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State of the Union 1/31/90 [OA 8310] [6]
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State of the Union 1/31/90 [OA 8310] [6]
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State of the Union 1/31/90 [OA 8310] [6]
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26
19
6
2
Los Angeles Times
12/21/89
LEO JARZOMB
Ikemefuna Udeze, 9, forecasts a world where diseases will be cured and he will be a mayor or a governor or the President.
9 for the '90s
Be They 9 or 89, Individuals Harbor
Strong Ideas About What the Future Holds
Steve Lerner, 19, sees decline then
W
ill the next decade bring urban
whether professional accomplishments
rebirth for a U.S. closely tied to Japan.
strife, economic decline and
can be matched with personal fulfill-
environmental catastrophes?
ment.
Or will it produce peace, prosperity and
49-year-old Carmen Perez forecasts
big advances in diverse areas such as
ripe political times for Latinos,
science and technology and ordinary
... 59-year-old Rosalind Wyman wor
Americans' personal lives?
ries about society's unresolved problems
Any attempt at prescience, of course,
in education and the environment.
demands scrutiny, for every forecast
69-year-ol Stanley Sheinbaum of
reflects matters of experience, expertise,
fers a dark, comic vision of the price of
perspective and time.
what he calls present political cowardice,
In fact, there are generations of differ-
79-year-old Artie Shaw takes an
ences in how some Californians of vary-
upbeat swing at the future, despite his
ing ages-not necessarily forecasting
accounting for some downbeat concerns.
professionals, many of whom already
89-year-old Kourken Alexander
Bridgette Burton, 29, is working on an
have provided plenty of reasons for us to
forecasts breakthroughs in space travel
MBA; she foresees war in the cities.
be chary of them-predict the 1990s will
and personal health care.
shape up:
9-year-old Ikemefuna Udeze sees a
grander, more hopeful world with the
Alive With Hope
promise of cures of deadly disease and
Ikemefuna Udeze shines with young
lessened crime and drug use.
faith, fresh idealism and a sense of
19-year+old Steve Lerner envisions
personal opportunity that is very much
the decline of America as an internation-
the heritage of America. He certainly is
al economic power.
its future.
29-year-old Bridgette Burton proj-
Ikemefuna ("Call me KK because
ects dangerous rifts between the haves
nobody in school can pronounce my
Photocopy-Preservation
and have-nots, although she has big
name") is from a large family and son
dreams for her own South-Central Los
of parents who came to Los Angeles
Angeles family.
from Nigeria to live better and achieve
Steve Grant, 39, seeks balance in his
39-year-old Steve Grant wonders
Please see THE '90s, E24
life and believes many share this goal.
Kourken Alexander, 89, is thinking positively. Artle Shaw,
predicts power shifts. Rosalind Wyman 50
79, doubts that we will see 2001. Stanley
E24
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1989
LOS ANGELES TIMES
THE '90s
are talking to, and that will stop a
lot of crank and threatening calls.
"There will be the big earth-
Continued from E1
quake 80 we might be repairing our
more.
city 10 years from now. If it hasn't
Carol Udeze, his mother, is a
occurred, we should be fully pre-
nutritionist with Kaiser Perma-
pared for it by then.
nente. Clement Udeze, his father, is
"Airplanes will be traveling far-
an assistant professor at Cal State
ther, faster and safer. I think
Dominguez Hills.
people will be on Jupiter by the
And at 9, their poised youngster
year 2000. Terrorism will end as
is quite clear about his path
soon as people open up to each
other.
through the next decade.
"When I'm 19, I'm going to be in
"Then there's this thing called
college," he says. "If you get a good
the Ku Klux Klan.
education, you know what you're
"But it can't work if we realize
LEO LARZOMB
doing and how to plan your life. If
that we are all the same
that
you drop out, you won't be ready
blacks, Hispanics, Asians and
'Then there's this thing
forjanything."
whites are all human beings. I don't
KK, a fourth-grader at 3rd
called the Ku Klux Klan.
mind [other races]. I accept them
Street Elementary School in Los
But it can't work if we
for who they are, not what they
Angeles, doesn't know if he will
are."
become a teacher or a lawyer.
realize that we are all the
KK isn't, however, all smolder-
But he is certain where either
same.'
ing humanitarianism and gifted-
career must take him.
student grades. He likes Nintendo
He wants to be a governor or a
IKEMEFUNA UDEZE, 9
games, designer sweat shirts over
mayor.
polo shirts and writing good-
Qr President of the United
knight-evil-knight fairy. tales on a
States.
more police officers and heavier
classroom Apple computer. His he-
The country could do worse than
court penalties.
roes are his parents, Bill Cosby and
follow the platform of social reform
Smoking and drinking will dwin-
Benjamin Franklin in precisely
and technological progress repre-
dle to a minimum with broader
that order.
sented by KK's vision of events of
public acceptance of their health
KK is boy enough to have busted
the decade ahead.
dangers. More government and
his chin in a fall, but courtly
The 1990s, he says, should see a
private money spent on research,
enough to mention that his sisters
reduction in gang violence ("I
KK says, will produce new medi-
are Ifeyinwa, Ije-Enu and Omelo-
think it is stupid that young people
cines "to cure diseases like AIDS
go, and his brother is Arinze, and
are- killing young people") and
and cancer
so people won't be
that their names should be includ-
drug abuse ("When you take
dying right and left."
ed in any story involving him and
drugs, you make all kinds of other
"In the year 2000, we will have
the family Udeze.
dumb decisions") by the hiring of
telephones where you see who you
Please see THE '90s, E25
LOS ANGELES TIMES
THE '90s
it failed. No one in particular is to
blame. It's just that we need to be
replaced by somebody who's more
Continued from E24
efficient and capable of running a
society in today's world of scarce
KK also likes baseball and bas-
resources."
ketball. His final projection for the
Not that the Japanese are per-
next decade: The Lakers will con-
fect. Lerner isn't happy that many
tinue to monopolize the NBA
Japanese "drink excessively on a
championships,
nightly basis." And he points out
that the Japanese will gain much
-PAUL DEAN
from the United States, particular-
ly in the realm of leisure: "They're
A Darker Outlook
going to learn how to build leisure
parks, water slide parks. They may
He's 19. He spends his summers
MICHAEL YBARRA / Los Angeles Times
even learn how to play football.
studying economics in Japan. And
Employees at Japanese corpora-
he's convinced the '90s will bring
tions are demanding more leisure."
the "rapid decline of the U.S.
'We should plan to sell
Now for the good news. Lerner
economy" and the sale of much
is convinced turning over more of
more of the country to the Japa-
what's left of this country
the country to the Japanese will
nese, Western Europe or whatever
to the Japanese, or
eventually lead to better conditions
part of the world can afford it.
for Americans.
Photocopy-Preservation
And, get this.: Steve Lerner, a
Western Europe,
The Japanese "can live with 20
UC Santa Cruz sophomore from
whoever.'
million people in one city [Tokyo]
Long Beach, thinks the United
and have almost no incidences of
States will eventually wind up
STEVE LERNER, 19
domestic violence or rape," he
profiting from all this.
points out. "In business, they value
But first the downside.
their employees, most-above ev-
"Our debtors are going to call for
cause our current government is
erything except the customer.
their money, and we're not in-
incapable of running our economy,
Here, management cares only
creasing any kind of income for our
somebody else will have to.-
about short-term profits. We have
government and industry," says
whichever governments or indus-
terrible health care, terrible insur-
Lerner, an economics major with a
tries are most capable will have to
ance policies, not enough education
minor in Japanese studies. "Despite
do it. If our government were a
scholarships and inadequate ma-
the increases in téchnology, cur-
business, it would be bankrupt."
ternal leave. We treat our employ-
rently our factory workers are
In Lerner's view, there's no need
ees like pack animals, but that
becoming less and less skilled.
to assess blame for any of this:
attitude is going to end our eco-
We should plan to sell what's left
"Sixty percent of businesses fail
nomic power in the world, As a
of this country to the Japanese, or
when they first start out," he
result, business will have to be-
Western Europe, whoever. Be-
explains. "Our country is new, and
Please see THE '90s, E26
1913
APRIL 8, 1913
269
1 and said "boys, any boy in
retary of State would pass away and that friendly relations would
he feels he has a grievance,
be resumed. Mr. Bryan's spirit about the matter all along has been
) me and state his grievance
most excellent and he has gone on his way ever since the Balti-
my supervision or somebody
more Convention without any criticism or even feeling any criti-
the Queensbury Rules." The
cism against the Speaker who seems to be harboring resentment
ng in that school from that
towards Mr. Bryan and holding him responsible for his defeat
perhaps the other countries
for the nomination at Baltimore. This is the only cloud that is as
pon that, the President said
big as a man's hand on the political horizon in the Democratic
heir trumps to give a reason
Administration, but it will pass away.
e suggestion was made by
Secretary Redfield stated he had some engagements which
United States ought to offer
make it impracticable for him to be at the Capitol. All the other
g to the purpose of securing
Members of the Cabinet stated arrangements had been made to
d to the building of costly
go, so when the President entered, in a dignified way, to read his
In other words, a conference
message, Members of the Cabinet were in the House Chamber
ght this country should take
scattered, some in the galleries, others on the floor, as citizens.
e. I agreed heartily to this,
It was an historical occasion with all the setting suited for the
ld be along the line of Mr.
memorable message which the President was about to read. He
t the nations to agree never
was in fine form, and there was one spontaneous applause in his
the matters in dispute, the
few opening sentences, and he read the message with a clearness
ve would be able to secure
and distinctness to all parts of the chamber. When he finished,
he quietly withdrew amid applause. The precedent of a century
inet, the President left the
had been shattered. Nobody was hurt and Congress heard the
) Congress, thus breaking a
message that sounds the key-note of the government's fiscal
no President had read his
policy-a key-note not burdened with a detail, but clear, ringing
rison asked the President
and direct. It was not only heard by members of Congress, but
company him. His answer
the diplomatic gallery was crowded and an audience representa-
ared in their speeches the
tive of men political and governmental with such dignity as had
iving an old custom in the
never assembled in the House of Representatives.
and was restoring federal-
ingly said "the whole idea
T MS (J. Daniels Papers, DLC).
1 Edward Thomas Williams.
in evolution of the address
2 The United States extended recognition on May 2, 1913.
federalistic about it was
3 Robert Bingham, headmaster of the Bingham School, at that time located in
Mebaneville, N. C. See WW to ELA, June 29, 1884, n. 4. Vol. 3.
he thought it would be bet-
4 Among them, John Sharp Williams, who said: "I for one very much regret
the President's course. I am sorry to see revived the old Federalistic custom
as possible without being
of speeches from the throne.
The practice instituted by Jefferson was more
aving it for each Cabinet
American than the old pomposities and cavalcadings between the White House
t his office or go without
and the Capitol. I regret all this cheap and tawdry imitation of English
royalty." New York Times, April 8, 1913.
d not go and that his wife
friction and the more [or]
An Address on Tariff Reform to a Joint Session
the Secretary and inas-
of Congress
cer to welcome the Presi-
[April 8, 1913]
r on all lines for him not
Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Congress:
y tactful way, voiced the
I am very glad indeed to have this opportunity to address the
d to have against the Sec-
two Houses directly and to verify for myself the impression that
270
APRIL 8, 1913
the President of the United States is a person, not a mere depart.
ment of the Government hailing Congress from some isolated
island of jealous power, sending messages, not speaking natural-
ly and with his own voice-that he is a human being trying to CO-
operate with other human beings in a common service. After this
pleasant experience I shall feel quite normal in all our dealings
with one another.
I have called the Congress together in extraordinary session
because a duty was laid upon the party now in power at the recent
elections which it ought to perform promptly, in order that the
burden carried by the people under existing law may be lightened
as soon as possible and in order, also, that the business interests
of the country may not be kept too long in suspense as to what the
fiscal changes are to be to which they will be required to adjust
themselves. It is clear to the whole country that the tariff duties
must be altered. They must be changed to meet the radical altera-
tion in the conditions of our economic life which the country
has witnessed within the last generation. While the whole face
and method of our industrial and commercial life were being
changed beyond recognition the tariff schedules have remained
what they were before the change began, or have moved in the
direction they were given when no large circumstance of our
industrial development was what it is to-day. Our task is to square
them with the actual facts. The sooner that is done the sooner we
shall escape from suffering from the facts and the sooner our men
of business will be free to thrive by the law of nature (the nature
of free business) instead of by the law of legislation and artificial
arrangement.
We have seen tariff legislation wander very far afield in our
day-very far indeed from the field in which our prosperity might
have had a normal growth and stimulation. No one who looks the
facts squarely in the face or knows anything that lies beneath
the surface of action can fail to perceive the principles upon
which recent tariff legislation has been based. We long ago passed
beyond the modest notion of "protecting" the industries of the
country and moved boldly forward to the idea that they were
entitled to the direct patronage of the Government. For a long
time-a time so long that the men now active in public policy
hardly remember the conditions that preceded it-we have sought
in our tariff schedules to give each group of manufacturers or
producers what they themselves thought that they needed in order
to maintain a practically exclusive market as against the rest of
the world. Consciously or unconsciously, we have built up a set
of privileges and exemptions from competition behind which it
13
APRIL 8, 1913
271
person, not a mere depart-
was easy by any, even the crudest, forms of combination to organ-
igress from some isolated
ize monopoly; until at last nothing is normal, nothing is obliged
ages, not speaking natural-
to stand the tests of efficiency and economy, in our world of big
human being trying to CO-
business, but everything thrives by concerted arrangement. Only
common service. After this
new principles of action will save us from a final hard crystalliza-
normal in all our dealings
tion of monopoly and a complete loss of the influences that
quicken enterprise and keep independent energy alive.
r in extraordinary session
It is plain what those principles must be. We must abolish
now in power at the recent
everything that bears even the semblance of privilege or of any
romptly, in order that the
kind of artificial advantage, and put our business men and
sting law may be lightened
producers under the stimulation of a constant necessity to be
that the business interests
efficient, economical, and enterprising, masters of competitive
in suspense as to what the
supremacy, better workers and merchants than any in the world.
will be required to adjust
Aside from the duties laid upon articles which we do not, and
intry that the tariff duties
probably can not, produce, therefore, and the duties laid upon
I to meet the radical altera-
luxuries and merely for the sake of the revenues they yield,
ic life which the country
the object of the tariff duties henceforth laid must be effective
on. While the whole face
competition, the whetting of American wits by contest with the
mmercial life were being
wits of the rest of the world.
schedules have remained
It would be unwise to move toward this end headlong, with
an, or have moved in the
reckless haste, or with strokes that cut at the very roots of what
arge circumstance of our
has grown up amongst us by long process and at our own invita-
-day. Our task is to square
tion. It does not alter a thing to upset it and break it and deprive
that is done the sooner we
it of a chance to change. It destroys it. We must make changes
ets and the sooner our men
in our fiscal laws, in our fiscal system, whose object is develop-
law of nature (the nature
ment, a more free and wholesome development, not revolution or
of legislation and artificial
upset or confusion. We must build up trade, especially foreign
trade. We need the outlet and the enlarged field of energy more
der very far afield in our
than we ever did before. We must build up industry as well, and
hich our prosperity might
must adopt freedom in the place of artificial stimulation only so
ion. No one who looks the
far as it will build, not pull down. In dealing with the tariff the
nything that lies beneath
method by which this may be done will be a matter of judgment,
ceive the principles upon
exercised item by item. To some not accustomed to the excite-
based. We long ago passed
ments and responsibilities of greater freedom our methods may
ng" the industries of the
in some respects and at some points seem heroic, but remedies
the idea that they were
may be heroic and yet be remedies. It is our business to make sure
Government. For a long
that they are genuine remedies. Our object is clear. If our motive
W active in public policy
is above just challenge and only an occasional error of judgment
eceded it-we have sought
is chargeable against us, we shall be fortunate.
oup of manufacturers or
We are called, upon to render the country a great service in
t that they needed in order
more matters than one. Our responsibility should be met and our
:ket as against the rest of
methods should be thorough, as thorough as moderate and well
y, we have built up a set
considered, based upon the facts as they are, and not worked
npetition behind which it
out as if we were beginners. We are to deal with the facts of our
272
APRIL 8, 1913
own day, with the facts of no other, and to make laws which square
with those facts. It is best, indeed it is necessary, to begin with the
tariff. I will urge nothing upon you now at the opening of your
session which can obscure that first object or divert our energies
from that clearly defined duty. At a later time I may take the
liberty of calling your attention to reforms which should press
close upon the heels of the tariff changes, if not accompany them,
of which the chief is the reform of our banking and currency
laws; but just now I refrain. For the present, I put these matters
on one side and think only of this one thing-of the changes in
our fiscal system which may best serve to open once more the
free channels of prosperity to a great people whom we would
serve to the utmost and throughout both rank and file.
I thank you for your courtesy.1
Printed in Address of the President of the United States.
April 8, 1913 (Wash-
ington, 1913).
1 There is a WWsh outline of this address, with the composition date of
March 26, 1913; a WWsh draft of the address, with the composition date of
March 26, 1913; a typed draft, with WWhw emendations, dated April 7, 1913;
a WWsh draft of the first paragraph; and typed and printed reading copies in
WP, DLC.
To Jacob Harry Hollander
My dear Dr. Hollander:
[The White House] April 8, 1913.
Thank you sincerely for the memorandum on Dominican af-
fairs which you were good enough to send me, and which I am
glad to have. I was much interested in reading it.
Sincerely yours, Woodrow Wilson
TLS (Letterpress Books, WP, DLC).
To William Jennings Bryan
My dear Mr. Secretary:
[The White House] April 8, I913.
I enclose a very interesting memorandum prepared by Dr.
Hollander of Johns Hopkins in regard to the Dominican prob-
lem.¹
Sincerely yours, Woodrow Wilson
TLS (Letterpress Books, WP, DLC).
1 The memorandum (SDR, RG 59, 839.51/1000, DNA) was a review of the
Roosevelt-Taft policy toward the Dominican Republic. It stressed the beneficial
effects of the United States customs receivership, I905-I907, and of the American-
Dominican Convention of I907, which, Hollander said, had helped to restore
financial and political stability to the country. He severely criticized Taft's
recognition of revolutionaries who had won power in I9II and 1912, because
such recognition countenanced political violence and encouraged the idea that
"if a patriot be dissatisfied with the constitutional government, he may take to
the brush and eventually secure honor and emolument for his 'revolution.' Hol-
lander concluded by warning that the United States now faced a critical situation
in Dominican politics and finance.
THE WASHINGTON POST
1 AM LOOKING FOR COMMON GROUND
For the Record
- Bush on china
From an article by Misha Glenn
Central Europe correspondent for ti
British Broadcasting Corp., in Th
Listener magazine (Nov. 30):
Many factors have contributed to th
change in Czechoslovakia. The rise
power of Mikhail Gorbachev was
course a pre-condition. The tireless an
often thankless work of Czechoslovakia'
dissident community has played an enor
mous part.
But according to Jirin:
Siklova, a founder signatory of Charte:
77, 21 August 1988, the 20th anniversa
ry of the invasion, opened the last chap-
to Beijing
ter of Stalinism in Czechoslovakia. "None
it promis-
of us, opposition or officials, believed that
10,000 young people would demonstrate
ing. The
on that day. And when Naegele broad-
ninese to
cast his piece that night on Voice of
prolifer-
America people throughout the republic
t on the
realized that something fundamental had
which is
changed."
ged their
For the past four years, the impact of
if not at
MASSACRE
Jolyon Naegele, the VOA's Eastern En-
lationship
rope correspondent, on Czechoslovak
VICTIMS
politics has been greater than most jour-
ng wrong
nalists can dream of in a lifetime.
e implica-
Naegele has communicated the ironic nu-
d to stop
ances of Czechoslovak reality to people
n the part
inside the country more effectively than
brevent it
anyone else before him.
this have
Naegele's success was due partly to
een dealt
DISSIDENTS
one of the cardinal sins committed by
iplomatic
[Gustav] Husak and [Milos] Jakes. While
onducted
publicly embracing glasnost, they insisted
via our
on feeding one of Europe's most educat-
ed populations with huge doses of indi-
e United
FREEDOM
gestible verbal hogwash. It was this
efront of
which ensured that the overwhelming
majority of the population listened regu-
ously, it
larly to the VOA, the BBC and Radio
OW much
Free Europe. The role of these radio sta-
ondemns
©1989
tions will now change as the Czechoslo-
nces and
vak journalists rediscover the heritage of
ons with
Capek, Peroutka and Vaculik.
imposed
secuting
eedom.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
1916
DECEMBER 5, 1916
155
e strictest confidence, and
An Annual Message
) nothing that would in any
out knowing the conditions
[Dec. 5, 1916]
not to say despondent many
Gentlemen of the Congress: In fulfilling at this time the duty
to them and to you also to
laid upon me by the Constitution of communicating to you from
time to time information of the state of the Union and recom-
hes for your good health.
mending to your consideration such legislative measures as may
truly, R. R. Moton
be judged necessary and expedient I shall continue the practice,
which I hope has been acceptable to you, of leaving to the reports
that lynching was a prime factor
of the several heads of the executive departments the elaboration
le South to the North and East:
of the detailed needs of the public service and confine myself to
e of the prices Georgia is paying
often charged only with ordinary
those matters of more general public policy with which it seems
has been the outgrowth of mob
connection with which many have
necessary and feasible to deal at the present session of the Con-
y has fed upon itself and grown
gress.
y a social and moral, but a serious
I realize the limitations of time under which you will neces-
back to a basis of law and order."
nta Constitution, Dec. 2, 1916, of
sarily act at this session and shall make my suggestions as few
s." It argued that the education
acks.
as possible; but there were some things left undone at the last
session which there will now be time to complete and which it
seems necessary in the interest of the public to do at once.
ick Tumulty
In the first place, it seems to me imperatively necessary that
the earliest possible consideration and action should be accorded
hington December 4, 1916.
the remaining measures of the programme of settlement and
asking to obtain an appoint-
regulation which I had occasion to recommend to you at the close
', the 11th, or Tuesday, the
of your last session in view of the public dangers disclosed by the
sas City, Mr. John P. White,
unaccommodated difficulties which then existed; and which still
3, and "Mother" Jones. They
unhappily continue to exist, between the railroads of the country
sident some matters in con-
and their locomotive engineers, conductors, and trainmen.
labor people now in prison.
I then recommended:
Secretary Wilson, as I may
First, immediate provision for the enlargement and administra-
tive reorganization of the Interstate Commerce Commission
J B Densmore
along the lines embodied in the bill recently passed by the House
of Representatives and now awaiting action by the Senate; in
order that the Commission may be enabled to deal with the many
great and various duties now devolving upon it with a promptness
and thoroughness which are, with its present constitution and
means of action, practically impossible.
Second, the establishment of an eight-hour day as the legal
White House, Dec. 5, 1916]
basis alike of work and of wages in the employment of all rail-
en at 2:15 on Monday, the
way employees who are actually engaged in the work of operat-
The President.
ing trains in interstate transportation.
Third, the authorization of the appointment by the President
her" Jones in the Oval Office on
of a small body of men to observe the actual results in experience
of the adoption of the eight-hour day in railway transportation
alike for the men and for the railroads.
156
ANNUAL MESSAGE TO CONGRESS
Fourth, explicit approval by the Congress of the considera-
tion by the Interstate Commerce Commission of an increase of
freight rates to meet such additional expenditures by the rail-
roads as may have been rendered necessary by the adoption of
the eight-hour day and which have not been offset by administra-
tive readjustments and economies, should the facts disclosed
justify the increase.
Fifth, an amendment of the existing federal statute which pro-
vides for the mediation, conciliation, and arbitration of such con-
troversies as the present by adding to it a provision that, in case
the methods of accommodation now provided for should fail, a
full public investigation of the merits of every such dispute shall
be instituted and completed before a strike or lockout may law-
fully be attempted.
And, sixth, the lodgement in the hands of the Executive of the
power, in case of military necessity, to take control of such por-
tions and such rolling stock of the railways of the country as may
be required for military use and to operate them for military pur-
poses, with authority to draft into the military service of the
United States such train crews and administrative officials as the
circumstances require for their safe and efficient use.
The second and third of these recommendations the Congress
immediately acted on: it established the eight-hour day as the
legal basis of work and wages in train service and it authorized
the appointment of a commission to observe and report upon the
practical results, deeming these the measures most immediately
needed; but it postponed action upon the other suggestions until
an opportunity should be offered for a more deliberate considera-
tion of them. The fourth recommendation I do not deem it neces-
sary to renew. The power of the Interstate Commerce Commission
to grant an increase of rates on the ground referred to is indis-
putably clear and a recommendation by the Congress with regard
to such a matter might seem to draw in question the scope of the
Commission's authority or its inclination to do justice when there
is no reason to doubt either.
The other suggestions,-the increase in the Interstate Com-
merce Commission's membership and in its facilities for perform-
ing its manifold duties, the provision for full public investiga-
tion and assessment of industrial disputes, and the grant to the
Executive of the power to control and operate the railways when
necessary in time of war or other like public necessity,-I now
very earnestly renew.
The necessity for such legislation is manifest and pressing.
Those who have entrusted us with the responsibility and duty of
TO CONGRESS
DECEMBER 5, 1916
157
Congress of the considera-
serving and safeguarding them in such matters would find it
ommission of an increase of
hard, I believe, to excuse a failure to act upon these grave mat-
al expenditures by the rail-
ters or any unnecessary postponement of action upon them.
necessary by the adoption of
Not only does the Interstate Commerce Commission now find
ot been offset by administra-
it practically impossible, with its present membership and organ-
should the facts disclosed
ization, to perform its great functions promptly and thoroughly
but it is not unlikely that it may presently be found advisable to
ng federal statute which pro-
add to its duties still others equally heavy and exacting. It must
and arbitration of such con-
first be perfected as an administrative instrument.
:o it a provision that, in case
The country cannot and should not consent to remain any
V provided for should fail, a
longer exposed to profound industrial disturbances for lack of
S of every such dispute shall
additional means of arbitration and conciliation which the Con-
a strike or lockout may law-
gress can easily and promptly supply. And all will agree that there
must be no doubt as to the power of the Executive to make im-
ands of the Executive of the
mediate and uninterrupted use of the railroads for the concen-
to take control of such por-
tration of the military forces of the nation wherever they are
ilways of the country as may
needed and whenever they are needed.
perate them for military pur-
This is a programme of regulation, prevention, and administra-
the military service of the
tive efficiency which argues its own case in the mere statement
dministrative officials as the
of it. With regard to one of its items, the increase in the efficiency
and efficient use.
of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the House of Repre-
ommendations the Congress
sentatives has already acted; its action needs only the concur-
d the eight-hour day as the
rence of the Senate.
in service and it authorized
I would hesitate to recommend, and I dare say the Congress
observe and report upon the
would hesitate to act upon the suggestion should I make it, that
measures most immediately
any man in any occupation should be obliged by law to continue
1 the other suggestions until
in an employment which he desired to leave. To pass a law which
a more deliberate considera-
forbade or prevented the individual workman to leave his work
ation I do not deem it neces-
before receiving the approval of society in doing so would be
state Commerce Commission
to adopt a new principle into our jurisprudence which I take it
ground referred to is indis-
for granted we are not prepared to introduce. But the proposal
by the Congress with regard
that the operation of the railways of the country shall not be
in question the scope of the
stopped or interrupted by the concerted action of organized
tion to do justice when there
bodies of men until a public investigation shall have been insti-
tuted which shall make the whole question at issue plain for the
ase in the Interstate Com-
judgment of the opinion of the nation is not to propose any such
I in its facilities for perform-
principle. It is based upon the very different principle that the
n for full public investiga-
concerted action of powerful bodies of men shall not be permitted
sputes, and the grant to the
to stop the industrial processes of the nation, at any rate before
1 operate the railways when
the nation shall have had an opportunity to acquaint itself with
ike public necessity,-I now
the merits of the case as between employee and employer, time to
form its opinion upon an impartial statement of the merits, and
is manifest and pressing.
opportunity to consider all practicable means of conciliation or
e responsibility and duty of
arbitration. I can see nothing in that proposition but the justifi-
158
ANNUAL MESSAGE TO CONGRESS
able safeguarding by society of the necessary processes of its
very life. There is nothing arbitrary or unjust in it unless it be
arbitrarily and unjustly done. It can and should be done with
a full and scrupulous regard for the interests and liberties of
all concerned as well as for the permanent interests of society
itself.
Three matters of capital importance await the action of the
Senate which have already been acted upon by the House of
Representatives: the bill which seeks to extend greater freedom
of combination to those engaged in promoting the foreign com-
merce of the country than is now thought by some to be legal
under the terms of the laws against monopoly; the bill amending
the present organic law of Porto Rico; and the bill proposing a
more thorough and systematic regulation of the expenditure of
money in elections, commonly called the Corrupt Practices Act.
I need not labor my advice that these measures be enacted into
law. Their urgency lies in the manifest circumstances which
render their adoption at this time not only opportune but neces-
sary. Even delay would seriously jeopard the interests of the coun-
try and of the government.
Immediate passage of the bill to regulate the expenditure of
money in elections may seem to be less necessary than the im-
mediate enactment of the other measures to which I refer; be-
cause at least two years will elapse before another election in
which federal offices are to be filled; but it would greatly relieve
the public mind if this important matter were dealt with while
the circumstances and the dangers to the public morals of the
present method of obtaining and spending campaign funds stand
clear under recent observation and the methods of expenditure
can be frankly studied in the light of present experience; and a
delay would have the further very serious disadvantage of post-
poning action until another election was at hand and some
special object connected with it might be thought to be in the
mind of those who urged it. Action can be taken now with facts
for guidance and without suspicion of partisan purpose.
I shall not argue at length the desirability of giving a freer
hand in the matter of combined and concerted effort to those who
shall undertake the essential enterprise of building up our ex-
port trade. That enterprise will presently, will immediately as-
sume, has indeed already assumed, a magnitude unprecedented
in our experience. We have not the necessary instrumentalities
for its prosecution; it is deemed to be doubtful whether they could
be created upon an adequate scale under our present laws. We
should clear away all legal obstacles and create a basis of un-
TO CONGRESS
DECEMBER 5, 1916
159
he necessary processes of its
doubted law for it which will give freedom without permitting un-
ry or unjust in it unless it be
regulated license. The thing must be done now, because the op-
can and should be done with
portunity is here and may escape us if we hesitate or delay.
the interests and liberties of
The argument for the proposed amendments of the organic law
ermanent interests of society
of Porto Rico is brief and conclusive. The present laws govern-
ing the Island and regulating the rights and privileges of its peo-
ance await the action of the
ple are not just. We have created expectations of extended privi-
acted upon by the House of
lege which we have not satisfied. There is uneasiness among the
eks to extend greater freedom
people of the Island and even a suspicious doubt with regard to
1 promoting the foreign com-
our intentions concerning them which the adoption of the pend-
thought by some to be legal
ing measure would happily remove. We do not doubt what we
monopoly; the bill amending
wish to do in any essential particular. We ought to do it at once.
ico; and the bill proposing a
At the last session of the Congress a bill was passed by the Sen-
ulation of the expenditure of
ate which provides for the promotion of vocational and industrial
ed the Corrupt Practices Act.
education¹ which is of vital importance to the whole country be-
ese measures be enacted into
cause it concerns a matter, too long neglected, upon which the
inifest circumstances which
thorough industrial preparation of the country for the critical
ot only opportune but neces-
years of economic development immediately ahead of us in very
bard the interests of the coun-
large measure depends. May I not urge its early and favourable
consideration by the House of Representatives and its early enact-
regulate the expenditure of
ment into law? It contains plans which affect all interests and
less necessary than the im-
all parts of the country and I am sure that there is no legisla-
easures to which I refer; be-
tion now pending before the Congress whose passage the coun-
e before another election in
try awaits with more thoughtful approval or greater impatience
; but it would greatly relieve
to see a great and admirable thing set in the way of being done.
natter were dealt with while
There are other matters already advanced to the stage of con-
to the public morals of the
ference between the two Houses of which it is not necessary that
nding campaign funds stand
I should speak. Some practicable basis of agreement concerning
the methods of expenditure
them will no doubt be found and action taken upon them.
of present experience; and a
Inasmuch as this is, Gentlemen, probably the last occasion I
erious disadvantage of post-
shall have to address the Sixty-fourth Congress, I hope that you
in was at hand and some
will permit me to say with what genuine pleasure and satisfac-
ght be thought to be in the
tion I have cooperated with you in the many measures of con-
:an be taken now with facts
structive policy with which you have enriched the legislative an-
f partisan purpose.
nals of the country. It has been a privilege to labour in such
esirability of giving a freer
company. I take the liberty of congratulating you upon the com-
concerted effort to those who
pletion of a record of rare serviceableness and distinction.²
rise of building up our ex-
ently, will immediately as-
Printed reading copy (WP, DLC).
1 That is, the Smith-Hughes bill, about which see W. C. Redfield to WW,
1 magnitude unprecedented
March 23, 1916, n. I, and WW to W. C. Redfield, March 27, 1916, n. I, both in
Vol. 36.
necessary instrumentalities
2 There is a WWsh draft of the paragraph relating to the Smith-Hughes bill
doubtful whether they could
in WP, DLC. There is a WWT draft of this message from the first sentence
nder our present laws. We
through the paragraph beginning "This is a programme of regulation, prevention,
and administrative efficiency.
in the C. L. Swem Coll., WC, NjP. Wilson
and create a basis of un-
then dictated the balance of the message to Swem on November 20, and there
is a CLST transcript of this latter portion in ibid.
lcon unease
W
UNEASE
Crime drugs
unuclatul - Aesdue to speech
1. Drugs
2. Deficit
Education linder states i.es)
new bruze. diff style of aperating
new family issues
Reasourance Pres provides
new American Leadership inv,drup,
build country shing mough to
fight for world peace
Yes, world
drang
reminding people why they noted
for him "snapshoto" (isp f.p)
The New York Times
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1983
WASHINGTON TALK
Required Reading
Headlines From 1900
1900
Edward E. McNally, a Justice De-
1983
partment lawyer, speaking in Chi-
cago at ceremonies marking the in-
MINNO
corporation of the Millennium Soci-
DAVINGO
NJVIN
Nom
NOVINCE
ety, established to bring together the
NMI
world's young leaders for talks about
international peace, Nov. 15, 1983:
In thinking about why we are here
today, I stopped by the Library of
Congress last week to see what The
New York Times had to say about the
And I was especially relieved to read
turn of the century in 1900. The head-
one: New York headline declaring:
lines were strikingly familiar, so
"Kidnappers' Pony Identified."
much so that many of them could
On New Year's Eve, 1899, Presi-
have come out of the paper today.
dent McKinley was in the White
"Harlem Desperado Shoots Four
House and accused of interfering in
Men." "Basketball Mob Nearly Kills
Nicaragua. Teddy Roosevelt, Gover-
Referee." "Secret Arsenal Found in
nor of New York, was holding court in
Manila.
"Uprising Feared in
Albany. In Peking, the discharge of
Korea." "Drifter Found Dead With
mighty guns to mark the midnight
70,000 Dollars."
hour created a scare, and Chinese
But I don't mean to make it sound
troops were sent to discover whether
like nothing has changed. Other head-
the city had been attacked or whether
lines talked about "Statehood for Ari-
it was a Boxer uprising.
zona" and "Smallpox in Brooklyn."
In Berlin, the German emperor at-
On New Year's Eve, 1899, crusading
tended a New Year's Eve service and
saloon-wrecker Cary Nation was
gave thanks for the blessings prom-
being held in a Wichita jail, restricted
ised by the century about to begin.
under quarantine. The mayor of
The world had yet to hear of young
Bowling Green, Ky. was completely
Adolf Hitler, who on that night
encased in ice. when a water hose
seemed no different than any other
burst while fighting a City Hall fire.
11-year-old Austrian boy.
No. 161-Part II
SAMONT
ongressional
Record
United States
of America
PROCEEDINGS.ANI DEBATES OF THE
98th
CONGRESS, SESSION
Vol. 129
WASHINGTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 1983
No.
161-Part
Senate
bas
THE MILLENNIUM SOCIETY
court in Albany. In Peking the discharge of
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, 3 days
mighty guns to mark the Midnight hour
harnessed to build empires and subjugate-
ago in Chicago a new organization
created a scarce, and Chinese troops were
even exterminate-whole peoples. Man's in-
dedicated to fostering international
sent to discover whether the city had been
humanity to man revealed its awful face in
attacked or whether it was a Boxer uprising.
the endless conduct of wars waged at an
peace; tolerance, and understanding
In Berlin the German Emperor attended a
ever-accelerating pace. Where in the Dark
was announced. The Millennium Soci-
New Year's Eve service. and gave thanks for
Ages wars were fought ponderously-by
ety intends to dedicate itself to exam-
the blessings promised by the century about
hand and on foot-by small numbers of men
to begin. The world had yet to hear of
far removed from the scattered cities, war in
ining some of the great issues facing
young Adolph Hitler, who on that night
the Twentieth Century grew to engulf the
mankind in the balance of this cen-
seemed no different than any other eleven-
energies and populations of entire conti-
nents.
tury and into the next century.
year-old Austrian boy.
A millennium, of course, is a period
The news accounts of the day focused on
Nearly seventy years ago, a war broke out
of 1,000 years. In less than two dec-
the Turn of the Century, examining the
that was to cost the world the "flower of a
ades we will be at the year 2000. It
hundred years gone by and looking ahead to
generation." Named before we knew to
seems fitting and proper that interest-
the wonders that another hundred years
number such global nightmares, the Great
would bring. The landmark anniversary we
War-the War to End All Wars-was fol-
ed citizens from around the world un-
approach-New Year's Eve 1999-marks not
lowed in twenty years time by an even
dertake efforts to foster an interna-
only the Turn of the Century, but the Turn
larger conflagration. And World War II
tional effort to celebrate the millenni-
of the Millennium. It is fitting that we look
gave birth to atomic weaponry.
um in a manner which encourages in-
not only on the past hundred years, but on
Now as the year 2000 C.E. approaches,
ternational understanding and peace.
the progress of humankind since the First
there is again widespread fear that the twi-
I ask unanimous consent that the
Millennium ended some thousand years ago.
light of the Millennium will mark the end of
statement by the chairman of the
As the year 1000 C.E. approached, there
the world. Today that unseen force is
board of the Millennium Society, Mr.
was widespread fear among the people of
spawned not by heaven or nature but by hu-
Edward McNally, be printed in the
the Old World that the twilight of the Mil-
mankind itself. The scorching of the Earth
lennium would mark the end of the world
by nuclear war would be the ultimate catas-
RECORD.
by some unseen force of heaven or nature.
trophe, meaning not only the loss of a gen-
There being no objection, the state-
Christians believed that the Biblical revela-
eration, but the destruction of all human-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
tions of St. John the Devine prophesied a
kind. Without judging the mistakes of our
RECORD, as follows:
fiery doom for the Millennium milepost.
forefathers, we realize we can never again
REMARKS BY EDWARD E. MCNALLY. CHAIRMAN
After beginning with such gloomy fore-
afford their risk.
OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, THE MILLEN-
bodings, the Second Millennium has wit-
As one great leader. President Dwight D.
NIUM SOCIETY
nessed great strides for humankind. Agricul-
Eisenhower, wrote:
In thinking about why we are here today I
ture. nutrition. and medicine made quantum
"When we get to point, as we one day will,
stopped by the Library of Congress last
leaps. Great institutions of learning, scl-
that both sides know that in any outbreak
week to see what the New York Times had
ence, and public welfare were founded. Lit-
of general hostilities, regardless of the ele-
to say about the Turn of the Century in
eracy and basic primary education became
ment of surprise, destruction will be both
1900. The headlines were strikingly familiar,
commonplace as the invention of movable
reciprocal and complete, possibly we will
so much so that many of them could have
type in the 1400's gave birth to the expand-
have sense enough to meet at the confer-
come out of the paper today. "Harlem Des-
ed sharing of ideas through newspapers,
ence table with the understanding that the
parado Shoots Four Men." "Basketball Mob
journals, and books of every description. It
era of armaments has ended and the human
Nearly Kills Referee." "Secret Arsenal
was Columbus' epic voyage that linked the
race must conform its actions to this truth
Found in Manila." "Uprising Feared in
hemispheres and, in the words of historian
or die."
