand
plan that would, again, fully endear us to
picnic tables, hitching posts, restrooms,
between the Rockies
feet deep, swept
and the Cascades.
her serenity and her turbulence.
directories and river access.
through the Inland Empire
The Spokane River Centennial Trail.
And, by design, it will call out to every
and created the Spokane
Conceived under the aegis of
member of the community.
River as we now know it.
Washington State's 100th birthday
If you are a runner, a walker or a
Spokane Garry
More recently, this raging
celebration, this multi-purpose pathway
bicycling enthusiast, you'll find Centennial
School, 1831
life-source provided food,
will escort the river for as many as 39
Trail a welcome alternative to motor
School started by the
protection and transportation
miles in the state of Washington and 21
driven routes. For you, the trail
son of Chief Illim-
Spokanee. Garry was
to those who settled along
miles in the state of Idaho.
will mean increased safety
chosen by the
its lush banks. It served as a
Hudson's Bay Com-
I'll lead you
The Spokane River Centennial Trail
and decreased noise
pany to be educated at
spiritual temple and a blood-
will begin near the old Spokane House
and pollution.
a Winnipeg, Canada,
soaked battleground.
back to the
fur trading post, stretching southward
If you're a horse
missionary school. He
For these early inhabi-
river. Clear
returned to become
through Riverside State Park. It will
lover, bring your pal.
the first teacher in all
tants, the river was as
your mind and test your
continue to thread its way along until
Separate but adja-
of Washington,
significant as the sun. As sustaining as the
soul.
both river and trail meet the mighty
cent gravel trails will
Oregon, Idaho and
earth, itself.
Montana.
I'll tune you for Bloomsday,
falls, in downtown Spokane's famous
be laid down for you.
Today, while life's new complexities
Troika, The Coeur d'Alene
Riverfront Park. And from here, it will
During the winter
have surely relaxed this time-honored
Marathon.
wind its way eastward, through the
I'll lead you back to the
months, Centennial
relationship, the Spokane River remains
Spokane Valley to the state line.
Trail will also accom-
a vital symbol of our past, our present and
Show you fiery sunsets, to
river-our original and
our future.
help pass the time. And
At the border, Centennial Trail will
modate cross-
meet with a similar path to be constructed
most beloved freeway.
country skiers.
It is our Fountain of Youth. And our
fuel your effort with the
by our neighbors in Kootenai County,
I'll take you the way of
Bring your
Old Faithful.
purest air.
trappers, explorers and
Riverside State Park,
I'll promise silence, except
the countless generations
1933
for birdsong. Calm, apart
before them.
Developed by the
Civilian Conservation
from rocks against water.
I'll give you gentle rapids
Corp, in appreciation
And I'll be there, as you
to dance through. Serenity
of Aubrey L. White,
the creator and first
pad along.
to bask in.
president of the
I am Centennial Trail.
So paddle softly, and
Spokane Park Board,
1907. Aubrey dreamt
hold your head high.
of the day when
For you are a Child
Spokane would enjoy
"A park within 15
Bowl & Pitcher
Minnehaha Rocks
of the Sun.
minutes of every
Spectacular geologic
Huge granite outcroppings,
home."
formation, canyon,
popular among rock-climbers
And I am
Museum of Native
suspension bridge and
and rappelers.
American Cultures
Centennial
Plante's
100 campsites.
Ferry Park
Believed to have been
A unique museum, established
Trail.
Site upon which Antoine
a religious site for
in 1966 for the promotion of
Plante built the first wagon-
generations of Indians.
Indian Studies and the preser-
usable ferry across the Spokane
vation of Indian Cultures.
Riverfront Park
Boulder Beach
River. This place was so well
Site of the uniquely successful
known among both white and
Spokane Falls
Expo '74 World's Fair: "The
Indian settlers that it became
A significant land-
Harmony of Man and His
Upriver Dam
an important meeting site for
mark, meeting place
Natural Environment."
treaty talks between Governor
Stevens and tribes throughout
and fishing area for
the region.
the Spokane Indians.
camera-the trail
A pathway
A lasting commitment.
I'll lead you back to the
will provide new and
to economic growth.
If there is any single trait attributable
river, in January as in
dazzling vistas, as
Its potential impact on our economy is
to the people of the Inland Northwest, it
June.
the Spokane River
perhaps one of the trail's most exciting
is an insatiable love for the open air. No
As you glide through my
region changes with
contributions. As we enhance the quality
matter what the season, we demonstrate
winterscape, be silent,
the coming of snow.
of life in this region, we naturally enhance
an almost child-like aversion to coming
Maybe you'd enjoy
watchful.
area tourism and industry.
inside. The Spokane River Centennial
canoeing. Or how
Year-around visitors will frequent the
Trail will help feed that universal hunger
I'll reveal snow-veiled beauty
about a summer rafting
trail. Bearing canoes, ski gear, inner-
for the beauty and excitement of nature.
to be shared with some-
trip with friends? The
tubes, fishing rods and picnic baskets, this
Centennial Trail promises to enrich our
one special.
trail will make loading
new band of tourists will, in turn,
lives as it enhances and protects the
And I'll warm you with the
and launching easier
introduce new money into our economy.
cherished river that courses through our
knowledge that this is
than ever.
And, because quality of life is always
I'll lead you back to the
community.
God's country.
Of course, you'll
a major consideration during company
river. Bring your gentle
But perhaps the real beauty of this
Yes, I'll be here for
enjoy access to hun-
I'll lead you
expansion or relocation, a project of this
friend.
timely plan is in the barriers it transcends.
dreds of beautiful spots
It will be shared by young and old.
you, even when it
back to the
magnitude will likely attract new industry.
Together, the three of us
for picnicking, sun-
It will beckon sightseers, commuters
snows. I am
river. Steer
The Centennial Trail will help to iden-
will gallop through time.
and athletes alike.
bathing and sightseeing.
tify us as an active, forward-thinking com-
Centennial
We'll ride with Peone,
And a number of his-
you away
And the trail will confirm a bond of kin-
Trail.
from traffic,
munity. A rewarding place to work. And
toric landmarks and points
Seltice and Illim-Spokanee.
ship among the people of Spokane, the
a spirited place to play.
of interest will dot Centennial Trail. From
noise, potholes. I'll whisper
I'll take you on a vision
Spokane Valley and Coeur d'Alene.
The Spokane River
Constructed along the banks of the river
the Long Lake petroglyphs to the site of
encouragement as you
Centennial Trail will
quest. Simply believe
that links us, Centennial Trail will be a
Colonel Wright's brutal horse slaughter
slice through the air.
lead us toward a
in me.
physical affirmation of the remarkable
camp, a trip down the trail promises much
Tempt you further with
healthier econ-
I am
unity that we've established throughout
more than recreation.
pristine landscape.
omy, as well as
Centennial
the region.
Best of all, no motorized vehicles will
I'll usher you to work,
a healthier life-
Trail.
Borne of pride and purpose, The
be allowed on Centennial Trail.
style.
Spokane River Centennial Trail will affirm
school, nowhere in
The Spokane River Centennial Trail
our commitment to building a brighter
will truly complement the adventurous
particular. And I'll
future for ourselves and for generations
lifestyle of the people it serves. It will lead
honor your commitment
to come.
us back to the river.
to a healthier lifestyle.
I am Centennial Trail.
Spokane Bridge, 1864
Commonly thought to be the
first bridge ever constructed
over the Spokane River. This
crossing gave rise to what may
Harvard Park
have been the area's earliest
white settlement, complete with
State Line
3 stores and a post office.
Sullivan Park
Horse Slaughter Camp, 1858
Site on which Colonel Wright
and his troops rounded up and
Visitor Information Center
killed 800 Indian horses to
Staffed headquarters providing
discourage future uprisings.
parking, hitching post, informa-
tion directory water and
ada
Walla Walla /
College Place
a special place
a prosperous land
THE BEST LIFE HAS TO OFFER
THE WALLA WALLA VALLEY.
Since 1869, Baker Boyer Bank has continued to make a major commitment
to the Walla Walla Valley and the people who live here. Through the years we've
grown, just as the communities we serve: providing capital for business, personal
trust management, consumer credit to help provide the best life has to offer, and
a variety of services for the agriculturist. We're the state's oldest bank and proud
to contribute to the quality of life enjoyed by those who live, work, and play in the
Walla Walla Valley and surrounding areas.
Vernon D. Kegley
President
ЯВ Baker Boyer Bank
Downtown
Plaza
Eastgate
(509) 525-2000
Member FDIC
A MEMBER OF THE SEARS FINANCIAL NETWORK
COLDWELL BANKeR CB
MATTHEWS & ASSOCIATES
An Independently Owned and Operated Member of Coldwell Banker Residential Affiliates, Inc.
America's Full Service
509
Real Estate Company
132 E. Poplar
525-0820
Homes
Commercial
Acreages
Farms
Rentals
Business Opportunities
Condominiums
Development
MLS
Creative Financing
WE SELL HOMES
1
This is a
Toneer
Ompany
Lawton Publication
created and produced for
Walla Walla
The Walla Walla Area
Pioneer Title Agent Company
Chamber of Commerce
TICOR Authorized TITLE INSURANCE
by the Publications Division
Lawton Printing, Inc.
N. 608 Monroe Street
Director Publications - Gene Goodwin
Researcher, Writer, Photographer
Bill Stine
Composing Foreman - Don Fyfe
Graphic Artists
17 WEST MAIN
Pat Howard and Dorothy Green
Art Design - Glenn Emmons
Sales - Max Prudente,
LOCALLY OWNED AND OPERATED
MEMBER WASHINGTON LAND TITLE ASSOCIATION
Jack Rudman, Mary Burns
All rights reserved. Any use or reproduction of any material must
be with the consent of the Walla Walla Area Chamber of Com-
17 W Main Street
merce and Lawton Printing, Inc.
Walla Walla, WA 99362
While every effort has been made to avoid mistakes in this publi-
525-4300
cation, the Walla Walla Area Chamber of Commerce and/or
Lawton Printing, Inc. assume no liability to anyone for errors.
Pioneer Title Company of Walla Walla S
Interest to Walla Walla's
1984
original abstract company establis hed in 1889.
WE'RE PROUD
1320 AM
KHIT
97.1 FM
US Army Corps
TO BE A PART OF THE
of Engineers
971FM
WALLA WALLA COMMUNITY
Walla Walla District
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CBS News
For general employment information, contact our
Radio Radio News
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Personnel Office, Building 601, City-County Airport
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(on 12th Avenue, between E and G Streets),
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Local Weather
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Walla Walla, WA 99362, or telephone
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PHOTO CREDITS
Front Cover Larry Dodd
Page 3. Bill Stine
Back Cover Bull Gulich
3
U.P
City-Cou
Airpor
N
THE
Direct Flights
Daily to Spokane,
Seattle & Portland
Vererans.Golf Memorial Course
B.N.R.R.
Park & Park Vets.Pool Memorial
Walla
Iscaacs Ave.
Walla
B.N.R.R.
Community
College
Chamberce
2nd Ave.
2
of
Ave.
Whitmage
College
Tausick Way
12
City
N
Main
Alder St.
13th Ave. S.
Court
House
Pioneer
Park
Rose
YMCA
St.
Alder
Mary
Hospital
COLLEGE
PLACE
Rose
Veterans
General
Medical
Hospital
Rd.
Center
S.E.
WALLA WALLA
TO
Wash.
MARTIN
Fair-
IRFIELD
grounds
2nd Ave.S Ave.
Walla
Fort
Walla
Walla
Clinic
Walla
College Ave.
Walla
U.P.R.R.
Abbott Rd.
Walla
Park
College
Walla
Walla
Dalles Military Rd.
Walla
High
Walla
School
College
Country
Place
125
Club
TO
SPOKANE
160 Miles
127
395
Snake River
Pomeroy
TO LEWISTON, ID
& CLARKSTON, WA
Richland
Pasco
Prescott
12
Waitsburg
Dayton
Kennewick
TO
SEATTLE
Dixie
260 Miles
Walla Walla
12
Blue
River
College
Wood
From Walla Walla to
Columbia
Place
WASHINGTON
Milton-Freewater
OREGON
Boise, ID
265
Umatilla
Hermiston
Bozeman, MT
518
11
TO PORTLAND
Toll Gate
Coeur d'Alene, ID
190
238 Miles
Lewiston, ID
98
Pendleton
84
Spout
Portland, OR
238
Springs
Seattle, WA
Wallowa
260
Spokane, WA
159
Elgin
Tri-Cities
50
Enterprise
Wenatchee, WA
84
181
Yakima, WA
126
Joseph
LaGrande
4
Photo by Verne Wehtje
Walla Walla/College Place
Living At Its Best
WALLA WALLA
to the overall well-being of the com-
The economy of the Walla Walla area
Welcome to Walla Walla! You'll like
munity.
is agriculturally based. It boasts of not
the fresh, clean look, the well kept
The Walla Walla area offers the full
only rich wheat fields with high yields
gamut of educational opportunities
but also a variety of crops. The Walla
homes, green lawns, gracious parks
and shady trees.
from private preschool through a
Walla Sweet Onion is unique to the
Walla Walla is nestled in a valley
Masters program. Specialties include
Walla Walla Valley and is sought by
a child development center, vocational
onion lovers throughout the United
framed by the Blue Mountains on the
States.
east and tucked into the southeastern
rehabilitation and training for the han-
corner of Washington State. The In-
dicapped, as well as music instruction.
Agriculturally related industry such
dian name "Walla Walla" which means
Walla Walla is considered the medi-
as irrigation equipment manufacturers
"many waters" was given to this his-
cal center for southeastern Wash-
and food processing plants contribute
torical community in 1859.
ington and northeastern Oregon. The
to a thriving business climate. A healthy
The spirit of Walla Walla surfaces
excellent facilities, modern equipment
business climate and shopping area add
when you meet its friendly people and
and trained physicians combine to
to the atmosphere of activity and pro-
become aware of the tremendous vol-
make Walla Walla a regional center
gress.
unteer efforts at work which contribute
for health care.
5
Photo by Bill Stine
THINKABOUTABUS!
Vanetransit
Service Monday through Saturday in
Walla Walla & College Place area.
Timed schedule coordinates transfers
0
at 3rd and Main Street.
8 West Poplar Walla Walla WA 99362 for information call (509) 525-9140
6
COLLEGE PLACE
The city of College Place is directly
southwest of Walla Walla and approxi-
mately two and a half miles north of
the Washington/Oregon border.
College Place was brought into
existence through the donation of 40
acres to the Seventh Day Adventist
Church with the condition that a
school be operated for 25 years. Such
an agreement was made and in 1891
a site for the college building was
selected and the town laid out around it.
College Place, a community of ap-
proximately 6,000 people, is a stable,
friendly area where residents enjoy
a quiet, small town atmosphere with
an emphasis on education.
The city, through sound manage-
ment, is the provider of up-to-date
utilities and services and is seeking
to broaden its commercial/industrial
base while maintaining its unique
character.
Photo by John Halbuschak
Share Our
Quality
JCPenney
SERVING
Lifestyle
WALLA WALLA
Quiet, Residential Community
Modern Municipal Services -
YOUR SATISFACTION IS OUR GOAL
Utilities, Fire Protection, Ambulance
Two Large Mobile Home Parks
MAIN & COLVILLE
529-3650
Quality Public and Private Schools
Regular Cultural Attractions
24-Hour Police Protection
Two Beautiful Parks
Light Industry Welcome
OLD STONE
College
MORTGAGE
CORPORATION
Place
Washington
"Come Join Us"
106 N. Second Ave.
P.O. Box 1517
Walla Walla, WA 99362
(509) 525-3500
7
SCOTT REALTY
HERRING
RESIDENTIAL
FUNERAL
FARMS MNGMT
COMMERCIAL WE
60 THE EXTRA
HOME
ScottRealty
A TRADITION OF PERSONAL SERVICE SINCE 1875
SCOTT REALTY
Mrs. Norman Herring, Owner and Licensed Funeral Director
COPIES
5
Mrs. Loyd Mahan, Jr. F.D.
Mrs. Mary Stockham, Asst.
Licensed Staff of All Faiths
BIG IS NOT NECESSARILY BEST,
Leonard Michael, Emb. and F.D. - Ernest F. Hesser, Emb. and F.D.
BUT QUALITY SERVICE
Betty Holway, Office Manager
BY EXPERIENCED REALTORS IS.
Call Day or Night (509) 525-1150
315 W. Alder
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
FARMS
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
ValCom
BUSINESS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS
Member Multiple Listing Service
UC
cott Realty
For Sales, Service, Installation
WALLA WALLA OFFICE
PASCO OFFICE
1750 Portland St.
1207 So. 10th
Walla Walla, WA 99362
1618 Isaacs
Walla Walla, WA 99362
Pasco, WA 99302
(509) 529-9310
(509) 545-5858
509-525-5310
American Telecom
R
HH
MITEL
Realtor
THI
TiE
WALLA WALLA GRAIN GROWERS, INC. - A LEADER IN THE EIGHTIES
Agriculture is the backbone of Walla Walla's
economy and Walla Walla Grain Growers
is proud to be an important part of the ag-
ricultural community. In the last four years,
since 1980, our sales have totaled over one
quarter of one billion dollars. This money
is then invested in Walla Walla in land and
equipment, and goods and services cover-
ing the entire spectrum of Walla Walla's
economy. In the last ten years, Walla Walla
Grain Growers has had earnings of over 15
million dollars and has returned to its nearly
1,200 members almost 9 million dollars in
ALLA WALLA
GLAIN GROWERS
dividends. In addition WWGG has invested
over 9 million dollars in new plant and
equipment in the last ten years.
The purpose of WWGG is to provide storage
and marketing services for its members and
the general public. By maintaining a strong
financial position and investing in modern
facilities we are assuring that a healthy
agricultural economy will have a strong
base for growth in the eighties and beyond.
P.O. Box 310, Walla Walla
Phone (509) 525-6510
8
Walla Walla/College Place
Cradle of
Pacific Northwest History
One of the first areas between the
street is the Liberty Theatre, dated
the Washington Statesman, now the
Rocky and Cascade Mountains to be
1917, marking the location of Steptoe's
Walla Walla Union-Bulletin; the first
settled by white residents, Walla Walla
Fort. From the fanciful silhouette to the
meat market and packing plant began
is called "The Cradle of Pacific North-
Federalist eagles, the building epito-
operations in 1859; the first bank in the
west History." Today you can visit and
mizes early day movie houses.
state was Baker-Boyer National Bank
relive the rich history that unfolded in
established in 1869, and the first rail ser-
the beautiful Walla Walla Valley.
Also within walking distance of down-
vice in the area was the Walla
town are many excellent examples of
Main Street is the address for an end-
Walla/Columbia River Railroad in 1871.
fine historic homes.
less variety of historic "turn of the cen-
Perhaps the area is best known for
tury" business buildings. "Di Brucke,"
Walla Walla has an unusual number
the Whitman Mission which was
the Bridge Building erected in 1903,
of "firsts" in its history. The first institu-
founded in 1836 among the Cayuse In-
spans Mill Creek at First and Main.
tion of higher learning in the area was
dians by Marcus and Narcissa Whit-
Now the Book Nook, it is a feat of intri-
Whitman Seminary, now Whitman Col-
man. This marked the beginning of the
cate brickwork corbelled and studded
lege; one of the first newspapers be-
development of the Walla Walla Valley
with Romanesque medallions. Up the
tween Missouri and the Cascades was
as it is today.
Perkins
ONB
®
Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
OPEN
Old National Bank
7 Days a Week
Member FDIC
6 A.M. to 8 P.M.
15 S. TOUCHET
Let's take care of tomorrow...
(One Block Off E. Main St.)
529-3430
together
Your Full Service Bank
2944 Adjustable Rest
WALLA WALLA BRANCH
For Free Martin Bow
Brochure Send Coupon
TO: MARTIN ARCHERY, INC.
22 E. ALDER
ROUTE 5, BOX 127
WALLA, WALLA, WA 99362 U.S.A.
525-8000
NAME
M-20 Jaguar
ADDRESS
2431E WARTHOG "B"
with energy cams
CITY
STATE
ZIP
Manufactured under Allen Patent NO. 3486495
9
Photo by Bill Stine
PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS
WALLA WALLA
COST
EASTGATE DRUG
529-2171 - 1936 ISAACS AVE.
BOOK NOOK DRUG
Hepler-Jackson
VARIETY CENTERS
529-0850 - FIRST and MAIN ST.
SUPER DRUG AND
SOUTHGATE DRUG
525-5430 - 917 S. 2nd ST
Real Estate
HC
PRESCRIPTION
THE LOWEST
POSSIBLE PRICES
Whether you're selling or buying, you can profit
LOVE
WITHOUT AFFECTING
SPECIALISTS
THE FINEST
by our Professional Services.
IN QUALITY
FEEL SECURE
MAKE US
AND SERVICE
Free market value appraisals, buyer qualification,
YOUR FAMILY PHARMACY
loan and financing assistance, relocation assistance.
PRESCRIPTION SERVICE
WITH A PERSONAL TOUCH
FARMS & RANCHES
You have the right
R
MUL TIPLE LISTING SERVICE
529-7360
to know and compare
REALTOR
MLS
FIRST INTERSTATE BANK BLDG.
Prescription Drug Price
SUITE 216 - 33 EAST MAIN
We've been helping
Walla Walla businesses grow
AIR
RAIL
SHIP
for over fifteen years.
WORLD WIDE TRAVEL SERVICE
RAINIERBANK®
R
525-8040
11 SOUTH FIRST
WALLA WALLA
We're Involved
TICKETS
TOURS
401 S. College Ave., College Place, WA 99324
NO EXTRA CHARGES
© 1983 RAINIER BANCORPORATION
MEMBER F.D.I.C.
10
PEOPLE POWER
SUPERIOR
The People at Pacific
Power
providing power, ser-
vice and skilled energy planning
SIGNS
assistance.
TRUCK LETTERING
SUPERIOR SIGNS
DECALS
529-0924
REAL ESTATE SIGNS
RT. 2, BOX 12
TOP QUALITY
WALLA WALLA, WA
GUARANTEED!
99362
SPOKANE MORTGAGE CO.
Specialists in home financing
VA, FHA, Conventional
Call for a free, no obligation,
prequalification before you buy
120 E. BIRCH #6
525-0800
It's TOC for
OFFICE SUPPLIES
TYPEWRITERS
FURNITURE
CALCULATORS
COPIERS
COMPUTERS
INNOVATION
IN IRRIGATION
DIC
Total Office Concepts
INCORPORATED
Manufacturers of innovative,
2ND & POPLAR
precision-quality products for
WALLA WALLA, WA
525-5600
the growing worldwide
agricultural irrigation market.
HEWITT DISTRIBUTING Co. INC.
Lite
Miller
HIGH LAFE
innovation in irrigation TM
Meister
N
NELSON IRRIGATION
BEER
LOWENBRAU
CORPORATION
R
Route 4, Box 169, Airport Road
Bräu
Walla Walla, WA 99362 U.S.A.
Phone (509) 525-7660
Pat Hewitt
Mike Hewitt
TELEX: 510-770-9341
11
A community
leader and lender since 1905.
JOHN DEERE
FRONTIER MACHINERY
Airport Road
Walla Walla, Washington
(509) 525-2010
FRONTIER
FEDERAL
Serving
Savings and Loan Association
Walla Walla
- Member FSLIC -
Since 1958
FREDERIC DAVIS, M.D. PATHOLOGIST
The More Music Station
ABBAS A. SAMEH, M.D. PATHOLOGIST
K-96
DAVID W. MEEKER, M.D. PATHOLOGIST
FM
ALAN P. PETERSON, M.D. PATHOLOGIST
MUSI-CONNECTION
14
Serving the Walla Walla Valley
ku 5000 WATTS 24 HOURS
Since 1949
Rt. 5, Box 513
Walla Walla, WA 99362
DSM
(509) 529-8000 (509) 547-9600
DAVIS-SAMEH-MEEKER LABORATORIES, P.S.
320 WILLOW ST., WALLA WALLA, WA 99362 529-1770
THE WHITMAN
Abraham's
Motor Inn
107 North Second, Walla Walla, Washington
Tel: 509/525-2200
In the center of it all - downtown.
WALLA WALLA'S FINEST
WENK
DINING ESTABLISHMENT
LARGE COCKTAIL LOUNGE
RESTAURANT and LOUNGE
DANCING TO LIVE MUSIC
Free
AIRPORT COURTESY CAR
...
BANQUET FACILITIES TO 500
IN ROOM COFFEE
IN ROOM MOVIES
107 N. SECOND
IN THE WHITMAN MOTOR INN
A
WEST
529-6000
INNS AFFILIATE
12
Photo by Bill Stine
Walla Walla/College Place
A Great Place To Visit or Live
For the visitor, area motels offer hos-
Water, sewer, police, fire and ambu-
A refreshing mix of older, well kept
pitality and comfortable surroundings.
lance services are provided by the cities
homes and modern homes provides
Banquet facilities and motel accommo-
of Walla Walla and College Place, with
ample room for individual taste and se-
dations can easily satisfy the needs of a
lection. If one enjoys the country life,
seminar, company meeting or conven-
the area offers many excellent sites
tion in southeastern Washington.
near by.
The visitor will be delighted to stroll
Outdoor dining,
Walla Walla/College Place is the re-
to one of the two outdoor street cafes
an enjoyable
gional shopping center for south-
on Main Street or select one of the
eastern Washington and northeastern
many restaurants available for fine din-
experience.
Oregon. A modern shopping mall and a
ing. Fort Walla Walla Park provides a
progressive downtown shopping area
relaxing atmosphere for the tent, trailer
offer variety and convenience. Antique
or RV camper.
shops and health food stores add to the
county fire districts serving the county.
For the resident, Walla Walla offers
unique shopping quality of the area.
Telephone, electricity, natural gas and
all the amenities that provide for a com-
heating oil are provided by private busi-
Daily scheduled air service by Cas-
fortable, enjoyable life.
ness.
cade Airways link Walla Walla with
13
Seattle, Portland and Spokane and con-
The United Way drive is spear-
munity enable the visitor to enjoy a fun-
necting airline service. Passenger rail
headed by volunteers annually, as are
filled weekend.
service via Amtrak is available at Pen-
other fund raising campaigns. Youth
dleton and Pasco, both 40 miles from
4th of JULY IN THE PARK involves
sports and activities through such
Walla Walla. Walla Walla is also served
agencies as the Camp Fire Girls, Girl
community participation as organiza-
by Greyhound Bus Lines. Burlington
Scouts, Boy Scouts, YMCA, YWCA,
tions sell their wares and offer stage-
Northern and Union Pacific Railroads
Youth Soccer Association, youth hoc-
coach and canoe rides. Art displays by
provide freight service while barge
local artists are also part of the celebra-
key, etc. are possible only because of
transportation is available on the Snake
the volunteers who care.
tion. Sounds of the Walla Walla Sym-
and Columbia Rivers. Valley Transit, a
phony bring enjoyment as participants
local bus system, serves residents of
gather at the Park Bandstand.
the Walla Walla/College Place area.
July brings a festival that is truly one
With over 200 clubs and organiza-
Summer special events
of a kind: the annual SWEET ONION
tions represented in the Walla Walla
provide fun
FESTIVAL.
area, there is a wide opportunity for ser-
vice and participation. Five service
for everyone!
Labor Day Weekend draws 90,000
fans to the SOUTHEASTERN WASH-
clubs-Exchange, Jaycees, Kiwanis,
INGTON FAIR & FRONTIER DAYS
Lions and Rotary-meet weekly and
at the fairgrounds. Horses abound in
foster service projects. The VFW,
the Walla Walla area and the fair and
Eagles and American Legion are active
The HOT AIR BALLOON STAM-
rodeo serve to highlight year long
organizations.
PEDE provides a weekend of fun and
achievements for horse owners and en-
Walla Walla senior citizens have a
games for approximately 45 balloonists
thusiast.
wide variety of services available, in-
from throughout the western United
cluding an enterprising Senior Citizen
States. Visitors and Walla Wallans alike
Center. Its volunteers contribute time
can enjoy the splashy, colorful and ex-
and effort to Meals-on-Wheels, Senior
citing weekend spectacle. Annually
Chore services and various other areas
held the first weekend in May, addi-
of assistance.
tional activities throughout the com-
NH&S
We Serve People!
