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University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2/2/90 [OA 8310] [1]
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George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
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Speechwriting, White House Office of
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Speech File Backup Files
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13704-002
Folder Title:
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2/2/90 [OA 8310] [1]
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26
19
6
3
BOB
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE
ALUMNI GYMNASIUM
FRIDAY, FEB. 2, 1990, 3:05 P.M.
THANK YOU, LAMAR [[ALEXANDER]] AND ALSO GOVERNOR
McWHERTER. AND I'M PLEASED TO BE HERE WITH MY
EDUCATION SECRETARY, LAURO CAVAZOS, AND MY SECRETARY OF
ENERGY JIM WATKINS -- BOTH ARE DOING AN OUTSTANDING JOB
FOR AMERICA. AND ALSO ALVIN TRIVELPIECE, DIRECTOR OF
THE OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY. ALSO HERE TODAY,
CONGRESSMEN JIMMY QUILLEN, JOHN DUNCAN, DON SUNDQUIST,
MARILYN LLOYD AND JIM COOPER. AND KNOXVILLE'S MAYOR,
VICTOR ASHE.
SORRY WE WERE A LITTLE LATE GETTING IN. BUT YOU
KNOW HOW IT IS ON THIS CAMPUS. EVEN I CAN'T FIND A
PARKING PLACE. III
IT'S GREAT TO BE BACK IN TENNESSEE. I'M VERY
PROUD OF THIS STATE, AND THIS UNIVERSITY. AND I HEAR
SOME OF YOU NOTICED THE T-SHIRT I HAD ON WHILE JOGGING
DOWN IN TEXAS IN DECEMBER -- THE "BIG ORANGE" COLORS OF
THE TENNESSEE VOLUNTEERS. III
- 2 -
BACK IN WASHINGTON THEY DEBATED WHICH MOVE TOOK
MORE GUTS -- INVADING PANAMA, OR GOING TO TEXAS WEARING
A BIG ORANGE T-SHIRT.
I GOT THE SHIRT IN WASHINGTON WHEN PAT SUMMITT
CAME TO THE ROSE GARDEN LAST APRIL WITH TENNESSEE'S
LADY VOLUNTEERS -- THE 1989 NCAA NATIONAL CHAMPIONS. III
AND WHEN THEY CAME TO WASHINGTON THE LADY VOLS HAD
ONLY ONE REQUEST. NOT TO SEE THE OVAL OFFICE. NOT TO
SEE THE WRIGHT BROTHERS PLANE. NOT EVEN GEORGETOWN AT
NIGHT. WHAT THEY WANTED TO SEE WAS MILLIE'S NEW
PUPPIES. III
OF COURSE WE SAID YES. BUT NOW IT'S MY TURN. AND
AS LONG AS I'M AT U.T., IT SEEMS I OUGHT TO GET TO MEET
"SMOKEY." III
- 3 -
I AM PROUD OF TENNESSEE, AND YOUR GREAT SPORTS
TRADITIONS. BUT THE TRUTH IS, WHAT MAKES THIS
UNIVERSITY SO SPECIAL SAYS A LOT ABOUT WHAT MAKES
AMERICA SO SPECIAL. IT'S NOT THE WINNER'S TROPHY AT
THE END OF THE QUEST. IT'S THE QUEST ITSELF. AND IN
TENNESSEE, AS IN AMERICA, THAT MEANS THE QUEST FOR
EXCELLENCE.
AT U.T., THE QUEST FOR EXCELLENCE STARTS NOT ON
THE BASKETBALL COURT OR THE FOOTBALL FIELD BUT IN THE
CLASSROOM. MAYBE YOU HEARD THAT AT THE WHITE HOUSE, I
BRAGGED AS MUCH ABOUT THE LADY VOLS' 14 YEARS WITH A
100 PERCENT GRADUATION RATE AS I DID ABOUT THEIR
BASKETBALL CHAMPIONSHIP.
EARLIER THIS WEEK, I ISSUED MY FIRST FORMAL BUDGET
AS PRESIDENT, A BLUEPRINT FOR THE YEAR AHEAD. AND TWO
DAYS AGO, I STOOD IN THE U.S. CAPITOL -- STOOD BEFORE
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE -- AND REPORTED TO YOU ON THE STATE
OF THE UNION.
- 4 -
[ [BUT DON'T WORRY IF YOU MISSED THE SPEECH --
YOU'RE NOT GOING TO HEAR THE TWO WORDS THAT STRIKE
TERROR IN THE HEARTS OF EVERY COLLEGE STUDENT: 11
"POP QUIZ!" \\\]]
AT THE HEART OF MY ADDRESS WAS A SENSE OF
CONFIDENCE THAT AMERICA TODAY IS SECOND TO NONE -- AND
SENSE OF COMMITMENT, A PLAN TO KEEP AMERICA SECOND TO
NONE IN THE YEARS AHEAD.
THE FOUNDATION FOR OUR PLAN -- THE FOUNDATION FOR
OUR FUTURE -- IS ANCHORED BY A CORNERSTONE WE CALL
"EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE."
EDUCATION IS OUR MOST ENDURING LEGACY, VITAL TO
EVERYTHING WE ARE AND CAN BECOME. AND MY BUDGET CALLS
FOR RECORD FUNDING, REFLECTING THIS BELIEF. BUT AS I
SAID WEDNESDAY NIGHT, REAL IMPROVEMENT IN OUR SCHOOLS
IS NOT SIMPLY A MATTER OF SPENDING MORE. IT IS A
MATTER OF ASKING MORE -- EXPECTING MORE -- OF OUR
SCHOOLS, OUR TEACHERS, OUR KIDS -- AND OF OURSELVES.
- 5 -
YOU IN TENNESSEE KNOW THAT GOALS AND HIGH
EXPECTATIONS WORK. FIVE YEARS AGO, GOVERNOR ALEXANDER
TOLD TENNESSEE'S EIGHTH GRADERS: "IF YOU WANT TO GO TO
STATE UNIVERSITIES -- YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO TAKE MORE
MATH AND SCIENCE."
THERE WAS A GOOD DEAL OF GRUMBLING AT FIRST. BUT
TODAY, ALMOST ALL FRESHMAN ARE MEETING THOSE
REQUIREMENTS.
AS A RESULT, ADMISSION SCORES ARE UP. RETENTION
RATES ARE UP. AND BEST OF ALL -- 41 PERCENT MORE
STUDENTS ARE TAKING SCIENCE AND MATH IN THE HIGH
SCHOOLS THAN WERE TAKING THOSE SUBJECTS FIVE YEARS AGO.
YOU EXPECTED MORE. SO YOU GOT MORE.
I BELIEVE WHAT WORKED FOR TENNESSEE WILL WORK FOR
AMERICA. AND WEDNESDAY NIGHT, I ANNOUNCED AMERICA'S
EDUCATION GOALS -- GOALS DEVELOPED WITH THE GOVERNORS
OF ALL FIFTY STATES.
- 6 -
PART OF THE ANSWER MEANS GETTING BACK TO BASICS.
RECENTLY ONE KID WAS ASKED IF HE KNEW WHAT THE "THREE
R'S" WERE. HE SAID, "SURE: READING. 'RITING. AND
REMOTE CONTROL." III
WELL, JUST AS WE'RE RE-DOUBLING OUR EFFORTS TO
BOOST EDUCATION, SO WE'VE DOUBLED THE "THREE R'S" AS
WELL. WE HAVE SIX GOALS -- "SIX R'S" FOR EDUCATION IN
THE NINETIES.
THE FIRST IS READINESS. BY THE YEAR 2000, EVERY
CHILD IN AMERICA WILL START SCHOOL READY TO LEARN. AND
WE'VE CALLED FOR A RECORD INCREASE - AN EXTRA HALF-
BILLION DOLLARS TO ENSURE A FAIR START -- THROUGH
PROJECT HEAD START. III
OUR NEXT GOAL MIGHT BE CALLED "SEARCH AND RESCUE."
WE WILL TARGET AMERICA'S MOST AT-RISK YOUTH, AND GET
THEM THE HELP THEY NEED -- THE HELP THEY DESERVE. OUR
10-YEAR GOAL -- TO RAISE AMERICA'S HIGH SCHOOL
GRADUATION RATE TO AT LEAST 90 PERCENT.
- 7 -
THIRD, IT'S TIME TO RE-ESTABLISH STANDARDS. BY
THE NEW CENTURY, AMERICAN STUDENTS WILL LEAVE GRADES 4,
8, AND 12 HAVING DEMONSTRATED COMPETENCY OVER THE WORLD
IN WHICH THEY LIVE -- THE WORLD OF MATH, ENGLISH,
SCIENCE, HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY.
AND WE'RE CALLING FOR A NEW RENAISSANCE IN SCIENCE
AND MATH, TO MAKE AMERICA'S STUDENTS FIRST IN THE WORLD
BY THE YEAR 2000.
NEXT -- READING. A COMPETITIVE AMERICA MUST BE A
LITERATE AMERICA, WHERE EVERY MAN AND WOMAN POSSESSES
THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS NECESSARY TO SUCCEED IN A
GLOBAL ECONOMY.
LAST -- AND MOST FUNDAMENTAL -- IN EVERY SCHOOL IN
AMERICA, WE'VE GOT TO CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE
TO LEARNING. THAT MEANS DISCIPLINED SCHOOLS. THAT
MEANS DRUG-FREE SCHOOLS. 11
- 8 -
THE SOLUTION TO CHAOS IN OUR CLASSROOMS IS NO
MYSTERY. FRANKLIN HAD A WORD FOR IT. NOT BEN FRANKLIN
-- ARETHA FRANKLIN. SHE CALLS IT: "R-E-S-P-E-C-T."
III KIDS NEED RESPECT FOR TEACHERS. RESPECT FOR
LEARNING. RESPECT FOR THEMSELVES. 11
ALL SIX GOALS ARE IMPORTANT. AND LAMAR, I WAS
THRILLED TO LEARN THAT TENNESSEE -- A MAJOR RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY AND A PILLAR OF THE SCIENCE-RICH, OAK RIDGE
CORRIDOR -- HAS ALREADY TAKEN THE LEAD IN RESPONDING TO
OUR CHALLENGE TO USE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO BOOST
AMERICA'S COMPETITIVENESS. AND THANKS TO GOVERNOR
McWHERTER, MARTIN MARIETTA, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF
ENERGY -- YOU'LL HAVE A NEW SUMMER SCHOOL FOR MATH AND
SCIENCE --AND A NEW ACADEMY FOR AMERICA'S TOP
ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS.
UNBELIEVABLY, IT WAS ALL PUT TOGETHER IN A WEEK.
AND THE SPEED OF TENNESSEE'S RESPONSE PROVES WHAT WE'VE
BEEN SAYING SINCE I FIRST SENT MY EDUCATIONAL
EXCELLENCE PACKAGE TO CONGRESS LAST SPRING. THE TIME
FOR STUDY IS PAST. THE TIME FOR ACTION IS NOW.
- 9 -
BUILDING AMERICA'S COMPETITIVE STRENGTH TODAY ALSO
MEANS THAT WE NEED QUICK CONGRESSIONAL ACTION ON OUR
OTHER PROPOSALS FOR INVESTING IN NEW CAPITAL --
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL. THAT INCLUDES EVERYTHING FROM
REFORMING PRODUCT LIABILITY LAWS TO DOUBLING THE BUDGET
OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.
IT MEANS A RECORD-HIGH INCREASE IN FUNDS FOR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- R & D. NEW HELP FOR R & E
-- RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION -- BY MAKING THE R & E
TAX CREDIT PERMANENT. AND FUNDS TO IMPROVE EDUCATION:
THE EISENHOWER EDUCATION GRANTS FOR MATH AND SCIENCE
WOULD GROW BY 70 PERCENT, TO $230 MILLION.
IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, THE UNITED STATES IS
TODAY THE UNDISPUTED HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPION OF THE WORLD.
WE PRODUCE MORE SCHOLARLY WORKS, MORE BREAKTHROUGHS,
MORE INTERNATIONAL PRIZES.
- 10 -
BUT LIKE ANY CHAMPION, WE CANNOT REST ON OUR
REPUTATION. MORE THAN 30 YEARS AGO, DWIGHT EISENHOWER
USED HIS STATE OF THE UNION SPEECH TO ADDRESS A SIMILAR
CHALLENGE. "OUR REAL PROBLEM," SAID IKE, "IS NOT OUR
STRENGTH TODAY. IT IS RATHER THE VITAL NECESSITY OF
ACTION TODAY TO ENSURE OUR STRENGTH TOMORROW."
TODAY, I AM TAKING ACTION BY APPOINTING THE
MEMBERS OF THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS ON
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. INDEED, VICE PRESIDENT DAN
QUAYLE -- WHO'S DOING SUCH AN OUTSTANDING JOB AS
CHAIRMAN OF BOTH THE NATIONAL SPACE COUNCIL AND THE
COMPETITIVENESS COUNCIL -- IS SWEARING IN THE MEMBERS
OF THIS NEW COUNCIL THIS AFTERNOON. COMPRISED OF SOME
OF THE BEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS IN THE COUNTRY, WE WILL
MEET TOMORROW AT CAMP DAVID TO DISCUSS WAYS TO MAINTAIN
U.S. SUPREMACY IN THESE FIELDS.
- 11 -
ONE WAY TO DO THAT IS BY CHALLENGING THE
IMPOSSIBLE. AND THAT BRINGS TO MIND ANOTHER CHALLENGE
THAT WILL PROBABLY MEAN MORE TO STRENGTHENING OUR
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND COMPETITIVE EDGE THAN ANY OTHER
SINGLE ENDEAVOR. I'M TALKING ABOUT SPACE. FOR IN THE
COMING CENTURY, FIRST IN SPACE WILL MEAN FIRST ON
EARTH. AND AMERICA INTENDS TO STAY NUMBER ONE. III
WE NEED TO FIND WAYS TO DO THINGS FASTER AND MORE
EFFICIENTLY IN SPACE. THAT'S WHY NASA AND OUR SPACE
COUNCIL HAVE CALLED ON AMERICA'S GREAT UNIVERSITIES AND
RESEARCH CENTERS TO PUT THEIR BRIGHTEST ENGINEERS AND
SCIENTISTS TO WORK ON COMING UP WITH BOLD, INNOVATIVE
IDEAS -- NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR A NEW TOMORROW IN SPACE.
TENNESSEE HAS ALREADY MADE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS
TO THE SPACE PROGRAM. RHEA SEDDON [[REE-A SEDD-UNI],
ONE OF AMERICA'S FIRST WOMEN ASTRONAUTS, IS A GRADUATE
OF U.T.'S COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. AND RESEARCHERS AT
U.T.'S SPACE INSTITUTE IN TULLAHOMA ARE WORKING WITH
NASA TO DEVELOP ADVANCED SPACE PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR
THE NEXT GENERATION OF MANNED AND UNMANNED MISSIONS.
- 12 -
IN THE NEW CENTURY -- YOUR CENTURY -- THOSE NEW
SYSTEMS MAY HELP TAKE AMERICANS BACK TO THE MOON AND
BEYOND. OUR GOAL: TO PLACE AMERICANS ON MARS -- AND
TO DO IT WITHIN THE WORKING LIFETIMES OF SCIENTISTS AND
ENGINEERS WHO WILL BE RECRUITED FOR THE EFFORT TODAY.
AND JUST AS JEFFERSON SENT LEWIS AND CLARK TO OPEN THE
CONTINENT, OUR COMMITMENT TO THE MOON/MARS INITIATIVE
WILL OPEN THE UNIVERSE. IT'S THE OPPORTUNITY OF A
LIFETIME -- AND OFFERS A LIFETIME OF OPPORTUNITY. III
YET, SOME WONDER IF AMERICA HAS LOST ITS
COMPETITIVE EDGE, AND ASK IF WE MUST NOW LOOK OVERSEAS
FOR THE ANSWER. THEY POINT TO LAST WEEK'S LAUNCH IN
JAPAN -- A NEW SATELLITE SENT TO ORBIT THE MOON. THEY
FORGET THAT 26 YEARS AGO TODAY -- LONG BEFORE MANY OF
YOU WERE BORN -- AMERICA'S RANGER 6 LANDED ON THE MOON.
THE UNITED STATES IS THE "DEFENDING WORLD
CHAMPION." BUT, WE HAVE TO DEFEND OUR TITLE DAY-BY-
DAY, WEEK-BY-WEEK, YEAR-IN AND YEAR-OUT. THE TENNESSEE
OF BOB NEYLAND [[NEE-LAND]] AND JOHNNY MAJORS, OF WADE
HOUSTON AND PAT SUMMITT, KNOWS SOMETHING ABOUT
DEFENDING ATHLETIC DYNASTIES. HERE IT'S DONE THE OLD-
FASHIONED WAY, THE TENNESSEE WAY, THE AMERICAN WAY.
- 13 -
YOU CAN PLAY SMART. BUT THERE ARE NO SHORTCUTS.
IT TAKES HARD WORK AND GRIT. IT DEMANDS THE CONSTANT
RENEWAL OF NEW TALENT AND NEW IDEAS -- ALWAYS TEMPERED
BY VETERAN COACHING. AND IT MEANS SWEATING HARDER,
REACHING HIGHER, AND SEEING FARTHER THAN THE OTHER GUY.
IT'S NEVER EASY, KEEPING THAT NO. 1 RANKING. PAT
SUMMITT SAID IT IN 1984, JUST BEFORE BRINGING THE U.S.
WOMEN'S BASKETBALL TEAM TO AN OLYMPIC GOLD MEDAL. SHE
SAID: "WE'RE EXPECTED TO WIN THAT'S A GREATER
CHALLENGE THAN WHEN YOU'RE EXPECTED TO FINISH SECOND."
PAT'S RIGHT. WE ARE GOING TO NEED AS NEVER BEFORE
THE "CAN-DO" ATTITUDE THAT BROUGHT OUR ANCESTORS TO
AMERICA -- AND THAT BROUGHT AMERICA TO GREATNESS. IN
WORLD WAR I, WHEN THEY ASKED YOUR OWN SGT. YORK HOW HE
CAPTURED 132 ENEMY PRISONERS AND 32 MACHINE GUNS ALL BY
HIMSELF, HE ANSWERED: "I SURROUNDED 'EM."
THAT'S WHAT I'D EXPECT FROM A TENNESSEAN. AND
THAT KIND OF SPIRIT IS GOING TO CARRY US INTO THE 21ST
CENTURY AND BEYOND.
- 14 -
AND AS WE APPROACH THE CHALLENGES OF TOMORROW, IN
A WORLD INCREASINGLY HUNGRY FOR YESTERDAY'S VALUES, I
HOPE YOU'LL CONTINUE TO GIVE VOICE TO TENNESSEE'S
FRONTIER VIRTUES: HARD WORK. LOYALTY. LOVE OF FAITH,
FAMILY AND THE VOLUNTEER STATE.