Korea." "Drifter Found Dead with 70,000
John Fiske. "mingled the two streams of
Dollars."
human life which had flowed for countless
Eisenhower's successor, John F. Kennedy,
summed it up this way: "Total war makes
But I don't mean to make it sound like
ages apart." Thus the peoples of the Old
nothing has changed. Other headlines
and New Worlds discovered each other and
no sense in an age when the deadly
became united in commerce and trade.
poisons produced by a nuclear exchange
talked about "Statehood for Arizona" and
would be carried by wind and water and soil
"Smallpox in Brooklyn." On New Year's
There was a Renaissance, and at various
times in various hands classic art forms
and seed to the far corners of the globe and
Eve 1899, crusading saloon wrecker Cary
flourished. New and sometimes timeless ex-
to generations yet unborn." This scenario
Nation was being held in a Wichita jail re-
was confirmed just last. month by the re-
stricted under quarantine. The mayor of
pression was found in music, architecture,
Bowling Green, Kentucky, was completely
theatre. dance, poetry. and later film. It was
lease of an extraordinary study developed
by over a hundred Soviet and American bi-
encased in ice when a water hose burst
an age of discovery and exploration. Deserts
ologists, which described the pitch-dark.
while fighting a City Hall fire. And I was es-
were crossed, oceans probed, mountains
bone-chilling "nuclear winter" that would
pecially relieved to read one New York
temporarily conquered. Men walked on the
be brought on by the detonation ofver less
headline declaring: "Kidnappers' Pony Iden-
moon. And in ever-increasing ways, science
tified."
and technology were developed and har-
than half the megatonnage in the super-
On New Year's Eve 1899, President Mc-
nessed to serve the needs of humankind.
power arsenals.
Kinley was in the White House and accused
But the unfinished history of the Second
We are told that many young people
of interfering in Nicaragua. Teddy Roose-
Millennium is also a history of famine and
share a feeling of hopelessness about the
velt. Governor of New York, was holding
disease, of fear and abuse, of technology
future and don't believe they can have an
influence on national and global issues. Dr.
S 16946
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
November 18, 1983
John Mack, a Harvard University psychia-
trist, concluded on the basis of an extensive
In the war-torn and divided world of
college friends, and today the Society is led
today, it's fronic to note that some 200 mil-
study that young people today "are deeply
by an international Board of Directors com-
disturbed by the threat of nuclear war, have
lion years ago the entire world was united in
prised of select young leaders from Africa,
doubts about the future and their own sur-
the single great continent called Pangaea.
Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas,
vival." He concludes, "We may be raising a
Long before humankind evolved, Pangaea
began to break apart. By 150 million years
Earlier this year the Millennium Society
generation without hope."
We are here today to tell you that we
B.C.E., the land had divided into two great
was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation
with representatives in some 31 nations.
reject this epithet. Not only do we have a
continents, Laurasia, comprised of what is
vision of hope, but a commitment to share
now North America, Europe, and northern
In 1980 we began the search for the quint-
essential location to hold the spochal event.
this vision with others, and a determination
Asia, and Gondwansland, consisting of
South America, Africa, Australia, and the
After considering Stonehenge, the mysteri-
to make this vision a reality.
Indian sub-continent.
ONLY circle of stones in England, and Machu
As we undertake our small part in the
The ancient division between Laurasia
Picehu, the lost city of the Incas in the
quest for enduring peace, we recognize that
war has become obsolete as a means of de-
and Gondwansland is evident today not to
Andes, the Society declared a unanimous
choice: The Great Pyramid of Cheops at
ciding national differences. People every-
much in the separated land masses as in the
Giza, Egypt.
where in the world are beginning to know it.
tremendous economic and social disparity
between the Northern and Southern heart-
Censur stood there, so did Napoleen. It is
but governments don't know it yet. While
we respect the sovereign equality of all
spheres. We have seen that many of the
the sole surviver of what the Roman knew
as "De Septum Orbis Spectaculis"-the
countries and support their efforts to pro-
people of the world Hve today much as their
Seven Werders of the World. Standing in
mote peace, it is also clear that government
ancestors did when the First Millennium
the desert at the crossroads of the three
representatives are often inhibited by pro-
began. And we are determined to do our
great continents of the Old World, it is the
vincial mandates and intolerant national
part to help develop a more equitable shar-
most timeless location OR Earth, a symbol of
bias. Watching the U.N. proceedings earlier
ing of the world's resources.
civilized mam's earliest dreams.
this fall, I thought of how fluently and ar-
We have also arranged with the Cuntrd
dently the representatives of each nation
THE MILLENNIUM SCHOLARSHIPS
Line to charter the renowned ocean liner
spoke up for their sides. But nobody spoke
In particular. the Millennium Society has
RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 beginning Decem-
up for everybody, for that faceless, stateless
been established to help pass the torch of
ber 21, 1999. Some 1,750 young world lead-
body we are all part of called "humanity." If
peace on to ensuing generations. December
eas will embark from New York City aboard
nations are not to wage war against fellow
31, 1999 C.E., will mark the advent of the
the QE2 for a "floating United Nations"-a
nations, they must come to better under-
Millennium Scholarships. The Corporation
conference on international peace-during
stand one another. We believe it is essential
will sponsor select Millennium Scholars-
the ten day voyage to Alexandria, Egypt.
to promote informal friendly relations be-
versatile and exceptional young women and
In sixteen years you will find us with our
tween nations and those young individuals
men from all regions and pursuits showing
hair a bit grayer, perhaps a bit less spring in
who may one day be destined to lead na-
great promise for leadership and with a
our welk. Some of us here today will no
tions.
demonstrated commitment to peace-to par-
dealst be missing from that gathering. But
While the young suffer a disproportionate
ticipate in a worldwide program of universi-
you will not find us with any less hope or
share of the evil burden of war, only too
ty-level educational exchange.
idealism, or confidence in the ultimate tri-
rarely do we share in any role in the con-
THE WORLD MILLENNIUM CHARITY BALL
usaph of humankind. For there are thou-
duct or prevention of war. Yet we believe
The Society will also sponsor educational
sands of yourg minds in all the lands of the
firmly in the energy, promise, and idealism
conferences, charitable fundraisers and
world who yearn for the spirit of coopera-
of youth. and that-at least in part-the
other activities. You have already heard of
tion and peace, and who are willing to work
future will be what we endeavor to make of
it. Acknowledging by our very name-the
our plans for an international gathering of
for R. These are the young friends we seek.
Millennium Society-that we are custodians
diverse young leaders from all the conti-
of the Earth for but a fleeting moment in
nents of the world on New Year's Eve, 1999
And so let us lend our voices to the words
the vast reaches of Time, we believe that
C.E. We will gather at the Great Pyramid of
of William Faulkner, who declared in his ac-
Cheops at Giza, Egypt, to hall the dawn of
ceptance speech before the Nobel Prize
preventing war and its threat to the survival
of humankind is the greatest challenge
the Third Millennium with a united demon-
Committee:
stration for peace and celebration of the
"I believe that mankind will not merely
facing our generation today.
brotherhood of humankind.
endure: He will prevail."
According. our founders, through incor-
perators assembled here today at the City
By way of background, the idea that grew
of Chicago, have agreed to the present Arti-
to become the Millennium Society began
cles of Incorporation, and do hereby estab-
with a group of graduating Yale seniors in
lish an international charitable organization
the spring of 1979. It was at Mory's, the tra-
dedicated to peace to be known as the MN-
ditional, 134 year old New Haven drinking
lennium Society.
club, that we made a pact to take up the
By tringing together young women and
pledge of friendship from O. Henry's classic
men of excellence from throughout the
short story, "After Twenty Years," and ar-
world-without distinction as to race. sex.
range a rendezvous in 20 years time. When
language, or religion-we hope. to help
we realized that meant the landmark year
foster International fellowship and free and
of 1999, it was clear a larger gesture was de-
open discourse between all peoples on an
manded.
unofficial and non-governmental basis.
The idea for a seminal Millennium gather-
ing quickly outgrew the original group of
General Joe Bartlett To Come Home
To Marshal Parade
The son of a former Lost Creek B&O station agent, and a young man who left his Lost Creek farm home to
carve out a distinguished career in government and military service, retired Marine Brigadier General D. Joe
Bartlett. has accepted an invitation to serve as Parade Marshal of the 1989 County Fall Festival, in Lost Creek,
this September 16.
Born in Clarksburg. Bartlett spent his boyhood years on the family farm on Lost Creek RFD 2 (Romines Mill).
from which he was summoned to become a Page in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1941.
Joe is the sixth of ten children of the late F. Dorsey Bartlett and Blanche Hacker Bartlett. Their first child was
born while Dorsey Barflett was the agent at the then-bustling Lost Creek railroad station. Later he switched
occupations to the Hazel-Atlas Glass Company where he was employed for over 40 years. Born at Lost Creek in
the year 1890. the senior Bartlett died in 1965. Blanche Bartlett. also from a West Virginia pioneer family.
survived until 1985.
Joe Bartlett was enlisted in the Marine Corps at Charleston in July of 1944, as a 17-year-old graduate of the
Capitol Page School. Later commissioned from the ranks as a "meritorious NCO", he was recalled to active duty
during the Korean War. and served with the Second Marine Division at Camp Lejeune. In the years that followed
Bartlett had extensive world-wide reserve experience, and he was commanding a training unit in Washington,
D.C., when he was selected for flag rank in 1975. At retirement ceremonies in 1978 he was awarded the Legion of
Merit medal "for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services."
In his congressional career, Bartlett served 17 years as Reading Clerk of the House. In 1970 he won election to the senior post of Clerk to the
Minority. Six times elected to that position by secret ballot, he had just been unanimously re-elected when he announced his retirement in 1979.
The following year he was persuaded to run for a seat in Congress. In the home precincts, 103 and 104, Elk District, his neighbors gave him a
gratifying 30-to-1 vote of confidence in the primary. but in the general election he could not prevail over the odds. Bartlett is presently engaged in
Washington as a counselor in government relations.
An official of each Republican National Convention from 1948 to 1980, Bartlett served six conventions as Chief Reading Clerk. He became a
familiar personality to television audiences across the country as he called the roll for the nomination of candidates for president of the United
States.
As a lieutenant stationed at Quantico. Bartlett was ordered to a week's "hazardous duty" as an official escort in the 1951 National Cherry
Blossom Festival in Washington. He escorted the Ohio Princess, Virginia ("Jinny") Bender of Chagrin Falls. Ohio, daughter of the late Senator and
Mrs. George H. Bender. A year later the Marine married his princess.
Jinny and Joe are the parents of two daughters. Linda and Laura, both of whom have followed their mother as Cherry Blossom Festival
"royalty"
Linda is married to former University of Virginia basketball star. Jim
Hobgood. They have a young son and daughter and live in Fredericksburg. VA. Laura, and her husband, R. Wade Perkins, make their home in
Salisbury, MD. and they have two daughters.
Bartlett was the first congressional nominee to the Federal Executive Institute in Charlottesville, VA. He was subsequently elected to the
Alumni Board of Directors, and was invited to serve as the 1982 Distinguished Scholar in Residence at the institute. He attended the Defense
Strategy Seminar '75 of the National War College.
In 1971 Salem College bestowed on Bartlett the degree of Doctor of Laws. A year earlier he was awarded a similar honor by the Atlanta Law
School. He was the 1977 class president-valedictorian of Jim Comstock's famed University of Hard Knocks, matriculating at the Greenbrier Hotel.
Among his many public appearances, Bartlett was particularly honored to have been asked to make the address at the 102nd Memorial Day
services at Gettysburg National Cemetery. He has received the Distinguished Service Award of U.S. Jaycees. the George Washington Honor Medal
of the Freedoms Foundation of Valley Forge, and the Non Sibi Sed Patriae citation of the Marine Corps Reserve Officers Association.
Bartlett was a founding member, and an officer, of the Capitol Hill Club. He won national recognition as the first president of the Civitan Club
of Tysons (Virginia). He is the immediate past president of United Methodist Men of Arlington District.
Bartlett first went to Washington in 1938 as the pioneer lone representative of the school safety patrols of Central West Virginia. Invariably
referred to as "Dorsey Joseph ('Call me Joe') Bartlett", the Morgan Grade School student marched down Constitution Avenue carrying a big sign
identifying him as an "Official Observer", and promising to "come back next year with 819 more". The picture caught the fancy of the assembled
press, and CLARKSBURG TELEGRAM reporter. the late W. Herb Welch. parlayed the attention into a title of "America's Typical Schoolboy
Patrolman". The resulting publicity put Clarksburg in the news around the world.
In his reply to Lost Creek Mayor Gayle Ashbaker, General Bartlett declared it would be a great honor to serve as 1989 Country Fall Festival
parade marshal. He said he would be looking forward to the event.
The Festival Committee, noting that rain the past three years had failed to dampen the spirit of the festivities, promised fair skies and gentle
breezes for the general's parade this September.
AP/WIDE WORLD
The bombs that fell that Sunday
didn't just knock out some
battleships; they roused America
into a new age. Here is how
the long, unforgettable day unfolded.
SESSION
by Richard Ketchum
Il
F
or most Americans Sunday began quietly, with
nothing to suggest that this was the last morn-
ing for almost four years when the nation would
be at peace. It was cold and crisp, a glorious day
across the eastern half of: the country. The Roose-
velts had company for the weekend-all old friends.
The President's cousin Ellen Delano Adams and her
husband, with their som and daughter-in-law, were-
there, as was Mrs. Charles Hamlin, known as Bertie,
whom Franklin had met years before im Albany, New
York, at his- uncle Ted's inauguration as governor.
The White House was silent when Bertie Hamlin
awoke, and she dressed quietly, walked down the
long hallway past the closed doors leading to the
President's bedroom and: study, went downstairs,
and crossed Pennsylvania Avenue- to St. John's
Church on Lafayette Square, where the bells were
pealing for morning worship. By- the time she re-
turned, a number of people were climbing the stairs
from the East Entrance The luncheon guests- had
News of the calamity at Pearl Harbor races across the New York
Times building in Manhattan on the evening of December 7.
NOVEMBER 1989 . AMERICAN HERITAGE 53
arrived-some thirty-one of them, and a mixed bag they
he said, talking peace in the Pacific while plotting to over-
were, friends, relatives, minor officials, Army Medical Corps
throw it.
officers-prompting someone to observe that the First
That morning the corridors of the old State, War and Navy
Lady's secretary was cleaning up around the edges of the invi-
Building had been deserted when Secretary of State Cordell
tation list.
Hull arrived at ten-fifteen for a meeting with Knox and
Although they may have hoped to see the President, none
Secretary of War Henry Stimson. By two o'clock they were
of the guests much expected him to put in an appearance;
ready to call it quits and go to the Mayflower Hotel for
As
Stimson
AP/WIDE WORLD
started for the
White House,
he thought the
Americans
might have won
a major victory
at Pearl.
ATTACHES card
Soldiers at the San Francisco
Presidio study an extra edition of
the Chronicle on Sunday, and, at
far right, a sailor kisses his girl
good-bye the next day at Penn
Station in New York City.
he was understandably preoccupied with the tense situation
lunch, and they were just leaving when the Japanese envoys
in the Far East, and on top of that, Mrs. Roosevelt explained,
Kichisaburo Nomura and Saburo Kurusu arrived outside
his sinuses were acting up. He was having a relaxed lunch in
Hull's office. They had a cable for the Secretary of State, a
his upstairs study with his friend and adviser Harry Hopkins,
long and insulting reply to the imperious "Ten Point Plan"
who recalled that they were talking about "things far re-
that Hull had submitted to them on November 27, which de-
moved from war." Saturday, while the White House staff took
manded that the Japanese withdraw from China and Indo-
half a day off for Christmas shopping, the President had
china.
worked late, and now, after finishing the lunch on his tray,
Hull already knew the contents of the document; Ameri-
he was enjoying the undemanding company of his old friend
can cryptanalysts had broken the Japanese code in 1940,
and his Scottie dog, Fala, while he paid a little overdue at-
and in this particular case they had translated Japan's reply
tention to his stamp collection.
before the Japanese embassy could. In fact, the ambassa-
At the Navy's communication station the clocks read 1348
dors had been so hard pressed that they were an hour late
when Chief Frank Ackerson was called to the Washington-
getting their translation to Hull.
Honolulu operator's message AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR THIS IS NOT
When they arrived at his office, the Secretary of State was
DRILL.
busy on the telephone. His visitors could not know it, but
While the President and Hopkins talked, the telephone
the President was calling to inform him of the report from
rang, and it was Frank Knox calling Roosevelt-a stunned,
Pearl Harbor, advising him to receive the ambassadors for-
stricken Secretary of the Navy, reporting the staggering
mally but under no circumstances to inform them of the at-
news from Pearl Harbor. Hopkins, hearing that Japanese
tack. He was to accept the reply to his note "coolly and bow
planes were still attacking, thought there must be some
them out."
mistake-surely Japan would not attack Hawaii-but the
Hull let the agitated Japanese sit outside for fifteen min-
President thought the report was probably true. It was
utes-a tense quarter of an hour that marked an end to
just the sort of surprise the Japanese would spring on us,
innocence and the beginning of a new and different era in
54 AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
American history. When the two men were finally admitted
Tennesseean," calling them "scoundrels" and "pissants" in
to his office, he greeted them coldly and kept them standing,
his fury.
and when Nomura handed him the note, explaining that he
Secretary of War Henry Stimson was weary, and he was
had been instructed to deliver it at one o'clock, Hull asked
feeling his seventy-four years. He had hoped to get away to
why. Nomura said he did not know, but those were his in-
his Long Island place for a rest, but the news that morning
structions; the Secretary retorted sharply that he was receiv-
got progressively worse, convincing him that something bad
ing the message at two o'clock. Hull glanced perfunctorily
was going to happen, so he stayed in Washington. He was eat-
ing lunch at Woodley, his handsome Southern colonial
home overlooking Rock Creek Park, when the President
called and asked, in an excited voice, "Have you heard the
news?"
"Well," Stimson replied, "I have heard the telegrams which
have been coming in about the Japanese advances in the
Gulf of Siam."
"Oh, no," Roosevelt said, "I don't mean that. They have at-
tacked Hawaii. They are now bombing Hawaii."
That was an excitement indeed, Stimson thought, and
as he prepared to leave for the White House it occurred to
him that American forces in Hawaii might have won a major
victory; the defense forces in the islands had been alerted
and were capable of inflicting severe damage on the attack-
ers.
At 2:28 P.M. Adm. Harold Stark, Roosevelt's chief of naval
operations, phoned the White House and informed the Presi-
dent that the first report was true, that the attack had caused
SWOHO
some damage to the fleet and some loss of life-no one
could yet say how much. Throughout the afternoon and
evening the phone at the President's side continued to ring,
each time bringing an even more distressing bulletin about
the extent of the devastation. Roosevelt listened calmly to
each report, usually without comment, and then returned to
the business at hand.
About the time of Stark's first call, Mrs. Roosevelt was bid-
through the document and then, according to the subse-
ding good-bye to her departing luncheon guests when one of
quent State Department press release, said indignantly, "In
the ushers told her the news. The report was so stunning,
all my conversations with you during the last nine months, I
she said, that there was complete quiet, and after she had
have never uttered one word of untruth. This is borne out ab-
seen her guests to the door she waited until Franklin was
solutely by the record.
alone, hoping to slip into his study. It took only a quick
"In all my fifty years of public service I have never seen a
glance to make her realize that he was concentrating on
document that was more crowded with infamous falsehoods
what had to be done and wouldn't talk of what had hap-
and distortions-infamous falsehoods and distortions on a
pened until the first strain was over, so she went back to
scale so huge that I never imagined until today that any gov-
work-work, at that moment, consisting of going through
ernment on this planet was capable of uttering them."
her mail and writing letters, with one ear cocked to the
If the Japanese wondered how a man could know so much
voices of people going in and out of the President's study,
about a document he had barely skimmed, they did not say,
and finding the time and strength of character to concen-
but Nomura was about to speak when Hull cut him short
trate on what she would say in her weekly radio broadcast
with a motion of his hand and gestured toward the door.
that afternoon.
The two ambassadors left without a word.
Roosevelt's first move, after Stark confirmed the report,
Thus the authorized version. But when Dean Acheson ar-
was to summon his press secretary, Stephen T. Early, and dic-
rived at the department several hours later-having rushed
tate a statement for immediate release, and at two-thirty Lou-
in from his Maryland farm as soon as he heard the news on
ise Hachmeister, who supervised the White House switch-
the radio-little groups of people stood in the corridor, talk-
board, called the three wire services, put them on a confer-
ing in whispers, while the Secretary, still in a towering rage,
ence hookup, and asked, "All on? AP? UP? INS? Here's Mr.
remained closeted with several intimates, and the word Ache-
Early."
son got from those who had overheard Mr. Hull ridding him-
"This is Steve Early at the White House," the press secre-
self of the two Japanese was that he had done so in "native
tary said. "At 7:55 A.M., Hawaiian time, the Japanese bombed
NOVEMBER 1989 AMERICAN HERITAGE 55
Pearl Harbor. The attacks are continuing and
no I don't
dio in New York-none of them on the air, of course, just
know how many are dead." Almost instantaneously alarm
desultory conversation between people waiting for the broad-
bells on teletype machines in every city across the country
cast to begin. Paul White loved to sit in front of the complex
began to ring.
instrument panel, surrounded by gadgets, and he would
either push a lever and tell Trout to start talking or simply
Give US the reaction from London"
let his man in London listen to the broadcast and wait for
In London the CBS correspondent Robert Trout was sitting
the announcer to say, "And now we bring you Robert Trout
in the BBC's Studio B-2, two stories underground. He had
in London-come in, Bob Trout."
been stationed there since early November, temporarily re-
But tonight Trout realized that his cue was being delayed
placing Edward R. Murrow, who had returned to the United
for some reason, and he didn't hear White's voice. He was
States with his wife, Janet, for some rest and recreation, and
also aware that the door to the studio in New York had
as Trout looked at the wall of the studio, he found himself
opened because he could hear the clatter of teletype ma-
thinking that there was a huge bomb crater on the other
chines in the hall outside, then a babble of voices, and
side and that all that stood between him and the hole was a
someone saying, "Of course it means war
but why Pearl
single course of bricks.
Harbor?," which is how he became aware of what had oc-
curred.
F
Then White came on, to
say he would have to tell
DR dug in his
Trout what they had just
heels when
seen on the wire. "I already
know," Trout told him.
Hull urged him to
White didn't ask how he
make his
knew (he died before Trout
ever had a chance to tell
message to
him); instead he said, "Okay
Congress long
then, I'm cutting you in. Give
us the reaction from Lon-
and elaborate.
don."
For a horrified moment
Trout couldn't believe his
Manhattan office workers listen
ears. He turned to the cen-
to Roosevelt on December 8.
sor, who realized immedi-
ately the spot he was in,
For these nightly broadcasts, CBS leased a transatlantic
thought for a moment, and then nodded his approval-
telephone line for ten minutes. Even though the transmis-
meaning that Trout could go ahead with the "reaction" as
sion might last for only a fraction of that, ten minutes was
best he could.
the minimum rental, with the result that some of the time
"I have no idea what I said," Bob Trout recalled, "but some-
was used in preparing for the broadcast and testing voice lev-
how I put some words together and delivered a two-minute
els, with engineers, announcers, and others in studios on op-
talk. Then I was off the air-though only for a while. I was
posite sides of the ocean conversing. Trout was waiting for
on again any number of times that night."
his cue from the CBS news department chief, Paul White, to
A few minutes later Trout had a telephone call from Am-
go on the air, while next to him, as always, sat a British cen-
bassador John G. Winant, who was visiting the British prime
sor.
minister at Chequers and was furious. Why hadn't Trout
The procedure called for the censor to read the script that
called the embassy and told them we were at war before he
the reporter had prepared in advance, approving it or asking
began his broadcast? What did he think I should do, Trout
him to delete or alter something, but both parties knew that
wondered, call the American embassy and announce, "We
the censor had his hand on the control by which he could
are at war"? Until Winant asked the question, Trout hadn't
cut off Trout if he extemporized and said something that
realized that he had been the first person in Great Britain to
was not permitted. The regulars like Murrow and Trout had
learn that hostilities had begun between the United States
a good working relationship with the censors. It was all very
and Japan.
informal and friendly, and in addition to his official duties
Ambassador Winant had had a busy weekend. He was sup-
the censor actually served as a technician, by cutting Trout
posed to have gone to Anthony Eden's country house on Fri-
in and out.
day evening, to discuss the foreign secretary's forthcoming
Trout was wearing earphones, listening to a British engi-
conversations with Joseph Stalin in Moscow (Eden was leav-
neer and an American in Riverhead, Long Island, discuss the
ing for Russia on Sunday), but the news from the Far East in-
transmission. He recognized other voices from the CBS stu-
truded on the U.S. ambassador's plans. What with one thing
56 AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
and another, he didn't arrive
at Eden's place until after
midnight on Saturday, but
H
ull let the
AP/WIDE WORLD
his obliging host "found me
some supper and we stayed
agitated
up until the early hours of
the morning discussing his
Japanese
mission." When Eden de-
ambassadors sit
parted at ten o'clock, Win-
ant left for Chequers, a hun-
outside his
dred miles away, to see the
office for
prime minister, whom he
found pacing back and forth
fifteen minutes.
outside the front door, the
other guests having gone in-
side to lunch.
Churchill at once asked
Winant if he thought war
with Japan was imminent.
When the ambassador re-
plied yes, Churchill stated
with some vehemence, "If
they declare war on you, we
shall declare war on them
within the hour."
After lunch most of the
guests departed, leaving the
The Japanese ambassadors
prime minister to work and
Nomura (seated) and Kurusu
to rest, since he had been
wait at the State Department for
up most of the previous
their meeting with Cordell Hull;
night, while Winant spent a
at far right, Wall Street crowds
quiet afternoon with Averell
listen to FDR call for war.
Harriman, who was in Eng-
land coordinating the Lend-Lease program, and his daugh-
bor," Roosevelt replied. "We are all in the same boat now."
ter. A few minutes before nine o'clock they assembled in the
After the two leaders talked briefly (no mention was made
dining room and found Churchill sitting alone, grim and si-
of the serious losses that had been suffered), the prime min-
lent; as soon as they took their places, he called out to Saw-
ister and his guests returned to the table and, as Churchill
yers, the butler, asking him to put a portable radio on the ta-
said, "tried to adjust our thoughts to the supreme world
ble so he could hear the news. Churchill switched it on, and
event which had occurred." To the man who represented Brit-
as the sound of music faded away, it was replaced by a
ain's last chance, the indomitable leader whose courage and
voice announcing that-the Japanese had attacked the U.S.
conviction had rallied his countrymen when the nation
fleet at Pearl Harbor. As the diners looked at each other in-
seemed doomed, the news that America would be in the
credulously, Sawyers came back into the room to assure
war-"up to the neck and in to the death"-was a gift from
them, "It's quite true. We heard it ourselves outside. The Japa-
the gods. "So we had won after all!" he exulted, confident
nese have attacked the Americans."
now that "England would live; Britain would live; the Com-
Churchill bounded to his feet and headed for the door, ex-
monwealth of Nations and the Empire would live." After the
claiming, "We shall declare war on Japan."
long succession of defeats, the trials that were enough to
Winant got up and hurried after him, saying, "Good God!
scar men's souls-Dunkirk, the fall of France, the threat of
You can't declare war on a radio announcement! Don't you
invasion, the blitz, the U-boat war-he knew at last that
think you'd better get confirmation first?"
there was "no more doubt about the end."
Churchill walked through the hall to the office, which was
manned twenty-four hours a day, and told his staff to put
"It is the worst day in American history"
through a call to the White House.
From New York, Ed and Janet Murrow had come to Washing-
"Mr. President, what's this about Japan?" Churchill asked
ton, where they were to have dinner at the White House on
when the connection was made.
Sunday, December 7. That afternoon Murrow was playing
"It's quite true. They have attacked us at Pearl Har-
golf at the Burning Tree club when a man rushed out of the
58 AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
later, moreover, the United States was bound to be in the
war, so it was an unexpected boon that "the crisis had come
in a way which would unite all our people," as Stimson re-
marked.
Harry Hopkins saw things in an even more positive light.
"Japan had given us an opportunity," he felt. Others looked
on the day's bloody events not as opportunity but as unmiti-
gated disaster, and Assistant Secretary of State Breckinridge
Long expressed that point of view in the diary he kept for
most of his life. "Sick at heart," he wrote. "I am so damned
mad at the Navy for being asleep at the switch at Honolulu.
It is the worst day in American history. They spent their
lives in preparation for a supreme moment-and then were
asleep when it came."
That state of mind was hardly unique to Long. It was the
kind of reaction that was bound to surface publicly after the
first shock wore off, and with the idea of controlling the dam-
age promptly, Hopkins suggested to the President that he
schedule two conferences that evening-one with the full
cabinet, the other with legislative leaders. Roosevelt agreed
on both counts; the cabinet would meet at eight-thirty, the
congressional delegation an hour later.
Grace Tully, one of the President's private secretaries, had
been resting at home that afternoon, after the grueling de-
mands of the past few weeks, when the telephone rang. It
was Louise Hachmeister, and, with a long list of people to
call, she wasted no words: "The President wants you right
away. There's a car on the way to pick you up. The Japs just
bombed Pearl Harbor!" Twenty minutes later Tully pulled
into the White House driveway, which was swarming with
extra police and Secret Service men, reporters, and military
brass.
In the second-floor study she found Knox, Stimson, and
clubhouse shouting that Pearl Harbor had just been
Hopkins, who were joined a few moments later by Marshall
bombed. Murrow went at once to the CBS office to confirm
and Hull, whose face looked as white as his hair. Since most
the report and phoned Paul White in New York. Earlier in
of the news from Pearl Harbor was coming in to Admiral
the day a friend had driven Janet Murrow to an Army airfield
Stark at the Navy Department, it was her job to answer calls
near Washington so that she could see the planes awaiting
from him, take down the "fragmentary and shocking reports
shipment to England. She was amazed. The field was
by shorthand, type them up and relay them to the Boss."
jammed with aircraft, and until then she had had no idea
At first she used a telephone in the second-floor hall, but the
that Lend-Lease was producing aid on such a scale for Brit-
noise and confusion were such that she moved into the Presi-
ain. In the afternoon she was with their hosts, listening to
dent's bedroom. Each time she put down the phone and
the New York Philharmonic, and when the program was in-
rushed to the typewriter to transcribe her notes, a quartet of
terrupted with a bulletin about the attack, she assumed at
White House aides-Gen. Edwin M. Watson, Adm. Ross T.
once that their dinner engagement would be canceled. To
McIntire, Capt. John R. Beardall, and Marvin H. Mclntyre-
her surprise, when she phoned the White House, Mrs. Roo-
followed and crowded in behind her to peer over her shoul-
sevelt told her that they were still expected.
der as she typed. To all of them the news was shattering.
At three o'clock the President met with the War Council-
Each time Stark called she heard the shocked disbelief in his
Hull, Stimson, Knox-plus the two military chiefs, Gen.
voice; the men around the President were first incredulous,
George Marshall and Adm. Harold Stark, and despite the grav-
then angry; and while "the Boss maintained greater outward
ity of the circumstances, Harry Hopkins remarked the ab-
calm than anybody else
there was rage in his very calm-
sence of tension. These men, for whom the imminence of
ness. With each new message he shook his head grimly and
war had been a constant presence, reacted as Churchill did
he tightened the expression of his mouth."
when he heard of the attack. They had concluded long since
After talking to Churchill, the President had a long conver-
that the ultimate enemy was Hitler; they knew the Germans
sation with General Marshall about the disposition of troops
could never be defeated without the force of arms; sooner or
and the Air Force, and it was evident that Marshall was in-
NOVEMBER 1989 AMERICAN HERITAGE 59
creasingly edgy, impatient to get back to the War Depart-
text of the declaration of war to be submitted to that body.
ment, where he could be in touch with commanders in the
All the uncertainty of the recent past was over, and however
field (he had already warned Lt. Gen. Douglas MacArthur,
daunting the future might be, it was calming to know what
commander of U.S. Army forces in the Far East, to take
must be done.
every precaution). Roosevelt impressed on Hull the neces-
The White House switchboard had an open circuit now to
sity of keeping all the South American republics informed;
Gov. Joseph Poindexter in Hawaii, who confirmed the news,
he ordered protection for the Japanese embassy and consu-
or as much of it as he knew. As he and the President spoke,
lates and had the Justice Department put Japanese citizens
the governor suddenly shouted into the phone, and Roose-
under surveillance; Stimson and Knox were to see to the pro-
velt turned to the group in the room to say, "My God, there's
tection of U.S. arsenals, private munitions factories, and
another wave of Jap planes over Hawaii right this minute!"
bridges (though under no circumstances was there to be a
Reports continued to come in to what was now the na-
military guard at the White House). Then the discussion
tion's command headquarters, and in the meantime those
turned to Roosevelt's message to Congress, which he had al-
present were passing on to the others their fragmentary
ready decided to deliver the following day. The President
knowledge of events. Hull, still bitterly angry, repeated "in a
dug in his heels when Hull recommended a review of the en-
tone as cold as ice" his remarks to the Japanese envoys, but
as Grace Tully noted, "there
N
was nothing cold or diplo-
matic in the words he used."
ew Yorkers
Knox and Stimson were inter-
heard a siren
rogated by the President on
the situation in Hawaii, on
and turned out
why they believed this could
their lights.
have happened, on what
might happen next, on what
What now? Was
could be done to repair the
this real?
damage, but as the bad
news continued to pour in,
it became evident that the Pa-
Air-raid wardens take their posts
cific fleet had been severely
atop the Nassau County
crippled, that the Army and
courthouse in Mineola, Long
air units there were in no
Island, the day after the raid.
condition to fight off an inva-
sion of Hawaii, and that the
tire history of relations with Japan; no, he said, it would be
West Coast of the United States might even be an invasion
a short, precise message.
target.
For an immensely energetic man whose infirmity bound
him to a chair, all this activity was a relief and a release, a
"Every American is willing to serve"
means of channeling that inner rage and putting it to work,
Meantime, bulletin by bulletin, a smattering of information
and Eleanor Roosevelt could see that at that moment "in
at a time, the public at large was learning the news, strug-
spite of his anxiety Franklin was in a way more serene than
gling to comprehend and digest it and figure out how to re-
he had appeared in a long time." Despite the confusion whirl-
act. Sunday afternoon still had a particular niche in the aver-
ing around him, it occurred to some witnesses that the
age American home; with morning church attendance behind
White House was the calmest place in town, with the Presi-
them and the big midday dinner cooked, consumed, and
dent in his study the center of the hurricane's eye. The Un-
cleaned up, members of the family could settle down to a
der Secretary of State Sumner Welles was close by during
few hours of quiet and rest-napping, listening to the radio,
those hectic hours and thought that of all the times he had
reading the Sunday paper, going for a leisurely walk. Profes-
seen the President in action he had never had such reason
sional football was beginning to make inroads into this do-
to admire him. Sitting calmly at his desk, receiving a continu-
mestic tranquillity, and at Washington's dingy Griffith Sta-
ous flow of reports on a national disaster, "he demonstrated
dium the crowd was watching the Redskins play their last
that ultimate capacity to dominate and to control a supreme
game of the season against the Philadelphia Eagles when the
emergency which is perhaps the rarest and most valuable
first bulletin hit the press box. Nearby spectators heard the
characteristic of any statesman." With his talent for grasping
news from sportswriters, the word spread from seat to seat
the significance of each development, by the end of the eve-
and section to section, and soon the loudspeaker announcer
ning Roosevelt had personally handled every detail of the
began paging high-ranking Army and Navy officers, telling
situation laid before him by his military advisers, had writ-
them to get in touch with their offices immediately; this was
ten the text of a message to Congress, and had overseen the
interspersed with summonses to editors and reporters, for-
60
AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
eign ambassadors, and others, until individuals in every sec-
about twenty miles from his destination when someone in-
tion of the grandstand seats were hurriedly leaving and run-
terrupted the music to announce the bombing of Pearl Har-
ning for their cars.
bor. For Tibbets, that was the first news of the war whose
At the Polo Grounds in New York City, no one expected
end he would help bring about less than four years later, pi-
the Brooklyn Dodgers football team to be leading the East-
loting a B-29 Superfortress called the Enola Gay over Hiro-
ern champion Giants, but that was exactly what was happen-
shima, Japan. (By some extraordinary turn of fate and tim-
ing, and the radio audience was as intent on the play-by-
ing, a few minutes after the atomic bomb dropped from the
play account as those in the stands were on the game they
Enola Gay, Mitsuo Fuchida flew into the area. This was the
were watching. "It's a long one down to the three-yard line,"
same Mitsuo Fuchida who led the Japanese planes from
the announcer shouted; the ball was intercepted by Ward
their carriers to Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, bringing
Cuff, who picked up a nice block by Alphonse Leemans be-
war to America, and as he flew past Hiroshima, he wondered
fore he was hit hard around the twenty-seven-yard line-at
what had caused the curious mushroom-shaped cloud he
which moment another voice broke in to say, "We interrupt
saw rising above the city. So the man who was present at
this broadcast to bring this important bulletin from United
the beginning was there at the end as well.)
Press: Flash! The White House announces Japanese attack
In Manhattan the author Marcia Davenport was at one end
of the apartment when she
It struck some
heard her husband, Russell,
shout for her in a high, tense
voice. He was listening to
witnesses that
the New York Philharmonic
broadcast, and when she ran
the White
into the room an announcer
House was the
was talking about the attack
on the U.S. fleet. Neither of
calmest place in
them quite believed what
town.
they were hearing and they
stared at each other, wonder-
ing if it might be a hoax of
Officials planned to sleep in the
some kind, while repeating,
War Department during the
"Japan? Japan?" A few hours
crisis; this bed is Assistant
later they sat talking with
Secretary of War Robert Lovitt's.
friends they had invited for a
pickup supper, stupefied by
on Pearl Harbor!" Predictably, the Mutual Broadcasting Sys-
the news, not knowing what to do, half-expecting that Hitler
tem was suddenly deluged with calls from furious fans, want-
might have planned an attack on the East Coast to coincide
ing to know what was happening in the game. Mutual put
with Pearl Harbor, when suddenly they heard the wail of an
the Pearl Harbor story on the air immediately; astonishingly,
air-raid siren. Everyone stopped talking and looked around
NBC and CBS decided not to interrupt scheduled music pro-
the table at the others. What now? Was this real? Marcia Dav-
grams but waited until their two-thirty news broadcasts to an-
enport turned on the radio and switched off the lights, and
nounce the news.
they waited in the dark until a voice finally informed them
At Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas, an Army offi-
that the sirens were being tested on account of the day's
cer whose exceptional performance in the Louisiana maneu-
events.
vers a few months before had won him a brigadier general's
The man the Davenports had tried so hard to get elected
star was taking a nap after lunch, having told his aide that
in 1940 was contemplating a trip to Australia on Sunday, De-
he was tired and didn't want to be awakened under any cir-
cember 7. That autumn the Australian government had in-
cumstances. Under these particular circumstances, how-
vited Wendell Willkie to visit the commonwealth. As chance
ever, the aide decided that disobedience was warranted, and
would have it, President Roosevelt had written him on De-
he called General Eisenhower. From another room, Mamie
cember 5, saying he hoped Willkie would accept the invita-
Eisenhower heard her husband saying, "Yes? When? I'll be
tion in the interest of Australian-American relations and the
right down," and as he ran for the door, pulling on his uni-
Allied cause. The letter reached Willkie after Pearl Harbor,
form jacket, he told her he would be at headquarters and
and it was several days before he replied to the President,
didn't know when he would be back.
saying he would think further about the wisdom of making
Paul Tibbets was flying a Douglas A-20 bomber from Fort
the trip.