Accounting,
Auditing,
Computers - Software,
Management Consulting
and
Tax Services
Walla Walla
Tri Cities
Seattle
Portland
and Hillsboro
Certified Public
Accountants
NIEMI, HOLLAND & SCOTT
14
1944
Photo By Ron Carlson
Sporleders
$ Women
100
SOPER'S
LEATHER GOODS
Fashions for Men & Women
Quality, Style and Service
Since 1947
SOPER'S LEATHER GOODS
27 WEST MAIN STREET
PHONE 525-8823
WALLA WALLA, WASHINGTON 99362
Luggage - Trunks - Briefcases
Handbags - Personal Leather Goods
Gifts For All Occasions
Western Wear - Riding Apparel
Boots - Moccasins
Sporleders
51 E. MAIN
Western Saddles & Riding Equipment
WALLA WALLA
English Clothing - English Tack
525-4783
SERVING WALLA WALLA FOR OVER 100 YEARS
15
ODD FELLOWS HOME OF WASHINGTON
"The Next Best Thing to Home"
It is our pleasure
It is our concern
to provide
to ensure
Total geriatric
That our family
care
Residential
of residents enjoy
the contentment
apartments
Skilled nursing
of a full, active life
Transportation
with the security
Church services
of medical
attention in the
Family style
same environment
meals
All types of
AMONG FRIENDS
therapy
Open to the
Picnics
Public
Dances
Tours by
Cards & games
appointment or
Shopping
drop-in visits
Dinner outings
welcome.
Arts & Crafts
534 Boyer Avenue
Country Store
Walla Walla, Washington 99362
16
Walla Walla/College Place
The Arts Abound
Photo at left
mental programs offered by area col-
through the Whitman College Harper
by Whitman College.
leges and schools, the music lover
Joy Theatre, Walla Walla Community
will find an oasis in the Walla Walla
College Theatre, Walla Walla College
area.
performances and the Community
Where else would you expect to
Little Theatre.
find a symphony in a community the
Carnegie Center, Sheehan Gallery,
size of Walla Walla? The Walla Walla
Clyde & Mary Harris Gallery, and the
symphony is the oldest continuous
The arts
Mill Creek Gallery offer enjoyment
symphony west of the Mississippi
are for everyone
to the art patron.
and continues to offer an excellent
The area's modern public library is
musical series. Add to this a Com-
visited by over 650 people each day.
munity Concert series, Walla Walla
Library services include information
Community College Summer Musical,
searches, interlibrary loan, story
Walla Walla College Lyceum Series,
A wide variety of theatre experi-
hours, summer reading programs and
special events and vocal and instru-
ences for the enthusiast is available
other young people's activities.
Red Apple
Restaurant
In the Heart of Downtown
Walla Walla
Open 24 Hours
Mon.-Sat.
AMERICAN & MEXICAN FOOD
COCKTAIL LOUNGE
PIANO BAR - DANCING
57 E. MAIN
525-5113
"QUALITY NEED NOT
BE EXPENSIVE"
The one
POOL
SHOWTIME TV
IN-ROOM COFFEE
for excellence
COMMERCIAL
GOVERNMENT
No other bank has been more
closely involved with this region's
FAMILY RATES
businesses than Seafirst. For over
fifty years, we've provided the
people, service and expertise to
help firms prosper and grow. So
look to Seafirst for a measure of
excellence unmatched by any
other bank.
TRAVELODGE
SEAFIRST BANK
Expect excellence.
421 E. MAIN ST.
3rd & Main
WALLA WALLA, WA 99362
Walla Walla, WA 99362
(509) 525-4400
(509) 529-4940 TOLL FREE 1-800-255-3050
17
wallawalla
clinic
55 W. Tieten — Walla Walla, Washington
ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
525-0350
Gregory J. Martonick, M.D.
DERMATOLOGY
525-3160
W. Michael Botkin, M.D.
INTERNAL MEDICINE
525-0350
James A. Beirne, M.D. -
Robert Arnold Johnson, Cardiology
Endocrinology/Nuclear Medicine
Michael Martonick, M.D.
Casey R. Caldwell, M.D.
Ralph R. Rampton, M.D., Cardiology
Robert G. Caudill, M.D.
Philip Siegel, M.D.
John P. Condor, M.D. —
Richard D. Simon, Jr., M.D.
Oncology/Hematology
Lawrence S. Zawatzky, M.D. -
James M. Johnson
Gastroenterology
OPHTHALMOLOGY
535-0350
Yue-Kong Au, M.D.
ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
525-3160
Robert W. Ruggeri, M.D. -
Donald P. Didelius, M.D.
Sports Medicine Clinic
EAR, NOSE & THROAT/FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY
525-3160
Philip R. Morgan, M.D.
PEDIATRICS
Dale E. Dietzman, M.D. -
Carl E. Nelsen, M.D. -
Infectious Diseases
Renal & Metabolic Diseases
Robert H. Schaeffer, M.D. — Allergy
SURGERY
525-3160
Peter T. Brooks, M.D. - General Surgery
Charles J. Filipi, M.D. — General Surgery
Stanley J. Ruff, M.D. -
Milton R. Watson, M.D. -
General & Vascular Surgery
General & Vascular Surgery
UROLOGY
525-3160
Michael R. Conger, M.D.
Duane R. Hedine, M.D.
ANCILLARY SERVICES
Physical Therapy
Dietician
Audiology -
Clinic Pharmacy -
Hearing Aid Service
Drive Up Window Service
HOURS
525-3720
24-Hour
Monday thru Thursday - 9:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.
Answering Service
Friday - 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Saturday - 9:00 a.m. - 12 Noon
18
Walla Walla/College Place
Worship A Way of Life
Church spires dot the Walla Walla/College Place
skyline, a blend of the new and the old. There are
at least 47 churches in the Walla Walla/College
Place area representing most denominations.
The first Presbyterian Church west of the Rock-
ies was organized at Whitman Mission in 1838.
The First Congregational Church had its begin-
ning in 1864 and is the oldest Congregational
Church in Washington State. The lovely sanc-
tuary pictured is a classic example of colonial archi-
tecture and was dedicated in 1931.
GROW WITH
BANK OF THE WEST
Your Community Bank
Which Knows Walla Walla Money
In the heart of downtown Walla Walla -
Serving you from our newly renovated
Historical Building (was the oldest department
store in the state) close to all downtown
businesses.
3rd and Main
522-1020
Eastgate Branch — Convenient drive-in
banking facilities and abundant parking.
Close to major shopping center and mall.
the Wast
Walla Walla & Ash Streets
529-7760
Bank of the West
Bank of the West
Walla Walla's Newest Locally Owned Bank
MEMBER FDIC
19
Walla Walla/College Place
A Commitment to Development
The Port of Walla Walla was formed
Industries attracted to and located in
people. Two of these industries repre-
as a municipal corporation in 1952, and
Walla Walla County due to the CO-
sent the largest tax payers of Walla
since that time it has helped boost the
operation and assistance of the Port of
Walla County and in the aggregate
industrial development of the county.
Walla Walla employ more than 2,300
these industries contribute more than
PORT OF WALLA WALLAWELC
CARGILL, INC.
CONNELL
Burbank Elevator
GRAIN GROWERS
R
RIED
INTE
"Serving the Columbia Basin &
the Pacific Northwest"
Co-operative
Local Towing &
GRAIN - SEEDS
Piledriving, Heavy
TRUCK - RAIL - BARGE
Serving Growers Since 1930
Construction of Irr
Oil Sp
Burbank - 545-1455
(509) 547-9550
Connell - 234-2641
STATE CONTRACTORS RI
(800) 572-9640 WA
(800) 541-9618 ID/OR
P.O. Box 97 - Connell, WA 99326
547-7983
24 H
20
$3.4 million in taxes each year. Truly
dustrial and commercial development.
these industries are an economic asset
All of the land has railroad and highway
PORT
OF
to Walla Walla County.
access and utilities are available. The
Industries located on Port property
Port District has formed the Port of
include a paper products manufacturer,
Walla Walla Public Corporation which
meat packing plant, grain elevators,
can issue Industrial Revenue Bonds for
feed lot, sprinkler equipment manufac-
development of industrial facilities.
YARILY
WALF
turer, handlebar grip manufacturer
The Port District assists interested
and more. From this list, it is easy to
industries in site location in Walla
COLUMBIA
recognize that the Port meets the needs
Walla County. Land zoned for various
of a very diversified group of indus-
types of industry is available.
SNAKE
tries.
For further information on the Port's
RIVER SYSTEM
The American Northwest
Presently the Port District has more
advantages to your company, contact
network to the world
than 150 acres of land available for in-
the Port of Walla Walla.
it works!
MES INDUSTRY TO THE COUNTY
PORT OF WALLA WALLA
Boise Cascade Corporation/Paper Group
Wallula Mill
ATIONAL,
INC.
Inquiries Welcome
Massive growth years for Boise Cascade during the 5 year
period 1978-1982 resulted in big changes for the Wallula
CALL
Mill. What was a small kraft linerboard mill is now a gleaming
g, Land & Water
rine Construction,
(509) 525-3100
new white paper and market pulp complex.
With 500 employees, the Wallula Mill operates two paper
Pumping Stations,
or contact
machines and a pulp dryer. Products include business,
in Up.
Port of Walla Walla
converting, forms, printing and publishing papers-container
board and market pulp. Production capacity-over 1100 tons
TION NO. RI-ED-EI-*3410E
P.O. Box 1077
daily.
29 E. Sumach
(509) 547-2411
one (503) 285-9111
Walla Walla, WA 99362
P.O. Box 500
Wallula, WA 99363
21
WALLA GENERAL HOSPITAL
AL HEALTH RESOURCE CENTER
To
Spokane
Isaacs
Emergency Center
YOUR
Highway 12
Physician on Duty 24 Hours
Main
2
Physician Referral Service
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Rose
Chestnut
9th
Walla
Walla
General
Howard
Orthopedic Medicine
Hospital
Wellness and Comprehensive
Tietan
Health Education Programs
To
Milton-
Freewater
Highway 125
Plaza Way
Abbot
N
Primary Care Nursing
Blue Mt. Sports
Medicine Center
525-0480
529-2061
Walla Walla General Hospital
Fully Accredited
1025 S. Second Avenue
Walla Walla, Washington 99362
22
US.
3015
Photo by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
ITTSBURGH
Photo by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Photo by Ted Mitchel
Walla Walla/College Place
A Place for All Seasons
Walla Walla Valley is the heart of a
excellent bass, catfish, sturgeon and
teams of all age levels compete through-
playground with something for every-
steelhead fishing while local streams
out the city at schools and parks. Sum-
one during all seasons of the year. Be-
draw the angler for trout.
mer recreation programs utilize the
cause of the beauty and natural re-
Opportunities abound for backpack-
city's many fine parks and meet needs
sources of the Blue Mountain area,
ing, trail rides and camping in the
of the community youth.
there is a wide variety of outdoor
rugged Blue Mountains a short distance
activities for fun and relaxation.
Pioneer Park and the park bandstand
away.
date back to 1908 when the Olmstead
Spring and summer offer a time for
Within the community are two well-
Brothers, architects of Central Park
water recreation on the Snake and Col-
groomed golf courses, along with bike
in New York City, were hired as park
umbia Rivers. Various area dams pro-
paths, jogging track, racquetball courts,
planners. The park is a haven for peo-
vide extensive water recreation areas
indoor and outdoor swimming pools,
ple and birds alike. Ducks and geese
with boat docks, launch ramps, shel-
ice skating rink and tennis courts.
are year-round residents on the park's
ters and picnic areas developed and
Forty-two softball teams compete
pond. The nearby aviary, opening dur-
maintained by the Corps of Engineers.
each summer at the Veteran's Memorial
ing the spring of 1984, was built as a
These rivers provide opportunity for
Athletic Complex. Eighty-seven soccer
community project and will display a
23
variety of bird species. May brings the
derland for both skiing and snowmo-
Dogwood trees and tulip beds into full
biling in the nearby Blue Mountains.
bloom along the park's drive to the ori-
Two ski areas, Ski Bluewood and Spout
ginal bandstand, which is still used for
Springs, are within 45 minutes of
music in the park on various occasions.
Walla Walla.
With fall and winter, new opportuni-
The Walla Walla Valley is blessed
ties arise. Migratory waterfowl and up-
with four distinct seasons and a mild
land game bird hunting or the challenge
climate, which means you can enjoy
of elk and deer can be found close at
the out-of-doors throughout the year.
hand. Snowfall creates a winter won-
Photo by City Park & Recreation Department
Photo by Bill Stine
Colleige
Give Your
Family the
Best Quality
at a Fair
Building your
Price
strong tomorrows
Home
the way that
Delivery
they should be
Service
Walla Walla
Yakima
Produced & Packaged in the
Selah
Sunnyside
1
First Federal
WALLA WALLA VALLEY
Richland
Kennewick
Savings
Box 396
Wenatchee
Clarkston
525-5260
First since 1890
College Place
24
Photo by Bill Stine
THE HUB
0
C
00
=
0
"
The
Appliance-TV
Hub
Electronics
CUSTOMER SERVICE
CFrigidaire
-
BLITTON
e
CONCRETE - ROCK - ASPHALT - BLOCKS
ROCK PRODUCT SPECIALISTS
GENERAL
ELECTRIC
Frigidaire
ZENITH
WE BRING GOODTHINGS TOLIFE.
Jenn-Air®
Hotpoint
BLITTON
READYMIX Sand & Gravel Co. Inc.
Microwave Cooking
SONY
S
PIONEER®
THEONEANDONLY
@ HITACHI
Appliance-TV-Electronics
The
OF DOWNTOWN WALLA WALLA
Main Office 938-5581
MAIN & COLVILLE
Main Office 525-9131
Block Division 525-9120
Hub
Make Us No. 1
WALLA
on Your
1
WALLA
DOWNTOWN
Shopping List.
MERCHANTS
Starbuck Division 399-2267 Boardman 481-9246
Serving you since 1955
Phone 525-1500
25
Sights of Interest
You may want to stroll downtown,
using the Downtown Walking Tour
brochure as a guide, and view the many
historical buildings and places of in-
terest.
A visit to Carnegie Center, built in
1905 and converted in 1971 to an exhi-
COUNTRY
bition gallery and handcrafts gift shop,
STORE
is a pleasant experience.
Browsing through Kirkman House,
one of the great houses of the North-
west pioneer era, is an enjoyable way
to spend an afternoon. This house was
built in 1876 and is now being restored
by the Historical Architecture Devel-
opment Corporation. The massive and
handsome brick structure is a splendid
example of Victorian architecture in
the Italianate style and is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places.
Seven miles west of Walla Walla on
Highway 12 is Whitman Mission Na-
Photo by Walla Walla Historical Society
tional Historic Site and Museum. The
National Park Service preserves the
museum offers a rich narrative of the
pioneer village of nine historic and five
1836 site of Marcus and Narcissa Whit-
historical events unfolded in this Valley.
modern buildings, preserving the larg-
man's mission, the common grave for
Fort Walla Walla Park and Museum
est horse era agricultural display in the
the 1847 massacre victims, and a sec-
Complex is part of the 1858 military
west. Nearby is an early military ceme-
tion of the original Oregon Trail. The
reservation. The complex features a
tery and park.
An atmosphere that's a page from Walla Walla's past
TN
KIRKMAN HOUSE
Victorian Period House Museum
National Historic Landmark
1880
Open 1:30 to 4:30 weekdays or by app't.
SALOON
CHERRY ST. COLLECTABLES
Located on the museum grounds
ANTIQUES, BOOKS
214 N. COLVILLE
HISTORICAL PRINTS, PAMPHLETS
WALLA WALLA, WA 99362
FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS
TEL. (509) 529-4373
HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT CORP., PROPRIETOR
BEER - WINE
Rogers walla walla, inc.
DACRES SALOON & RESTAURANT
LUNCH & DINNER
POOL & GAMES
OPEN
Walla Walla
Monday through Thursday - 11 a.m. to 12 p.m.
FAMOUS FOODS FROM THE
Friday and Saturday - 11 a.m. to 2 a.m.
BLUE MOUNTAINS
Located in the Historic Dacres Hotel
207 West Main
phone: 522-0050
P.O. Box 998
Walla Walla, Washington
MICHAEL DRAKE - PROPRIETOR
26
Walla Walla/College Place
A Center for Medical Care
Certainly, hallmarks of the Walla
care in radiation oncology, pulmonary
medical and surgical health care facility
Walla/College Place area are its out-
medicine/respiratory therapy, rehabil-
and maintains inpatient alcohol treat-
standing physicians and unsurpassed
itation medicine, neurology and neuro-
ment and psychiatric units. A range
medical facilities.
surgery, genetics counseling and vas-
of rehabilitation, laboratory, phar-
Approximately 100 physicians repre-
cular surgery.
macy, radiology, intensive care and
senting nearly every medical specialty
The nursery at St. Mary has been
dental services is available to eligible
practice in Walla Walla. Many of them
designated a neonatal intensive care
veterans.
have been trained at renowned medi-
unit. The Medical Center's Home
Walla Walla General Hospital, a
cal institutes throughout the nation
Health Service offers skilled nursing
member of the Adventist Health Sys-
and have been attracted to Walla
and various therapies to persons living
tem, is a 72-bed general acute care
Walla by the sophisticated services
within 30 miles of Walla Walla.
hospital with a wide variety of medical
available at area hospitals.
The Veterans Administration
and surgical services. The philosophy
St. Mary Medical Center, a 146-
Medical Center is located on the
that "staying well is better than getting
bed acute care general hospital owned
grounds of the old Fort Walla Walla
well" extends to patients and com-
and operated by the Sisters of Provi-
and was one of the first military posts
munity members alike, touching all
dence, offers a full range of medical
established in the Pacific Northwest.
aspects of the hospital's total health
and surgical services and psychiatric
Today, the Veterans Administra-
care programs. Among its services
care. Specialists provide regional
tion Medical Center is a 150-bed acute
the hospital provides health education
Sisters of Providence
Founded 1879
St. Mary
Medical Center
Medical Excellence & Compassionate Care
Regional Referral Center
Radiation & Chemotherapy
24-Hour Emergency
Cancer Treatment Center
Care Center
Neurosurgery &
Ambulatory Care
Neurological Testing
Sports Medicine &
Rehabilitation Services
Wellness
Physical Therapy
Home Health Service
Occupational Therapy
Genetics Counseling
Speech Pathology
24-Hour Laboratory
Pulmonary Medicine &
Coronary Intensive
Respiratory Care
Care
Vascular Testing &
Total Outpatient
Surgery
Services
Digital Subtraction
Lifeline
Angiography
Air Ambulance Service
Xero Mammography
St. Mary Medical Center, 401 West Poplar, Walla Walla, Washington 509/525-3320
27
through the Mobile Health Resource
Center.
Area residents have the peace of
mind of knowing that should medical
emergencies happen or health-related
problems arise, local emergency medi-
cal personnel are able to respond
appropriately 24 hours a day.
Full-body CT scanning, an impor-
tant diagnostic tool, is available
through community medical facilities.
Other Services
Dental specialists in Walla Walla
and College Place include orthodon-
tics, prosthodontics and oral surgery.
Community service agencies allied
to health care include: eight nursing
homes, a health clinic, mental health
center, alcohol center, Help Line, re-
tarded citizen center, meals-on-wheels,
and active local chapters of the Ameri-
can Red Cross and all major voluntary
health organizations.
The excellence of these medical
facilities has earned for Walla Walla
the reputation as the center of medical
care for the southeastern Washington
Photo by Bill Stine
and northeastern Oregon region.
D&K Frozen Foods is proud to be a part of the agricultural
economy of the Walla Walla area.
We provide the vital link between the vegetable grower
and the consumer. Our frozen products, including aspar-
FROZEN
FOODS
agus, peas, lima beans, carrots, onions, zucchini squash
INC.
and various vegetable mixes are distributed worldwide as
well as throughout the United
States.
As the largest private employer in
the city, our payroll plays a major
economic role throughout the
community.
Our support of Southeastern
Washington farmers and suppliers
also provides considerable eco-
nomic benefit to Walla Walla and
the surrounding communities.
We feel the future of Walla Walla
is an exciting one, and plan to be
a significant part of that future.
1164 Dell Avenue
Walla Walla
525-7890
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
28
KTEL
1490
ABC
SATELLITE
INFORMATION
525-4103
P.O. Box 948
Today you can cash a check or use a 24-hour
Walla Walla, WA 99362
Day & Night Teller® machine in Walla Walla or at
First Interstate offices throughout the 11 western
states, Alaska and Hawaii. In the future, we'll be
FRINE STREET CLINIC
introducing the kinds of new products and services
that will make you glad you bank at First Interstate
342 therine, Walla Walla WA 99362
Bank of Washington. Today and tomorrow.
ROBERT
M.D.
MDI
CATHERINE
ENHARRI, M.D.I
D
First Interstate Bank
STREET CLINIC
R
Member F.D.I.C.
Walla Walla Branch
5 MD Multi-speciality medical group including
33 East Main
General Surgery, General Internal Medicine and
529-8770
the sub-specialty of Gastroenterology
(509) 525-8110
29
AUTOMOTIVE
WELDING
PARTS &
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES
The bank that's
more than a bank
Walla Walla Motor Supply, Inc.
126 - 128 E. ALDER
has more ways
PHONE 509-525-2940
for you to invest
WALLA WALLA, WA 99362
your money.
Member
ALFRED O. LENTZ
MILLION
DOLLAR
Washington Mutual 000
& ASSOCIATES
ROUND
TABLE
The bank that's more than a bank.™
Washington Mutual Savings Bank and its affiliates:
We Insure Your Most Valuable Asset
Murphey Favre, Inc./Composite Research and Management Co./
Washington Mutual Service Corp.
YOU!!!
Member FDIC. Murphey Favre: Member SIPC
P.O. Box 522
Office: (509) 529-2804
509-529-5213
Walla Walla, WA 99362
Home: (509) 529-7459
28 E. ALDER - WALLA WALLA WA 99362
Working for the Future
through your children
WALLA WALLA VALLEY EDUCATION ASSN.
An affiliate of WEA and NEA
Looking
231 DRUMHELLER BLDG.
Down
The Line
JOHN DEERE
John Deere
Looking ahead
makes fast work
in order to develop energy resources
for tomorrow, while providing jobs
and tax revenues for our
of big jobs
pipeline communities today.
Cottingham
G
Sales &
Rentals
JOHN DEERE
2921 MELROSE WALLA WALLA 522-2000
Pacific Gas Transmission
30
Photo by Bill Stine
Walla Walla/College Place
Education
Something Special
Educational opportunities in the
covers approximately 30 square miles
Whitman College is the only
Walla Walla Area are excellent. Unlike
and two schools. Davis Elementary
Washington private college included
most areas, students can choose from
and John Sager Middle School have
in The Times' Book, which is, accord-
a variety of public and private schools
an annual enrollment of about 500 stu-
ing to the editor, a selection of "the
at the primary, and secondary educa-
dents. College Place public school
best and most interesting four-year
tion levels.
students in grades 10-12 attend Walla
institutions in the country." The CO-
Walla High School.
educational, independent liberal arts
Walla Walla Public School District
college is the oldest chartered insti-
is comprised of a well trained, dedi-
Religious school systems are also
tution of higher education in Washing-
cated professional staff which serves
well represented. The Seventh-Day
ton State.
student needs in six elementary
Adventist Church and the Catholic
schools, a child development center,
Church operate independent K-12
The picturesque campus is situated
in the heart of Walla Walla at the foot
two junior high schools and an AAA
programs. In addition, the Liberty
high school. Average district enroll-
Christian School operates a preschool
of the Blue Mountains. A wide variety
ment is approximately 5,000 students.
through grade 11 program.
of outdoor activities include cross-
country skiing, backpacking, hiking,
Students wishing to continue their
kayaking, rafting and rock climbing.
The College Place School District
education have three excellent facili-
The enrollment of 1,100 men and
is a non-high school district which
ties right at home from which to choose.
women is perhaps ideal for a residen-
31
tial liberal arts college. The faculty-to-
law, business, engineering, education
one, two and four year studies. Mas-
student ratio of 1 to 13 encourages
and others. Academically, students
ters programs are also offered in edu-
close and personal relationships. The
are encouraged to develop the ability
cation and biology. The college is
broad and flexible curriculum includes
to think, to reason, to read critically,
especially known for its programs in
preprofessional programs in medicine,
to write effectively, to weigh evidence
engineering, education and biology.
and make sound judgments, and to
interrelate various disciplines.
Walla Walla Community College
is a public coeducational two-year
Walla Walla College, a fully ac-
college offering extensive high quality
credited Christian school, is part of a
programs in academic transfer, voca-
worldwide netowrk of educational insti-
tional, developmental and continuing
tutions operated by the Seventh-Day
education.
Adventist Church. The school's prin-
The WWCC campus includes 20
cipal goal throughout its 90 years has
learning and activity sites. On 86 acres
KIBLER
been to provide an environment and
sit 14 buildings including a domed
an education that lead to the harmo-
community athletic facility and a 35,000
DEVELOPMENT
nious development of a student's moral,
volume library.
physical and spiritual powers.
The 5,000 students come to the col-
Real Estate Sales
The 63-acre campus is located in
lege from 50 states and from 10 foreign
Counseling
the heart of College Place in the fertile,
countries. However, more than 90
Appraising
wheat-growing Walla Walla Valley.
percent of the students enrolled live
Walla Walla College offers a vibrant,
within the four-county college district.
LES KIBLER, Broker
family type experience on campus for
The faculty includes 140 highly quali-
its students. The varied, highly quali-
fied instructors plus an equal number
14 E. Main
Suite 5
fied faculty members are often the stu-
of adjunct faculty. Walla Walla Com-
Walla Walla, WA 99362
dent's friends outside the classroom.
munity College is fully accredited by
525-8807
MLS
Academically, nearly 60 different
the Northwest Association of Second-
REALTOR
options are available, with degrees for
ary and Higher Schools.
Walla Walla
Community College
Glidden
VAN PETTEN
Serving the Educational,
LUMBER &
and Training Needs of
the People of
HARDWARE CO.,
Southeastern Washington
INC.
500 Tausick Way
Walla Walla, WA 99362
AREA CODE (509) 525-4000
(509) 522-2500
508 WELLINGTON
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1648
WALLA WALLA, WA
99362
32
WALLA WALLA
SWEET ONION COMMISSION
WALLA
WALLIA
GENUINE
SWEET
Walla Walla,
Washington
ONIONS
(TRADEMARK REGISTERED & OWNED BY WALLA WALLA SWEET ONION COMMISSION)
Taruscio
Fresh Pak Inc.
You've probably tried other sween onions
but you
haven't tried the best until you've had WALLA WALLA
Farms
Brand:
SWEETS. Try some and you'll see why they're
Jacks Finest
Stream Line
called the "SWEETEST ONIONS ON EARTH!" And don't forget
to look for the above seal on each sack. It's your guarantee
509-529-2380
509-547-1771
of quality. Only genuine WALLA WALLA SWEETS will carry it.
509-529-7667
Jack Guier
SHIPPING JUNE TO MID-AUGUST
Dave Darrington
Jerry Guier
CALL THESE WALLA WALLA SHIPPERS
Nick Taruscio
Mojonnier
Northwest Gold
Pacific Fruit &
Walla Walla
Bossini
& Sons Inc.
Produce Inc.
Produce Co.
Gardeners
Packing Co.
Brand:
Brands:
Association
Brands:
Brand:
King Spear
Blue Mountain
Snoboy
Brand:
Boss-Man
Miss Walla Walla
Gloria
Sweet Leo
Best Grown
W.W.
509-529-2932
509-529-6420
509-525-9252
509-525-7070
509-525-2122
Willard Petersen
Northwest Fresh
Joe Toppano
Paul Hammack
Greg Bossini
Steve Ayers
(509) 662-3481
Frank Laufer
Bryon Magnagli
33
Agriculture
and business
work together
in Walla Walla/
College Place.
Photos by Bill Stine.
34
Walla Walla/College Place
Agriculture & Business
A True Partnership
While the economy of the Walla
Walla Valley is based primarily on
agriculture, other manufacturers are
high on the industry list.
Walla Walla boasts the world's larg-
est manufacturer of sprinkler heads as
well as frozen and canned food indus-
tries. Two other major industries not
related to agriculture and distributed
worldwide are Martin's Archery,
makers of archery equipment, and
NeoTech International, manufacturers
of Grab-On handlebar grips.
Governmental and public sector
businesses are also a vital part of the
Walla Walla County economy.
The Washington State Penitentiary
houses approximately 1,000 inmates
and employs 650 persons with an an-
nual payroll of over $12 million.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
maintains a district office at the Walla
Walla City-County Airport. The Corps
is responsible for development of water
resource projects and other civil works
activities in the Snake River Basin, an
area including more than 114,000
square miles. The district has an an-
Photo by Bill Stine
nual budget of over $74 million and
employs about 655 permanent em-
southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and
exceptionally long growing season,
ployees as well as 120 temporary sea-
south central Washington.
averaging 200 days a year. Because
sonal employees.
Other major employers include the
the altitude in the county varies from
Walla Walla serves as the head-
school district, hospitals, colleges,
350 feet at the western end to 3,000
quarters of the Snake River Area of the
airline, city and county government.
feet in the Blue Mountain foothills, a
Bonneville Power Administration, the
The 31 major area employers repre-
wide variety of growing conditions and
federal power marketing agency. More
sent a combined work force of over
crops are present. Rainfall ranges from
than 280 Bonneville employees includ-
9,500 persons and an annual payroll of
7 to 39 inches.
ing 42 people in Walla Walla are located
close to $152 million.