WHEN WE HEAR AMERICA SINGING, IT IS OFTEN THE
SOUND OF TENNESSEE. THE BLUEGRASS FIDDLING OF THE
MOUNTAINS. THE GOSPEL AND COUNTRY SOUND OF NASHVILLE.
THE JAZZ, THE BLUES, OF MEMPHIS. IT IS THE STUFF OF
LEGEND, THE SPIRIT OF FAITH AND HOPE. AND WITH SPIRIT
LIKE THAT -- AMERICA'S GOING TO DO A TENNESSEE WALTZ,
ALL OVER THE COMPETITION. 111
THANK YOU FOR YOUR WARM GREETING. GOD BLESS YOU.
GOD BLESS TENNESSEE. AND GOD BLESS THE U.S.A.
#
#
#
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 1, 1990
INFORMATION
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
CHRISS WINSTON
en
FROM:
EDWARD McNALLY
and
SUBJECT:
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE SPEECH
I. SUMMARY
Attached are draft remarks for tomorrow afternoon's
speech, an address on education and competitiveness at the
University of Tennessee in Knoxville.
II. DISCUSSION
At 3:05 p.m. on Friday, February 2, 1990, you are
scheduled to arrive onstage in the Alumni Gymnasium at the
University of Tennessee (U.T.) to address an audience of
approximately 3,000 students, faculty and university officials.
Billed as a major follow-up to your State of the Union
address, the speech (15 minutes, TelePrompter) elaborates on your
proposals to keep America competitive in the 90's, incorporating
many of the suggestions developed by Roger Porter for the State
of the Union address. The speech focuses particular attention on
your initiatives to boost education, science and math training,
research and development, and space exploration.
During his introduction of you, U.T. President (and
former Governor) Lamar Alexander will announce U.T.'s response to
your State of the Union call to make America's students No. 1 in
math and science by the Year 2000 -- and unveil a new summer
school funded by U.T., Martin Marietta, and the U.S. Department
of Energy. Your prepared text includes acknowledgements and
praise of Governor Alexander's new program (please see page 4).
Two notes concerning the "jokes" on page 1: (1) On-
campus parking at U.T. is a perennial problem. (2) "Smokey" is
Tennessee's beloved mascot, a "blue tick coon hound" that appears
at every game in the manner of Yale's bulldog, "Handsome Dan."
McNally/Simon
February 1, 1990
Draft Four (B:TENN)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE
ALUMNI GYMNASIUM
FRIDAY, FEB. 2, 1990, 3:05 P.M.
Thank you, Lamar [[ALEXANDER]] and also Governor McWherter.
And I'm pleased to be here with my Education Secretary, Lauro
Cavazos, and my Secretary of Energy Jim Watkins -- both are doing
an outstanding job for America. And also Alvin Trivelpiece,
Director of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Also here today,
Congressmen Jimmy Quillen, John Duncan, Don Sundquist, Marilyn
Lloyd and Jim Cooper. And Knoxville's Mayor, Victor Ashe.
Sorry we were a little late getting in. But you now how it
is on this campus. Even I can't find a parking place. \\\
It's great to be back in Tennessee. I'm very proud of this
state, and this University. And I hear some of you noticed the
T-shirt I had on while jogging down in Texas in December -- the
"Big Orange" colors of the Tennessee Volunteers.
Back in Washington they debated which move took more guts --
invading Panama, or going to Texas wearing a Big Orange T-shirt.
I got the shirt in Washington when Pat Summitt came to the
Rose Garden last April with Tennessee's Lady Volunteers -- the
1989 NCAA National Champions.
And when they came to Washington the Lady Vols had only one
request. Not to see the Oval Office. Not to see the Wright
brothers plane. Not even Georgetown at night. What they wanted
to see was Millie's new puppies.
of course we said yes. But now it's my turn. And as long
2
as I'm at U.T., it seems I ought to get to meet "SMOKEY."
I am proud of Tennessee, and your great sports traditions.
But the truth is, what makes this university so special says a
lot about what makes America so special. It's not the winner's
trophy at the end of the quest. It's the quest itself. And in
Tennessee, as in America, that means the quest for excellence.
At U.T., the quest for excellence starts not on the
basketball court or the football field but in the classroom.
Maybe you heard that at the White House, I bragged as much about
the Lady Vols' 14 years with a 100 percent graduation rate as I
did about their basketball championship.
Earlier this week, I issued my first formal budget as
President, a blueprint for the year ahead. And two days ago, I
stood in the U.S. Capitol -- stood before the American people --
and reported to you on the State of the Union.
[[But don't worry if you missed the speech -- you're not
going to hear the two words that strike terror in the hearts of
every college student: "Pop quiz!" \\\]]
At the heart of my address was a sense of confidence that
America today is second to none -- and sense of commitment, a
plan to keep America second to none in the years ahead.
The foundation for our plan -- the foundation for our future
-- is anchored by a cornerstone we call "Educational Excellence."
Education is our most enduring legacy, vital to everything
we are and can become. And my budget calls for record funding,
reflecting this belief. But as I said Wednesday night, real
3
improvement in our schools is not simply a matter of spending
more. It is a matter of asking more -- expecting more -- of our
schools, our teachers, our kids -- and of ourselves.
You in Tennessee know that goals and high expectations work.
Five years ago, Governor Alexander told Tennessee's eighth
graders: "If you want to go to state universities -- you're
going to have to take more math and science."
There was a good deal of grumbling at first. But today,
almost all freshman are meeting those requirements.
As a result, admission scores are up. Retention rates are
up. And best of all -- 41 percent more students are taking
science and math in the high schools than were taking those
subjects five years ago. You expected more. So you got more.
I believe what worked for Tennessee will work for America.
And Wednesday night, I announced America's education goals --
goals developed with the Governors of all fifty states.
Part of the answer means getting back to basics. Recently
one kid was asked if he knew what the "Three R's" were. He said,
"Sure: Reading. 'Riting. And Remote Control."
Well, just as we're re-doubling our efforts to boost
education, so we've doubled the "Three R's" as well. We have six
goals -- "Six R's" for education in the Nineties.
The first is Readiness. By the Year 2000, every child in
America will start school ready to learn. And we've called for a
record increase -- an extra half-billion dollars to ensure a fair
start -- through project Head Start.
4
Our next goal might be called "Search and Rescue." We will
target America's most at-risk youth, and get them the help they
need -- the help they deserve. Our 10-year goal -- to raise
America's high school graduation rate to at least 90 percent.
Third, it's time to Re-establish standards. By the new
century, American students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having
demonstrated competency over the world in which they live -- the
world of math, English, science, history and geography.
And we're calling for a new Renaissance in science and math,
to make America's students first in the world by the Year 2000.
Next -- Reading. A competitive America must be a literate
America, where every man and woman possesses the knowledge and
skills necessary to succeed in a global economy.
Last -- and most fundamental -- in every school in America,
we've got to create an environment conducive to learning. That
means disciplined schools. That means drug-free schools.
The solution to chaos in our classrooms is no mystery.
Franklin had a word for it. Not Ben Franklin -- Aretha Franklin.
She calls it: "R-E-S-P-E-C-T." Kids need respect for
teachers. Respect for learning. Respect for themselves.
All six goals are important. And Lamar, I was thrilled to
learn that Tennessee -- a major research university and a pillar
of the science-rich, Oak Ridge Corridor -- has already taken the
lead in responding to our challenge to use science and technology
+ ok 4
to boost America's competitiveness. And thanks to Governor
Lamon
X
4
alexander McWherter, Martin Marietta, and the Department of Energy --
615-974-2241
+ peggy sec. Dufour of Energy's Office 586-7970
5
you'll have a new Summer School for Math and Science and a new
academy for America's top elementary and high school teachers.
Unbelievably, it was all put together in a week. And the
speed of Tennessee's response proves what we've been saying since
I first sent my Educational Excellence package to Congress last
spring. The time for study is past. The time for action is now.
Building America's competitive strength today also means
that we need quick Congressional action on our other proposals
for investing in new capital -- intellectual capital. That
includes everything from reforming product liability laws to
doubling the budget of the National Science Foundation.
It means a record-high increase in funds for Research and
Development -- R & D. New help for R & E -- Research and
Experimentation -- by making the R & E Tax Credit permanent. And
funds to improve education: The Eisenhower Education Grants for
math and science would grow by 70 percent, to $230 million.
In science and technology, the United States is today the
undisputed heavyweight champion of the world. We produce more
scholarly works, more breakthroughs, more international prizes.
But like any champion, we cannot rest on our reputation.
More than 30 years ago, Dwight Eisenhower used his State of the
Union speech to address a similar challenge. "Our real problem,"
said Ike, "is not our strength today. It is rather the vital
necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow."
Today, I am taking action by appointing the members of the
6
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
Indeed, Vice President Dan Quayle -- who's doing such an
outstanding job as chairman of both the National Space Council
and the Competitiveness Council -- is swearing in the members of
this new council this afternoon. Comprised of some of the best
scientific minds in the country, we will meet tomorrow at Camp
David to discuss ways to maintain U.S. supremacy in these fields.
One way to do that is by challenging the impossible. And
that brings to mind another challenge that will probably mean
more to strengthening our educational system and competitive edge
than any other single endeavor. I'm talking about space. For in
the coming century, first in space will mean first on Earth. And
America intends to stay Number One.
We need to find ways to do things faster and more
efficiently in space. That's why NASA and our Space Council have
called on America's great universities and research centers to
put their brightest engineers and scientists to work on coming up
with bold, innovative ideas -- new technologies for a new
tomorrow in space.
Tennessee has already made important contributions to the
space program. Rhea Seddon [[REE-a SEDD-un]], one of America's
first women astronauts, is a graduate of U.T.'s College of
Medicine. And researchers at U.T.'s Space Institute in Tullahoma
are working with NASA to develop advanced space propulsion
systems for the next generation of manned and unmanned missions.
7
In the new century -- your century -- those new systems may
help take Americans back to the Moon and beyond. Our goal: To
place Americans on Mars -- and to do it within the working
lifetimes of scientists and engineers who will be recruited for
the effort today. And just as Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to
open the continent, our commitment to the Moon/Mars initiative
will open the Universe. It's the opportunity of a lifetime --
and offers a lifetime of opportunity.
Yet, some wonder if America has lost its competitive edge,
and ask if we must now look overseas for the answer. They point
to last week's launch in Japan -- a new satellite sent to orbit
the Moon. They forget that 26 years ago today -- long before
many of you were born -- America's Ranger 6 landed on the Moon.
The United States is the "defending world champion." But,
we have to defend our title day-by-day, week-by-week, year-in and
year-out. The Tennessee of Bob Neyland [[NEE-land]] and Johnny
Majors, of Wade Houston and Pat Summitt, knows something about
defending athletic dynasties. Here it's done the old-fashioned
way, the Tennessee way, the American way.
You can play smart. But there are no shortcuts. It takes
hard work and grit. It demands the constant renewal of new
talent and new ideas -- always tempered by veteran coaching. And
it means sweating harder, reaching higher, and seeing farther
than the other guy.
It's never easy, keeping that No. 1 ranking. Pat Summitt
said it in 1984, just before bringing the U.S. women's basketball
8
team to an Olympic Gold medal. She said: "We're expected to
win
That's a greater challenge than when you're expected to
finish second. "
Pat's right. We are going to need as never before the "can-
do" attitude that brought our ancestors to America -- and that
brought America to greatness. In World War I, when they asked
your own Sgt. York how he captured 132 enemy prisoners and 32
machine guns all by himself, he answered: "I surrounded 'em."
That's what I'd expect from a Tennessean. And that kind of
spirit is going to carry us into the 21st Century and beyond.
And as we approach the challenges of tomorrow, in a world
increasingly hungry for yesterday's values, I hope you'll
continue to give voice to Tennessee's frontier virtues: Hard
work. Loyalty. Love of faith, family and the Volunteer state.
When we hear America singing, it is often the sound of
Tennessee. The bluegrass fiddling of the mountains. The gospel
and country sound of Nashville. The jazz, the blues, of Memphis.
It is the stuff of legend, the spirit of faith and hope. And
with spirit like that -- America's going to do a Tennessee waltz,
all over the competition.
Thank you for your warm greeting. God bless you. God bless
Tennessee. And God bless the U.S.A.
#
#
#
McNally/Simon
January 31, 1990
Draft Three (B:TENN)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE
ALUMNI GYMNASIUM
FRIDAY, FEB. 2, 1990, 3:05 P.M.
[[ACKNOWLEDGMENTS]]
Sorry we were a little late getting in. But you now how it
is on this campus. Even I can't find a parking place.
Last trip
1/19/88
It's great to be back in Tennessee. I'm very proud of this
state, and this University. And I hear some of you noticed the
(amor
amounds
T-shirt I had on while jogging down in Texas in December -- the
"Big Orange" colors of the Tennessee Volunteers.
Back in Washington they debated which move took more guts --
invading Panama, or going to Texas wearing a Big Orange T-shirt.
I got the shirt in Washington when Pat Summitt came to the
Rose Garden last April with Tennessee's Lady Volunteers -- the
1989 NCAA National Champions.
And when they came to Washington the Lady Vols had only one
request. Not to see the Oval Office. Not to see the Wright
brothers plane. Not even Georgetown at night. What they wanted
to see was Millie's new puppies.
Of course we said yes. But now it's my turn. And as long
as I'm at U.T., it seems I ought to get to meet "SMOKEY."
I am proud of Tennessee, and your great sports traditions.
But the truth is, what makes this university so special says a
lot about what makes America SO special. It's not the winner's
trophy at the end of the quest. It's the quest itself. And in
Tennessee, as in America, that means the quest for excellence.
2
At U.T., the quest for excellence starts not on the
basketball court or the football field but in the classroom.
4/20/89 Maybe you heard that at the White House, I bragged as much about
the Lady Vols 14 years with a 100 percent graduation rate as I
did about their basketball championship.
1/29/90
Earlier this week, I issued my first formal budget as
X
President, a blueprint for the year ahead. And two days ago,
I
stood in the U.S. Capitol -- stood before the American people --
1/31/90
and reported to you on the State of the Union.
[[But don't worry if you missed the speech -- you're not
going to hear the two words that strike terror in any college
classroom: "Pop quiz!" \\\]]
At the heart of my address was a sense of confidence that
America today is second to none -- and sense of commitment, a
plan to keep America second to none in the years ahead.
The foundation for our plan -- the foundation for our future
-- is anchored by a cornerstone we call "Educational Excellence."
Education is our most enduring legacy, vital to everything
Budget Fact Sheet
we are and can become. And my budget calls for record funding,
1-29-90 P.5
reflecting this belief. But as I said Wednesday night, real
S.O.T.U.
improvement in our schools is not simply a matter of spending
1-31-90
more. It is a matter of asking more -- expecting more -- of our
schools, our teachers, our kids -- and of ourselves.
You in Tennessee know that goals and high expectations work.
Lumar
Five years ago, Governor Alexander told Tennessee's eighth
alexander
graders: "If you want to go to state universities -- you're
3
going to have to take more math and science."
There was a good deal of grumbling at first. But today,
almost all freshman are meeting those requirements.
Lumar
acexandr
As a result, admission scores are up. Retention rates are
615-
up. And best of all -- 41 percent more students are taking
974-
2241
science and math in the high schools than were taking those
subjects five years ago. You expected more. So you got more.
I believe what worked for Tennessee will work for America.
S.O.T.U.
And Wednesday night, I announced America's education goals --
1-31-90
goals developed with the Governors of all fifty states.
Part of the answer means getting back to basics. Recently
one kid was asked if he knew what the "Three R's" were. He said,
"Sure: Reading. 'Riting. And Remote Control."
Well, just as we're re-doubling our efforts to boost
education, so we've doubled the "Three R's" as well. We have six
goals -- "Six R's" for education in the Nineties.
S.O.T.U,
The first is Readiness. By the Year 2000, every child in
1-31-90
America will start school ready to learn. And we've called for a
record increase -- an extra half-billion dollars to ensure a fair
1-29-90 fact Budget sheet
start -- through project Head Start.
p.5
+
Our next goal might be called "Search and Rescue." We will
S.O.T.U.
target America's most at-risk youth, and get + them the help they +
+
+
+
1-31-90
need -- the help they deserve. Our 10-year goal -- to raise
America's high school graduation rate to at least 90 percent.
Third, it's time to Re-establish standards. By the new
I
&
+
century, American students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having
4
demonstrated competency over the world in which they live -- the
world of math, English, science, history and geography.
S.O.T.U.
And we're calling for a new Renaissance in science and math,
1-31-90
to make America's students first in the world by the Year 2000.
Next -- Reading. A competitive America must be a literate
S.O.T.V
+
America, where every man and woman possesses the knowledge and
1-31-90
skills necessary to succeed in a global economy.
Last -- and most fundamental -- in every school in America,
S.O.T.V.
we've got to create an environment conducive to learning. That
1-31-90
means disciplined schools. That means drug-free schools.
The solution to chaos in our classrooms is no mystery.
Franklin had a word for it. Not Ben Franklin -- Aretha Franklin.
She calls it: "R-E-S-P-E-C-T." Kids need respect for
teachers. Respect for learning. Respect for themselves.
All six goals are important. And Lamar, I was thrilled to
Lamar
alexander
learn that Tennessee -- a major research university and a pillar
615-974
of the science-rich, Oak Ridge Corridor -- has already taken the
2241
lead in responding to our challenge to use science and technology
to boost America's competitiveness. Your new Summer School for
Math and Science -- and its academy for America's top elementary
and high school teachers -- is sure to make a difference.
Unbelievably, it was all put together in a week. And the
speed of Tennessee's response proves what we've been saying since
I first sent my Educational Excellence package to Congress last
spring. The time for study is past. The time for action is now.
Building America's competitive strength today also means
5
that we need quick Congressional action on our other proposals
f
91
for investing in new capital -- intellectual capital. That
FY
Budget
includes everything from reforming product liability laws to
67-9
p.
doubling the budget of the National Science Foundation.
91 Budget 72
It means a record-high increase in funds for Research and
Chart
on Development -- R & D. New help for R&E -- Research and
al Budget Experimentation -- by making the R & E Tax Credit permanent. And
p.91
Budget
funds to improve math and science education: The Eisenhower
all
grow by 70%
p.
Education Grants would nearly double to $230 million.
In science and technology, the United States is today the
undisputed heavyweight champion of the world. We produce more
scholarly works, more breakthroughs, more international prizes.
1/9/58
But like any champion, we cannot rest on our reputation.
see
More than 30 years ago, Dwight Eisenhower used his State of the
file
Union speech to address a similar challenge. "Our real problem,"
said Ike, "is not our strength today. It is rather the vital
necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow."
Today, I am taking action by announcing the formation of the
John
Gurdner
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
+
Comprised of some of the best scientific minds in the country, we
OSTP
5101
will meet tomorrow at Camp David to discuss ways to maintain U.S.
X
supremacy in these fields.
One way to do that is by challenging the impossible. And
that brings to mind another challenge that will probably mean
more to strengthening our educational system and competitive edge
than any other single endeavor. I'm talking about space. For in
6
the coming century, first in space will mean first on Earth. And
America intends to stay Number One.