Bragg, North Carolina, to Savannah, Georgia, navigating by
Apart from that, however, he wanted to add something
tuning in to a Savannah station and steering by radio com-
that was very much on his mind. Friends of Mr. Roosevelt
pass. He was listening to a Glenn Miller recording and was
were suggesting that he could be extremely useful to the
62 AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
President in the national emergency, and Willkie hoped they
people could somehow set matters right.
had not troubled the Chief Executive on that score. Noting
A few minutes before five o'clock, President Roosevelt
the incredibly anxious and burdensome days that lay ahead
asked Grace Tully to come to his study, and she found him
for the President, he wrote: "What I am trying to say-
alone, with two or three neat piles of notes before him on
honestly, but awkwardly I am afraid, because it is not easy-
his desk containing the information he had received in the
is this: If any such well-meant suggestions about me are
last two hours. As she came in with her notebook, he lit a
brought to you, I beg you to disregard them. There is on
cigarette, took a deep drag, and said, "Sit down, Grace. I'm
your shoulders the heaviest responsibility any man can
going before Congress tomorrow. I'd like to dictate my mes-
carry and I would not add to it in the slightest way. Even
sage. It will be short."
to volunteer a willingness to serve seems to me now only an
With that he took another long pull on the cigarette and
imposition on your attention. Every American is willing to
began to speak in a calm tone as if he were dictating a let-
serve."
ter, but she noticed that his diction was unusually incisive
On Sunday afternoon, December 7, that letter had not yet
and slow and that he specified each punctuation mark.
been written, but Wendell Willkie knew precisely what the
"Yesterday comma December seventh comma 1941 dash a
mood of the country was: Everyone was willing to serve. The
day which will live in infamy dash the United States of Amer-
ica was suddenly and deliber-
ately attacked by naval and
Hitler
was
AP/WIDE WORLD
air forces of the Empire of
Japan period paragraph."
jubilant; without
In fewer than five hundred
words, spoken without hesi-
any preparation
tation or second thought,
Roosevelt dictated the
he vowed to
speech intended to lay Amer-
declare war on
ica's case before Congress
and the world. The message
America.
had none of Churchill's soar-
lurk
ing prose, no patriotic sum-
Now it's a world war: a barber
mons, no bugle calls to ac-
and his customer read of
tion-only a simple, direct
Germany and Italy's coming in
recitation of the facts, as in
against the U.S., December 12.
the conclusion: "I ask that
the Congress declare that
question for most of them would be how-and how soon.
since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sun-
day comma December seventh comma a state of war has ex-
"Yesterday comma December seventh
isted between the United States and the Japanese Empire
comma
period end."
The first news bulletin had attracted a crowd to the Japa-
When Grace Tully had transcribed her notes, the Presi-
nese embassy on Massachusetts Avenue, and as people
dent called Hull back to the White House to go over the
stood watching, smoke began to rise from the rear of the
draft. As he anticipated, the Secretary of State had in hand a
building, where the staff was burning diplomatic papers. On-
much longer message relating in explicit detail the long train
lookers were tight-lipped and silent, and a woman who was
of circumstances leading to war; again, Roosevelt was ready
there said their faces reminded her of a lynch mob she once
for him and would have none of it. He must have known that
saw in Georgia.
his wish in this grave instance was the wish of the whole
In front of the President's house at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave-
American people, for he sensed that they wanted no oratory,
nue, another silent crowd had been collecting since the first
no lawyer's brief, only the briefest summary of the facts; set
announcement of the attack, and several hundred were on
forth by him in what might be described as controlled rage,
hand-some women and children, but mostly men with an-
so that the nation could get on with what needed to be done
ger etched into their faces. These people were eager to do
as quickly as possible. Except for a few minor changes of
something and had no idea what shape action might take;
words, the only real addition he permitted was volunteered
mostly they had come here because they needed the reassur-
by Harry Hopkins, who suggested what appeared as the next-
ance of the White House, as if proximity to the embodiment
to-last sentence of the message: "With confidence in our
of America's roots and its might would relieve their anxiety,
armed forces-with the unbounded determination of our peo-
their shock, and their horror, and even in the random com-
ple-we will gain the inevitable triumph-so help us God."
ings and goings of high-level civilians and military men they
Eleanor Roosevelt was carrying on gallantly downstairs,
found security of a sort, as if the very activity of important
on the theory that her dinner guests had to eat somewhere
AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
and it might as well be there,
but it was not a relaxed occa-
sion for the visitors, who
F
DR seemed
were acutely aware of the
BOTH UPI/BETTMANN
empty chair at the head of
relieved; the
the table and the stream of
men in Tokyo,
worried-looking men scurry-
ing through the hall to or
after all, had
from the study that was the
focus of the nation's atten-
taken the
tion. Ed and Janet Murrow
decision for war
were with Mrs. Roosevelt, as
were her young friends Joe
or peace from
Lash and Trude Pratt, and
his hands.
during dinner the President
sent word that Murrow was
to wait, that he wanted to
see him.
After the meal Janet de-
parted to attend another
party, at which the Murrows
were to have been the
guests of honor, while Ed
went upstairs to sit on a
bench outside the Presi-
dent's study. As he waited to
be summoned, he observed
the continuing procession of
FDR signs the joint congressional
VIPs and overheard snatches
resolution declaring
of conversation as they
war on Japan; at far right,
passed, including a snarled
a crowd in front of the
rebuke to Frank Knox-
Capitol follows developments
damnit, sir, you ought not to
on a portable radio.
be in charge of a rowboat,
let alone the United States Navy!" Some years later, comment-
As luck would have it, the audience was seated by three
ing on the charges that Roosevelt and his top advisers pos-
o'clock, when the program was scheduled to begin, so these
sessed advance knowledge of the attack on Pearl Harbor,
twenty-five hundred Pittsburghers were innocently unaware
Murrow recalled the opportunity he had had that night to ob-
of the catastrophe in Hawaii. In an anteroom offstage a re-
serve these men off guard and said, "If they were not sur-
porter informed Nye that Pearl Harbor and Manila had sup-
prised by the news from Pearl Harbor, then that group of eld-
posedly been bombed, but, lacking confirmation, and feeling
erly men were putting on a performance which would have
that they should not hold up the meeting, the America First
excited the admiration of any experienced actor."
group decided that the show must go on.
It was almost five o'clock by the time Senator Nye got his
"It sounds terribly fishy to me"
chance to talk. Gerald the Giant Killer was feisty and proud
The affair in Pittsburgh that afternoon was billed in advance
of his reputation as a stump speaker against Roosevelt and
as "one of the biggest mass meetings ever staged here by the
the policies that were taking the country into war. He was
America First Committee," and the faithful began arriving
not about to pass up an opportunity to harangue a crowd be-
early at Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Hall, on Sunday, De-
cause of an unconfirmed report (though he had not troubled
cember 7, to hear Sen. Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota and
to check it out during the two hours he waited to speak).
Irene Castle McLaughlin, the widow and former dancing part-
The unhappy result was that while hundreds of Americans
ner of Vernon Castle, who was killed in World War I. Given
were dying in Hawaii, the senator from North Dakota set
the rapid pace of events and the polarization of opinion in
some sort of record for insensitivity by striking out at the
the country, something like what happened here was almost
administration for fighting Britain's war and at Britain for
bound to take place, but it proved to be a demonstration of
suffering fewer casualties than any of its allies, lampooning
America First at its most inept, a sorry end to a protest move-
the national debt and the destroyers-for-bases deal. He had
ment that had begun with such high hopes and ideals.
been talking for half an hour when a local reporter walked
66
AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
to take into account that the isolationists' illusion was all of
a piece with the ancient European dream of America as an
innocent, uncorrupted land, untroubled by the Old World's
wars, a new Eden where man might make a fresh start. "Lib-
erty has still a continent to live on," Horace Walpole had
promised, and in what people had called the Great War-
the one to make the world safe for democracy, which my
father and his generation fought-Americans went off to
Europe resolved to set matters right, singing "
we won't
come back till it's over, over there." But there was no com-
ing back to a sanctuary set apart by oceans, no holding off
the world. One of the lessons of 1941, as of 1914, was that
America, like it or not, was part of the whole. In the twenti-
eth century no nation was an island.
"On the ground, by God, on the ground!"
By evening people were standing five and six deep on the
sidewalk beyond the tall iron fence around the White House
grounds, peering at the lighted windows in hopes of spotting
movement inside, watching intently the arrival of each auto-
mobile to see if they could identify passengers, and by the
time Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes appeared for the
cabinet meeting the moon was up, misty and indistinct. He
noticed especially how quiet and serious the crowds were,
and he decided their presence was an example of the human
instinct to get close to the scene of action even if one could
see or hear nothing. Some cabinet officers had been try-
ing all afternoon to get back to Washington, and Ickes was
pleased to see that everyone had made it. Postmaster Gen-
eral Frank Walker and Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor,
had flown from New York in a special plane; so had the Treas-
ury Secretary, Henry Morgenthau.
Promptly at eight-thirty the full cabinet met, with the mem-
bers forming a ring completely around the President's desk.
onto the stage and handed him a note stating that the Japa-
Ickes noticed at once how solemn Roosevelt was: no wise-
nese had declared war on the United States.
cracks or jokes this evening, not even a smile, and the calm-
Nye glanced at the piece of paper and with barely a pause
ness he had displayed earlier in the afternoon was largely
completed his sentence. For another fifteen minutes he con-
gone, replaced by tension and signs of enormous fatigue.
tinued, interrupted only by cheers and shouts of "Impeach
The President began by telling them that this was probably
Roosevelt!," and at last he turned to the subject of the Far
the gravest crisis to confront a cabinet since 1861; then he
East and the administration's "studied effort to pick a war
filled them in on everything he had heard from Hawaii, mak-
with Japan." At that point he stopped long enough to read
ing clear that what they had on their hands was the worst na-
what was written on the slip of paper before him. He seemed
val defeat in American history. Not only that: Guam had prob-
confused, one reporter noted, as if he had difficulty digest-
ably been captured, and it was likely that Wake was gone,
ing it before he spoke again. "I have the worst news that I
while the Japanese were advancing on Manila, Singapore,
have had in twenty years to report," he declared. "The Jap-
Hong Kong, and other locations in the Malay States. For all
anese Imperial Government at four P.M. announced a state
anyone knew, an attack might be taking place in Hawaii at
of war between it and the United States and Britain." Then,
that very moment.
incredibly, he proceeded to deliver the rest of his prepared
Even though they had heard some of this news before
speech, and when it was done and reporters gathered
they arrived, the detailed catalogue of catastrophe shocked
around to ask for comments on the Pearl Harbor disaster, he
the cabinet members-that and the manner in which Roose-
told them, "It sounds terribly fishy to me."
velt described the disaster. Frances Perkins said he actually
Then and later it was customary to sneer at the isolation-
had "physical difficulty in getting out the words that put him
ists and pass them off as an aberration of the thirties,
on record as knowing that the navy was caught unawares."
myopes who had failed to perceive reality. And certainly
It was obvious to her that he was "having a dreadful time
there was some truth in the accusation. Yet the charge fails
just accepting the idea." Yet she knew him well, and she de-
NOVEMBER 1989 AMERICAN HERITAGE 67
tected an evasive look, revealing the wave of relief he was re-
They knew these negotiations were going on." Knox was ob-
luctant to acknowledge-relief that the long period of ten-
viously deeply embarrassed by these and other questions
sion, of not knowing what the Japanese would do and when
but made no attempt to reply.
they would do it, was over. The men in Tokyo, after all, had
Finally, at twelve-thirty, it was Ed Murrow's turn in the
taken the decision for war or peace from the President's
study, and the President ordered beer and sandwiches. Join-
hands.
ing them was Col. William Donovan, who was then engaged
Throughout the meeting, according to Ickes, Hull behaved
in setting up an intelligence organization that would be
more than ever like a Christian martyr-indignant that he
known as the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Mr. Roose-
was the one to have been duped by the Japanese diplomats
velt, dead tired, his face ashen, asked Murrow a few ques-
T
here were
some women
BOTH:
and children in
front of the
White House,
but mostly men
with anger
etched into
their faces.
The lights in the White House
burned all night, and crowds
waited quietly outside; at far
right, FDR's press secretary
Steve Early briefs reporters.
while their army and navy were plotting against us, since it
tions about the bombing of London and the morale of the
was obvious that the expedition against Pearl Harbor had
British and then informed his visitors in detail about the
been in the works for months. Despite FDR's annoyance,
losses at Pearl Harbor-the loss of life, how ships had been
moreover, Hull was still plumping for a long presidential
sunk at their moorings and planes destroyed on the air-
message to Congress, but when Roosevelt read his own draft
strips-and he pounded his fist on the table and groaned,
aloud, all but the Secretary of State agreed that he had struck
"On the ground, by God, on the ground!"
exactly the right notè.
For a reporter on this night of nights, it was the chance
Shortly after nine-thirty the congressional leaders were
of a lifetime, since the details that Roosevelt gave them—
ushered into the study, and the cabinet members moved
with no indication that what he said should be off the rec-
back to let them have the chairs surrounding the President's
ord-would not be made public for hours-in some cases,
desk. The President reviewed the situation with them in
for months. The President mentioned that he had talked
much the same words he had used with the cabinet, inform-
with Churchill, who told him of attacks on British bases, and
ing them that "the casualties, I am sorry to say, were ex-
he asked Donovan if he thought this might be part of an over-
tremely heavy" and that "we have lost the majority of the bat-
all Axis plan. The latter had no evidence to offer but said
tleships there."
it was certainly a reasonable assumption. Then Roosevelt
Following his summary of the attack, there was dead si-
asked a rather curious question, hinting at the isolationists'
lence until the man most visibly outraged said what most of
powerful influence on his thinking and his intense concern
the others were thinking. Tom Connolly of Texas, chairman
about public unity: Did they believe the nation would now
of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, asked, "How did
support a declaration of war? Both men assured him- that it
it happen that our warships were caught like tame ducks in
would.
Pearl Harbor? I am amazed at the attack by Japan, but I am
As Murrow was taking his leave after more than half an
still more astounded at what happened to our navy. They
hour's conversation, the President inquired, "Did this sur-
were all asleep!" he exploded. "Where were our patrols?
prise you?"
68 AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
"Yes, Mr. President," he replied.
no cipher messages could be sent, and that all telegrams
"Maybe you think it didn't surprise us!" Roosevelt re-
must be submitted to the Foreign Office for approval. The
sponded.
British ambassador and several others from the diplomatic
In the early hours of the morning Murrow returned to the
colony managed to get past the police outside the gates and
hotel and for hours paced the floor, smoking continuously,
bid farewell to the Americans, and they were followed by a
debating whether or not he could reveal the information he
group of extremely polite Japanese, who apologized pro-
had heard from the President. "The biggest story of my life,"
fusely before confiscating all the short-wave radios in the em-
he kept telling his wife, "and I can't make up my mind
bassy. None of the Americans knew, of course, how long it
whether it's my duty to tell it or forget it." In the end he de-
would be before they might be exchanged for Japan's diplo-
mats in Washington, and about sixty members of the staff as-
sembled for cocktails that evening, livened by a few brave
speeches. Arrangements were made for those who lived out-
side the compound to move into the embassy, sharing apart-
ments, bunking down on mattresses on the floor.
Reflecting on the way Tokyo had borrowed blitzkrieg tac-
tics from its allies in Berlin, Grew concluded that "if the Japa-
AMERICA
nese had confined themselves to the Far East and had at-
tacked only the Philippines, there would have been pacifists
and isolationists at home who would have said that we have
no business in the Far East anyway, but once they attacked
Hawaii it was certain that the American people would rise
up in a solid unit of fury." The task ahead would not be easy,
he knew, but Japan's defeat was absolutely certain, and he
permitted himself a smile of satisfaction as he recalled how
he had warned Washington to be ready for a step of "danger-
ous and dramatic suddenness"-exactly what had occurred.
Grew might be right that victory over Japan was certain,
but what good was that if Britain and Russia should fall, if
Hitler should triumph in Europe? Despite pressure from Stim-
son, in particular, who argued that Germany had pushed Ja-
pan to attack, President Roosevelt resisted the temptation to
declare war on Germany and Italy, hoping that Hitler would
relieve him of the necessity to act. He detected "a lingering
cided it had been told him in confidence and he should not
distinction in some quarters of the public between war with
report what Roosevelt had said.
Japan and war with Germany," he told the British ambassa-
"We have never even considered a war
dor, and although Berlin was ominously silent, he decided to
wait it out to see if the Führer would resolve his dilemma.
against the United States"
Hitler had his hands full. Winter had closed in on Russia,
The telephone awakened Ambassador Joseph Grew in Tokyo
and his dream of conquering that nation in a single summer
at 7:00 A.M. on December 8. The call was urgent, requesting
campaign ended as the days grew shorter and brutal cold
that he come as quickly as possible to see Foreign Minister
and blizzards descended on the land. On December 6, to the
Shigenori Togo, and, without taking time even to shave, he
utter surprise of the German high command, the Russians
threw on some clothes. When he arrived at 7:30, he found
seized the initiative when the temperature was thirty-five de-
Togo grim, formal, and-as always-imperturbable. The Jap-
grees below zero, launched a major assault with one hun-
anese official made a brief statement and slapped down on
dred fresh divisions, and threw back the Wehrmacht within
the table the thirteen-page memorandum that Nomura had
twelve miles of the center of Moscow. Simultaneously, Gen.
delivered to Hull. Then he made a pretty little speech thank-
Erwin Rommel's Afrika Corps began to retreat in the desert,
ing Grew for his cooperation during the long negotiations
and Hitler assumed control of all military operations. Curi-
and walked downstairs to see him to the door. Not a word
ously, despite the many warning signs from the Far East, the
was spoken about Pearl Harbor. Indeed, not until after he
Japanese attack took him by surprise. In the spring he had
had shaved and breakfasted did Grew learn that the two coun-
urged his allies in Tokyo to move against Singapore, saying
tries were at war, and this was not confirmed until late morn-
that one of the benefits would be to deter the United States
ing, when a functionary appeared at the embassy and, hands
from entering the war, but he had not contemplated hostili-
trembling, read the official announcement.
ties between Japan and America. As the German foreign min-
Shortly thereafter the embassy gates were closed and the
ister Joachim von Ribbentrop perceived, the Japanese attack
ambassador was told that no one could enter or leave, that
"brought about what we had wanted to avoid at all costs,
NOVEMBER 1989 AMERICAN HERITAGE 69
war between Germany and America," but Hitler himself was
"Brothers Grim" columns for the Yale Daily News and had
jubilant. Rejoicing in the news-"The turning point!" he pro-
turned in what both of us recognized as a piece of fluff for
claimed when he heard it-he dismissed the advice of those
the Saturday, December 6, issue-a hasty, last-minute effort
around him and made another monumental miscalculation:
before Christmas vacation-in which, by pure coincidence,
He would declare war on the United States.
we imagined ourselves during the approaching "reading pe-
Knowing virtually nothing about the United States, view-
riod" in Honolulu, taking in the sun and fun on Waikiki Beach.
ing it merely as a decadent bourgeois democracy incapable
I had been spending more time in New York that fall with
of waging or sustaining a prolonged war, he disastrously un-
my friend Bobs Bray. She was commuting to Sarah Lawrence
derestimated its strength (an opinion bolstered by the appar-
as a day student; happily, her mother's apartment had a
ent ease of the Japanese triumph), and despite the lack of
spare, closet-size bedroom where I was welcome to stay;
the most elementary preparations (one of his headquarters
and I had begun work on my senior thesis, which was to be
officers admitted that "we have never even considered a war
a history of The New Yorker, and was doing much of the re-
against the United States") and the certainty of U.S. interven-
search at the magazine's office on West Forty-third Street.
tion in the European war, he left his Wolf's Lair bunker on
That Sunday morning we had a late breakfast and sat around
the evening of December 8, returned to Berlin, and began to
reading the paper. After lunch Bobs and I went out for a long
walk. Sometime before three
o'clock we were strolling
T hey could
down Madison Avenue, sev-
eral blocks from her moth-
hardly imagine
er's apartment. Suddenly it
was very cold, with the sun
that they were
low in the sky, sinking be-
hind the tall building, and
seeing certain
I turned my coat collar
friends for the
against the sharp wind. We
passed a soda fountain and
last time.
decided to have a hot choco-
late, and while we sat at the
Boston men stand in line to join
counter the news came over
up; recruiting offices across
the radio.
the country were busy the day
As in millions of other
after the attack.
homes that night, we talked
the hours away, for the first
prepare a speech to the Reichstag. On December 11, after de-
time contemplating a future in which the two of us might be
nouncing Roosevelt as "the main culprit of this war" and a
separated for long periods, though we could not admit to
creature of the Jews, he announced to deafening applause
the unspoken fear beneath the surface: the possibility that I
that he had arranged for the American chargé d'affaires to
might go off to war and not come back. Whatever else we
be handed his passport. Now the fire he had ignited with the
may have thought about during that troubled evening, it
invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, would rage around
never occurred to us that what lay ahead would prove to be
the world.
the great divide for our generation-not only a chasm that
would swallow up some of our closest friends but the demar-
"The shortest, gladdest years of life"
cation line against which we would measure time and
Sunday, December 7, 1941, was my parents' twenty-first wed-
change ever afterward, as the Civil War and the First World
ding anniversary, and I had called them that morning from
War marked them off for our great-grandfathers' and fathers'
New York City to wish them many more of the same. They
generations.
were going to church in their hometown of Pittsburgh, as
On the Yale campus itself a carol service was in progress
they nearly always did, confident that Rev. Hugh Thompson
in Dwight Hall. A mixed group of students and faculty fami-
Kerr would reinforce their Presbyterianism in the most ami-
lies raised their voices in the old Advent hymn, joyously sing-
able manner imaginable. I was never sure how much they
ing out "Gloria in excelsis Deo!" at the same time the
liked the idea of my spending a lot of time in New York City;
announcer at the Polo Grounds in New York interrupted the
after all, if you were paying someone's tuition at Yale, you
Giants-Dodgers football game with the news that Pearl Har-
probably thought he should stick to his studies there. But I
bor had been bombed.
was pretty well caught up on my work and had come to New
All over the campus students were preparing for Monday
York for several days, planning to stay through the weekend.
classes when the word came, and it sent them rushing from
Before leaving New Haven, my classmate Dick Drain and I
their rooms, spilling out into the streets of New Haven, until
had written one of our occasional, purportedly humorous
two entire blocks on Elm Street were filled with undergradu-
70 AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
ates, churning about, moving without a destination, a mass
sional outpourings of enthusiasm by Yale students, but nei-
of nervous energy seeking release in shouting, singing "Over
ther they nor their paying guests were prepared for the
There," yelling, "On to Tokyo!" Long after dark they were on
small army that swarmed through the lobby, past and over
the march up Hillhouse Avenue to President Seymour's
chairs, couches, and potted plants, a bobbing, weaving, bois-
house, to serenade with "The Star-Spangled Banner" the
terous snake dance that made its way noisily up the stairs,
aloof, dignified man who had been a delegate to the peace
through the corridors to the top floor, and down and out
conference in Versailles only twenty-two years before. Sey-
again onto the streets. For most students and the "townies"
mour was sick in bed and had to dress, and while the stu-
who had joined them, it seemed like good clean fun, but win-
dents milled around, waiting for him to appear, the secre-
dows were broken, potted plants overturned, the hotel lobby
tary of the university led them in singing "Bright College
was a mess, and beneath the fun ran an undercurrent of po-
Years," which nearly everyone regarded mistakenly as the
tentially destructive force, a mix of exhilaration and anger
alma mater and which almost no one realized was set to the
that reflected the shock of the day's news-that, and a kind
tune of Germany's World War I anthem, "Die Wacht am
of relief that the uncertainties of the past months
Rhein." Its sentimental words were as
much a product of another genera-
Dalt
Drus
had been resolved at last. Fortunately for every-
one, the police appeared in force, the students
ran out of steam, and after a
NAVAL 1500 MEET BLITZ OPENS RIOT
WAR
brief mass sit-down on the
B
trolley tracks to demonstrate
eneath the
British Follow
their independence, the stu-
fun was a mix of
dents broke up into groups
Against Japa
Sepmeur Sees
-
of two or three and slowly
exhilaration and
Need Wiscipline Unity
faded away in the night.
They could have no idea of
anger that
the hardships and suffering
reflected the
Student
Comment
in
Express Crisis
Faculty.
that lay ahead or of the thin
Surprise,
Optimism
margin that would separate
shock of the
their country and its allies
day's news.
from defeat at times. As they
strode through the cobbled
streets of New Haven on that
The front page of the Yale Daily
December evening, bursting
News on December 8.
with the force of youth and
YALE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES
defiance, laughing, cheering,
tion as the man to whom they were sung,
some with tears in their eyes, they
but they had a particular poignancy at this
could hardly imagine that they were seeing cer-
moment, coming from a little band of Amer-
tain friends in the crowd for the last time, or know that the
ica's youth, their hundreds of uplifted faces illuminated by
only future vestige of those names or faces would be the dim-
the soft light from the President's house:
ming memory of lost comrades forever young, glowing and
strong, walking arm-in-arm through a college town on the
Bright college years, with pleasure rife,
night the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.
The shortest, gladdest years of life;
All that was for the future; for now, everything was lost in
How swiftly are ye gliding by!
joyful exuberance and a surge of patriotism, the likes of
Oh, why doth time so swiftly fly?
which might not be seen again on that campus or another.
During those borrowed years before the unsought war came
At last the President appeared to address the "Men of
to America, these students had favored America's entry into
Yale," recalling similar gatherings in 1898 and 1917, remind-
the war, or they had opposed it, or they had not known ex-
ing them of the university's tradition of loyalty and service
actly where they stood, but the differences that had seemed
to the nation, telling them how proud he was that they were
so important didn't really matter any longer. What needed to
ready to serve. Seymour was not exactly a spellbinder, but
be done now seemed very clear.
the undergraduates listened politely enough, rewarded him
with a chorus of "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow," and set off
Richard Ketchum was the editor of The American Heritage Pic-
toward the center of town, shouting the rallying cry of so
ture History of the Civil War and cofounder of Country Jour-
many football weekends: "On to the Taft!" The magic of the
nal. He is the author of several books on American history;
moment was gone, and Charles Seymour watched as the dark-
the most recent is The Borrowed Years: America on the Way
ness swallowed them up.
to War, 1938-1941, published this month by Random House,
The management of the Taft Hotel was resigned to occa-
from which this article was adapted.
72 AMERICAN HERITAGE NOVEMBER 1989
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Peggy:
I like the anchor=hope symbol on the Solidarity Mnmt. I'm trying
to work with it. I'd like to see a picture of the memorial to
refresh my memory.
Also: please check quote sources interesting entries under "new
bools for
world. "
Thanks!!!
DMcG
861.7
368.3 157.2 524.13
787.12
422.17
574.4
616.1
529
Tennyson
Tennyson
And flashing round and round, and whirled
12 Death closes all: but something ere the end,
?
Ib. st. 4
in an arch,
Some work of noble note, may yet be done,
Shot like a streamer of the northern morn,
Not unbecoming men that strove with gods.
veth onward fast,
Seen where the moving isles of winter shock
Ib. 1. 5'
ur lips are dumb.
By night, with noises of the northern sea,
13
The deep
it that will last?
So flashed and fell the brand Excalibur.
Moans round with many voices.² Come. my
rom us, and become
Morte d'Arthur [1842], 1. 133
friends,
f the dreadful Past.
Lo! the level lake
"Tis not too late to seek a newer world.
Ib.
I
And the long glories of the winter moon.
Push off, and sitting well in order smite
death, dark death or
Ib. l. 184
The sounding furrows, for my purpose holds
Ib.
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
2
Half light, half shade,
Of all the western stars, until I die.
lined
She stood, a sight to make an old man young.
$ together, careless of
The Gardener's Daughter [1842],
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down;
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
Ib. st. 8
1. 139
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.
er is more sweet than
3 The long mechanic pacings to and fro,
Ib. 1. 55
The set gray life, and apathetic end.
Love and Duty [1842], l. 17
14 To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. 3
P mid-ocean, wind and
Ib. 1. 7°
4 Meet is it changes should control
nariners, we will not
Our being, lest we rest in ease.
15 Comrades, leave me here a little, while as yet
Ib. last lines
Love Thou Thy Land [1842], st. II
'tis early morn:
Leave me here, and when you want me,
warbler, whose sweet
5
Ah! when shall all men's good
sound upon the bugle horn.
Be each man's rule, and universal peace
Locksley Hall [1842], l. I
ious bursts that fill
Lie like a shaft of light across the land,
great Elizabeth
And like a lane of beams athwart the sea,
16 In the spring a young man's fancy lightly
Through all the circle of the golden year?
turns to thoughts of love.
Ib. 1. I9
0 still.
of Fair Women [1832]
The Golden Year [1842], I. 47
17 He will hold thee, when his passion shall
Is, divinely tall,
6. It little profits that an idle king,
have spent its novel force,
Ib. st. 22
By this still hearth, among these barren
Something better than his dog, a little dearer
r.
than his horse.
Ib. l. 49
crags,
ot.
Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole
18 The many-wintered crow that leads the
of Shalott [1832], pt. I,
Unequal laws unto a savage race.
clanging rookery home.
Ib. 1. 68
st. I
Ulysses [1842], 1. I
19 Such a one do I remember, whom to look at
ns quiver,
I will drink
was to love.⁴
Ib. I. 72
nd shiver.
Life to the lees.
Ib. 1. 6
Ib. st. 2
20
This is the truth the poet sings,
8 Much have I seen and known; cities of men
That a sorrow's crown of sorrow is remember-
uded weather.
And manners, climates, councils, govern-
ing happier things.⁵
Ib. L 75
Ib. III, st. 3
ments,
Myself not least, but honored of them all;
21 Like a dog, he hunts in dreams.
river
And drunk delight of battle with my peers,
Ib. 1. 79
lb. st. 4
Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.
22 With a little hoard of maxims preaching
left the loom,
I am a part of all that I have. met;
down a daughter's heart.
Ib. l. 94
S thro' the room,
Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough
23 But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt
ly bloom,
Gleams that untraveled world.¹
and the plume,
Ib. 1. 13
that Honor feels.
Ib. l. 105
) Camelot.
9 How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
24 For I dipped into the future, far as human eye
1 floated wide;
To rust unburnished, not to shine in use,
could see,
from side to side.
As though to breathe were life!
Saw the Vision of the world, and all the won-
upon me," cried
Ib. l. 22
der that would be;
tt.
Ib. st. 5
Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies
10 And this gray spirit yearning in desire
of magic sails,
a little space;
To follow knowledge like a sinking star,
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.
2See Revelation 14:2, 53:22, and Eliot. 808:2.
lovely face;
3Inscribed on the cross erected to the memory of Cap-
d her grace,
Ib. l. 3°
tain Robert Falcon Scott [1868-1912] and his men at Hut
tt."
Ib. IV, st. 6
11 This is my son, mine own Telemachus.
Point in the Antarctic.
Ib. 1. 33
"See Burns, 410:3, and Halleck, 464:11.
nd
See Pindar, 721; Boethius, 129:22; Dante, 141:2; and
he splendor of the moon,
'See Henry Adams, 634:18.
Chaucer, 144:24.
861
erwood - Neruda
Neruda - Singer
science in the awareness of being human and
ized and expert technological world, never-
arry us all to destruc-
lb.
of believing in a common destiny.
theless a world of human community.
Toward the Splendid City, upon
Science and the Common
receiving the Nobel Prize [1971]
Understanding [1953]
ay Lewis
I
What a great language I have, it's a fine
-1972
language we inherited from the fierce Con-
Sidney Joseph Perelman
or I
quistadors
They carried everything off
1904-1979
tning's hour,
and left us everything
They left us the
8
One Touch of Venus.
de,
words.
Memoirs (Confieso Que He Vivido:
Title of play [1943] (with OGDEN
er.
NASH)
empt Me No More, st. I
Memorias) [1974], 1 ch. 2
2
Night in Valparaiso!
The immense
9
Crazy Like a Fox.
Neruda
deserted night set up its formation of colossal
Title of book [1944]
Reyes y Basualto]
figures that seeded light far and wide. Al-
debaran trembled, throbbing far above, Cas-
1-1973
siopeia hung her dress on heaven's doors,
Isaac Bashevis Singer
Idest poem tonight.
while the noiseless chariot of the Southern
1904-
night is starry bright
Cross rolled over the night sperm of the
10
When literature becomes overly erudite, it
S are shivering far
Milky Way.
Ib. 3
means that interest in the art has gone and
ddest poem tonight.
3
Poetry is an act of peace. Peace goes into
curiosity about the artist is what's most im-
etimes she loved me too.
the making of a poet as flour goes into the
portant. It becomes a kind of idolatry.
we Poems and a Song of
making of bread.
Ib. 6
Isaac Bashevis Singer Talks
About Everything, interview with
Jeinte Poemas de Amor y
4
I continue to work with the materials I
Richard Burgin in the New York
ión Desesperada) [1924].
have, the materials I am made of. With feel-
Times Magazine [November 26,
Vrite (Puedo Escribir)¹
ings, beings, books, events, and battles, I am
1978]
d of being a man
omnivorous. I would like to swallow the
tailor shops and movie
whole earth. I would like to drink the whole
11 It seems that the analysis of character is
Ib. II
sea.
the highest human entertainment. And liter-
ature does it, unlike gossip, without mention-
able, like a felt swan
5
Poetry is a deep inner calling in man; from
ing real names.
Ib.
ter of sources and ashes.
it came liturgy, the psalms, and also the con-
ia en la Tierra (Residence
tent of religions.
Ib.
12 When the writer becomes the center of his
), series II [1935] Walking
attention, he becomes a nudnik. And a nud-
nik who believes he's profound is even worse
J. Robert Oppenheimer²
than just a plain nudnik.
Ib.
1904-1967
13 We know what a person thinks not when
ouse,
In some sort of crude sense which no vul-
he tells us what he thinks, but by his actions.
ain.
garity, no humor, no overstatement can quite
Ib.
as III [1947]. I Explain
extinguish, the physicists have known sin;
Things (Explico Algunas
and this is a knowledge which they cannot
14
The greatness of art is not to find what is
lose.
3
common but what is unique.
Ib.
llow of Spain
Physics in the Contemporary
15
Sometimes love is stronger than a man's
Ib.
1.
World, lecture at Massachusetts
convictions.
Ib.
ime are born bullets
Institute of Technology [November
25, 1947]
16
If you write about the things and the peo-
seek out in you
lies.
Ib.
:
The open society, the unrestricted access to
ple you know best, you discover your roots.
to the same goal: to convey
knowledge, the unplanned and uninhibited
Even if they are new roots, fresh roots
they are better than
no roots.
Ib.
we are. And we must pass
association of men for its furtherance-these
and difficulty, isolation and
are what may make a vast, complex, ever
17
What nature delivers to us is never stale.
to reach forth to the en-
growing, ever changing, ever more special-
Because what nature creates has eternity in
'Translated by HARDIE ST. MARTIN.
it.
Ib.
where we can dance our
nd sing our sorrowful song
'For the passage quoted by Oppenheimer at the explo-
sion of the first atom bomb [Alamogordo, New Mexico,
18
The very essence of literature is the war
nce or in this song there are
July 16, 1945], see Bhagavad Gita, 94:15. He also
between emotion and intellect, between life
st ancient rites of our con-
quoted Vishnu from the Gita: I am become death, the
and death. When literature becomes too
destroyer of worlds.
CHEL PHILLIPS.
intellectual-when it begins to ignore the
)NALD D. WALSH.
'See Adlai Stevenson, 851:15.
616
Acton - Browne
I
It was from America that the plain ideas
Charles Farrar Browne
that men ought to mind their business, and
[Artemus Ward]
that the nation is responsible to Heaven for
1834-1867
the acts of the State ideas long locked in
the breast of solitary thinkers, and hidden
9
I now bid you a welcome adoo.
among Latin folios-burst forth like a con-
Artemus Ward, His Book [1862]
queror upon the world they were destined to
10 My pollertics, like my religion, being of an
transform, under the title of the Rights of
exceedin' accommodatin' character.
Man
and the principle gained ground,
Ib. The Crisis
that a nation can never abandon its fate to an
authority it cannot control.
Ib. 2
11
N.B. This is rote sarcastikul.
Ib. A Visit to Brigham Young
2
The one pervading evil of democracy is the
12 The female woman is one of the greatest
tyranny of the majority, or rather of that
institooshuns of which this land can boste.
party, not always the majority, that succeeds,
by force or fraud, in carrying elections.
lb. Woman's Rights
Ib. 3
13 I am not a politician, and my other habits
are good, also.2
3
Truth is the only merit that gives dignity
Fourth of July Oration
and worth to history.
Ib. 4
14 The prevailin' weakness of most public
4
Writers the most learned, the most accu-
men is to Slop over. G. Washington never
rate in details, and the soundest in tendency,
slopt over.
Ib.
frequently fall into a habit which can neither
15 I can't sing. As a singist I am not a success.
be cured nor pardoned- the habit of making
I am saddest when I sing. 3 So are those who
history into the proof of their theories.
hear me. They are sadder even than I am.
Ib. 8
Artemus Ward, His Travels
[1865]. Lecture
George Arnold
16 Did you ever have the measels, and if so,
how many?
Ib. The Census
1834-1865
5 Life for the living, and rest for the dead!
17 The Puritans nobly fled from a land of des-
The Jolly Old Pedagogue, st. 2
potism to a land of freedim, where they could
not only enjoy their own religion, but could
prevent everybody else from enjoyin his. 4
Sabine Baring-Gould
London Punch Letters, no. 5 [1866]
1834-1924
18 Why is this thus? What is the reason of this
thusness?
Moses, the Sassy
6 Onward, Christian soldiers,
Marching as to war,
19 He [Brigham Young] is dreadfully mar-
With the Cross of Jesus
ried. He's the most married man I ever saw
Going on before!
in my life.
lb.
Onward, Christian Soldiers
[1864], st. I
20 Let us all be happy and live within our
means, even if we have to borrow the money
7 Now the day is over,
to do it with.
Natural History
Night is drawing nigh;
21 The sun has a right to "set" where it wants
Shadows of the evening
to, and so, I may add, has a hen.
Steal across the sky.
A Mormon Romance, ch. 4
Now the Day Is Over [1865], st. I
22
They cherish his mem'ry, and them as sell
8 Through the night of doubt and sorrow
picturs of his birthplace, etc., make it prof'ti-
Onward goes the pilgrim band,
ble cherishin' it.
Singing songs of expectation,
At the Tomb of Shakespeare
Marching to the promised land.
2A favorite quotation of John F. Kennedy.
Through the Night of Doubt and
3I'm Saddest When Sing.-T. H. BAYLY [1797-1839].
Sorrow [1867], st. I 1
title of poem
The Puritan's idea of Hell is a place where everybody
'Translated from the Danish of B. S. INGEMANN
has to mind his own business.-Attributed to WENDELL
[1825].
PHILLIPS [1811-1884]
574
Whitman
I
0 to be self-balanced for contingencies,
17 And now it seems to me the beautiful uncut
To confront night, storms, hunger, ridicule,
hair of graves.
Ib.
accidents, rebuffs, as the trees and ani-
18 Has anyone supposed it lucky to be born?
mals do.
Ib.
I hasten to inform him or her, it is just as
2 I hear America singing, the varied carols I
lucky to die, and I know it.
lb. 7
hear.
Ib. I Hear America Singing
19 I am he that walks with the tender and grow-
3 Starting from fish-shape Paumanok where I
ing night,
was born,
I call to the earth and sea half-held by the
Well-begotten, and raised by a perfect
night.
mother,
Press close bare-bosomed night-press close
After roaming many lands, lover of populous
magnetic nourishing night!
pavements,
Night of south winds-night of the large few
Dweller in Mannahatta my city, or on south-
stars!2
ern savannas.
Still nodding night-mad naked summer
Ib. Starting from Paumanok, I
night.
Ib. 21
4 Solitary, singing in the West, I strike up for
20 Walt Whitman, a kosmos, of Manhattan the
a New World.
Ib.
son,
Turbulent, fleshy, sensual, eating, drinking
5 Americanos! conquerors! marches humani-
and breeding,
tarian!
Ib. 3
No sentimentalist, no stander above men and
6 I will put in my poems that with you is hero-
women or apart from them,
ism upon land and sea,
No more modest than immodest.
And I will report all heroism from an Ameri-
Ib. 24
can point of view.
Ib. 6
21 I dote on myself, there is that lot of me and
7 I say the whole earth and all the stars in the
all so luscious.
Ib.
sky are for religion's sake.
Ib. 7
22 I hear the violoncello ('tis the young man's
heart's complaint).
Ib. 26
8 I say that the real and permanent grandeur
of these States must be their religion.
23 I believe a leaf of grass is no less than the
Ib.
journey-work of the stars.
Ib. 3ʳ
9 And I will show of male and female that ei-
24 I think I could turn and live with animals,
ther is but the equal of the other.
they are so placid and self-contained,
Ib. I2
I stand and look at them long and long.
They do not sweat and whine about their con-
10 Nothing can happen more beautiful than
dition,
death.
1
Ib.
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep
11 I celebrate myself, and sing myself,
for their sins,
And what I assume you shall assume.
They do not make me sick discussing their
Ib. Song of Myself, I
duty to God,
12 I loafe and invite my soul.
Ib.
Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented
with the mania of owning things,
13 Urge and urge and urge,
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind
Always the procreant urge of the world.
that lived thousands of years ago,
Ib. 3
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the
14 A kelson of the creation is love.
Ib. 5
whole earth.
lb. 3²
15 A child said What is the grass? fetching it to
25 I am the man, I suffered, I was there.
me with full hands.