With over 273,000 acres under culti-
in cities and communities throughout
The Walla Walla Valley enjoys an
vation in wheat with a value of approx-
Five of the top industries in the area include:
Firm
Product
Employees
Annual Payroll
IBP, Inc.
Meat Packing
1,300
$19 million
Boise Cascade
Pulp, Paper & Containers
620
18 million
D & K Frozen Foods
Frozen Vegetables
*200-800
5.9 million
Rogers Walla Walla
Canned Vegetables
*120-550
4.4 million
Continental Can Co.
Cans for Food Processing
135
3 million
*These industries are subject to seasonal employment shifts.
35
Photo by Ron Carlson
mately $62 million, the area has long
been recognized as a major wheat pro-
Top Ranking Crops
ducing region. While wheat remains
king in the county, it is not the area's
Crop
Acres
Value
only crop.
Wheat
273,050
$61,910,000
The Walla Walla Sweet Onion, well
Alfalfa Hay
22,000
9,680,000
known for its sweetness, flavor and
Potatoes
4,012
8,029,000
tender succulence, has been developed
Asparagus
6,077
7,638,789
over several generations by local Walla
Barley
18,620
5,736,000
Walla growers. These Walla Walla
Alfalfa Seed
9,000
4,657,500
Sweets, shipped nationwide, are unique
Green Peas
14,412
2,700,000
to the Walla Walla Valley where soil,
Concord & Wine Grapes
1,945
3,417,000
climate and careful selection of seed
Sweet Onions
800
960,000
insure quality. The combination of
Total farm income in the county is well over $110 million.
these factors has produced one of the
sweetest onions in the world.
Grape vineyards and wineries are a
produce a superior quality wine grape.
nay, Cabernet Blanc, Cabernet Sauvig-
growing industry in Walla Walla County.
Appellation boundaries cross the state
non and White Rieslings. Lowden
Climate and soil are the key to the in-
line into Oregon, the only Pacific North-
School House Winery expects to re-
crease in grape production for the Val-
west one to do so.
lease the first wines in 1984. Two addi-
ley. The Snake River Vineyard has the
Award winning table wines are the re-
tional wineries will open in the imme-
distinction of being the largest concord
sult of small vineyards located through-
diate area within the next year. Each
grape vineyard in the world. The
out the area. Leonetti Cellar, located in
winery will arrange tours by appoint-
Federal Government recently ap-
Walla Walla, specializes in Cabernet
ment.
proved this area as the "Appellation
Sauvignon and fruity rieslings. Wood-
Seven other wineries are located
Walla Walla Valley", a distinct designa-
ward Canyon Winery, 16 miles north-
within a 75 mile radius of the Walla
tion recognizing the ability of the area to
east of Walla Walla, features Chardon-
Walla/College Place area.
36
Index to Advertisers
Odd Fellows Home of Washington
16
Old National Bank
9
Abraham's
12
Old Stone Mortgage Corporation
7
Baker Boyer Bank
Inside Front Cover
Pacific Gas Transmission
30
Bank of the West
19
Pacific Power
11
Boise Cascade Corp./Paper Group
Center Spread
J.C. Penney
7
Cargill, Inc.
Perkins
Center Spread
9
Catherine Street Clinic
Pioneer Title Company of Walla Walla
2
29
Coldwell Banker
Pony Soldier Motor Inn
40
1
Port of Walla Walla
College Dairy
24
Center Spread
College Place
7
Rainier Bank
10
Connell Grain Growers
Center Spread
Ready Mix Sand & Gravel Co. Inc.
25
Continental Can Co.
37
Red Apple Restaurant
17
Cottingham Sales & Rentals
30
Riedel International, Inc.
Center Spread
D & K Frozen Foods Inc.
Rogers Walla Walla, Inc.
26
28
The Dacres Saloon
26
Scott Realty
8
Davis-Sameh-Meeker Laboratories, P.S.
12
St. Mary Medical Center
27
Disposal Services
2
Seafirst Bank
17
First Federal Savings
Soper's Leather Goods
15
24
First Interstate Bank
Spokane Mortgage Co.
11
29
Frontier Federal Savings and Loan Assn.
Sporleders
15
12
Frontier Machinery
Superior Signs
11
12
Hepler-Jackson Real Estate
TraveLodge
17
10
Herring Funeral Home
Total Office Concepts
11
8
Hewitt Distributing Co. Inc.
11
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
2
The Hub
25
ValCom
8
KHIT Radio
2
Valley Transit
6
Kibler Development
32
Van Petten Lumber & Hardware Co., Inc.
32
Kirkman House
26
Walla Walla Clinic
18
KTEL Radio
29
Walla Walla College
Back Cover
KUJ Radio
12
Walla Walla Community College
32
Alfred O. Lentz & Associates
30
Walla Walla General Hospital
22
Linscott Wylie & Blize, Inc.
Inside Back Cover
Walla Walla Grain Growers
8
Low Cost Super Drug & Variety Centers
10
Walla Walla Motor Supply, Inc.
30
Walla Walla Sweet Onion Commission
33
Martin Archery, Inc
9
Walla Walla Valley Education Assn.
30
Nelson Irrigation Corporation
11
Washington Mutual
30
Ken Nicoles, Photography
Inside Back Cover
The Whitman Motor Inn
12
Niemi, Holland & Scott
14
World Wide Travel Service
10
CONTINENTAL CAN COMPANY
13th & Dell Ave.
Walla Walla
Producing Quality Containers for
These and other Fine Companies:
ROGERS WALLA WALLA, INC.
AMERICAN FINE FOODS, INC.
TREE TOP, INC.
Your Partner in
NALLEY'S FINE FOODS
Area Business over 40 Years
AMERICAN POTATO CO., INC.
R. T. FRENCH CO., INC.
WELCH FOODS, INC.
SNO-KIST GROWERS, INC.
HI COUNTRY FOODS CORP.
YAKIMA VALLEY GRAPE PRODUCERS
SAFEWAY STORES, INC
HOPS EXTRACT CORP. OF AMERICA
JOHN I. HAAS, INC.
Pride in Product
Pride in Participation
Pride in People
Our Walla Walla Facility
A Member of the CONTINENTAL GROUP
produces over 200 million
Family of fine Companies in
recyclable Metal Cans per year!
PACKAGING
Placed End to End those
FOREST PRODUCTS
containers would extend more
INSURANCE
than half way around the World.
ENERGY
37
Walla Walla/College Place
Community Profile
CLIMATE
Sunshine, warm summers and mild winters depict the climate for the Walla Walla/College Place area. The Blue Moun-
tains serve to protect as well as enhance the area's weather. Summers are quite warm, but the humidity is low with an
average of only 4 days over 100°F. 20" of snow may fall in a season with zero or colder readings seldom experienced.
Mean Temperature
Average Inches
Min. (°F.)
Max. (°F.)
January-March
27.5
39.3
2.07
April-June
43.0
62.6
1.43
July-September
62.3
88.9
.33
October-December
44.9
63.9
1.49
ANNUAL
44.7
63.4
16.01
POPULATION
1970
1980 Census
April 1, 1983
Walla Walla
23,619
25,618
25,800
Metro Area (Within radius of 20 miles)
43,284
45,000
approx.
County
42,176
47,435
48,200
Trade Area (within radius of 50 miles)
150,000
approx.
College Place
5,594
5,675
Burbank Division
3,146
Prescott
341
Touchet Division
1,263
Waitsburg
1,035
GROWTH IN POPULATION
% Change
% Change
1970
1970/1960
4/1/80
1980/1970
1979
1980
1981
1982
Median
City
23,619
3.7
25,618
8.5
Age
31.1
31.6
31.4
31.8
County
42,176
21.0
47,435
12.5
No. of
15.8
17.3
17.7
17.7
Households
Thous.
Thous.
Thous.
Thous.
1979
1980
1981
1982
18-24 years
16.9%
15.7%
15.3%
15.0%
25-34 years
13.9%
15.2%
16.4%
16.6%
35-49 years
15.1%
15.7%
15.4%
15.8%
50 & over
29.5%
29.0%
28.7%
28.8%
RETAIL STATISTICS FOR WALLA WALLA COUNTY
1979
1980
1981
1982
Total Retail Sales
$148,160,000
$169,060,000
$185,033,000
$196,836,000
Effective Buying Income
$381,140,000
$473,299,000
$545,676,000
$443,893,000
Median Household EBI
20,126
22,928
25,838
21,059
38
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD
BY EBI GROUP:
1979
1980
1980
1982
$10,000-$14,999
11.6%
10.2%
9.6%
$10,000-$19,999
25.8%
$15,000-$24,999
23.7%
21.1%
18.6%
$20,000-$34,999
30.9%
$25,000 & over
39.0%
45.6%
$35,000-$49,999
15.2%
$25,000-$49,999
38.3%
$50,000 & over
6.6%
$50,000 & over
13.3%
SERVICES
UTILITIES
Cascade Natural Gas
324 W. Rose, 99362
509-529-2390
Department of Public Works (water, sewer & sanitation)
P.O. Box 478, 99362
509-527-4463
Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone
103 S. Second, 99362
509-838-6636
Pacific Power & Light
26 N. Second, 99362
509-525-2341
(Rural areas served by Columbia REA)
COMMUNICATIONS: Daily Newspaper: Walla Walla Union Bulletin, P.O. Box 1358
Weekly Advertising Newspaper: Buyline, 210 E. Alder
K-HIT
KTEL
KUJ
K96
KEXI
KSXT
KGTS
KWCW
Group W Cable TV
EMPLOYMENT:
Washington State Employment
Security Department
321 E. Main, 99362
509-527-4393
TRANSPORTATION:
Rail
- Freight via Union Pacific and Burlington Northern
Air
- Cascade Airways providing regional service to major connections
Additional service available: charter service, sales flight instruction, air ambulance
Bus — Northwest Greyhound, Valley Transit provides public transportation serving
Walla Walla and College Place
Truck - Interstate and Intrastate carriers serve the area
FINANCIAL
Financial Institutions include nine banks and two savings and loans
Baker-Boyer National Bank
Seattle-First National Bank
Bank of the West
Sterling Savings
Capital Savings
Washington Mutual Savings
First Interstate Bank
1st Federal Savings and Loan
Old National Bank
Frontier Federal Savings
Rainier National Bank
1983 Bank Assets were approximately $461,500,000
LICENSING:
Driver's License - Dept. of Licensing
145 Jade
527-4358
Vehicle Licensing, Walla Walla County Auditor
Court House
529-7370
Dog License
City Hall, 3rd & Rose
527-4540
TAXES:
The State of Washington has no state income tax; retail sales tax of 6.5% (Walla Walla retail
tax is 7.3%) (College Place retail tax is 7.8%).
GOVERNMENT:
City Government: City Hall. P.O. Box 478, Walla Walla 99362. Council-Manager form of
government with 7 elected members, one elected by council as Mayor. City Manager ad-
ministers 8 city departments - Administrative Services, Public Works, Library, Parks &
Recreation, Police, Fire, Community Development & Legal Services. Joint City/County
Services are Health Department, Airport and Ambulance.
County Government: 315 W. Main, Walla Walla 99362. County Commission form of gov-
ernment with 3 elected commissioners and the following elected officials: Auditor, Clerk,
Prosecuting Attorney, Coroner, Sheriff, Treasurer, Assessor, District & Superior Court Judges.
39
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jche
Joint Center for Higher Education
W421 Riverside, Suite 1004, Spokane, Washington 99201
(509) 623-4242 SCAN 353-4242
September 11, 1989
509/534-3236
Ms. Peggy Dooley
Old Executive Office Building
Room 111
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Peggy:
I am enclosing a book put out after Expo '74 containing text about
Spokane and about the fair. Some of the questions you asked me
required more specific answers than this book contains, 50 I will give
a few of them to you here and now.
Spokane still is the smallest city by far ever to have hosted a
World's Fair. And it was a great success.
Expo '74 had 5.1 million visitors throughout the 185 days of its run.
It transformed an area covered with industrial and railroad uses into
the 100-acre Riverfront Park. It changed the Spokane River from a
forgotten, neglected, and polluted waterway into one in which fishing,
boating, and swimming are commonplace. The Centennial Trail itself,
along the riverbanks from the old Expo site to the Idaho boundary,
has its beginnings in the residuals of Expo '74. Other residuals
include the 2600-seat world class Opera House and Conference Center
(the Ag Trade Center), the beautiful, historic hand-carved carousel,
and the renewed Spokane Falls Boulevard bordering the central business
district. The downtown itself was completely changed in preparation
for the fair, and with its trees, street furniture, lights, and
skywalks has won many awards as a much-envied, strong city center in
Western America.
Most of all, Spokane was left with a "can do" attitude which has
consistently produced major projects with public/private partnership
support.
The exposition cost the community virtually nothing since it paid for
itself, but we raised $6 million to get it opened and were at risk for
about $25 million until it closed. The on-site improvements brought
here by foreign and domestic exhibitors as well as concessionaires
amounted to almost $100 million in cost. The price tag for all
off-site private and public improvements in the downtown, on freeways,
at the airport, and in neighborhoods has been reckoned at about
one-third of a billion dollars.
-1-
0
:-:
030
....
new
to
she
unite
::
093
120
on:
.0
Page Two - Letter to Ms. Peggy Dooley from Mr. King Cole
Our congressman, Speaker of the House Tom Foley, was as important a
player in this project as anyone, especially in securing early grants
with Senators Jackson and Magnuson for acquiring and developing the
site, and then in getting congressional money for the United States
Pavilion which was the key to foreign participation.
President Nixon opened the exposition on a glorious May morning to the
applause of 80,000 visitors from all over the world and the United
States. Spokane has been an international city ever since.
Sincerely,
Kucher King Cole
Executiv Director
Enclosures
KC:da
SPOKANE IS..
.........................
SPOKANE IS...
SPOKANE
ALL-AMERICA CITY
****
IIIIII
SPOKANE
IS
PHOTOGRAPHY BY: DAVID A. KRISE, STEVEN L. CONNER AND DOUGLAS R. HOHENSTEIN OF
KROMA INTERNATIONAL GRAPHICS CENTER
Text by Donna Odean
and Warner Leeds
Published by Kroma International Graphics Center
West 430 Sharp Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99201
First Printing
Copyright © 1979 by Kroma International Graphics Center
Printed in the United States of America
3
CONTENTS
SPOKANE BY DAY & NIGHT
7
SPOKANE ON THE MOVE
9
SPOKANE "ALL-AMERICA CITY"
11
EXPO '74
13
SPOKANE RIVERFRONT PARK
15
THE THRUST CONTINUES
18
SPOKANE PARKS
21
PERFORMING ARTS
25
CHURCHES, HOSPITALS, EDUCATION
27
SPORTS/SPRING AND SUMMER
31
SPORTS/FALL AND WINTER
33
THE GREAT INLAND EMPIRE
35
AGRICULTURE
36
LUMBER
37
MINING
38
INDUSTRY
39
CONVENTION CITY
41
YESTERDAY
44
EPILOGUE
46
5
Daytime Spokane is
businessmen with million dollar vision and a
little girl with a nickel, sharing a spirit that says
let's spend it here — a unanimous investment of
hope, enterprise and affection.
Spokane after dark is
neon starlight skipping along funstreets, a
still
safe nightcity decked in evergreen wraps that
defy
eason_to pretend quite credibly that holidays
last all year.
Daytime Spokane
Every day, Spokane awakes and hustles - with a
counties in Washington, Idaho, Oregon and Montana.
captivating combination of friendliness, imagination,
Largest city of this region, and second largest in
energy and promise.
Washington, metro Spokane is service and commercial
Here, in a warm, sophisticated center of 177,000
capital for an 80,000 square mile marketing area.
active people (immediately neighbored by another,
A stable, educated work force with median
suburban 126,000) is the financial, distribution,
American statistics, in a striking beneficial
retailing, cultural and medical center for the Inland
environment, mark sunny Spokane as still infant in
Pacific Northwest, joined as the "Inland Empire" by 36
its potential. And suitably rosy-cheeked.
Spokane after dark
The sun may go down, but Spokane's tempo stays
Spokane Civic Theatre, Playfair Race Track and more.
excitingly upbeat.
In one event or another, resident or visitor can
Symphony or Shakespeare. Boogie, Broadway or
include such varied drawing cards as the Moiseyev
ballet. Scampi, Sukiyaki or Boeuf Bourguignonne, that
Dance Company, the National Chinese Opera
are a microcosm of unmistakably cosmopolitan
Company, the Denver Broncos or Charlie Pride in a
pleasures.
country-western concert appearance.
Let your whim lead the way and set the pace.
Spokane's own Symphony Orchestra and the city's
From the hearty to the funky to the elegant,
renowned Lilac Festival and Armed Forces Torchlight
Spokane's restaurants offer traditional Americana,
Parade are standout attractions.
unusual regional choices and a rainbow of colorfully
And unlike many other cities of comparable size in
international places to dine.
our nation, Spokane does not have ghettos or large
Entertainment centers include the Coliseum, Albi
pockets of poverty, and its streets are generally safe to
Stadium, the Opera House and Convention Center,
walk at night.
7
Spokane is
a great, rolling, evergreen romp just off your
wingtip - as a slanting sun shadowcarves the
city's canyons, woodlands and escarpments into a
nature-framed adventure in living.
Spokane on the Move
This city is one of bold relief, covering 60 square
daylight than any other major U.S. city.
miles of highlands. The downtown core is built on a
The weather is generally dry and warm in summer,
valley plain just south of the Spokane River.
cold and moderately humid in winter. Average annual
Residential areas, notable for their pine-treed beauty,
precipitation is 17.45 inches. Snowfall averages 53.6
are built on basalt cliffs to the south and west and
inches each year, with warming intervals generally
across sloping hillsides to the north and east.
preventing snow from reaching excessive depths.
From the air, the impression is one of vast swaths of
Airport altitude is 2,346 feet above sea level.
trees, jigsawed by bluffs and water-sculpted canyons
Spokane is intersected by major highways, both
and bisected by the dramatic Spokane River. Two
east-west and north-south. The city's east-west
spectacular downtown waterfalls lend wonder to the
freeway, passing through downtown, is part of the U.S.
heart-of-the-city Riverfront Park.
transcontinental Interstate system. United, Northwest
The county seat, Spokane is centrally located in
Orient, Hughes Airwest, Cascade, Evergreen, Frontier
eastern Washington, 18 miles west of the Idaho
and Aeroamerica are among the airlines serving the
border. Its location affords a pleasant climate which
ultra-modern Spokane International Airport. Amtrak
inspired the name "children of the sun" for its citizens
service and express buses also link Spokane with the
(81% in July, 20% in December), with more hours of
Inland Empire and the nation.
N
B
ONB
Spokane is
one of the showplaces of western America,
first dreamed, then brought to reality by a
bootstrap brigade of believers who achieved a
landmark turnaround applauded everywhere.
Spokane "All-America City"
Try this on for size.
growing. Expo '74 was the opening gun in a private
In 1974, Spokane stepped confidently into global
enterprise offensive, with technical/tactical support
boots and marched right into the record books.
from city government, for dramatic short and long
Another "mouse that roared," the city made its play
term redevelopment of downtown and the greater
for fame by planning, creating and staging a full-scale
riverfront area. In 1961, Spokane businessmen
World's Fair. Confounding the skeptics, Spokane drew
banded together as "Spokane Unlimited," a non-profit
5.2 million delighted Fair patrons over its doorstep
corporation activated to respond to the challenge of
during Expo '74.
population and jobs loss due to technological
Mark II. In 1975, the National Municipal League -
adjustments.
in a highly competitive contest - selected Spokane as
They helped things happen.
one of 12 United States' cities to be designated an
Some $52 million has been invested in
"All-America City."
improvements. Major banks, department stores, office
Mark III. The National Association of Realtors cited
towers. Two new 750-1000 car parking structures.
Spokane in 1977 as one of the two most outstanding
Nostalgically, architecturally and tastefully outstanding
examples of downtown revitalization in all western
restorations of business blocks and aging buildings.
America.
Brilliant new downtown lighting. A planned
Mark IV. Also in 1977, the National Society of
proliferation of mature tree plantings (560 in all!),
Professional Engineers selected Spokane's newly
sidewalk furniture and drinking fountains, new paving
upgraded advanced waste water treatment plant as one
- funded and initiated even prior to Expo '74 through
of the ten outstanding engineering feats of the year.
a voluntary self-assessment tax of $2,000,000 by
Mark V. On May 5, 1978, some 80,000 Spokane
downtown property owners.
citizens turned out to welcome United States President
Paralleling the private sector in the same project, the
Jimmy Carter as he officially dedicated Spokane's new
city obtained a grant to computerize traffic signal
$23.5 million Riverfront Park.
controls. And a unique system of overhead, weather-
Mark VI. In November, 1978, the City of Spokane
protected "skywalks" took shape linking a six-block
was presented with an outstanding design award by the
area of office buildings, shops and department stores
Washington Chapter, American Society of Landscape
for "mall" type shopping and strolling, balmy in all
Architects, for its downtown landscaping beautification
seasons. (This skywalk system in 1977 and 1978
program.
earned Spokane special citations for outstanding
Spokane wears its honors proudly, and the reasons
pedestrian program activities among cities of
quite visibly.
100,000-200,000 populations, presented by the
At a time when many major U.S. core cities are
American Automobile Association.)
decaying, Spokane's downtown business is healthy and
Then came the Spokane 1974 World's Exposition.
11
Spokane is
a faith that believed itself and the Earth, and
wrought an epic in steel, wonder and alabaster to
celebrate both. And the world joined in.
Hydroelectricity provides the power
vital to Spokane industry. Dancing
spray on the Spokane River obscures
the Washington Water Power's Mon-
roe Street generating plant, oldest
continuously operating hydroelectric
facility in the State.
World's Fair
*THE
EARTH
DOES
BELONG
expo'74
Expo '74
of the union, too, and such leading corporations as
General Motors, Ford, Bell Telephone and General-
Time, 1974. Spokane's dream in the harsh light of
Electric.
conventional wisdom, quite patently incredible.
This medium-sized city, in a lesser-known part of the
Spokane hosted a World's Fair, Expo '74, fully
Pacific Northwest, pulled off its contemporary miracle
sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions
with style and a thumping "we told you we could do it."
meeting in Paris, and opened by the President of the
Related closely to its thundermist falls, their beauty the
United States, Richard M. Nixon.
ultimate highlight of the fair site, Expo '74 left Spokane
Expo '74 is history now. Metro Spokane (total
revitalized and enriched beyond all predictions. The
population at that time 285,000) packed in 5.2 million
World's Fair proved a catalyst in the community's giant
people from around the globe during its six-month run.
step forward in its quality of life. This was a true
No "bedroom community" to call upon, as enjoyed by
renaissance in culture, entertainment, education,
Montreal and New York. An energy crunch that brought
sophistication and the area economy.
a crippling fuel shortage.
The environmental theme touched a nerve and
And yet they came and they came. Testimony to the
fashioned a trend that hasn't yet stopped. Direct fair-
vigor, conviction and imagination of a city that made up
oriented business activity included $13.5 million in
its mind that it could
and did!
payrolls, $14.2 million spent locally for materials and
Rising to the theme, "Celebrating tomorrow's fresh new
supplies, and some $10 million in visitor expenditures.
environment," ten major nations participated with soaring
Applying a standard multiplier effect, Expo's total
pavilions. The Soviet Union, the United States, West
economic impact will approach $118 million, and the
Germany, Australia, Iran, the Republic of China, South
ten-year long term effect in direct and indirect benefits is
Korea, Japan, the Philippines and Canada. Major states
expected to reach $690 million.
13
Spokane is
a sense of going places, a conviction, a gallop
and a chrysalis - together in boiling up a
bountiful head of steam for the city's high rolling
calliope.
Spokane Riverfront Park
Once challenge was successfully met, the act of
Expo '74's former United States Pavilion remains,
responding to it - the duty if you will - wasn't lightly
housing a Pavilion entertainment center with ice rink,
set aside.
children's petting zoo, IMAX Theatre (with the world's
With Expo '74 in the history books, Spokane set its
largest movie screen), art and exhibit hall, western
imagination, investment and elbow-grease to work
restaurant and "Spokane Story" exhibit.
immediately to transform the World's Fair site into its
A turn-of-the-century carrousel, imported from Europe
new incarnation - a multi-faceted urban park facility in
and handsomely restored, delights visitors of all ages. A
the very financial and retail heart of the city.
soaring aerial gondola ride over the falls takes their
The project covered some four years, and involved
breath away. The historic clock tower and carillion
$8.9 million in local bonds and levy funds, $6.05 million
reminds them of the site's original railroading past.
in land gifts from major railroads, and about $8 million in
federal and state grants.
And on May 5, 1978 Spokane Riverfront Park -
On the southeastern edge of Riverfront Park, the
considered one of the major outdoor entertainment
Spokane Opera House and Convention Center offers
facilities in the nation - was officially dedicated by the
major entertainment and cultural activities in the
President of the United States Jimmy Carter.
performing arts, making this one of the most
This is a people's park, lively with opportunities for
dramatically complete heart-of-the-city parks anywhere
diversion - lunchtime, evening or weekend. Some 50
in the world.
acres of lush, gently rolling parkland, young trees and
The Park has a residual value of $23.5 million, and
flowers, natural amphitheatres, foot and bicycle paths
encourages a staggering $300 million of new fringe
and bridges built around the plunging falls and rushing
development in the city center.
waters of the Spokane River.
And the thrust continues in many directions.
Carnation
222225.
III
8
The Thrust Continues
And a $20 million banking, parking and retail
In 1977 Spokane's new $50 million upgraded
structure that will take up two full blocks and change
advanced waste water treatment plant was completed.
the city's skyline in downtown Spokane is expected to
Under development for more than five years, the
be completed in 1981.
tertiary treatment plant is designed to remove well over
In continued support of the city's low and moderate
90 percent of the contaminants, and is considered one
income neighborhoods, federal housing and
of the most advanced plants in the United States. Its
community development funds have been applied for
design was selected as one of the ten outstanding
by city officials, with planned allocations for such
engineering feats in the nation that year.
projects as community centers, social services and
In addition, a $25 million program to improve the
equipment, paving, parks and home rehabilitation.
city's storm sewer overflow points is in the process,
Since such funds were first available in 1975, some
with the city looking ahead to a $40 million plan to
$9.5 million has been spent in ten neighborhoods on
eliminate its wet-weather overflow problems.
such projects.
A six-year multimillion-dollar program is under
And in the city's downtown area, a blueprint for
consideration by the city for major improvements to its
strengthening Spokane's core as a major retailing,
arterial street system.
financial, governmental and cultural-recreation
Plans that were begun in 1977 for a $3 million
complex has been jointly designed by the city's
skywalk and retail project in the central business
planning department and downtown property owners.
district, as an extension to the city's existing skywalk
The long-range plan also proposes development of
system, has now been completed.
supporting fringe zones, and commercial recreation
Since Expo, Spokane has realized an approximate
and housing along the Spokane River. It advocates
$25 million increase in its downtown construction
retention of the city's inner loop one-way street
value with the addition of two major hotel/motels, two
system, completion of its outer loop transportation and
renovated shopping malls and one new one, and a
its skywalk system, future planning for its traffic
major office building and branch bank location.
system, and encouragement of private plaza
Looking ahead, a new $700,000 office building,
development.
with a pedestrian mall connecting two major arterials to
Also under consideration is a new multimillion-dollar
the Spokane Opera House/Riverfront Park area, will be
State of Washington service office building.
completed shortly.
Spokane looks to the future!
Spokane is
its other parks, also
a city of be eautiful parks boasting
conservatories arboretums, Oriental and sunkert,
gardens, and-primordial rock outcroppings that
boggle the mind.
Spokane Parks
The beautiful Duncan Gardens is located in the city's
A visit to Spokane would not be complete without a
southside Manito Park, reputed to be the city's primary
tour of the city's other magnificent parks.
garden show place and annually toured by over
Spokane boasts a 3,500-acre park system with 53
100,000 visitors. Noted also for its rose, lilac and
parks and playgrounds, 6 swimming pools, 14 wading
perennial gardens, beautiful conservatory and
pools, 3 municipal and 4 private golf courses, an
Japanese Garden, Manito Park is one of the few in the
arboretum, and several formal gardens including the
nation with such diversified horticultural display in one
world-famous Duncan Gardens.
location.
Spokane's Japanese Garden, the city's newest major
Park, characterized by unusual volcanic outcroppings
garden, was started in 1970, aided by gifts and
that make up the formation of the Bowl and Pitcher
services of landscape architects from Spokane's sister
recreational area. A footbridge, hiking trails and
city, Nishinomiya, Japan. Located within Manito Park,
camping facilities in the pines by the river add to the
this beautiful traditional Japanese garden, with its
area's great attraction.
stone lanterns, bridges, waterfalls and wide variety of
A tour of the city's scenic spots should also include
abundant plant life and exotic fish, grows as a
Spokane's Finch Arboretum - 65 acres of beautiful
reminder of nature, inspiring tranquility and peace - a
rolling tree-covered land along Garden Springs Creek
living reminder of the fine sister relationship shared by
in southwest Spokane. This collection of trees and
the two cities.
shrubs include inland northwest natives as well as
For rugged beauty, do not miss Spokane's Riverside
plants from many parts of the world.