Tennessee has already made important contributions to the
space program. Rhea Seddon, one of America's first women
NASA
453-8536
astronauts, is a graduate of U.T.'s College of Medicine. And
researchers at U.T. Space Institute in Tullahoma are working
Dickerts
with NASA to develop advanced space propulsion systems for the
SIS-455-0631
next generation of manned and unmanned missions.
x319
In the new century -- your century -- those new systems may
help take Americans back to the Moon and beyond. Our goal: To
place Americans on Mars -- and to do it within the working
lifetimes of scientists and engineers who will be recruited for
the effort today. And just as Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to
open the continent, our commitment to the Moon/Mars initiative
will open the Universe. It's the opportunity of a lifetime --
and offers a lifetime of opportunity.
Yet, some wonder if America has lost its competitive edge,
laurched
1-25-90
and ask if we must now look overseas for the answer. They point
CBS
ABC,
to last week's launch in Japan -- a new satellite sent to orbit
the Moon. They forget that 26 years ago today -- long before
see file
many of you were born -- America's Ranger 6 landed on the Moon.
The United States is the "defending world champion." But,
we have to defend our title day-by-day, week-by-week, year-in and
Bud
year-out. The Tennessee of Bob Neyland and Johnny Majors, of
Ford
Sports
Information Wade Houston and Pat Summitt, knows something about defending
615-974-1212
athletic dynasties. Here it's done the old-fashioned way, the
7
Tennessee way, the American way.
You can play smart. But there are no shortcuts. It takes
hard work and grit. It demands the constant renewal of new
talent and new ideas -- always tempered by veteran coaching. And
it means sweating harder, reaching higher, and seeing farther
than the other guy.
It's never easy, keeping that No. 1 ranking. Pat Summitt
UPI
7-5-84 said it in 1984, just before bringing the U.S. women's basketball
an
Reuters team to another Olympic Gold medal. She said: "We're expected
8-8-84
to win now. That's a greater challenge than when you're expected
see
file
to finish second.'
Pat's right. We are going to need as never before the "can-
do" attitude that brought our ancestors to America -- and that
webster's
brought America to greatness. When they asked your own Sgt. York
am.
his
Biogrop
how he captured 132 enemy prisoners and 32 machine guns all by
see
file
himself, he answered: "I surrounded 'em.
That's what I'd expect from a Tennessean. And that kind of
spirit is going to carry us into the 21st Century and beyond.
And as we approach the challenges of tomorrow, in a world
increasingly hungry for yesterday's values, I hope you'll
continue to give voice to Tennessee's frontier virtues: Hard
work. Loyalty. Love of faith, family and the Volunteer state.
When we hear America singing, it is often the sound of
Tennessee. The bluegrass fiddling of the mountains. The gospel
and country sound of Nashville. The jazz, the blues, of Memphis.
It is the stuff of legend, the spirit of faith and hope. And
8
with spirit like that -- America's going to do a Tennessee waltz,
all over the competition.
Thank you for your warm greeting. God bless you. God bless
Tennessee. And God bless the U.S.A.
#
#
#
homer
McNally/Simon
January 31, 1990
Draft Two (B:TENN)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE
ALUMNI GYMNASIUM
FRIDAY, FEB. 2, 1990, 3:05 P.M.
[[ACKNOWLEDGMENTS]]
Sorry we were a little late getting in. But you now how it
is on this campus. Even I can't find a parking place.
It's great to be back in Tennessee. I'm very proud of this
state, and this University. And I hear some of you noticed the
T-shirt I had on while jogging down in Texas in December -- the
"Big Orange" colors of the Tennessee Volunteers.
Back in Washington they debated which move took more guts --
invading Panama, or going to Texas wearing a Big Orange T-shirt.
I got the shirt in Washington when Lamar Alexander and Pat
Summitt came to the Rose Garden last April with Tennessee's Lady
Volunteers -- the 1989 NCAA National Champions.
And when they came to Washington the Lady Vols had only one
request. Not to see the Oval Office. Not to see the Wright
brothers plane. Not even Georgetown at night. What they wanted
to see was Millie's new puppies.
of course we said yes. But now it's my turn. And as long
as I'm at U.T., it seems I ought to get to meet "SMOKEY." 111
I am proud of Tennessee, and your great sports traditions.
But the truth is, what makes this university so special says a
lot about what makes America so special. It's not the winner's
trophy at the end of the quest. It's the quest itself. And in
Tennessee, as in America, that means the quest for excellence.
2
At U.T., the quest for excellence starts not on the
basketball court or the football field but in the classroom.
asmuch
Maybe you heard that at the White House, I bragged more about the
as
Lady Vols' 14 years with a 100 percent graduation rate than I did
about their basketball championship.
Earlier this week, I issued my first formal budget as
President, a blueprint for the year ahead And two days ago, I
stood in the U.S. Capitol -- stood before the American people --
and reported to you on the State of the Union.
[[But don't worry if you missed the speech -- you're not
going to hear the two words that strike terror in any college
classroom:
"Pop quiz!"
\\\]]
At the heart of my address was a sense of confidence that
America today is second to none -- and sense of commitment to
keeping America second to none in the years ahead.
and
maching
is
to
that
communitment
mg
The foundation for our plan -- the foundation for our future
-- is anchored by a cornerstone we call "Educational Excellence."
Education is our most enduring legacy, vital to everything
we are and can become. And my budget calls for record funding,
reflecting this belief. But as I said Wednesday night, real
improvement in our schools is not simply a matter of spending
more. It is a matter of asking more -- expecting more -- of our
schools, our teachers, our kids -- and of ourselves.
You in Tennessee know that goals and high expectations work.
Five years ago, this state said to its eighth graders: "If you
want to go to state universities -- you're going to have to take
3
more math and science."
There was a good deal of grumbling at first. But today,
almost all freshman are meeting those requirements.
As a result, admission scores are up. Retention rates are
up. And best of all -- 41 percent more students are taking
science and math in the high schools than were taking those
subjects five years ago. You expected more. So you got more.
I believe what worked for Tennessee will work for America.
And Wednesday night, I announced America's education goals --
developed
goals upon with the Governors of all fifty states.
Part of the answer means getting back to basics. Recently
one kid was asked if he knew what the "Three R's" were. He said,
"Sure: Reading. 'Riting. And Remote Control.'
Well, just as we're re-doubling our efforts to boost
education, so we've doubled the "Three R's" as well. We have six
goals -- "Six R's" for education in the Nineties.
The first is Readiness. By the Year 2000, every child in
America will start school ready to learn. And we've called for a
record increase -- an extra half-billion dollars to ensure a fair
start -- through project Head Start.
Our next goal might be called "Search and Rescue." " We will
target America's most at-risk youth, and get them the help they
need -- the help they deserve. Our 10-year goal -- to raise
America's high school graduation rate to at least 90 percent.
Third, it's time to Re-establish standards. By the new
century, American students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having
4
demonstrated competency over the world in which they live -- the
world of math, English, science, history and geography.
And we're calling for a new Renaissance in science and math,
to make America's students first in the world by the Year 2000.
Next -- Reading. A competitive America must be a literate
America, where every man and woman possesses the knowledge and
skills necessary to succeed in a global economy.
Last -- and most fundamental -- in every school in America,
we've got to create an environment conducive to learning. That
means disciplined schools. That means drug-free schools.
The solution to chaos in our classrooms is no mystery.
Franklin had a word for it. Not Ben Franklin -- Aretha Franklin.
kids need
She calls it: "R-E-S-P-E-C-T." III ^ Respect for teachers.
Respect for learning. Respect for themselves.
All six goals are important. And Lamar, I was thrilled to
learn that Tennessee -- a major research university and a pillar
of the science-rich, Oak Ridge Corridor -- has already taken the
lead in responding to our challenge to use science and technology
to boost America's competitiveness. Your new Summer School for
Math and Science -- and its academy for America's top elementary
and high school teachers -- is sure to make a difference.
Unbelievably, it was all put together in a week. And the
speed of Tennessee's response proves what we've been saying since
I first sent my Educational Excellence package to Congress last
spring. The time for study is past. The time for action is now.
Buts
5
science and technology, the United States is today the
undisputed heavyweight champion of the world. We produce more scholarly work
writing, more breakthroughs, more international prizes.
But like any champion, we cannot rest on our reputation.
More than 30 years ago, Dwight Eisenhower used his State of the
Union speech to address a similar challenge. "Our real problem,"
said Ike, "is not our strength today. It is rather the vital
necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow."
Building America's competitive strength today also means
that we need quick Congressional action on our other proposals,
for investing in new capital intellectual capital. That
includes everything from reforming product liability laws to
doubling the budget of the National Science Foundation.
It means a record-high increase in funds for Research and
Development -- R & D. New help for R & E -- Research and
Experimentation -- by making the R & E Tax Credit permanent. And
funds to improve math and science education: The Eisenhower
Education Grants would nearly double to $230 million.
Civilizations define themselves by challenging the
impossible. And that brings to mind another challenge that will
probably mean more to strengthening our educational system and
competitive edge than any other single endeavor. I'm talking
about space. For in the coming century, first in space will mean
number me,
first on Earth. And America intends to stay first on Earth.
Tennessee has already made important contributions to the
space program. Rhea Seddon, one of America's first women
6
astronauts, is a graduate of U.T.'s College of Medicine. And
researchers at the Space Institute here are working with NASA to
develop advanced space propulsion systems for the next generation
of manned and unmanned missions.
In the new century -- your century -- those new systems may
help take Americans back to the Moon and beyond. Our goal: To
place Americans on Mars -- and to do it within the working
lifetimes of scientists and engineers who will be recruited for
the effort today.
It's the opportunity of a lifetime -- and
offers a lifetime of opportunity.
And just as Jefferson sent
Lewis and Clark to open the continent, our commitment to the
Moon/Mars initiative will open the Universe.
yet,
Some wonder if America has lost its compétitive edge, and
ask if we must now look overseas for the answer. They point to
last week's launch in Japan -- a new satellite sent to orbit the
Moon. They forget that 26 years ago today -- long before many of
you here were even born -- America's Ranger 6 landed on the Moon.
The United States is the "defending world champion. "
We
have to defend our title day-by-day, week-by-week, year-in and
year-out. The Tennessee of Bob Nayland and Johnny Majors, of
Wade Houston and Pat Summitt, knows something about defending
athletic dynasties. Here it's done the old-fashioned way, the
Tennessee way, the American way.
You can play smart. But there are no shortcuts. It takes
hard work and grit. It demands the constant renewal of new
talent and new ideas -- always tempered by veteran coaching. And
3
7
it means sweating harder, reaching higher, and seeing farther
than the other guy.
It's never easy, keeping that No. 1 ranking. Pat Summitt
said it in 1984, just before bringing the U.S. women's basketball
team to another Olympic Gold medal. She said: "We're expected
to win now. That's a greater challenge than when you're expected
to finish second."
Pat's resht
We need the "can-do" attitude that brought our ancestors to
regars
asneverlifie
America -- and that brought America to greatness. When they
asked your own Sgt. York how he captured 132 enemy prisoners and
32 machine guns all by himself, he answered: "I surrounded 'em."
That's what I'd expect from a Tennessean. And that kind of
spirit
yerve is going to carry us into the 21st Century and beyond.
And as we approach the challenges of tomorrow, in a world
increasingly hungry for yesterday's values, I hope you'll
continue to give voice to Tennessee's frontier virtues -- hard
work, loyalty, love of place.
When we hear America singing, it is often the sound of
Tennessee. The bluegrass fiddling of the mountains. The gospel
and
and country sound of Nashville. The jazz, the blues, of Memphis.
and the S1S sippi Towlands. It is the stuff of legend, the
spirit of soul and faith. And with spirit like that -- America's
going to do a Tennessee waltz, all. over the competition.
Thank you for your warm greeting. God bless you. God bless
Tennessee. And God bless the U.S.A.
#
#
#
TAB
KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE
University of Tennessee
Alumni Auditorium
Stage/Dais Seating Diagram
Friday, February 2, 1990
1
13
2
14
3
15
4
16
5
17
6
Audience
18
7
19
8
20
1. Congressman Don Sundquist
9
21
2. Congressman James Quillen
10
3. Congresswoman Marilyn Lloyd
22
4. Congressman Jim Cooper
11
23
5. John J. Quinn - Chancellor, University of Tennessee
12
6. Ned Ray McWherter - Governor of Tennessee
7. Lamar Alexander - President of the University of Tennessee
8. THE PRESIDENT
9. Alvin C. Trivelpiece - Director, Oakridge Nat'l Laboratory
10. Lauro Cavazos - Secretary of Education
11. Admiral Watkins - Secretary of Energy
12. Congressman John Duncan
13. Dwight Kessel - Knox County Executive
14. Clyde Hopkins - President, Martin-Marietta Energy Systems
15. Thomas C. Hood - Faculty Senate President
16. Betsy Quinn - Wife of John J. Quinn
17. Norman R. Augustine - Chairman of Martin-Marietta
18. Honey Alexander - Wife of Lamar Alexander
19. USSS
20. Victor Ashe - Mayor, Knoxville, Tennessee
21. Heide Elizabeth Hagler - Tennessee Scholar
22. John G. Claybrooks, Jr. - President, Student Government
23. Mrs. Connie Lester - President, Graduate Student Association
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE
6
4TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1984 Reuters, Ltd.;
Reuters North European Service
AUGUST 8, 1984, WEDNESDAY, PM CYCLE
LENGTH: 422 words
HEADLINE: U.S. WOMEN WIN OLYMPIC BASKETBALL GOLD
BYLINE: BY LARRY FINE
DATELINE: LOS ANGELES, AUG 7
KEYWORD: OLYMPICS
BODY:
THE UNITED STATES WOMEN'S BASKETBALL TEAM WON THEIR FIRST OLYMPIC GOLD
MEDAL BY OVERWHELMING SOUTH KOREA 85-55 (42-27) TODAY.
IT WAS THE UNBEATEN AMERICANS' SECOND VICTORY OVER SOUTH KOREA - THEY WON THE
FIRST MATCH BY 37 POINTS - AND THEIR SIXTH WIN OVERALL IN THE TOURNAMENT.
SOUTH KOREA, REPLACEMENTS FOR THE SOVIET UNION WHO ARE BOYCOTTING THE LOS
ANGELES GAMES, TOOK HOME THE SILVER MEDAL. THEY FINISHED THE SIX-TEAM
COMPETITION WITH A 4-2 RECORD.
AT THE FINAL BUZZER, THE TWO TEAMS GATHERED IN THE CENTRE OF THE COURT AND
LIFTED THEIR COACHES HIGH IN THE AIR TO THE CHEERS OF THE 11,000 CROWD AT THE
FORUM ARENA.
CHINA EARLIER TOOK THE BRONZE MEDAL BY BEATING CANADA 63-57 (37 29).
THE AMERICAN TEAM, SILVER MEDALLISTS AT THE 1976 MONTREAL GAMES, WERE
INSPIRED BY THE COURAGEOUS ALL-ROUND PLAY OF FORWARD CHERYL MILLER, WHO SCORED
16 POINTS WHILE GRABBING 11 REBOUNDS AND DEALING FIVE ASSISTS.
JANICE LAWRENCE SCORED 14 POINTS AND TOOK DOWN 12 REBOUNDS AS THE STRONG U.S.
FRONTCOURT DOMINATED THE SMALLER SOUTH KOREANS.
CHOI AEI-YOUNG LED THE SOUTH KOREAN ATTACK WITH 20 POINTS, WHILE FELLOW-GUARD
KIM HWA-SOON, THE LEADING TOURNAMENT SCORER, SCORED 15.
CENTRE PARK CHAN-SOOK, SECOND SCORER OVERALL, WAS HELD TO JUST THREE POINTS.
THE TEAMS WERE LEVEL 12-12 AFTER SIX MINUTES OF THE GAME. BUT THE AMERICANS
PUT ON AN EIGHT-POINT BURST TO LEAD 20-12.
SOUTH KOREA BATTLED FIERCELY BUT WERE SIMPLY OUTCLASSED. AN AMERICAN
14-POINT STREAK FOR 62-38 EARLY IN THE SECOND HALF PUT THE GAME OUT OF THEIR
REACH.
RIGHT NOW I'M AT A LOSS FOR WORDS,' AN ECSTATIC MILLER SAID AFTERWARDS.
'RIGHT NOW I'VE ACHIEVED MY ULTIMATE GOAL.'
LEXIS® ® NEXIS® LEXIS® ® NEXIS®
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE
7
(c) 1984 Reuters North European Service, AUGUST 8, 1984
HER FRONTCOURT MATE LAWRENCE ADDED: 'I'M THRILLED WITH THIS WIN. IT MAKES ALL
THE HARD WORK WORTHWHILE. I'D LIKE TO TRY TO DO THIS A SECOND TIME IN 1986.
'I'M GOING TO ITALY TO PLAY FOR ZULU (A CLUB TEAM) AND I HOPE I CAN STAY IN
SHAPE FOR SEOUL.'
U.S. COACH PAT SUMMITT, WHO PLAYED ON THE 1976 TEAM, SAID SHE WAS THRILLED
WITH THE VICTORY. 'THIS DEFINITELY HAS TO BE THE HIGHLIGHT IN COMPARING IT TO
THE SILVER MEDAL.'
KIM HWA-SOON PAID TRIBUTE TO THE WINNERS. 'THE U.S. TEAM IS STRONG, BIG AND
FAST. THEY PLAY BOTH GOOD DEFENCE AND OFFENCE AT THE SAME TIME. WE GAVE IT ALL
WE'VE GOT BUT THE U.S. TEAM IS JUST MUCH BETTER.'
CHINA'S BRONZE WAS THEIR FIRST OLYMPIC BASKETBALL MEDAL, THANKS LARGELY
TO THE STRENGTH OF SONG XIAOBO, WHO SCORED 16 POINTS. CANADA, WHOSE SECOND-HALF
RALLY FELL SHORT, WERE LED BY BEV SMITH WITH 13 POINTS AND DEBBIE HUBAND, 12.
LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® ® NEXIS ®
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE
8
10TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Proprietary to the United Press International 1984
July 5, 1964, Thursday, AM cycle
SECTION: Sports News
LENGTH: 333 words
DATELINE: KNOXVILLE, Tenn.
KEYWORD: Oly-Summitt
BODY:
Coach Pat Summitt says the U.S. Olympic women's basketball team is
America's best ever but the Soviet boycott of the Summer Games puts greater
pressure on the squad.
Summitt said Thursday her team has been lifted From underdog to favorite
because of the boycott by the Soviet Union, which has dominated the women's game
for decades
USA.
' 'As soon as I heard about the boycott I started thinking that now there
would be even greater pressure on us,'' she said. 'We're expected to win now.
That's a greater challenge than going out when you're expected to Finish
second.
Summitt, coach of Tennessee's Lady Vols, said she hoped to avenge American
losses to the Russians.