Ib. 6
Ib. 33
16 Or I guess it is the handkerchief of the Lord.
26 Behold, I do not give lectures or a little char-
Ib.
ity,
When I give I give myself.³
1b. 4°
Whitman himself, literally from his deathbed, and hence
27 I have said that the soul is not more than the
it is sometimes called the "Deathbed Edition." Whitman
body,
wrote of it: "As there are now several editions of Leaves
And I have said that the body is not more
of Grass, different texts and dates, I wish to say that I
than the soul,
prefer and recommend this present one."
'Why fear death? Death is only a beautiful adventure.
2See Flecker, 785:17.
-CHARLES FROHMAN [1860-1915], last words to a group
3See Emerson, 498:6; Lowell, 567:14; and Gibran,
of friends as the Lusitania was sinking [May 7, 1915]
782:16.
422
Canning - Hopkinson
Sp
No-here's to the pilot that weathered the
learned anything from history, or acted on
storm.
principles deduced from it.
Song for the Inauguration of the
Philosophy of History [1832],3
Pitt Club [May 25, 1802]
introduction
Oh
10 Amid the pressure of great events, a gen-
Th
1 I give thee sixpence! I will see thee damned
eral principle gives no help.
So
first.
Ib.
A
The Anti-Jacobin, no. II [1797].
11 To him who looks upon the world ration-
The Friend of Humanity and the
ally, the world in its turn presents a rational
Knife-Grinder, st. 9
aspect. The relation is mutual.
Ib.
2 I think of those companions true
12 The history of the world is none other than
Who studied with me at the U-
the progress of the consciousness of freedom.
:
A
niversity of Göttingen.
Ib.
A
Ib. no. 3° [1798]. The Rovers,
13 We may affirm absolutely that nothing
song, st. I
great in the world has been accomplished
without passion.
lb.
3 A steady patriot of the world alone,
14 It is easier to discover a deficiency in in-
The friend of every country but his own. 1
dividuals, in states, and in Providence, than
T
Ib. no 3⁶ [1798]. New Morality,
to see their real import and value.
Ib.
1. 113
15 Life has a value only when it has some-
And finds, with keen, discriminating sight,
thing valuable as its object.
Ib.
Black's not so black-nor white so very
16 Serious occupation is labor that has refer-
white.
Ib. l. 199
ence to some want.
Ib. pt. I, sec. 2, ch. I
5 Give me the avowed, erect, and manly foe,
Firm I can meet, perhaps return the blow;
17 It is a matter of perfect indifference where
But of all plagues, good Heaven, thy wrath
a thing originated; the only question is: "Is it
true in and for itself?"
can send,
Ib. III, 3, 2
Save, save, oh save me from the candid
18 The Few assume to be the deputies, but
friend!2
Ib. L. 207
they are often only the despoilers of the
Many.
Ib. IV, 3, 3
6 In matters of commerce the fault of the
Dutch
James Hogg⁴
Is offering too little and asking too much.
Dispatch to Sir Charles Bagot,
1770-1835
British minister at The Hague
19 We'll o'er the water, we'll o'er the sea,
[January 31, 1826]
We'll o'er the water to Charlie;
Come weal, come woe, we'll gather and go,
7
I called the New World into existence to
And live and die wi' Charlie.
redress the balance of the Old.
O'er the Water to Charlie
The King's Message [December
20 For Kilmeny had been she knew not where,
12, 1826]
And Kilmeny had seen what she could not
declare.
Kilmeny, 1. 38
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Joseph Hopkinson
1770-1831
1770-1842
8
What is reasonable is real; that which is
real is reasonable.
21 Hail, Columbia! happy land!
Hail, ye heroes! heaven-born band!
Philosophy of Right [1821]
Who fought and bled in Freedom's cause.
9
What experience and history teach is this
Hail, Columbia [1798],⁵ st. I
that people and governments never have
³Translated by J. SIBREE.
Quoted by G. B. Shaw in The Revolutionist's Hand-
This refers to the Jacobin.
book.
See Shakespeare, 212:20; Overbury, 262:13; and Gil-
The Ettrick Shepherd.
bert, 629:7.
"The music, generally attributed to Philip Phile, was
2Defend me from my friends; I can defend myself from
Washington's inaugural march. Hopkinson supplied
my enemies. Attributed to MARÉCHAL VILLARS, when
verses at a singer's request, and the song won instant
taking leave of Louis XIV
acclaim.
Kafka - Roosevelt
Runyon - Truman
787
Malinowski
Damon Runyon
Harry S. Truman
-1942
1884-1946
1884-1972
necessity? As regards
Guys and Dolls.
9
When they told me yesterday what had
he answer is emphati-
Title of collection of stories [1931]
happened, I felt like the moon, the stars and
W of the poisonous dart
and musical [1950]
all the planets had fallen on me.
) murder a woman or a
To reporters the day after his ac-
; not pugnacity. Nor is
2
My boy
always try to rub up against
cession to the presidency [April 13,
atching, or killing for
money, for if you rub up against money long
1945]
tural.
enough, some of it may rub off on you.
appa Address, Harvard
Furthermore [1938]. A Very
10 The responsibility of the great states is to
Honorable Guy
serve and not to dominate the world.
ty [September 17, 1936]
First Message to Congress [April
3
A freeloader is a confirmed guest. He is
16, 1945]
the man who is always willing to come to
11 When Kansas and Colorado have a quarrel
dinner.
over the water in the Arkansas River they
O'Casey
Short Takes [1946]. Freeloading
don't call out the National Guard in each
4-1964
Ethics
state and go to war over it. They bring a suit
S in a state of chassis.
in the Supreme Court of the United States
and the Paycock³ [1924]
and abide by the decision. There isn't a rea-
him is all I ask; one min-
George Sarton
son in the world why we cannot do that inter-
while you're runnin' for
1884-1956
nationally.
Speech in Kansas City [April 1945]
:tor.
Scientific activity is the only one which is
nw and the Stars [1926],
obviously and undoubtedly cumulative and
12 We must build a new world, a far better
act II
world-one in which the eternal dignity of
progressive.
The History of Science and the
man is respected.
scrawls o' chaps with a
History of Civilization [1930]
Radio address to delegates at the
Rosary beads, again' a
opening session of the United
d thrained men with
Nations conference, San Francisco
ery
an' he wants us
[April 23, 1945]
Ib. IV
Sara Teasdale
13 Sixteen hours ago an American airplane
1884-1933
dropped one bomb on Hiroshima.
The
5 When I am dead and over me bright April
force from which the sun draws its power has
Shakes out her rain-drenched hair,
been loosed against those who brought war to
anor Roosevelt⁴
Though you should lean above me broken-
the Far East.
84-1962
hearted,
First announcement of the atomic
: you feel inferior without
I shall not care.
bomb [August 6, 1945]
This Is My Story [1937]
I Shall Not Care, st. I
14 The release of atomic energy constitutes a
new force too revolutionary to consider in the
h, courage and confidence
Let it be forgotten, as a flower is forgotten,
framework of old ideas.
e in which you really stop
Forgotten as a fire that once was singing
Message to Congress on atomic
face. You are able to say
gold,
energy [October 3, 1945]
ed through this horror. I
Let it be forgotten forever and ever,
thing that comes along."
Time is a kind friend, he will make us old.
15 Means of destruction hitherto unknown,
the thing you think you
Let It Be Forgotten [1921], st. I
against which there can be no adequate mili-
tary defense, and in the employment of
DU Learn by Living [1960]
0 beauty, are you not enough?
which no single nation can in fact have a
Why am I crying after love?
monopoly.
to be lived, and curiosity
Spring Night
Declaration on Atomic Energy by
One must never, for what-
President Truman and Prime Min-
his back on life.
isters Clement Attlee (Britain) and
Autobiography of Eleanor
Roosevelt [1961]
Norman Mattoon Thomas
W. L. Mackenzie King (Canada)
[November 15, 1945]
1884-1968
16 Effective, reciprocal, and enforceable safe-
an a friend, I have lost an inspira-
I'd rather see America save her soul than
her face.
guards acceptable to all nations.
Ib.
light candles than curse the dark-
warmed the world.- ADLAI E. STE-
Speech before antiwar protest,
17 We must embark on a bold new program
ne 1962] candle than curse the darkness.
Washington, D.C. [November 27,
for making the benefits of our scientific ad-
opher Society
1965]
vances and industrial progress available for
ann - Schweitzer
Schweitzer - Pius XII
757
ninded, unperplexed,
begins to devote himself to his life with rever-
What is called a sincere work is one that is
ence in order to raise it to its true value. To
endowed with enough strength to give reality
The Duino Elegies, 4
affirm life is to deepen, to make more inward,
to an illusion.
Ib.
and to exalt the will to live.
Ib.
can only reveal itself
formed it, within.
1
Truth has no special time of its own. Its
Charles Franklin Kettering
lb. 7
hour is now-always.
Ib.
1876-1958
life which is turned
:
You don't live in a world all alone. Your
10
We should all be concerned about the fu-
brothers are here too.
r to W. von Hulewicz
ture because we will have to spend the rest of
On Receiving the Nobel Prize [1952]
our lives there.
hat in which each ap-
Seed for Thought [1949]
ian of his solitude.
Letters⁵
Sherwood Anderson
1876-1941
Maxim Maximovich Litvinov
is accepted that even
uman beings infinite
3
Everyone in the world is Christ and they
1876-1951
exist, a wonderful liv-
are all crucified.
11
Peace is indivisible.²
DW up, if they succeed
Winesburg, Ohio [1919]. The
Speech to the League of Nations,
between them which
Philosopher
Geneva, condemning Italian ag-
each to see the other
I am a lover and have not found my thing
gression in Ethiopia [July I, 1936]
Ib.
to love.
Ib. Tandy
he friendly forces, the
Wilson Mizner
3.
lb.
Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn
1876-1933
eed always products of
1876-1959
12 Life's a tough proposition, and the first
, of having gone to the
nce, to where man can
3 The golf links lie so near the mill
hundred years are the hardest.
Ib.
That almost every day
Saying
The laboring children can look out
13
Be nice to people on your way up because
And watch the men at play.
you'll meet 'em on your way down.
Sabatini
Quatrain [1915]
Ib. (Also attributed to Jimmy
-195°
Durante)
laughter and the sense
14
Irvin Shrewsbury Cobb
When you steal from one author, it's pla-
ad,6 and that was his
giarism; if you steal from many, it's research.
1876-1944
Ib.
ramouche [1921], ch. I
It smells like gangrene starting in a mil-
15
You sparkle with larceny.
Remark
dewed silo, it tastes like the wrath to come,
and when you absorb a deep swig of it you
16
You're a mouse studying to be a rat.
chweitzer
have all the sensations of having swallowed
Ib.
-1965
a lighted kerosene lamp. A sudden, violent
y, at the very moment
jolt of it has been known to stop the victim's
watch, snap his suspenders and crack his
Pope Pius XII
were making our way
ippopotamuses, there
glass eye right across.
[Eugenio Pacelli]
d, unforeseen and un-
Definition of "corn licker" given to
1876-1958
Reverence for Life."7
the Distillers' Code Authority,
17 Private property is a natural fruit of labor,
NRA
fe and Thought [1949]
a product of intense activity of man, acquired
through his energetic determination to en-
is the spiritual act by
sure and develop with his own strength his
live unreflectively and
Max Jacob
own existence and that of his family, and to
ARNARD GREENE and M. D.
1876-1944
create for himself and his own an existence of
,
The poet's expression of joy conceals his
just freedom, not only economic, but also po-
the Hall of Graduate Studies,
tect, John Donald Tuttle, ex-
despair at not having found the reality of joy.
litical, cultural and religious.
w Yorker [December 8, 1934)
La Défense de Tartufe [1919]
Radio broadcast [September I, 1944]
e Gothic, "a type of architec-
expressly
to enable yeo-
When you get to the point where you cheat
2In an earlier speech at the League [September 5, '935]
for the sake of beauty, you're an artist. 1
during the Italian preparations for the invasion, Litvinov
rough alots on their enemies
used a similar phrase: "The thesis of the indivisibility of
to my gods
and to make
to their senses of humor, I
Art Poétique [1922]
peace.
It has now become clear to the whole world
the door."
'Cest au moment où l'on triche pour le beau que l'on
that each war is the creation of a preceding war and the
generator of new present or future wars."
B:3.
artiste.
See Wendell Willkie, 824:10.
368
Prescott - Goldsmith
William Prescott
7 Good people all, with one accord,
1726-1795
Lament for Madame Blaize,
1
Don't one of you fire until you see the
Who never wanted a good word-
whites of their eyes.¹
From those who spoke her praise.
At Bunker Hill [June 17, 1775]
Ib. Elegy on Mrs. Mary Blaize
[1759], st. I
8 A nightcap decked his brows instead of bay,
Jane Elliot
A cap by night-a stocking all the day!
1727-1805
Description of an Author's
2 I've heard them lilting, at the ewe milking,
Bedchamber [1760]
Lasses a' lilting, before dawn of day;
9 That strain once more; it bids remembrance
But now they are moaning, on ilka green
rise.
loaning;
The Captivity, An Oratorio [1764],
The flowers of the forest are a' wede away.
act I
The Flowers of the Forest²
10 o Memory! thou fond deceiver.
Ib.
11 To the last moment of his breath
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot,
On hope the wretch relies;
Baron de l'Aulne
And e'en the pang preceding death
1727-1781
Bids expectation rise.⁴
Ib. II
3
They [the Americans] are the hope of this
world. They may become its model.³
12 Hope, like the gleaming taper's light,
Letter to Dr. Richard Price
Adorns and cheers our way;
And still, as darker grows the night,
[March 22, 1778]
Emits a brighter ray.
lb.
13 Remote, unfriended, melancholy, slow,
John Wilkes
Or by the lazy Scheldt, or wandering Po.
1727-1797
The Traveller [1764], L I
4
Earl of Sandwich: 'Pon my honor, Wilkes,
14 Where'er I roam, whatever realms to see,
I don't know whether you'll die on the gal-
My heart untraveled fondly turns to thee;
lows or of the pox.
Still to my brother turns with ceaseless pain,
Wilkes: That must depend, my Lord, upon
And drags at each remove a lengthening
whether I first embrace your Lordship's prin-
chain.
Ib. L 7
ciples, or your Lordship's mistresses.
From SIR CHARLES PETRIE, The
15 Such is the patriot's boast, where'er we roam,
Four Georges [1935]
His first, best country ever is, at home.
Ib. L 73
16 Where wealth and freedom reign content-
Oliver Goldsmith
ment fails,
1728-1774
And honor sinks where commerce long pre-
5
One writer, for instance, excels at a plan or
vails.
Ib. L 9I
a title page, another works away the body of
the book, and a third is a dab at an index.
17 Man seems the only growth that dwindles
here.⁵
Ib. L 126
The Bee [1759], no. I
6
As writers become more numerous, it is
18 But winter lingering chills the lap of May.
natural for readers to become more indolent.
Ib. L 172
Ib. 175. Upon Unfortunate Merit
19 They please, are pleased, they give to get es-
Also attributed to ISRAEL PUTNAM [1718-1790].
teem,
See Frederick the Great, 358:1.
Till, seeming blest, they grow to what they
Silent till you see the whites of their eyes.-PRINCE
seem.⁶
Ib. L. 265
CHARLES OF PRUSSIA, at Jagerndorf [May 23, 1745]
Sir Walter Scott in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
20 To men of other minds my fancy flies,
says that The Flowers of the Forest was written to an
ancient tune and that the last line, the refrain, is indispu-
Embosomed in the deep where Holland lies.
tably ancient. The air was also used for verses by Alison
"See Terence, 96:14, and Cicero, 98:18.
Cockburn. See 359'11.
"Italy.
"This is the origin of: America the hope of the world.
The character of the French.
December 4, 1989
MEMORANDUM FOR STEPHANIE BLESSEY
PEGGY DOOLEY
BOB SIMON
FROM:
EMILY MEAD EM
SUBJECT:
Suggestion!
I sent this memo off to Pink some days ago and I'm following
up on his suggestion.
Scenario after State of the Union message:
Q. Several months ago, Mr. President, you presented an
environmental award to a young man who asked you if the Executive
Office was recycling its paper etc. Have you started recycling
in the White House in light of your great interest in the
environment?
A. I don't know.
or
Young man who asked the President about recycling is seated by
Mrs. Bush during the State of the Union speech. (As Mr. Reilly
said: "Often its our children who take us to task on undone
projects, [ or something to that effect. ])
"And I'm proud to announce that recycling has begun in the White
House complex and an executive order will go out soon to all
departments and agencies ordering them to do the same."
11/17 pn
Emily: I don't know
I
which misure
like lotter!!
For oughd to to
send this
the speechunders, Reland.
Sig, + Mike H
HISTORY IN THE HOUSE
Office for the Bicentennial
H.S. House of Representatives
Washington, D.C. 20515
Volume 1
January 1985
Number 2
Presidential Inaugurations
in the House Chamber
vated seat of the Speaker of the
time that the Chief Justice adminis-
House. On his right sat the new Vice-
tered the oath to a President-elect. At
President Thomas Jefferson, George
George Washington's first inaugural
Washington, and the Secretary of the
the oath was administered by Robert
Senate. The Speaker of the House,
Livingstone, Chancellor of the State
Jonathan Dayton, and the Clerk of the
of New York, and at the second by
House, John Beckley, were to his left
William Cushing, an Associate Justice
and four Justices of the Supreme
of the Supreme Court.
Court were seated at a table in front
-JOHN ADAMS-
When the ceremony was over
of Adams. After his address, Adams
Adams sat down briefly, then rose
"Your dearest friend never had a
descended from his chair and Chief
and bowed and left the Chamber. At
more trying day than yesterday,"
Justice Oliver Ellsworth administered
this point there was a question of
wrote President John Adams to his
the oath of office. This was the first
precedence regarding who should
wife Abigail after his inauguration as
the second President of the United
States in 1797. This was the first of
seven inaugurations to be held in the
Chamber of the House of Represent-
atives. The Congress was meeting in
Philadelphia at the time and was still
three years away from its move to
Washington, D. C. The inauguration
of John Adams also marked the first
time in American history that there
was a transfer of executive power.
The press marveled at the virtues of a
Republic where a Chief Magistrate ac-
tually attended the inauguration of
his successor. Adams himself was
overshadowed in the outpouring of
emotion accompanying the retire-
ment of George Washington.
George Washington preceded
Adams into the crowded Chamber to
much applause. Adams sat in the ele-
The Hall of the House of Representives in 1837.
Architect of the Capitol.
leave next, Washington insisting that
declined an invitation to ride in the
Jefferson go ahead of him. Adams
inaugural carriage with Madison and
held a modest reception after the in-
his wife Dolley. Jefferson, accompa-
auguration, but the main event of the
nied by his grandson, rode to the
day was an elaborate farewell banquet
Capitol on horseback, hitched the
given to George Washington by the
horse to a nearby picket fence, and
merchants of Philadelphia.
once inside took an inconspicuous
No member of Adams's family at-
seat below the dais, much to the cha-
tended the inauguration, but the new
grin of the Committee on
President wrote his wife the next day:
Arrangements.
"A solemn scene it was, indeed, and it
Madison had a slight vocal disabil-
was made more affecting to me by the
ity that made his inaugural address
presence of the General, whose coun-
almost inaudible to those in the
tenance was as serene and unclouded
House Chamber. When he finished
as the day
In the Chamber of the
speaking, Chief Justice John Marshall
House of Representatives was a mul-
administered the oath of office. Madi-
-JAMES MONROE-
titude as great as the space would
son then reviewed the volunteer mili-
After the British burned the Cap-
contain, and I believe scarcely a dry
tia assembled on the Capitol grounds
itol in 1814, the Congress held its ses-
eye but Washington's."
and returned to his home by carriage,
sions in the Old Brick Capitol, a block
where refreshments were served and
away on the site where the Supreme
the guests were treated to some of
Court Building now stands. The Cap-
Dolley Madison's famous hospitality.
itol was still being rebuilt in 1817
At Long's Hotel that night about
when President-elect Monroe re-
400 people attended the first inaugu-
quested the use of this temporary
ral ball to be held in Washington.
House Chamber for his inauguration.
Vice-President George Clinton,
But Speaker of the House Henry
who was continuing in office, did not
Clay, who was angry at Monroe for
attend the inauguration and took the
selecting John Quincy Adams instead
oath of office on May 22, when Con-
of himself as Secretary of State, re-
gress convened.
fused the request, and the ceremony
Madison's second inaugural on
was held outdoors in front of the Old
March 4, 1813, was almost exactly like
-JAMES MADISON-
Brick Capitol. Monroe's second inau-
the 1809 ceremony. Madison even
guration in 1821 was scheduled to be
Both of James Madison's inaugura-
wore the same suit, which the press
held outdoors but heavy snow and
tions, 1809 and 1813, took place in
had praised for being one of Ameri-
rain forced the ceremony indoors to
the House Chamber. This was par-
can manufacture from the wool of do-
the newly reconstructed House
ticularly appropriate since Madison
mestically raised merino sheep. The
Chamber (now Statuary Hall) in the
was the first President to have been a
Vice-President, Elbridge Gerry, took
Capitol Building. This room was the
Member of the House, having served
the oath in Boston rather than make a
scene of all subsequent House Cham-
in the first four Congresses.
special trip to Washington for that
ber inaugurations. There have been
The Capitol Building in Washing-
purpose.
no inaugurations in the present
ton was still unfinished in 1809, but
Chamber, which has been in use since
the imposing Hall of Representatives,
1857.
considered to be the most beautiful
In 1821, for the first time in our
room in America, had been in use
nation's history, Inauguration Day,
since 1807. This room, on the site of
March 4, fell on a Sunday. President
present-day Statuary Hall, was de-
Monroe consulted Secretary of State
stroyed in 1814 when the British
John Quincy Adams, who turned to
burned the Capitol Building.
Chief Justice Marshall to decide if it
On March 4, 1809, the Hall of the
History in the House
was proper to begin his second term
Representatives was filled to capacity
is published
on a legal holiday. The Chief Justice
and 10,000 persons had gathered
periodically by the
determined that although the Presi-
outside the building in the bright sun-
Office for the Bicentennial
dent's term expired on March 3 at
shine. John Quincy Adams, former
U.S. House of Representatives
midnight, he favored postponing the
U.S. Senator and later to be President
138 Cannon House Office
ceremony until Monday, March 5.
himself, wrote in his diary: "The
Bldg.
The Vice-President, Daniel S. Tomp-
House was very much crowded and its
Washington, D.C. 20515
kins, who was ill at home in New York
appearance very magnificent."
Telephone (202) 225-1153
City, took the oath privately on March
Outgoing President Thomas Jeffer-
3 and then took the oath again on
son refused to share the limelight and
March 5.
The crowds for Monroe's second
successor to the Capitol. Unlike the
Jackson, who was in poor health,
inaugural were so great that several
boisterous crowds in 1821, the
returned to the White House and
diplomats in full dress uniforms could
people in the galleries during John
went to bed right after the swearing-
not get into the Chamber through the
Quincy Adams's inauguration were
in ceremony and did not attend any
crush of people in the corridors.
"remarkable for their stillness and
receptions or balls. The Vice-Presi-
More than 2,000 persons were in the
decorum" according to one local
dent, Martin Van Buren, also took his
Chamber itself. John Quincy Adams
newspaper.
oath of office in the House Chamber.
wrote in his diary:
Perhaps no President has been
"The President, attired in full
more intimately connected with the
suit of black broadcloth of
House than John Quincy Adams. This
somewhat antiquated fashion,
ceremony in the House Chamber had
with shoe-and-knee buckles,
rode in a plain carriage with
a unique and poignant aspect, since it
four horses and a single
was the House of Representatives
colored footman.
There
that elected Adams President. When
was no escort, nor any
concourses of people on the
there is no majority in the Electoral
way. But on alighting at the
College, the Constitution provides
Capitol a great crowd of
people were assembled and
that the election be decided by the
the avenues to the hall of the
House of Representatives. This has
house were so choked up with
happened only twice, in 1800 (when
persons pressing for
admittance that it was with the
Jefferson was elected) and in 1824.
utmost difficulty that the
After his four year presidential
President made his way
term, Adams served seventeen years
through them into the House."
in the House and suffered a fatal
-MILLARD FILLMORE-
Adams recorded that the crowd was
stroke in the same Chamber in which
boisterous and that "loud talking and
The last time the House Chamber
he was inaugurated. His funeral, held
agitation in the gallery" did not stop
in this Hall that meant so much to
was used for a Presidential inaugura-
even when the President was reading
tion was in 1850 after the sudden
him, was a grand yet quietly dignified
his inaugural address. For the first
tribute to one of America's greatest
death of President Zachary Taylor.
time at an inauguration music accom-
Taylor had attended a hot Fourth of
public servants.
panied the ceremony as the Marine
July ceremony connected with the
Band played during Monroe's en-
building of the Washington Monu-
trance and departure.
ment and overindulged in cherries
and iced milk. That night he was at-
tacked by cholera morbus and fever
and died five days later. This was the
first time a President had died while
the Congress was in session. The
House and Senate convened at 11
o'clock on July 10, 1850, to receive
the message from Vice-President Mil-
lard Fillmore that the President had
died the night before. Fillmore pro-
-ANDREW JACKSON-
posed to take his oath as President at
noon that same day.
The 1829 inauguration of Andrew
This swearing-in ceremony had
-JOHN QUINCY ADAMS-
Jackson was the first of many to be
none of the pomp of a regular inau-
held outdoors on the East Portico of
guration and was conducted quickly
In 1825 John Quincy Adams,
the Capitol. In 1833 Jackson planned
and solemnly, befitting a nation
whose diaries record details of the in-
to use the East Portico again, but
mourning the loss of a President. The
augurations of Presidents before him,
snow, freezing temperatures and high
gallery was crowded when the House
became President himself. The new
wind drove the ceremony inside to
convened at noon. Four minutes later
President's father, ninety year-old
the House Chamber.
the Senate entered the House Cham-
former President John Adams, was
Jackson's second inaugural was a
ber, accompanied by the Senate's
not among the members of the
simple one. Although there was no
Sergeant-at-Arms and the Secretary.
Adams family to attend the inaugura-
formal procession or military escort,
The Speaker of the House presided
tion. He remained home in Massa-
many citizens braved the high winds
and all rose when Millard Fillmore
chusetts, although some secondary
and cold to wait at the Capitol doors.
and his cabinet entered the Chamber,
accounts of the inauguration claim
For the first time the President was
escorted by a joint committee of Rep-
that he was at the ceremony. Outgo-
received at the Capitol by the mayor
resentatives and Senators. The oath
ing President James Monroe estab-
of Washington and members of the
was administered by Judge William
lished the tradition of escorting his
city council.
Cranch. Chief Justice of the District
and Circuit Court of the United
States. The new President left the
Chamber immediately without any re-
marks or speeches, but he quickly
Locations of Presidential Oaths
sent the Congress a message mourn-
and Inaugural Ceremonies
ing the death of his predecessor. The
National Intelligencer, a Washington
As of 1981 the Oath of Office has been administered to 40 presidents on
newspaper, observed, "The profound
62 occasions. Several presidents have taken the oath twice because Inau-
silence of so great an assemblage of
guration Day fell on a Sunday. Ronald Reagan was the first president to
deeply concerned spectators, the
use the West Front of the Capitol for his inauguration in 1981. The West
ceremony, so brief and so simple, yet
Front is also the location for the 1985 ceremony.
so important in its consequences, na-
tional, political, and personal, pre-
East Portico, U.S. Capitol
sented an incident and a scene alto-
34
West Front, U.S. Capitol
gether American."
1
What the Intelligencer saw as Ameri-
East Front, Old Supreme Court Section, Original Senate
Wing
can was the theme that has been
1
House of Representatives (D.C.)
6
present in all of this nation's inaugu-
Senate Chamber (D.C.)
rais - the open and orderly transfer
3
Vice President's Room
of authority from one person to an-
1
President's Room
other, from one party to another,
1
Old Brick Capitol
through almost 200 years of govern-
1
The White House
ment under the Constitution of the
5
United States.
In Washington, D.C., but not in the U.S. Capitol or the White
House
2
Outside Washington, D.C
7
Engravings of the Presidents from
the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.
Office for the Bicentennial
H.S. House of Representatives
Washington, D.C. 20515
Screen 1 of 2
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10
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11 250
1st ed.
12 260 O
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10
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16 520
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encyclopedia of people, places, and events mentioned in that volume.
17 651 C United States $x History.
18 651 1 United States $x History.
19 700 11 Athearn, Robert G. St American heritase new illustrated
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20 730 01 American heritase.
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TWA
vol. 11: The golded age
ITEMS 1-3 OF 12
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1. 02-15187:Wasner, Harr. Current history (United States history form 1899
!] to the present time); San Francisco, The Whitaker & Ray company
(incorporated), 1902. 3 F, 1., 9]-69 P. illus. (incl. ports., maps), 19
cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E712 .W13
2. 05-12579: Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the
compromise of 1850, New York, The Macmillan company London, Macmillan
& CO., ltd, 1900-28. 9 V, ports., maps (part fold.), 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E178 R47
3. 07-41116:Latane, John Holladar. America as a world power, 1897-1907,
New York and London, Harper & brothers, 1907. P. CM.
LC CALL NUMBER: E178 .A54 vol. 25
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4. a12-285 Caldwell, Howard Walter. American history. Blair, Nebr., Danish
Luth, publ. house, 1902. 31 P, ports, 22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E712 .C14
5. 18-3259:0ss, Frederic Austin. National progress, 1907-1917, New York
and London, Harper & brothers, 1918]. xxii P., 1 1, 430 P. incl. front.
(port.) maps (part double), 22 Cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E178 .A552 vol. 27
6. 40-33441:Josephson Matthew. The president makers. New York, Harcourt,
Brace and company, c1940]. viii, 584 P₂ 22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E712 J68
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7. a43-2756: Connaushton, Mary Stanislaus. The editorial opinion of the
Catholic telesraph of Cincinnati on convemporary affairs and politics
1871-1921, Washington, D.C, The Catholic university of America press,
1943. xxvii, 309 P, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E661 .C73
8. 44-8940:Muzzer, David Saville. America. Boston New York etc.], Ginn and
company, 19441. P. cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E712 .M8
9. 48-43240:London, Joan. Jack London (primer escritor proletario de
America) If Buenos Aires, S. Rueda, 19451. 364 P, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PS3523.046 Z7517
10. 52-3419:Bellot, Hush Hale. American history and American historians.
London], University of London, 1952. P. cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E175 .B44 1952
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11. 52-12131 Bellot, Hush Hale. American history and American historians.
Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 19521. P. cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E175 B44 1952a
12. 65-11898: Ginger, Ray. The nationalizins of American life, 1877-1900.
"
New York, Free Press, 19651. xii, 338 P, 21 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E661 .G5
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1. 01-34842:Clemens, Samuel Lanshorne. The silded ase. Hartford, Conn, The
American publishing company, 1901. 1 P, v]-xvi, 17-574 2 P. front.
illus. plates, 22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: D23.G59 08
2. 03-19529:Clemens, Samuel Lanshorne]. The gilded ase. Hartford, Conn,
American publishing company, 1888. xvi, 17-574, 2] P, front., illus.
plates, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PZ3.059 G
3. 03-19530:Clemens, Samuel Lanshorne]. The silded ase. London New York, G.
Routledse and sons, 1883. xxvii, 479 P, incl. front., illus, 19 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PZ3.C59 G
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4. 17-6111:Clemens, Samuel Lanshorne. The gilded ase; Hartford, American
publishing company, 1874. xvi, 17-574, 2] P, front., illus., plates, 23
cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PZ3.059 G2
5. 24-22206:Clemens, Samuel Lanshorne. The silded ase;. Hartford, Conn, The
American publishing company 1902. xvi, 17-574, 2] P, front., illus.,
plates, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PZ3.C59.G10
6. 28-1683: Clemens, Samuel Lanshorne]. The gilded ase; New York and London
7 Harper & brothers, 1915] 2 v. in 1, fronts., plates, 21 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PZ3.C59 G16
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1. 62-4932 Morris, Richard Brandon. The shaping of modern America, 1865-1914.
"
St. Louis, Webster Pub. Co, 19621. vi, 58 P, illus, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: HC106 .M77
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Doran & company, inc, 1939. 4 P. 1., 387 P, front. (port.), 22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PS3523.046 Z75
2. 68-5816:London, Joan. Jack London and his times. Seattle, University of
Washinston Press, 1968]. xvii, 385 P, port, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PS3523.046 Z75 1968
3. 71-499977:Hissins, Hush. Muckrakers to New Deal. London, Faber, 1969.
139 P, illus., facsim., map, ports, 19 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E743 .H57
4. 72-116065:Sievers, Harry Joseph. William McKinley, 1843-1901. Dobbs
Ferry, N.Y, Oceana Publications, 1970. 83 P, 24 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E711 .S55
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5. 78-83747:Wilson, Woodrow. Woodrow Wilson, 1856-1924. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y,
Oceana Publications, 1969. 123 P, 24 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E660 .W75
6. 79-54060:McClymer, John F. War and welfare. Westport, Conn, Greenwood
Press, c1980. xvi, 248 P., 22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: HV91 .M22
7. 86-81936: Growth and change. Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co, c1986.
iv, 188 P, ill., 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E742 .G76 1986
8. 88-12673:Headlines. San Francisco, Chronicle Books, c1988. P. cm.
CIP ABOUX NOT YET IN LC
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You have reached the end of the set that was being displayed.
***** ***** To display the same set again in brief format, type: DISPLAY
---------- To see a list of sets created 50 far in Your search and the
number of items in each set, type: HISTORY
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1. 39-33408:London, Joan. Jack London and his times. New York, Doubleday,
Doran & company, inc, 1939. 4 P. 1., 387 P, front. (port.), 22 Cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PS3523.046 Z75
2. 68-5816:London, Joan. Jack London and his times. Seattle, University of
Washington Press, 19681. xvii, 385 P, port, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PS3523.046 Z75 1968
3. 71-499977:Hissins, Hush. Muckrakers to New Deal. London, Faber, 1969.
139 P, illus., facsim., map, ports, 19 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E743 H57
4. 72-4449: DeNovo, John A. The Gilded age and after. New York, Scribner,
19721. 183 P, 21 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E661 .D37 1972
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5. 72-116065:Sievers, Harry Joseph. William McKinley, 1843-1901. Dobbs
Ferry, N.Y, Oceana Publications, 1970. 83 F, 24 Cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E711 . S55
6. 72-179744:Cammbell, A. E/(Alexander Elmslie). America comes of ase. London
7 (49 Poland St., W.1), BPC Unit 75, 1971. 128 P, illus. (some col.),
facsims., col. maps, ports, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E661 .C23 1971b
7. 72-196913:Thomas, Roy R. The prosressive era and World War I, 1896-1920.
Washington, 1972. ix, 63 P, 22 X 28 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: Z1244 T47
8. 75-35511:Morris, Richard Brandon. The United States as a New World power,
1867-1914 /. New York, Webster Division, MaGraw-Hill, c1976. 64 F, ill.
15 X 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E661 .M6 1976
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9. 78-83747:Wilson, Woodrow. Woodrow Wilson, 1856-1924. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y,
Oceana Publications, 1969. 123 P, 24 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E660 W75
10. 78-136174:Campbell, A. E/(Alexander Elmslie). America comes of ase. New
York], American Heritage Press, 19711. 127 P, illus. (part col.), col.
maps, ports, 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E661 .023 1971
11. 78-383605: Claudel. Actes /. Grenoble, Universite de Grenoble
III, 1977. 89 P., 26 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PQ2605.L2 Z688 1976
12. 79-54060:McClymer, John F. War and welfare. Westport, Conn, Greenwood
Press, c1980. xvi, 248 P., 22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: HV91 .M22
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13. 79-145131:Latane, John Holladar. America as a world Power 1897-1907.
St. Clair Shores, Mich, Scholarly Press, 1970 c1907]. xvi, 350 P, maps,
22 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E713 .L37
14. 81-16510:Wasenknecht, Edward. American profile, 1900-1909 /. Amherst,
University of Massachusetts Press, 1982. viii, 365 P, ill., 24 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E169.1 .W17 1982
15. 82-2297:Lesy, Michael. Bearins witness. New York, Pantheon Books, c1982.
XX, 171 P, chiefly ill., 32 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E661 .L66 1982
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16. 84-600384:Library of Consress. Motion Picture, Broadcastins, and Recorded
Sound Division. The Theodore Roosevelt Association film collection.
Washington, Library of Congress, For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S.
G.P.O, 1986. xxii, 263 P, ill., ports., 27 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E757 .L76 1986 ALSO Z663.36 T47 1986
17. 86-29782:Vidal, Gore. Empire. New York, Random House, c1987. 51, 486,
3] 25 CDD
LC CALL NUMBER: PS3543.126 E4 1987
18. 86-81936:Growth and change. Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co, c1986.
iv, 188 P, ill., 23 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: E742 .G76 1986
19. 87-162623:Vidal, Gore. Empire /. Franklin Center, Pa, Franklin Library,
1987. 16], 486, 13 P., 8] P. of plates, 1 ill., ports., 25 cm.
LC CALL NUMBER: PS3543.126 E4 1987b ALSO PS3543.126 E4 1987b
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20. 88-12673:Headlines. San Francisco, Chronicle Books, c1988. P. cm.
CIP - NOT YET IN LC
21. 89-9936:Stewart, Gail. 1900s /. New York, Crestwood House, 1989. P. cm.
CIP - NOT YET IN LC
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE:
12-15-89
FROM THE PRESIDENT
To:
Dave Demarest
cc: john Sumunu
Re: State of Union
L, Good research VIA interestin
2. I'd like to are If Sint could
thank about
shorter
not long list approach
Looking ta modern Times
let 's try
for less than 30 minutes
if ve can
think of something dramatic-even
shorter,
I'd like to have thought given to
a. written handout
b. speech on changes in the
would
foster change
not reklessly 'cut'
our "goal for the 90's'
Fulfilment of the Democratic Dream
Let's talk on this pre-Xmas.
GB
WASHINGTON
WHISPERS
Baker's bread. While the U.S. is playing
Baker cooks up
direct investment in the U.S. ($329 bil-
a secondary role in providing financial
lion) exceeded the total American-
help for the ailing economies of Eastern
Polish loan deal
owned assets abroad ($327 billion).