22
Spokane is
a curtain up, light the lights, show-must-go-on
carousel of the lively arts, reveling in its
international entertainments and displaying its
contemporary talents while it conserves
yesterday's treasures.
Performing Arts
If it's colorful, laughable, graceful or musical,
lectures, road shows, grand opera, symphony and
Spokane has a place in her heart for it, front row
more.
center.
The Spokane Symphony Orchestra, under the
This has become known as a "standing ovation" city.
direction of Conductor Donald M. Thulean, presents an
We're appreciators of the better things.
outstanding annual series of twelve major concerts.
And participants in them.
The Spokane Civic Theatre, in its own contemporary
Performing Arts hub of the city is, of course, the
building, provides unusually fine stage performances
elegant 2,700-seat Opera House, adjoining the
42 weeks of the year, serving as an exceptional
Convention Center at riverside.
training ground for actors, directors, set designers and
World and nationally acclaimed artists hold
lighting specialists. Additional, highly talented
"standing room only" court here. Concerts, comedy,
productions are offered by drama departments at six
area colleges and by the nearby Coeur d'Alene (Idaho)
area. The Cheney Cowles Memorial State Museum and
Community Theatre.
the Grace Campbell Memorial Building display items
Spokane also serves as a regional center for the arts.
from Spokane's pioneer past. The ultra-modern
The city-appointed Spokane Arts Commission works to
Museum of Native American Cultures is rated as one
promote public awareness and interest in the fine and
of the nation's finest repositories of Indian and western
performing arts. An active Allied Arts consortium of
art. The unusual Fort Wright Historical Museum was
artists, organizations and art patrons is devoted to
founded to collect and preserve memorabilia from the
expanding the role of art in the community.
early military exploration and garrison days.
Each summer, a "Celebration of the Arts" festival is
Other notable examples are the Clark Mansion,
held in Riverfront Park, with some 160,000 people
Spokane Public Library Gallery, Bing Crosby Library,
attending the month-long event.
St. John's Cathedral Gallery, Spokane Valley Pioneer
Many prominent local artists exhibit their work at
Museum, and the Museum of North Idaho.
one or another of the city's excellent art shows and
No backwater, Spokane is rather a pulsing
galleries.
mainstream among Pacific Northwest islands of
A number of distinguished museums highlight the
cultural enthusiasm and bounty.
The
Indians and the Hors
Water
Spokane is
churches.
Spokane's Coalition of Churches is an agency
through which the churches of the area, in the strength
of their common faith and with mutual respect for their
differing beliefs, work together on projects meeting the
needs of the community.
There are 288 churches, representing 45
denominations, within the greater Spokane area.
27
who
DEACONESS
HOSPITAL
Spokane is
hospitals.
Spokane's medical and related health services are
among the finest in the United States. Seven hospitals
in the county provide specialized care for residents of
the whole Inland Empire. They also provide care and
treatment for the mentally and physically handicapped,
for crippled children, and for alcoholism.
Spokane is nationally known for its team of
cardiovascular surgeons who perform a large volume
of heart surgeries yearly, and for its hospital support of
medical education in the county in cooperation with
local universities and colleges.
28
Spokane is
education.
Spokane School District 81 provides public school
education in the city for some 29,600 students
through 36 elementary schools, seven junior highs, six
high schools and three special schools. Thirty-six
private schools serve approximately 7,000 elementary
and high school students in Spokane County.
Higher education in the area is provided by six
colleges or universities and two community colleges -
Eastern Washington University, Fort Wright College,
Gonzaga University, Spokane Community College,
Spokane Falls Community College and Whitworth
College. Three others - North Idaho College,
Washington State University and the University of
Idaho - are also within a 90-mile vicinity.
Spokane is
Community Services
A measure of the strength of any community is the
which provide a Community Involvement Center; and
degree of concern and activity of its service and civic
more than 80 service clubs and civic organizations
organizations, and the boards and commissions which
which provide philanthropic and community
serve their city. Spokane boasts an outstanding YWCA,
betterment services through numerous worthwhile
a multi-service agency serving the needs of women
programs. Some twenty-seven city boards and
and girls in the community; an excellent YMCA
commissions, with as many as 37 participating
providing versatile programming emphasizing personal
members, serve the city - the backbone of Spokane's
fitness for both sexes, and housing other agencies
civic government.
NO
Run, one of the spectacular community
ported efforts promoting health and well being,
first Sunday in May in Spokane.
Spokane is
a wonderland of summersports framed by
forests, guarded by mountains and illuminated by
the interplay of bright waters and anirrepressible
sun.
Sports/Spring and Summer
Some 76 crystal lakes within a 50-mile radius of
attract the most hard-to-please hunter.
Spokane. It's a statistic to envy.
For the sports fan who prefers to be an observer,
Pine-fringed, natural, circled by crescent beaches,
there is exciting Pacific Coast League baseball action
these lakes are the pride of an empire and the joy of
with the Spokane Indians at the Interstate Fairgrounds;
its people - offering endless odysseys of boating,
auto racing at three fine area race tracks; horse racing
swimming, water skiing and camping.
- June through August - at Spokane's Playfair Race
It all happens under the cool gaze of mighty
Course, or April to June at the nearby Coeur d'Alene
mountains, sentinel bastions of the region. The
(Idaho) Turf Club.
Rockies, Cascades, Selkirks, Blues, Wallowas and
And whether your idea of recreation is a fast set of
Kootenays.
tennis on one of Spokane's 61 public courts, ice
Twelve national parks and fifteen national forests are
skating at one of the city's three public skating rinks,
invitingly nearby, some more immediately accessible
an afternoon of bowling at one of the city's nine
than others, but all within a single day's scenic drive.
bowling alleys, or just stretching out relaxing for hours
Area lakes and rivers - canoe, sail and motorboat
in the sun, Spokane provides the facilities - and an
meccas - also provide creel-filling catches of fat and
abundance of sunshine - for all these recreational
feisty Dolly Varden, Rainbow, Kamloops, Eastern
activities, and many more.
Brook, Cutthroat trout and other favorite northwest
For fun in the sun, yet a challenge for any handi-
game fish. Destined for trophy or skillet, they're a
capper, Spokane offers 10 public golf courses in the
teeming and exciting challenge to every kind of angler.
immediate area. Or try one of the city's three beautiful
Surrounding mountain meadows and woodlands
municipal course, rated among the finest in the nation
abound with pheasant, quail, grouse, duck, goose and
and all within ten minutes of the heart of the city.
turkey. Wild game like deer, elk, rabbit and bear
31
Spokane is
a double chairlift, sharing with its many
nearby cousins a swift and silent mission toward
the up — carrying skiers and their echoing
laughter into the ermined highlands of adventure.
Sports/Fall and Winter
There's a special sparkling character to Spokane
Columbia, Canada.
region skiing that marks it as a proud partner among
Snow coverage and quality, too, are among the best
many major western ski destinations.
in the West. Its ski areas are compared favorably to
Live here and you're multiply blessed.
those of Switzerland and Austria.
Area skiers unload at the summit of some of the
Cross-country skiing and snowmobiling are enjoying
Pacific Northwest's most spectacular ski terrain,
growing popularity along forested Spokane area
especially noted for its frequent and heart-lifting views
discovery trails.
of the gem-like lakes that dot its valley floors far
For the observer fan, fall and winter sports also
downmountain.
mean high school, college and professional football at
Novice, intermediate, expert - every skier will find
astroturfed, 35,000-seat Joe Albi Stadium; thrilling
wandering, rolling, tree-lined, open alpine or
professional Pacific League ice hockey competition in
precipitous and moguled runs to suit his mood and
the Spokane Coliseum; and packed State Class B High
ability.
School Basketball Tournament action in the Coliseum.
Within an easy, pleasant drive from Spokane are 21
And recreational soccer boasts some 3,000 active and
chairlifts plus other surface lifts, providing upski at Mt.
avid participants in the Spokane area. Played at both
Spokane, and 49 Degrees North at Chewelah,
city and county facilities, soccer is one of the fastest
Washington; Idaho's Schweitzer Basin at Sandpoint
growing sports in the Inland Empire.
and Silverhorn at Kellogg; Big Mountain at Whitefish,
Whatever the season, whatever your sport choice,
Montana; and Red Mountain at Rossland, British
you will find it in Spokane area.
33
Spokane is
a gateway to bounty, opportunity and scenic
discovery, an open door to success welcome-
matted with a magic carpet of adventure.
The Great Inland Empire
It's a toss up as to what might bring a person or a
Yellowstone and ten other national parks. Grand
business to Spokane and its Inland Empire.
Coulee Dam is immediately to the west. These widely
Could be a call on a prospect. Or a visit to a great
known points of interest are among hundreds favored
national park.
by residents and their visitors.
We have both. In abundance.
Recent years have seen important population growth
Gateway is an apt description of this city, largest
here, directly attributable to migration away from the
metropolis between Seattle and Minneapolis, Calgary
pressures of more crowded urban regions.
and Salt Lake City. Spokane opens to all parts of the
The Inland Empire is hard at work - and happier at
sprawling Inland Empire, a rich market area of 1.25
it because it's so close to play.
million people. Its boundaries range from the western
When the transcontinental railroads were built
Cascade Mountains eastward to the Rockies and climb
around the turn of the century, the lines across the
from the plains and inland ranges of Oregon to the
northern tier of states converged in Spokane
Canadian border region.
establishing this city as a major distributing center for
the Inland Northwest - primary reason for Spokane's
Agriculture, forestry products, mining, retailing,
growth into a position of dominance in the Inland
distribution and major hydro-electric power resources
Empire. (Uniquely, it was the generosity of these same
dominate the economy.
major railways - Northern Pacific, Burlington and
The quality of life is significantly enhanced by the
Great Northern - who, when they merged to form the
proximity of mountains, forests, lakes and rivers
Burlington Northern Railroad, donated some $6.05
providing a year-round outdoor recreation - reflected
million in land gifts to the city, and removed a jungle
in the economic health fostered by a fast expanding
of trestles that hid the river, which considerably aided
tourist industry.
Spokane in acquiring the site for Expo '74 -
The area is within a day's drive of Glacier,
ultimately Spokane's beautiful new Riverfront Park.)
Agriculture - in an area made affluent by nature.
crops.
The Inland Empire is known internationally for its
It's also noted as the pea and lentil capital of the
rolling hills of golden wheat, sunny orchards laden with
United States.
apples, soft fruit and grapes, huge irrigated fields of
The Washington/Idaho area of the Inland Empire is
potatoes, corn, sugar beets and 100 other marketable
the world's largest producer of Kentucky blue grass.
Lumbering - in 31 million acres of commercial
plywood producers. It should be noted, too, that our
forests. Timber products are an economic mainstay,
timber experts take a leadership role in the
ncluding the world's greatest stand of white pine. More
preservation of this precious renewable resource -
than 3 billion board feet of lumber are processed
with responsible reforestation a vital part of their
annually in the inland Northwest. Spokane's market
activity.
area alone encompasses 300 sawmills and 16 major
Mining - since the 1880's silver, lead, zinc and
of the nation's four largest silver mines are located in
other metals, extracted from the Coeur d'Alene Mining
this great mining district.
District of Idaho, east of Spokane, have contributed
Mining, logging, agriculture are inter-dependent and,
approximately $3 billion in new wealth to the economy
together, provide the base upon which the area's
of the Pacific Northwest and that of the nation. Three
industrial progress is built.
Industry - of a broad and sophisticated variety.
The stability of the work force matches that of the
Spokane and Inland Empire manufacturing installations
economy. In terms of median age, education and
span a spectrum ranging from metal fabrication and
lifestyle, demographics of the Spokane population
reduction to highly technical electronic assembly.
stamp it as ideally representative of progressive, active
Coupled with transportation and distribution facilities,
western Americans. This has made the Spokane area a
this provides one of the most stable markets in the
frequent and favored choice by major consumer-
western United States.
product manufacturers as a test market.
Spokane is
a new combine gleaming in the sun, an indoor
ski slope, a banquet for 1,000 and an after-dinner
speaker planning his opening gambit over lime
sherbet.
Convention City
Conventions. Trade shows. Industrial exhibits.
Professional seminars. With its superb Convention
Center, Coliseum and excellent hostelries, Spokane has
become a favored western center for all of these.
From a 1973 low of $3.5 million, convention dollars
spent in Spokane escalated to $9.6 million in 1974,
with continued dynamic escalation encouraging a
1980 projection of $30 million.
The city can accommodate the fast growth. With
ease and with style, applying the resources of a
modern mix of up-to-date meeting, banquet and
display facilities.
The Spokane Riverpark Convention Center, rising
bold as a key anchor of Riverfront Park, is one of the
finest such installations in the Pacific Northwest. Its
variety of meeting areas will seat from 50 to 5,000
guests. Added facilities include the Spokane Opera
House, with theater-type seating for 2,700, the
Spokane Coliseum - seating 7,740, and the vast
Spokane is also noted for its elegant restaurants
Spokane Interstate Fairgrounds.
specializing in the art of gracious service and offering
Twelve major hotels and motels, plus some 63
regional and gourmet dining. Some 438 restaurants
others - top rated - offer excellent convention
and other eating establishments are located in
facilities and accommodations of their own.
Spokane County.
On the nighttime scene, Spokane offers some 20
1,300 first class guest rooms are within walking
movie theatres, floor shows and dancing at a large
distance of the Convention Center.
variety of lounges and night spots, and the finest of
Superior ground transportation - shuttle buses,
concert, drama and sports activities at the Spokane
taxis and rental cars - give easy downtown access to
Opera House and other exciting entertainment centers
another 1,500 fine guests rooms through the county.
in the city.
41
Spokane visitors are enticed to shop by the city's
entertainment and arts festivities. The park's two
newly renovated central business district - an eight-
ampitheaters and its floating stage are the scene of
block area connected by overhead skywalks, making it
choral and symphony concerts, plays, folk music
a literal downtown shopping center. Here are found
sessions and jazz and rock performances.
over 100 specialty shops, five major department
On weekends and special occasions, clowns,
stores, and a number of boutiques and shops in the
magicians, park storybook characters, theme animals
newly renovated turn-of-the-century Flour Mill, and the
and strolling musicians roam the grounds entertaining
recently expanded River Park Square and Sherwood
visitors. A children's petting ZOO captivates the hearts
Mall shopping areas. There are also five major
of young and old alike.
shopping centers within short driving distance from the
In the Pavilion Complex, the Ice Palace, IMAX
downtown area.
Theatre, western restaurant, and a 13-sequence
Just footsteps away from the main shopping center
Disneyland-type historical exhibit provide outstanding,
is Spokane's Riverfront Park, mid-city magnet for gala
year-round entertainment.
For the delegate or entire family, winter visits to
highways. Beside bus and Amtrack services, Spokane
Spokane offer snow skiing at five area resorts. Summer
also is serviced by six airlines - three regional and
months provide opportunities for sailing, fishing,
three national. There are 100 non-stop or non-change
swimming and camping. Also available are lake
flights out of Spokane International Airport daily to
cruises, white water river trips and horseback riding,
every major metropolitan area in the country except
back packing and guest ranch facilities.
the southeast part of the nation.
Seventeen area golf courses provide excellent sport
Spokane's modern airport is a 15-minute drive from
for the golf enthusiast. Eight museums feature some of
downtown. There are limousine services leaving every
the nation's finest Indian artifacts and western art, and
30 minutes for the city's downtown section. Twelve
early-area historical memorabilia.
rental agencies are located at the airport.
Spokane is readily accessible by all forms of public
For a full measure of pleasure on any vacation trip
and private transportation. The city is intersected by
or convention, plan Spokane.
major north-south and east-west transcontinental
Spokane is
varicolored fabriciol its yesterdays woven
through the lives of people believing in their
tomorrows, happy in their today and secure in
the spirit that this, their land, is touched by a
boundless, timeless wonder.
AUGUST
1805
LEWIS AND CLARK REACHED THE SOURCE OF THE MISSOURI, AND
CROSSED OVER A HIGH MOUNTAIN RANGE . CIVILIZED MAN FOR THE
FIRST TIME WAS LOOKING OVER THE GREAT INLAND EMPIRE
Ed Grigware
Yesterday
They called them Spokan-ee. Children of the Sun. A
stockmen journeying through were impressed by the
proud and peaceful, native North American people.
gentle wilderness and the hammering beauty of the
Their heritage lives on today in the city that bears their
falls - and they stayed to homestead. On their
name, Spokane.
160-acre land claim, they started a sawmill. Other
The river, the falls and the region into which they
settlers followed, in farming and in general commerce,
drained were the first SO named. Spokan Falls. But
opening a general store, a flour mill and the wide
long before it bore a "label," the area was inhabited
variety of businesses and buildings necessary to serve
not only by its namesake Indian tribe but by
a young community.
westerning trappers and fur traders. In 1871, a pair of
44
In 1881, with a population of 1,000, Spokan Falls
proud new regional center. Tragedy, as it SO often
(the present spelling of Spokane was not adopted for
does, welded together the determination of the people
almost another decade when Falls was dropped from
to rebuild better than before, and initiated a thrust
the name) was incorporated to include an area of two
toward progress that continued and grew - carrying
square miles. The following year brought expanded
the city forward through the turbulent turn of the
activity in agriculture, mining, banking, milling, water
century, through the trying years of the Depression,
power, education and rail service.
through two World Wars and up to the exciting
The population burgeoned.
present, a thrust toward progress that, for Spokane,
Disaster tempered the steel of Spokanites in 1889
has still to run its ebullient course.
when a disastrous fire swept the core city, already a
AUGUST 4
1889
DESTRUCTION AND DISASTER * FIRE BROKE OUT AND BEFORE THE FLAMES COULD BE
BROUGHT UNDER CONTROL A COURAGEOUS YOUNG CITY LAY IN ASHES . ITS SPIRIT UNBROKEN
SPOKANE AROSE FROM THE FLAMES
*
QUEEN CITY OF THE INLAND EMPIRE
Ed Grigware
LETTER
E-LS
46
Walter Graham
Its people
Their respect for the past and concern for the future have made Spokane's quality of life a proud fact. It is
many of these same Spokane citizens
the professional and business people of our community
whose dedication
and progressive efforts have made this book possible.
47
The following companies and individuals are responsible for making SPOKANE IS
a reality
(listed in alphabetical order)
American Sign and Indicator Corporation
Atwood-Hinzman Consulting Engineers
B.J. Carney and Company
James S. Black
The Bon Marche
Bovay Engineers, Inc.
Central Pre-mix Concrete Company
Consolidated Supply Company
CyCare Systems, Inc.
The Farm Credit Banks of Spokane:
Federal Intermediate Credit Bank of Spokane
Federal Land Bank of Spokane
Spokane Bank for Cooperatives
Fidelity Mutual Savings Bank
Gifford Hill & Company, Inc.
Wayne Guthrie
Inland Power & Light Credit Union
Fred S. James and Company
KREM . TV
Lincoln Mutual Savings Bank
Maxwells Electric, Inc.
Medical Service Corporation
Norlift
Old National Bank
Precision Development, Inc.
Provincial Properties
R.A. Hanson Company, Inc.
Rainier Bank
The Ridpath Hotel & Motor Inn
Seattle First National Bank
Joe M. Smith
Spokane Area Chamber of Commerce
Spokane Area Convention & Visitors Bureau
Spokane Area Development Council
Spokane Board of Realtors
Spokane Club
The Spokesman-Review
Spokane Daily Chronicle
Spokane Teachers Credit Union
Tekcar, Inc.
Tomlinson Agency
United Coatings, Inc.
Washington Mutual Savings Bank
Washington Trust Bank
The Washington Water Power Company
48
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FACSIMILE 14577
1969
owned:
Charlotte Payi
spang
Hypresentative
Eugene Prince
Thereton
LOUIS 0 Stewart
Invoice
David Stratton
rendlor
Lois Stratton
ipokabe
enator
Peter von Reichbauer
Cash Point
-narge
cc: HS
At Williams
-
Putnam Barber
d'recutive beliefally
faxtelex.hts
12/8/88
111 West 21st Avenue. KL-12 - = - Olympia. Washington 98504 L (206) 586-1989
North Office _: 1001 4th Avenue Plaza = - 12th Floor - = Seattle. Washington 98154-1101 : (206) 464-6580
West
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VASHING
INTAL
1989 Washington
Centennial Commission
Jean Gardner
MEMORANDUM
Co Charman
Ralph Munro
Co-Charman
DATE:
September 8, 1989
Wilfred Woods
Vice Chairman
Representative
TO:
Peggy Dooley, White House Research
Jannifer Betcher
Olympia
Representative
FROM:
Sara Robertson, Public Affairs Manager,
John Betrozoft
Pacific Summit and Symposia
AR
Redmond
Louis Coaston
Seattle
SUBJECT:
President Bush's speech in Spokane honoring
Alison Cowles
Spokens
Washington state's Centennial
Les Eldridge
Olympia
Bill Frank, Jr.
Nisqually
Putnam Barber asked me to send you some information on
Barney Goltz
Belingham
Washington's Centennial's Pacific focus. We thought it would
Senator
be useful for you and the President's speechwriters to
Jeannette Hayner
understand how the theme of our state's relations with the
Walls Wate
Representative
countries and regions of the Pacific Rim has been woven into
Gary Locke
our Centennial celebrations. We recommend that the
Seattle
Robert Mack
President's address in Spokane on Sept. 19 reflect our
Tacoma
state's strong historical and future ties with the Pacific.
Donna Marco
Kattle Fats
Donna Mason
1.
Civic and business leaders in this state have long
Vericouver
portrayed Washington as the gateway to the Pacific. In
Barney McClure
Olympia
fact our first governor, Elisha P. Ferry, conjured up
Berths Ortega
the theme in his inaugural address on Nov. 11, 1889:
Toppenish
Richard Page
"A forecast of the future of Washington, which did not
Seattle
take into consideration the possibilities of its
Charlotte Paul
Lepaz Island
foreign commerce, would be superficial and very
Representative
incomplete Exports from Puget Sound are now
Eugene Prince
Thormon
carried to ports of all continents. As a
Louis O. Stewart
consequence of this trade there will arise upon the
Olympia
waters of Puget Sound several commercial cities, one at
David Stratton
Pulman
least of which will rank with the great commercial
Senator
cities of the world."
Lois Stratton
Spokane
Genator
2.
The promise of the Pacific was what pushed the
Peter von Reichbauer
Deah Port
railroads west, and the cities selected as western
Senator
terminals consciously regarded themselves as vital
Al Williams
Seattle
connectors. The Alaska gold rush and the 1909 Alaska-
Yukon-Pacific Exposition in Seattle promoted Washington
Putnam Barber
Executive Secretary
as a gateway to Alaska, Russia, Japan and other points
along the North Pacific Rim. movement theme.
3.
Conscious of these historic patterns, the Washington
111 West 21st Avenue, KL-12
Olympia, Washington 98504
(206) 586-1989
North Office
1001 4th Avenue Plaza
12th Floor
Seattle, Washington 98154-1101
(206) 464-6580
3
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Centennial Commission deliberately chose to include our
Pacific heritage and future as important components of
the Centennial. While literally thousands of
Centennial-sponsored events have looked back on the
last 100 years, on our heritage, we also wanted to look
forward to the next 100 years. And for Washington
state, now as even in Governor Ferry's day, the future
and the Pacific are nearly synonomous.
4.
The Centennial Commission settled on a series of
programs with a Pacific theme: a Circum-Pacific
Prehistory Conference, at which over 200 papers were
presented on the early history of mankind all around
the Pacific Rim: Hyogo Week, which brought over 600
people from our Japanese sister state, Hyogo Province,
to Washington for cultural and commercial exchanges;
the Boeing Chautaugua, a traveling arts stage featuring
Asian performers that is just now moving from fair to
fair around the state.
5.
The largest of our outward- and future-looking events
was the just-completed Pacific Summit and Symposia.
The Summit and Symposia were conceived of and designed
to reflect the importance of international trade to
this state. Let me give you just a few facts and
figures. Washington's exports grew by 31 percent last
year, giving the state a $7.4 billion trade surplus.
The state leads the nation in exports per capita,
shipping $3,043 in exports for every state resident in
1988. One out of every five jobs in Washington depends
directly or indirectly on trade. In 1987 nearly 70
percent of Washington's recorded trade was with
countries in East Asia -- a total of $32.7 billion.
Eight of Washington's 10 largest trading partners are
in the Pacific Rim-
For the Pacific Summit and Symposia, our governor and
congressional delegation invited high-level officials
from 23 Pacific Rim countries and regions to attend a
week-long series of conferences on trade and economic
development throughout the Pacific Rim. Over 60
cabinet-level officials or their chosen appointees from
ministries of trade, agriculture, forestry, fisheries,
science and technology, as well as other foreign
government, industry and academic leaders, met with
American officials, business leaders and academic
experts to discuss how to build on trade in the region.
Participants discussed the broad issues of the future
of economic development and growth in the Pacific
region in a two-day kick-off "Summit" in Seattle, then
split into four different "Symposia" around the state
for sector-specific talks on trade in technology,
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forest products, agriculture and fisheries.
Participants talked about the future of GATT in view of
growing regional and bilateral trade arrangements.
They talked about new technologies in agriculture that
will help expand the volume and variety of food
products available around the world. They talked about
the impact of changing supplies of forest and fishery
products on those industries, both regionally and
internationally. over 800 people participated in the
event, debating substantive issues; leading foreign
visitors on guided tours of harbors, lumber yards,
wineries and hops fields, and high-tech industrial
facilities; sharing experiences and business cards at
outdoor evening barbeques. Americans and foreign
delegates alike finished the Summit and Symposia more
knowledgeable about the significant issues affecting
the trading climate around the Pacific, and poised to
do more business.
6. I hope this helps you in your efforts to prepare the
President for his upcoming visit. Please call me at
(206) 464-6580 (the Seattle office of the Centennial
Commission) if you have any questions about the Pacific
theme in our Centennial. I am enclosing a few press
clips on the Summit and Symposia and some other
information. Please let me know if I can be of any
further assistance.
5
00
6
(Everelt)
$
Sunday, August 13, 1969 The Herald
Trade conference may be an annual event, organizers say
Accordated Press
which was the centerplece of Washington's
had beard Miniter sentiment for making the
terms. But they really got down to earth."
comments shout Maraters.
and McClatchy News Service
centenal celebration.
number M ongoing event, but some seld they
"Voices were raised, fingers were pointed,
The comments by Fred M. Zeder 11, hand of
SEATTLE - Organizers of the Pacific
The summit began Menday with a two-day
were exhausted.
people took off their gioves and really got into
the federal Overneas Private Investment
Summit trade conference my like Interna-
general vession is Seattle, then split Into four
"Id hestble to say I would like to do an
it," agreed Andy Branington, organizes of the
Corp., prompted a letter from Gov. Booth
titel get-together was so successful they
symposis 00 timber, fisheries, agriculture
creat No this again," mid Drien Loveland,
Yakima agriculture symposture. "They made
Gardner to the White House that Zeder's
may make it a regular event.
and technology In Tecoma, Maine, Yakime
who helped organize the flotheries sympo-
friends, talked business and drank Washing-
comments were "highly Insppropriate for
and the Tyl-Cltles.
The weeking gathering drew delegates
skan. "All of them people And to work of their
tou state wine. This to just what we wanted
this event."
from 23 mations and regions, many of whom
"I traveled to all four of the sympesis, and
regular beforences on the alde, and everybody
them to do."
Anderson sold that In B telephone conver-
dispressed hope that the sammit would be
in ench I talked to delegates who asked about
is real tired right sew.
Frederico Macaranes, with the Philippines
antion Friday with Zeder, Zeder demanded
regaled mid John Anderson, director of the
plans and any Intentions on keepleg the
Some officials seld the comparatively
Department of Fareign Affairs, said, "If New
- apology from state officials for pot
state Department of Trade and Economic
conference nithe," Anderson mid.
Informal nature of the symposia gave
York to the link to Europe, then Weeklagton
adequalely Informing him about the makeup
Development and clairman of the summit
He said be would broach the subject of
business people and government officials a
state is the Bnk to the viorant countries of
of his audience.
organizing committee.
centinning the conference when the steering
rare opportunity for frank milk.
Asia."
"He was obviously disturbed and felt be
committee and staff meet ment month.
"We accomplished all that we sel out to
"These people were really talking to each
The biggest flep of the event occurred
should have bad some public support Trées
Organizers reised $1 million from govera-
other," raid Dick Hoch, claimas of the Tn-
when a Bush administration official offended
me and the governor. Be
thought
are
owed
nonomplish, and E has become Increasingly
ment and private donora to pay for the
Cities technology symposism. "1 WEB worried
some delegates from China and the Soriet
bim BIR apollogy," Anderson said.
required that we accomplished a great deal
meeting.
that with a lot of high-level people that the
Union when he told D jobs in his Sentlie
7 lold him: 1 would suggest you offer your
more." Anderson said Friday of the forum,
Organizers of the four symposis said they
language would be couched is very technical
speech about Sovl el women and made critical
apalogies."