''I think, looking back, it was a great disappointment,' she said. ''But
life goes on. The Olympics go on.
''I don't think you're going to look at that gold medal and see engraved on
it that the Soviets weren't here or that Hungary didn't participate. You're
going to see a medal those players can cherish for the rest of their lives,
Summitt said.
Summitt, who played on the First U.S. Olympics women's basketball team in
1976 and served as assistant coach in 1980, said the 1984 version is the best
yet.
'For one thing, WE have a greater number of athletes, she said. ' I also
think this team is better because it has experience. Having four players who
were on the team in '80 really gives us the maturity and leadership that I think
are vital to our success, she said.
Summitt defended her practice of picking role players and cutting players
with greater individual talent.
"I've learned in coaching that it's not necessarily athletic ability that is
vital to success,' she said. ' When you take 12 superstars who have always shot
the ball, it's sometimes difficult to convince a player that she's going to be a
rebounder or a passer or going to play defense.
LEXIS ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® ® NEXIS ®
his hibernation. If he sees his
Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary or
shadow, it indicates another six
The Wives' Feast Celebration of the presentation of
weeks of winter are
the Child Jesus to St. Simeon, and the Purification of
forthcoming. (Especially
Mary. Observed by Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and
significant in Punxsutawney,
various Protestant churches.
Pa., where the groundhog is
said to reside.)
The Saints
Religious Calendar
St. Adalbald of Ostrevant, martyr. [d. 652]
The Martyrs of Ebsdorf. [d. 880]
Feasts
St. Joan de Lestonnac, widow and founder of the
Presentation of the Lord or
Religious of Notre Dame of Bordeaux. [d. 1640]
Candlemas or
The Beatified
Christ's Presentation or
Blessed Maria Catherine Kasper. [beatified 1979]
Dia de la Candelaria or
Holiday of St. Simeon or
Feb. 2
1801
First parliament of the United Kingdom of
1964
U.S. lunar probe Ranger 6 effects lunar
England and Ireland meets.
landing and begins transmission of the
1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the
first close-up photographs of the moon.
war with Mexico and provides for the ces-
1967
General Anastasio Somoza Debayle,
sion of Texas, New Mexico, and California
candidate of the ruling Nationalist Liberal
to the U.S. (Mexican War).
Party, is elected president of Nicaragua.
1872
The Netherlands cedes the Gold Coast of
American Basketball Association, the
Africa to Great Britain.
second major American league, is formed.
1882
The Knights of Columbus are organized
1971
Major-General Idi Amin declares himself
at New Haven, Connecticut.
absolute ruler in Uganda and maintains
1884
Basutoland (Lesotho) becomes a British
control until his government is overthrown
in 1979.
Crown Colony.
1973
1901
Army Nurse Corps is organized as a
Philippine President Ferdinand E.
Marcos offers amnesty to Communists
branch of the U.S. Army.
and other "subversives" but not to their
1916
British test armored motor cars, called
leaders.
tanks, for the first time (World War I).
Pope Paul VI nominates thirty new
1920
Estonia gains independence from Russia
cardinals, bringing membership of the Col-
with the signing of the Treaty of Dorpat.
lege of Cardinals to 145.
1922
Ulysses by James Joyce is published in
1974
A new Cultural Revolution begins in the
Paris.
Peoples' Republic of China, including an
1932
U.S. Reconstruction Finance Corpora-
anti-Confucius campaign.
tion is established as a depression-relief
1982
Photographs transmitted by U.S. space
measure.
probe Voyager 2 reveal four to six previ-
1943
Last German troops surrender in Stalin-
ously undiscovered moons orbiting Sat-
grad pocket, completing Russian victory at
urn.
Stalingrad (World War II).
1959
Virginia schools are desegregated, follow-
ing Virginia State Supreme Court decision.
1960
Sit-in demonstrations begin in Greens-
boro, N.C., to protest storekeepers' refus-
als to serve blacks.
73
Jan. 9
S
Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1958
2
nust be in two parts.
Soviets, these achievements show a rate of progress that speaks for itself.
is the position in the
Only a brief time back, we were spending at the rate of only about one
million dollars a year on long range ballistic missiles. In 1957 we
S a vast complex of
spent more than one billion dollars on the Atlas, Titan, Thor, Jupiter,
strategically deployed
and Polaris programs alone.
to war in the world
But I repeat, gratifying though this rate of progress is, we must still
: Air Command and
do more!
tential attacker who
Our real problem, then, is not our strength today; it is rather the vital
f virtual annihilation
necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow.
with a marked reduc-
nediately be on their
What I have just said applies to our strength as a single country.
of retaliation. Every
But we are not alone. I have returned from the recent NATO meeting
with renewed conviction that, because we are a part of a world-wide
ole have spent $225
community of free and peaceful nations, our own security is immeasur-
defensive shield.
ably increased.
By contrast, the Soviet Union has surrounded itself with captive and
ilitary establishment
sullen nations. Like a crack in the crust of an uneasily sleeping volcano,
ith the most modern
the Hungarian uprising revealed the depth and intensity of the patriotic
ant to our planning
longing for liberty that still burns within these countries.
,-range ballistic mis-
The world thinks of us as a country which is strong, but which will
never start a war. The world also thinks of us as a land which has never
at we are probably
enslaved anyone and which is animated by humane ideals. This friend-
ange ballistic missile
ship, based on common ideals, is one of our greatest sources of strength.
study of all relevant
It cements into a cohesive security arrangement the aggregate of the
e will have the mis-
spiritual, military and economic strength of all those nations which, with
and strengthen the
us, are allied by treaties and agreements.
One encouraging
have achieved since
piter, have already
Up to this point, I have talked solely about our military strength to
SS in the intercon-
deter a possible future war.
plans for accelera-
I now want to talk about the strength we need to win a different kind
laris missile system
of war-one that has already been launched against us.
chedules are being
It is the massive economic offensive that has been mounted by the
communist imperialists against free nations.
oncentrated on the
The communist imperialist regimes have for some time been largely
ird as long as the
frustrated in their attempts at expansion based directly on force. As a
5
1170 YOELSON
Park, Florida, which from 1942 were known as the
Mendon, Monroe County, New York. Joseph
choice and irrigable land
Yerkes Laboratories, and it was there that he
Smith's Book of Mormon was published the fol-
Lake and much land in su
acquired a worldwide reputation as one of the
lowing year in a nearby town, and Young was
they early established a net
leading authorities on the great apes, especially
baptized into Smith's new Church of Jesus Christ
service operations that ma
on the chimpanzee. He published many influential
of Latter-Day Saints (the "Mormon Church") on
Having accepted the doctri
books and papers; among the books were The
April 14, 1832. After several successful missionary
he took 27 wives-some m
Dancing Mouse; a Study in Animal Behavior, 1907;
tours for the church in the fall of 1833, he
as ceremonial rather than
Introduction to Psychology, 1911; The Mental
"gathered" with the Saints in Kirtland, Ohio, and
of whom survived him, alon
Life of Monkeys and Apes, 1916; Almost Human,
joined in the march of Zion's Camp to Jackson
on his death in Salt Lake Ci
1925; The Great Apes: A Study of Anthropoid
County, Missouri, a fruitless effort to help dis-
Life, 1929, written with his wife, Ada W. Yerkes;
possessed Mormons regain their lands. For his
Young, Chic, see Young, Mt
and Chimpanzees: A Laboratory Colony, 1943. He
faith and works, he was named one of the Twelve
also served as a consultant to army intelligence
Apostles when Smith organized this body in 1835.
Young, Clarence, see Strater
during World War II. The recipient of many
The failure of the Mormon bank along with the
awards and honors for his work with great apes,
constant hostility of non-Mormons made it neces-
Young, Cy (1867-1955), ba
he died in New Haven, Connecticut, on February
sary for Young, like Smith and other Mormon
Gilmore, Tuscarawas Count
3, 1956.
leaders, to flee first, in 1838, to northwestern
1867, Denton True Young E
Missouri and by the following year, out of the
for a Canton team and was
Yoelson, Asa, see Jolson, Al
state entirely. By that time two older apostles had
land team of the Nationa
died or left the church and Young became senior
October of that year he dem
York, Alvin Cullum (1887-1964), soldier. Born in
member of the quorum. A chief figure in the suc-
stamina by pitching and wi
Pall Mall, Fentress County, Tennessee, on Decem-
cessful founding of Nauvoo, Illinois, he then went
double-header. He pitched
ber 13, 1887, York had little formal education,
to England, where he preached for a year and
1898, then successively for
dropping out of school in the third grade to work
established a mission that was to contribute many
1899-1900, the Boston Red
in a blacksmith shop. In 1911 he underwent a
British converts to the church in the United States
Cleveland Indians (America
religious conversion at a revival meeting and when
during the next half-century. Returning home in
and the Boston Braves (Nat
the United States entered World War I he declared
1841, he lived quietly among the Saints in Nauvoo
of the 1912 season. He retir
himself a conscientious objector. His petition for
until the assassination of Smith in June 1844. At
age of forty-five, too overwe
exemption from the draft was denied, however,
the time of the assassination he was absent in the
more, and went into farmin
and he was inducted into the army and served
East, but he quickly returned to Nauvoo. Young
in 906 games, a record for }
overseas in the 82nd Infantry Division. While
succeeded in his bid to head the church and early
broken when the practice o
taking part in the battle of the Argonne Forest on
in 1846 the pressure of unfriendly neighbors forced
became common; but his re
October 8, 1918, York demonstrated outstanding
him to lead the majority of the Saints out of
games, 7377 innings, and
heroism by leading an attack on a German
Illinois. They spent the summer at the Missouri
likely never to be broken.
machine-gun nest. He and his men killed 25 of the
River and in 1847 he conducted a pioneer company
especially extraordinary; h
enemy, and, acting almost alone, he captured 132
to the West, where the site of Salt Lake City was
ever to win 500 games. He
prisoners and 35 machine guns. When asked how
chosen as a settling place for the Saints. He led
and 3 no-hit games, includi
he had done this all by himself, he replied: "I sur-
the emigration of the whole church to Utah in
first "perfect" game-in wh
rounded 'em." The act made him the major popular
1848, and Salt Lake City became the base of a
27 batters in 9 innings, nc
hero of the war. On November 1, 1918, shortly
colonizing endeavor in which the Saints sought
base-on May 5, 1904. He
before the armistice, he was promoted to sergeant
out irrigable land and settled every feasible local-
games in each of the major
and later was awarded the Congressional Medal of
ity, including areas in what are now the four sur-
enjoyed seasons with 20 or
Honor and the French Croix de Guerre. Altogether
rounding states as well as in California. As the
times won over 30 games.
he received some 50 other decorations and became
supreme authority in the cooperative Mormon
1892, his best season. He
one of the most celebrated heroes of the war.
theocracy, Young supervised the most minute
National Baseball Hall of F
After the war, however, he refused to capitalize
details of the settlements, and the agricultural
in Newcomerstown, Tuscara
on his fame; he returned to Tennessee to live on
communities enjoyed phenomenal growth and
November 4, 1955. After his
a farm granted him by the state. In 1928 he
prosperity and converts continued to arrive. When
Award was established for t
published his autobiography and in 1940 allowed
Congress changed the Mormons' provisional state
major leagues each year, a:
the movie Sergeant York, starring Gary Cooper, to
of Deseret to the Territory of Utah in 1850, he
pitcher in each major leagu
be made. Cooper won an Academy Award in
continued as governor. He was appointed to a
1941 for his performance. York himself lived very
second term in 1854, but grinding friction be-
Young, Denton True, see You
modestly, giving away the bulk of the proceeds
tween the Mormons and the federal judiciary over
from his book and the movie to a foundation
the Mormon practice of polygamy and their eco-
Young, Murat Bernard (190
organized to support an industrial school and a
nomic power finally led President James Buchanan
toonist. Born in Chicago
Bible school in Tennessee. He died in Nashville,
to replace Young as governor in 1857. An army
Young grew up there and in
Tennessee, on December 2, 1964.
force under Gen. Albert S. Johnston was sent in
art schools in Chicago, New
1857 to establish the primacy of federal rule in
land before becoming a cart
Young, Brigham (1801-1877), religious leader.
Utah, and Young passively resisted the incoming
paper Enterprise Association
Born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801,
troops until the spring of 1858. His statesmanship
he switched to the Bell Sy
Young was raised in western New York State and
avoided a real break with the United States, how-
joined the King Features Sy
received only a few months of formal schooling in
ever. Although he never again held political office,
mained during the rest of }
the towns where his poverty-stricken family
he effectively ruled the people of Utah as president
drifted. He grew up to be a farmer, carpenter,
of the Mormon church. As a result of his foresight
to 1926 he drew a daily comi
painter, and glazier, and in 1829 he settled in
and firm command, Mormons held nearly all the
Dora. In 1930 he originated
about a jazz-age flapper W
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For Bob Simon from Lamar Alexander 1/30
The United States is the world leader in science and technology--more
literature, more breakthroughs, more prizes; it is an advantage we must
maintain If we are to keep our standard of living;
Our research universities are unique; we are the only country where most or
the basic research is done in our universities; we are unique in this; every
other country would love to duplicate our research universities but none has
We are proud of the progress the Universirtry of Tennessee has made,
especially during the last few years. It is one of the major
research universities in terms of the federal funding it attracts.
Its Centers of Excellence and Chairs of Excellence, the Distinguished
Scientist Program with Oak Ridge Laboratory all are great models.
I like the SCIENCE ALLIANCE between the University of Tennessee, one of the
nation's major research universities, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
the federal government's largest non-weapons lab.
**This afternoon I saw an experiment Involving one of the
distinguished scientists, a unique program involving disntiguished
scientists who teach at at UT and work at Oak Ridge.
**This indeed Is a science-rich area of America. Tha Oak Ridge
Corridor has great promise.
*Distinguished leadership of the area: John Quinn, head of UT,
Knoxville who has a prominent physicist and Dean of the Faculty at Brown;
Al Trivelpiece, ORNL head, who was executive director of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science; (Marvin Rynyon, TVA head)
Acknolwedge the Academy for Science and Math
*University's contributiuon
**Governor's, state's contribution
**Martin Marietta, Norman Augustine
Watkins
**Oak Ridge Corridor as a symbol of
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******
Wearing sweatshirt for jogging
******
Admiral Watkins' visit to Oak Ridge earlier in the year pushing science and
math connections between Oak Ridge and UT
*****
Howard Baker is UT's most distinguished alumnus, lives in Knoxville, will
probably be present
Knoxville 1s TVA headquarters
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i
For Bob Simon from Lamar Alexander, 1/30
Lamar's Fax No in Knoxville 615 974-3753
Welcome Mr. President, to the University
of Tennessee.
On behalf of Chancellor John Quinn and the
faculty and students, all the university
community-- we couldn't be more pleased that
you have accepted our invitation.
You're in the foothills of the Great Smoky
Mountains. Appalachia. Most people know that.
But you are also right in the center of of
one of the great science-rich areas of America.
Not everyone knows that.
The University of Tennessee is one of
America's major research universities.
Just down the road is the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. We call the Oak Ridge research
lab our "sister campus".
Add up the PHDs and scientists and
engineers at UT, Oak Ridge and TVA and you
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2
have about as many as live and work along the
Oak Ridge Corridor as live and work in the
Research Triangle of North Carolina where you
were earlier today.
We heard your challange Mr. President--
that the USA be No. I in math and science skills
by the year 2000.
We're ready to take up that challenge.
We know that better skills mean better
jobs, that we Americans absolutely cannot
keep our standard of living in today's world
competition unless we have better skills--all of
us--children as well as those already working
today.
And we know our science and technology
skills depend upon learning mathematics and
sciences.
So s Mr. President, here is our response:
** The University of Tennessee will
establish immediately the Summer School of
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3
of the South for Math and Science. Its mission
will be to accelerate teaching and learning of
math and science, to lead our region in meeting
your challenge.
**As part of the new Summer School, we
will create an Academy for Teachers of
Science and Mathematics. Each summer 200 of
the finest high school and elementary teachers
from our region will come to the University of
Tennessee campus for four weeks as students
--to study how to advance the teaching and
learning of math and science in our region.
**The University is proud to have some
important partners in this mission.
First, Governor McWherter
announced this morning that the State of
Tennessee will contribute $1 million over four
years to establish the Academy.
Second, Mr. Norman Augustine, the
Chairman of Martin Marietta Corporation,
announced that his corporation will give $1
million over four years to create the Martin
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4
Martin Marietta Fellowships, one for every
science and math teacher selected to attend
the summer academy. Mr. Augustine said he
wanted the academy to be one of the your
"education points of light".
Third, Secretary of Energy Admiral
Watkins has announced that the federal
government will contribute $ 1 million over four
years to one of your favorite projects, Mr.
President. The Department of Energy will
provide $1 million in funding for 20 fellowships
each year for scientists and engineers who
want to become teachers, go back into the
classroom to help our region meet your
challenge. They will enroll in the alternate
certification program at the University of
Tennessee, go immediately in the classroom,
and have their teaching certificate within 15
months.
There is much more Mr. President. The
state will continue as part of the Summer
School of the South its highly successful
Governor's School for Math and Science
Students. In many programs we will be hooking
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5
hooking up the "sister campuses", UT and Oak
Ridge, as tightly as we can to help students and
teachers.
This is a true American partnership, Mr.
President: a state research university and a
federal research laboratory, the state
government, a major corporation, a federal
agency all working together toward the goal of
the President of the United States.
All put together in one week.
If we'd had two weeks, no telling what we
might have been able to do!
We know that goals and high expectations
work, Mr. President.
Five years ago Tennessee said to its eighth
graders, "If you want to go to state
universities you're going to have to take more
math and science." There was a good deal of
grumbling.
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But today almost all freshmen are now
meeting those requirements.
As a result, admission scores are up.
Retention rates are up.
And best of all, 41 per cent more students
are taking science and advanced math in the high
schools than were taking those subjects five
years ago. The enrollment in our high schools
hasn't gone up. But the number taking science
and math has.
We expected more. So we got more.
We believe the same thing will happen with
your Goal 2000.
Because you're expecting more from
America, you'll get more from us.
We want you to succeed as Education
President, Mr. President, because if you don't
succeed, we don't succeed.
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Ladies and Gentlemen, THE PRESIDENT OF
THE UNITED STATES.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
January 31, 1990
STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS
The U.S. Capitol
Washington, D.C.
9:05 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much. Mr. President, Mr.
Speaker, members of the United States Congress: I return as a former
President of the Senate, and a former member of this great House.
And now, as President, it is my privilege to report to you on the
State of the Union.
Tonight, I come not to speak about the "state of the
government" -- not to detail every new initiative we plan for the
coming year, nor to describe every line in the budget. I'm here to
speak to you and to the American people about the state of the Union
-- about our world -- the changes we've seen, the challenges we face.
And what that means for America.
There are singular moments in history -- dates that
divide all that goes before from all that comes after. And many of
us in this chamber have lived much of our lives in a world whose
fundamental features were defined in 1945. And the events of that
year decreed the shape of nations. The pace of progress. Freedom or
oppression for millions of people around the world.