Europe, Secretary of State James Baker
Moreover, economists are predicting
hopes to counter criticism of American
that because the rate of increase in for-
stinginess by announcing a $300 million
Bush to push
eign investments in the U.S. is three
loan for Poland. Baker wants to wrap up
the arrangements in time for his address
Kemp housing plan
times that of American investments
overseas, when final totals become avail-
in Brussels this week to a group of 24
Czechoslovaks ponder
able in June, they will show that the
European governments that pool their
asset gap grew still wider in 1989. The
resources to coordinate financial assis-
fate of 'Red Berets'
outlook for 1990: More of the same.
tance to Poland. The money would help
tide over the Poles until early next year,
when new World Bank and Internation-
For or against terror? Western observers
al Monetary Fund loans are expected to
phers, threatened by the prospect of law-
are eagerly waiting to see what the new
become available.
suits by uncooperative subjects, say they
reform regime will do about the "Red
have had to exercise extreme caution in
Berets," the mysterious unit of the
quoting documents that the courts might
Czechoslovak secret police, supposedly
The right's stuff. Loans to revive the
consider private property. This month,
trained to foil terrorists. Diplomatic
Polish economy may run into stiff opposi-
two prominent writers' groups will join an
sources say it was the Red Berets who
tion from U.S. conservatives. Casting
appeal, which was filed recently, asking
launched the bloody November 17 attack
about for post-cold-war themes to stir the
the High Court to review the Salinger
on student demonstrators that triggered
political energies-and contributions-of
precedent. The new case involves a biog-
the successive waves of protest that even-
the right wing, Richard Viguerie, longtime
rapher of L. Ron Hubbard, founder of
tually brought down the hard-line re-
champion at loosening purse strings via the
the Church of Scientology, who wants to
gime. Adding to the doubts about the Red
mails, believes he has found a new slogan:
quote from Hubbard's unpublished writ-
Berets' future is the widespread belief
Don't bail out the Bolsheviks! Viguerie,
that the secret police-who sponsor the
whose appeals in the past 24 years have
elite unit housed in luxurious barracks
produced tens of millions of dollars for
surrounded by high walls on the outskirts
right-wing causes, plans to send out a series
of the capital-have been deeply involved
of letters seeking a war chest to finance a
in aiding terrorists. Intelligence sources
campaign to defeat prospective U.S. loans
believe that the secret police have long
o faltering Communist economies.
provided Mideastern terrorist gangs with
training, safe havens and technical assis-
tance as well as arms, including quanti-
Kemp follower. In next month's state-of-
ties of Semtex, the Czechoslovak-made
he-union message, George Bush will
plastic explosive that downed Pan Am
ive a major push to the housing-reform
Flight 103 a year ago in Scotland.
ackage put together by Jack Kemp,
ecretary of Housing and Urban Devel-
pment. Kemp's program emphasizes
Good-neighbor policy. Who is George
etting money directly to homeowners,
Bush's favorite among the 85 foreign
hurch groups, and nonprofit communi-
leaders with whom he has conferred
organizations, instead of to private
since becoming President? Canadians
evelopers. Originally, Bush unveiled
have a candidate: Brian Mulroney, their
e program, the administration's major
Prime Minister for the past five years.
tipoverty initiative, in a speech in Dal-
Not only has Mulroney met with Bush
S in November. Unhappily for the
TAYLOR JONES FOR USN&WR
on five occasions since the inauguration
resident, and for Kemp, the speech was
but the two have talked a dozen times by
ershadowed by the news of the
phone in that period. Indeed, before
eaching of the Berlin Wall. Now, with
Reclusive author J.D. Salinger
Bush flew off to the Malta summit, he
new send-off from the President,
Catcher in the courts
dined privately for 3 hours with Mul-
emp, who has an enormous reservoir
roney, who had just returned from see-
good will on Capitol Hill among his
ings. In preparing the Hubbard appeal,
ing Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow. Ot-
mer colleagues, is confident of win-
attorneys for the author cite the "enor-
tawa is impressed not only by what it
g "85 to 90 percent of our package."
mous impact" the Salinger case has had
sees as Bush's grasp of the issues affect-
on publishing and scholarship.
ing U.S.-Canadian relations but by his
commitment to tight controls on acid
, Salinger precedent. The Supreme
rain, which is the item of greatest imme-
urt will soon be asked to overturn a
More of the same. Early estimates indi-
diate importance to Canadians, especial-
cedent, stemming from a controversial
cate that the selling of American assets
ly in view of the attitude of Bush's pre-
37 lower-court ruling upholding the
continued this year at the same record
decessor. Canadians say that despite
ht of J. D. Salinger, the author and
pace as in 1988. That year, for the first
Ronald Reagan's assertions to the con-
brated recluse, to prevent a biogra-
time in this century, the total of foreign
trary, they never were quite able to
r from quoting from his unpublished
shake his faith in the notion that trees
ers. Since then, scholars and biogra-
Edited by Charles Fenyvesi
indirectly produce acid rain.
NEWS & WORLD REPORT, Dec. 18, 1989
15
LBJ.
FDR
69 = 4800
45- - 9541
66 - 6678
44- 4321
65 - 6042
43- 502
64 - 3657
42- 3516
4/- 3516
JFK-
40- 3625
63 - 6996
39- 4515
62 - 7950
38- 5278
61 - 6360
37- 1908
36- 5088
IKE - 61 - 8904
35- 4706
60 - 6837
34 - 3816
59 - 6360
Carter: '78- - 5152
58 - 6360
79-
3046
WRITTEN-22,898
5
81 - WRITTEN -35,000
57 - 2544
56 - 9858
FORD
55 - 8713
54 - 7822
77 - 56c
53 - 8976
HARRY T. 53 - 12020
52 - 5935
51 - 4611
RR*;
50 - 5660
1982 5209
49- - 4070
83 5611
84 5060
48- - 6201
85 4345
47- - 7473
46 - 24804
86 3366
87 3771
88 4812
NIXON! '70 - 4700
*
PerMoeN - MORN -
'72 - 5 4,540
7
21,000 WRITTEN
1/21/72
'74 - 5,905
STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGE
A record of who gave the Annual Message to Congress each year,
with special attention to transition years.
1989
1988
Ronald Reagan
1/25/88
D
1987
"
II
1/27/87
D
1986
"
"
2/4/86
D
1985
"
"
2/6/85
D
1984
"
If
1/25/84
-
43
D
1983
"
"
1/25/83 45min
D
1982
"
"
1/26/82 -45min
D
1981
Jimmy Carter (o)
1/16/81
M
1.
1980.
"
"
1/23/80
31min.
D
1979
"
"
1/23/79
32
min
D
1978
"
"
1/19/78
50-min
D
1977
Gerald Ford (o)
1/12/77
D 2.
1976
II
11
1/19/76 50-mm
D
1975
"
"
1/15/75
D
1974
Richard Nixon
1/30/74 45min
D
1973
"
"
2/2/73-3/14/73
M
3.
1972
"
"
1/20/72 30-min
D
1971
"
"
1/22/71
D
1970
"
11
1/22/70 36-min
D
1969
Lyndon Johnson (0)
1/14/69
So
minutes
D
1968
"
"
1/17/68
D
1967
"
"
1/10/67
D
1966
"
"
1/12/66
D
1965
"
"
1/4/65
D
1964
"
"
1/8/64
D
1963
John Kennedy
1/14/63
D
1962
"
"
1/11/62
D
1961
Dwight Eisenhower (0)/John Kennedy (I) 1/12/61 / 1/30/61
M / D
1960
"
"
1/7/60
D
1959
"
"
1/9/59
D
1958
"
"
1/9/58
D
1957
"
"
1/10/57
D
1956
"
"
1/5/56
(D⁴.)
1955
"
"
1/6/55
D
1954
"
"
1/7/54
D
1953
Harry S. Truman (0)/Dwight Eisenhower (I) 1/7/53 / 2/2/53
(M5.)/D
1. Ronald Reagan addressed a Joint Session on his Program for
Economic Recovery on 2/18/81.
2. Jimmy Carter made a "Report to the American People" from the
White House Library on 2/2/77.
3. Richard Nixon sent a series of six messages to Congress on the
3/14/73. State of the Union on 2/2/73,2/15/73,2/22/73,3/1/73,3/8/73,and
4. Eisenhower's message was read before a Joint Session by a clerk
of the House of Representatives.
5. Truman's message was read aloud by clerks in both houses of Congress.
Codes
D=Delivered in person before a Joint Session of Congress
M=Message sent to Congress
I=Incoming president
0=Outgoing president
underlined dates=Transition years
See also notes (superscript numerals) at end
J. Cragg 8/88
STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGE
A record of who gave the Annual Message to Congress each year,
with special attention to transition years.
1989
1988
Ronald Reagan
1/25/88
41
D
1987
II
"
1/27/87
D
1986
"
"
2/4/86
D
1985
"
II
2/6/85
D
1984
"
"
1/25/84 - 43
D
1983
"
"
1/25/83 45min
D
1982
"
"
1/26/82
D
1981
Jimmy Carter (0)
1/16/81
M
1.
1980.
If
"
1/23/80
D
1979
"
"
1/23/79
32
min
D
1978
"
"
1/19/78
50-min
min
D
1977
Gerald Ford (o)
1/12/77
D
2.
1976
"
II
1/19/76 50-mm
D
1975
"
"
1/15/75
D
1974
Richard Nixon
1/30/74 45min
D
1973
"
"
2/2/73-3/14/73
M
3.
1972
"
"
1/20/72 30-min
D
1971
"
"
1/22/71
D
1970
"
"
1/22/70 36-min
D
1969
Lyndon Johnson (0)
1/14/69
So minutes
D
1968
"
"
1/17/68
D
1967
"
"
1/10/67
D
1966
"
11
1/12/66
D
1965
11
"
1/4/65
D
1964
"
"
1/8/64
D
1963
John Kennedy
1/14/63
D
1962
11
"
1/11/62
D
1961
Dwight Eisenhower (0)/John Kennedy (I) 1/12/61 / 1/30/61
M / D
1960
11
"
1/7/60
D
1959
"
"
1/9/59
D
1958
II
"
1/9/58
D
1957
"
"
1/10/57
D
1956
"
"
1/5/56
(D⁴.)
1955
"
11
1/6/55
D
1954
"
"
1/7/54
D
1953
Harry S. Truman (0)/Dwight Eisenhower (I) 1/7/53 / 2/2/53
(M5.)/D
1. Ronald Reagan addressed a Joint Session on his Program for
Economic Recovery on 2/18/81.
2. Jimmy Carter made a "Report to the American People" from the
White House Library on 2/2/77.
3. Richard Nixon sent a series of six messages to Congress on the
State of the Union on 2/2/73,2/15/73,2/22/73,3/1/73,3/8/73,and
3/14/73.
4. Eisenhower's message was read before a Joint Session by a clerk
of the House of Representatives.
5. Truman's message was read aloud by clerks in both houses of Congress.
Codes
D=Delivered in person before a Joint Session of Congress
M=Message sent to Congress
I=Incoming president
0=Outgoing president
underlined dates=Transition years
See also notes (superscript numerals) at end
J. Cragg 8/88
Providence Journal-Bulletin
11/20/89
The managerial President
NE useful measure of George
shrewd, effective legislative strategies.
Bush's inaugural year as Presi-
PHILIP TERZIAN
His devotion to diplomacy has reduced
dent, and its relative success, is
the number of photo ops, but has given
the pettiness of the criticism the White
tions of the Reagan years - reducing
the United States new luster among our
House hears. I say 'relative' since 12
the Great Society to manageable propor-
allies. His "kinder, gentler' persona may
months is not very long in the life of a
tions, guaranteeing peace by maintain-
send Garry Trudeau into paroxysms of
presidency; and I count the year from
ing strength - George Bush represented
bile, but it has translated into something
November since it could be reasonably
an emblem of consistency There is little
approaching public affection. John Ken-
argued that the last six months of the
evidence that the electorate has become
nedy may have been the sporty cousin,
Reagan administration were the first six
disenchanted with the policy conver-
and Ronald Reagan the foxy grandpa;
months of the Bush administration.
sions of the 1980s. People might have
but when the courtly, awkward uncle
I also use the word 'pettiness' advis-
grown slightly weary of Ronald and
rates a 70 in the polls, that's nothing to
edly: Those who have ever moaned
Nancy Reagan, but then again, the last
sneeze at in the science of modern poli-
about style and substance can't Ingically
two-term President was first elected in
tics.
mourn the absence of charisma. And
1952. There was no shift last year, there
is no movement now, towards the path
Of course, to some degree, George
those who have complained about our
Bush has been fortunate: With the slow
national malaise are probably churlish
plainly charted by the Democratic plat-
about losing the sweepstakes.
form.
disintegration of the empire, he is
But candidate George Bush did Inti-
harvesting the crop that his predecessor
For neither Willie Horton nor Mi-
planted. And who would have guessed
chael Dukakis elected George Bush to
mate certain changes in direction, in em-
that the Democratic leadership on Capi-
the White House. Those two volatile ele-
phasis, and in tone.
tol Hill would be wounded and disabled
ments didn't hurt him, of course: but
After eight years of what the Tower
even if Willie Horton had never been pa-
commission politely referred to as Mr.
by old-fashioned corruption? Congress-
Reagan's "managerial style," Mr. Bush
ional opposition has been scattershot and
roled, or if the Democrats had fielded a
stronger nominee any suggestions? -
proclaimed himself to be a "shake-me-
petulant, and the Democratic Party as a
national institution still seems not to
the American people tended to vote for
and-wake-me" President, and so he has
proved to be. It has been some time since
comprehend what hit it last year
Mr. Bush and not against his opponent.
That's a fundamental truth about the
anyone complained about those long in-
As of this morning, George Bush has
electorate, and one that is often lost in
tervals between White House press con
outmaneuvered his detractors, disarmed
the Bill Moyers world of explaining ev-
ferences: Mr. Bush seems actually to rel-
his adversaries, disproved conventional
erything through television, or the Ar-
Ish the dialogue - although, it should be
wisdom, stolen thunder, territory, atten-
thur Schlesinger notion of the decline of
admitted, confrontations with the Wash-
tion and initiative. He has yet to be
civilization, American-style. People did
ington press corps aren't much challen's
scarred by catastrophe or scandal. The
not vote for George Bush because they
to the intellect.
President is disinclined to dive in head
were hypnotized into doing so; they vot-
Moreover, while his touch may not
first, and no one has drowned in a quag.
ed for him because he represented the
always be indelible, it is certainly evi-
mir of bis making.
sort of President they wished to have,
dent in everything that's been done.
It is an article of faith among the
and his opponent did not.
James Baker is not the vicar of foreign
President's loudest critics that George
The question is whether there is
policy; Nicholas Brady isn't the econom-
much difference between what candi-
Ic czar. George Bush runs the show.
Bush has yet to be tested in crisis. Well,
if crises are the means by which Presi-
date Bush promised in 1988 and what
This managerial presidency has
dents are judged, it is true that no Bay of
President Bush has delivered in 1989.
broadened the scope of the man who
Pigs has yet taken place. But is that de-
And the answer is: Not much.
holds the office. Mr. Bush's environmen-
liberate, or an accident? Every day in the
On the broad ideological presump-
tal leanings have been fashioned into
White House isa crisis of sorts.
Preface
The first clause of Article II, Section 3, of the Constitution provides the
starting point for Presidential leadership in legislation-"He shall from
time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the
Union." Through custom, "from time to time" became annually and
from George Washington to Lyndon Johnson, the "information of the
state of the Union" also included recommendations, observations, and
advice. These messages have become, as Charles Beard observed, "the
one great public document of the United States which is widely read
and discussed. Congressional debates receive scant notice, but the
President's message is ordinarily printed in full in nearly every metro-
politan daily, and is the subject of general editorial comment through-
out the length and breadth of the land. It stirs the country: it often
affects Congressional elections; and it may establish grand policy."
While the style and content and even the manner of delivery have
varied, the State of the Union messages tell dramatically the tribula-
tions of a growing nation. Compiled and indexed for the first time,
these documents present a sweeping view of American history as seen
12.77 MEB
through the writings of the Presidents of the United States.
In 1839 the New York publishing firm of McLean and Taylor
issued a 632 page volume containing the first compilation of the an-
nual, special, and veto messages, proclamations and inaugural addresses
of the Presidents through Van Buren's second State of the Union.
Revisions, supplements and other editions followed sporadically. In
1894 Congress authorized the printing of 6000 copies of the Presidents'
public papers. Under the editorship of Congressman James D. Richard-
son of Tennessee, the ten volume series Messages and Papers of the
Presidents 1789-1897 appeared between 1896 and 1899. Successive edi-
tions of Richardson brought the compilation through the Coolidge
administration. Collections of the public papers of the Presidents from
Hoover to Johnson have been published in separate Presidential series.
In these three volumes we have compiled and indexed the full texts of
the 178 State of the Union messages. These documents comprise a year-
Steinberg & Robert Hector
by-year chronicle of the nation's history. No other Presidential paper
@ Card Number: 66-20309
is as consistently comprehensive in coverage and analysis. of major
States of America
events and trends in the nation's history.
Volume One begins with Washington's State of the Union address,
read before Congress on January 8, 1790, and concludes with Buchan-
an's fourth message of December 3, 1860. Washington presided over a
new nation forged out of revolution. In seeking to fix the idea of
Union, he datelined his address "United States" rather than New
York, the capital city. Buchanan, on the other hand, presided over a
country tottering on the verge of disintegration. Seventy years of
national successes and failures separate the two men. Running through
these messages is the theme of the growth of Presidential power as well
as the transformation of thirteen states into a mighty republic. Evi-
dent here, almost with the fatalism of a Greek tragedy, are issues push-
ing the nation toward the brink of self-destruction. Washington's
faith in America sharply contrasts with Buchanan's pessimism. The
messages and addresses of the Presidents presented in this volume form
a cohesive pattern, which illustrates, among other things, why the
conquest of a continent and the emergence of an Atlantic power re-
sulted not in the fulfillment of Washington's hopes but in Civil War.
Fred L. Israel
The City College of New York
April 1966
e other hand, presided over. a
sintegration. Seventy years of
the two men. Running through
h of Presidential power as well
S into a mighty republic. Evi-
Greek tragedy, are issues push-
self-destruction. Washington's
h Buchanan's pessimism. The
presented in this volume form
Contents
among other things, why the
ence of an Atlantic power re-
gton's hopes but in Civil War.
Prefatory Note
V
Introduction
xiii
Fred L. Israel
GEORGE WASHINGTON (First Term) 1789-1793
First Annual Message
2
Second Annual Message
4
Third Annual Message
7
Fourth Annual Message
I2
GEORGE WASHINGTON (Second Term) 1793-1797
Fifth Annual Message
17
Sixth Annual Message
21
Seventh Annual Message
27
Eighth Annual Message
31
JOHN ADAMS 1797-1801
First Annual Message
40
Second Annual Message
44
Third Annual Message
49
Fourth Annual Message
52
THOMAS JEFFERSON (First Term) 1801-1805
First Annual Message
58
Second Annual Message
64
Third Annual Message
68
Fourth Annual Message
73
THOMAS JEFFERSON (Second Term) 1805-1809
Fifth Annual Message
77
Sixth Annual Message
83
Seventh Annual Message
89
Eighth Annual Message
94
JAMES MADISON (First Term) 1809-1813
First Annual Message
102
Second Annual Message
105
Third Annual Message
III
Fourth Annual Message
115
JAMES MADISON (Second Term) 1813-1817
Fifth Annual Message
I22
Sixth Annual Message
129
Seventh Annual Message
133
Eighth Annual Message
140
JAMES MONROE (First Term) 1817-1821
First Annual Message
148
Second Annual Message
15⁶
Third Annual Message
165
Fourth Annual Message
174
n) 1801-1805
JAMES MONROE (Second Term) 1821-1825
58
Fifth Annual Message
181
64
Sixth Annual Message
192
68
Seventh Annual Message
202 Monwhane
73
Eighth Annual Message
214
m) 1805-1809
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS 1825-1829
77
First Annual Message
232
83
Second Annual Message
249
89
Third Annual Message
264
94
Fourth Annual Message
278
1809-1813
ANDREW JACKSON (First Term) 1829-1833
IO2
First Annual Message
294
105
Second Annual Message
314
III
Third Annual Message
344
115
Fourth Annual Message
358
1813-1817
ANDREW JACKSON (Second Term) 1833-1837
I22
Fifth Annual Message
373
129
Sixth Annual Message
389
133
Seventh Annual Message
415
140
Eighth Annual Message
445
1817-1821
MARTIN VAN BUREN 1837-1841
148
First Annual Message
472
156
Second Annual Message
494
165
Third Annual Message
517
174
Fourth Annual Message
543
WILLIAM H. HARRISON
March 4 to April 4, 1841
(Died prior to delivering any Annual Messages)
JOHN TYLER
April 4, 1841 to March 4, 1845
First Annual Message
566
Second Annual Message
581
Third Annual Message
598
Fourth Annual Message
613
JAMES K. POLK 1845-1849
First Annual Message
634
Second Annual Message
664
Third Annual Message
699
Fourth Annual Message
731
ZACHARY TAYLOR
March 5, 1849 to July 9, 1850
First Annual Message
774
MILLARD FILLMORE
July 10, 1850 to March 4, 1853
First Annual Message
792
Second Annual Message
808
Third Annual Message
834
FRANKLIN PIERCE 1853-1857
First Annual Message
856
Second Annual Message
875
RISON
Third Annual Message
895
, 1841
Fourth Annual Message
918
Innual Messages)
JAMES BUCHANAN 1857-1861
R
First Annual Message
942
h 4, 1845
Second Annual Message
969
566
Third Annual Message
1001
581
Fourth Annual Message
1025
598
613
345-1849
634
664
699
731
LOR
/ 9, 1850
774
MORE
h 4, 1853
792
808
834
1853-1857
856
875
Preface
Volume II begins with Lincoln's eloquent defense of the Union and
concludes with Theodore Roosevelt's justification of his expansionist
philosophy. Lincoln's compact essays contain an average of 8,000 words
while Roosevelt's discourses approximate 22,000 words. Both Lincoln
and Roosevelt spoke about a positive presidency. "I suppose I have a
right to take any measure which may best subdue the enemy," Lin-
coln told Chicago friends. And his annual messages to Congress ade-
quately illustrate his concept of strong executive authority. Theodore
Roosevelt recorded how he considered himself "a steward of the people
bound actively and affirmatively to do all he could for the people, and
not to content himself with the negative merit of keeping his talents
undamaged in a napkin." Roosevelt used his messages to assert and
defend his Presidential leadership in foreign and domestic affairs. In
the generation which separates these two men, the United States passed
through the trying Reconstruction period and forged ahead to the
front rank of the manufacturing nations. The new age brought with it
all the hazards posed by a mechanized society and raised fundamental
questions for a democracy. In foreign affairs, the United States, by the
turn of the century, had taken its place as a world power.
It is generally assumed that the men who occupied the White
House from the end of Reconstruction to the twentieth century
appeared to ignore the major problems inherent in an industrial
society that had subjugated a vast continent. To the contrary, the texts
of the messages clearly illustrate that the Presidents made specific rec-
ommendations to Congress on a multitude of issues. The Index at the
end of Volume III underscores the range of Presidential concern: civil
service, internal improvements, tariff reform, agriculture, land sales,
conservation, Indian relations, banking and currency reforms, educa-
tion, immigration, plus scores of other detailed domestic issues. In for-
eign affairs, a grandiose Pacific policy emerges-a two ocean navy, the
purchase of Alaska, coaling stations in Hawaii, trade with the Far East,
and an Isthmian canal. In the Caribbean the United States continued
to uphold the Monroe Doctrine, adding to it the spirit of "manifest
destiny." For all practical purposes American isolationism ended as
trade now extended to all parts of the world.
I Steinberg & Robert Hector
The years 1861 to 1904 are marked by a new American conscious-
que Card Number: 66-20309
ness-the consciousness of national pride and strength. At the turn of
ed States of America
the century Americans could look back to a generation of progress
unparalleled in history.
Fred L. Israel
Contents
Prefatory Note
V
ABRAHAM LINCOLN (First Term) 1861-1865
First Annual Message
1054
Second Annual Message
1068
Third Annual Message
1084
Fourth Annual Message
1097
ABRAHAM LINCOLN (Second Term)
March 4, 1865 to April 15, 1865
(Assassinated prior to delivering any Annual Messages)
ANDREW JOHNSON
April 15, 1865 to March 4, 1869
First Annual Message
III2
Second Annual Message
II29
Third Annual Message
II44
Fourth Annual Message
1167
ULYSSES S. GRANT (First Term) 1869-1873
First Annual Message
1188
Second Annual Message
1203
Third Annual Message
I220
Fourth Annual Message
1233
ULYSSES S. GRANT (Second Term) 1873-1877
Fifth Annual Message
1254
Sixth Annual Message
1275
Seventh Annual Message
1294
Eighth Annual Message
1318
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES 1877-1881
First Annual Message
1334
Second Annual Message
1355
Third Annual Message
1371
Fourth Annual Message
1395
JAMES A. GARFIELD
March 4, 1881 to September 19, 1881
(Assassinated prior to delivering any Annual Messages)
CHESTER A. ARTHUR
September 19, 1881 to March 4, 1885
First Annual Message
1424
Second Annual Message
1452
Third Annual Message
1474
Fourth Annual Message
1492
GROVER CLEVELAND 1885-1889
First Annual Message
1514
Second Annual Message
1555
Third Annual Message
1587
I220
Fourth Annual Message
1598
1233
BENJAMIN HARRISON 1889-1893
'erm) 1873-1877
First Annual Message
1628
1254
Second Annual Message
1653
1275
Third Annual Message
1676
1294
Fourth Annual Message
1708
1318
GROVER CLEVELAND 1893-1897
1877-1881
First Annual Message
1736
1334
Second Annual Message
1762
1355
Third Annual Message
1794
1371
Fourth Annual Message
1824
1395
WILLIAM McKINLEY (First Term) 1897-1901
LD
First Annual Message
1858
19, 1881
Second Annual Message
1881
Annual Messages)
Third Annual Message
1922
Fourth Annual Message
1971
UR
14, 1885
WILLIAM McKINLEY (Second Term)
1424
March 4, 1901 to September 14, 1901
1452
(Assassinated prior to delivering any Annual Messages)
1474
1492
THEODORE ROOSEVELT (First Term)
September 14, 1901 to March 4, 1905
85-1889
First Annual Message
2014
1514
Second Annual Message
2053
1555
Third Annual Message
2073
1587
Fourth Annual Message
2105
Preface
Volume III begins with Theodore Roosevelt's fifth annual message and
concludes with Lyndon Johnson's third. At the turn of the century
Presidents Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson were concerned about the grow-
ing trusts and how the Republic could cope with the formidable prob-
lems posed by the widening disparity between the rich and the poor. The
rapid growth of cities and surging tides of immigration increased the
class tensions of a society plunging into industrialization. But the advent
of World War I temporarily arrested the reform impulse. In his second
State of the Union message delivered on December 8, 1914, Wilson
promised that "we will not ask our young men to spend the best years
of their lives making soldiers of themselves." The following year, how-
ever, the President called for "more adequate national defense" includ-
ing "a force of four hundred thousand disciplined citizens." And by
1917, the war, which the United States had now entered, became
according to Wilson, "just and holy." Wilson had spoken of a new day
dawning for democracy but the harsh realities of the peace treaties
embittered many. The "just and holy" conflict was followed by a sharp
election repudiation of Wilsonian idealism. After being involved in a
horrible war, the nation had grown tired of crusades to "make the
world safe for democracy." Presidents Harding and Coolidge con-
centrated on domestic affairs and the "return to normalcy." Their
State of the Union messages stressed economy in government and tax
reductions. "The wealth of our country is not public wealth," said
Coolidge, "but private wealth.
No right exists to levy on a dollar,
or to order the expenditure of a dollar of the money of the people,
except for a necessary purpose duly authorized by the Constitution."
President Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt's early messages are devoted
to plans for ending the economic depression which began when the bot-
tom dropped from the stock market in October 1929. Roosevelt's vigor-
ous assertion of national leadership sharply contrasts with Hoover's
statement that "economic depression cannot be cured by legislative
action or Executive pronouncement." Roosevelt's concern over domes-
tic problems, however, is overshadowed by the coming of World War II.
For three years American servicemen fought to defeat the Axis powers
in Europe, Africa, and Asia. The war had required a mighty effort and
the nation successfully met the challenge. The difficulties of transition
from the controlled economy of war to the relatively free economy of
Steinberg & Robert Hector
peace were many. President Truman's messages impressively deal with
Card Number: 66-20309
his attempts to continue the work of Roosevelt in the domestic field
States of America
while constructively helping the rest of the world to restore peace,
stability, and freedom. The dilemma of living in a land of plenty and
a world of peril engage the messages of Eisenhower, Kennedy, and
Johnson. At home, these presidents were concerned with using the
national affluence to insure realization of the American dream and
abroad they acknowledged the command of Isaiah to undo the heavy
burdens and let the oppressed go free.
My colleague Dr. James Watts, Jr. assisted me in preparing the
comprehensive index at the end of this volume. I am deeply grateful to
Dr. Watts, and I wish also to thank Mary F. McCarthy for her editorial
and proofreading help and Jack Oppenheim for his encouraging sup-
port. We have sought to include every significant event and policy in our
nation's history. It is our hope that this index, conceptual and analytic,
will offer firm guidelines toward understanding the growth of the nation
as seen through the annual reports of the Presidents of the United States.
I wish to express our special appreciation to the New York Public
Library for its help with official documents and for the cooperation of
its Photographic Division in processing much of the material in the
Third Volume.
Fred L. Israel
were concerned with using the
n of the American dream and
nd of Isaiah to undo the heavy
r. assisted me in preparing the
Contents
volume. I am deeply grateful to
ry F. McCarthy for her editorial
nheim for his encouraging sup-
gnificant event and policy in our
Prefatory Note
V
; index, conceptual and analytic,
tanding the growth of the nation
e Presidents of the United States.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT (Second Term) 1905-1909
ciation to the New York Public
Fifth Annual Message
2144
ents and for the cooperation of
Sixth Annual Message
2194
g much of the material in the
Seventh Annual Message
2240
Eighth Annual Message
2296
Fred L. Israel
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT 1909-1913
First Annual Message
2338
Second Annual Message
2369
Third Annual Message
2432
Fourth Annual Message
2486
WOODROW WILSON (First Term) 1913-1917
First Annual Message
2544
Second Annual Message
2551
Third Annual Message
2560
Fourth Annual Message
2575
WOODROW WILSON (Second Term) 1917-1921
Fifth Annual Message
2580
Sixth Annual Message
2587
Seventh Annual Message
2598
Eighth Annual Message
2608
WARREN G. HARDING
March 4, 1921 to August 2, 1923
First Annual Message
2616
Second Annual Message
2628
CALVIN COOLIDGE (First Term)
August 3, 1923 to March 4, 1925
First Annual Message
2642
Second Annual Message
2655
CALVIN COOLIDGE (Second Term)
March 4, 1925 to March 4, 1929
Third Annual Message
2669
Fourth Annual Message
2690
Fifth Annual Message
2710
Sixth Annual Message
2727
HERBERT C. HOOVER 1929-1933
First Annual Message
27+6
Second Annual Message
2772
Third Annual Message
2783
Fourth Annual Message
2795
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT (First Term) 1933-1937
First Annual Message
2806
Second Annual Message
2811
ge
2598
Third Annual Message
2819
=
2608
Fourth Annual Message
2827
ARDING
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT (Second Term) 1937-1941
agust 2, 1923
Fifth Annual Message
2833
2616
Sixth Annual Message
2842
?
2628
Seventh Annual Message
2849
Eighth Annual Message
2855
i (First Term)
arch 4, 1925
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT (Third Term) 1941-1945
2642
Ninth Annual Message
2861
2655
Tenth Annual Message
2867
Eleventh Annual Message
2875
2882
(Second Term)
Twelfth Annual Message
arch 4, 1929
2669
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT (Fourth Term)
2690
January 20, 1945 to April 12, 1945
2710
(Died prior to delivering any Annual Messages)
2727
HARRY S. TRUMAN (First Term)
ER 1929-1933
April 12, 1945 to January 20, 1949
27+6
First Annual Message
2900
Second Annual Message
2939
2772
2783
Third Annual Message
2951
Fourth Annual Message
2961
2795
First Term) 1933-1937
HARRY S. TRUMAN (Second Term) 1949-1953
2806
Fifth Annual Message
2967
2811
Sixth Annual Message
2976
Seventh Annual Message
2984
Eighth Annual Message
2993
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (First Term) 1953-1957
First Annual Message
3012
Second Annual Message
3026
Third Annual Message
3038
Fourth Annual Message
3052
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (Second Term) 1957-1961
Fifth Annual Message
3068
Sixth Annual Message
3076
Seventh Annual Message
3086
Eighth Annual Message
3096
Ninth Annual Message
3107
JOHN F. KENNEDY
January 20, 1961 to November 22, 1963
First Annual Message
3122
Second Annual Message
3132
Third Annual Message
3144
LYNDON B. JOHNSON
November 22, 1963-
First Annual Message
3156
Second Annual Message
3161
Third Annual Message
3171
Index
3183
THE NEW YORK TIMES. FRIDAY, JANUARY 23. 1970
L
23
CALL
Nixon Pledges War on Pollution in His State of Union Message
LLFUL
Continued
From
Page
1,
Col.
8
phrases
and
revised
old
ones
commitment
to
the
fight
programs, improved the effi- to enhance our planet as a
in his text.
against pollution.
ciency of its management and place hospitable to man."
in a real sense, 50 per cent
Relaxed
and
composed.
he
Questions were also naised
acquired
the
courage
to
jetti-
The crucial point, he stressed,
pecifics
better
off,
50
per
cent
happier?"
was
met
in
the
House
chamber
about the basis for Mr. Nixon'sison old programs that proved
was whether the nation's old
commitment to industrial ex.
oals
To insure an affirmative an by a warm ovation, delivered
assertion
that
the
inflation
of
to
be
ineffective
even
if
they
the 1960's was the worst In
pansion would be tempered
swer, hr asked the country to the address rapidly and was
were politically popular.
henceforth with a fresh recog-
follow him down a "new road Interrupted by polite applause
100 years; generally-used fig.
"At
heart,
the
issue
is
thermition of the consequences of
FY
and offered, in a speech largely
ures suggest that the increase
26 times from the chamber
effectiveness of Government.' expansion. Time and again he
avoiding
specifies,
the
following
III pricessituring the forties was
floor. His wife and family, in-
he asserted at one point. A fewreturned to the theme that hap-
substantially larger.
general proposals:
moments
later,
he
declared:
22
piness was not to be found
cluding his son-in-law. David
of the
"IA
five-year.
$10-billion
pro-
Unlike his Democratic pred.
Eisenhower, watched from the
"It is time to quit putting
either in personal economic
ecessors, Mr. Nixon mentioned
good money into bad programs.
wealth or in the economic in-
lely re-
gram-partly financed by the
galleries.
the problems of the Negro and
Federal Government-to build
Otherwise, we will end up with
dicators of government.
oday as
Although he summoned his
waste treatment plants and thus
questions of civil rights only in
bad money and bad programs.
"We can be the best clothed,
h that
Congressional audience to ad-
attack water pollution.
passing. Instead of addressing
In a similar vem, he prom-
best fed. best housed people in
dress the problems of the age
ground
4A variety of additional
himself to the difficulties of
ised to share power with the
the world, enjoying clean air,
in a nonpartisan spirit, the
issues
weapons - including research,
any spe the group in American
speech was not without over-
states and cities even in those
clean water, beautiful parks,
Con-
incentives, and "new regula-
tones of partisanship The is
society he talked of problems
programs requiring Federal
but." her and, "we could still be
resist
and
reverse
sues to which he devoted heave
that tout all races and all
leadership. He said he would
the unhappiest people III the
contamination
of
the
environ-
est emphasis-crime, inflation,
jelasses, These Inded infla
world without an indefinable
Demo-
depend upon the wisdom of lo
as 1111-
ment.
and
pollution-were
the
overerowding
and
the
spirit the lift of a driving
cal governments to help him
strus
4A
doubling
expenditures
ones
had
steady
of
dream which has made Ameri-
of
Democratic
strategists
etosion
the
country's
in his scheme to achieve better
will
in
the
coming
year
natural
ea from ITS beginning the hope
fiscal
Dicounted on most 10 retain their
environment.
balance between rural and ut
of the world."
form
light crime.
Congressional strength In the
The solutions he offered to
ban areas.
mge-
4A continuing effort to airest
November elections
these and other
"Our ognition of the truth
According to informed soun
wking
the rising cost of hving by 10.
On
occasion.
Mr.
NIXON
were not always onventionally
that wealth and happiness are
in the Administration, even his'
Prest-
during
unnecessary
expendt-
obhquely accused his Demo Republic an solutions, Although
not the same thing requires us
$10-billion, five-year waste
nt all
tures and climinating ineffective.
he
10
hunself
measure
success
or
failure
ratie predecessors of leaving
pledged
to
a
bal-
treatment
program
will
call
" land
by
new
criteria."
he
added.
programs.
the
nation's
ills
unattended,
anced budget, dedicated hum-
ade.
"IA renewed push to win Con-
for only $4-billion in direct Not unexpectedly, Mr. Nixon
allowing the institutions of gov.
self
anew
10
achieving
law
and
Federal
spending
and
leave
gressional approval of twol
took
care
to
identify
his
con-
1.
Re.
einnent
to
deray
and
of
per
old
sumpaign
theme
much
of
the
responsibility
for
major programs submitted last
cerns
with
some
of
the
con-
as
mitting
the
economy
to
grow
-and
asserted
at
one
point
raising the additional funds and
cerns
of
year welfare reform and a
youth,
particularly
the
done
becked.
that "human rights" meant ht.
program to share Federal tax
managing the program to the
issue of the environment.
tune
"Thd
decade
of
the
sixties
when divorced from "prop-
revenues with the states and
states and municipalities.
Sena-
was also .1 period of great city rights," he accepted and
"The great question of the
cities.
In a speech heavily philo-
growth economically," he de indeed encouraged the propo
seventies," he said, "Is: Shall
anta.
rader,
"IA commitment to develop
in
Sophical in tone as well as
sub
lared,
adding
"But
that
we surrender to our surround-
sition
that
many
problems
a "national growth polu y" that
stance, Mr. Nixon deer
the
ings or shall we make peace
perch
same 10-year period we wit would remain insoluble without
would seek to influence pat.
ravages of unchecked and
nessed the greatest growth of strong Federal leadership.
with nature and begin to make
best
which
terms of population movement.
crime, the greatest increase
in
monitored economic growth but
reparations for the damages we
reverse the flow of people to
This
was
particularly
true
in
asserted
that
he
saw
no
con-
l' en-
inflation.
the
greatest
social
have done to our air, to our
un
crowded urban centers, and re-
his remarks about the environ- tradiction between increasing
land. and to our water?
rest in America In 100 years.
fav-
store economic vitality to rural
ment and In his suggestion that ommercial prosperity, properly
Never has a nation seemed
"Restoring nature to its nat.
to
America.
have had more and enjoyed It
the Federal Government must managed, and the quality of
mal state," he insisted, "IS a
the
The President was said to
help redurect the movement of life
cause beyond party and beyond
ly to
less."
have composed most of the
people
to
relieve
pressures
on
"The
answer."
he
said.
"Is
factions. 11 has become a com-
or
a
Congressional reaction ap.
speech himself, and he appar-
congested urban areas and to not to abandon growth but to
mon cause of all the people of
1.]
peared largely favorable, at.
ently thought of little else this
restore economic strength to reduct It We should turn to.
America. It is a cause of par-
it at
though some Democrats noted
morning. Just two hours be.
the countryside.
ward ending congestion and
ticular concern to young Ameri-
arti-
fore the speech he called Paul
that Mr. Nixon had yet to
In nearly every case, how eliminating smog the same res.
cans be ause they more than
nter-
W. McCracken, the chairman
spend some $800-million ap-
ever. Mr. Nixon inststed that ervoir of inventive genius that
WI' will reap the grim conse-
ma-
of his Council of Economic Ad.
propriated for waste treatment
the Federal Government could created them In the first place.
quences of our failure to art
that
visers, for some new figures.
last year These Democrats said
not successfully carry out its Continued vigorous economic
on programs which are needed
run
and during his ride to Capitol
that only time would reveal
leadership role unless Il ime.growth provides us with the now if we are to prevent dis-
road
Hill
he
jotted
down
freshithe depth of the President's
proved the delivery of Federal means to enrich hife itself andiaster later
ent-
fails
isan
one
K
am-
wnt
com
East River kicks interest
rate
item
the
per
wn
dividend rates on
ch
hat:
ne.
lif-
>li-
savings certificates
te
ed
"e
as high as the law
or
1.
THE PRESIDENTS
THE LONG, THE SHORT AND THE TALL
5 ft.
Joan Adams
Willi
sor
John Prince Adams
Pol
Van suren
Ta or
Madison
Bensamin Harrison
Filino!
McK
Grant
Hay
Trum
Cart
5 ft. 4 in.
5 ft. 6 in. - 5 ft. 8 in.
5 ft. 8 in. - 5 ft. 10 in
PAY CLOSE
WELL
ALIFIED
ATTENTION
CONVERSATIONA
campaign biog-
James Monroe's seventh annual
CONSERVATIONIS
In
raphy
for Benjamin
message to Congress, delivered on
"I do not choose to run fo
Harrison
Seosier neighbor.
December 2, 1823, included re-
ident in 1928," said Calvi
nelets
General Lou
The
ports on finances, military affairs,
lidge, a statement that ha
famous as the
remembered ever since fo
Wallace.
and generally routine matters.
elebrated novel
Among the other information he
its brevity and its wisdom.
author
"Ben His
of Harrison's
presented, the President made two
Coolidge wasted nothing,
the selection of
references to American foreign
included.
friends
Wallace
Segrapher was a
policy. one early' in the speech,
"I bet someone that I COI
choice. As the
particulard
the other near the close.
more than two words out o
He did so well
gentlement
Adroitly avoiding foreign reper-
a visitor once said to him.
on
3
we surely can
cussion by the apparent casualness
Cal did not speak. Then
'Ben Him`."
trust
of the references, the President
speak.
had issued one of the strongest
"You lose."
statements of intent which has
ever been made in the history of
American government. The two
parts of the speech, put together,
are the Monroe Doctrine.