01
SEATTLE
BY:WCC
4566218;#
P-I 8/12/89
Pacific Summit repeat a possibility
By Ron Redmond
Japan. China and other Asian nations were going to
participants when the next conference would be
P4 Pacific Flim Reporter
prevent many senior officials from attending. Money
held.
had also been an early worry, but organizers
"When they asked. I sort of rolled my eyes
43736->
Organizers of the Pacific Summit and Symposia
managed to raise the $1 million.
because I'm so tired." Robertson said. "But people
say the centerpiece of the state's Centennial celebra-
Anderson said he was not sure how the steering
really want to know and they say this state is a good
tion was SO successful that they will consider making
committee would decide on the issue of future
venue for it."
the forum a regular event.
summits.
Physicist Dick Hoch, chairman of the Tri-Cities
John Anderson, director of the State Department
Anderson said some foreign delegates had
technology symposium, agreed the summit put his
of Trade and Economic Development and chairman
already suggested setting up an international steer-
area on the map.
of the summit organizing committee, said at the
ing committee to plan the next summit.
"Many of these people didn't know what the Tri-
conclusion of the weeklong economic and trade
Cities was and those that did only knew about the
gathering yesterday that many delegates from 23
nuclear industry." Hoch said. "But the Tri-Cities put
participating nations and regions had expressed
"
together a real nice time for them."
hopes this would not be the last Pacific Summit and
Hoch and others said the comparatively informal
Symposia.
These people were really
nature of the symposia gave business people and
The summit began Monday with a two-day
talking to each other. I was
government officials a rare opportunity for a frank
general session in Seattle. then split into four
exchange of views.
symposia on timber, fisheries. agriculture and
worried that with a lot of high-
"These people were really talking to each other."
technology in Tacoma, Blaine. Yakima and the Tri-
level people that the language
Hoch said. "I was worried that with a lot of high-
Cities.
level people that the language would be couched in
"We accomplished all that we set out to
would be couched in very
very technical terms. But they really got down to
accomplish and it has become increasingly apparent
that we accomplished a great deal more," Anderson
technical terms. But they
earth."
Hoch acknowledged, however. that there had
said of the $1 million summit, paid for by the
really got down to earth.
been a few "sleep-inducing" speeches.
government and private donors.
- Dick Hoch, chairman,
Greg Schellberg, chairman of the forest products
"I traveled to all four of the symposia and in each
symposium in Tacoma, said he wouldn't really want
I talked to delegates who asked about plans and any
Tri-Cities technology symposium
to go through the whole thing again.
intentions on keeping the conference alive."
"Let's be practical," he said. "This all should
Anderson emphasized the summit had been
have been done at the State Department level. I'm
designed as a one-time Washington Centennial
A check with organizers in the four symposia
excited we're finally finishing."
event, but that he would take up the possibility of
cities showed they. too, had heard similar sentiments
He said 275 people took part in the Tacoma
holding future conferences when the steering com-
that the summit be an ongoing event. But some of
symposium and organizers were extremely pleased
mittee and staff meet next month.
those who volunteered their time and energy over
with the outcome.
"Tve resisted talking about this prior to this time
the past two years say they are exhausted and
In Yakima, agriculture organizer Andy Brassing-
because I felt we had our hands full just getting
wouldn't want to go through it again.
ton said he'd heard nothing but favorable comments
delegates and organizing this summit," Anderson
"I'd hesitate to say I would like to do an event
from delegates.
SENT BY:WCC SEATTLE
said. "I felt that if we did this one right, the future
like this again." said Brian Loveland. who helped
"It was really quite impressive." said Brassing-
would take care of itself. We didn't choose to take on
organize the fisheries symposium. "All of these
ton. "Voices were raised, fingers were pointed.
the universe. We had a very specific agenda."
people had to work at their regular businesses on the
people took off their gloves and really got into it.
More than 800 people participated in the summit
side and everybody is real tired right now."
They made Iriends, talked business and drank
and symposia. Less than two months ago, however,
Sara Robertson, the summit's public affairs
Washington state wine. This is just what we wanted
organizers were concerned that political events in
manager, said she had been asked by several
them to do."
7
M Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Tuesday, August 8, 1969
Summit: Frustration rising on both sides of Pacific,' Japanese envoy says
From Page 1
warning that ties with the United
combined Inability to correct the
cures for the trade difficulties are
Yerza, U.S. representative to the
mercial consul with the Chinese
States are coming under Increas-
trade imbalances.
to be Found In the United States,
GATT takes. "First and foremest,
Consulate in San Francisco. But
Gardner called on the 350
ing strain.
"Japaness He. increasingly for
not Japen. He cited the U.S.
the countries of the region have
the central government in Beljing
participants in the downtown
"Tense and somewhal bitter
ritated by what they perceive to
budget deficit, high Interest rates
the responsibility to open their
decided and to send delegates
Sheraton Botel's main ballsoom to
exchanges have come to charge-
be repeated decaunds that are
and low savings and investment
economies further to foreign par-
offer Gardner informed them they
hold - free exchange DEI trade and
lerize our trade discussions," said
getting to be increasingly unree-
levels.
licipalion."
could Ince intense scruting here
43736->
economic Issues.
Ukawa, Japan's chief negotiator to
sonoble, expecting Japan is take
"When sufficiently prodded,"
Yeran called for a rignificant
from the public and media quer
Hidetonhi Ukawn, Japan's am-
the Geneva-based General Agree-
all the action and responsibility
Ukawa said, "some of these survice
reduction in 1 the elimina-
the June 34 massacre around
besendor for international eco-
ment on Tariffs and Trade talks,
for Apartes's trade and payments
people are likely to complain that
illon of restrictive import Beenning,
Tiananmen Square.
momie affairs, responded with a
knows as GATT.
instalances."
imported sectors of the American
the protection of Intelleciual prop-
The students' open letter
strongly worded defense of his
"Frustration la rising on both
Uhren mid many Jupenase
economy have become fai and
city rights. (such - copyrightsi,
urged delegates to "condemn the
country's trade policies and a
sides of the Parific over our
believe the principal cares and
lazy, prefesting guaranteed mar-
and the Aberalization of service
brutal suppression and continued
ket shares over head-to-head com-
Industries in the finance, Insur-
government-sponsored terror in
pelition with world-closs products
suce, advertising, travel and on-
China," to support economic same-
in global markets, while perhaps
tertainment sectors.
tions. and to avoid official contacts
bringing on the countercharge
"Our broad vision for the area,
with the Beijing government, "in-
that the Japanese are getting
including the United States, in to
cluding its representative as lo this
arrogant.
make it the region with the freest
conference."
"Our dislogae has been deterá-
flow of goods and services, capital
Commercial Consul Lu said
eraing and has tended to bring
and technology In the world," the
most Americans had been "deeply
out the worst rather then the best
said. "We argue that you can
Influenced" by what he termed
Japan fires trade warning
in both of un."
atisin this by removing the band-
distorted U.S. media reports -
Ukawa neted, however, that
are that hinder the movement of
the unrest, but were new getting
2:20PM
as Pacific Summit opens
progress had been enade on the
goods and services between our
"The facts" from the Chinese
trader front. He said U.S. exports
countries."
government.
to Japan last year EYNS 30 percent,
As the delegates filed Into the
"Any government confronted
suggesting "there in a lot that is
ballroom for the Initial session,
with these riols - we call there
By Res Radmond
"We went to know your vision
right in our relationship." But be
Chinese activité Nian She distrib-
counterrevolutionary
would
Pt Paptic Rm Reporter
of the economic future of the
unled both sides had to "work to
uled an open letter from Chinese
take any measures it thinks neces-
Prefile region, because
your
knower the decibel level" and learn
students and scholars al the Uni-
sary to solve the problem," La
8-89
Japan warned delegates to the
economic future is our aconomic
20-nation Pacific Summit In Sent-
to disagree "In a civil manner."
versity of Washington calling for
said. "More and more American
fature," Gardner fold delegates.
Earlier, Ruses Yerxs, deputy
condemnation of the Belting gov-
people and businessmen under-
Ue yesterday that trade liction
Teranrow, delegates break
with the United States is worses
U.S. trade representative and a
ernement's erackdown. Outside the
stand this."
Into groups for symposis In Bel-
Seattle native, and the United
ing, while Chinese students angeed
hotel, fewer than a dozen Chinase
The Chinese paid . brief cour-
9
lingham on fishories, la Tocoma
the form to condiemn Beljing's
States welcomed the gains made
protesters waved benners and
tesy call on Gardner yesterday
- limber, in Yakima on agricul-
erackdown on diasent.
by Pactfie nations.
placards.
moveming presenting him with see.
ture and in the Tri-Clties on high
As a small group of Chinese
"We only ask that these CCO-
China is represented al the
en carved figurines and receiving
technology. Organizers said 207
nomie strides that take place be
summit by four officials from
a glass apple in return. Recent
protested outside, Gev. Booth
people were participating in the
carried out in accordance with the
central Slebuen Province, Wash-
events in China were not dis-
Gardner opened the two-day BETH
$1 million summit and symposia.
mit, conterplace of the state's
International economic respond-
ingion's/almer state. They were
cussed in the 15-ruthute meeting.
bilities that all of us share," said
Centernial celebration.
accompanied by Lu Zu-wen, ennt-
an side said
See SURMIT, Page M
The Oregonian
August 7, 1989
45662181 00
23
Pacific Rim nations send officials
to attend summit in Washington state
The Associated Press
Hong Kong, Canada and other
cooperatively on such issues as
Industrial giants are attending, as
trade imbalance, tariffs and other
SEATTLE - Trade and govern-
are some of the less developed coun-
trade barriers, and sharing of tech-
ment leaders from 23 Pacific Rim
tries.
nology, the governor plans to tell the
nations, suramoned to explore "a
With Japan, China and other
1,000 delegates.
43736->
new interdependence of nations,"
nations experiencing unreet or new
On a per capita basis, no other
converge on Washington state this
governments, it's a near-miracle
state ts more dependent on exports
week for a Pacific Summit meeting
that every nation or region invited
than Washington, said Gardner
on topics ranging from timber to
to the conference is represented,
spokesman Dan Youmans. The
technology.
said Putnam Barber, director of the
governor, a former business execu-
state Centennial Commission.
tive who becomes chairman of the
It's intended as an upscale, tech-
pleal gathering of experts, with sea-
The summit is a flagahip event for
National Governors' Association
sions on such esoteric topics as
the state's 100th birthday celebra-
next year, has made foreign trade a
tion. The state is providing about
major priority for his administra-
investment flow and "globalization
$100,000 of the $1 million It Is costing
tion and for the association.
of technology," rather than as a
splashy trade show or cultural
to slage one of the Centennial's most
After Gardner's opening speech
event.
costly events. Private companies
Monday, Ambassador Rufux Yerza,
and foundations and the federal
Gov. Booth Gardner, whose pre-
a Seattle native who is deputy U.S.
government are kicking in the rest.
pared opening speech calls the sum-
trade chief, Ambassador Hidetoshi
Washington is attempting to
mit a testimony to the growing "new
Ukawa, Japan's international ecn-
cement its position as a world trad-
interdependence of nations" in the
nomic affairs chief, and Junn Ollo-
ing partner and as BUD international
Pacific, said Washington is the first
qui of Mexico's Banca Serfin will
conference center, he sald. Gardner
state to assemble such an extensive
discuss the region's trade imbal-
8-89
said the specialty conferences that
cast for such an ambitious gather-
ances.
follow the three-day Seattle summit
ing.
showcase the state's proudest ac-
Priscilla Rabb, director of the U.S.,
With the exception of the national
complishments: fisheries, technolo-
Trade and Development Program,
governments of China and Taiwan,
BY. Umber and agriculture.
and B.J. Habible, Indonesia's minis-
all invited nations are sending dele-
For those industries to prosper,
tar of research and technology. will.
gations. Thalland and Mexico con-
the Pacific nations have to work
discuss technology sharing.
firmed at the last minute.
China's invitation was not with-
drawn - although Gardner did
express dismay over the repression
of pro-democracy demonstrators -
but Belling decided against coming
anyway. Washington's sister prov-
Incs of Sichuan la sending delegates,
however.
Talwan, angered by Washington's
adherence to the U.S. policy of
SENT BY:WCC
recognizing Beljing as the govern-
ment of all China, declined to come
but to represented by its Seattle
office.
The Sovlet Union, Japan, Korea,
SENT BY:WCC SEATTLE
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2:22PM ;
43736->
4566218;# 9
Pacific Summit
AGENDA
SUNDAY. August 6
3:00-7:00 p.m.
Registration - Grand Ballroom Foyer
6:00-8:00 p.m.
WELCOME RECEPTION - Washington State Convention & Trade Conter
Speaker:
The Honorable Booth Gartiner
Governor
Washington State
Introductions:
Senator Brock Adams
Congressman John Miller
Congressman Jim McDermott
MONDAY, August 7
8:00 a.m.
OFFICIAL DELEGATE BREAEFAST - Governors Suite, Room 3315
PARTICIPANT BREAKFAST - Grand Ballroom Foyer
9:00 a.m.
OPENING CEREMONY - Grand B
Welcoming Remarks:
The Honorable Booth Gardner
Governor
Washington State
9:15 a.m.
FLENABY SESSION - Grand B
IMPLICATIONS OF A NEW ECONOMIC BALANCE IN THE PACIFIC:
A U.S. PERSPECTIVE
Speaker:
Ambassador Rufus Yerza
Deputy United States Trade Representative
A JAPANESE PERSPECTIVE
Specker:
The Honorable Hidetoshi Ukawa
Ambassador for International Economic Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Japan
A LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE
Speaker:
Dr. Jose June de Olloqui y Labamida
Director General
Serfin Financial Group
Mexico
11:30 a.m.
LUNCHEON - Grund c
Welcoming Remarks:
Ms. Susan C. Schwab
Assistant Secretary of Commerce
Director General
U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
THE GLOBALIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY: A SOUTHEAST ASIAN PERSPECTIVE
Speaker:
Dr. B.J. Habibie
Minister of State for Research and Technology
Republic of Indonesia
2:00-4:30 p.m.
DISCUSSION SESSIONS
Participants will discuss the implications of the views presented in the morning's pienary
seasion. In each session, Official Delegates will give brief presentations.
SENT BY:WCC SEATTLE
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2:22PM ;
43736->
4566218;#10
SESSION A - Was A
Moderator:
Dr. George M. Beckmann
Professor
Provest Emeritus, and Director of International Exchanges
University of Washington
Presenting countries:
Australia, Chile, Republic of Indonesia
SESSION B - West B
Moderator:
Dr. John O. Haley
Professor of Law and East Arian Studies
University of Washington
Presenting countries:
New Zenland, Colombia, Malaysia, Japan
SESSION c - East A
Moderstor:
Mr. Mare Levinson
Editorisi Director
The Journal of Commerce
Presenting countries:
Canada, Costa Rion. Philippines, Papua New Guines, Republic of Korea
SESSION D - East B
Moderator:
Dr. Richard Drobmick
Director
International Business Education and Research Program
University of Southern California
Presenting countries:
Peru, Singapore, Brunel, USA
SESSION E - Aspen
Moderstor:
Dr. Jeffrey E. Garten
President
Eliot Group, Inc.
Presenting countries:
USSR, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Mexico
6:00 p.m.
RECEPTION - Grand c
7:00 p.m.
Official and Accompanying Delegates hosted separately by Summit sponsors for evening's
activities. Delegates and sponsors will gather in West Ballroom A. Seattle Sheraton.
TUESDAY. August a
7:00-8:30 a.m.
OFFICIAL DELEGATE BREAKFAST - Governor's Suire, Room 3315
PARTICIPANT BREAKFAST - Grand Ballroom Feyer
8:30-10:00 a.m.
PLENARY SENSION - Grand B
FUTURE CAPITAL AND INVESTMENT FLOWS IN THE PACIFIC
8:30-9:30 a.m.
DIMENSIONS OF CHANGE: FROM THE 1950s TO THE YEAR 2000
Speaker:
Mr. Fred M. Zeder II
President and Chief Executive Officer
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
9:00-9:30 a.m.
IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL MONETARY AND CURRENCY POLICY
Speaker to be announced
SENT BY:WCC SEATTLE
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2:23PM ;
43736->
4566218;#11
9:30-10:00 a.m.
EFFECTS ON PACIFIC REGION TRADE
Speaker:
Mr. Paul Meo
Chief
International Trade Divison
World Bank
10:00 N.m.
BREAK- Grand Ballroom Foyer
10:20 a.m.-12:15 p.m.
DISCUSSION SESSIONS
Participants will discuss the views presented in the morning's plenary sersion.
SESSION A- Wast A
Moderator:
Dr. George M. Beckmann
Professor
Provent Emerirus, and Director of International Exchanges
University of Washington
Presenting countries:
Australia, Chile, Republic of Indonesia
BESSION B Wast B
Moderator:
Dr. John O. Halcy
Professor of Law
East Asian Studies
University of Washington
Presenting countries:
New Zealand, Colombia, Malaysia, Japan
SESSION c Best A
Moderstor:
Mr. Mare Levinson
Editorial Director
The Journal of Commerce
Presenting countries:
Canada, Costa Rica, Philippines, Papus New Guines, Republic of Korea
SESSION D - East B
Moderator:
Ms. Dorl Jones Yang
Hong Kong Bureau Manager
Business Week
Presenting countries:
Peru, Singapore, Brunci, U.S.A.
SESSION E - Aspen
Moderstor:
Dr. Jeffrey E. Garten
President
Eliot Group, Inc.
Presenting countries:
U.S.S.R., Equador. Hong Kons, Mexico
12:30 p.m.
LUNCHEON - Grand c
Welcoming Remarks
Ms. Priscilla Rabb
Director
U.S. Trade and Development Program
THE PACIFIC RIM: INTO THE NEXT CENTURY
Specker:
The Honorable Les Hyung-Koo
Vice Minister of Economic Planning
Republic of Kerea
SENT BY:WCC SEATTLE
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2:23PM
43736->
4566218##12
2:30-3:00 p.m.
PLENARY SESSION - Grand B
A JAPANESE VIEW OF PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION TOWARDS THE 21st
CENTURY
Speaker:
The Honorable Akira Amari
Vice Minister
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Japan
3:00 p.m.
PANEL PRESENTATION - Grand B
This session will feature 10-minute presentations by six Official Delegares, followed by
questions and discussion.
THE FUTURE OF MULTILATERAL TRADE COOPERATION
Moderstor:
Ambassador Daniel G. Amstutz
Former Chief Agriculture Negotiator
Former Under Secretary of Agriculture
Penelists:
Mr. Geoff Miller
Secretary
Department of Primary Industries and Energy
Australia
Mr. Johnson P. Mercader
Assistant Secretary
International Development Cooperation Coordinating Office
Department of Agriculture
Philippines
Mr. Michael Sze
Director
Department of Trade and Industries
Hong Kong
Ambassador Rufus Yerka
Deputy United States Trade Representative
Mr. Rafael V. Aldunate
Director
Bureau of Bilateral Economic Relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Chile
6:00 p.m.
EVENING RECEPTION - Ballroom Feyer
7:00 p.m.
CLOSING BANQUET - Grand c
Speaker:
Mr. Malcolm Stamper
Vice Chairman
The Rosing Company
9:00 p.m.
CLOSING CEREMONY
WEDNESDAY, August ,
6:00 a.m.
OFFICIAL DELEGATE BREAKFAST - Governor's Suite, Room 3315
a.m.
DEPARTURE FOR SYMPOSIA
Official and Accompanying Delegates will depart the Seattle Sheraton Hotel for their
respective symposis. Please see the departure notice in your room for your exact time of
departure, or inquire at the conference office, Room 422. Please check out of the hotel. and
meet in the hotel's main lobby at the indicated time for boarding of buses.
SENT BY:WCC SEATTLE
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2:24PM
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4566218;#13
OFFICIAL DELEGATES
AUSTRALIA
CANADA
Mr. Alas M. Godfrey
The Honorable David F.H. Parker
Deputy Secretary of Industry, Technology and Commerce
Minister of Forests
Between 1964 and 1973 Mr. Godfrey occupied various positions in the
Province of British Columbia
Departments of Trade, Trade and Industry, and Manufacturing Industry.
Mr. Parker, a professional forester, was elected to the British Columbia
Between 1973 and 1982 he was First Assistant Secretary of several divisions
Legislative Assembly as MLA for Skeena in 1986. He served as Minister of
in the Department of Manufacturing Industry. Mr. Godfrey was ap-
Forests, and is also a member of the Cabinet Committees on Regional
pointed Deputy Secretary of the Department of Industry, Technology and
Development, Environment and Land Use, and Native Affairs.
Commerce in 1982. His current responsibilities include oversight of light
industries, building and service industries and international technological
collaboration.
The Honorable John L. Savage
Mr. Godfrey received & B.S. degree from University College, University of
Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
London.
Province of British Columbia
Mr. Savage has been a member of the Select Standing Committee on
Mr. Geoffrey Gorrie
Standing Orders, Private Bills, and Members Services and a member of
Cabinst Committees on Regional Development and Native Affairs. Mr.
Director, Australian Fisheries Service,
Savage has also served as the vice-chairman of the Cabinet Committee on
Department of Primary Industries and Energy
Environment and Land Use. In 1986. Mr. Savage was appointed minister
Mr. Gorrie is responsible for advising the Australian government on
of Agriculture and Fisheries, his current position. His present
fisheries development and conservation policies. Mr. Gorrie joined the
responsibilities include oversecing the Provincial Agricultural Land
Australian Public Service in January 1969 when he became a research of-
Commission, the British Columbia Marketing Board. the British
ficer with the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics in
Columbia Milk Board. and the Cattle Industry Development Board.
Canberra. From 1974 until the mid 1980s, Mr. Gorrie worked in general
Mr. Savage graduated from the University of British Columbia.
environment and resource management areas in the Commonwealth
Public Service. In 1980, be assumed responsibility for energy conservation
at the Commonwealth level. In 1983, Mr. Gorrie headed the Management
The Honorable Thomas Siddon
and Coordination Division of the Department of Resources. Mr. Gorrie
Minister of Fisheries and Oceans
became director of the Austrialian Fisheries Service in 1988.
Mr. Gorrie obtained his degrees from the University of New England.
Dr. Garaidian Kunney-Wallace
Chairman, Science Council of Canada
Ms. Joanna Mirism Howies
First Assistant Secretary, Land Resources Division
Dr. Kenney-Wallace has been professor of chemistry and physics at the
Department of Primary Industries and Energy
University of Toronto since 1980. A noted International authority on
lasers and optoclectronics and author of over 85 research publications.
Ms. Hewitt has held senior executive positions in the Australian Depart-
honors for her lasur research include the 1979 Corday Morgan medal from
ments of Industry, Technology and Commerce; Foreign Affairs and
the Royal Society of Chemistry in England. In 1983 she was appointed to
Trade: and Primary Industries and Energy. As first assistant secretary of
the Science Council of Canada, which advises the federal government on
the Land Resources Division Ms. Hewitt has major policy and program
research policy and strategy, and was reappointed in 1986. Dr. Kenney-
responsibility in the soll conservation, forestry and water areas.
Wallace was appointed chairman of the Science Council of Canada in
Ms. Hewitt is a graduate of the University of Western Australia and the
1987, and is also a member of the National Advisory Board on Science and
London School of Economics.
Technology. chaired by the Prime Minister.
Dr. Kenney-Wallace studied at the Universities of London and Oxford and
received her Ph.D. from the University of British Columbia.
Mr. Geoff Miller
Secretary of Primary Industries and Energy
Mr. Miller worked at the Bureau of Agricultural Economics from 1966 to
CHILE
1981 and was director from 1977 until his departure in 1961. From 1981 to
Mr. Rafael V. Aidunate
1983, Mr. Miller served as deputy head of the Department of Primary In-
Director, Bureau of Bilateral Economic Relations
dustries and Energy and from 1983 until his present appointment was
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
director of the Australian Economic Planning Advisory Council. Mr.
Miller has participated widely in the work of such international agencies as
In 1973 Mr. Aldunate was general manager of the Spanish Chamber of
the International Wheat Council, the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Commerce in Chile and acted as the economic advisor to the Spanish
the World Food Act. and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Embassy in Chile. Since 1978. Mr. Aldunate has served the Chilean
Development.
government as executive director, Chilean Committee on Foreign
Investment; as commercial attache to the Chilean Embassy in Madrid.
Spain; and in his current position. as director of the Bureau of Bilateral
Economic Relations in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
BRUNKI
Mr. Aldunate received his education at Catholic University of Chile.
Dr. Moral bin Othman
Director, Department of Agriculture
In 1973 Dr. Morni joined the Department of Agriculture as an agricultural
Mr. Juluse Lature Aleneo
officer. He held several positions within the Department until 1988 when
Chief, Research and International Forestry Affairs
be was appointed director of agriculture. He has been a delegate to many
National Forestry Corporation
ASEAN conferences on agricultural research as a Governing Board
Mr. Latorre directed research on native forests and pine plantations, arid
Member of the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and
lands, and shrubs for energy. He has consulted for the U.N. Food
Research in Agriculture.
Agriculture Organization and the Organization of American States.
Dr. Morni received his B.S. from McGill University. Canada, and his
Mr. Laterre earned the degree of forest engineer at the University of Chile
Ph.D. in Plant Science from Canterbury University, New Zealand.
and received his M.S. from the University of California at Berkeley.
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Mr. Enrique Mantero Contrato
COSTA RICA
Director, Planning Division
Ministry of Agriculture
The Honorable Eduardo Doryan Garros
Mr. Montero provides technical support to the minister of agriculture in
Vice Minister of Science and Technology
the areas of export promotion. and international agricultural trade
Since 1973, Dr. Doryan has been a university professor and lecturer in
negotiations. His former positions include agricultural section coordinator
more than ten countries, author and coauthor of several books about
and chief advisor to the minister of planning at the National Planning
technological politics, energy planning, and evaluation of developmental
Office.
projects. From 1982-86 be was A coauthor of the National Plan of Science
Mr. Montero received his education at the University of Chile and the
and Technology. From 1986 to 1987 Dr. Doryan was president of the
University of Wisconsin.
Permanent Executive Committee on the Interamerican Educational
Council of the Organization of American States. He has been in his current
position since 1986.
Mr. Guillerance Alejandro Moreno Purasies
Dr. Doryan was educated at the University of Costa Rica. Harvard
Chief, Department of Resources,
University and the University of Strathclyde.
Ministry of Economics and Development
The Honorable Jose Maria Figures Class
Mr. Moreno is the under secretary of economics and development and
Minister of Agriculture
chief of the Department of Resources. His responsibilities include
formulating fisheries administration and hydrobiological research
Prior to assuming the position of minister of agriculture in 1988, Mr.
policies: and analysis and evaluation of industrial and artisanal fisheries
Figueres was president of the Agroindustrial Society of San Cristobal: vice
alternatives. Mr. Moreno is also the representative of fisheries to the
president of the Costs Rican Institute of Railways: and minister of foreign
Permanent Commission of the South Pacific.
trade, He currently serves as & member of the Board of Directors of the
Agricultural Development Institute, the Sugar League. and the National
Mr. Moreno graduated from the Catholic University of Valparaiso.
Production Council.
Mr. Figures earned his B.S. from West Point Military Academy.
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Mr. Ches Dajing
ECUADOR
Deputy Director, Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Sichuan Province
The Honorable Jorge Ashalser
Under Secretary of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture
Mr. Anhalzer's primary position is under secretary of agriculture. but he is
Mr. Id Changeles
also president of an integrated poultry operation and president of the
Head Director, Foregin Affairs Office
Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise for Educador. Additionally, he is the
Sichuan Province
owner and operator of a dairy farm and an agricultural farm. Mr.
Anhalzer is past president of the Ecuador Food Manufacturers and of the
Prior to becoming the director of the Foreign Affairs Office in Sichuan,
Ecuador Hatchery Association.
Mr. Li was the vice mayor of the Changqing Municipal People's
Government. Before entering government service, Mr. Li was the deputy
Mr. Anhaizer is a graduate of lowa State University.
director of the Chongqing Boiler Plant.
Mr. Li graduated from Chongeing University.
Mr. Carics Alberto Zanige Romero
President, Interministerial Committee for Tourism
Mr. Lim Bollows
In addition to heading the Interministerial Committee for Tourism, Mr.
Deputy Director, Committee of Economic Planning
Zuniga is also professor of economic policy at the Catholic University of
Sichuan Province
Guayaquil president of the Regional Interministerial Committee for Small
Industry and Industrial Development. Proviously, Mr. Zuniga was the
Mr. Liu began his professional career as a technician at the Chongqing
regional under secretary for industry, commerce and integration.