Nineteen forty-five provided the common frame of
reference -- the compass points of the post-war era we've relied upon
to understand ourselves. And that was our world, until now. The
events of the year just ended, the revolution of '89, have been a
chain reaction -- changes so striking that it marks the beginning of
a new era in the world's affairs.
Think back -- think back just 12 short months ago to the
world we knew as 1989 began.
One year -- one year ago, the people of Panama lived in
fear, under the thumb of a dictator. Today, democracy is restored --
Panama is free. (Applause.)
Operation "Just Cause" has achieved its objective. The
number of military personnel in Panama is now very close to what it
was before the operation began. And tonight, I am announcing that
well before the end of February, the additional numbers of American
troops -- the brave men and women of our Armed Forces who made this
mission a success -- will be back home. (Applause.)
A year ago in Poland, Lech Walesa declared that he was
ready to open a dialogue with the communist rulers of that country.
And today, with the future of a free Poland in their own hands,
members of Solidarity lead the Polish government. (Applause.)
A year ago, freedom's playwright, Vaclav Havel,
languished as a prisoner in Prague. And today, it's Vaclav Havel --
President of Czechoslovakia. (Applause.)
And one year ago, Erich Honecker, of East Germany claimed
history as his guide. And he predicted the Berlin Wall would last
another hundred years. And today -- less than one year later -- it's
the Wall that's history. (Applause.)
MORE
- 2 -
Remarkable events -- events that fulfill the long-held
hopes of the American people -- events that validate the
long-standing goals of American policy -- a policy based on a single,
shining principle: the cause of freedom. (Applause.)
America -- not just the nation, but an idea, alive in the
minds of people everywhere. As this new world takes shape, America
stands at the center of a widening circle of freedom -- today,
tomorrow, and into the next century.
Our nation is the enduring dream of every immigrant who
ever set foot on these shores -- and the millions still struggling to
be free. This nation -- this idea called America -- was and always
will be a new world. Our new world.
At a workers' rally, in a place called Branik on the
outskirts of Prague -- the idea called America is alive. A worker,
dressed in grimy overalls, rises to speak at the factory gates. He
begins his speech to his fellow citizens with these words -- words of
a distant revolution:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident. That all men
are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable rights, and that among these are life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness."
It's no secret that, here at home, freedom's door opened
long ago. The cornerstones of this free society have already been
set in place: Democracy. Competition. Opportunity. Private
investment. Stewardship. And, of course, leadership.
And our challenge today is to take this democratic system
of ours -- a system second to none -- and make it better.
A better America, where there's a job for everyone who
wants one.
Where women working outside the home can be confident
their children are in safe and loving care -- and where government
works to expand child care alternatives for parents. (Applause.)
Where we reconcile the needs of a clean environment and a
strong economy.
Where "Made in the USA" is recognized around the world as
the symbol of quality and progress.
Where every one of us enjoys the same opportunities to
live, to work, and to contribute to society. And where, for the
first time, the American mainstream includes all of our disabled
citizens. (Applause.)
Where everyone has a roof over his head and where the
homeless get the help they need to live in dignity.
Where our schools challenge and support our kids and our
teachers -- and where all of them; make the grade. (Applause.)
Where every street, every city, every school and every
child is drug-free. (Applause.)
And finally, where no American is forgotten. Our hearts
go out to our hostages -- our hostages who are ceaselessly on our
minds and in our efforts.
That's part of the future we want to see -- the future we
can make for ourselves. But dreams alone won't get us there. We
need to extend our horizon -- commit to the long view. And our
mission for the future starts today.
In the tough competitive markets around the world,
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America faces the great challenges and great opportunities. And we
know that we can succeed in the global economic arena of the '90's,
but to meet that challenge, we must make some fundamental changes --
some crucial investment in ourselves.
Yes, we are going to invest in America. This
administration is determined to encourage the creation of capital --
capital of all kinds. Physical capital: everything from our farms
and factories, to our workshops and production lines; all that is
needed to produce and deliver quality goods and quality services.
(Applause.) Intellectual capital: the source of ideas that spark
tomorrow's products. And, of course, our human capital: the
talented work force that we'll need to compete in the global market.
Let me tell you. If we ignore human capital, if we lose
the spirit of American ingenuity -- the spirit that is the hallmark
of the American worker -- that would be bad. The American worker is
the most productive worker in the world.
We need to save more. We need to expand the pool of
capital for new investments that need more jobs and more growth. And
that's the idea behind a new initiative I call the Family Savings
Plan, which I will send to Congress tomorrow.
We need to cut the tax on capital gains -- (applause) --
encourage risktakers -- especially those in our small businesses to
take those steps that translate into economic reward, jobs, and a
better life for all of us.
We'll do what it takes to invest in America's future.
The budget commitment is there. The money is there. It's there for
research and development -- R&D -- a record high. It's there for our
housing initiative -- HOPE, to help everyone from first-time
homebuyers to the homeless. (Applause.) The money's there to keep
our kids drug-free: 70 percent more than when I took office in 1989.
It's there for space exploration and it's there for education --
another record high. (Applause.)
And one more thing: Last fall at the education summit,
the governors and I agreed to look for ways to help make sure that
our kids are ready to learn -- the very first day they walk into the
classroom. And I've made good on that commitment by proposing a
record increase in funds -- an extra half-a-billion dollars -- for
something near and dear to all of us -- Head Start. (Applause.)
Education is the one investment that means more for our
future because it means the most for our children. Real improvement
in our schools is not simply a matter of spending more. It's a
matter of asking more -- expecting more -- of our schools, our
teachers, of our kids, of our parents and ourselves. And that's why
tonight, I am announcing America's education goals -- goals developed
with enormous cooperation from the nation's governors. And if I
might, I'd like to say I'm very pleased that Governor Gardner and
Governor Clinton, Governor Branstad, Governor Campbell, all of whom
were very key in these discussions, these deliberations, are with us
here tonight. (Applause.)
By the year 2000, every child must start school ready to
learn. The United States must increase the high school graduation
rate to no less than 90 percent. (Applause.)
And we are going to make sure our schools' diplomas mean
something. In critical subjects -- at the 4th, 8th and 12th grades
-- we must assess our students' performance. (Applause.)
By the year 2000, U.S. students must be first in the
world in math and science achievement. (Applause.)
Every American adult must be a skilled, literate worker
and citizen. (Applause.)
Every school must offer the kind of disciplined
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environment that makes it possible for our kids to learn. And every
school in America must be drug-free. (Applause.)
Ambitious aims? of course. Easy to do? Far from it.
But the future's at stake. The nation will not accept anything less
than excellence in education.
These investments will keep America competitive. And I
know this about the American people: We welcome competition. We'll
match our ingenuity, our energy, our experience and technology, our
spirit and enterprise against anyone. But let the competition be
free; but let it also be fair. America is ready. (Applause.)
Since we really mean it and since we're serious about
being ready to meet that challenge, we're getting our own house in
order. We have made real progress. Seven years ago, the federal
deficit was six percent of our Gross National Product -- six percent.
In the new budget I sent up two days ago, the deficit is down to one
percent of Gross National Product.
That budget brings federal spending under control. It
meets the Gramm-Rudman target. It brings that deficit down further
and balances the budget by 1993 with no new taxes. (Applause.)
And let me tell you, there's still more than enough
federal spending. For most of us, $1.2 trillion is still a lot of
money.
And once the budget is balanced, we can operate the way
every family must when it has bills to pay. We won't leave it to our
children and our grandchildren. Once it's balanced, we will start
paying off the national debt. (Applause.)
And there's something more we owe the generations of the
future: stewardship, the safekeeping of America's precious
environmental inheritance.
It's just one sign of how serious we are: we will
elevate the Environmental Protection Agency to Cabinet rank.
(Applause.) Not more bureaucracy, not more red tape, but the
certainty that here at home and especially in our dealings with other
nations, environmental issues have the status they deserve.
This year's budget provides over $2 billion in new
spending to protect our environment, with over $1 billion for global
change research. And a new initiative I call "America the Beautiful"
to expand our national parks and wildlife preserves that improve
recreational facilities on public lands.
And something else: something that will help keep this
country clean, from our forestland to the inner cities, and keep
America beautiful for generations to come, the money to plant a
billion trees a year. (Applause.)
And tonight, let me say again to all the members of the
Congress: the American people did not send us here to bicker. There
is work to do, and they sent us here to get it done. And once again,
in the spirit of cooperation, I offer my hand to all of you. Let's
work together to do the will of the people: clean air; child care;
the Educational Excellence Act; crime and drugs. It's time to act.
The farm bill, transportation policy, product liability reform,
enterprise zones it's time to act together. (Applause.)
And there's one thing I hope we will be able to agree on.
It's about our commitments. I'm talking about Social Security. To
every American out there on Social Security, to every American
supporting that system today and to everyone counting on it when they
retire; we made a promise to you, and we are going to keep it.
(Applause.)
We rescued the system in 1983 and it's sound again --
bipartisan arrangement. Our budget fully funds today's benefits, and
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it assures that future benefits will be funded as well. The last
thing we need to do is mess around with Social Security. (Applause.)
There's one more problem we need to address. We must
give careful consideration to the recommendations of the health care
studies underway now. That's why tonight, I'm asking Dr. Sullivan --
Lou Sullivan -- Secretary of Health and Human Services, to lead a
Domestic Policy Council review of recommendations on the quality,
accessibility and cost of our nation's health care system. I am
committed to bring the staggering costs of health care under control.
(Applause.)
The "state of the government", does indeed depend on many
of us in this very chamber. But the state of the Union depends on
all Americans. We must maintain the democratic decency that makes a
nation out of millions of individuals. I've been appalled at the
recent mail bombings across this country. Every one of us must
confront and condemn racism, antisemitism, bigotry and hate. Not
next week, not tomorrow, but right now -- every single one of us.
(Applause.)
The state of the Union depends on whether we help our
neighbor -- claim the problems of our community as our own. We've
got to step forward when there's trouble -- lend a hand, be what I
call a point of light to a stranger in need. We've got to take the
time after a busy day to sit down and read with our kids. Help them
with their homework. Pass along the values we learned as children.
That's how we sustain the state of the Union. Every effort is
important. It all adds up -- it's doing the things that give
democracy meaning. It all adds up to who we are and who we will be.
Let me say, that so long as we remember the American idea
-- so long as we live up to the American ideal -- the state of the
Union will remain sound and strong.
And to those who worry that we've lost our way -- well, I
want you to listen to parts of a letter written by James Markwell --
Private First Class James Markwell, a 20-year old Army medic of the
1st Battalion, 75th Rangers. It's dated December 18th -- the night
before our Armed Forces went into action in Panama. It's a letter
servicemen write -- and hope will never be sent. And sadly, Private
Markwell's mother did receive this letter. She passed it along to me
out there in Cincinnati.
And here is some of what he wrote: "I've never been
afraid of death, but I know he is waiting at the corner. I've been
trained to kill and to save, and so has everyone else. I am
frightened what lays beyond the fog, and yet, do not mourn for me.
Revel in the life that I have died to give you. But most of all,
don't forget the Army was my choice. Something that I wanted to do.
"Remember I joined the Army to serve my country and
insure that you are free to do what you want and live your lives
freely.
"
Let me add that Private Markwell was among the first to
see battle in Panama, and one of the first to fall.
But he knew what he believed in. He carried the idea we
call America in his heart.
I began tonight speaking about the changes we've seen
this past year. There is a new world of challenges and opportunities
before us. And there's a need for leadership that only America can
provide.
Nearly 40 years ago, in his last address to the Congress,
President Harry Truman predicted such a time would come. He said:
"As our world grows stronger, more united, more attractive to men on
both sides of the Iron Curtain, then inevitably there will come a
time of change within the communist world."
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Today, that change is taking place.
For more than 40 years, America and its allies held
communism in check, and ensured that democracy would continue to
exist. And today, with communism crumbling, our aim must be to
ensure democracy's advance. To take the lead in forging peace and
freedom's best hope -- a great and growing commonwealth of free
nations.
And to the Congress and to all Americans, I say it is
time to acclaim a new consensus at home and abroad -- a common vision
of the peaceful world we want to see.
Here in our own hemisphere, it is time for all the
peoples of the Americas -- North and South -- to live in freedom.
(Applause.)
In the Far East and Africa, it's time for the full
flowering of free governments and free markets that have served as
the engine of progress.
It's time to offer our hand to the emerging democracies
of Eastern Europe. So that continent -- for too long a continent
divided -- can see a future whole and free.
It's time to build on our new relationship with the
Soviet Union -- (applause) -- to endorse and encourage a peaceful
process of internal change toward democracy and economic opportunity.
We are in a period of great transition, great hope, and
yet great uncertainty. We recognize that the Soviet military threat
in Europe is diminishing, but we see little change in Soviet
strategic modernization. Therefore, we must sustain our own
strategic offense modernization and the Strategic Defense Initiative.
(Applause.)
But the time is right to move forward on a conventional
arms control agreement to move us to more appropriate levels of
military forces in Europe -- a coherent defense program that ensures
the U.S. will continue to be a catalyst for peaceful change in
Europe. And I've consulted with leaders of NATO. In fact, I spoke
by phone with President Gorbachev just today.
I agree with our European allies that an American
military presence in Europe is essential -- and that it should not be
tied solely to the Soviet military presence in Eastern Europe.
But our troop levels can still be lower. And so tonight,
I am announcing a major new step -- for a further reduction in U.S.
and Soviet manpower in Central and Eastern Europe to 195,000 on each
side. (Applause.)
This number -- this level reflects the advice of our
senior military advisors. It's designed to protect American and
European interests and sustain NATO's defense strategy. A swift
conclusion to our arms control talks -- conventional, chemical and
strategic -- must now be our goal. And that time has come.
Still, we must recognize an unfortunate fact: In many
regions of the world tonight, the reality is conflict -- not peace.
Enduring animosities and opposing interests remain. And thus, the
cause of peace must be served by an America strong enough -- and sure
enough -- to defend our interests and our ideals. It's this American
idea that for the past four decades helped inspire this revolution of
'89.
Here at home -- and in the world -- there's history in
the making -- history to be made. Six months ago, early in this
season of change, I stood at the gates of the Gdansk Shipyard in
Poland at the monument to the fallen workers of Solidarity. It's a
monument of simple majesty. Three tall crosses rise up from the
stones. And atop each cross, an anchor -- an ancient symbol of hope.
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The anchor in our world today is freedom. Holding us
steady in times of change -- a symbol of hope to all the world. And
freedom is at the very heart of the idea that is America.
Giving life to that idea depends on every one of us. Our
anchor has always been faith and family.
In the last few days of this past momentous year, our
family was blessed once more -- celebrating the joy of life when a
little boy became our 12th grandchild. When I held the little guy
for the first time, the troubles at home and abroad seemed manageable
-- and totally in perspective. (Applause.)
Now, I know you're probably thinking: well, that's just
a grandfather talking. Well, maybe you're right. But I've met a lot
of children this past year across this country, as all of you have.
Everywhere from the Far East to Eastern Europe. And all kids are
unique, and yet all kids are alike. The budding young
environmentalists I met this month, who joined me in exploring the
Florida Everglades. The little leaguers I played catch with in
Poland -- ready to go from Warsaw to the World Series. And even the
kids who are ill or alone -- and God bless those boarder babies, born
addicted to drugs and AIDS and coping with problems no child should
have to face. But you know, when it comes to hope and the future,
every kid is the same. Full of dreams; ready to take on the world.
All special, because they are the very future of freedom. And to
them belongs this new world I've been speaking about.
And so tonight, I'm going to ask something of every one
of you. Now, let me start with my generation -- with the
grandparents out there. You are our living link to the past. Tell
your grandchildren the story of struggles waged at home and abroad,
of sacrifices freely made for freedom's sake. And tell them your own
story as well, because every American has a story to tell.
And parents: your children look to you for direction and
guidance. Tell them of faith and family. Tell them we are One
Nation under God. Teach them that of all the many gifts they can
receive, liberty is their most precious legacy. And of all the gifts
they can give, the greatest -- the greatest is helping others.
And to the children and young people out there tonight:
with you rests our hope -- all that America will mean in the years
and decades ahead. Fix your vision on a new century -- your century.
On dreams we cannot see. On the destiny that is yours and yours
alone.
And finally, let all Americans -- all of us together here
in this chamber -- the symbolic center of democracy -- affirm our
allegiance to this idea we call America. And let us remember that
the State of the Union depends on each and every one of us.
God bless all of you. And may God bless this great
nation, the United States of America. (Applause.)
END
9:40 P.M. EST
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
January 29, 1990
PRESIDENT BUSH'S 1991 BUDGET
FACT SHEET
The President submitted the Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1991
to Congress today. The following is a summary of selected highlights. Parenthetical
notes refer to pages in the Budget at which further discussion and detail are provided.
The President's budget meets the legally required G-R-H deficit targets of $64 billion
for fiscal year 1991 and zero for fiscal year 1993.
The FY 1991 budget is presented in relation to five themes:
I. Investing in the Future
II. Advancing States as Laboratories
III. Reforming Mandatory Programs
IV. Acknowledging Inherited Claims
V. Managing for Integrity and Efficiency
I. INVESTING IN THE FUTURE (page 23)
A. INCREASING SAVING, INVESTMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY (page 25)
1. Balance the Federal budget by 1993, as required by the G-R-H law. This should
increase saving and investment and reduce the need for U.S. foreign borrowing.
(pages 3, 46)
2. Protect Social Security integrity and reduce the national debt after 1993. The
Administration is proposing legislation to assure that the intended build-up in
Social Security reserves is not used to mask the non-Social Security deficit. This
would have several favorable effects: national saving and investment should rise;
real interest rates should be lower; and U.S. competitiveness should be
strengthened. (pages 10, 46, 267)
3. Reduce tax rates on capital gains for long-term investments by providing a
permanent, sliding scale exclusion. This proposal promotes long-term investment
to increase economic growth; helps U.S. business compete in an increasingly
competitive global environment; produces increased receipts for the Treasury;
and, most importantly, increases jobs and the quality of life for all Americans.
(pages 17, 47, A-51)
4. Create Family Savings Accounts and Modify IRAs. The Family Savings Account
(FSA) is proposed by the Administration to give individuals and families an
1
extra incentive to save for the future. The proposal would exempt from income
tax the interest income on certain nondeductible contributions to FSAs that are
held for seven years. In addition, the Administration proposes to modify current
individual retirement account rules to allow a waiver of the 10 percent excise tax
penalty for early withdrawals of up to $10,000 if the withdrawn funds are used
for first-time home purchases. (pages 17, 47, A-51)
B. EXPANDING THE HUMAN FRONTIER-SPACE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND
THE SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER (page 49)
SPACE
The 1991 budget proposes to allocate a record $15.8 billion in budget authority
for space activities, including $15.2 billion for NASA. The NASA budget will
increase by $2.9 billion, or 24 percent. (page 49)
1. Building Space Transportation Infrastructure: The budget proposes funding for
Space Shuttle production and operations of $4.2 billion, an increase of $752
million, or 22 percent, over 1990. This will support the 10 shuttle flights planned
for 1991, one more than planned for 1990, plus the continued acquisition of
long-lead time spare parts, support for shuttle payloads and shuttle improve-
ments such as the advanced solid rocket motor. (page 52)
2. Expanding the Space Frontier through Manned Exploration: (page 53)
Space Station Freedom: For 1991, the budget proposes a total of $2.6 billion
in budget authority for the continued development of Space Station Freedom.