98
ING PLAN
NIXON, STRESSING
QUALITY
OF
LIFE,
ATE PASSED
OTE MARGIN
ASKS IN STATE OF UNION MESSAGE
FOR BATTLE TO SAVE ENVIRONMENT
es Ailing Senator
10 Gain Approval
essional Lines
OFFERS 'NEW ROAD'
CARD REEVES
New York Times
t.In. 22-The State
Assembly 'up-
Efforts to Curb Crime
publican Congres-
acting plan today
and Rising Cost of
ours of interparty
It ended when a
Living Ar Urged
Senator
was
Capitol to cast
ote.
vote, by Senator
Text of State of the Union
roffre. Republican
Message IS on Page 22.
r, who had been
I home after hos-
By ROBERT B. SEMPLE Jr.
as needed to pass
Sprinal to The New York Times
ial G.O.P. plan
WASHINGTON, Jan. 22
mocratic legisla-
President Nixon committed him-
air own leaders
self and challenged the country
against the Re-
today to rescue the American
environment from years of hu-
n redrawing the
man indifference and to display,
ricts, an action
in the decade ahead, a deeper
di to help elect
concern for the quality of Amer-
new Republican
ican life.
this year. must
In his first State of the Union
to Governor
Message, the 37th President
his approval
placed "first priority" on world
Federal courts
peace and a "just" settlement
fore Jan. 30.
of the war in Vietnam. But his
Excitement
major preoccupation was the
state of the union, not the state
of the plan to-
of the world, and his central
were 78-69 in
message was an appeal to match
nd 29-19 in the
the resourcés of the 1970's to
expected. But
the vision of the 1770's.
spected excite-
the Capitol be.
Prospects for 10 Years
tevelopments:
The New York times Iby Mike Lien)
Before a joint session of Con-
Assemblymen
President Nixon acknowledging the greeting he received yesterday In the House Cham-
gress assembled in the chamber
ICUS to stand
ber. At rear are Vice President Agnew and John W. McCormack, the House Speaker.
of the House of Representatives,
the bill after
Mr. Nixon sketched in 36 min-
argued bitterly
utes a portrait of a nation rich
Leader Stanley
Yablonski Killing Depicted $10-BILLION ASKED
in resources but confused III
on to allow a
purpose and concerned about
vote with the
As Move to Balk U.S. Jury FOR CLEAN WATER
forces seemingly beyond its con-
trol. His picture was of a na-
united Demo-
tion robbed of its natural heri-
1, first in the
tage by human and industrial
Murder Charges Filed
en in the Sen-
Visit by Suspect Reported
carelessness, cheated of the divi-
an leadership
By JERRY M. FLINT
By BEN A. FRANKLIN
Officials Say White House
dends of economic growth by
sentee legisla-
Special to The New York Times
special to The New York Titura
Plan Calls for $4-Billion
inflation, poorly served by a
T the state to
CLEVELAND. Jan. 22-A Gov.
WASHINGTON, Pa., Jan. 22
proliferating Federal apparatus,
I both houses.
ernment attorney said today
-A bizarre account of events
Federal Contribution
and threatened by crime and the
rived shortly
that Joseph A. Yablonski was
preceding the murder of Joseph
growth in population.
10 flew In two
murdered by three Cleveland
A, Yablonski and his wife and
The address drew a generally
BY E. W. KENWORTHY
nators to give
men to keep the rebel mine
daughter began to unfold here
fayorable response in Congress.
I
Special to The New Times
29 votes, the
union leader from testifying
today.
Republicans approved it and
WASHINGTON, Jan. 22
(y In the 57-
before a Federal grand jury.
The account came from
President Nixon said today he
Democrats, despite some skep-
The suspects, all Appalachian-
friends of Mr. Yablonski, the
would propose a $10-billion
ticism on key points, regarded
ocratic Sena-
born and two with criminal
defeated candidate for presi-
it as a skillful exercise in which
program to clean up America's
wart, charged
records, were held here on
dent of the United Mine
the President seized upon Issues
waters over five years. In-
I and Meade
$250,000 bond each. IL was ex-
Workers, who was found dead
formed officials said later that.
that they had regarded as their
cratic leader
pected they would be extradited
Jan. 5 in his home at nearby
own.
under the President's plan, the
part of "a
to Pennsylvania before the Fed-
Clarksville, Pa. These friends,
The President's theme was
Federal Government would pay
an leaders to
eral charges progress very far.
who have been among the
40 per cent of the cost and the
best expressed in a rhetorical
listricts that
In Washington, Da., mean-
chief police informants in the
states and cities 60 per cent.
question:
" election of
while, the state filed formal
case, told of a visit to the
Thus, the Federal share
"In the next 10 years we
ongressmen.
charges of premeditated murder
Yublonski home, before the
would be $4-billion and the
shall increase our wealth by
in was ap-
against the three men-Paul
murders, by one of the sus-
local share $6-billion, according
50 per cent. The profound ques-
ans in both
Eugene Gilly, 36 years old,
pects.
to these officials.
tion is-does this mean that
amendment
Claude Edward Vealey, 26, and
The suspects, now being held
Furthermore, they said that
we will be 50 per cent richer
50, Column 2
Aubran Wayne (Buddy) Martin,
in Cleveland, are Paul Eugene
the Federal grants would be
Continued on Page 23, Column 4
23. The complaints were filed
Gilly, 36 years old; Claude Ed-
made on a sliding scale over
by Washington County District/ward
0
I
416
COMPARATIVE DATA
STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGES
Every Bill which shall have passed the
-Continued
House of Representatives and the Senate,
shall, before it becomes a Law, be pre-
T. Roosevelt
Jan. 7, 1943 40
sented to the President of the United
Dec. 3, 1901
Jan. 11, 1944 writ
States; if he approve he shall sign it, but
Dec. 2, 1902
Jan. 6, 1945 writ
if not he shall return it, with his Objections
Dec. 7, 1903
to that House in which it shall have origi-
Truman
Dec. 6, 1904
Jan. 22, 1946
writ
nated, who shall enter the Objections at
Dec. 5, 1905
large on their Journal, and proceed to re-
Dec. 3, 1906
Jan. 6, 1947
50
consider it. If after such Reconsideration
Dec. 3, 1907
Jan. 7, 1948
two thirds of that House shall agree to
Dec. 8, 1908
Jan. 5, 1949 30
pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with
Jan. 4, 1950 40
the Objections, to the other House, by
Taft
Jan. 8, 1951 writ
which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and
Dec. 7, 1909
Jan. 9, 1952 40
if approved by two thirds of that House,
Dec. 6, 1910
Jan. 7, 1953 writ
it shall become a Law.
If any Bill
Dec. 5, 1911
Eisenhower
shall not be returned by the President
Dec. 3, 1912
Feb. 2, 1953 60
within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after
Wilson
Jan. 7, 1954 55
it shall have been presented to him, the
Dec. 2, 1913
Jan. 6, 1955 60
Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as
Jan. 5, 1956 writ
if he had signed it, unless the Congress by
Dec. 8, 1914 40
their Adjournment prevent its Return, in
Dec. 7, 1915 60
Jan. 10, 1957 35
which case it shall not be a Law.
Dec. 5, 1916 18
Jan. 9, 1958
45
Jan. 9, 1959 45
Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to
Dec. 4, 1917 30
Dec. 2, 1918 45
Jan. 7, 1960
which the Concurrence of the Senate and
40
Jan. 12, 1961
House of Representatives may be necessary
Dec. 2, 1919
writ
(except on a question of Adjournment)
Dec. 7, 1920 writ
Kennedy
shall be presented to the President of the
Harding
Jan. 30, 1961 45
United States; and before the Same shall
Dec. 4, 1921
Jan. 11, 1962 60
take Effect, shall be approved by him, or
Dec. 8, 1922
Jan. 14, 1963 45
being disapproved by him, shall be repassed
by- two thirds of the Senate and House
Coolidge
L. B. Johnson
of Representatives, according to the Rules
Dec. 6, 1923 65
Jan. 8, 1964
45
and Limitations prescribed in the Case of
Dec. 3, 1924 writ
Jan. 4, 1965
50
a Bill.
Jan. 12, 1966
Dec. 8, 1925 writ
60
Jan. 10. 1967
Dec. 7, 1926 writ
75
The Constitution thus provides not only for a
Jan. 17, 1968
Dec. 6, 1927 writ
55
regular veto, which Congress may override by
Dec. 4. 1928 writ
Jan. 14, 1969
45
a two-thirds majority of both Houses, but also
for a "pocket veto"-if the President opposes a
Nixon
Hoover
bill sent to him ten days before the adjourn-
Jan. 22, 1970 40
ment of Congress, he can, instead of vetoing
Dec. 3, 1929
Jan. 22. 1971 40
it, merely ignore it, or "pocket" it, and prevent
Dec. 2, 1930
Jan. 20, 1972 30"
it from becoming a law.
Dec. 8, 1931
Feb.
2,
1973
seiies
of writ
Dec. 6, 1932
The following list shows the number of bills
Jan. 30. 1974
45-st
vetoed by each President. Noted in parenthesis
F. D. Roosevelt
Ford
after each total are the figures comprising the
Jan. 3, 1934
25
45
total: first, the number of regular vetoes; sec-
Jan. 15, 1975
Jan. 4, 1935
45
ond, the number of pocket vetoes; third, the
Jan. 19, 1976
so
Jan. 3, 1936 50
number of vetoes sustained by Congress; and
Jan. 12, 1977
35
50
Jan. 6, 1937
fourth, the number passed over his veto.
Jan. 3, 1938
50
Carter
Washington-2 (2, 0; 2, 0)
Jan. 4, 1939
45
Jan. 19, 1978
Jan. 3, 1940
35
Jan. 23, 1979
J. Adams-0
Jan. 6, 1941 40
Jan. 23, 1980
Jefferson-0
Jan. 6, 1942
40
Jan. 16, 1981
Madison-7 (5, 2; 7, 0)
Monroe-2 (1, 1; 1, 1)
J. Q. Adams-0
THE PRESIDENTIAL VETO
Jackson-12 (5, 7; 12, 0)
Article I, section 7 of the Constitution con-
Van Buren-0
tains the following provisions:
W.H. Harrison-0
wd message
74-22,000
180,525
tatistics
3913 Live Births and Deaths
61
ontrol (CDC) collects data on abortions annually
No. 83. 184,438 LIVE BIRTHS, DEATHS, ARRIAGES, AND DIVORCES: 1950 TO 1987
with a statewide reporting system. The Alan Gutt-
[Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Beginning 1970, excludes births to, and deaths of, nonresidents of the U.S. See
a on the number of abortions based on its own
Appendix III. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series B 1-5, B 142, B 167, B 214, and B 216]
her Institute also publishes data on the character-
changes in the number of States reporting each
NUMBER (1,000)
RATE PER 1,000 POPULATION
Deaths
YEAR
Deaths
y rate, defined as the number of births that 1,000
Births 1
Mar-
Di-
In-
riages³
Births 1
Mar-
Di-
Total
vorces 4
In-
fant 2
Total
riages 3
vorces
ar of age, they experienced the birth rates occur-
82932
fant 2
hed by NCHS. Other data relating to social and
1950
3,632
1,452
104
1,667
385
24.1
9.6
29.2
11.1
2.6
as contraceptive use and birth expectations, are
1955
4,097
1,529
107
1,531
377
25.0
9.3
26.4
9.3
2.3
di the Bureau of the Census. NCHS figures are
1957
4,300
1,633
112
1,518
381
25.3
9.6
26.3
8.9
2.2
1960
4,258
1,712
111
1,523
393
23.7
9.5
26.0
8.5
2.2
tificates and on the periodic National Surveys of
1965
3,760
1,828
93
1,800
479
19.4
9.4
24.7
9.3
2.5
ed on decennial censuses and the CPS.
20047
1970
3,731
1,921
75
2,159
708
18.4
9.5
20.0
10.6
3.5
lifetime in years for persons who attain a given
1971
3,556
1,928
68
2,190
773
17.2
9.3
19.1
10.6
3.7
letails, see the technical appendix in Vital Statis-
1972
3,258
1,964
60
2,282
845
15.6
9.4
18.5
10.9
4.0
1973
3,137
1,973
56
2,284
915
14.8
9.3
17.7
10.8
4.3
1974
3,160
1,934
53
2,230
977
14.8
9.1
16.7
10.5
4.6
tionwide statistics on marriages and divorces in
1975
16842
3,144
1,893
51
2,153
1,036
14.6
8.8
16.1
10.0
4.8
National Office of Vital Statistics prepared esti-
1976
3,168
1,909
48
2,155
1,083
14.6
8.8
15.2
9.9
5.0
1977
3,327
1,900
47
2,178
1,091
15.1
8.6
14.1
9.9
5.0
updates took place after 1888, marriage and di-
1978
3,333
1,928
46
2,282
1,130
15.0
8.7
13.8
10.3
5.1
annually until 1944 by that Office. In 1957 and
1979
3,494
1,914
46
2,331
1,181
15.6
8.5
13.1
10.4
5.3
16466
rriage- and divorce-registration areas. Beginning
1980
3,612
1,990
46
2,390
1,189
15.9
8.8
12.6
10.6
5.2
1981
3,629
10 States, plus Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and
1,978
43
2,422
1,213
15.8
8.6
11.9
10.6
5.3
1982
3,681
1,975
42
2,456
1,170
15.9
8.5
11.5
10.6
5.0
id the District of Columbia. The divorce-registra-
1983
3,639
2,019
41
2,446
1,158
15.5
8.6
11.2
10.5
4.9
1984
3,669
2,039
40
2,477
1,169
15.5
8.6
Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, currently includes
10.8
10.5
5.0
1985
3,761
2,086
40
2,413
1,190
15.8
8.7
10.6
10.1
5.0
res for estimating the number of marriages and
1986
3,757
2,105
39
5,400
$1,159
15.6
8.7
10.4
5 10.0
5 4.8
1987, prel
3,829
2,127
38
2,421
1,157
15.7
8.7
10.0
9.9
4.8
1 Vital Statistics of the United States, Vol. III-
29577
egistration and nonregistration States are gath-
1 Through 1957, adjusted for rregistration.
2 Infants under 1 year, excluding fetal deaths; rates per 1,000 registered live
riages and divorces reported by State offices of
births. 3 Includes estimates for some States through 1965 and also for 1976 and 1977 and marriage licenses for some States
for all years except 1973 and 1975. Beginning 1978, includes nonlicensed marriages in California. 4 Includes reported
annulments and some estimated State figures for all years. 5 Preliminary.
nd divorce trends in the United States is the
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the United States, annual; and unpublished data.
/ conducted by the Bureau of the Census. For
No. 84. LIVE BIRTHS AND DEATHS-20 LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS: 1986
tistics rates computed by NCHS are based on
[Excludes births to, and deaths of, nonresidents of U.S. Data are by place of residence. Metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's),
or 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980; and on
consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSA's) and New England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMA's), are as defined by
the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as of June 30, 1987; see Appendix II for definitions and components]
nated by the Bureau of the Census (see text,
NUMBER (1,000)
RATE PER 1,000
POPULATION
and divorces from NCHS are based on infor-
e Census Bureau's Current Population Survey
METROPOLITAN AREA
Deaths
Deaths
1 classify their race as: (1) White, (2) Black, (3)
Births
Births
Total
In-
In-
cific Islander.
fant 1
Total
fant 1
al collection, estimation, and sampling proce-
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT CMSA
261,869
171,369
2,744
14.6
9.6
10.5
e to Census Bureau and NCHS data, see Ap-
Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA CMSA
247,483
96,595
2,224
18.9
7.4
9.0
Chicago-Gary-Lake County (IL), IL-IN-WI CMSA
130,021
68,677
1,641
16.0
8.5
12.6
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA CMSA
92,741
45,144
759
15.8
7.7
8.2
cross-references, where applicable, to Histori-
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton, PA-NJ-DE-MD CMSA
89,318
56,922
1,006
15.3
9.7
11.3
970. See Appendix IV.
Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI CMSA
69,032
41,324
846
15.0
9.0
12.3
Boston-Lawrence-Salem-Lowell-Brockton MA NECMA
52,825
34,504
444
14.2
9.3
8.4
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CMSA
71,880
23,784
727
19.7
6.5
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria. TX CMSA
10.1
US. Bureau of the
67,600
20,862
643
18.5
5.7
9.5
Washington, DC-MD-VA MSA
57,393
24,226
705
16.1
6.8
12.3
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA
44,247
30,480
487
15.3
10.5
11.0
census
Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH CMSA
39,589
26,899
439
14.3
9.7
11.1
Atlanta, GA MSA
42,210
17,325
494
16.4
6.7
11.7
St. Louis, MO-IL MSA
38,346
22,895
447
15.7
9.4
11.7
Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA CMSA
28,301
25,737
294
12.3
11.1
10.4
Fertility /Births
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA
38,532
16,181
350
16.8
7.0
9.1
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CMSA
36,084
16,634
344
15.8
7.3
9.5
Baltimore, MD MSA
Number of
35,582
21,130
424
15.6
9.3
11.9
San Diego, CA MSA
39,044
15,608
356
17.7
7.1
9.1
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA
24,557
23,879
278
12.8
12.5
11.3
COB-
1 Infants under 1 year, excluding fetal deaths; rates per 1,000 registered live births.
CT portion of CMSA covers all of
Fairfield County.
Martin 0 Connell
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the United States, annual.
amara Bachu
763-5303.
B 1-10
Series
es, 1950, vol. I,
rate of deaths per 1,000 population in each age interval for a specified
year. For a detailed description of the direct method by which these
Series B 1-4. Live Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Divorces: 1909 to 1970
ed States, 1900-
3 164-165, U.S.
1900-1940, pp. 66-69.
rates were computed, see Vital Statistics Rates in the United States,
[In thousands. Birth, marriage, and divorce figures represent estimates of all such events; death figures, the number of registered events]
various annual
Live
Deaths 3
Marriages
Divorces
Live
Deaths 3
Marriages
Divorces
births 12
Live
births
Marriages
Divorces
Special Reports,
Year
Year
births
939-1949, Vital
B 181-192. Death rate, by age and sex, 1900-1970.
Year
1
2
3
4
Source: 1900-1939, U.S. Public Health Service, Vital Statistics-
18146
1
2
3
4
Statistics of the
1
3
4
Special Reports, vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 10-12; 1940-1954, U.S. Bureau of
3,731
1,921
2,163
708
1970
1950
3,632
1,452
1,667
1,922
385
2,145
1930
2,618
ibers and titles
the Census, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1954, vol. I, p. xlix;
3,600
639
1949
1969
3,649
1,444
1,127
1,580
397
196
3,502
1,930
2,069
1929
584
1948
2,582
1968
3,637
1,444
1,811
1,233
206
A large pro-
1955-1957, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1956, vol. I, p. xcviii;
$3,521
1,851
1,927
408
1928
1967
523
1947
3,817
2,674
1,445
1,182
1,992
200
1,863
483
3,606
1,857
499
1927
1946
2,802
United States
1958-1970, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1968, vol. II, part A;
3,411
1,396
1,201
1966
2,291
196
610
1926
2,839
1,203
185
uses of death.
and unpublished data.
17960
1965
3,760
1,828
1,800
479
1945
2,858
1,402
1,613
4,027
1,798
485
1,725
1925
1964
450
1944
2,909
2,939
1,411
1,188
1,452
175
ing more than
400
1924
2,979
1963
4,098
1,814
1,654
428
1943
3,104
1,460
1,185
1,577
171
1962
4,167
1,757
359
1,577
1923
413
1942
2,910
2,989
1,385
1,230
1,772
165
1,702
321
B 193-200. Death rate, by sex and by selected cause, for Massa-
1961
4,268
1,548
1922
414
1941
2,703
2,882
1,398
1,134
1,696
149
293
1921
3,055
(1900), certain
1,164
160
chusetts, 1860-1970.
1960
20320
4,258
1,712
1,523
393
1940
2,559
1,417
1,596
eted from the
4,245
1,657
264
1,494
395
1920
1939
2,950
1959
2,466
1,388
1,274
1,404
171
Source: 1860-1899, computed from 48th Annual Registration Report
1958
4,255
1,648
251
1,451
368
1919
1938
2,740
eral classifica-
2,496
1,381
1,331
1,633
244
4,308
1,518
381
1918
1937
for Massachusetts and 77th Annual Report on the Vital Statistics of
1957
2,413
2,948
1,450
1,451
249
1917
2,944
1956
4,218
1,564
country after
1,585
382
1936
2,355
1,479
1,369
236
1916
2,964
ns represented
Massachusetts; 1900-1956, U.S. Bureau of the Census and U.S. Public
21284
1955
4,104
1,529
1,531
377
1935
2,377
1,393
1,327
Health Service, Vital Statistics of the United States, vol. I, annual
1954
1,481
218
4,078
1,490
1915
379
1934
2,965
te form in the
2,396
1,397
1,302
1,518
204
1953
3,965
1,546
390
1914
1933
2,966
issues; 1957-1970, U.S. Public Health Service, Vital Statistics of the
2,307
1,342
1,098
4, and revised
1952
3,913
1,497
165
1,539
1913
392
1932
2,869
2,440
982
3,823
1,482
164
1912
United States, vol. II, part A, annual issues.
1951
1,595
381
1931
2,840
2,506
1,061
188
al List. This
1911
2,809
1910
2,777
tates, was fol-
19883
1909
2,718
or joint-cause
B 201-213. Death rate, by age, for Massachusetts, 1865-1900.
Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Includes reported annulments.
place the re-
Source: 48th Annual Registration Report for Massachusetts, p. 321,
1959-1970, registered live births: 1909-1958, adjusted for underregistration.
Based on 50-percent sample for 1951-1954, 1956-1966, and 1968-1970.
Based on 20- to 50-percent sample.
e underlying
Includes Alaska.
and 77th Annual Report on the Vital Statistics of Massachusetts, p. 126.
Excludes fetal deaths.
ixth Revision
97593
in 1958, and
ous breaks in
B 214-220. Marriage rate and divorce, 1920-1970.
Series B 5-10. Birth Rate-Total and for Women 15-44 Years Old, by Race: 1800 to 1970
Source: Series B 214-218, U.S. Public Health Service, Vital Sta-
tistics of the United States, vol. III, annual issues; series B 219-220,
[Based on estimated total live births per 1,000 population for specified group. Based on a 50-percent sample of births for 1951-1954, 1956-1966, and 1968-1970; on 20- to 50-
litated if the
percent sample for 1967. Prior to 1959, births adjusted for underregistration; thereafter, registered live births]
a long period
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, series P-20.
ild be incon-
See also: U.S. Commissioner of Labor, A Report on Marriage and
Rate, total population
Rate, women 15-44 years
Rate, total population
Rate, women 15-44 years
To obtain
Divorce in the United States, 1867 to 1886; U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Year
Total
White
Negro
Total
White
Negro
Year
Marriage and Divorce, 1867-1906; Vital Statistics-Special Reports,
Total
fixed list for
White
Negro
and other
Total
White
and other
Negro
and other
and other
al conference
vol. 9, No. 60, "A Review of Marriage and Divorce Statistics: United
ies are intro-
States: 1887-1937"; Marriage and Divorce, 1916 and annual issues
5
6
7
8
9
10
5
6
7
8
9
10
ecific causes
for 1922-1932; S. A. Stauffer and L. M. Spencer, "Recent Increases
1970
18.4
17.4
Effect of the
in Marriage and Divorce," American Journal of Sociology, vol. 44,
1969
25.1
87.9
84.1
113.0
1932
19.5
18.7
17.8
26.9
16.9
24.4
81.7
86.5
79.0
103.0
1968
82.4
114.8
1931
20.2
19.5
d Causes of
17.5
16.6
26.6
84.6
No. 4 (for 1933-1936); U.S. Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics-
1967
24.2
85.7
82.4
81.5
102.1
114.9
17.8
16.8
25.0
87.6
83.1
119.8
1930
! Statistics-
Special Reports, vol. 15, Nos. 13 and 18, "Estimated Number of
1966
21.3
18.4
20.6
27.5
17.4
26.1
89.2
91.3
87.1
105.9
86.4
125.9
1929
21.2
20.5
27.3
89.3
87.3
106.1
Marriages by State: United States, 1937-1940" and "Estimated
1965
1928
22.2
19.4
21.5
18.3
28.5
27.6
93.8
1964
96.6
91.7
91.4
111.0
133.9
1927
23.5
22.7
it of medical
21.0
20.0
31.1
29.1
99.8
105.0
97.1
Number of Divorces by State: United States, 1937-1940," respec-
1963
99.9
121.7
141.7
1926
21.7
24.2
23.1
1962
20.7
33.4
102.6
29.7
108.5
99.2
103.7
130.3
144.9
:he study of
tively. For exact population base figures, see Vital Statistics-
1961
22.4
21.4
30.5
112.2
107.5
148.8
1925
25.1
23.3
24.1
34.2
22.2
31.6
106.6
117.2
103.3
112.2
134.0
Special Reports, vol. 46, No. 12, p. 330.
153.5
1924
26.1
25.1
34.6
110.9
107.8
135.6
1960
1923
23.7
26.0
22.7
25.2
33.2
32.1
110.5
1959
118.0
108.0
113.2
130.5
Marriage and divorce records are filed only at the county level in
153.6
1922
26.2
24.0
25.4
22.9
33.2
32.9
111.2
118.8
113.9
108.8
130.8
1958
156.0
1921
24.5
28.1
27.3
some States, but gradually the various States are requiring by law
23.3
35.8
119.8
1957
34.3
120.2
117.2
140.8
114.9
160.5
1956
25.3
24.0
that such events be recorded at the State level. The completeness
35.3
122.9
117.7
163.0
1920
25.2
27.7
26.9
35.0
24.0
117.9
35.4
121.2
115.4
116.0
137.5
160.9
1919
26.1
25.3
Statistics of
32.4
111.2
of reporting to the State offices varies, but there has been no nation-
(NA)
1955
1918
25.0
28.2
27.6
23.8
33.0
34.7
119.8
lished data.
1954
118.5
113.8
155.3
(NA)
1917
wide test. A marriage-registration area covering 30 States and 5
25.3
28.5
27.9
32.9
1953
24.2
34.9
121.0
118.1
113.6
(NA)
153.2
1916
25.0
29.1
28.5
independent areas was established by the National Office of Vital
1952
24.0
34.1
123.4
115.2
121.8
111.0
147.3
1951
25.1
24.1
33.6
113.9
110.1
143.3
1915
24.9
29.5
28.9
900-1970.
23.9
33.8
125.0
123.2
Statistics in 1957. A major criterion for admission of a State to the
111.5
107.7
142.1
1914
29.9
29.3
126.6
1950
124.6
1913
24.1
29.5
registration areas was agreement with the National Office of Vital
28.8
23.0
33.3
124.7
106.2
122.4
1949
102.3
137.3
1912
29.8
29.0
1948
24.5
23.6
33.0
125.8
107.1
123.3
Statistics to conduct a test of marriage registration completeness.
103.6
135.1
1911
24.9
29.9
29.1
24.0
32.4
126.3
1947
107.3
123.6
104.3
index that
131.6
By 1971, the marriage-registration area covered 40 States and 3
1946
26.6
26.1
31.2
113.3
111.8
125.9
1910
30.1
29.2
24.1
23.6
38.4
126.8
101.9
123.8
rates were
100.4
113.9
1909
independent areas. A divorce-registration area with 14 States and
30.0
29.2
126.8
1945
123.6
1900
20.4
32.3
30.1
on in 1940
3 independent areas was inaugurated in 1958. By 1971, it covered
1944
19.7
26.5
85.9
130
83.4
106.0
1890
21.2
(NA)
31.5
1943
20.5
27.4
137
88.8
86.3
108.5
acteristics.
1880
29 States and 1 independent area.
22.7
39.8
35.2
1942
22.1
28.3
94.3
155
92.3
111.0
1941
22.2
21.5
27.7
91 5
89 5
107 €
year were
fany, interest!
Congressional Record
United States
of America
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE
96th
CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
Vol. 125
WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 1979
No. 39
dures and practices of the House. His
helpful hints and observations have
Let us develop the resources of our land,
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
proven invaluable to me as a legislator,
call forth its powers, build up its institu-
tions, promote all its great interests and see
and I will be forever grateful to him for
SPEECH OF
whether we also in our day and generation
providing this guidance. That was Joe's
may not perform something worthy to be re-
HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER
way. He was always accessible, always
membered.
OF OHIO
available, always willing to be of assist-
ance. The excellent aptitude, and atti-
Those are the words that are inscribed
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
tude he brought to his work made him
in this Chamber as a challenge to every
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
stand out from the rest, and carried him
Member who serves here.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
from his first position as a page to the
And certainly in the way that Joe
MOAKLEY). Under a previous order of the
top Republican staff position in the
Bartlett conducted his life, both in his
House of Representatives, that of minor-
service to the House of Representatives
House, the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
ity clerk.
and to his Nation in the military serv-
MILLER) is recognized for 60 minutes.
A person of his caliber is hard to find,
ice, he did strive to meet the goals that
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I
are so beautifully outlined in this quo-
rise today in salute to my good friend
no less replace. We miss Joe Bartlett.
and the recently retired minority clerk,
For me, and for many others, he helped
tation from Daniel Webster.
Joe Bartlett. How and where does one
to make service in this Chamber a more
The poets say that the two most beau-
begin to say thánk you to a man who has
pleasant and meaningful experience and
tiful words in the English language are
for that he will long be remembered.
"summer afternoon," and on a day like
spent 37½ years of dedicated and faith-
ful service to the House of Representa-
May he and his lovely wife, Jinny, enjoy
today we might agree. But I would say
tives?
the new challenges and experiences that
that two equally beautiful words are
As one who has known Joe for but 13
lie ahead. I am sure that whatever they
"good friend." Joe Bartlett and his wife,
are the Bartletts will approach them
Ginny, have been good friends to all of
of those 37½ years, I cannot recount,
with the same vigor and enthusiasm that
us in a lot of different ways, and all of us
other than by hearsay, his early accom-
plishments and contributions to this
they displayed through all their years of
who have served with Joe appreciate him
so much for being the good friend he al-
body; so I will focus my remarks on the
association with the Congress.
ways has been.
first hand experiences I shared with Joe
1945
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I
during my service in the Congress. It is a
Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, will the
thank the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
shame that so many of those Members
gentleman yield?
REGULA).
that could give testimony to the fine job
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, will the
Joe did all those years cannot be with us
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. REGULA).
gentleman yield?
here today to join in this tribute. I know
Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, I thank
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
many of them would like to be. By my
the gentleman for yielding.
gentleman from Idaho (Mr. HANSEN).
tally there have been 2,033 Members that
Mr. Speaker, there are many fine
Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank
have served in the House of Representa-
things we could say about Joe Bartlett,
the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. MILLER)
tives since Joe began his long career of
one of our favorite Buckeyes, but I
for yielding, and I commend him for
public service in 1941. Only one Member
thought I might take a different tack and
this thoughtful special order to honor a
who was a part of that 77th Congress re-
use the two Websters, Noah Webster and
great American and a person who has
mains. and that is the able chairman of
Daniel Webster, to provide the words
served well the House of Representa-
the House Appropriations Committee,
that I would want to use.
tives and his country in a number of
Congressman JAMIE WHITTEN.
In the office formally occupied by Joe
capacities.
A lot of water has gone under the
bridge since Joe first set foot in these
there is a well-worn dictionary, Web-
I do not know of anyone I have met
Chambers as a 14-year-old page ap-
ster's New International Dictionary, and
who is more well-rounded and who is
pointee from Clarksburg, W. Va. Five
in that dictionary they define a "patriot"
better thought of than Joe Bartlett. Cer-
speakers have overseen the activities of
as "one who loves his country and zeal-
tainly it has been a great pleasure for
the House, eight Presidents have ap-
ouslv supports its authority and inter-
me to know him, to know of his wise and
ests."
accommodating ways, and to partake of
peared before this body to give state of
How well that describes Joe Bartlett.
his good advice and assistance while we
the Union addresses, and the country
have been here getting acclimatized and
has been in and out of three major wars.
Webster's says that a definition for
then as the years roll on in the endeavors
Social change has been considerable.
"dedicate" is "to become committed to."
we have before us.
From the tail end of the New Deal,
And again that is a beautiful description
Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Speaker, will the
through the Fair Deal, the New Frontier,
of the life of Joe Bartlett as he served
gentleman yield?
and the Great Society, Joe-has seen our
his Nation in so many different ways.
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
country evolve from a predominantly
I could go on with many others: "De-
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. WYLIE).
rural society to an urban one.
vote," "loyal," "friend," and so on. All of
Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the
Joe Bartlett has seen a lot and done a
those words in the dictionary are very
gentleman for yielding.
lot during his 37½ years service to the
aptly used in describing the life of Joe
Mr. Speaker, I wish to compliment
Congress. And everything he has done,
Bartlett.
my colleagues from Ohio, the gentle-
he has done well.
But let me turn to the other Webster,
man in the well, the gentleman from
I first became acquainted with Joe
Daniel Webster, and let us be reminded
Ohio (Mr. MILLER), and the gentleman
when he was the minority reading clerk.
of the words that are inscribed so beau-
from Ohio (Mr. BROWN), for taking this
Particularly helpful to new Members, he
tifully in the plaque above the Speaker's
special order for our good friend, Joe
went out of his way to familiarize new-
chair as a quotation from Daniel Web-
Bartlett.
comers such as myself with the proce-
ster. These are the words of that plaque:
1950
1788
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
March 28, 1979
I welcome the opportunity to salute
Mr. MYERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker,
the gentleman yield?
a friend and fellow Ohioan and his
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
lovely wife, Jinny. Joe was most helpful.
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Liv-
to me when I first arrived on the scene
gentleman from Indiana.
INGSTON).
in 1966, shortly after the election. He
Mr. MYERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker,
Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, I
was always ready, willing and able to
I thank the gentleman for yielding to me
thank the gentleman for yielding. I also
serve any Member of Congress who
and for taking this time to pay our re-
thank the gentleman for bringing this
sought his assistance-and I sought it
spects to one who was a most dedicated
special order as well. As one of the more
on many occasions. His tireless and
public servant for many, many years.
recent additions to this body, I also would
solicitous efforts evidenced a concern
Each of us has been a freshman at some
like to express my sincere appreciation
which helped me produce many benefi-
point in our career, and in most cases
to Joe Bartlett for the dedicated work
cial results. I congratulate Joe for his
there has been someone who has kind of
that he did as minority clerk of the
extremely impressive service as a read-
taken us under his or her wing and
House.
ing clerk. I think he contributed greatly
guided us through the difficult task of
When I came to Congress, Joe was ex-
to the image of the House through his
becoming a legislator in a very competi-
tremely helpful to me. I looked to him
faithful years of service as a reading
tive atmosphere. I can recall that I had
for guidance and he was always cordial
clerk. One of the things I remember
hardly been confirmed as the winner,
in manner and wise in counsel. His res-
most, as I arrived on the scene, was the
back in 1966, when I had received a letter
ignation was a great loss to me.
way he acted as reading clerk. He had a
from the reading clerk of the House of
Joe's long career in the House, his in-
kind of rhythm and a tone which was
Representatives, the minority reading
terest in Congress, his sincere desire to
unique and, as I say, I think certainly
clerk, a man I did not know at that time.
serve his country by his service in this
improved the image of this House for
Most of us, I am sure, found ourselves in
House, and his capacity for hard work-
visitors who came to see us from the
a similar situation. But Joe took an in-
all these are qualities we should mention
gallery. I salute Joe also for his dedi-
terest right away in the freshman Mem-
in expressing our gratitude to Joe. But
cation as a soldier, as a brigadier general
bers, not for a self-serving purpose, but
it is his friendship which is most impor-
in the Marine Corps. I know his wife,
because he sincerely wanted the Mem-
tant.
Jinny, and his daughters, Linda and
bers to become better Members. His was
I shall always be glad that I was
Laura, are very proud of Joe and his
not a biased or selfish view, so far as part-
elected to the 95th Congress; that I knew
career, to which they have contributed
isanship was concerned.
General Joe Bartlett; that I worked with
a great deal. Marjorie and I wish him
1955
him in Congress and had his friendship.
happiness in the years ahead.
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, will
He offered the same kind of friendship
Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
the gentleman yield?
and assistance to both political sides, but
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I thank the gen-
tleman from Louisiana.
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
very early Joe was always one to come
gentleman from California.
back off the stand here after reading and
Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, will the
come down and give little hints, little
gentleman yield?
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I ap-
suggestions. Time and time again we re-
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
preciate my colleague's yielding. I want
gentleman from California (Mr. DOR-
to thank him for taking the time to ex-
ceived special little notes from Joe, some-
NAN).
press our appreciation for the service of
thing that he had read and witnessed on
Joe Bartlett. He certainly gave loyal and
the floor, trying always to give help to
Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, I thank
make the House of Representatives a bet-
the gentleman for yielding to me. I would
reliable service to the House of Repre-
like to associate myself with the remarks
sentatives, especially to the minority. He
ter place.
So, it is with sadness that this year we
of my colleague from the 95th Congress.
was always on the job and, as my several
learned that Joe had made his decision
I had a freshman Congressman ask me
colleagues from Ohio have already indi-
in this new 96th Congress what I thought
cated, he went out of his way, as many
not to continue his service here as the
he would be missing by not having been
new Members came here-and we all
minority Clerk of the House, which he
here 2 years earlier, and the first thought
did at one time-to make sure that we
had assumed several years ago, because
that came very quickly to my mind was
understood the procedures of the House
he continued to be the same type of
that he would not be able to avail him-
and the ways in which each of us as in-
servant, always wanting to help Members
self to the counsel of Joe Bartlett.
dividuals could be more effective. Joe
to be better Members and to do their jobs
was always more than willing to take
better. But, after he made that decision,
He has the wisdom and philosophical
the time to be helpful and to explain how
we all certainly wish him well and con-
astuteness of an Aristotle; the patience
each of us could be of greater service to
gratulate him for the tremendous service
of a Job; he is, of course. as patriotic and
our districts. I am sure that Joe must
he has given the country and given
"gung ho" as a Gen. George Patton, with
especially to this House to make it a bet-
the personality and demeanor of lovable
have been disappointed, as all of us
ter House.
Ike Eisenhower. I feel ashamed for men-
were, that he did not become the Clerk
So, as he now is pursuing new adven-
tioning prominent Army generals except
of the House, because I am sure he
tures in life, I want to join his many,
that Joe's career in the Marine Corps, if
would have been a major candidate for
it had not been interrupted by his bril-
that position had we ever been smart
many friends who wish him and Ginny
liant service in this House, would cer-
enough to figure out a way to become the
many years of happiness and success at
tainly have led him to the esteemed title
majority during his time of service.
whatever he attempts-and Joe will be a
of commandant.
I have always been impressed with
success at whatever he decides to do. So,
we do wish him well and thank him for
It was no small accomplishment that in
Joe Bartlett's great sense of patriotism
and great sense of duty to the country.
the help he has given the House and the
his spare time and in those great periods
I think that we all recognize and real-
Nation.
of his life when he gave of himself to ac-
ize that his sense of patriotism was epit-
I might add here that it is sad that he
tive duty, he still carved out a distin-
served before television came to the floor,
guished record in this body while attain-
omized by his constantly asking himself
because many, many Members will re-
ing the rank of brigadier general in the
the question: "How can I best serve the
member Joe, but the Nation will remem-
U.S. Marine Corps. I do not think I ever
country?" That one question was ever
came on the House floor as a new Mem-
prominent in his mind.
ber Joe not as serving as reading clerk
ber without being greeted by Joe Bart-
Mr. Speaker, I think it is most appro-
of the House of Representatives, but as
lett's smile. Moreover, he unsparingly
priate that my colleague has taken the
permanent clerk of several Republican
counseled me and other new Members
time to say, in our own way here, "Thank
national conventions when he most
and gave counsel to those Members who
you, Joe Bartlett, for the fine job you
eloquently served in that capacity. So, we
were senior to him by several decades.
have done in serving the Congress and
will miss him but we wish him well.
I think that Joe's loss not only to our
especially the Members of the minority."
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I thank the
party but to the whole House is one that
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I thank the gen-
gentleman from Indiana.
tleman from California for his remarks.
Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, will
will not be made up for many, many
years.