Iron and Steel Company. In 1964 he became secretary of the Committee of
Economy of the Sichaan Province. From 1973 mtil 1985, Mr. Liu served
as manager of the Committee of Planning for Sichusa Province.
Immediately prior to his current position, Mr. Liu served as deputy mayor
EUROPE
of Lianshan autonomous prefecture.
Mr. Liu graduated from the Chongqing Industrial Institute.
Mr. David Bart, O.B.E.
Chief Executive, Hellerman Deutsch Ltd.
Mr. Man Rayin
Mr. Burt is chief executive of Hellermann Deutsch Ltd., a British electrical
Deputy Director, Sichuan Committee of Foreign Economic Relations
and optical connector manufacturer and subsidary of BowTherpe Group,
and Trade
Ltd. He has held various executive positions in the electrical component
and plastic industries. Hs is a Fellow of the Royal Society and chairman of
From 1964 until 1976, Mr. Ren was a technician in the Ministry of
the General Optical Council of Great Britain.
Machinery Industry. In 1976 Mr. Ren was appointed assistant researcher
in the Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. From
Mr. David Clark
1983 until assuming his current position in 1987, Mr. Ren Was deputy
Executive Director, European Paper Institute
director of the Committee of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of
Tianjin.
Mr. Ren graduated from the Nankal University with a degree in nuclear
Mr. Michael Waggett
physics.
Chairman, Michael Wassett & Associates
Mr. Waggett hald marketing and personnel management posts with
Turner & Newall and was managing director of and engineering company
COLOMBIA
before joining Odgers and Company in 1975. He spent 13 years with
Mr. German Garcia Duran
Odgers before founding Michael Wessett a Associates in 1988. This
General Manager, National Institute of Renewable Natural Resources
consulting group assists the Washington State in developing trade and
and the Environment, Ministry of Agriculture
economic relations with Europe.
Mr. Waggett was advented at Manchaster University and Cranfield School
Mr. Garcia worked in the United States for two years in New York state
of Management.
designing systems for environmental control and protection, and then
returning to Colombia as professor at Los Andes University. He is
responsible for introducing environmental engineering as a field of study
Mr. Archibald Graham Bain Young
in his country. Mr. Garcia is also a consultant on environmental impact
Director, International Division
and protection. In 1981 he was elected president of the Colombia Society
The Royal Bank of Scotland
on Ecology.
Mr. Garcia is a graduate of Los Andes University and received his M.S.
from Notre Dame University.
continued on next page
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Official Delegates continued
HONG KONG
Mr. Emest Evans
Mr. R. Sosprapto
Assistant Director
Director General of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture
Department of Trade and Industries
Mr. Soeprapto spent most of his professional career serving in the
Indonesian military. He retired from the Indonesian army with the rank of
Dr. Lawrence H. Y. Le
major general. From 1974 until 1977. he worked as the Indonesian military
Director, Agriculture and Fisheries Department
attache in New Delhi, India. In 1983, Mr. Sosprapto was appointed
inspector general of Army. In 1985, Mr. Soeprapto retired from the armed
Dr. Lee is responsible for all matters relating to primary production, the
services and assumed his current position.
wholesale marketing of foodstuffs, the conservation of endangered
specias, and management and development of county parks. He was
responsible for the implementation of the Marine Fish Culture Ordinance
The Honorable Waniejo
which has resulted in a threefold increase in agricultural production in
Minister of Agriculture
Hong Kong within the last six years.
Mr. Wardojo was initially involved with the People's Sugar Research
Dr. Lee received his B.S. at the University of Hong Kong, his M.S. at the
Division of the People's Agricultural Service Center. He remained in
University of Reading. U.K., and his Ph. D. at the University of Hong
government, working in various positions within the Ministry of
Kong.
Agriculture. He has been involved in both research and administration.
Prior to his current position, Mr. Wardojo worked as junior minister of
Food Crop Production Development in the Ministry of Agriculture. He
Mr. Michael See
assumed his current post in 1908.
Director, Department of Trade and Industries
Mr. Wardojo was educated at Gajah Mada University.
In 1969. Mr. Sza began his career with the Hong Kong government as an
administration officer. He served in the Resettlement Department until
1973, and in the Home Affairs Department until 1978, first as city district
JAPAN
officer and then city district commissioner. In 1978 he was posted to the
Civil Service Branch, Government Secretarist, as principal assistant
The Honorable Akira Amari
secretary. He later became deputy secretary. In 1984 he joined the Trade
Vice Minister of International Trade and Industry
Department as deputy director, a position he held until 1987. Mr. See
became director of the Department of Trade and Industries in 1987.
Mr. Tentoms Fujimato
Director, Commerce and Trude Division
Dr. Thomas E.S. Yip
Hyogo Profecture
Assistant Director, Agriculture and Fisheries Department
Dr. Yip began his caresr as a veterinary officer in the Agriculture and
Mr. Tadas Kumada
Fisheries Department. In 1983, he was appointed assistant director of the
President, Kamada Lumber Company
department. Dr. Yip currently is responsible for formulating policy and
President, Hyogo 2x 4 Home Builder's Association
strategy for the local agricultural industries. He is also involved in the
Mr. Kumada began his professional career with Toda Kensetsu, Inc. in
Vegetable Marketing Organization and the agricultural cooperative
1959. In 1964 Mr. Kumada moved to Kamada Lumber Company. From
societies.
1964 until 1969, he worked as as engineer for Kamada. Mr. Kumada was
Dr. Yip received his diploms in Medical Virology at the Institute of
promoted to director in 1969. In 1977, Mr. Kumada was appointed to his
Medical Laboratory Technology, U.K., and his Bachelor of Veterinary
current position of president of Kamada Lumber Company. He is also
Science at the University of Queensland. Australia
currently the president of the Hyogo 2 X 4 Home Builder's Association and
vice president of the Japan 2x4 Home Builder's Association.
Mr. Kumada is a graduate of the University of Fukul.
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
The Honorable H. Machareddia Jusal Hobilite
Minister of State for Research and Technology
Mr. Hajime Ombada
Director, Division of International Relations, Office of the Governor,
Dr. Habible is well known in the world of aviation and aeronautics. He has
Hyogo Prefecture
held the technology portfolio since 1978, leading his government's efferts
to bring high technology, particularly a modern aviation industry, to the
Mr. Osakada joined the Hyogo Prefectural Government in 1962. In 1985
Indonesien archipelago. Dr. Habible is also president director of
he was appointed deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Division. Office
Indonesian Aircraft Industry Nusantars (IPTN), the country's only
of the Governor. In 1987, Mr. Osakada became the director of the
airplane manufacturer. He is currently also president director of the
Tourism Division, Commerce and Industry Department. Office of the
Indonesian Shipbuilding Company and the Indonssian Weapons and
Governor. In 1988 Mr. Osakada returned to the Division of International
Munitions Industry Company. Hs has bown & member of the national
Relations as he assumed the directorship.
parliament since 1982. Dr. Habible received his advanced training in the
Mr. Osakada attended Kobe City University.
Federal Republic of Germany, where he was vise president and director for
Technology Application at Masserschmitt Boelkow Biohm from 1974 to
1978. He participated in engineering the design of several aircraft,
The Honorable Hidetoshi Ukaws
including the Fokker F-28 and the Airbus 300.
Ambassador for International Economic Affairs. Ministry of
Dr. Habible studied at the Technical University of Aschen.
Foreign Affairs
Ambassador Ukawa assumed his present post in November 1988. His main
responsibility is to represent Japan in the ongoing negotiations of the
The Honorable Hasjrul Harshap
Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
Minister of Forestry
Ambassador Ukawa has held several posts in the Ministry of Foreign
Mr. Harshap began his career as & high school teacher in Bogor.
Affairs in Tokyo, including director of the International Cooperation
Indonesia. He held positions in local and regional government in the areas
Division, director of the Second North America Division, and director of
of agronomy and economics. He was head of the Economic Bureau in
the First International Organizations Division. Ambassador Ukawa served
Sumatra; head of the Agronomy Burcau in North Summare: production
twice in Geneva at the Permanent Mission of Japan to International
director of FTP in North Sumaira: and president director of PTP in East
Organizations. Ambassador Ukawn has also had extensive experience in
Java. He was appointed junior minister for the Promotion of Plantation in
U.S.-Japanese trade relations, including negotiations involving textiles,
the Ministry of Agriculture in 1983, and was most recently appointed
steel, telecommunications, grains and other agricultural products.
minister of ferestry in 1988.
Ambassador Ukawa is a graduate of Tokyo University.
Mr. Harshop was educated at the University of Indonesia.
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA
The Honorable Paul Sal'l
The Honorable Rhoe Shang E
Secretary, Department of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries
Minister of Science and Technology
In 1965, Mr. Sal'i began his career as an agricultural assistant. In 1969, he
Dr. Rhee began his professional work at Dong-A Pharmaceutical
was assigned to the Taliligap Extension Center in the New Guines Island
Company where be remained for 15 years. In 1981 he served as a member
Region where be carried out extension and development work on cocoa,
of the 11th National Assembly and taught at the Advanced Institute of
coconut, coffee and spices. In 1972, he was transferred to Port Moresby
Science and Technology in Korea. In 1985 he was appointed deputy
and worked in the marketing section of the Department of Agriculture,
director general of the Policy Coordination Office for the Democratic
Livestock. and Fisheries. Mr. Sai'i was promoted to deputy secretary
Justice Party. in 1988 Dr. Rhee was appointed to his current post.
within his department in 1979, and in 1988 he was appointed to his current
Dr. Rhee received his B.S. degree and his Ph.D. from Seoul National
position.
University.
Mr. Sal'i received his diploms from Vudal Agriculture College.
The Honorable Lee Hyung Koo
The Honorable Margaret M. Taylor
Vice Minister of Economic Planning
Ambassador to the United States
Papua New Guinea
Mr. Lee began his career as secretary for economic affairs in the Office of
the President. He subsequently served as director-general of the Bureau of
Prior to being named ambassador to the United States, Ms. Taylor served
Economic Flanning. the Economic Planning Board: vice minister of the
as commissioner of the Papus New Guines Law Reform Commission;
Ministry of Construction: and vice minister of the Ministry of Finance.
barrister/solicitor of the National Court of Papus New Guines;
commercial solicitor for Gadens Solicitors, Port Moresby; legal advisor
Mr. Lee received his bachelor's degree from Seoul National University and
for Collins & Leahy: and a resource lawyer and consultant. She was a
attended Princeton University.
private practitioner from 1979 to 1982.
Ms. Taylor received her law degree from Melbourne University, Australia
and her master's degree in law from Harvard Law School.
MALAYSIA
Mr. Bakarwidia Hall Glassell
Director General
NEW ZEALAND
Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Mr. Raiph Maxwell, M.P.
Mr. Ghazali began his career in forestry as a district forest officer and state
Parliamentary Under Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture
silviculturist. He was state director of forestry and assistant director
Ministry of Fisheries
general of forestry for nine years, and has served as director general of the
Malaysian Timber Industry since 1983.
Mr. Ghazali earned his bachelor's degree in forestry from the University of
PERU
Aberdem, Scotland; a post-graduate diploma in forestry from Oxford
University: and a master's degree in management from the Asian Institute
Dr. Carlos Del No Cabrera
of Management in the Philippines.
President
National Council for Science and Technology
From 1966 until 1979, Dr. Cabrera worked in academia, concentrating on
The Honorable Samuel Junid
research and administrative duties. Since 1979. Dr. Cabrera has served the
Minister of Agriculture
Peruvian government as adviser to the Peruvian Nuclear Energy Institute;
Prior to being named minister of agriculture, Mr. Junid served as minister
member of the National Aerospace Research and Development
of national and rural development, deputy minister of home affairs. and
Commission; and adviser to the president of the National Research
deputy minister of land and regional development.
Council. He also acted as the coordinator of the Multinational Projects in
Mr. Junid received a Certificate in Foreign Trade and Exchange from
Engineering and Chemistry of the Organization of American States. He
London University, and attended the Institute of Export, and the Institute
has held his current post as president of the Peruvian National Council for
of Bankers in London.
Science and Technology since 1985.
Dr. Cabrera graduated as an engineer from the National Engineering
University, and received his M.S. and Ph.D. at Stanford University.
Mr. Date' Shahrem his Haji Abdal Majid
Director General
Fisheries Department
PHILIPPINES
The Honorable Apoloate V. Bentists
Under Secretary for Regional Operations
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Department of Agriculture
Mr. Samuel Abal
As owner and operator of a cattle ranch. a rice plantation and a sugarcane
First Assistant Secretary for Policy, Planning and Information,
plantation, Mr. Bautista brings practical experience to his present posi-
Department of Trade and Industry
tion. He also has extensive knowledge and experience in farm equipment
Mr. Abal started in the Trade Division of the Foreign Affairs and Trade
operations. In 1988, Mr. Bautists served as the Agriculture Department's
Department in 1981. In 1986, he was appointed section head of the Aid
official representative to the 19th Food and Agriculture Organization
Branch within the Foreign Affairs Department. In 1987, Mr. Abal moved
Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Thailand; and
to the Trade and Industry Department where ha worked as assistant
the 94th Seasion of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome, Italy.
secretary. In 1989, he became first assistant secretary in the Department of
Trade and Industry. He is currently involved in policy formulation on
trade, industry and commerce matters.
Mr. Ebert T. Bantists
Mr. Abal received his B.A. from the University of Papus New Guines.
Director, Special Concerns Office
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
The Honorable Barney Bongap
Mr. Bautista began his career in the Ministry of Public Information. He
Secretary, Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources
has served as special assistant in the Office of the Prime Minister. and as
research fellow, special assistant and head technical staff in the Office of
In 1978, Mr. Rongap was appointed the first assistant director in the Office
of Environment and Conservation. Mr. Rongap was appointed deputy
the Deputy Executive Secretary and cabinet secretary, Office of the Preai-
dent. Mr. Bautista assumed his present position in the Department of En-
secretary of the Department of Environment and Conservation in 1984. In
vircument and Natural Resources in 1987.
1986, Mr. Rongap was appointed director of the Flabories Development
Authority and in 1987 he was appointed first permanent secretary for the
Mr. Bautista earned his bachelor's and master's degrees at the University
Department of Flabertes and Marine Resources. Mr. Rongap assumed his
of the Philippines.
current position in 1988.
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Official Delegates continued
Ms. PrinciEs Rabb
Director, U.S. Trade and Development Program,
Dr. Federice M. Macarents
International Development Cooperation Agency
Assistent Secretary for International Cooperation In
The Trade and Development Program (TDP) has two objectives: develop-
Science and Technology, Department of Foreign Affairs
mental planning and encouragement of U.S. exports. These are
This office la responsible for harnessing human and financial resources
accomplished by funding U.S. projects that represent significant oppor-
from foreign countries. It consists of five divisions: Technical Assistance
runities for U.S. exports in overseas markets. Before joining TDP, Ms.
Council, Science and Technology Advisory Councils, Policy Planning,
Rabb was director of trade finance in the International Trade Adminis-
Conference, and Department of Foreign Affairs-Led Committees and
tration of the Department of Commerce. In this capacity, she advised
Commissions. Prior to his appointment, Dr. Macaranas chaired the
senior Department of Commerce officials on financial policies
Economics and Finance Department of Manhattan College in New York.
encouraging U.S. foreign trade. Prior to joining the government, Ms.
Rabb worked for the First National Bank of Chicago.
Dr. Macaranas earned his Ph.D. in economics from Purdue University: his
M.A. degree and his B.A. degree in economics from University of the
Ms. Rabb earned her B.A. from Smith College and her M.B.A. from
Philippines.
Harvard Business School.
Mr. Johnson P. Mercader
Mr. F. Date Robertson
Assistant Secretary for International Development Cooperation
Chief. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Coordinating Office, Department of Agriculture
Mr. Robertson became chief of the Forest Service in 1987. Mr. Robertson
Prior to assuming his present position. Mr. Mercader was program
joined the Forest Service upon graduation from college and has had several
manager of the ASEAN Food Handling Bureau which involved general
field assignments in the South. where he was district ranger, and in the
management and supervision of food handling projects in Indonesia,
Pacific Northwest, where he was forest supervisor of the Siuslaw and Mt.
Hood National Forests in Oregon. He was named associate chief in 1982.
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. He has been a mission
leader in the evaluation of agricultural and rural development projects in
In 1988, Mr. Robertson was given the Distinguished Service award by
Mexico, Sri Lanks, India, and South Korea.
President Reagan.
Mr. Robertson was educated at the University of Arkansas and the
Mr. Mercader earned his B.S. in Agriculture from Xavier University, and
his M.S. in Animal Nutrition and Agricultural Extension from the
American University.
University of the Philippines.
The Henorable Platus Years
Deputy United States Trade Representative
Ambassador Yerza was sworn in as Deputy United States Trade
SINGAPORE
Representative on May 9. 1989. He serves as the United States
Mr. Year Tomg Lee
representative to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), in
Director, Fisheries Division
Geneva, Switzerland. Ambassador Yerza is responsible for the activities of
Primary Production Department
the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) mission in Geneva and represents
the U.S. in GATT negotiations. From 1981 to 1989, Ambassador Yerza
was with the Committee on Ways and Means of the U.S. House of
Dr. Vincent F. S. Yip
Representatives, where he served as assistant chief counsel and as staff
Executive Director, Science Council
director of the Subcommittes on Trade.
Dr. Yip began his career conducting industrial research and development
Ambassador Yerza is a graduate of the University of Washington and the
on crystal growth while at the Crystal Products Division of Union Carbide
University of Puget Sound, and holds an L.L.D. in international law from
Corporation. Upon his return to Singapore in 1979, be joined the
Cambridge University.
Economic Development Board (EDB) concurrently heading the Science
Council and the Research Development sector. In 1986 Dr. Yip was
Mr. Fred M. Zeder, II
appointed executive director of the Science Council by the EDB. Dr. Yip's
President and Chief Executive Officer. Overseas Private Investment
accomplishments include promotion of investments in consumer
Corporation
electronics, an increase in national research and development
expenditures, and the development of Singapore Science Park. In addition
In April 1989, President Bush nominated Fred M. Zeder, II, to be
to his current position, Dr. Yip serves as the leader of Singapore's
president and chief executive officer of the Overseas Private Investment
delegation to the ASEAN Committee of Science and Technology.
Corporation (OPIC), a government agency that promotes economic
Dr. Yip obtained his B.S. at Case Institute of Technology, and his Ph.D. in
growth in developing countries by encouraging U.S. private investment in
those nations. From 1982 to 1987, he was President Reagan's personal
material science from the University of Southern California.
representative for Micronesian Status Negotiations, serving with rank of
ambassador. During the Ford administration, he served as director of U.S.
territorial affairs at the Department of Interior. Mr. Zeder began his career
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
as an entrepreneur and has headed numerous successful enterprises.
The Honorable Vyschealav Zilasov
Mr. Zeder was educated at the University of Michigan and the University
Vice Minister of Fisheries
of California, Los Angeles.
UNITED STATES
The Monorable Richard T. Crowder
Under Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Dr. Crowder is responsible for U.S. Department of Agriculture agencies
concerned with international trade and development, and U.S. farm
programs - the Foreign Agricultural Service, Office of International
Cooperation and Development, and the Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Service. Prior to being confirmed to this post in April 1989,
Dr. Crowder was most recently Senior Vice President of the Pillsbury
Company. He is a member of the American Agricultural Economics
Association, and served on its board of directors from 1975 to 1978. He
also has been an associate editor of the American Journal of Agricultural
Economics.
Dr. Crowder earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and his Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University.
Summit Speakers
Ambarader Deaid G. Ametatz
Dr. Jose Juss de Olioqal y Labactids
Former chief Agriculture Negotiator
Director General of the Serfin Financial Group
Former Under Secretary of Agriculture
Ambassador Amstutz recently completed six years of service, most
Dr. Olloqui has been associated with Central Bank, Bank of Mexico,
Interamerican Development Bank, EULABANK, Master Card
recently, he was chief negotiator for agriculture in the Uruguay
Multileteral Trade Round. Prior to that, be was under secretary of
International and Visa. He has held positions with the Ministry of Finance,
the Serfin Financial Group, the Mexican Banking Association, and the
agriculture, and the chief policy officer for international trade, farm
Latin American Federation of Banks. Dr. Olloqui served as Head of
programs, and international development. Ambassador Amstuts was the
principal architect of the U.S. proposal in the Uruguay Round that called
Banking, Currency and Investment at the Ministry of Finance, and has
for the elimination of all trade distorting subsidies and all market access
been the Mexican Ambassador to the United States. United Kingdom,
barriers. Prior to joining the government, Ambassador Amstutz was a
Barbados, and the Republic of Ireland.
general partner of the investment banking firm Goldman. Sachs, &
Dr. Olloqui received a law degree at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma a
Company, a position he held from 1978 until 1983.
de Mexico, a master's degree at George Washington University, and
Ambassador Ameture is & graduate of Ohio State University.
doctorate in law at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
Mr. Mare Leviness
Dr. George M. Вескмани
Editorial Director, The Journal of Commerce
Professor, Provest Emeritus, and Director of International Exchanges,
Mr. Levinson is aditorial director of The Journal of Commerce, a national
University of Washington
daily business newspaper specializing in International trade and
Dr. Beckmann's doctoral dissertation centered on Japanese history and he
transportation. Prior to joining The Journal of Commerce in 1987. he was
has since been actively involved in East Asian scholarly pursuits. He filled
economics editor of Business Month. His articles on economics and trade
various positions during his tenure at the East Asian Center at the
have appeared in Foreign Policy, Harvard Business Review, Foreign
University of Kansas from 1951 until 1967. After a brief stay as professor
Affairs, and numerous other publications. He is the author of two books.
at Claremont Graduate School. in 1969 he moved to the University of
Beyond Free Markets: The Revival of Activist Economics and, with C.
Washington where he continues his career as an academician. Dr.
Michael Abo, After Reagon: Confronting the Changed World Economy.
Beckmann's professional studies have resulted in the publishing of four
Mr. Levinson is a graduate of Antioch College. and holds master's degrees
books including The Modernization of China and Japan and The Making
from Georgia State University and Princeton University.
of the Melli Constitution, and numerous articles.
Dr. Beckmann was educated at Harvard University and Stanford
University.
Mr. Paul M. Meo
Chief, International Trade Division, World Bank
Dr. Richard Droback
Mr. Meo has worked with the World Bank since 1971. He has dealt with
Director, International Business Education and Research Program
economic projects in many countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, and
at the Graduate School of Business Administration, University of
South Asia. Since 1982 Mr. Meo has worked on loan packages with Chile.
Southern California
Panama, Peru, and Nepal. For the past two years Mr. Meo has led both the
World Bank's analysis of global trade issues and the assistance provided
In addition to his directorship, Dr. Drobnick is & research associate at
University of Southern California's East Asian Studies Center. He is also a
developing countries participating in the Uruguay Round of the GATT.
member of the United States National Committee for Pacific Bennomic
Prior to joining the World Bank, Mr. Meo served in the United States
Cooperation, a member of the Export Advisory Conneil to the U.S.
Foreign Service in Mexico and Australia.
Department of Commerce, and a member of the following associations:
Mr. Meo was educated at Harvard University. University of Colorado,
American and Indonesian Chamber of Commerce of the West: California
and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Council for International Trade; Hong Kons Association of Southern
California; and the Japan-American Society of Southern California. Dr.
Drounick is the counthor of the book Neither Feast Nor Familie: Food
Mr. Malcohs T. Stamper
Conditions to the Year 2000 and has written numerous articles regarding
Vice Chairman, The Boeing Company
international trade issues.
Mr. Stamper joined Boeing in 1962, after 14 years with General Motors.
Dr. Drobnick earned & doctorate in economics from the University of
He initially directed the company's aerospace electronic operations. In
Southern California.
1965, he was elected & vice president of Boeing and named general manager
of the Turbine Division. In 1969, Mr. Stamper became vice president
Mr. Stamper was named senior vice president-operations, responsible for
general manager of the company's Commercial Airplane Group. In 1971,
Dr. Jeffrey E. Gartya
President, Eliot Group, Inc.
corporate-wide operations of the company. He was elected president of
Dr. Garten heads an Investment banking firm specializing in international
Boxing and a member of the board of directors in 1972. and became vice
corporate finance. Prior to his current position. he was maxaging director
chairman in 1985. He is a former member of the board of directors of the
in New York and Tokyo for Shearson Lahman Brothers from 1979-1987.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and a current member of the
From 1972 to 1978, he worked in the Ninon, Ford and Carter
National Board of the Smithsonian Associates. In 1988 he was elected a
administrations as a contributing staff member on the White House
trustee of The Conference Board.
Council on International Economic Policy, the White House Economic
Mr. Stamper holds a degree in electrical engineering from Georgia Tech
Policy Board. and the State Department's Policy Planning Group. An
be has written on international economic and political topics in The New
adjunct professor of political economy M New York University since 1982,
University.
York Times, The Well Street Journal, Foreign Affairs, Current History,
Ms. Dort Junes Yang
The Las Angeles Times, and elsewhere.
Hong Kong Bureau Manager. Business Week
Dr. Garten holds a B.A. from Dartmouth College and earned his Ph.D. at
Ms. Yang joined Business Week in New York as an international editor in
Johns Hopkins University.
1981. As Hong Kons bureau manager, Ms. Yang has been reporting and
writing articles about business, economic, and political news in China,
Southeest Asia and Australia since 1982.
Dr. Jokn O. Ealsy
A graduate of Princeton University, Ms. Yang learned Mandarin Chinese
Professor of Law, East Asian Studies, University of Washington
master's degree from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International
during & two-year teaching fellowship in Singapore. She earned her
As part of his academic pursuits. Dr. Haley has traveled extensively. He
lived in Japan for over five years as a teacher. a lawyer, and a Senior
Studies in 1980.
Fulbright research subcier. In 1980, Dr. Haley was an Alexander von
Humbolds research scholar at Freiburg University. He has also taught as
visiting professor in Australia and at Harvard Law School. Dr. Haley has
authored numerous articles on Japanese law and for over a decade was
aditor-in-chisf of Lew in Japan: An Annual.
Dr. Haley holds degrees from Princesce University, Yale Law School and
the University of Washington.
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Washington
State University
Department of History, Pullman, Washington 99164-4030 / 509-335-5139
September 8, 1989
Ms. Peggy Dooley
Research Assistant
Office of Presidential Speechwriting
The White House
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Ms. Dooley:
I am sending the enclosed material at the request of Ms. Alliston
Cowles of Spokane, in anticipation of President Bush's speech
there on September 19. Hope it is of some help.
Sincerely,
David H. Stratten
Professor of History
Enc.
From:
David H. Stratton
SPOKANE CENTENNIAL
Professor of History
Project Description
Washington State University
Pullman, WA 99164-4030
Introduction
The Pacific Northwest, once a "Far Corner" of the United States, is a
relatively new region in the nation's development when compared with older
sections such as the South. Precisely for that reason Northwest history has
been slighted and thus offers a fertile field for consideration. In addition,
the broad expanse of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and western Montana is expected
to undergo dramatic changes in the coming decades as the population increases
due to attractive living conditions and as industry and commerce follow in the
wake of human migration. Yet among those who live here knowledge and under-
standing are woefully inadequate about the economic, social, and political
melieu which should have a bearing on the building of a new society. Even so,
far more attention has been paid to the "Evergreen Northwest" -- those lush
green lands west of the Cascade Mountains which provide a setting for Seattle
and Portland -- than to brown-green stretches of plateau, basin, and mountains
east of the Cascades. A clearer view of this sizable hinterland part of the
nation and its major urban center would help give a better perspective to the
whole.
On November 29, 1881, the Washington territorial legislature granted a
charter of incorporation to the municipality of Spokane Falls. Both British
(Canadian) and American fur traders had earlier operated posts near this site
on the Spokane River; and the Canadians had first used the name Spokane for the
Indian people living in the vicinity, for the river itself, and for the original
trading post, Spokane House. White settlers had started appearing near the falls
9
in the early 1870s, and the man usually recognized as the present city's founding
father, James N. Glover, had filed a town plat in 1878. For the next forty years
Glover remained an enthusiastic booster for that spot where the river plunged
over spectacular falls into the canyon below. In 1891, following the disastrous
fire of 1889 and the subsequent rebuilding activities, the name was changed from
Spokane Falls to Spokane.
Today the city is generally acclaimed as the hub of the "Inland Empire"
(most of which was once known as the "Great Columbia Plain"), a vast area ex-
tending from southeastern British Columbia on the north to northeastern Oregon
in the south, and from the Cascade Range on the west to the Rocky Mountains on
the east. Yet this prominence was hardly a foregone conclusion since competing
cities could conceivably have won the distinction. The 1880s, a major boom
period for the Pacific Northwest, largely determined the eventual outcome.