This is an increase of $699 million or 36 percent above 1990. It will provide for
the critical transition from design to actual fabrication of the first long-lead
time hardware elements.
The mission back to the Moon and to Mars: The President has lifted the
sights of the space program with his call for the establishment of a manned
presence on the moon and a manned mission to Mars. The budget reflects the
Administration's commitment to this mission by proposing $1.27 billion in
budget authority, an increase of $408 million, or 47 percent above 1990 levels,
for space exploration activities.
3. Using Space to Increase Scientific Understanding: The budget proposes to
increase funding for space science missions for planetary exploration, astronomy
and Earth observations over the next decade by $593 million in budget authority
or 22 percent, over 1990 levels. The budget will also allow for the continuation of
the development of important projects such as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics
Facility, planned for launch in 1995, and the Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby
and Cassini mission to Saturn. The budget will provide support for thousands of
researchers and students to acquire and analyze data from previously launched
missions. (page 56)
Understanding and observing global change: The budget proposes over $1
billion in budget authority to extend U.S. leadership in understanding global
environmental change. This represents a 57 percent increase over 1990. NASA
is a major participant in the U.S. Global Change Research Program
(USGCRP) through its Mission to Planet Earth. NASA will develop and launch
2
a number of satellites and instruments, including TOPEX (to analyze surface
ocean circulation) and the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) (to
analyze the chemistry of the upper atmosphere.) The 1991 budget proposes a
major new program, the Earth Observing System (EOS) which is a series of
space-based instruments and platforms, developed by the U.S., the Europeans
and the Japanese.
4. Developing the Commercial Potential of Space: The 1991 budget will continue the
Administration's strong support for the commercialization of space. NASA will
allocate $229 million in budget authority to continue to procure all of its
expendable launch vehicle services from private launch service providers. In
addition, the budget will provide $101 million for NASA's Office of Commercial
Programs, including new funding for a special initiative through its Centers for
the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS) to provide flight opportunities for
innovative experiments in microgravity. (page 58)
5. Other Space Activities: The 1991 budget proposes $258 million in budget
authority for the Department of Commerce space satellite programs. This
includes $174 million for the development and launch of replacement satellites
for the polar-orbiting and geostationary weather satellite systems and $47
million to operate those systems; and $37 million for the launch of Landsat 6.
(page 58)
BIOTECHNOLOGY (page 59)
Advances in biotechnology can help improve the availability and quality of the food
supply; prevent, identify, and cure disease; and reduce the hazards of industrial waste.
The budget proposes $3.6 billion in budget authority, an increase of $213 million over
1990, for biotechnology research and development.
To spur biotechnology R&D, the budget supports speeding up regulatory review where
appropriate. The Food and Drug Administration would establish a system of user fees
for the review of drugs and medical devices, including products that use techniques
developed through biotechnology. By substantially increasing the resources available to
the FDA, user fees will enable that agency to speed its review of biotechnology products
and, in turn, allow firms to bring their products to the marketplace sooner.
SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER (page 64)
The Superconducting Super Collider will help scientists explore aspects of matter that
are unreachable using any existing facility, and it holds the potential for new
breakthroughs in science, technology and education.
The 1991 budget provides $318 million in budget authority for the SSC, an increase of
$100 million over the 1990 level. The budget supports work to complete the design,
development, and testing of the magnets that will propel proton beams around the
tunnel. R&D on other SSC technical systems will continue.
3
C. ENHANCING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (page 67)
The budget proposes to allocate almost $71 billion in budget authority for
research and development in 1991. This is an increase of $4.5 billion, or 7
percent, over 1990 enacted levels. Civilian R&D will increase by 12 percent while
Defense-related R&D will increase by 4 percent. Within this total, $12 billion will
be allocated for basic research, an increase of $1 billion, or about 8 percent over
FY 1990.
1. Doubling of the National Science Foundation: A 14 percent increase will continue
progress toward doubling the NSF budget by 1993. (page 74)
2. Global Change: An increase of 57 percent for the U.S. Global Change Research
Program (USGCRP), to a total of over $1 billion. This program continues the
U.S. world leadership role in climate change research. (page 75)
3. Agricultural Research Initiative: The budget proposes $100 million in budget
authority as the first step of a new agricultural research program, designed to
enhance production efficiency, food safety, and environmental quality. (page 77)
4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: An
overall increase of 18 percent in allaspects of the Federal response to HIV/AIDS:
research, prevention, treatment, and income support. (page 78)
5. R&D for Advanced Technology: $192 million in budget authority, an increase of
28 percent for robotics R&D, and continued support for R&D on high
performance computing, semiconductors, superconductivity and advanced imag-
ing. (page 84)
6. Magnetic Levitation Transportation: An increase of nearly 400 percent to $10
million in budget authority to explore this potentially important transportation
technology. (page 84)
7. Science and Engineering Education: The budget proposes over $1 billion in
budget authority, an increase of 26 percent above 1990 in direct spending, for
science and engineering education activities in five agencies. In addition, the
budget provides research grants to universities in direct support fellowships and
other forms of education support. (page 87)
8. R&E Tax Credit: The budget proposes to make the Research and Experimenta-
tion Tax Credit permanent. (page 91)
9. R&D by Transnational Companies: The budget proposes to make permanent the
rules for allocation of R&D expenditures by transnational companies. (page 91)
4
D. INVESTING IN HUMAN CAPITAL (page 93)
EDUCATION (page 93)
The total 1991 budget requests for the Department of Education are the highest
ever: $24.6 billion in budget authority. Included is $19.7 billion in budget
authority for discretionary programs, $1.2 billion more than Congress provided in
1990.
1. Preparing Children to Learn: (page 99)
a. Head Start: increase by $500 million in budget authority, to a record high
total of $1.9 billion. This 36 percent increase over the 1990 level would enable
Head Start to enroll up to 70 percent of the eligible poor four year olds. (page
100)
b. Even Start: double funds to $48 million in budget authority, allowing
significantly increased participation in this program designed to provide basic
education services in low-income areas to parents together with their
children, aged one through seven. (page 101)
C. Handicapped Infants: $83 million for the Education Department to develop
and expand systems to find, and coordinate services for handicapped infants
and their families. (page 101)
d. Handicapped Children: $258 million in budget authority under the Preschool
State Grant program to pay for part of the excess cost of education and
related services for handicapped children aged three to five. (page 102)
2. Targeting Resources for Those Most in Need: (page 102)
a. Elementary and Secondary Education: increase the largest program for
remedial education services for the disadvantaged-Chapter 1 Local Educa-
tion Agency and Concentration Grants-to its highest level ever: $4.96 billion
in budget authority, an increase of $366 million, 8 percent over 1990. (page
102)
b. Educational Excellence Act: $401 million in budget authority. This proposed
legislation would give incentives to schools to improve educational achieve-
ment, expand the use of magnet schools, reward excellent teachers and
students, promote the hiring of persons with proven subject matter knowl-
edge and management abilities to be teachers and principals, increase the
endowment funds of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and provide
special funding for the school districts with the worst drug abuse problems.
(page 103)
C. Math and Science: $230 million in budget authority for the Dwight D.
Eisenhower Mathematics and Science Education programs, a 70 percent
increase over what Congress provided in 1990. These programs provide funds
to States to improve the knowledge and teaching abilities of mathematics and
science teachers. (page 104)
d. Literacy: $239 million in budget authority for the Adult Education programs
of the Department of Education, an increase of more than 25 percent over
what Congress provided in 1990. These programs include an Adult Literacy
5
Clearinghouse at the Department of Education. (In addition, funding is
proposed to be doubled from $3 million to $6 million in 1991 for the
VISTA-Volunteer in Service to America-Literary Corps of the ACTION
agency.) (page 104)
e. Historically Black Colleges and Universities: $95 million in budget authority
to support the operations of historically black colleges and universities and
graduate institutions. An additional $15 million is provided for matching
endowment grants for these institutions, triple the amount provided in 1990.
(page 104)
3. Education Research and Statistics: The budget provides for an increase of $34.5
million in budget authority for primary research and statistics activities of the
Education Department. This includes a 50 percent increase for statistics, from
$40 million in 1990 to $60 million in 1991. Among the most important new
research investments proposed are: (page 98)
a. $5 million for new research on dropout prevention. (page 99)
b. $22 million for support for a network of national research and development
centers conducting research on educational technology, reading, effective
teaching for the disadvantaged, school leadership, and other subjects. (page
99)
C. $7 million for the Educational Resources Information Center. (page 99)
d. $20 million for the regional education laboratories to support local school
improvements efforts. (page 99)
JOB TRAINING
4. Improving Job Training Opportunities: (page 104)
a. The Job Training Partnership Act: The budget seeks to refine the Federal
Government's role in the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) by: revising
eligibility criteria to ensure that the most disadvantaged receive services;
providing more intensive and comprehensive services to participants; and
improving coordination among Federal, State and local human resource
programs. (page 106)
b. Youth Opportunities Unlimited: The Administration has proposed a new,
multi-year challenge grant program entitled Youth Opportunities Unlimited
(YOU). Targeting high poverty inner cities and rural areas, this program is
designed to have community-wide impact, serving as a model in developing a
local coordinated human resource policy for at-risk youth. (page 108)
C. Job Opportunities and Basic Skills: This program was enacted as part of the
Family Support Act of 1988. The 1991 budget includes $1 billion for this
program. (page 108)
ENHANCING PARENTAL CHOICE IN CHILD CARE (page 194)
Respecting the many ways that American families care for their children, the President
has based his child care policy upon parental choice. The budget reproposes the two tax
credit initiatives for child care that were advanced last year: (1) a new refundable Child
6
Tax Credit for low-income working families of up to $1,000 for each child younger than
age four, and (2) refundability of the current Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit.
E. ENDING THE SCOURGE OF DRUGS (page 111)
The 1991 Federal drug control budget totals $10.6 billion in budget authority.
This budget will provide $9.7 billion in outlays, $2.8 billion more in outlays than
last year-a 41 percent increase.
1. Attacking the Drug Market at the Source and on the Street: (page 112)
a. At the source: (page 112)
an increase of $175 million in budget authority in economic assistance for
the Andean nations to complement military and law enforcement programs
begun in 1990. If the Andean nations show demonstrable progress in 1990,
the total assistance package will reach $440 million in 1991.
A $15 million in budget authority increase is proposed for drug control pro-
grams in countries that now produce marijuana and heroin, or serve as
trans-shipment points for those substances.
$35 million in budget authority is requested for domestic marijuana eradi-
cation.
$2.4 billion in budget authority proposed for air, land, and maritime inter-
diction operations would provide obstacles to drug smugglers, including sei-
zure of illegal shipments, and can ultimately reduce the availability of drugs
in the U.S.
b. On the street: (page 113)
$330 million in budget authority for the 13 regional Organized Crime Drug
Enforcement Task Forces. This represents a 54 percent increase over 1990.
$50 million in budget authority, a $25 million increase over 1990, proposed
to be targeted on high intensity drug trafficking areas.
An estimated $238 million in budget authority from seizures will be shared
with State and local law enforcement agencies-their fair share of Federal
seizures of drug dealers' assets.
$700 million in budget authority for the Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA). The $151 million increase over 1990 represents one of the largest
annual increases in the history of the agency.
Within the DEA budget request is a 30 percent increase for State and local
task forces to $42 million in budget authority in 1991.
$172 million in budget authority, a $32 million increase over 1990, is requested
for the FBI's anti-drug abuse activities.
$182 million in budget authority for the U.S. Attorneys to prosecute drug
dealers and users, a $45 million increase over 1990. A 30 percent increase,
a total request of $201 million, for the U.S. Marshals is also proposed.
7
$79 million in budget authority increase for the Judiciary branch, for a total
of $403 million, to try accused drug offenders.
$492 million in budget authority is requested for State and local law enforce-
ment grants, a 10 percent increase over 1990.
The Administration has proposed legislation to require States to adopt drug-
testing programs throughout their criminal justice systems as a condition for
receipt of Federal criminal justice funds.
2. Treating the Drug User: (page 114)
For 1991, the Administration requests nearly $1.7 billion in budget authority for
drug treatment activities, a 12 percent increase over 1990. This includes:
a. $760 million for Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration
(ADAMHA) drug treatment grants and technical assistance for the States, an
increase of 11 percent over 1990. (page 116)
b. $300 million for the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide drug
treatment services. (page 116)
C. Tripling the assistance for the smallest victims of the drug problem, "crack
babies." (page 116)
d. An increase of $30 million for treatment research and data collection by HHS.
(page 116)
3. Preventing Drug Abuse: School, Workplace, and Community Prevention: (page
116)
The 1991 budget requests an increase of 12 percent over 1990, or a total of $1.4
billion in budget authority for drug prevention and education activities. This
includes:
a. $496 million for drug prevention programs in the Department of Health and
Human Services: Many of these programs fund prevention demonstration
projects and research for high-risk youth populations. Drug prevention efforts
for pregnant women remain a priority. (page 118)
b. $593 million for the Education Department's Drug-Free Schools and Commu-
nities Program: This represents a $54 million increase over 1990. (page 118)
C. $150 million for drug programs for the Department of Housing and Urban
Development, of which approximately half will be directed at preventing drug
abuse in and around housing projects. (page 118)
Federal efforts will continue to support a drug-free Federal workplace. The
Administration also will propose to strengthen drug-free workplace requirements
for Federal contractors and grantees. (page 118)
8
F. PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT (page 119)
The budget provides over $2 billion in new budget authority for initiatives to
protect the environment.
1. Exercising Responsible Stewardship of America's Natural Resources: (page 120)
a. America the Beautiful: The budget proposes to establish a new "America the
Beautiful" initiative comprised of the following: (page 120)
Land Acquisition: The budget proposes to expand acquisition of high priority
national parks, refuges, forests, and other public lands. The budget requests
$250 million in budget authority in 1991 for these purposes.
Reforestation: The budget proposes $175 million in budget authority for the
first year of a multi-year initiative with these objectives: planting a billion
trees on private land across America; and launching a community trees
program, designed to plant another 30 million trees in towns and cities across
America.
Enhancing recreation and restoring natural resources: Legacy '99: The budget
includes $205 million in budget authority, 40 percent above 1990, for improved
resource protection and restoration (including wetlands conservation and
endangered species activities) and enhanced recreational opportunities in
national parks, wildlife refuges, and other public lands.
b. Protecting America's Wetlands: The budget proposes an increase of $88
million in budget authority, 24 percent above 1990, for wetlands research,
protection, preservation, and enhancement. (page 123)
c. Mitigating the Environmental Effects of Water Resource Development: (page
124)
The budget proposes $16 million in budget authority for the Army Corps of
Engineers to construct juvenile fish passage facilities on the Columbia and
Snake Rivers in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.
The budget provides $20 million in budget authority to begin the acquisition
of 88,000 acres needed to mitigate environmental losses caused by the con-
struction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway project in Alabama and Mis-
sissippi.
d. Managing America's National Forests: The budget proposes to end "below-
cost" timber sales, on nine test forests where recreation and other uses have
been increasing. "Above cost" sales on these forests will be allowed. (page 123)
2. Providing Tools for Effective Pollution Control: (page 126)
a. Increase EPA's Operating Budget: $230 million in budget authority, a 12
percent increase above 1990, for EPA's operating budget. The increase would
bring staffing growth since the beginning of the Administration to 1,630-an
11 percent increase. (page 126)
b. Implementing Clean Air Changes: An increase of over $80 million in budget
authority is requested to enable the agency to implement the ambitious new
9
proposals for revising the Clean Air Act proposed by the President last year.
(page 126)
c. Enforcing Environmental Laws: The budget calls for a 36 percent increase in
EPA's enforcement budget. This will enable EPA to redouble its efforts to
ensure that responsible parties pay for cleaning up the pollution they create.
(page 126)
d. Protecting Critical Habitats: The budget provides $95 million in budget
authority, an increase of 32 percent, for EPA's critical habitat programs,
which seek to address pollution problems in the Nation's wetlands, estuaries,
and near coastal waters. (page 127)
e. Revitalizing the Council on Environmental Quality: The budget for CEQ will
nearly double. (page 127)
f. Promoting Environmental Education: In 1991, the President will present a
cash award of $5,000 to the 100 teachers-two in each State-who design and
implement the most innovative and effective programs to teach students
about the environment. (page 128)
g. Maintaining Environmental Infrastructure: The budget proposes a $91
million in budget authority expansion of the maintenance and rehabilitation
efforts by the Department of the Interior that preserve the basic infrastruc-
ture of America's national parks, wildlife refuges, and other public lands. This
is a 19 percent increase above 1990. (page (128)
3. Cleaning Up Hazardous Wastes: (page 129)
a. Accelerating the Pace of Superfund Cleanups: The President has requested an
increase of over $200 million, which will be targeted toward cleanups. (page
129)
b. Cleaning up Federal Facilities: The budget proposes an increase of nearly
$800 million in budget authority, or 21 percent above 1990 levels, for Federal
facility cleanup efforts. (page 129)
4. Laying the Groundwork for a Cleaner, Safer Future: (page 129)
a. Global Climate Change Research: The budget contains over $1 billion in
budget authority, an increase of 57 percent over the 1990 levels, for the U.S.