March 28, 1979
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
1789
I think the assistance which some of
of Representatives, and Gen. Joe Bart-
to become personally associated with. as
the Members have mentioned which Joe
lett, friend of the U.S. Marine Corps.
my friend, the gentleman from Ohio
Bartlett gave when they were freshmen
Anyone who knew Joe Bartlett knew
(Mr. MILLER) said, 2,000 Members of
in pointing out an article in some dis-
that he was a Marine; and those of us
Congress, 5 of whom eventually served
tinguished newspaper across this coun-
who did not have the honor of serving
this Nation as the President of the
in that corps knew about it because we
try, in assisting us, and in guiding us in
United States: Harry Truman, Lyndon
the approach which freshmen sometimes
were invited to the Congressional Ma-
Johnson, Jack Kennedy, Richard Nixon,
rines Breakfast and other functions.
and Jerry Ford.
made in their exuberant attempt to go
into the well at all times on every issue,
Joe is a friend of that corps, and he
Joe Bartlett maintained throughout
and Joe Bartlett's general counsel of,
was a friend of those of us serving here.
his distinguished career on Capitol Hill
"Don't blunt your pick on this one; save
Again, Mr. Speaker, I would just say
an unsurpassed reputation for propriety,
that the one word to describe Joe Bart-
yourself," constituted one bit of advice
for loyalty, and honesty in the perform-
which this Member needed, I think, more
lett would be "friend." He was a staunch
ance of his myriad duties, justly earning
than did most Members in the House.
friend. What Joe believed in, Joe knew:
him the esteem and confidence of the
this institution, this country, his be-
Members of both sides of the political
Mr. Speaker, it goes without saying
loved Marine Corps, and those of us
aisle, the friendship of all of us and all
that Joe looks 20 or 30 years younger
whom he SO ably and SO generously as-
of the staff members on the Hill.
than his years on this planet. I know he
sisted.
will not deny his party his wisdom and
Joe first came to Washington to rep-
Going back, Mr. Speaker, to the 89th
resent his native State, West Virginia, at
counsel over the years. I know we will
Congress, I remember how hopeful Joe
a national school boys safety patrol con-
all see him in Detroit in the summer of
Bartlett was then and was all through
vention as "America's Typical Schoolboy
1980, and I hope he haunts the halls of
the years.
Patrolman," but not quite typical because
this great Capitol Building which he
So, Mr. Speaker, I am delighted to
he was smaller than most at that age,
loved so well, with his beautiful Ginny,
have the opportunity of joining with the
and he was the only one from West Vir-
and lets the freshmen Members of both
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. MILLER) and
parties in the 96th Congress know just
ginia. So he marched singly behind this
with SO many others in just saying
what they are missing by not having
great placard which was carried indi-
"Thank you," to friend Joe Bartlett and
Joe's handsome visage sitting in front of
cating that this was the West Virginia
to Jinny, and may they have the very
that new little computer which he used
contingent, and that so attracted one of
best of years ahead of them.
SO effectively over the years.
our former colleagues that he named Joe
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I
I look forward to his careful and stu-
to a 30-day appointment as a page in the
thank the gentleman from New York
dious analysis of what these six monster
House of Representatives. Joe continued
(Mr. McEwEN) for his comments.
RCA cameras are going to do with us.
in that position without portfolio, I
2005
I think I will put in the RECORD this
guess it could be said, for 3 years-those
year, as I did last year and as many,
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I
were the years I first knew him-and
many others before me have put into the
yield now to the gentleman from Ohio
graduated from the Capitol Page School
RECORD for each Congress in the last five
(Mr. BROWN).
in 1944.
or six Congresses, Joe's brilliant analysis
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I thank my col-
As a 17-year-old volunteer, he joined
of how we could all serve our country
league from Ohio, the Honorable CLAR-
the U.S. Marine Corps to serve in the
better by making this body of ours run.
ENCE MILLER, for allowing me to close
remaining months of World War II.
more efficiently and more smoothly.
this tribute to Joe Bartlett.
After being honorably discharged as a
So I hope my great and dear friend of
I think we do not as Members of Con-
private first class, Joe returned to the
2 years and 3 months-actually, longer
gress pay tribute enough to the people
Capitol to become, at the age of 19, the
than that because he visited me in my
that many of our constituents think of
youngest chief of pages on record in this
district when I had 6 months to go in my
as anonymous but we know very well by
body. He continued his Reserve activities
first race-will make sure that this Con-
first name and by face, the staff that
and won a commission from the ranks
gress gets that brilliant analysis of his
serves us here in this Chamber, because
as a "meritorious noncommissioned offi-
forthwith so that it can be put in the
it is these people who make the whole
cer" when the Korean emergency broke
operation run smoothly. Some of them
RECORD during the next few days.
out, during which he served a year with
are now rewarded by being on camera
Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman
the Second Marine Division in North
all the time, but many of them are not
from Ohio (Mr. MILLER) for taking this
Carolina. In the ensuing years, Joe had
because they serve in the rear of the
special order, and I thank him for letting
varied and worldwide Reserve experience
Chamber and are the ones who offer us
me participate in it at the last moment.
a little advice when we come in about the
in the Marines, eventually, of course,
It is the nicest honor that I have had SO
serving as brigadier general in the U.S.
nature of the legislation and when the
far in the 96th Congress, just as the
Marine Corps Reserve until his retire-
next vote is likely to occur, and the
nicest honor I had during the 95th Con-
ment from the corps on July 1, 1978.
processes that are going to be pursued
gress was making the acquaintenance of
in the next few minutes, and the sched-
He was known here as the organizer
Joe Bartlett.
ule of the House. So, indeed, it is an
and chief factotum of the Marine Corps
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I
honor for me and a great personal
Breakfasts which have been held reg-
thank the gentleman from California
(Mr. DORNAN) for his comments.
pleasure to have the chance to pay trib-
ularly on Capitol Hill for Members of
ute to Joe Bartlett-I, perhaps, should
Congress who formerly served in the
Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, will the
say parenthetically to his friend, Charlie
Marines, and for other Marines in the
gentleman yield?
Hackney, who retired about the same
Washington area, and for the friends of
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I yield to the
time, and to all the others who have
Marines, of which I was pleased to be
gentleman from New York.
served here. But particularly because it
one-because I served in the amphibious
Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank
is Joe, I personally welcome this oppor-
forces, and I always told Joe that I
the gentleman for yielding, and I thank
tunity to officially recognize the innum-
helped make those Marines heroes by
the gentleman for taking this special
erable contributions he has made to the
stepping on their hands so they would
order.
U.S. House of Representatives and the
go down into the small boats and charge
Mr. Speaker, if a word could describe
Government of this country during his
the beach. Joe enjoyed that Marine Corps
Joe Bartlett, it is "friend"-friend of
37 years of service here.
association and was honored suitably by
this House of Representatives. No more
From his days as a page to those 8
his friends in the Marine Corps.
loyal friend, no more understanding per-
years as the ranking Republican staff
But no mention of Joe's Marine Corps
son of this institution and its greatness,
officer in the House, Joe's service
experiences would be complete unless it
with tolerance for the frailties of its
spanned the events of a momentous his-
included that "hazardous duty" assign-
Members on occasion, could be found
torical period, a period of great signifi-
ment he had as a young lieutenant in the
than Joe Bartlett, friend of the House
cance to our country, and permitted him
spring of 1951 when he was asked to
1790
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
March 28, 1979
escort the Ohio cherry blossom princess,
Joe, Jinny, I join my colleagues in
est in the legislative branch of government
the attractive Miss Virginia Bender,
wishing you and your fine family much
as a page in 1941; and
daughter of the late House Member and
happiness and success in all your fu-
Whereas, Throughout his distinguished
Senator from Ohio, George Bender, and
ture endeavors, wherever they may lead
career on Capitol Hill, Joe Bartlett main-
his wife who still survives. His friends
you.
tained an unsurpassed reputation for loyalty
and honesty in the performance of his myriad
and his biography will tell you that the
Call on us, if you ever need us, be-
duties, justly earning him the esteem and
romance between the two blossomed that
cause we feel that sense of loyalty to our
confidence of members from both sides of
week, and it has been in full flower ever
honorary Ohioan.
the political aisle; and
since.
I am joined in this tribute to you by
Whereas, A well-respected member of the
2010
a number of Members who could not
Republican party, Joe Bartlett has been a
But no mention of Joe's Marine Corps
stay and share their personal affection
dynamic force in Republican politics at the
service would be complete unless it in-
for you; but I just want to read the list
local, state, and national levels, and his ded-
cluded that "hazardous duty" Lieutenant
of Members who before this session end-
icated, determined efforts have truly helped
Bartlett was ordered to perform in the
ed today asked me to tell you how much
to strengthen our two-party system, the cor-
nerstone of American democracy; therefore
spring of 1951 as an escort of the Ohio
they think of you:
be it
Cherry Blossom Princess, Miss Virginia
CALDWELL BUTLER, LARRY COUGHLIN,
Resolved, That we, the members of the
Bender, daughter of the late House
BoB WALKER, DICK SCHULZE, DON CLAU-
House of Representatives of the 113th Gen-
Member and Senator from Ohio, George
SEN, ROBERT DORNAN, who spoke, and
eral Assembly, in adopting this Resolution
Bender and Mrs. Bender, thus becoming
GEORGE HANSEN, who spoke, BoB LAGO-
in honor of Joe Bartlett, recognize this mag-
an honorary Ohioan. The following year
MARSINO, who spoke, MATT RINALDO; the
nanimous Ohio son for his thirty-seven years
Jinny and Joe were married. They are
chairman of the Judiciary Committee,
of outstanding service to the United States
now the parents of two lovely daughters,
PETE RODINO; DANTE FASCELL, DICK
House of Representatives and wish him
Linda Louise, now Mrs. James L. Hob-
much happiness and success in all his future
WHITE of Texas; JOEL PRITCHARD; JOHN
good of Fredericksburg, Va., who was
endeavors; and be it further
SEIBERLING, another Buckeye; TOBY
Resolved, That the Legislative Clerk of
graduted "with distinction" by the Uni-
MOFFETT, LARRY WINN; DAVE TREEN; Mrs.
the House of Representatives transmit duly
versity of Virginia, where she also earned
MARGARET HECKLER; JAMES MARTIN of
authenticated copies of this Resolution to
a graduate degree, and Laura Lee, a
North Carolina; MORGAN MURPHY of Illi-
Joe Bartlett; to The Cleveland Press; and
junior at Virginia Tech. Both girls were
nois; LINDY BOGGS, whose husband served
to The Plain Dealer, Cleveland.
honored to be selected to follow their
as a majority leader of this body and
mother as Ohio princesses in the Na-
then she succeeded him; GILLIS LONG of
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFOR-
tional Cherry Blossom Festival, so he is a
Louisiana; ROBERT ROE of New Jersey;
NIA, WASHINGTON PUBLIC AF-
good sire, as well as these other quali-
MARILYN LLOYD BOUQUARD of Tennessee;
FAIRS CENTER,
fications.
and the majority leader of the House
Washington, D.C., January 17, 1979.
While working for Congress, Joe at-
of Representatives, the Honorable
CLERK TO THE MINORITY,
tended George Washington University at
JAMES WRIGHT of Texas; and a former
House of Representatives,
night, and West Virginia Wesleyan Col-
colleague of ours, Clark MacGregor, who
Washington, D.C.
lege briefly during a recess of the House.
shares with us this moment.
Joseph D. Bartlett, trustworthy and dis-
In 1971, Salem College, Salem, W. Va.,
tinguished Clerk to the Minority of the
In addition to that, I have special or-
bestowed on Bartlett the degree of doctor
House of Representatives, has now served 40
der requests from Mr. ROBINSON of Vir-
of laws. He also has received a similar
sessions of Congress. He has served with dis-
ginia; from TENNYSON GUYER of Ohio;
honor from the Atlanta Law School in
tinction-always outstanding in meeting
from MORRIS UDALL of Arizona; and a
ever-increasing demands. But far more, he
Atlanta.
tribute from the Ohio House of Repre-
has provided a superb example of warm hu-
In addition to his duties as an em-
sentatives inserted by the State repre-
manity and civic culture which has stretched
ployee of the House, Joe has become a
sentative from Mechanicsburg, Ohio,
far beyond Capitol Hill to nourish the basic
well-respected and active member of the
whose father served as the Senator from
values and principles of American constitu-
Republican Party, and a dynamic force
Ohio, Charles Rockwell Saxbee of Dis-
tional government.
in Republican politics at the local, State,
trict 75; a letter from Chet Newland,
Joe Bartlett demonstrates by his behavior
and national levels.
the deeper meanings of human dignity and
professor of the University of Southern
Although he has served in this body
rule of law. At the same time, he knows by
California, Washington Public Affairs
on a bipartisan basis and is as respected
disciplined study and experience the con-
and held in affection by our friends on
Center, who praises you and wishes you
ceptual and practical dimensions of those
well.
the other side of the aisle as he is by
most basic values. He teaches them well by
I would also, Mr. Speaker, ask for the
example, and he also has a rare talent for
the minority party, his dedicated and
determined efforts have truly helped to
opportunity to insert in the RECORD not
articulating them.
only that resolution from the Ohio House
Joe attended the Federal Executive Insti-
strengthen our two-party system, and
of Representatives and the letter from
tute as a distinguished career Federal execu-
therefore, the very basis of our demo-
cratic form of government.
Mr. Newland; but the last biography of
tive while I was privileged to serve as FEI's
director. Of the superior participants in the
Joe, incidentally, will be the last
Joe Bartlett when he completed his serv-
Institute's major developmental program,
minority clerk of the House. His title has
ice as clerk of the minority of the House
Joe was clearly at the top in every respect.
been officially retired, and his successors
of Representatives.
He invariably helped others to perform at
will be titled counsel to the minority.
The material follows:
their best. He led effectively in groups, even
Joe now will be known as the clerk of
OHIO HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-H.R. No.
as a quiet participant. But he also spoke elo-
48
quently and with impressive knowledge when
the minority emeritus.
that was appropriate. He was a masterful
To those of us who have had the op-
Recognizing Joe Bartlett for his outstanding
teacher-and in all respects a most thought-
portunity to work with Joe, that title
service to the United States House of Rep-
ful student, always learning.
resentatives
will mean a great deal because of the
Joe's positive impact on executives and on
man behind it. Joe has given us a fine
Whereas, The members of the House of
government generally was recognized when
example of warm humanity and civic
Representatives of the 113th General Assem-
FEI alumni selected him as the principal
bly of Ohio, fully aware of the innumerable
culture that contributes so much to our
speaker at the Institute's Tenth Anniversary
contributions Joe Bartlett has made during
celebration in 1978. He was outstanding in
society. He has demonstrated by his
his eight years as clerk of the minority of
that role.
behavior the deep meanings of human
the United States House of Representatives,
The combination of vast practical knowl-
dignity and the rule of law. His friendly
take this opportunity to express our appre-
edge, informed political theory, and personal
smile, his great enthusiasm and his end-
ciation; and
integrity demonstrated by Joe Bartlett is ex-
less willingness to help, to befriend new
Whereas, A former resident of Chagrin
ceptional. His talent in working with people
Members, will always be remembered in
Falls, Joe Bartlett, prior to his election as
and helping them to surpass themselves and
this House by all of us who have served
clerk of the minority, served Congress for
his deep understanding of American govern-
seventeen years as the House Republican
here.
ment and politics make him a resource with-
reading clerk, having first acquired an inter-
out equal. He must continue to be utilized,
March 28, 1979
CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE
H 1791
for as an ever-growing, good human being,
While working for the Congress, Joe at-
seemed like he thoroughly enjoyed help-
Joe Bartlett will never be used up.
tended George Washington University at
ing us all and assisting us in any way he
With sincere, great respect,
night, and West Virginia Wesleyan College
could. We appreciate the great leader-
CHESTER A. NEWLAND,
briefly during a recess of the House. In 1971,
ship and guidance he gave us. He is a
Professor.
Salem College, Salem, West Virginia, bestowed
on Bartlett the degree of Doctor of Laws. A
great American. He not only devoted a
Joe Bartlett, the Clerk to the Minority of
year earlier he had been awarded a similar
great part of his life to working in the
honor by the Atlanta Law School, Atlanta,
House of Representatives and therefore
the United States House of Representatives,
Georgia.
working for his country but he con-
is the ranking Republican staff officer in the
House, and is elected to that position by the
The Marine Corps selected General Bartlett
tinued his great service in the military
Members of the Republican Conference at
to participate in Defense Strategy Seminar
by staying in the Marine Reserves rising
the beginning of each Congress. Joe is serv-
'75, of the National War College (National
to the position of general. We all miss
Defense University) in June 1975.
ing his fifth term as Clerk, having com-
On the nomination of the Speaker of the
him but we all wish him well, he and his
menced his unusual career as a House Page
House and House Minority Leader, Bartlett
lovely wife in their future endeavors.
in 1941, and having served seventeen years
became the first representative of the Con-
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Ithank the gen-
as House Reading Clerk.
gress to attend the Federal Executive Insti-
tleman from South Dakota.
A familiar voice in the Congress for many
tute at Charlottesville, Virginia. Completing
One of the many highlights of Joe's
years, Joe Bartlett is widely recognized for
Senior Session No. 33 in December, 1975,
his similar role as Chief Reading Clerk of the
distinguished career came in 1975 when
Bartlett was elected to deliver the graduation
Republican National Conventions. He has
he was nominated and confirmed as brig-
address, and subsequently to serve on the
been selected for that assignment since 1960,
Board of Directors of the FEI Alumni Associ-
adier general in the U.S. Marine Corps
and has served each convention since 1948,
ation.
Reserve. An overflow crowd of friends
when he was Chief of the Pages.
A frequent speaker at public events, Bart-
and well wishers that July day saw
Well into his 37th year with the Congress,
Bartlett is now "dean" of the legislative
lett was honored to be asked to make the
Marine Corps Commandant, Gen. Louis
address at the 102nd Memorial Day Services
Wilson administer the oath of office to
attaches. His service has spanned events of
momentous historical significance and rich
at Gettysburg National Cemetery. The U.S.
Joe and read the following letter:
personal experiences in association with some
Jaycees presented him their Distinguished
THE WHITE HOUSE,
two thousand Members of Congress, five of
Service Award for his work in helping to or-
Washington, July 10, 1975.
whom he has seen become President of the
ganize a Federal Affairs program for their
Brig. Gen. JOE BARTLETT,
United States. Of the Congressmen who were
membership. In 1969, as the author of a
U.S. Marine Corps Reserve,
there when Joe started as a Page, August 1,
patriotic essay, he received the George Wash-
Washington D.C.
1941; only three remain, and all three have
ington Honor Medal of the Freedoms
DEAR JOE: Knowing how much the Marine
announced this will be their final session;
Foundation.
Corps has meant in your life, and how much
they are not seeking re-election.
A member of numerous professional or-
the values which Marines cherish have con-
Erstwhile citizen of Chagrin Falls, Ohio,
ganizations, Joe has long been an officer of
tributed to your outstanding career of service
Bartlett continues to serve as an adjunct
the National Republican Club of Capitol
to the House of Representatives, I want to
member of the Cuyahoga County Republican
Hill, presently serving on its Board of
add my congratulations on this happy occa-
Executive Committee. Born in Clarksburg,
Governors.
sion for you and your fine family. Warm
Wast Virginia, August 7, 1926, Dorsey Joseph
Jinny and Joe Bartlett have two daugh-
good wishes. General, from a reserve Lieu-
Bartlett is the sixth of the ten children of
tenant Commander who got recalled to active
ters, Linda Louise (now Mrs. James L. Hob-
Flavius Dorsey Bartlett (deceased) and
duty.
good of Fredericksburg, Va.) who was grad-
Blanche Hacker Bartlett, both descendants
Sincerely,
uated "with distinction" by the University
JERRY FORD.
of early pioneer families.
of Virginia, where she also earned a graduate
Chosen as a lone delegate to represent West
degree, and Laura Lee, a junior at Virginia
Joe is truly the citizen-soldier-a
Virginia at a national safety convention in
Tech. Both girls were honored to be selected
patriot who unswervingly heeds the call
Washington, D.C., Joe was singled out as
to follow their mother as Ohio Princesses in
of his country in time of war and peace.
"America's Typical Schoolboy Patrolman."
the National Cherry Blossom Festival. The
No one could have a deeper and more
From this, came the opportunity to serve a
Bartletts make their capitol home in McLean,
30-day appointment as a Page in the House
abiding love for his country and desire
Virginia.
of Representatives, after which Joe continued
to serve it than Joe Bartlett.
2015
"without portfolio" for three years, graduated
Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, in the
from the Capitol Page School in 1944, and
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I thank the
book of Ecclesiastics we are directed:
joined the Marine Corps, to serve the remain-
gentleman from Ohio for those very good
"Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do,
ing months of World War II.
remarks and I yield now to the gentle-
do it with thy might." For 37 years of
Honorably discharged as a Private First
man from South Dakota (Mr. ABDNOR).
dedicated service to the House of Rep-
Class, Bartlett returned to the Capitol and
became, at 19, the youngest Chief of Pages on
Mr. ABDNOR. I thank the gentleman
resentatives, Joe Bartlett worked en-
record. He continued his reserve activities
from Ohio for yielding and I certainly
thusiastically at whatever task he was
and won a commission from the ranks as a
want to commend him for taking out
assigned. His trademark was unflagging
"meritorious NCO" when the Korean emer-
this special order. And I would just like
cheerfulness, a ready smile, and will-
gency broke out, during which he served a
to add my few words to the beautiful
ingness to tackle what needed to be
year with the Second Marine Division at
tribute that has been paid to Joe Bartlett
done.
Camp Lejeune, N.C. In the ensuing years Joe
and his lovely wife, Jinny.
Joe was active in many areas-and
had varied and world-wide reserve experience,
I would just like to say that I was not
rose to the rank of brigadier general
and was commanding VTU 4-1, Washington,
D.C., when he was selected for promotion to
a frequent visitor by any means to Wash-
in the Marine Corps Reserve. He was
flag rank.
ington prior to coming to Congress but
a familiar fixture at Republican Na-
Bartlett served as a Brigadier General in
I felt like I knew Joe Bartlett before I
tional Conventions, where he helped
the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve from July 1,
ever arrived here because I did have one
keep things flowing as official reader
1975 to July 1, 1978. At retirement ceremonies
thing in common with him. We were
and with his knowledge of parliamen-
on the parade field at historic Marine Bar-
racks, Washington, D.C., Marine Corps Com-
both frequent visitors to Chagrin Falls,
tary procedure.
mandant, General Louis H. Wilson, decorated
Ohio, where his wife was reared and
He served the Congress during a time
General Bartlett with the Legion of Merit
raised.
in which the Nation faced three wars
"for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the
Back in Chagrin when people knew
and many domestic crises. I know that
performance of outstanding services."
I was coming here I heard many, many
I speak for all my colleagues, those now
During basic training at Quantico in 1951,
wonderful things about Joe Bartlett and
serving as well as those who have served
Lieutenant Bartlett was among a small group
what a great fellow and American he
during the past four decades, in express-
of junior officers ordered to Washington for a
week of "hazardous duty" as escorts in the
was. Everything I heard from back in
ing our appreciation for all the hard
National Cherry Blossom Festival. Joe was as-
his second home was true. I heard Mem-
work Joe Bartlett put in to make our
signed to escort the Ohio Princess, Miss Vir-
ber after Member recite the assistance
jobs a little easier.
ginia Bender of Chagrin Falls, daughter of
he gave each of them when they came
I join my fellow Republicans in wish-
then-Congressman George H. Bender (de-
to Congress. The same was true with me.
ing him a long and fulfilling retirement,
ceased) and Mrs. Edna Bender. Romance also
The thing that went through my mind
and I know that whatever he turns his
blossomed, and the following year "Jinny"
as I look back is regardless of how much
hand to now, he will be doing it with
and Joe were married.
we imposed upon his time he always
all his might. That was Joe Bartlett's
way.
1792
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
March 28, 1979
@ Mr. GUYER. Mr. Speaker, Joe Bart-
vancing the cause of sound government
ice in the U.S. Marine Corps. Joe served
lett gave new dimensions to a long and
as assistant to a Virginia State senator
two tours in the corps, eventually re-
eventful career of public service. For 37
and lives in the Fredericksburg area,
tiring as a lieutenant colonel. But his
colorful years, Joe served in the House
where her husband is in charge of my
efforts and dedication did not end there,
of Representatives. From page to mi-
congressional district office.
either. Joe remained active in the Ma-
nority clerk, Joe was the epitome of
I am glad to be able to salute Joe on
rine Corps Reserve program and, in 1975,
service above self.
this occasion, and to extend best wishes
was rewarded with a promotion to brig-
Nobody was prouder of Ohio than Joe
to him, his wife, Ginny, and the rest of
adier general in the U.S. Marine Corps
Bartlett. Few esteemed his country more
his family.
Reserve.
than Joe. While he was Republican all
Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, today we
It is the Nation's ability to make men
the way, he never forgot that being a
pause for a few moments to pay tribute
of Joe Bartlett's character that is our
gentleman is the first requisite of good
to 37 years of dedicated and loyal serv-
hope and promise for a continued free-
citizenship.
ice to the House of Representatives by
dom and prosperity. Laurels, tributes,
Whatever new horizons Joe seeks, he
Joe Bartlett. I am proud to note that
thanks, and a hearty handshake to Joe
has cast a long shadow in the Nation's
Joe hails from my own 23d District of
on his retirement and career success.
Capitol. We all wish him and his family
Ohio. He further represents a proud
0 Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I rise to
new mountains to climb and new goals
family tradition of public service to the
join my colleagues in paying tribute to
to achieve.
Nation and to the Cleveland area.
Joe Bartlett, who was, until earlier this
@ Mr. ROBINSON. There have been
Joe's career with the House began in
year, minority clerk of the House.
several occasions on which it has been
1941, when he joined us as a page. He
Joe served the House for 37 years in
appropriate to express publicly a high
later became chief of pages, and then
a number of capacities including page,
regard for Joe Bartlett, and it has been
reading clerk. From May 11, 1970,
reading clerk, and finally from May 11,
a genuine pleasure for me to have such
through this past Congress, Joe served as
1970, through the 95th Congress, as mi-
opportunities.
minority clerk of the House.
nority clerk. To his job, Joe brought
I recall the occasion's of Joe's advance-
Joe Bartlett, always cheerful, helpful,
dedication and hard work, making the
ment to the grade of brigadier general in
and friendly, will be missed in our cor-
job of a minority member less arduous.
the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve-a very
ridors. I join in wishing Joe and his
In addition to his service to Republi-
unusual distinction for a reservist of that
family all of the best for the future
can Members of the House, Joe devoted
service. More recently, many of us at-
Mr. KINDNESS. Mr. Speaker, it is
a great deal of energy to occasional as-
tended the impressive retirement parade
certainly appropriate that we set aside
signments for the National Congres-
for him at the Marine Barracks in Wash-
this time today to pay tribute to a man
sional Campaign Committee, as secre-
ington.
who has given the major portion of his
tary of the Capitol Hill Club, where he
Now, it is with mixed feelings that we
life in service to the House of Repre-
was a member of the board of gover-
express again our admiration for Joe,
sentatives, and to the Government, and
nors, executive committee, and as an of-
because we are noting that he closed out,
the people of this Nation.
ficer of the Republican National Con-
as this 96th Congress began, a career of
Joe Bartlett's career is one which all
ventions since 1948.
service to the House spanning 37 years.
should envy, and which few could dupli-
Although he has devoted most of his
It was a remarkable record, and, while we
cate. He is truly the classic example of
working life to the House of Represent-
regret that Joe no longer is an officer of
the ideal public servant, thinking rarely
atives, it is significant to note that the
this body, we rejoice that he is able to
of his own needs and interests, but rather
Marine Corps has played an important
look back with satisfaction on SO long a
those of the public, and the House of
role in his life. Many of us recall July
service while still a relatively young man,
Representatives.
11, 1975, when the Commandant of the
and enjoying good health, the comfort
It gives me great pleasure to take this
Marine Corps, Gen. Louis Wilson, ad-
of a fine family and opportunity to ex-
opportunity to publicly commend Joe for
ministered the oath of office to newly
plore other opportunities to help preserve
his long years of dedicated service, and
promoted Brigadier General Bartlett.
and advance our systems of representa-
to thank him on behalf of the House of
By his service and dedication, Joe
tive government and free enterprise.
Representatives.
Bartlett contributed greatly to the House,
As others have recalled today, Joe join-
Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, this year
the Marine Corps, and his community. I
ed the House as a page in 1941. Later, he
witnesses the retirement of one of the
join my colleagues today in wishing him
was to be appointed chief of pages, read-
most dedicated public servants we have
well and extending our thanks for 37
ing clerk and, from May 11, 1970, through
had the good fortune to know. After 37
years of praiseworthy service
the 95th Congress, he was elected mi-
years of work in the House of Repre-
Mr. WALKER. Mr. Speaker, I am priv-
nority clerk of the House.
sentatives, Joe Bartlett decided to take
ileged and honored to join with my col-
That he did not have opportunity to
his leave. We will miss him.
leagues in the House of Representatives
serve as Clerk of the House was not be-
Joe first came to the House in 1941
today to pay well-deserved tribute to our
cause of any shortcoming of this dedi-
and worked as a page for the minority.
friend and indeed my very good friend,
cated man. This miscarriage of fate-
Within 3 years he learned the ropes
Joe Bartlett. While other Members will
probably the major disappointment of
well enough to be appointed Republican
undoubtedly outline the many accom-
Joe's long tenure with us-must be laid
chief of pages, and from there his career
plishments of Joe's distinguished career,
to the failure of the minority to preach
was a steady ascent in authority and
I would be remiss in not mentioning
its gospel effectively enough, or the fail-
respect, finally culminating in his ten-
some of the highlights as well.
ure of a sufficiently large segment of the
ure as minority clerk. Over the years I
Joe's dedicated service to the House of
national electorate to recognize the truth
was pleased to make his acquaintance
Representatives began in 1941 when he
of the message.
and even become friends with Joe, de-
became a page. From this position, Joe
After God, family and country, Joe
spite the fact that he insisted upon stay-
advanced to become the youngest chief
Bartlett's loves have been this House and
ing on the other side of the aisle. No
of pages on record at age 19, and then to
the Marine Corps-and his heart has
matter, intelligent men may differ in
House reading clerk. On May 11, 1970,
been large and vigorous enough to give
their political inclinations and, more
Joe was elected to serve as clerk to the
without stint, through the years, to all
important than any political opinion, Joe
minority of the House of Represent-
of these.
and I shared an experience that itself
atives, the position in which he served
While I cannot claim Joe as a con-
would make us friends in the face of any
through the 95th Congress.
stituent, I value highly the friendship of
adversity.
With Joe's retirement earlier this year,
the Bartlett family. There is a specific
Of course, I refer to Joe's career as a
we have lost a valuable and experienced
link to the Seventh Congressional Dis-
marine. And Joe Bartlett was not just
individual. I am sure that I speak for all
trict of Virginia, in that one of the
any marine. The loyalty and dedication
of my colleagues when I say that Joe
two attractive and intelligent Bartlett
that he brought to his public service in
Bartlett will be sorely missed not only by
daughters, Linda, has been active in ad-
the House was also brought to his serv-
the minority, but also the majority
March 28, 1979
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE
H 1793
Members of the House. Joe Bartlett was
his retirement, for he is a rare person,
so much a part of this House that the
but I wish him the best of all that life
gratulations for his full and dedicated
loss of his service is truly a major loss
has to offer in the future. He was a real
service to the House of Representatives.
to the institution.
credit to the U.S. Congress
I will alwavs be grateful for the many
Joe brought to the Congress not only
Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee. Mr.
kindnesses and friendship he has ex-
his wealth of experience within its halls,
Speaker, the brief remarks I am about
tended to me during our joint service in
but his interests as a distinguished mili-
to make are made with mixed feelings.
this body
tary leader, a student and a scholar, and,
I am grateful for the opportunity to pay
Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, Joe Bartlett
above all, a concerned American. Time
tribute to Joe Bartlett, but at the same
leaves a positive and important mark on
and again Joe Bartlett's ideas were
translated into legislation with little or
time I sincerely regret that he is retiring.
the House. Intelligent, fair, possessed of
no credit to the originator, but with full
While Joe has served primarily the
a brilliant and quick mind, he is univer-
knowledge that the source of those ideas
minority Members of the House I am
sally respected not only by his friends in
was a man whose wealth of experience
sure my colleagues on the other side of
the minority, but by all of us in the ma-
and interpretation of experience was de-
the aisle would agree that Joe has served
jority. For 18 years, I have worked with
the entire House with distinction.
Joe and always found him responsive and
serving of recognition and respect.
In addition to his service to the Con-
helpful to all Members.
My wife Sue and I extend our very
gress, Joe Bartlett has also distinguished
I have been privileged to be his neigh-
best wishes to Joe and his family for
bor in McLean where he is a favorite as
many healthy and happy years ahead.
himself in other ways. He is a devoted
husband and understanding father, and
well. I wish him all the best in his new
Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr.
I know that his fine family shares his
career.
Speaker, it is with great respect and ad-
pride on this day. He has served us in
Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, it gives
miration that we recognize Joe Bartlett
other ways as well. as a member of one of
me great pleasure to rise today to join
today. who for 37 years served his coun-
our proudest military forces, the U.S.
my colleagues in paying tribute to a
try in the House of Representatives as
chief of pages, reading clerk, and for the
Marine Corps. He joined the corps as a
long-term public servant, Joe Bartlett,
who retired earlier this year.
last 9 years as minority clerk of the
private during World War II, and 4
Joe came to the House in 1940 as a
years ago was promoted to the rank of
House.
30-day page. and through these many
brigadier general in the Reserves. which
Although Joe and I viewed the Capitol
years Joe climbed the ropes till reach-
from different sides of the political aisle,
was one of his proudest experiences.
Mr. Speaker, I could go on but I want
ing the position of minority clerk, where
his dedication, and abundant willingness
he served for 8 years.
to do a difficult job managed to cross
to give my colleagues ample time to ex-
But we are not here todav to review
party lines and confirm his reputation
press their feelings. So I will conclude by
Joe Bartlett's service. because his dedi-
on both sides of the House floor. Joe has
saying to you Joe, that you have been
cation and success speak for themselves.
succeeded in weathering the storms of
a great credit to this institution, and we
Rather. we are here to sav thank you
Washington through 9 Presidential
will all miss you. I wish you well in your
to this man who aided so many of us
terms and 18 Congresses. He has wit-
retirement, and hope that you will come
through the years. I think Joe's serv-
nessed a myriad of change-interna-
back to visit often.
ice to the House of Representatives will
tional and domestic, political and cul-
Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, it is
best be remembered for his unend-
tural. His knowledge of the Congress and
an honor to join in paying tribute to one
ing belief in the democratic system of
the arena in which we function is vast;
of the most conscientious and loyal serv-
government. and his dedication to those
and, as such, he will serve as an example
ants of the House of Representatives, our
principles. He gave more than 37 years
for all of us to follow many years after
former minority clerk, Joe Bartlett.
of outstanding service to the House, and
his departure.
Joe's association with this body goes
for those years I say, thank you, Joe.
All of us will miss Joe as the 96th Con-
back further than almost any Member
and best wishes for those wonderful re-
gress progresses. My wife, Lee, and I
of the House today. He began his distin-
tirement years ahead
would like to wish him the very best of
guished career, which spans more than
Mr. SLACK. I wish to join with those
luck in his retirement and to extend our
three and a half decades, as a House page
who are taking the occasion to express
thanks for a job very well done.
in 1941. From that beginning, he roes to
their admiration for our hard-working
Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I com-
become the chief assistant for this side
minority clerk, Joe Bartlett, who has
mend the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
of the aisle.
retired after 37 years of service in the
MILLER) for creating the opportunity
During those years, Joe received many
House of Representatives. He is a former
to pay tribute to Joe Bartlett, who re-
tributes and special recognition. He was
West Virginian whom I have known
cently retired as minority clerk of the
awarded the George Washington Honor
ever since I entered the Congress. and
House after 37 years of service to the
Medal of the Freedoms Foundation, the
down through the years I have admired
Congress. Joe started as a page in 1941,
Jaycees Distinguished Service Award for
his loyalty and sense of dedication to
and was chief of pages in the House and
assistance in Government Affairs pro-
this body. He was always helpful to
reading clerk along the way to become
grams, and was invited to speak before
Members of both sides of the aisle and
minority clerk. During those years he
distinguished organizations such as the
was extremely cooperative on all OC-
served the House capably and faithfully,
Brookings Institute and the Industrial
casions. We will miss him greatly. and
but he also served his country. Twice,
College of the Armed Forces. Everywhere
II hope that his years of retirement will
Joe left his congressional duties for
Joe went, he brought credit to himself
permit him to enjoy the leisure time
Marine Corps service, culminating in the
and to the House of Representatives.
which his many years of service to the
high honor of being commissioned a
Joe's second career, and his other love,
House has earned for him.
brigadier general in the Marine Corps
has been the Marine Corps.
Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, I wish
Reserve.
For nearly 30 years, Joe has been a
to join my colleagues in paying tribute
Joe was senior reading clerk when I
conscientious Marine Reserve officer who
to our friend, Joe Bartlett, who has re-
came to the Congress 10 years ago. We
has risen through the ranks from second
tired after 37 years of dedicated service
quickly developed a friendship which has
lieutenant to brigadier general. Twice, in
to the House of Representatives.
lasted over the years. His great abilities,
the spirit of a true citizen-soldier, he vol-
His concept of public trust was with-
his sense of humor, his humility: All
untarily left his position with the House
out parallel and in every position he
combined to make him a valued acquaint-
to go on active duty with the Marines.
held, he achieved distinction. His serv-
ance. We have had many discussions
With his unbounded energy and talent,
ice in all of his assignments was marked
during that time about issues which
Joe has been a great credit to both his
by a high sense of conscience and duty.
concerned us both. We agreed at time
careers.
Joe Bartlett possesses outstanding
and had strong differences at others.
Mr. Speaker, as a personal friend, I ex-
moral and intellectual qualities that are
But at all times I had total respect and
tend my warmest, best wishes to Joe, his
essential in carrying out the assign-
admiration for Joe and his principles. I
gracious wife, Jinny, and their two
ments that he has held down through
have missed our frequent meeting since
daughters, and I offer my heartiest con-
the years, utilizing at all times, sound
H 1794
CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE
March 28, 1979
judgment, patience, and perseverance.
Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I am
portunity to add a few words about my
His character, his achievements, and his
pleased to join in this tribute to a very
good friend Joe Bartlett. We miss Joe
faithful service will be an inspiration to
good friend of mine, Joe Bartlett.
from the House and we especially miss
generations yet to come.
I was disappointed when Joe resigned
his friendly smile and enthusiastic spirit.
I want to wish my friend, Joe Bartlett.
earlier this year because I hated to see
He has served our party well. Joe always
his lovely wife and family the best of
those of us on our side of the aisle lose
knew what was going on. He knew how to
everything in the-future.
the thoughtful assistance Joe always
sum up the issue in a few words. If you
Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I
provided and the inestimably valuable
needed facts, he could put his hands
am pleased to be able to join with my
experience he garnered in his 37 years
right on them.
other colleagues this afternoon to pay
of association with the Congress.
When I think of Joe Bartlett, I think
tribute to a truly outstanding and dedi-
Joe's career, first as a page, then as
immediately of two things. He was smart
cated former employee of this body.
chief reading clerk, and finally, as
and he was a marine. The fact. that he
Joe Bartlett was a friend to everyone
clerk to the minority of the U.S. House
was smart made him a tremendous asset
with whom he came in contact. It was
of Representatives, has been a unique
to us in his capacity to coordinate all the
certainly a pleasure to be associated with
one and one unlikely ever to be dupli-
activities on the floor. Being a marine
him in the House of Representatives and
cated. either in its breadth or in its
impresed me, since I am a Texan where
even though he was on the minority staff,
performance.
defense and love of country with strong
Joe was always very thoughtful to me
He has been a faithful servant of the
patriotism still gives us the measure of
and those of us on the majority side.
people of the United States not only
a good man.
During the first few years I was in
in his various capacities with the Con-
Joe should run for office and join us
Congress I was also a member of the
gress but also in his wartime military
here in Congress. He is a winner all the
National Guard and Joe was a member
service and his many years with the
way.
of the Marine Corps Reserve. I enjoyed
U.S. Marine Corps Reserve.
Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, it is a
being with General Bartlett at the vari-
Joe is truly a great American, and we
privilege to take part in this tribute to
ous military functions we would attend.
shall miss him and his good services.
our former minority clerk of the U.S.