At the beginning of that dynamic decade Walla Walla, one of the erstwhile
challengers, reigned as the largest place in the Territory of Washington even
though its population numbered little more than 3500. Spokane was then a
village of about 350, but its growth during the next thirty years set an im-
pressive record. By 1890 it had become a trading center and city of almost
20,000, and by 1910 it had reached a population of 104,402. As the metropolis
of eastern Washington (and the largest city of the interior Northwest as well),
it soon exceeded coastal Tacoma in size and ranked second to Seattle, a position
it still maintains in the state. Although such spectacular early development
seemed to assure a population of half a million in the near future, Spokane's
growth leveled off thereafter and has not as yet passed the 200,000 mark.
This kind of seasoned stability makes Spokane stand out among the usually
fast-changing cites of the Far West. In addition, the Spokane story reveals
that fate, or a peculiarly fortunate combination of circumstances, has favored
the hub of the Inland Empire. Like the river and falls with their power
potential, the railroad has played a pervasive role in the city's history.
When the Northern Pacific Railroad first arrived in 1881, the unincorporated
hamlet could boast only a handful of business establishments and several sub-
stantial dwellings. After completion of the NP's transcontinental link in
1883, the blossoming city became a major rail center, as it benefited not only
from the NP but also from the traffic of the Union Pacific, the Great Northern,
and the Milwaukee lines. The great gold rush to the Coeur Alene district of
northern Idaho, beginning in 1883-84, brought a horde of newcomers by railroad.
Meanwhile farmers settled on the surrounding fertile lands of the Inland Empire.
As a result, Spokane became dominant over an area of relatively sparse popula-
tion which was nevertheless rich in mining (with its supporting smelters and
sawmills), wheat-raising, stock-growing, and lumbering.
People of many national and ethnic origins were drawn to the city and its
tributary region. Most of them were from the coastal Pacific Northwest or from
other parts of the United States. But among the significant number of foreign-
born groups were several thousand "Volga" or Russian Germans, who found homes
on the wheatlands near such places as Endicott, Bluestem, and Odessa. Others
of German stock as well as Scandinavians and Canadians greatly increased the
population. Italians, Jews from central and southern Europe, Poles, and other
peoples of the "New Immigration" came in lesser numbers. Large contingents of
Chinese made their way to Spokane from the railroad camps and declining mining
districts, although they did not always stay, and later some Japanese went there,
too. A modest representation of blacks could be found in the city, especially
after Fort George Wright was established at Spokane in 1896 and some of the
first soldiers stationed there were blacks. In more recent times various
Asian groups; including Vietnamese, and Chicanos have registered significant
gains in the population. Most of the Indian people have remained on the
reservations or lands to which they were relegated before the turn of the
century. On the other hand, countless retired persons from outlying areas
have moved to Spokane because of its service programs, medical facilities, and
hospitals.
More than anything else, the railroad made Spokane, but continued develop-
ment depended on a diversity of cultural and economic factors. Even though of
moderate size today, Spokane's cultural institutions, banks, and businesses seem
more appropriate for a larger city. Its TV stations and principal newspapers
reach out to western Montana, northern Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and all of
eastern Washington. Its medical facilities serve this same extensive area.
The Washington Water Power Company, which began at the river falls, blankets
much of adjacent Washington and Idaho. In somewhat grandiose terms Spokane is
"The Capital City of the Inland Empire." More specifically, the configurations
of the present city as well as its history cannot be adequately explained without
giving due attention to Spokane's dominion over its "sphere of influence" or,
as a commercial realm, its "nodal region. "
In September 1931 the citizens of Spokane celebrated their "Golden Jubilee"
with three days of festivities. A half-century later,
the
1
the city celebrated its centennial with appropriate ceremonies, and it is now
Ron
Ball
appointed
the
Spokem
ee
a major participant in Washington's year-long statehood centennial festivities.
headed
by
Denald
A
Neras,
local
architect.
The
committee
May
1981
the
period
JOJ
scheduling
in
In
the
spring
1980
H
Department
and
other
at
Washington
STATEHOOD FOR WASHINGTON:
SYMBOL OF A NEW ERA
by
Howard R. Lamar
yole University
If one were to ask historians what the United States was like when Washing-
ton, Montana, and the two Dakotas were seeking admission to the Union in the
late 1880s, some would respond that it was a terrible time. A favorite reply
would be that it was the Gilded Age, a period when robber barons like Jay Gould
and Jim Fisk flourished, when everyone both admired and hated John D. Rockefeller
and his Standard Oil Company for proving just how powerful and successful an
aggressive limited liability corporate monopoly could be. The heartless new
spirit of corporate monopoly was captured in a reputed mark of J.P. Morgan:
"I like a little competition, but I like monopoly better."
Other historians would disagree -- offering the counter argument that it
was an age of great expectations, original speculative dreams, and financial
and industrial breakthroughs when inventive businessmen became more prominent than
politicians. It is probably true that by the 1880s Americans knew more about
Rockefeller, Collis P. Huntington, J.P. Morgan, Henry Villard and James J. Hill,
than about some of the senators and congressmen of their home states. As one
can tell from the persons just named, it was an age of railroads. Huntington
was associated with the Union Pacific and the Southern Pacific, Morgan domi-
nated New York and Southern railway systems, Henry villard controlled the
Northern Pacific for a time, and Hill was the builder of the Great Northern.
At one point Jay Gould controlled a system of railroads stretching across the
nation. It was the railroads that enabled firms like Standard Oil and United
States Steel to succeed, partly because they allowed them to serve a national
market and partly because the lines gave favored customers rebates on charges.
To express the point another way, because of railroads business began to think
nationally rather than regionally. Indeed, our forebears had railroads on the
brain for they had learned that this new form of transportation could make or
break them, whether they ran a store, raised wheat or cotton, mined coal, re-
fined oil, or shipped merchandise to rural areas.
2
The citizens of Washington Territory were especially sensitive to the
need for railroads. Listen to the cry of the Walla Walla Watchman before
any of the transcontinentals had reached the Pacific Northwest.
"Give us a railroad!" the newspaper exclaimed. "Though it be a rawhide
one with open passenger cars and an iron sheet boiler; anything on wheels
drawn by an iron horse! But give us a railroad!
So intimately connected was a railroad to agricultural success in the
1880s, that, as Charles M. Gates has noted, farmers moved ahead of Henry
Villard's Northern Pacific construction crew into the Palouse Country and
the Columbia Basin. Once the railroad had arrived, the Yakima Valley
blossomed under irrigation -- which the railroads had helped to introduce.
Partly because of such inducements some 95,000 people came to Washington
between 1887 and 1889. The completion of the Northern Pacific, observes
Gates, meant that "In 1889 Washington rode to statehood on the crest of an
economic boom
112
Thus one can safely assume that Washingtonians
eagerly embraced the railroad, the arch symbol of modernity in Gilded Age
America.
The focus on railroads, however, meant, among other things, a focus
on materialism and quick wealth. This led Vernon Louis Parrington, of the
University of Washington, to call it "The Great Barbecue"
"a world
of triumphant and unabashed vulgarity without its like in our history
113
1889 was also the year when President Harrison yielded to the unceasing
pressure of white settlers, speculators and railroad promoters by opening
a vast land reserve in Indian Territory. The famous Oklahoma land run of
that year riveted the nation's attention on not only that parcel of land
but others in Indian Territory -- which led to subsequent rushes. 4
Almost
inevitably in 1890 Congress established another potential state when it
created Oklahoma Territory. 5 There were both a certain glory and a certain
horror associated with these events. Men felt that they needed land re-
gardless of whom they displaced or hurt. At the time one cynical Oklahoma
Indian leader remarked: Our land's "chief beauty in the white man's eyes
- 3 -
consists in the fact that "they have no right to it. 6 Henry George and
others at the time described the public land system, and especially the abuses
of the Homestead Act, as a cruel mockery: "benign in intent but II a specula-
tor's dream.
117
Given these selective examples of the usual picture of the Gilded Age,
was there still a sense of patriotism, a spirit of national unity and evidence
of political statesmanship? Had not a half-million men died in the Civil War
to preserve the Union and/or to end black slavery? So far as the 1880s are
concerned, the answer is disturbing. As H. Wayne Morgan, a leading historian
of the Gilded Age, has observed, despite the Constitution, the Civil War and
patriotic ideals, the United States emerged from the war "a collection of
8
regions varying in age, economics, populations and social attitudes.
There
was so much variation, in fact, that phrases like Yankee, Southerner and
Westerner held deep and often hostile meanings for citizens. As Morgan him-
9
self asks: Could Duluth, Minnesota and New Orleans be in the same country?
At the lighter level clever humorists like Petroleum V. Naseby, Artemus Ward
and Josh Billings used distinguishing sectional or hayseed language in their
jokes and writings. 10 After he was elected president in 1888, Benjamin Harrison
visited Atlanta to discuss his "probable Southern policy;" later the New York
Times ran headlines when it was rumored that Harrison would choose two "Westerners"
(from Iowa and Minnesota) for his cabinet.
11
This sense of deep division in the country was also symbolized by the fact
that while the Republicans had successfully elected presidents throughout the
Gilded Age, the Democrats had controlled the eight out of the ten sessions of
Congress during a twenty-year period. Republicans were for a protective tariff
and industrial development while the Democrats were for a low tariff and a weak,
almost negative government. With memories of the Civil War still vivid, there
continued to be confrontations in Congress between Southern Democrats and Nor-
thern Republicans or even between Northern and Southern Democrats.
It was in this time of greedy materialism, robber barons and sectional
biases, and a Congress divided by partisan politics from the Executive, that
Washington Territory, along with the territories of Dakota, Montana, Idaho,
Wyoming, New Mexico and Utah sought admission to the Union as states. Because
it seemed likely that even the admission of some of these states would un-
settle the current political balance of power in Congress, the reluctance
of that body to admit them long after they had met the usual population re-
quirements for admission is understandable. It was also a fact that Senators
12
and Congressmen greatly enjoyed controlling federal offices in the territories.
This was one way to reward faithful party members who had lost an election.
Or it could be a source of jobs for needy relatives.
Even so, there is another side to the Gilded Age that many historians,
myself among them, would stress, for despite all the bad things, it was also
an age of hope and reform. The air was blue with intelligent proposals for
bettering life. One thinks of the Farmers' Alliance, the Populists, the
passage of the Civil Service Act, the creation of the Interstate Commerce
Commission, and the women's suffrage and prohibition movements, to name only
13
a few.
Generally speaking the nation not only exhibited a sense of fair
play and justice, it showed strong signs of rising above sectionalism to
achieve a new nationalism.
By the 1880s daily newspapers had become common and were at a high point of
influence. Aided by the new technology of wire services, local papers could
and did cover national and international news. What is more, people read the
14
newspapers and avidly discussed their contents.
During the 1880s citizens
15
still voted in huge turnouts on election day.
Partly because of the news-
papers, some 3,000 journals and magazines, and new national networks of trans-
portation services, achieved by standardizing the width of rails and con-
necting competing lines, the United States began to have a national popular
culture. Our ancestors all read Louisa M. Alcott, Emerson and Hawthorne.
16
Charles Dickens was never more popular.
Both rural and urban audiences
17
heard famous men and women speaking on the Chatauqua circuit.
It seems
that many people had heard Andrew Carnegie or Mark Twain or had watched Joe Jeffer-
son,
Edwin Booth or Sarah Bernhardt perform on stage. Or at least they
knew of them. The mining town of Butte, Montana, for example, was on a
national vaudeville circuit.
5
At the same time the nation could boast that it had now produced such
famous writers as Emerson, William Dean Howells Mark Twain, Stephen Crane
and Henry James. Moreover, we were exporting our first fully trained pro-
18
fessional American mining engineers to other countries.
Meanwhile, a
host of educated American scientists and lay persons were trying to persuade
19
their fellow citizens to accept Darwinian evolution.
There was, in all of this ferment, a desire for resolving old problems,
for closing down the Civil War hatreds once and for all, for regulating
20
outrageous business practices, and for defining a new and modern America.
Similarly, there was a sense of closing the old frontier. Geronimo,
a dramatic symbol of fierce last-ditch Indian resistance to white authority,
21
was captured and sent to prison at Fort Sill, Oklahoma in the 1880s.
By
giving Indians homesteads, the Dawes Act of 1887 tried to make them into
22
Jeffersonian yeomen and thus end tribalism.
Senator George Franklin
Edmunds of Vermont joined Congressman John Randolph Tucker of Kentucky in
1889 to pass a bill that succeeded in forcing Mormons in Utah to abandon
their sanction of polygamous marriage in 1890. 23 The opening of some eleven
million acres of Sioux lands in 1890, along with the provision that more
tracts in Oklahoma would be opened to whites, meant that soon no more unor-
ganized lands in the continental United States would exist, a fact noted
by the Census Director in 1890 when he reported that no more unbroken fron-
tiers of free land existed in the nation. That same year the last major
Indian-white battle occurred at Wounded Knee. Three years later Frederick
Jackson Turner called attention to the end of the frontier in his famous
address, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History. 1,24
One of the themes of this essay is that the national debate over the
admission of Washington and the other territories as states in the Union
revealed the "states of mind" of the country in a remarkable way -- almost
as if someone had put the nation on the psychiatrist's couch and persuaded
it to confess: its collective hopes and fears. A second theme is that the
passage of the Omnibus Bill of 1889, by which the territories of Dakota,
Montana and Washington were admitted, was the result of a statesmanlike
- 6 -
compromise in the Congress that signified a turning away from the old
sectionalism that had persisted in national politics since the Civil War
Indeed, the passing of the Omnibus Bill may well have been the fourth and
last great compromise in settling national crises about the size and nature
of the Union. There had been a crisis when Missouri sought admission in
1820, a second one when California became a state and Utah and New Mexico
became territories in 1850, a North-South political compromise in 1877
when Hayes was declared the winner over Tilden, and in 1889 when the Southern
states finally abandoned the idea of "matching" or pairing states to keep the
25
existing sectional and political balance in Congress.
Further, there is evidence that by rounding out the Union in the North-
west, Congress felt it had created a solid tier of states to the West Coast
that could be a new route by which to tap the trade of the Orient. That
coincided with a rising interest in overseas trade generally, the securing
26
of coaling stations in the Pacific, and a new desire for an interoceanic canal.
And finally, the passage of the Omnibus Bill in 1889 broke the back of Con-
gress's resistance to letting in the remaining territories, for between 1890
and 1912 all the rest came in, leaving only Alaska and Hawaii in territorial
status.
One way of fathoming the mind of the country is to ascertain the image
the American public had of the future Omnibus States. It looks as if the
public's most favorable impressions were of Dakota Territory -- that vast
square on the map, diagonally bisected by the Missouri River. An area so
large that the public felt, along with most Dakotans, that it must become
two states. Americans saw it as an exceptionally prosperous area, with
bonanza wheat farms winh the northeast quadrant, gold mining in the Black
Hills, smaller farms in southeastern Dakota and a potentially great ranching
27
area west of the Missouri.
Moreover, the Dakotas had had a key ingredient --
railroads, with the Northern Pacific reaching across the northern half, and
the Chicago and Northwestern tapping southeastern Dakota. Dakotans were seen &S
28
as solid safe backbone-of-the-nation types.
Despite unsettling blizzards
in 1886-87 and drought, it was seen as a new Iowa or Minnesota.
- 7
Americans saw Montana as a large mining community, and while they re-
gretted its being dominated by big business, they felt it had developed
29
enough for statehood.
Idaho was seen as less developed but still nearly
30
ready for statehood, as was even relatively unpopulated Wyoming.
Utah
and New Mexico, however, were seen as flawed, the first by Mormon rule
and the practice of polygamy, and New Mexico by the fact that its Spanish-
or Mexican-Indian inhabitants did not yet know English, were Catholic, and
31
did not fully accept American institutions.
In contrast, for the American public the gem was Washington. The
Territory had fantastic resources of forests and coal deposits. It had
a rich variety of agricultural lands. Its promoters boasted that it had the
scenery of Switzerland, a benign climate, the best type of settlers, and
two transcontinental rail connections -- soon to be three with the expected
arrival of James J. Hill's Great Northern. The potential of trade for its
Puget Sound ports was so great one orator declared that the Sound would
32
become a second Adriatic.
Washington also benefitted from extremely intelligent, factual and
effective propaganda put out by the Territorial Bureau of Immigration and
33
the railroads.
The Bureau's brochures issued in the 1880s made Washington
seem enormously attractive. One of the enduring comparisons was that
Washington was the "Pennsylvania of the West" with its splendid variety of
34
resources, rich soils and bearable climate.
In addition to brochures crammed with statistics, talented orators, both
before and after statehood, enchanted eastern audiences with glorious ac-
counts of the "Evergreen State. " Typical was Henry B. Clifford's description
of the wealth of western Washington:
"It is so mild that when snow does fall it
rests as lightly as a bashful kiss and then
melts away through the warm passion of mother
earth.
"
35
Seattle was described as having a good population and a high civilization,
whereas local people, aware of Seattle's heavy drinking Skid Row, might have
rephrased that to say it was a "high" population that needed some good civi-
lizing. Spokane was always touted as destined to be a second Minneapolis and
36
St. Paul.
An 1888 brochure declared that "North of the Snake in the Palouse
8 -
Country settlers are of the "farming classes, steady and industrious, and
have brought with them a love of churches, schools, and social development
rather than a spirit of adventure and speculation. 37 In short, by 1889 the
national perception of Washington was not as a rough frontier state but as
as region full of active, educated yeoman farmers and churchgoers. Indeed,
another immigration pamphlet stated that the:
Vast majority came from the older settled
east and brought with them their eastern college
education, the eastern culture;, they have lost
nothing but the narrow pride of section which
arises from a lack of knowledge of all that lies
beyond the narrow limits of that section in which
38
they were born or raised.
Such broadly optimistic statements obscured complex political and economic
problems with which the region was grappling in the late 1880s. Let us look
for a moment at the statehood drive both in Washington Territory itself and
in the nation's capitol. For example, while various territorial politicians
had proposed statehood over the years, a majority of voters did not approve
a call for a constitutional convention until 1876. That body actually met in 1878
in Walla Walla and drew up a document which the voters approved but Congress
opposed, saying that the population was too small.
39
In 1882, Thomas H. Brents, the territorial delegate, got a favorable
House vote on a statehood act, but the bill never made it to the Senate.
In 1886 a similar measure passed the Senate but was defeated by the House.
40
One of the reasons given for the defeat was that, upon admission, Washington
would become a Republican state, a possibility that the Democrats:who were
in control of the House did not want.
It was the Senate debate of 1886, however, that provides us with the
first of many insights into the thinking of Congressmen about larger issues,
among them the real implications of statehood for Washington. This occurred
when Senator John Tyler Morgan of Alabama rose to deliver a major address
favoring the admission of Washington. Given the rumor that Washington
would be a Republican state and the fact that the sections of the country
9 -
did not trust one another, why was Morgan pro-Washington? Morgan revealed
his reason when he stated that the future of American prosperity lay in the
Pacific trade. A hundred years from now, he predicted, the value of trade
with Asia would be I $10 for every one [dollar] that came from Europe. 41
To capture that trade, explained Morgan, Americans must compete successfully
with Great Britain, and especially with their activities in British Columbia
where Vancouver and the Canadian Pacific Railroad -- then being completed --
posed a major threat to American trade. Further, Victoria was the site of
a powerful British naval station whereas the United States had built no major
docks or defense posts in Washington Territory. As Morgan noted:
"Sir, if there is a place on the American
continent where all of the best power we have
got under our form of government ought to be
concentrated, it is in Washington Territory.
It is an indispensable thing for the national
security to say nothing of the progress that
her people ought to make and must make in that
quarter. ,42
Morgan was voicing both the old hope of effecting a Passage to India that
would allow one to establish an empire based on trade, while acknowledging the
new fact of aggressive imperialism that European nations were already prac-
ticing in Africa and the Pacific. Morgan's colleague in the Senate, California's
Leland Stanford, had earlier warned the Alabamian that Victoria, British Colum-
bia, now had fortnightly steamers plying between that city and Hong Kong. Echo-
ing Stanford he said that we must have Pacific coaling stations, for "commerce
it is that rules the world at this hour. Armies and navies are servants of
1,43
commerce today
Morgan's imperial vision was truly imperial. He praised Seward for buying
Alaska, urged U.S. exploitation of Pacific fisheries, and:declared that
we must have Hawaii
that outpost of the sea. " He also argued that the
United States must have an Isthmian canal though his own preference was for a
10
canal through Nicaragua. For California to develop its iron ore deposits,
he said, it must have Washington coal and then both could build ships on
44
the West Coast so that Americans could command the Pacific.
To
realize
that command, Morgan envisioned a self-sufficient West Coast, a key to which
was Washington's geographic position and strategically important resources.
Although Morgan was highly educated and a former teacher of Greek and
Roman classics, he did not hesitate to use spread-eagle Southern oratory
to make his point.
"I, sir, coming from the Gulf of Mexico,
extend the cordial greetings of the people of
the south to the people of the North Pacific
coast and tell them they shall have my support
for the measure that they have now before the
1,45
Senate
Morgan's desire for a new American imperialism coincided with Leland
Stanford's more immediate concern that the completion of the Canadian Pacific
to Vancouver would threaten American trade with the Orient and thus hurt the
Union Pacific. They both anticipated a Northern Pacific railroad ad of 1887
which, after having praised the Pacific Northwest, went on to say that man's
46
highest challingstwere "commerce, trade and manufacturing.
Four years later, Henry B. Clifford echoed these themes in a speech to
an audience of 3,000 at the Boston Music Hall about the enormous promise of
the new state of Washington. Among other things he urged reciprocal trade
treaties with every country in the Pacific, for "trade with a foreign land
is like love -- it is not successful unless "in a measure returned. " Clifford,
who appears to have been a railroad man, hoped that the United States would
divert all the trade of China, Japan and Siberia through Puget Sound.
47
Morgan and Clifford's riding of the new wave of sentiment for an over-
seas trade empire only reflected James G. Blaine's ardent belief in trade
with Latin America. Already known for his support of reciprocity treaties,
with his accession to the position of Secretary of State in Harrison's Cabinet
in 1889, one of his first acts was to hold the first Pan-American trade con-
48
ference which laid the basis for the Pan American Union.
11
Yet, for all his grand imperial vision, Senator Morgan, so his bio-
grapher tells us, wanted Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hawaii annexed as states
"believing them Southern in politics. ,49 Thus the old idea of balancing
the power between the sections in Congress that had led to the Compromises
of 1820 and 1850 was still there. At the same time Morgan was acutely aware
that the older internal frontier was at an end. Land exhaustion and the
decline in available homestead lands, Morgan noted, had led "inquisitive and
hungry men" to surround the territory of Oklahoma "almost three deep."
Using what was to be Turner's classic safety valve theory, he said that our
cities were overloaded with slum populations and that Washington State could
50
be one outlet for the surplus.
By the time the presidential election of 1888 rolled around, the agita-
tion to admit at least some western territories as states was SO great both
parties endorsed the idea. The Republicans made it one of the longest planks
in their platform of that year. Both western political leaders and the rail-
road propagandists had done their work well by creating such attractive images
of Washington and Dakota that the public was quite favorable to statehood for
both territories. Nor was it an accident that the Republicans had focused on
this issue in their platform. Their candidate, Benjamin Harrison, had been
chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories. He had been on record for
four years as having tried to get statehood for South Dakota.
51
Patronage
appointees from his home state of Indiana occupied positions in perhaps a
dozen key territorial offices across the West.
52
Knowing that the territories
would be states one day, he had cultivated the Republican leadersin each of
them. A cousin, Dr. Frank Harrison, conveniently living in Utah, reported to
him personally about territorial events there and elsewhere.
53
It was Harrison
who had secured a civil government for Alaska Territory.
Until 1888, it appears that the Democrats opposed admission in order to
retain control of the House and Senate. They were certain that North and
South Dakota would be Republican and they thought Washington might be as well.
They thought Montana would be a Democratic state, but were not sure. Although
they believed New Mexico and Utah could be lured into the Democratic column,
- 12
these were the flawed territories with little national popular support for
admission. No party in its right mind would knowingly admit six and possibly
eight senators belonging to the opposite party into Congress.
Facing the inevitable fact that sooner or later the Northwest tier of
territories would be states, the first Democratic strategy was to minimize
the number of admissions. Illinois Congressman, William McKendree Springer,
Democratic Chairman of the House Committee on Territories, advocated admitting
Dakota as only one state. Two R epublican senators were better than four.
This proposal absolutely infuriated both northern and southern Dakotans who
wanted division of the Territory into two states. The future state of South
Dakota had voted for separation overwhelmingly in 1885. Nevertheless, Springer
proposed an omnibus bill whereby three states would come in: Dakots, Montana
and Washington with the expectation that the latter two might pressure Dakotans
to accept single-state status. To satisfy the South, Springer urged Demo-
cratic office holders in New Mexico to stir up a statehood movement there.
54
Similar Democratic efforts appear to have been made in Utah.
Suspicious of
the motives for Springer's bill, the Chicago Tribune late called the Omnibus
Bill "Springer's How-Not-To-Admit Bill." Ironically, the Tribune employed
Springer's own tactic when it suggested that the only way to get New Mexico
55
into the Union was to join it to progressive Arizona.
While it looks as if Springer was sincere if overly clever in his efforts
to admit western states, he kept finding obstacles that threatened his version
of admission. In the election of 1888, for example, not only did Harrison
win, but the Republicans won both houses of Congress. They felt that they
had a mandate to admit new and safely Republican states. When the lame duck
Congress met in December 1888, the Democrats were in a quandary. If they
refused to admit the Northwestern territories they would be denounced. in all
of these probable new states. The question was how to retain some popularity.
Meanwhile the Republicans were already threatening to call a special session
to round out the Union. It was in this atmosphere that Springer presented
the final version of his three state omnibus bill. After a motion to include
New Mexico failed, it passed. The Republican Senate, on the other hand, not
only wanted admission for Washington and Montana, but wanted Dakota to come
- 13 -
in as two states. Further, they wanted South Dakota, which had already passed
56
and approved a state constitution four years earlier, admitted at once.
The
House rejected the Senate's proposal. Thus the Senate refused to accept the
Democratic bill holding up South Dakota's admission by requiring a new rati-
fication of the 1885 Constitution and a new vote for the division of Dakota
into two states. In turn the House rejected the Senate's proposal to admit
57
South Dakota at once.
Tempers were getting short and even the territorial delegates themselves
became frustrated and angry as demonstrated by the remarks of Delegate Toole
from Montana who said that the territories were being held in bondage just as
Britain was holding Ireland against the latter's wishes. Using heavy-handed
satire, Toole recalled that Garfield had said that wise men came from the East
and that in the case of territorial appointments, his Republican friends had
determined that history should repeat itself. This was a jab at all the non-
resident brothers-in-law and cousins of Congressmen being foisted on the terri-
tories as federal officials. Then came Cleveland, Toole continued, who said
that wise men came from the South, which meant that Southerners should run the
territories. The territories were now so frustrated after years of waiting
that real protest was developing and that in Montana "There was only one remedy
for the evil --- a star on the flag, a vote, and a voice in both branches of
Congress. Without this, there was nothing but political insomnia and unrest
"
He ended by declaring that home rule in the territories "lay bleeding at the
58
foot of despotism.
A day later, Delegate Charles S. Voorhees of Washington Territory voiced
the demand of the people of that territory for admission into the union and
"expressed extreme regret and profound indignation, which he, in common with
his constituents , felt at the apathy exhibited by Congress to that demand
in the past
"
59
Meanwhile Congressional tempers had also flared over disputed elections
in Louisiana and over policy towards blacks. Waving of the bloody sheet by
Senator William Eaton Chandler of New Hampshire and remarks by Morgan of
Alabama about Senator Platt of Connecticut did nothing to help matters. On
January 27 two congressmen engaged in fisticuffs over the outcome of the
60
Civil War.
- 14 -
Into the Republican North and Democratic South breach came Congressman
S.S. Cox of New York State, a man who was so flamboyant and eloquent that
after a particularly florid description of a sunset, his fellow politicians
gave him the nickname "Sunset" Cox. Cox had originally entered Congress
representing Ohio, at the time of the Kansas-Nebraska crisis, as a Union
Democrat and admirer of that Illinois compromiser, Stephen F. Douglas. Al-
ways a believer in moderation, in the election of 1860 he had voted for the
Constitutional Union candidate. During the Civil War he was a Peace Democrat.
Once the fighting had ended, Cox advocated amnesty for high-ranking ex-Con-
federates and the forging of a new national unity. By then Cox had moved to
61
New York City where he was elected to Congress for the next twenty years.
Cox had watched the omnibus bill debates with growing concern. Seeing
that the Democrats could ruin themselves by a retreat into sectional obstinacy
and filibusters, he and a fellow New York Congressman, Charles S. Baker, laid
down a set of binding conditions that would govern the House and Senate Terri-
torial Committee conference. Cox appears to have been supported by Senator
62
Matthew C. Butler of South Carolina in these efforts.
The stipulations were
that all states were to be admitted on the basis of the same rules, that is
all were to have new constitutional conventions, except South Dakota where
the 1885 document could stand but was to be updated. South Dakota, like the
others, had to elect new officers of the state. Cox, a Democrat, rose above
63
party to make sure the omnibus states would have justice.