Global Change Research Program, an interagency research effort designed to
improve scientific understanding and predictive capability on global change
issues. (page 129)
b. Encouraging the Development of Solar and Renewable Energy Sources: The
budget requests about $360 million in budget authority for these activities, a
substantial increase over the $208 million requested in 1990. The budget will
also request $182 million for energy conservation R&D, almost double the
1990 request. (page 131)
10
G. IMPROVING THE NATION'S TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE (page
133)
AVIATION
The President is proposing a total of $8.6 billion in budget authority, a 16 percent
increase, for aviation programs in 1991. This is the first year of a 5-year aviation
reauthorization program to provide the necessary funding to modernize and expand the
aviation infrastructure. (page 134)
1. Keeping the Skies Safe and Secure: The Administration is requesting $4.1 billion,
a $264 million or 7 percent increase over 1990, for Federal Aviation Administra-
tion (FAA) operations. The budget also includes a $20 million or 12 percent
increase over 1990, for aviation research and development. (page 135)
2. Modernizing Airspace System Equipment: The budget proposes $2.5 billion in
budget authority, an increase of $779 million, or 45 percent. (page 135)
3. Expanding Airport Capacity: (page 136)
a. Increasing Federal funding for capacity projects: The President's budget
provides $1.5 billion in new 1991 spending for Federal airport grants, a $75
million increase over 1990. (page 137)
b. Removing Federal restrictions: The Administration proposes to remove
existing statutory restrictions that prevent airports from raising certain
revenue-namely by allowing airports to levy passenger facility charges
(PFCs). Some estimates show PFCs could generate about $1 billion per year
for U.S. airports. (page 137)
4. Financing the Aviation System: The Administration proposes to increase aviation
user fees to finance these significant increases in aviation spending. The
passenger ticket fee would be raised from 8 to 10 percent and other aviation fees
would be raised similarly. (page 137)
HIGHWAYS
For 1991, the budget provides Federal-aid highway funding to cover the Federal share
of the cost to maintain the physical condition of bridges and highways of national
importance and to continue completion of the Interstate System. The Federal-aid
highway program is authorized through 1991. During this year, the Federal Govern-
ment will work with its partners-States, local governments and the private sector-to
address the projected needs for highways. The Administration will present its proposals
in the context of the highway reauthorization for 1992 and beyond. (page 138)
H. BRINGING HOPE TO DISTRESSED COMMUNITIES (page 141)
1. Expanding Tenant Management and Homeownership Opportunities: (page 141)
a. HOPE Grants: To help low-income families become homeowners with a stake
in their communities, the Administration proposes a new HOPE Grant
Program. These grants will provide funds for resident management and
homeownership in public housing, government-held vacant and foreclosed
properties, and financially "distressed" properties. HOPE Grants will provide
$2.15 billion over 3 years with States, localities, or non-profit organizations
11
required to provide $1 for every $2 in Federal HOPE Grant funds. A total of
$250 million will be set aside to provide replacement housing for public
housing developments that convert to low-income homeownership. (page 144)
b. Urban Homesteading: The budget almost quadruples funding for this
program for a total of $50 million in 1991. (page 145)
C. Prepayment Strategy: The HOPE initiative proposes a three-pronged
approach to protect tenants who would be adversely affected by much higher
and unaffordable rents in housing projects where owners will become eligible
to prepay their mortgages. (page 145)
d. IRAs for Homebuyers: To expand homeownership for young families and
first-time homebuyers, the Administration proposes the use of Individual
Retirement Accounts (IRAs) for buying a home. (page 146)
2. Reducing or Eliminating Barriers to Low-Cost Housing: (page 146)
a. Housing Opportunity Zones: The budget proposes a Federal-local partnership
to remove barriers to, and create incentives for, more affordable housing for
low and moderate income families in distressed areas through designation of
50 housing opportunity zones, chosen through a competitive process. (page
146)
b. Low-income Tax Credit: The budget proposes to extend the low-income
housing tax credit through December 1991 to encourage the new construction
or rehabilitation of affordable rental housing in areas with rental housing
shortages. (page 146)
3. Helping Poor Families and Elderly Become Self-Sufficient: (page 147)
a. Operation Bootstrap: Starting in 1991, all housing vouchers provided to
welfare families and others with very low incomes must be combined with a
local program to help them escape from dependency. (page 147)
b. Frail Elderly Housing Services Voucher: The 1991 budget proposes a
Service-Supported Housing Voucher Demonstration for the frail elderly-
those persons of at least 62 years of age who need assistance with three or
more simple activities of daily living-funded at $44 million. $34 million of
housing vouchers will be linked with $10 million for in-home services. (page
147)
4. Helping the Homeless: (page 147)
a. The budget includes $819 million for the McKinney Act programs, more than
the $727 million needed to "fully fund" the Act. (page 147)
b. Special Homeless Initiatives: (page 147)
AFDC Families in Welfare Hotels: The budget proposes a total of $143 million
for the McKinney Act Transitional Housing Demonstration program. This
program is designed to develop innovative approaches to providing houses
and supportive services to homeless individuals and families who can make
the transition to independent living within 2 years.
12
A new "Shelter Plus" Program to help the homeless mentally ill or recovering
substance abuser. HUD would provide $247 million in housing assistance for
over 8,900 homeless mentally ill or recovering substance abusers.
5. Creating Jobs and Economic Growth in Distressed Areas: (page 148)
a. Enterprise Zones: Three tax incentives are included in the President's budget
to encourage job creation and entrepreneurship in distressed areas: (page
148)
A 5 percent refundable tax credit for the first $10,500 of wages, up to $525
per worker, to qualified employees for wages earned in an enterprise zone
business.
Expensing of investor purchases of newly issued corporate stock of businesses
located in enterprise zones. This is an up-front deduction for up to $50,000
per year of new equity investment, with a $250,000 lifetime limit.
A zero capital gains rate for gains on investment in tangible property used
in an enterprise zone business and located within an enterprise zone at least
two years.
I. PRESERVING NATIONAL SECURITY AND ADVANCING AMERICA'S INTER-
ESTS ABROAD (page 151)
NATIONAL DEFENSE
The budget request for national defense is significantly less ($14.3 billion in budget
authority and $5.5 billion in outlays) than the amounts included in the President's
February 1989 budget for 1991. Budget savings in the 1991-93 period (relative to the
previously-published levels) are $63.6 billion in budget authority and $29.7 billion in
outlays. The actual savings relative to the full cost of the previously approved defense
program are considerably higher-almost $170 billion over 5 years. (page 151)
1. Department of Defense-military: The budget requests $295.1 billion in budget
authority and $292.1 billion in outlays for the military functions of the DOD:
(page 153).
a. Operations: Active duty end-strength will decline by the end of 1991 to a level
of 2,038,800-91,429 below the actual FY 1989 level-with savings of $1.7
billion. At the same time, to continue to assure force quality, readiness and
training, the budget provides for a 3.5 percent pay raise, improved benefits,
enlistment and re-enlistment bonuses, special pay for critical skills, and
continuation of current training levels. (page 154)
Strategic forces: Deployed forces will continue to include the Triad of land,
air, and sea based systems, as well as air defense interceptors.
General purpose forces: Land forces at the end of 1991 will include 19 active
and 11 reserve Army and Marine divisions, two active divisions less than at
the end of 1990. Naval forces will include 14 aircraft carrier battle groups
and 15 tactical airwings (the same as in 1990), but two of the four U.S.
battleships will be deactivated and the number of nuclear attack submarines
will decrease by 5 in 1991. Air forces will include 24 active and 12 reserve
Air Force fighter wing equivalents, 2 squadrons of B-52's dedicated to the
13
delivery of conventional weapons, and 25 strategic airlift squadrons. One Air
Force fighter wing equivalent and one conventional B-52 squadron will be
deactivated in 1990.
Special operations forces: Through 1991, Army special forces battalions will
increase from 13 to 15, and Air Force special operations units will gain 7
additional aircraft.
b. Investment:
Strategic systems: To modernize all three components of the strategic Triad,
procurement for 1991 includes the eighteenth Trident submarine and 52
Trident II missiles, 12 Peacekeeper missiles for operational testing and special
railroad trains to provide mobility for Peacekeeper missiles. The budget
requests funds for continued development of the small intercontinental bal-
listic missile. It also requests an increase for the Strategic Defense Initiative
to a level of $4.5 billion. This is $0.9 billion more than in 1990, but $1.0
billion less than previously planned.
Conventional systems: To maintain well-equipped forces, the budget provides
for procurement in 1991 of 225 M-1 Abrams tanks, 600 Bradley Fighting
Vehicles, 72 Blackhawk utility helicopters, 14 new ships, 186 Air Force fighters,
and six C-17 transport aircraft. Development will continue on the Army's
experimental light helicopter (LHX) and improved ground force systems, the
Advanced Air-to-Air Missile System, P-7 anti-submarine warfare aircraft,
and next generation tactical aircraft. Fifteen systems will be terminated with
associated savings of $3 billion. These are in addition to the five systems
terminated in the FY 1990 budget.
Research and Technology: The budget requests $38.0 billion in budget author-
ity and $37.0 billion in outlays for research, development, testing and eval-
uation-$1.2 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, more than 1990 levels. The
request includes $3.4 billion to develop technology options for future U.S.
weapon systems and to guard against technological surprise by our adver-
saries.
c. Base Closures: The budget requests $916 million for continued implementa-
tion of the Base Closure and Realignment Act approved by Congress in 1989.
$500 million was provided in the 1990 budget for this purpose. Additional
domestic base closures will be studied this year and units will be withdrawn
from some overseas bases. (page 156)
d. Drug Interdiction: The budget requests $1.2 billion for an aggressive Defense
counternarcotics program, $0.3 billion more than 1990. (page 156)
2. Atomic Energy Activities: The budget proposes budget authority of $11 billion
and outlays of $10.4 billion, compared to $9.7 billion and $8.9 billion,
respectively, for 1990. (page 156)
The budget includes $2.8 billion in budget authority for waste cleanup at various
Department of Energy facilities. This represents an increase of $601 million, or
27 percent above 1990. The budget also includes an increase of $178 million in
budget authority for Federal facility cleanup activities in other agencies.
14
Governmentwide, the increase above 1990 for Federal facility cleanup is 21
percent. (page 257)
3. Defense-Related Activities: These activities include civil defense and emergency
preparedness activities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the
efforts of the Selective Service System, and the Maritime Administration's Ready
Reserve Force. The budget requests $760 million in budget authority and $705
million in outlays for these purposes, as compared with $609 million and $648
million, respectively, in 1990. (page 157)
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
The budget requests budget authority of $20 billion and outlays of $18.2 billion for
international affairs activities, $1.4 billion and $3.6 billion more, respectively, than in
1990. The high growth in outlays reflect in part the cessation in 1991 of certain large
receipts. (page 158)
1. Foreign Aid: The budget requests $14.9 billion in budget authority and $14.2
billion in outlays for foreign aid, $1 billion and $3 billion, respectively, more than
in 1990. Much of the increase in outlays in 1991 is due to the prepayment in
1990 of past loans for military goods and services. The budget reflects an
emphasis on Eastern Europe, counter-narcotics, and the U.S. role in the
multilateral development banks (MDBs). (page 159)
a. Security Assistance: The budget requests $8.8 billion in both budget authority
and outlays for international security assistance, $0.4 billion and $2.5 billion,
respectively, more than in 1990. The largest component of security assistance
requested-$5.1 billion, or 61 percent-provides military and economic
support to Israel and Egypt. Furthering their efforts to achieve a lasting
peace in the Middle East remains a high priority of U.S. foreign policy. (page
160)
Narcotics control: The budget requests $528 million in budget authority and
$270 million in outlays for international narcotics control. The requested
funding will finance the second year of the plan to reduce the flow of cocaine
from the Andean countries of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. The major incre-
ment in this program will be $175 million of new aid for the economies of
those countries that evidence a determination to attack seriously the narcotics
problem.
b. Development and Humanitarian Assistance: The budget proposes $6.1 billion
in budget authority and $5.4 billion in outlays for development and
humanitarian assistance, $0.6 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively, more than
in 1990. This funding is to encourage market-oriented economies through
budgetary support, capital projects and technical assistance; to provide relief
from major disasters; and to provide humanitarian assistance such as refugee
care. The request includes $1.9 billion in budget authority for bilateral
economic assistance programs administered by AID and $1.7 billion in budget
authority for U.S. contributions to multilateral development banks such as
the World Bank. (page 161)
Special assistance for Eastern Europe and the Philippines: The major empha-
sis of the increases in foreign aid in 1991 is support of democracy abroad.
The budget requests $300 million for a special assistance initiative for those
15
countries in Eastern Europe that are moving toward democracy and attempt-
ing to develop free-market economies. The budget also requests $200 million
for special assistance to the Philippines.
Refugees: The budget requests $451 million in budget authority and $435
million in outlays for refugee programs, $82 million and $49 million, respec-
tively, more than in 1990.
Multilateral development assistance: The budget requests $3.2 billion in con-
tributions over the next 3 years to the International Development Association
(IDA), an agency of the World Bank. This proposed funding, when matched
by funding from other countries, will permit IDA to provide an average of
$5.5 billion in annual long-term lending to the poorer developing countries.
2. Diplomacy: The budget requests budget authority of $5.3 billion and outlays of
$4.5 billion, $1 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, more than in 1990. (page
161)
a. The conduct of foreign affairs: Funds sought for the basic salaries and
expenses of the State Department are $1.9 billion in budget authority and
$1.8 billion in outlays. (page 162)
Payments to international institutions: The budget requests $1.4 billion in
budget authority and $0.9 billion in outlays for international organizations
that are important to U.S. interests, an increase of $712 million and $187
million, respectively, over 1990 levels. The request includes $794 million for
regularly scheduled payments and $620 million to eliminate arrearages in
U.S. mandatory contributions to the United Nations and related agencies.
Reconstruction of the Moscow Embassy: The budget requests $270 million in
budget authority and $10 million in outlays to construct, under extraordinary
technical standards, a more secure building for diplomatic representation
and negotiations.
b. Public Diplomacy: Among the various programs in this area, the budget
requests $154 million for exchange programs and $125 million for USIA's
Voice of America to continue its major modernization of radio broadcasting
capacity. (page 162)
3. International Financial Programs: For 1991, the Export-Import Bank will
provide $500 million in loans and $10.6 billion in guarantees and insurance to
support U.S. export sales. (page 163)
J. PRESERVING AMERICA'S HERITAGE (page 165)
The budget proposes $757 million in direct funding of activities that preserve,
pass on and contribute to the American heritage, 9 percent more than enacted in
1990.
1. National Endowment for the Arts: The budget requests $175 million in budget
authority for the National Endowment for the Arts, $4 million more than
enacted in 1990. (page 166)
16
2. National Endowment for the Humanities: $165 million in budget authority for
the National Endowment for the Humanities, $8 million more than enacted in
1990. (page 166)
3. Institute for Museum Services: $24 million in budget authority for the Institute
of Museum Services, $1 million more than enacted in 1990. (page 166)
4. Smithsonian Institution: $308 million in budget authority for the Smithsonian
Institution, roughly $41 million more than enacted in 1990. The budget includes
$19.4 million toward establishment of a new National Museum for the American
Indian. (page 167)
5. National Gallery of Art: $49 million in budget authority for the National Gallery
of Art, $7 million more than enacted in 1990. (page 167)
6. Historic Preservation Fund Program: $34 million in budget authority for
theHistoric Preservation Fund Program of the National Park Service, $1.4
million more than enacted in 1990. (page 167)
II. ADVANCING STATES AS LABORATORIES (page 169)
The President's budget highlights and expands the effort of the Federal government to
foster and finance innovation in the States. In the areas of education and low-income
programs in particular, the President's program supports important innovations and
experiments, including steps to reduce Federal controls and regulations in order to give
State Governors and legislators greater latitude to try new methods.
III. REFORMING MANDATORY PROGRAMS (page 181)
Mandatory spending encompasses entitlements and a wide variety of other benefits,
services, and subsidies ranging from social services to electric power distribution
subsidies. The element common to all mandatory spending is that it tends to be
"automatic" in the sense that it is not normally controlled through the annual
congressional appropriations process in the way other spending, termed "discretionary"
is. Mandatory spending is now almost half of total Federal spending and will exceed 50
percent by 1994.
The sheer size of the mandatory program universe dictates careful attention to
spending, which if allowed to grow unexamined can limit the Nation's future in several
ways. Reforms are proposed in a number of mandatory programs, though most
mandatory programs will still have higher outlays in 1991 than 1990.
IV. ACKNOWLEDGING INHERITED CLAIMS (page 213)
A. ACCOUNTING FOR DEBT AND UNFUNDED ANNUITIES
The Government owes $2.2 trillion of principal to the people who have loaned it
the money to pay for past deficits. This year it will pay an estimated $176
billion of net interest. The present deficit is continuing to increase the amount of
debt, although less rapidly than several years ago.
17
Annuity programs have also created large and growing obligations on future
taxpayers. The Government spent $382 billion in 1989 for social security,
medicare, and Federal employee retirement programs, and the budget estimates
it will spend $433 billion in 1991. These programs are projected to become much
larger relative to the economy in future decades than they are now.
A thorough discussion of possible future claims under this heading is at pages
215-228 of the Budget.
B. FEDERAL UNDERWRITING RISKS-CREDIT AND INSURANCE PROGRAMS
The Federal Government is the Nation's largest source of credit and underwriter
of risk. Too little attention was paid in the past to the scope and scale of these
commitments, and often the Government's potential exposure was understated or
ignored. Events of the past few years, including insolvency of the Federal
Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation and many insured thrifts, the bailout of
the Farm Credit System, and mounting losses in mortgage insurance programs,
provide hard evidence of the magnitude of the threat. This budget reexamines
and begins to restructure Federal credit and insurance programs. Please see
pages 229-255 for a more complete discussion of these issues than has been
presented in previous budgets.
C. CLEANING UP FEDERAL FACILITIES
The President is committed to cleaning up environmental contamination from
past practices at federally owned facilities across the country, and to ensuring
that Federal agencies meet or exceed all environmental standards required by
relevant laws and regulations. Agencies have the responsibility to operate within
these laws, and citizens have the right to insist that Federal agencies be good
neighbors.
The budget contains major increases in funding for several agencies that will
result in significant progress toward the goal of bringing Federal facilities into
compliance with environmental laws. (pages 257-262)
V. MANAGING FOR INTEGRITY AND EFFICIENCY (page 263)
A. REFORMING THE BUDGET PROCESS (page 265)
The congressional budget process does not work well. The budget suggests
several reforms to improve the discipline and effectiveness of the Federal
budgeting system:
1. Joint budget resolution (page 265)
2. Improved budget measuring and "scorekeeping" (page 265)
3. Biennial budgeting (page 265)
4. Enhanced rescission authority (page 266)
18
5. Restraining supplemental appropriations (page 266)
6. Closing loopholes in G-R-H (page 267)
7. Reinforcing sequester (page 267)
8. Protecting the social security trust fund (page 267)
9. Amending the Constitution (page 268)
Balanced budget amendment
Line item veto
B. RESTORING A BASIS FOR CONFIDENCE (page 271)
1. Reducing Investment in Low Return Programs (page 271)
Total budget authority for domestic discretionary programs, which are defined as
those controlled through the annual appropriations process, is proposed to
increase from $160.5 billion in 1990 to $167.4 billion in 1991. Outlays are
estimated to increase from $184.2 billion in 1990 to $194.4 billion in 1991. These
changes are the net result of many proposed increases and decreases. Previous
sections have highlighted increases. This section of the budget details the
principal decreases in domestic discretionary programs.
2. Strengthening Management Oversight (page 278)
American citizens have the right to expect that their Government will not
tolerate recurrent scandals, such as in housing programs and procurement for
national defense. They have the right to better assurance that Federal activities
will not pollute the neighborhoods in which they operate or the ecosystem itself.
They have the right to expect that their hard earned tax dollars will go to broad
national purposes and not to those who can muscle legislators or officials for
special breaks. Americans also have the right to first rate service delivery,
systems to provide for Government efficiency and integrity, and a skilled and
well-motivated Federal workforce. Better provision for these rights and expecta-
tions will improve the basis for confidence in democratic institutions.