Joe Bartlett's retirement is already
In attempting to convey the gratitude
House of Representatives and my long-
being felt in this body. We miss him, but
I feel and the respect I hold for Joe
time friend—Joe Bartlett. During my 16
at the same time we wish him the very
Bartlett, I am reminded of Sallust's
years in this body, I have come to know
best and hope he will come back to visit
speech on the state addressed to Caesar
many Members and staff personnel serv-
often.
in his later years:
ing the membership of the House, as well
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, if ever a
Experience has shown that to be true
as its committees. From the standpoint
man deserved to be called an institution
which Appius says in his verses, that every
of versatility of experience and depth of
it is Joe Bartlett. His long years as a
man is the architect of his own fortune; and
knowledge regarding the U.S. House and
House staff member enabled him to know
this proverb is especially true of you, who
the House as few know it, and to serve as
have excelled others to such a degree that
its operations, as well as a personal ac-
few have served it.
men are sooner wearied in singing the praises
quaintanceship with most of the Mem-
of your deeds than you in doing deeds
bers of the House during the period I
His knowledge and judgment made
worthy of praise.
have been here, Joe Bartlett stands at
him a valuable member of the minority
or near the top of the list.
team, and earned him respect and affec-
I wish for Joe continued success and
Mr. Speaker, we frequently hear ex-
tion on the other side of the aisle as well.
satisfaction beyond his fondest dreams
in all that he does.
pressions on the part of Members and
We will miss him. but his long and dis-
House personnel who exclaim, "I love the
tinguished career established a standard
Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, I would
House." However, I do not think that
to which all of us can aspire.
like to join with my colleagues in paying
tribute to our friend, Joe Bartlett.
anyone uttered these words with greater
Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, I rise to-
meaning than Joe Bartlett. Coming up
day to pay tribute to a man who has had
As the record shows, Joe started his
the hard way from a House page to a top
a distinguished career in service to the
career on Capitol Hill as a page for the
administrative role in the House of Rep-
House of Representatives for over 35
House of Representatives in 1941. He
resentatives-as minority clerk of the
years. Joe Bartlett began working in this
later served as chief of pages, reading
House—Joe Bartlett earned his spurs by
historic Chamber before a good many of
clerk and for the past 8 of his 37 years
reason of the excellence of his service
us who now serve here were even aware
of service was the minority clerk of the
and his steadfast application to the job.
of the existence of the U.S. House.
House. In addition, he has managed to
In addition to my close association to
In 1941, when Joe was working here as
combine his service in the House with
Joe Bartlett in our contacts here in the
a page, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was
a distinguished career in the Marine
House, I have been privileged to serve as
President of the United States, the
Corps rising to the rank of brigadier
part of the congressional Marine Corps
United States was on the brink of enter-
general in the Reserves.
group which owes its principal organiza-
ing what would become the Second
During his nearly four decades of
tional support to Joe Bartlett, a brigadier
World War, and within 5 years, that rare
service, Joe has made many friends.
general in the U.S. Marine Corps Re-
creature, a Massachusetts Republican.
However, I may be able to claim one
serve.
would become that rarest of all crea-
of the longest friendships. I first met
Mr. Speaker, I am sure that Joe Bart-
tures-a Republican Speaker of the
Joe in 1949 when we attended a Young
lett will move on from his service in the
House.
Republican Convention in Salt Lake
U.S. House to other activity, as I simply
And Joe Bartlett has been here through
City. Since then our paths have crossed
cannot believe that he could remain in-
it all, walking the corridors of history
many times and when I was elected to
active very long. In whatever direction
and constantly serving the Members of
Congress 11 years ago we were able to
his service leads him, the good wishes of
this House. His was a steady progres-
renew our acquaintance on a permanent
his friends here in the U.S. House will be
sion-page, chief of pages, reading clerk,
basis.
a supporting influence. We join today in
and, finally, 8 fruitful years as minority
Joe's many years of service to the
expressing appreciation to Joe Bartlett
clerk of the House of Representatives.
minority have been greatly appreciated.
for a job "well done" and extend to him
He was here to serve and to assist, and he
Because he was there faithfully doing
and to his lovely wife, Jinny, our con-
was able to have a career in which he saw
his job throughout many transitions, he
gratulations and our every good wish for
four Members that he had worked with
made our jobs a little easier.
healthy and happy lives together
daily succeed each other as President—
I am sure I speak for all my colleagues
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. I thank you, Mr.
former Congressmen Kennedy, Johnson,
when I thank Joe for his many years
Speaker, and I yield back the balance
Nixon, and Ford.
of service and to wish him the best in
of my time.
I will always be grateful for the kind-
his retirement.
nesses shown to me by Joe Bartlett when
Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
I came to this House. I wish him a long
I appreciate the gentleman from Ohio
and happy retirement.
yielding. I am pleased to have this op-
We all know how Joe worked his way
up through the ranks from his service
JOE BARTLETT RETIRES
as a page to. become minority clerk of
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
the House. We also know that if times
SPEECH OF
had been different, there is a strong pos-
SPEECH OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
sibility that Joe would have been Clerk
HON. W. HENSON MOORE
of the House of Representatives at some
OF ILLINOIS
time.
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
An individual attains such responsi-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
bility only through hard work and dedi-
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I
cation. Few could equal Joe on that
score. He has always given his full effort
Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, although
would like to take this time to salute my
to all he has done. We are going to miss
Joe Bartlett's tenure in puplic service to
good friend and retired minority clerk,
Joe Bartlett. Joe gave 37½ years of dedi-
him here in the House and we certainly
the House was established long before my
cated and faithful service to the House
wish him well as he turns his sights to
election to Congress in 1974, I found his
of Representatives and to his country.
other pursuits.
willingness to take me aside and explain
We appreciate the great inspiration and
Thirty-seven years in any career is a
the rudiments of floor procedure and in-
landmark, but Joe has done more than
teraction to be freely given when other
guidance he gave us.
put in his time. He has helped to make
requests for assistance from those he had
Joe served the House in a number of
history and on many occasions has seen
known far longer were also on his note
capacities including page, reading clerk,
and finally from May 11, 1970, through
it firsthand.
pad. His courtesy and responsiveness
Joe was always available to any Mem-
went far beyond the House floor as well
the 95th Congress, as minority clerk, and
to these duties, Joe brought dedication
ber who needed his advice or his assist-
in providing assistance to my staff. In a
ance. He did his work with a smile and
Congress where we often find it a major
and hard work. Joe Bartlett effectively
a sincere desire to be of help. He is a
task to get a telephone call returned in
carried out the assignments that he held
through the years, utilizing at all times,
patriotic American and proud of it. For
a timely manner, Joe Bartlett excelled
sound judgment, patience, and perse-
many years Joe also served in the U.S.
in speed and accuracy of information.
Marine Corps Reserve, rising to the rank
Along with this service of information,
verance.
of general. Joe Bartlett has served his
Joe always had a refreshing way about
With Joe's retirement, we have lost a
country well and deserves his well-
his conduct on the House floor. When
valuable, experienced and conscientious
individual. He was always accessible and
earned retirement.
others tired during the long hours of a
always willing to be of assistance, provid-
My wife Albra and I extend to Joe and
legislative session, his humor and inter-
ing good advice and wise counsel. Joe
his family our very best wishes for a
action with Members eased the tensions
maintained, throughout his distinguished
long and happy retirement. We add our
of the day. His memory of legislative bat-
career, an unsurpassed reputation for
thanks for his long standing friendship.
tles that preceded my service in Congress
We will miss having him as an official
provided insight on what to expect from
loyalty and honesty in performing his
member of the House staff, but know
others when presenting my own legisla-
duties, justly earning the esteem and
confidence of the Members from both
that he will continue to maintain his
tive initiatives on the House floor.
love for this Chamber and its people.
The record of Joe Bartlett in service to
sides of the aisle. He will be missed by all
of us.
May success and achievement continue
this Congress is a hallmark for others to
to be his trademark.
follow. He will be missed professionally
Not only did Joe devote a great part of
and as a friend, and I join my colleagues
his life to his country by serving the
in wishing him well in his future endeav-
House of Representatives, but proved he
ors.
is a great American by continuing his
service in the Marine Reserves. One of
JOE BARTLETT
the many highlights of Joe's career camè
in 1975, when he was nominated and con-
SPEECH OF
firmed as brigadier general of the U.S.
HON. J. WILLIAM STANTON
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
Marine Corps. Twice, he voluntarily left
OF OHIO
his position with the House to go on
SPEECH OF
active duty with the Marines. With his
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY
unbounded energy and talent, Joe has
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
been a great credit to both careers.
OF ILLINOIS
Joe is truly a solid citizen, a marine,
Mr. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, I am
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
very pleased to join with my colleagues
and a patriot. I wish to express my sin-
in expressing thanks to Joe Bartlett for
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
cere appreciation to Joe Bartlett for the
his many years of service to the House of
dedicated work that he did as minority
Representatives.
Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker.
clerk of the House.
I want to join my colleagues in paying
My wife, Pat, joins me in wishing Joe
The name, Joe Bartlett, is synonymous
and his patient wife, Jinny, and their
with the House of Representatives. Joe
tribute to Joe Bartlett, who retired after
family, the very best in the years ahead.
began his service in the House over 38
serving as one of this body's most well-
years ago. Since that time, he has served
liked and well-respected employees.
in many capacities and along the way
Few know this House, or love this
made thousands of friends.
House, as much as Joe did. First starting
as a page, Joe worked his way up the
JOE BARTLETT
Anyone who is fortunate to know Joe
ladder to chief page, reading clerk and
Bartlett knows the great love and ad-
finally, minority clerk. The experience he
SPEECH OF
miration he has for this House. I have
gained during his 37 years here gave him
HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON
had constituent after constituent say
a unique perspective that was fascinating
that the entire place seemed to come
to all of us. Though Joe worked on the
OF CALIFORNIA
alive when Joe Bartlett was explaining
other side of the aisle, he was always ex-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
it to them.
tremely thoughtful toward those of us
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
To Joe and Ginny and their wonderful
on the majority side.
family, I express my sincerest thanks
Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr.
Mr. Speaker, I wish the very best to my
and extend to Joe many happy years of
Speaker, it is a real personal pleasure
good friend Joe Bartlett. along with his
future endeavor.
to join my colleagues in this tribute to
wife Jinny and family. May he enjoy life
to the fullest as he pursues his interests
a very fine human being and a very
outside this body
loyal servant of the House of Repre-
sentatives, Joe Bartlett.
I wish Joe continued success and hap-
piness in his retirement. We shall cer-
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
tainly miss him.
SPEECH OF
SPEECH OF
HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO
HON. RICHARD C. WHITE
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
OF TEXAS
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR.
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
OF NEW JERSEY
Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, I am
Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, over the
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
pleased to take this opportunity to join
years that I have been in Congress I have
Thursday, March 29, 1979
my colleagues and friends in honoring
had a friend who has consistently dem-
Joe Bartlett, who recently retired as
Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I want to
onstrated an unpretentious and unselfish
minority clerk.
join with my colleagues in recognizing
friendship first established on the com-
Joe was minority clerk when I was
an outstanding public servant who has
mon bond of service in the Marine Corps.
first sworn into the House of Represent-
given this House 37 years of competent,
When there is true friendship, it tran-
atives in 1973, and I quickly learned
dedicated work. As Joe Bartlett enjoys
scends politics. Those who have been in
from my colleagues that he was one of
his retirement after serving in this
the corps discover that fraternal rela-
the ablest officers of the House. For
House since 1941, I want him to know
tionships exist on the outside among
over 37 years, he distinguished himself
that his many friends here, on both sides
those who have shared common experi-
as a public servant and a staunch
of the aisle, will miss him greatly.
ences and similar hazards.
Republican.
I have had the privilege of knowing
Gen. Joe Bartlett has been the cement
Like myself, most Members in this
Joe personally for nearly three decades,
that has bound all hill Marines together
and I am pleased that my colleagues
and has enlivened the liaison between
House have served with Joe over the
have have seen fit to honor this man
the active corps and the "Few Good
years and have learned to respect his
political savvy, his knowledge of the
who has served so long and so faithfully.
Men" who won't acknowledge that the
House of Representatives, and his will-
The same courage and concern-and
years are advancing.
respect for the institutions of govern-
Joe loves Congress, loves the institu-
ingness to work for the good of the party.
ment-which helped make him a briga-
tions of this Nation, and has reveled in
In my judgment, it is not surprising
dier general in the Marine Corps also
being a part of the evolutionary process
that, with the retirement of Joe Bart-
that has advanced this Nation to its
lett, the title of "minority clerk" will no
contributed to his effectiveness in the
longer be used. Because I doubt there is
various roles he held in this House—
great stature. He is leaving before I feel
his time has come to leave, but I am sure
anyone who can fill the job the way Joe
serving as a page, then as chief of pages,
that along with his lovely wife and fine
Bartlett did, and his retirement really
reading clerk, and finally as minority
is the end of an era. Joe started out as
clerk of the House.
family he will be contributing to the con-
tinued glory of his country, the corps,
a House page in 1941 and served 17 years
Joe's dedicated service to the Congress
and the community in which he settles.
as House reading clerk. Moreover, he has
and to the people of this country, while
We all wish Joe and his family the best,
served as chief reading clerk at every
it may have gone unnoticed by the pub-
which they richly deserve.
Republican National Convention since
lic, is highly deserving of our apprecia-
1960.
tion and of our praise.
Mr. Speaker, Joe Bartlett's service to
I am happy to join my colleagues in
sending Joe my gratitude and best wishes
SPEECH OF
the United States, to the Congress, and
to the Republican Party places him
for a happy and healthy retirement.
HON. DAVID C. TREEN
among the small group of Americans
OF LOUISIANA
who have dedicated their lives to pub-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
lic service and who have earned the re-
JOE BARTLETT
spect and friendship of members of both
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
political parties.
SPEECH OF
Mr. TREEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the
I join my colleagues in wishing him
greatest rewards of my first 6 years in
well and extending my personal grati-
HON. M. CALDWELL BUTLER
the Congress was the privilege of know-
tude for his years of loyal unstinting
OF VIRGINIA
ing Joe Bartlett. As the minority clerk,
service.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Joe was always ready and cordially will-
ing to assist me and my colleagues in
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
every possible way.
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
Mr. BUTLER. Mr. Speaker, I would
Joe Bartlett is one of the most opti-
just like to take a brief moment in this
mistic and patriotic citizens I have ever
SPEECH OF
special order to associate myself with the
met. His faith in America and in the
remarks of the gentleman from Ohio
House of Representatives was an inspir-
HON. GILLIS W. LONG
(Mr. BROWN) and state for the record
ation to me every day I saw Joe. He
OF LOUISIANA
that I take great pride in the friendship
served this institution well, especially
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
of Joe Bartlett. The assistance and co-
those of us in the loyal opposition.
operation he gave me both as a new
Joe has a vision for reorganizing this
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
Member of the Congress and one who be-
House to serve the mushrooming de-
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Speaker,
came, after time, more familiar with the
mands on the Congress. I drew upon his
it is with much pleasure that I join with
rules and proceedings of the House was
proposal for the central theme of my
my colleagues in congratulating Joe
always most helpful, reliable and pro-
introduction to "Can You Afford This
Bartlett on his 37 years of distinguished
fessional. Joe was unfailingly courteous
House." I hope Congress will adopt Joe
service as an officer of the House of Rep-
and I am indeed grateful for the privi-
Bartlett's ideas for managing our work-
resentatives.
lege of knowing him and wish him many
load. But I hope even more that this
As page, chief of pages, reading clerk,
years of good health and happiness.
Congress and this country will be blessed
and finally minority clerk of the House,
by many more men who love their coun-
Joe Bartlett has proven to be an invalua-
try as deeply as Joe Bartlett.
ble asset to the operation of this institu-
It is a pleasure to join my colleagues
tion. A dedicated public servant and true
in wishing Joe many more years as happy
gentleman, Joe easily won the respect
and rich as those he spent with us as
and friendship of Members and staff from
minority clerk.
both sides of the aisle.
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
TRIBUTE TO JOE BARTLETT
THE HOUSE WILL MISS GENERAL
SPEECH OF
JOE
SPEECH OF
HON. BOB WILSON
HON. GUY VANDER JAGT
SPEECH OF
OF MICHIGAN
OF CALIFORNIA
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OF ILLINOIS
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I feel
Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, I
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
like I have known Joe Bartlett forever.
want to take this opportunity to salute
one of the finest individuals known- to
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I am
When I first came to Washington in
this Chamber, Joe Bartlett, who recently
pleased to have this opportunity to join
1952, Joe was here in this Chamber to
greet me, to guide me through the intri-
retired from his position as minority
with so many of my colleagues and to
cacies of House routine and to counsel
clerk after 37 years of service to the U.S.
express by appreciation for the many
me. I heeded his advice then and have
House of Representatives.
years of dedicated service to the House
heeded it ever since. As we all will, I will
All of us who have served in the House,
and its Members and to me personally
certainly miss Joe.
and especially those of us who are on
rendered by Joe Bartlett. When I first
Joe Bartlett has been an important
the minority side, realize and appreciate
came to Capitol Hill in the late forties
the fine assistance and guidance which
as administrative assistant to former
part of our lives and our work here. His
patience, his wisdom, and his unflagging
Joe has provided during his years of
Congressman Velde, Joe was then serv-
good humor have helped us over some
service. Starting out "at the bottom" in
ing as a chief page. He briefly interrupted
1941 as a page, Joe has become a real
his service to the Congress to serve
mighty rough spots. A man of exceeding-
ly high integrity, if Joe said- something
fixture in the House and has been par-
his country in the Marine Corps. Joe
was so, you could take his word and put
ticularly invaluable as minority clerk,
has always After
giving counsel, guidance and a sem-
his stint of active duty he returned to
it in the bank. Though he was ostensibly
blance of order to this body which has
his first love-the U.S. Congress-but
a Member of the minority side, his wise
a tendency, from time to time, to resist
even then became the most active Ma-
counsel was available to all-and we all
used it.
orderly procedures.
rine reservist on Capitol Hill and they
Joe served his country both here in
Few Americans are really familiar with
recognized his services and value by pro-
this House and with distinction as a Ma-
the operations of the Congress, and the
moting him right to the top. When he
rine Corps officer, retiring from the corps
vital contributions made by staff be-
retired this past year he was holding the
hind the scenes by persons such as Joe
rank of brigadier general. He will always
with the rank of brigadier general. He is
one of the most patriotic men I have ever
Bartlett. Perhaps this situation might
be General Joe to us.
change somewhat with the introduction
During his lifetime service here on the
met, a man who feels a true pride in his
country and an obligation to serve it well.
of televised proceedings in this House,
Hill he was our reading clerk for some
and it is unfortunate that Joe will not be
17 years and holds the record for the
Joe, we thank you for your many years
of loyalty and dedication. We are going
around to stand in the eye of the cam-
call of rollcalls before the days of elec-
to miss you, but wish you and Jinny well
eras. Nevertheless, Joe would be a famil-
tronic voting. Beginning in 1960, he be-
in your well-deserved retirement. We ask
iar face to most Americans, and his dis-
came the chief reading clerk at each suc-
tinctive voice would be recognized from
ceeding Republican National Conven-
only that you keep in touch so that we
his duties at the podium of Republican
tion. Joe had completed four terms of
will continue to have the benefit of your
National Conventions.
service as clerk to the minority and he
wisdom, guidance, and friendship.
Joe's contributions to his country have
served each and every Member to his
utmost.
not been limited to his valuable service to
the Congress and the Republican Party.
To Joe. Bartlett we say thanks for his
JOE BARTLETT
He joined the U.S. Marine Corps in
many years of service and true dedica-
1944, and served during the final months
tion to this institution he loved so well.
of World War II. He continued his re-
To his wife, Jinny, the lovely and charm-
SPEECH OF
serve activities and served as a commis-
ing Cherry Blossom Princess whom he
HON. JOHN W. WYDLER
sioned officer during the Korean conflict.
married in 1952 and his two daughters,
OF NEW YORK
His service to the Marine Corps has con-
Linda and Laura, I extend to them best
tinued, and Joe retired from the Marine
wishes for the future. I know Joe's star
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Corps Reserve last year at the flag rank
is still in the ascendancy and we will
Wednesday, March 28, 1979
level.
be hearing more from him.
Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, Joe Bart-
Joe Bartlett's entire career has been
lett is a fine person who served his coun-
marked by this type of success, rising
try and our Congress well over the years.
from a Marine Corps Private to a Briga-
The contribution he made is one that
dier General, beginning his career with
those of us who spent our time on the
the Congress as a temporary page, and
floor of the House know very well. The
ending it as the top Minority employee.
rest of the people do not. The fact, is,
My wife, Carol, and I extend our very
however, that this great legislative body
best wishes to Joe and his lovely wife,
depends on many sources of strength, not
Jinny, for many more years of success
the least of which are those who staff it
and happiness.
and make it function smoothly and well.
Joe Bartlett did a good job, and I am
glad and proud to have known and
worked with him
E 6000
Congressional Record
United States
of America
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE
95
CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
But this summer when Joe was about
The citation folder included an official
to conclude his Active Reserve service, I
letter from Commandant General Wilson
GEN. JOE BARTLETT AWARDED
was surprised that many still did not
in parting gratitude to General Bartlett:
THE LEGION OF MERIT
know this side of Joe's life. Part of it is
his own fault, because Joe has always
WASHINGTON, D,C.,
June 28, 1978.
HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN
felt that it was prudent to "run at peri-
Brig. Gen. D. J. "JOE" BARTLETT,
scope depth" and to "keep a low profile"
McLean, Va.
OF OHIO
as a Marine.
DEAR JOE: Upon your transfer to the Re-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Joe laughed when told me of one
tired Reserve. I want to express my personal
Saturday, October 14, 1978
Member who confirmed he was going to
appreciation for your more than 30 years of
the retirement parade, but he looked
service to Corps and Country.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I
right at Joe and said:
No one knows better than you the demands
do not want this session to close without
taking time to congratulate, for the rec-
But you know, I really don't know this
of reserve service. You have devoted your-
"General Dorsey Bartlett," do I?
self fully to two professions; a citizen in
ord, my good friend Joe Bartlett on the
the civilian community and a Marine. As a
recent completion of his service as a
Well, the stands at Marine barracks
Marine you have constantly stood ready to
U.S. Marine Corps Reserve officer.
were full of those who did know our
serve our Corps.
All of us are familiar with the splen-
"General Joe," and who felt very proud
During the years, despite your pressing re-
did service Joe has performed as a
when he marched out there resplendent
sponsibilities as a member of the Staff of
minority staff officer here in the House,
in his dress white uniform, to receive his
the U.S. House of Representatives, you
but fewer of us are aware of the devo-
final salute and to review the magnifi-
sought and explored every opportunity to
tion he has given to his avocation as a
cent parade in his honor.
advance the best interests of the Marine
member of the Marine Corps Reserve.
And their pride peaked when they
Corps and individual Marines, and you were
never too busy to respond to any request to
We may know that Joe began his serv-
heard the citation read:
assist the Corps. As special assistant to the
ice to the House as a page in 1941, but
The President of the United States takes
Director, Training and Education Division
you may not know that when he grad-
pleasure in presenting the Legion of Merit to
you were very instrumental in conducting
uated from the Page School in 1944 he
Brigadier General Dorsey J. Bartlett, United
several comprehensive studies on defense in-
States Marine Corps Reserve, for service as
immediately joined the Marines to serve
stallations and activities around the world;
set forth in the following citation:
the remaining months of World War II.
the most significant of which was your excel-
"For exceptionally meritorious conduct in
lent and in-depth report on the status of
He was serving as our chief of pages
the performance of outstanding service as
Navy/Marine Corps Activities on the islands
when, in 1950, he was commissioned a
Special Assistant to the Director of Training,
of Culebra and Vieques. There are many more
second lieutenant in the Marine Corps
Headquarters, United States Marine Corps
testimonials of your dedication, willingness
Reserve as a "meritorious' NCO," and
from July 1975 through March 1978.
to sacrifice, patriotism, and professional ex-
was called back to active duty to serve a
"During his tenure, Brigadier General
cellence, too numerous to mention here.
year with the Second Marine Division at
Bartlett rendered sound counsel and advice
It has been a source of great pride that
of inestimable value which transcended the
Camp Lejeune.
men of your caliber and ability give so freely
confines of his. assignment to a more direct
and helpfully of their time and talents in
Back at the Capitol, Joe became House
application to all Marine Corps programs. A
the interest of the Corps. Most certainly you
Reading Clerk and earned a commend-
persuasive and dynamic leader, his innovative
exemplify the very finest of this group whose
able reputation in that role, but at the
management style, concise analytical ability
support is so vitally important if the Corps
same time he organized the congression-
and vast experience as a public servant
is to continue to make its fullest contribu-
al Marines fraternal group and became
lent credence and authenticity to all projects
tion to our national security.
active in Navy-Marine Corps Composite
with which he was associated. Directly in-
The Marine Corps has been fortunate to
volved in evaluations which dealt with the
Company 5-48.
have you as officer of Marines. not just
entire spectrum of military training, instal-
Through that reserve unit and other
because of the contributions you have made
lations, and national defense interests, Brig-
to the Corps of todav. but perhaps more im-
special assignments, Joe became increas-
adier General Bartlett's in-depth knowl-
portant. is the example you leave- for Ma-
ingly knowledgeable about U.S. defense
edge of the Marine Corps Reserve provided
rines of tomorrow. As you depart our ranks.
interests around the world, and took part
an essential perspective to the implications
your many friends in the Corps join Jane and
in active duty inspections of just about
of "Total Force." As a seasoned practitioner-
me in extending to you and Jinny our very
every vital area of concern. This was in-
of the legislative process, his astute guidance
best wishes for continued success, the best of
valuable professional development for a
was a continuing factor in the development
health, and much happiness in the years to
of Marine Corps legislative policy.
Reserve officer, and Joe regularly earned
come.
"Brigadier General Bartlett's superb ac-
Sincerely,
promotions, known to but few outside
complishments, perceptive judgment, and
LOUIS H. WILSON.
the unit.
selfless devotion to duty reflected great credit
General. United States Marine Corps,
Some learned in 1975 when, as com-
upon himself and were in keeping with the
Commandant of the Marine Corps.
manding officer of VTU 4-1, Joe was se-
highest traditions of the Marine Corps and
lected for promotion from colonel to
the United States Naval Service.
As one who' values Joe Bartlett's
brigadier general, and the President sent
For the President:
friendship and appreciates his service to
his nomination to the Senate for confir-
W. GRAHAM CLAYTOR,
our country, I join in this salute on the
Secretary of the Navy.
mation. Members of the "other body"
culmination of his active Reserve service,
had to explain that, yes, "Dorsey J.
And the Commandant of the Marine
but if I know Joe, he will continue the
Bartlett" who was about to become a
Corps, Gen. Louis H. Wilson. stepped for-
march, and keep the creed, "always
general was, in fact, their old friend,
ward and decorated Joe with the coveted
faithful."
Joe Bartlett, and they joined in a chorus
Legion of Honor Medal, a fitting tribute
Our heartiest congratulations to you,
to his extraordinary service.
Joe.
of rare acclaim.
(NOT PRINTED AT GOVERNMENT EXPENSE)
The View From the White Hame Seymour
H. Fersh
FYI
6W's Chamber first SOU delivered in senate
GW's diam "according to appointment,
at 110 'clock, D set out for the lity
Hall in my coach, preceded by
FYI
Colonel Humplrey of Majr. Jackson
in unifam Conmy two white
howes) & followed by Mesars. Lear
on horaeback, following them. p.8
Nelson, in my Charcot, & Mr. have
6W didn't outtine spec-ley - instead
restricted himally to a gen. inumeration
of only areas he thought needed cong. - al
attention p. 9
6W's gen SOU pattern = quiting &
rel thanaquing, skin are whiteing
acene devoting knief He to
FYI
various subjects Ino details)
does
Fuot address, started practice
of sending along messages from
calunet appricie. p./o
concluding Tof 1794 SOU
"het us unite, :0, in imploing
the Sup Ruler of nations to spread
TM
his holy protection over these
US;
to perpetuate to am country
that prosperity wh His gradness
has already confined NTO verify
the anticipation of this Hout
being 11 a I afequard to human nights 4
P
long uply (1790) - "Future of perhaps
rapaccous Presidents may he the
1/4
durk + despatic Cursars of america
do it the duty of Cong, R they in
wnacines haund to endanger the
pol system by paying complimint?" 12
1st message - accession of, NC,
uparted Indian hustitities
fasclitation of intercares intry
chotant parts of country by
due attentran to PO past
133000
roads
Educ - "Knowledge is in every country
the oursest basis of public happiness.
In one in wh the measures of govt
FYI
received their impressions oo
issimed from the senal of the comm
as amo it is proportionably examintial. "p.13
l
Jefferson: manner of or statesman offering
universaly good advice rather than
chief ever initiating policy. sketched
position in generalized way w/statements
of principle p.18
Reports on explorations.
Madison, Manor + JQQdams - annual
duel
message more itemized Y more dull; longer
Mas read by the public - "more like
a lantun hanging from the stum of
the ship of state than like a searchlypt
scanning the unlit conver ahead. c p' 21
These JQ adams SOU = business - like
summary comme what a coporation
pus weld submit to his heard of directors
annual missage = unimational, delivrate,
stars
of uninspering.
Wildson a
andrew Jackson: fashioned SOU into
matt platform of appealed for his
re: 10.38 as
programs over heads of lawmakers
to the public at large P 28
Piece (w/ant institation from long)
does
delivered written message & several
accompanying documents. p.37
jon pattern of mid-19th century missages
religious thanksgirung; superficial
remiew of passign offairs; detailed
summary of dept-al reports; final H
expressing confidence in future of
nation, A1 38
after 1850 the abolitionists were consistently
singled out for castigation in the ansual
IK>
messages as one of the groups responsible
for famenting radical dottrines &
Rtars
working contre the natt interest. p. 40
Jackson
Lincoln faced w/long appoartion, saw SOU
addresses as medium to address nation;
a message supposedly to lung loudspeaker
to people P. 45
stars
Lincoln sacrified detailed factual
reporting in favor of discribing admin
does
proposals - more emphaois on readability
V impact. Statistical bulk kept to
minumum by greater release on
transmission of Cab repts to long. p.45
Under himoln's pen, annual message
stars
reachedone X of highest peaks of presting
consequence Factual uparting
continued but on a smaller X liss
detailed scale. as precidency became
more forceful, annual report became
correspondingly more aignif; x
conversely, Linealns dramatic
moe of message helped upgrade
the office. p. 47
last SOU
Pink:
Chester anthur, 1883 (?), concluding I:
"The presuration of fousts on the
public domain, the granting of
the amendment of the fed Const
20 as to make effective the
disapproved by the Pres of
particular stims to approp bills
a the determining of vexed quistions
respecting presidential inability."
p.56
stars?
Leterary style made comeback w/
Linceln X fohnson, who both needed
public support in then roles as
strong execs, using striking
phraseology of appials to emotion.
EQP true of Lincoln referred to
dutter rept w/summations,
leaving himself free to concentrate
on put examination of incial
raines. Hu never forgot he was
the one w/thool he led - he avoided
the anote, preferring a simplicity
of expression wh carried conviction.
-much quoted From 1862 SOU p.59
A. hypealn to Certher,
p.60-1
Traver Ueveland concentrated his
vww
entire 1887 500 to a single issue
the tariff. His reasoning was based on
does
belief that this innovation "bing
an absolutely new departure, mild in
itself forms the attention of the
country "cmol comment discussion
recommending This was indice
of the resine wh her was so urgently
a "new departure signified that
the mess age need not he a routine
obligation for an exec who was
venturisom p.63
1887 missage concluded w/uminder
does
that dept-al reports outmitted to
Cong along w/annual rept "contain
futl of explicit info
Unieland succeeded in calling taiff
issue sharply to public attention &
forced his own party to lopouse
tariff refurm the electron p.64-5
mckinley avg length = 20,000 words.
Did not make for pagelar rdg &
duel
definitely interpered w/ Pres's
effectivences in getting his paint
of new across to the public
Puter Finley Dunn lampoon:
"Did ye r.read th privident's missage?
usked mr. Dooley.
"I and not, said Mr. Hunnessy.
"well, ye-re reght. said the
philosopher. "I didn mesilf. 'Tis
manny years since I give up my
devotion to that form in fiction. it I
don't think anny wan reads 9
message but the clers in the house
in riprisintatives, an' he has to hold
his job. "p.68
"Stevardship Theory"
Exception: TR. Uearly took initiative
in leg process "In theary the Exec
has nothing to do w/leg. In practice,
stars.
as things R now, the Exce is as ought
to be peculiarly representative of the
people as a whole. as often as not
the action of the Exec offers the only
means by wh the people can get the
by they demand X aught to have."
all of his anmual missages 4 langest
ever delivered lall written).
However, aimed rept at am &
world audience. Consisted of
atars
about ess any type commentaries an
multitude of onlys. Very readable,
stimulating. pp. 64-70
135
1
164
stars
TR's S&U lengths most likely did
limit their effectiviness - p.73
noft long favored dominance
1911, Tafet speit annual message into
series of four messages, NY Triluene
hailed this innovation in an
does
editorial: "dn presenting his
annual message to long in parts, each
devoted to a single pubject, Pres.
Tabt makes a moeful break in 9
custom wh was becoming hurdinsome.
Pres's messages, w/the imp x complexity
of the tapics treated in them, had
grown too long for the public to read."
p.74
rift
TR: "The wave will recede; but the
tide will advance. "p.77
Pico Wilson fumly believed in
Exec leading leg Broke 112- yr
presedent of delivered SOU in
person. p.81
stet
Mussage dealt /single topic of taiff
refarm - attendant ceremony &
speech itself took less than 10 min.
NYT cantious of new procedure, but
did admit certain improvements- 1
tas
spoken message haund to be
sharter of "So the day of long
messages has passed the country The
is to he congratulates.
wonder is that in 7 yes TR never
thought of this way of stamping
his personality upon his age. p.81
"The extraordinary signif of SOU
staw
message today owes much to [his]
imagination & initiatise. " wifred
E. Binkley p.81
WW: "d shall ask your indulgence
if I venture to depart in some
degree from the monal customs of
sitting before you in formal
review the many matters wh have
engaged the attention "called for the
Dont action of the several depts of
because the list is
long, very long, & weld suffer in
the abbrev to wh l shed have to
dues
only it d shall submit to you
the reports of the heads of the
several depts, in wh these onlys
R act farth in careful detail "p. 82
1916 - (18 min) Wilson restricted her
rept to a call for further mattment
of unfinished phases of his
dom program. Hus admin had
already provided leadership for
more ump leg than any since
Lincoln. P. 86
F1,
**
WW: In Umerica "the instrument
of all reform is the ballot"
those who propose "any other
method of refreem R. inemia
of this country u (1919) p.87
Harding re est trend new profuse,
servey - type message wh lost its
way in a maze of topics abitrarily
lumped together. Fimily believed
in p.88 long's prerogatire in leg leadership.
does
Harding
started practice of Qubmitting Budget
Message w/annual message
headquess
Coolidge -long messages. Long leadership.
NYT Common misfortune of the
Pris-al annual Message is that they
a/5/38
tend to become a catch-all Being
that they often catch nothing. "7.90
docs
1923 - am hegion submitted leg program
FRR- - 2 a Wilson, finely knit
unified speech, w factual reporting
kept to a minimum 102
1st address = 22 min
102
Dec 7!
"d come before you
not to make
requires for special or detailed items
I
tab
of leg; d come, rather, to councel
w/you, who, like myself, have been
selected to cany out a mandate
of the whole people. " 102
Deength-
1934 specif ruommendations
additional
"Ind new Deal" - 1,0,3, &, "I am
does.
now ready to outimit to long 9
broad program designed uttimately
to not all 3 of these factors of
security " 103
1944 & 1945 - FDR outmitted written
atais
message to long & delisured shorter
version an radio Ctoo in to appear
before long.)"
104-5
1945 writ message ran over
8,000 words - more than twice
tass
us long as most of his yearly reports.
Press conf: "Terrible. I am
whamed of it. But ito wasting.
Wastime produces things out of
proportion.' 105
1956
all n . 4 alln. 4
James m Bunns: Probably no am
politician has geneer so many
stars
speeches that were essentially
alimon rather than statements
of policy hike a preacher he
wanted & expected his sermans
to cerve as practical guides to
the people. 106
Truman, 1946 SOU radio address of
Jan 3 - followed by combined annual
does
of Budget message submitted to long
on Jan. 17. 110-11
does
1947 - 7.000 wd SOU address; 30, 000 wd.
writ Econ Rept; 1626 pg Budget Message 112
dull
By 1952, NYI yearned for return of
to more personalizies Sav:
Unfortunately, mi. Juman lacks
the inspired eloguence d the personal
magnetion that cld be usefully
employed in such times as this
to pull all groups & all factions
together in peroic faction fashion
for a common effort." 112
Luman
abdictary message - "as we continue
to confound Sar expectations, as
our world grams stronger, more
united more attractive to men
on both sides of the iron curtain,
then ineritably there will come
a time of D w/in the Comm world
We do not know how that D will
come about, whither by deliberate
decision in the Kremlin by
coup d etat, by revolution by
defection of satellites, or perhaps
by some inforcen combination
of such factors as theop." 115
Equitch long/Pres]
lke - 1956 press conf., wanted it
understood that he intended to work
recommendations
K not m them to pass
the time away or to look good He
was gaing to work for their enactment.
make no mistake about that. That was
exactly what he was in the WH for &
what he intended to do." 115
all in all, lkip SOU's were long
dull
an documentation short on dramatization
in sharp contrast to the carefully hime &
appeals of Wilson FDR. 116
lke, 1956 voiced hope of 20 minute
dull
address. all -7500 wd mess. writ
message to long - BUT 7-minute
personal summary from Key West. 117
1954
duel
NYT expressed regret at passing of
dramatically fouse a a address - but
d in the times - those
days R gone forever when the probo
were fairly simple the Pres cld gene
the 'sou' in a few hundred words. "N7
1958 - WH considered innovation.
Pres weld give 10 -min "ustain
raises" x let the clerks finish
delivering message. nothing
came of it. Ended up delivering
45- min address.
dull
NYT editorial paid although many
liked the tone, "mr. Eisenhower
used too broad a brush in presenting
his program. at outoet gave 2
tasks conforting country but
itemized outtine of 8 areas requiring
action preductably loot impact on
rapidly twing audience. 118
1959 1960 both 45-min. allen
duel
Druny ha, "Looking somewhat reluved
the Pres departed; looking somewhat
bared the Senate w/drew. 118
DON T FORGET NIXON! !
Epilogus
p.132 1st full 41
E
In researching the SOU, of tho
past, it became clear that the
more true leaders of the past
tended to limit deliver shorter
addresses & presented a thematic
list approach rather than a laundry
GW, Jefferson - both long reived presog of
Jackson -
Lincoln- -
TR -
Wilson- -
FDR -
Kenn ? Johnson ? nixon ? Reagan?
Those Pres's who viewed it as their
role, rather than Cong's, to direct
bg
"Quotes"
Summ Epilogue
The Stars
The Dullards
accompanying Documento
dn hist of SOU, our strongest Pus saw
the annual address to long as an app to
voice their agendas Ca coincidentally that of
the people who elected them).
Our strongest Presidents have
seen it as their duty /to duect
not congress's,
legislative agendas, & the majority
of them seized upon the SOU as
a unique communique to the
american people. These leaders
(w/the notable exception of TR)
tended to deliver briefer addresses
w/concise, thematic structures
early Pres frimly believed it was
longress' you to dictate leg. It was
the Pres's you to execute the laws.
Undrew Jackoon rejected Dear this precept &
was the first Pres to look on the 500
us not simply an info session to
am public
the long, but us an appeal to the
Thron, 72 - "There is ample precedent
for me to present you w/a huge hot
of new proposals
l shall not
do that. l have presented to the
Jais
of 15, 000 words discussing in
leaders of the long today a message
some detail where the nation
stands setting forth specif
leg ive them on wh l have
asked the longress to act, y
Nixon, 70 - 'The stat of the Union
is traditionally an accusion for
a lengthy "detailed account by
that
the Pres of what he has accompliship
in the past, what he wants the
Cong to do in the future, r, in an
election year, to lay the bases
for the pol issues wh might
he decisine in the fall.
time when profound of far reaching
Occasionally then comes a.
events wommand break w/tradetion.
This is such a time.
l say this not only because 1970
marke the beforming of a. new
duade in wh america will
Webrate its 200th birthd ay
/
I say it herause new knowledge
of hard experience ayue
programs our institutions
persuasively H that both our
in am need to let reformed
Dad
Be sincere,
my futher gare me these hints on
speechmaking be sincere, he
brief, be sealed
James FDR Rovseneet, son of
a speech us a rolemn up - The man
who makes a bad 30 min speech
to 200 people wastes only a half
hr of his own time, but he wastes
100 his of the audiences time 1
more than 4 day wh ahld her
hanging offined
Jenkin Lloyd Jones
The finest eloquence is that wh
gets things done David Hoyd Heo
accompanying Documents
FYI
short Speeches
media #'s
acceptance V. Feb 9 headlines
analyze dnaug