That Cox was sincere there can be no doubt. He firmly believed every
territory except Utah should be in the Union. In his typically florid but
humorous way he remarked that "some gentlemen talk of annexing Canada."
There would be time enough to annex Canada, he responded, when the nebulous
territories "had put off their rudimentary and donned their stately stoles
of
mankind. " His tribute to the west on this occasion drew applause from
64
the House.
Accepting the guidelines, the House passed the "Omnibus Bill" on January
18, 1889 with New Mexico included, but on February 14, that body voted to
exclude New Mexico. Fourteen Democrats joined the Republicans in this vote.
And when the issue of permitting South Dakota to come in with an old consti-
tution, eight Democrats joined the Republicans to carry it, all the Democrats
65
being from the northern or north central states.
- 15 -
Congressman Joseph C.S. Breckenridge of Kentucky, a former Confederate
who had been with Jefferson Davis on his flight from Richmond at the end of
the Civil War, used every parliamentary trick to defeat the omnibus bill or
to have New Mexico included. Despite Breckenridge and others, the omnibus
66
bill finally passed on February 20 and the Senate concurred.
By this time
the spirit of inevitability and compromise was so strong that the only real
discussion in the House-Senate conference on the bill arose when women's
suffrage advocates from Washington Territory pleaded that a right of women-
to-vote clause be put in the bill. Some twenty-two senators endorsed the
request, but Senator Platt of Connecticut, Chairman of the Senate Territorial
Committee, said that the conferees wanted to wait and see what the Supreme
Court would say because the Washington territorial courts had recently denied
women the right to vote and the case was being appealed to the Supreme Court.
67
Washington, like Utah and Wyoming, had not only been the scene of early
agitation for the right of women to vote, women in Washington had voted and
served on juries for two years before the law allowing them to do so was ruled
invalid. The point to be noted is that here again Washington was seen as being
in the forefront of a progressive new age by debating a suffrage reform issue
that would not reach the national level until the twentieth century.
Two minor crises marked the final hours before the Omnibus Act of 1889
was passed by Congress. On the eve of passage on February 22, Senator Chandler
of New Hampshire, a former Radical Republican abolitionist, and Senator
Blackburn began to shout at one another after Chandler had said, "I don't want
to be bulldozed by any such slave-driver as you. " A fist fight between the
two was narrowly avoided but Southern papers played up the incident and another
paper estimated that the attack would insure Chandler's reelection from New
68
Hampshire.
The second crisis came when at the last moment, a move to change the name
69
of Washington to Tacoma was quashed.
Suddenly it was all over. A combination of Democrats and Republicans in
a Democratic House and a Republican Senate, had voted to admit four new states.
The bill was rushed to President Cleveland who signed it on Washington's
birthday in honor of the state that had been named after the first president.
It was, said the strongly Republican New York Herald Tribune -- "a graceful
70
action.
- 16 -
On February 23 the national wire services reported on the Omnibus Act
which provided for constitutional conventions to be convened on July 4, 1889
in the four states, a vote of ratification to take place in October, and
for admission in November. The newspapers were intrigued at the prospect of
forty-two stars in the flag by December, 1889 Crowed the New York Herald
Tribune: "The event is unique. Never before has so great a number of Common-
wealths been admitted at one time " nor had previous ones been so fully quali-
71
fied as these four. The four enter by right and not by suffrance.
Then, having thought about the new states for two days, on Sunday,
February 24, the Herald Tribune carried an editorial entitled "Growing Nation,"
which noted that with the admission of the new states the center of political
power had moved west to Indiana. The Northwest and the new states could now
elect a president without New York! With a bittersweet sense of loss, the
editorial concluded: "So true it is that the west has become the ruling power
72
in the Republic.
Echoing the Tribune, on July 3 the San Francisco Bulletin
said that the Omnibus States were new weights to shift the center of political
73
gravity away from the slums of New York to the purer air of the West.
Ironically the Tribune and Bulletin predicted the rise of the West only four
years before Frederick Jackson Turner lamented the demise of the western frontier.
As is well known, the Western states continued to feel (and were) in economic
and
colonial servitude to the East/ it was not until World War II that they felt strong
or free. But in 1889 Washington and the Omnibus States served as early symbols
of a new progressive America in which the voice of the West would be heard
loud and clear.
Political action now shifted to the Territories where elected constitutional
convention delegates convened in their respective capitols, the Washington one
at Olympia on July 4. That convention probably had the most distinguished
presiding officer of all four state conventions in the person of John P.
Hoyt, a former governor of Arizona, and a former judge on the territorial
supreme court of Washington and, withal, an ardent advocate of women's suffrage.
Washington's convention was made up of forty-three Republicans and twenty-six
74
Democrats, four labor representatives and two independents.
Here again one
can find embryonic signs of a new political era by the fact that six members
belonged to neither established party.
- 17 -
Of the 75 delegates 22 were lawyers, 17 were farmers, 3 were miners and
34 were "other." 63 of the delegates were American, 46 from the North and
17 from the South, of which Missouri had furnished 10. 12 Washington dele-
75
gates were foreign born.
As had the debates in Washington, D.C., the state convention reflected
the trends of the times. John D. Hicks, the historian of the Omnibus Act,
has written that the nation was so ashamed of its political corruption, of
which the territorial governments had been disgraceful examples, that they
wanted to heed the national cry for reform, and so they seriously considered
government regulation for railroads and other public necessities. They
also wanted better control of the state government by the people, justice
to labor, protection of women and the prevention of child labor. The new
constitutions on a whole, he concluded, revealed distinct progress in the
field of purely social legislation. As is well known, the delegates con-
sidered the direct election of senators, the secret or Australian ballot,
and women's suffrage. Meanwhile the coming issue of free silver hovered
76.
in the wings.
The actual 1889 constitution appears to have been largely
drafted by one person, W. Lair Hill, a former newspaper man who had be-
come a Washington judge, and who used the California constitution as his
77
model.
And although the final document was far from being liberal or
radical, by simply considering the issues that gripped American politics
from 1889 right up through the Progressive period, the convention and
the constitution seemed fitting symbols of the new era. Moreover, because
six states were now writing constitutions -- for Idaho and Wyoming also
chose to hold constitutional conventions that summer -- the public followed
all the proceedings with enormous interest. In short, whether reforms were
adopted or not, reform ideas were discussed and nationally publicized
the statehood constitutional conventions.
Although the constitutionssthat the Washington delegates finally hammered
out was hardly a herald of radical reform, the convention did consider minority
representation, thought about a legislative reference service to assist in the
writing of good laws, and tried to curb the governor, the legislature and the
18 -
courts. It talked about abolishing grand juries, wanted to protect school
78
lands, and hoped to establish some control over railroads.
Along with
the other states, writes Hicks, Washington had "a supreme confidence in
the infallibility of the electorate," and thus wanted to elect everyone.
79
It was proposed, for example, to submit all special laws to popular vote
and any law to popular vote if one-third of the legislature so desired.
Later in the Progressive period if the drive for the initiative, the re-
ferendum and recall is associated with any section of the country, it is
with the Pacific Northwest. Even in 1889 we have evidence of the beginnings
80
of those movements.
While there were ardent advocates of women's suffrage in all six state
conventions and, as Hicks has noted, equally ardent opposition, there was
a particularly deep emotional feeling over this issue as revealed by the
fact that Washington, having allowed women the vote for a few years, had
seen that right struck down by the courts. At the time of the convention,
Seattle had a petition supporting women's suffrage bearing 25,00C names,
81
but it was destroyed in the Seattle fire of that year.
The story of hope and failure in the Washington women's suffrage move-
ment is poignantly encapsulated in the history of the Walla Walla Women's
Club, which has been resurrected by Professor Ault in the Pacific Northwest
82
Quarterly.
Founded in 1886 the club's original purpose was to promote
self-improvement and a mutual exchange of ideas. Its 22 members discussed
such topics as "The Authenticity of Shakespeare," "Are We Anglo-Saxon?"
"China Speaks for Herself,' and "English as She is Taught,' as well as others
on literary topics. But soon the topics had shifted to such subjects as
"Suffrage for Women," and "A Biblical View of Women's Suffrage. " Disagree-
ments over the topics and the club's purpose must have surfaced because in
1889 the old club disbanded and a new one, called "the Equal Suffrage League,"
succeeded it. Guided by the women of the Isaacs family of Walla Walla, it
lobbied to get the constitutional convention to grant women the vote.
83
They were part of a large suffrage movement that had sprung up throughout
the Pacific Northwest and had many leaders, of whom Abigail Scott Duniway
- 19 -
84
was the most prominent but certainly not the only major voice.
According
to Ault it seems likely that the Walla Walla Equal Suffrage League co-
operated with a larger group that held a suffrage convention in Olympia on
July 3, 1889, the very eve of the first meeting of the constitutional con-
85
vention.
Despite the urging of convention president, John Hoyt, and two other
members, a female suffrage clause was not approved by the delegates. The
convention did allow a separate article or clause granting suffrage to be
submitted to the voters, but it was lost by an overwhelming vote of 34,500
86
against to 16,500 for.
It was to be 1910 before the State of Washington
granted women the vote.
Although the outcome of the 1889 suffrage fight was not a happy one, the
seriousness with which it was debated locally and the fact that 22 senators
in Congress approved of women's suffrage suggest that the issue we associate
with Eastern campaigns and the Progressive period was not only alive and
well -- if not victorious -- in Washington, but in some of the other omnibus
states as well, all of whom passed women's suffrage bills before any state
east of the Mississippi did.
As Herman J. Deutsch has noted, the convention also reflected early
Populist feelings in its "deep-seated suspicions of corporate enterprise."
Indeed, by the 1890s that disaffection had given Washington a Populist
87
governor.
In retrospect, the Washington state convention represented a time of
exploring new possibilities rather than enacting many of them. No politician
emerged as the major spokesman for a new order. But at the same time it
exhibited a faith in the electorate that is moderneand progressive in the
most fundamental sense. Once again it appears that the state and the
Pacific Northwest need fuller credit for laying foundations for the major
political reform movements of the early twentieth century. So committed were
they to truly democratic government of the progressive brand that one suspects
the image of the West as being liberal and democratic comes as much from the
constitutions of 1889 and 1890 (South Dakota is an exception) as from the
88
frontier and/or Jacksonian heritage.
- 20 -
In the October election the constitution was ratified, the popular
Elisha Ferry was elected governor, and prohibition and women's suffrage
were defeated. Then in November Harrison signed the proclamation of
89
statehood.
for Washington and the other three omnibus states. Clearly
an old era of maintaining an internal colonial empire was ending, for in
1890, Idaho and Wyoming came into the Union and Utah, having declared it-
self Republican and non-polygamous in 1890, was admitted in 1896. By
1912 Oklahoma, Arizona and New Mexico had also gained admission. Congress
was not to admit any others until 1958 when Alaska and Hawaii were
admitted as states.
In Washington, once the political struggle was over, there seemed
a new emphasis on development. Lord Bryce, the great British commentator
on American political institutions, said that the attitude of the ex-
territories signified absorption in material development.
90
But as Earl
Pomeroy has observed in his The Pacific Slope, "If the people of Washington
Territory prized a railroad more than a state government, that may have
indicated not only that they placed excessive value on material conditions
and speculative profits, but also that they were already one political
community with their fellow Americans, though they were not one economic
91
and physical community.
Meanwhile, despite the 1893 panic and depression, Washington continued
to seem in the forefront. It pursued irrigation projects backed by the
railroads. These efforts created an image of Washington's farmers being
scientific and up-to-date. There was also a change of tone in the ads
for Washington State. After 1890 there was a pride in actual production,
a boasting about how many potatoes, how many hops and how many bushels of wheat were
being harvested. There was a similar pride in the amount of lumber produced,
and, as everyone knows, in Washington all fish stories are true. 92
Some
post statehood brochures speak of a western spirit as opposed to an eastern
one. For example, a 1900 brochure, entitled "Oregon, Washington, Idaho and
Their Resources, published by the Passenger Department of the Oregon::Rail-
road and Navigation Company, stated aggressively that New York and Boston
were ignorant of the West and further, "that many truths were not known
- 21
by "the most accomplished oarsman of a Yale boat-crew, or the most profoundly
,93
erudite captain of a Princeton football team.
Interesting general national images of Washington are to be found in the
descriptions of James, Lord Bryce, writing at the time of statehood, and
Dorothy Johansen, writing sixty years later. Bryce in his 1889 classic,
The American Commonwealth, marveled at the western settlers' superb confidence
in the future. They view their community, he said, not merely as it is but
as it will be twenty, fifty, a hundred years hence, when the seedlings have
94
grown to forest trees.
Thus Washington and the other omnibus states were seen as
as accepting the challenge of the new that was noted earlier as the neglected
side of the Gilded Age's character.
Writing about both Oregon and Washington in 1949, Dorothy Johansen re-
marked that
"
our history is a recapitulation
of the middle way, the historical norm.
if there is such a thing, of our national
history
As a region, we are the most
unsectional, the most national, the most
truly representative Americans. We are a
laboratory in which can be examined the
history of the United States.
95
No historian of any Southern state would, or could write that about his region.
Professor Johansen's comments evoke the "regular guy" image of Washington
in the 1880s, despite the unpleasant fact that anti-Chinese feeling was so
great in the mid 1880s, it resulted in riots serious enough for Cleveland
to intervene. Since the 1880s the state's image has continued to look at-
tractive in the nation's eyes. It was a "Progressive" state in the 1900s,
and in the depressed 1930s, it was believed that "regular" good Americans
migrated to the Pacific Northwest while down and out Okies and Arkies went
96
to California.
As the location of major hydroelectric dams, the aircraft
- 22 -
industry, and nuclear power, Washington continues to seem in the forefront
in national eyes however controversial the production of nuclear power there
may be. 97
Certainly the most fully accepted national hero for Americans is George
Washington. Given its history and the persistently favorable image conveyed
to the rest of the country, perhaps this gem of the omnibus states has been
appropriately named, for it continues to project a national image of being
"regular" American. One is even tempted to say today, as someone must have
at the time of statehood in 1889, "By George, we did it."
STATEHOOD FOR WASHINGTON
Footnotes
1. Charles M. Gates, "A Historical Sketch of the Economic Development of
Washington Since Statehood," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, 39
( July 1948), p. 214.
2. Ibid., p. 214. Frustration over the Northern Pacific's slow arrival and
its unpopular choice of Tacoma over Seattle as its western terminus,
led many citizens to feel that the line was their "archenemy" rather
than their salvation. Dorothy M. Johansen and Charles M. Gates,
Empire of the Columbia: A History of the Pacific Northwest (New York:
Harper & Brothers, 1957) p. 372.
3. Vernon L. Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, 3 vols. (New York:
Harcourt, Brace, 1927, 1930), II, 10.
4. The Oklahoma land run of 1889 is covered in Arrell M. Gibson, Oklahoma:
A History of Five Centuries (Norman: Harlow Publishing Corporation,
1965), pp. 288-294.
An eye-witness account by a New York Herald Tribune reporter, Harry
Hill, is to be found in "Library of Tribune Extras", July 1, 1889
(New York: The Tribune Association, 1889), in Yale University Western
Americana Collection: Hereafter cited in YWA.
5. Arrell M. Gibson, The West in the Life of the Nation (Lexington, Mass. :
D.C. Heath and Company, 1976), p. 512.
6. "Oklahoma", New York Herald Tribune, February 23, 1889, p. 4.
7. Henry George and George W. Julian, quoted in Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land
,
The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1950), pp. 190-91, and 199.
8. H. Wayne Morgan, "Toward National Unity," in his Morgan, ed., The Gilded
Age, Enlarged and Revised Edition (Syracuse: University of Syracuse
Press, 1970), p.:3.
2 -
9. Ibid., p. 2.
10. Robert Falk, "The Writers' Search for Reality," Ibid., pp. 280-281.
11. The Atlanta Constitution, January 12, 1889, p. 1; Homer E. Socolofsky and
Allen B. Spetter, The Presidency of Benjamin Harrison (Lawrence:
University of Kansas Press, 1987), p. 25, state that Harrison's first
choice for Secretary of the Treasury was Senator William B. Allison
of Iowa, but for political reasons chose William Windom of Minnesota.
These were his "western" candidates.
12. Earl S. Pomeroy, "Carpetbaggers in the Territories, 1861-1890," The Historian,
2 (1939), 53-64.
13. These topics are treated at length in Morgan, The Gilded Age, chs. 4, 5, and 8.
14. Ibid., pp. 6-7. A random sampling of four papers for the years 1888-89:
the New York Herald Tribune, the New York Times, the Atlanta Constitution,
and the Chicago Tribune, plus consultation of more local papers such
as the Sioux Falls Argus Leader, support the above statement as to
national and international coverage.
15. Michael McGerr, The Decline of Popular Politics: The American North,
1865-1928 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
16. See Madeleine B. Stern, Louisa May Alcott (Norman: University of Oklahoma
Press, 1950). In 1879 no less an author than Henry James wrote a biography
of Nathaniel Hawthorne; an edition of Hawthorne's Complete Works ap-
peared in 1883. The best biography is Robert Cantwell, Nathaniel Haw-
thorne, The American Years (New York: Rinehart, 1948). In addition to
reading Emerson's own work, two biographies appeared in the 1880s, but
Ralph L. Rusk, The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: C. Scribners'
Sons, 1949), is a standard recent account. Robert R. Roberts, "Popular
Culture and Public Taste," in Morgan, The Gilded Age, p. 276 states
that "more copies of Dickens were sold in the 1880s then in the 1860s
and his influence was strong." See also Ibid., p. 281.
3
17. "In 1878 Chautauqua started a Literary and Scientific Circle that was the
first American book club. The list of contributors to Chautauqua
lecture platforms and book publications was virtually a Who's Who of
the times
Chautauqua helped make rural areas part of the Nation. "
Max J. Herzberg, ed., The Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature
(New York, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962), p. 169. See also Victoria and
Robert Ormond Case, We Called it Culture (New York: Doubleday, 1948),
and Henry P. Harrison, Culture Under Canvas: the Story of Tent Chautauquas
(New York: Hastings House, 1957).
18. Clark C. Spence, Mining Engineers of the American West (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1970).
19 Cynthia Russett, Darwin in America: The Intellectual Response (San Francisco:
W.H. Freeman and Co., 1976); see. also Paul F. Boller, Jr., "The New
Science and American Thought," in Morgan, Gilded Age, pp. 239-244, 257.
20. These are basic themes in Morgan, Gilded Age; C. Vann Woodward, Origins of
the New South, 1877-1913 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,
1951); and Robert H. Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877-1920 (New York:
Hill and Way, 1967).
21. Robert M. Utley, The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890
(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984), pp. 197-201:
22. Wilcomb E. Washburn, The Assault on Indian Tribalism: The General Allotment
Law (Dawes Act) of 1887, America's Alternative Series (Philadelphia:
J.B. Lippincott Company, 1975).
23. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the
Latter-day Saints, 1830-1900 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958),
pp. 360-369, 373-379.
24. Herbert T. Hoover, "The Sioux Agreement of 1889 and its Aftermath," (South
Dakota History, 19 (Spring, 1989), pp. 56-94.
Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American
History," American Historical Association, Annual Report, 1893
(Washington, 1894).
25. In 1886, during the Congressional debates over the admission of the Dakotas
and Washington, Benjamin Harrison urged the Senate to "get rid of this
old and disreputable mating business.
.It grew out of slavery.
Harrison to Senate, 27, Jan. 1886, in Dakota, Her Claims to Admission
As a State, p. 9. YWA Pamphlet.
26. United States concerns in the Pacific are discussed in Earl S. Pomeroy,
Pacific Outpost: American Strategy in Guam and Micronesia (Stanford:
Stanford University Press, 1951). See also analyses of the roles of
both James G. Blaine and Benjamin Harrison in articulating and for-
warding United States overseas expansion in the 1880s and 1890s in
Socolofsky and Spelter, The Presidency of Benjamin Harrison, pp. 109-123.
27. John E. Miller, "The Way They Saw Us: Dakota Territory in the Illustrated
News," South Dakota History, 18 (Winter, 1988), 214-244.
28. Ibid., and Howard R. Lamar, "Public Values and Private Dreams: South Dakota's
Search for Identity, 1850-1900," South Dakota History, 8 (Spring, 1978),
140-141.
29. Gibson, West in the Life of the Nation, p. 509, asserts Congress was "com-
pletely unresponsive to the [earlier] statehood appeals from Montana
Territory. Doubts about Montana's readiness were voiced by the New
York Herald Tribune, November 11, 1889, and the New York Times,
November 11, 13, and 16, 1889, when they castigated Harrison for ad-
mitting the state without cleaning up political corruption there.
30. Idaho, with a population of only 90,000 in 1890 and Wyoming, with only 63,000
that year, were seen as getting in because of the popularity of the
statehood idea rather than because of readiness. Gibson, The West in
the Life of the Nation, p. 505.
31. In an editorial the Times declared that "New Mexico is utterly unfit for
Statehood, and is likely to remain SO for some time." New York Times,
February 21, 1889, p. 4. Other remarks were even harsher: "It was
the unAmerican Greaser Territory," opined the Chicago Tribune,
January 23, 1889.
- 5 -
32. Washington the Evergreen State and Seattle its Metropolis, (Seattle:
Crawford and Conover, Real Estate and Financial Brokers, 1890), p. 52.
Brochure in YWA.
33. The Washington Immigration Board was run by Mrs. A.H.H. Stuart. See for
example: Historical and Descriptive Reviews of the Industries of
Seattle, Washington Territory, 1887 (Seattle, W.T. 1887); Oregon
Immigration Board, The New Empire: Oregon, Washington, Idaho (Portland,
1888); The Resources and Attractions of Washington for the Home Seeker,
Capitalist, and Tourist, with the compliments of the Passenger Depart-
ment [Union Pacific Railroad] (St. Louis, 1883). All brochures in YWA.
34. Masterly Address of Henry B. Clifford on the Resources and Future of the
State of Washington. Delivered at the Boston Music Hall, January 14, 189'
(Boston: Northern Syndicate for New England, 1890), p. 6. Copy in YWA..
35. Ibid., pp. 6-7.
36. W.H. Ruffner, A Report on Washington Territory (New York: Seattle, Lake
Shores and Eastern Railway, 1889), pp. 172-174.
37. Oregon Immigration Board, The New Empire p. 5.
38. Ibid., p. 28.
39. E.S. Meany, History of the State of Washington (New York: The MacMillan Co.,
1909), pp. 266-269; Johansen and Gates, Empire of the Columbia, pp. 404-406;
Paul L. Beckett, From Wilderness to Enabling Act: The Evolution of a
State of Washington (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1968,
ch. 3.
40. Keith A. Murray, "The Movement for Statehood in Washington," Pacific North-
west Quarterly, 32 (October, 1941), p. 381; also John D. Hicks, "The
Constitution of the Northwest States," University Studies, Vol. 23,
January-April, 1923 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1923), pp. 16-17.
41. Speech of Hon. J.T. Morgan of Alabama in the Senate of the United States,
April 1, 1886 (Washington, 1886) p. 5. Pamphlet in YWA.
42. Ibid., p. 7.
43. Ibid., p. 11
- 6 -
44. Ibid., pp. 11-14.
45. Ibid., p. 14.
46. Historical and Descriptive Reviews of the Industries of Seattle, p. 44.
47. Clifford, Masterly Address, p. 8.
48. Both Blaine and Harrison's roles as imperial expansionists are discussed
in Sociology and Spelter, Presidency of Benjamin Harrison, pp. 109-123
and 125-156.
49. John Tyler Morgan, DAB, 7, 181.
50. Speech of J.T. Morgan, p. 9.
51. Howard R. Lamar, Dakota Territory: 1861-1889: A Study of Frontier
Politics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1956), pp. 256-59, 262, 264.
52. For example, Arthur C. Mellette of Indiana, and a friend of Harrison's for
many years, had gone to Dakota Territory as a federal land officer in
the 1870s. He was active in the statehood movement, was appointed the
last territorial governor by Harrison, and then was elected the first
governor of South Dakota. David B. Miller, "Dakota Images," South
Dakota History, 19 (Spring, 1989), 133.
53. New York Herald Tribune, January 21, 1889, p. 1.
54. Ibid., January 19, 1889.
55. Chicago Tribune, January 21, 1889, p. 4.
56. Ibid., January 19, 1889.
57. Ibid., January 19, 1889.
58. J.R. Toole was quoted in the Chicago Tribune, January 16, 1889, p. 2, as
well as in other papers.
59. Atlanta Constitution, January 17, 1889.
60. Ibid., January 28, 31 and February 4, 1889.
- 7 -
61. David Lindsay, "Sunset" Cox: Irrepressible Democrat (Detroit: Wayne State
University Press, 1959), pp. 252-254.
62. Cox's and Baker's activities are covered in detail in The History of the
Pacific Northwest, Oregon and Washington (North Pacific History Company,
1889), II, Chapter 59, pp. 56-59. The chapter appears to have been
written by Elwood Evans.
63. Cox also provided his own account in a Fourth of July, 1889 address, ex-
cerpts of which are published in Ibid., II, 57-59.
64. Cox quoted in Chicago Tribune, January 16, 1889, p. 1.
65. New York Herald Tribune, February 15, 1889, p. 3.
66. "The Omnibus Bill Passed," New York Herald Tribune, February 21, 1889.
67. Ibid., February 21, 1889.
68. Atlanta Constitution, February 23, 1889, p. 1.
69. Ibid., February 21, 1889.
70. New York Herald Tribune, February 23, 1889, p. 6.
71. Ibid., February 23, 1889, p. 6; also Hicks, "Constitution of the Northwest
States," p. 23 ff.
72. New York Herald Tribune, February 24, 1889, p. 6.
73. San Francisco Bulletin, July 3, 1889, p. 2, as quoted in Hicks, "Constitution
of the Northwest States," p. 149.
74. Hicks, "Constitution of the Northwest States," p. 29.
75. Ibid., pp. 27n, 28, 30 and 30n; Meany, History of the State of Washington,
p. 280 ff.
76. Hicks, "Constitution of the Northwest States," pp. 31, 117, 137.
77. Ibid., p. 32.
78. Ibid., p. 100.
79. Ibid., p. 134.
- 8
80. Ibid., p. 80; also Herman J. Deutsch, "A Prospectus for the Study of
Government of the Pacific Northwest States in Their Regional Setting,"
Pacific Northwest Quarterly, 42 (October, 1951) 295-299.
81. Hicks, "Constitution of the Northwest States,' p. 136.
82. Nelson A. Ault, "The Earnest Ladies: The Walla Walla Women's Club and
the Equal Suffrage League of 1886-1889," Pacific Northwest Quarterly,
42 (April, 1951), 123-137.
83. Ibid., pp. 125-127.
84. Ruth Barnes Moynihan, Rebel for Rights: Abigail Scott Duniway (New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1983), pp. 182-184, 214, details the early
suffrage fights in Washington and lists its leaders.
85. Ault, "The Earnest Ladies," pp. 132-134.
86. Ibid., pp. 135-137.
87. Deutsch, "A Prospective," pp. 283-84.
88. Both Deutsch and Hicks suggest that the origins of liberal, socially pro-
gressive thinking could be found in the 1889 conventions.
89. Meany, History of Washington, p. 287.
90. James Bryce as quoted in Earl S. Pomeroy, The Pacific Slope: A History of
California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah and Nevada (Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1905), p. 70.
91. Ibid., p. 71. But note also George A. Frykman's observation: "The
completion of the transcontinental railroads by 1890 marked a
{
transition in the development of the Pacific Northwest more clearly
than did the passage of the Omnibus Bill." "Regionalism, Nationalism,"
Pacific Northwest Quarterly, 43 (October, 1952), 257.
92. Resources and Attractions of Washington for the Home Seekers, Capitalist
and Tourist, and "Where Rolls the Oregon," The Columbia River Empire,
by P. Donan (Portland: Passenger Department of the Oregon Railroad
and Navigation Co., 1900), pp. 49-58. Brochures in YWA.
93. Ibid., p. 5.
- 9 -
94. James Bryce, The American Commonwealth, 2 vols. (New York: The Macmillan
Company, 1893), II, 837.
95. Johansen is quoted in Frykman, "Regionalism, Nationalism, Localism: The
Pacific Northwest in American History," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, 253.
96. Much of this is hearsay. Donald Worster: Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains
in the 1930s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 50, notes
that "The Pacific Northwest gained 460,000 migrants during the thirties;
25 percent came from the northern plains along the 'Lincoln Highway,'
and 14 percent from the southern plains."
Richard Lowitt, The New Deal and the West (Bloomington: Indiana Uni-
versity Press, 1984), p. 255, fn. 7, provides more information but
mostly on immigration to Oregon.
97. A good summary of contemporary issues and Washington's image may be found
in Carlos Schwantes, Katherine Morrissey, David Nicandri and Susan
Strasser, Washington: Image of a State's Heritage (Spokane, Wa:
Melior Publications, 1988), pp. 126-188.