The budget requests $22.1 billion in budget authority and $19.9 billion in
outlays-$2.9 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, more than in 1990-to
improve Government management.
Initiatives to strengthen management oversight include:
a. Defense Management Reform: The budget includes 1991 management savings
in the Department of Defense's operations of $2.3 billion. These savings will
result from implementation of the recommendations in the Defense Manage-
ment Report, which the President transmitted to Congress in July 1989.
Personnel reductions of approximately 8,000 civilians and 8,000 military are
expected in 1991 as a result of these reforms. In addition, the Department of
Defense estimates these savings will increase to a total of $39 billion by 1995.
(page 283)
b. Enhanced Collection of Taxes and Tax Debt: To slow the growth in tax debt
(currently $61 billion), the budget includes funding for the first phase of a
3-year tax collection initiative, the overall objective of which is to increase
19
collections by $2.25 billion over the 1991-93 time period. The first phase will
generate $759 million in revenues over this interval from 1,050 additional
collection personnel to be hired in 1991. The Internal Revenue Service also
plans to reallocate existing resources so as to provide additional revenues of
$2.5 billion in 1991. (page 284)
c. Enhanced Collection of Non-Tax Debt: The budget requests an additional $55
million to accelerate non-tax collections, an investment which will improve
management controls and realize a return of $200 million in 1991. Additional
staff positions are planned for account servicing in the Department of
Agriculture's Farmers Home Administration and the Department of Veterans
Affairs. Over 400 positions have been allocated to HUD field offices to
improve portfolio management. (page 284)
d. Selected Improvements in Service Delivery: To improve service delivery, the
budget requests $6.1 billion and over 120,000 staff in 1991 for the IRS, $635
million more than in 1990; $4.2 billion for operating the Social Security
Administration, $330 million more than in 1990; $8.6 billion for the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA), $1.2 billion more than in 1990; $507 million
for selected Federal economic statistics programs, $52 million more than in
1990. (page 280)
e. Rebuilding the Public Trust: The budget requests an increase of $76 million,
10 percent more than 1990, and 670 additional staff who will assist in
implementing the HUD Reform Act of 1989. The budget also requests an
increase of $32 million for HUD automated data systems, including financial
management systems, 44 percent more than in 1990, and $8 million for the
HUD Inspector General to improve monitoring and review of HUD programs.
(page 280)
f. Strengthening the Savings and Loan Industry: The Administration proposed
comprehensive reform, and Congress enacted the Financial Institutions
Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) of 1989 in August. The
legislation imposes a number of new requirements on the industry and its
regulators to assure the safety and soundness of nearly $1 trillion of insured
deposits; it also establishes a Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) to handle
the merger, sale or liquidation of 500-600 insolvent S&Ls. (page 280)
g. Cleaning up Hazardous Waste Dumps: The Environmental Protection Agency
will in 1990 increase enforcement and tighten oversight of the Superfund
toxic waste response program. EPA will impose a 120-day deadline on
negotiations with polluters and exercise its authority to order cleanup if
settlement is not reached. Increased enforcement has already resulted in $1
billion in polluter-financed clean-up activities for 1989, nearly double that in
1988. The budget provides for a $210 million increase in 1991 to clean up
additional hazardous waste sites. This investment builds on the actions of the
Administration to provide 480 additional staff at the Department of Justice
and EPA (a nearly 40 percent increase) to strengthen Superfund enforcement
in 1990. (page 281)
h. Improving the Integrity of Student Aid Programs: To reduce guaranteed
student loan defaults and other losses from inadequate program manage-
ment, the Department of Education is pursuing a three-pronged strategy of
20
strengthened regulations, administrative actions, and changes in law. (page
281)
i. Improving Pension Oversight: The budget requests an increase of 133
investigative and legal support staff and an additional $9.3 million in the
Department of Labor to strengthen oversight of private pension plans
through the Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration. The additional
staff will enable the Department to increase reviews and investigations by
more than 50 percent and reporting enforcement investigations by 80 percent.
(page 281)
j. The Inspectors General: Over the 2-year period 1990 to 1991, the budget
specifically adds 67 staff and $6.9 million for the Department of Energy to
deal with procurement fraud, increase audits (including environmental
audits), and increase investigations and analysis. It also includes resources
for additional audit coverage of international program activities at the
Department of Agriculture; increased audit and investigation coverage of the
Pell Grant, education for the handicapped and student loan programs at the
Department of Education; increased auditing and investigative work at the
Department of the Interior; enhanced ADP capabilities at the Department of
the Treasury; additional personnel to provide adequate coverage of the
Superfund and underground storage tank programs at EPA; and additional
audits of contractors at NASA. (page 281)
k. Internal Controls and Audit Follow-up: The budget requests $3 million and
41 staff to establish or augment offices better to coordinate and manage
internal controls and audit follow-up at the Departments of Agriculture
(Farmers Home Administration), Housing and Urban Development, Interior
and Veterans Affairs, and at NASA. Working with the agencies, OMB has
identified more than 100 high-risk areas; and a central tracking system has
been established to monitor corrective actions. Deputy Secretaries and
Deputy Administrators have been told that it is their personal responsibility
to ensure that management integrity is maintained and strengthened and
that their agencies' progress must be reported regularly. OMB is also revising
its instructions to agencies to require budget information sufficient to ensure
necessary resources to correct high risk weaknesses. (page 281)
1. Presidential Priority Systems: The budget requests nearly $2 billion to design,
acquire, and operate program information systems which the Administration
has established as Presidential Priority Systems, $402 million more than in
1990. These systems include the Social Security Administration's Information
Technology System, Patent and Trademark automation, the Department of
the Treasury's tax system modernization, government-wide financial manage-
ment systems, the General Services Administration's FTS 2000 system,
systems under the Department of Transportation's National Airspace Plan,
the Integrated Border Information System, the Department of Commerce's
Advanced Weather System, and the Securities and Exchange Commission's
EDGAR System. (page 282)
m. Management Support Systems: The budget requests $558 million for manage-
ment support systems enhancement, $54 million more than in 1990. These
funds will permit continued improvement of financial systems throughout the
government so as to provide more accurate and timely information to agency
21
managers and central agencies. The funds will also assist linking these
systems electronically in a government-wide network. (page 282)
n. Credit Management Systems: The budget requests $860 million for credit
management an increase of $58 million over 1990. The Office of Management
and Budget and the Department of the Treasury have also upgraded the
effort to implement the comprehensive credit management and debt collection
program known as the "Nine-Point Program." (page 282)
O. Pay Reform: The budget allows agencies to use up to $328 million to begin
Federal pay reform. The Administration will seek legislation to authorize
geographic differentials for all personnel of up to 8 percent in New York, Los
Angeles and San Francisco; 5 percent increases in starting salaries nation-
wide at GS-5 and GS-7 levels for college entry-level occupations; the
extension of current authority to hire at pay levels above the minimum step
to all grades; and bonuses to recruit, retain of relocate critical skill workers.
The budget will also continue pay demonstrations in the Defense Depart-
ment, the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Institute of
Standards and Technology to demonstrate the effects of pay on recruitment
and retention. (page 283)
C. MANAGING BY OBJECTIVES
In Building a Better America, President Bush directed the establishment of a
Presidential Management by Objectives (MBO) system. Its purpose is to track
the implementation of selected major policy initiatives and priorities of the
Administration from the time of their formulation and announcement to their
ultimate outcomes.
The President approved specific objectives for each of the Cabinet departments
and participating agencies, as well as Government-wide cross-cutting objectives,
in July 1989. The departments and agencies have prepared strategies for
achieving these objectives and have identified milestones for measuring their
progress. The budget requests resources for the Presidentially approved objectives
within overall spending constraints. The objectives themselves are listed at pages
289-300 of the Budget.
22
The Federal Government Dollar
Fiscal Year 1991 Estimate
Where It Comes From
Excise Taxes
Borrowing
3%
Other
5%
4%
Corporation Income
11%
Tax
Social
Insurance
Receipts
34%
Individual
Income
Taxes
43%
Other Federal Operations
Grants to
6%
States & Localities
12%
National
Defense
Where It Goes
25%
Direct Benefit
Net
Payments for
Interest
Individuals
14%
43%
Table 1. RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, DEFICIT/SURPLUS UNDER THE PRESIDENT'S PROPOSED
POLICY
(In billions of dollars)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Receipts
990.7
1,073.5
1,170.2
1,246.4
1,327.6
1,408.6
1,486.3
Outlays
1,142.6
1,197.2
1,233.3
1,271.4
1,321.8
1,398.0
1,476.9
Surplus or Deficit (+/-)
-152.0
-123.8
-63.1
-25.1
+5.7
+10.7
+9.4
Note: Detail may not add to total due to rounding.
23
Table 2. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION: 1989-95
(In billions of dollars)
Estimate
1989
Function
actual
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
050 National defense
303.6
296.3
303.3
309.2
311.9
315.7
318.6
(Department of Defense-Military)
(294.9)
(286.8)
(292.1)
(296.9)
(299.0)
(302.3)
(304.8)
(Other)
(8.7)
(9.6)
(11.1)
(12.3)
(12.9)
(13.4)
(13.7)
150 International affairs
9.6
14.6
18.2
19.4
18.8
18.9
19.7
250 General science, space, and technology
12.8
14.1
16.6
19.4
21.4
22.9
24.0
270 Energy
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.6
300 Natural resources and environment
16.2
17.5
18.2
18.9
18.4
18.3
17.8
350 Agriculture
16.9
14.6
14.9
15.6
13.5
11.8
10.4
370 Commerce and housing credit
27.7
22.7
17.2
10.3
9.6
7.7
6.2
(On-budget)
(28.0)
(20.3)
(15.5)
(9.6)
(9.5)
(7.8)
(6.6)
(Off-budget)
(-0.3)
(2.4)
(1.7)
(0.7)
(0.1)
(-0.1)
(-0.4)
400 Transportation
27.6
29.2
29.8
30.2
30.7
31.3
31.3
450 Community and regional development
5.4
8.8
7.8
6.5
6.1
5.9
6.2
500 Education, training, employment, and
social services
36.7
37.7
41.0
42.9
43.5
44.1
44.9
550 Health
48.4
57.8
63.7
69.9
75.9
82.0
88.3
570 Medicare
85.0
96.6
98.6
110.1
121.9
135.0
149.1
600 Income security
136.0
146.6
153.7
159.6
166.3
174.6
181.4
650 Social security
232.5
248.5
264.8
280.9
297.7
314.6
331.4
(On-budget)
(5.1)
(3.9)
(4.7)
(5.6)
(6.0)
(6.4)
(6.9)
(Off-budget)
(227.5)
(244.6)
(260.1)
(275.3)
(291.7)
(308.2)
(324.6)
700 Veterans benefits and services
30.1
28.9
30.3
31.0
33.3
32.6
31.7
750 Administration of justice
9.4
10.5
12.6
13.9
14.2
14.3
14.6
800 General government
9.1
10.6
11.3
11.9
25.8
65.2
113.5
900 Net interest
169.1
175.6
173.0
163.5
157.0
147.8
136.1
(On-budget)
(180.5)
(191.2)
(192.9)
(188.1)
(187.1)
(184.1)
(178.9)
(Off-budget)
(-11.4)
(-15.6)
(-19.9)
(-24.6)
(-30.1)
(-36.3)
(-42.8)
920 Allowances:
Employee health benefits reform
-0.8
-0.9
-1.0
-1.0
-1.1
Reduced Government mail rates
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
Total allowances
-1.1
-1.1
-1.2
-1.2
-1.3
950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement:
On-budget
-29.4
-28.3
-30.1
-30.8
-32.1
-33.9
-35.0
Off-budget
-4.9
-5.6
-6.0
-6.5
-7.1
-7.7
-8.3
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continen-
tal Shelf
-2.9
-2.6
-3.0
-3.4
-3.1
-3.3
-3.3
Sale of major assets
-1.3
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
Other undistributed offsetting receipts
-3.3
-1.5
-2.3
-0.1
-1.3
Total undistributed offsetting receipts
-37.2
-36.5
-43.6
-43.8
-46.2
-46.6
-49.5
(On-budget)
(-32.4)
(-30.9)
(-37.6)
(-37.4)
(-39.1)
(-38.9)
(-41.2)
(Off-budget)
(-4.9)
(-5.6)
(-6.0)
(-6.5)
(-7.1)
(-7.7)
(-8.3)
Total outlays
1,142.6
1,197.2
1,233.3
1,271.4
1,321.8
1,398.0
1,476.9
(On-budget)
(931.7)
(971.5)
(997.4)
(1,026.5)
(1,067.1)
(1,133.9)
(1,203.8)
(Off-budget)
(210.9)
(225.8)
(236.0)
(244.9)
(254.7)
(264.1)
(273.1)
Note: Detail may not add to total due to rounding.
24
Table 3. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION: 1989-95
(In billions of dollars)
Estimate
1989
Function
actual
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
050 National defense
299.6
301.6
306.9
312.5
317.5
321.6
325.7
(Department of Defense-Military)
(290.8)
(291.4)
(295.1)
(300.0)
(304.4)
(308.0)
(311.8)
(Other)
(8.7)
(10.3)
(11.7)
(12.6)
(13.1)
(13.6)
(13.9)
150 International affairs
17.3
18.6
20.0
19.6
20.1
20.5
21.6
250 General science, space, and technology
12.9
14.6
17.9
20.8
22.7
24.1
25.0
270 Energy
4.1
5.6
3.3
4.1
4.6
4.4
4.2
300 Natural resources and environment
17.0
17.0
17.6
18.0
17.5
17.2
16.4
350 Agriculture
21.3
18.0
20.1
21.1
18.9
14.9
15.1
370 Commerce and housing credit
61.9
19.6
14.3
13.9
13.8
15.5
14.4
(On-budget)
(60.3)
(15.5)
(11.3)
(11.7)
(12.1)
(13.9)
(13.0)
(Off-budget)
(1.6)
(4.1)
(3.0)
(2.2)
(1.7)
(1.5)
(1.4)
400 Transportation
29.3
31.2
30.3
31.3
31.7
31.7
32.4
450 Community and regional development
7.9
9.0
7.0
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.1
500 Education, training, employment, and
social services
38.8
39.6
42.0
42.9
43.7
44.4
45.0
550 Health
51.7
60.3
64.8
70.9
76.8
83.0
89.6
570 Medicare
107.3
116.9
125.2
136.4
150.8
164.9
178.8
600 Income security
173.4
183.2
198.9
204.4
211.9
221.1
227.7
650 Social security
285.0
310.5
345.1
374.0
405.1
438.8
468.7
(On-budget)
(5.1)
(3.9)
(4.7)
(5.6)
(6.0)
(6.4)
(6.9)
(Off-budget)
(279.9)
(306.6)
(340.4)
(368.4)
(399.1)
(432.4)
(461.8)
700 Veterans benefits and services
30.0
30.0
31.0
31.5
32.1
32.8
33.6
750 Administration of justice
10.0
12.2
12.6
13.2
14.2
14.4
14.9
800 General government
10.6
10.5
11.4
11.6
25.7
65.3
113.7
900 Net interest
169.1
175.6
173.0
163.5
157.0
147.8
136.1
(On-budget)
(180.5)
(191.2)
(192.9)
(188.1)
(187.1)
(184.1)
(178.9)
(Off-budget)
(-11.4)
(-15.6)
(-19.9)
(-24.6)
(-30.1)
(-36.3)
(-42.8)
920 Allowances:
Employee health benefits reform
-0.8
-0.9
-1.0
-1.0
-1.1
Reduced Government mail rates
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
Total, 920 Allowances
-1.1
-1.1
-1.2
-1.2
-1.3
950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement:
On-budget
-29.4
-28.3
-30.1
-30.8
-32.1
-33.9
-35.0
Off-budget
-4.9
-5.6
-6.0
-6.5
-7.1
-7.7
-8.3
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continen-
tal Shelf
-2.9
-2.6
-3.0
-3.4
-3.1
-3.3
-3.3
Sale of major assets
-1.3
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
Other undistributed offsetting receipts
-3.3
-1.5
-2.3
-0.1
-1.3
Total, 950 Undistributed Offsetting
Receipts
-37.2
-36.5
-43.6
-43.8
-46.2
-46.6
-49.5
(On-budget)
(-32.4)
(-30.9)
(-37.6)
(-37.4)
(-39.1)
(-38.9)
(-41.2)
(Off-budget)
(-4.9)
(-5.6)
(-6.0)
(-6.5)
(-7.1)
(-7.7)
(-8.3)
Total Budget Authority
1,309.9
1,337.6
1,396.5
1,451.1
1,522.7
1,620.9
1,718.1
(On-budget)
(1,044.6)
(1,048.1)
(1,079.0)
(1,111.6)
(1,159.1)
(1,231.0)
(1,306.0)
(Off-budget)
(265.3)
(289.5)
(317.5)
(339.6)
(363.7)
(389.9)
(412.1)
Note: Detail may not add to total due to rounding.
25
Table 4. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY: 1989-1995
(In billions of dollars)
Estimate
1989
Department or other unit
actual
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Legislative Branch
2.3
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.9
The Judiciary
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
Executive Office of the President
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
Funds Appropriated to the President
11.0
12.4
12.4
12.7
13.1
13.3
13.9
Agriculture
55.7
55.1
55.3
56.2
55.3
53.4
55.9
Commerce
2.8
3.6
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.2
Defense-Military
290.8
291.4
295.1
300.0
304.4
308.0
311.8
Defense-Civil
37.2
36.7
38.4
40.1
42.3
44.6
46.7
Education
23.0
24.1
24.6
24.2
24.4
24.5
24.7
Energy
11.7
14.3
14.8
16.9
17.6
17.8
18.0
Health and Human Services-except social
security
196.6
212.3
232.4
249.3
270.7
293.5
314.3
Health and Human Services-social security
279.9
306.6
340.4
368.4
399.1
432.4
461.8
Housing and Urban Development
14.3
18.4
23.7
22.2
22.2
21.9
22.1
Interior
5.5
6.2
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
Justice
6.7
8.6
8.9
9.3
9.8
9.8
10.1
Labor
29.9
32.5
32.1
32.3
33.0
33.5
33.9
State
4.1
4.2
5.5
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.1
Transportation
28.5
30.2
29.3
30.3
30.7
30.7
31.3
Treasury
232.1
248.5
256.1
258.9
275.9
316.5
363.2
Veterans Affairs
29.9
29.9
30.9
31.4
32.0
32.7
33.5
Environmental Protection Agency
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.4
3.9
General Services Administration
0.2
0.1
*
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion
11.0
12.3
15.2
17.6
19.3
20.3
21.0
Office of Personnel Management
51.2
55.6
58.2
61.3
64.5
68.0
70.8
Small Business Administration
0.4
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
Other Independent Agencies
67.5
21.3
17.8
19.6
19.6
21.5
20.0
Allowances
-1.1
-1.1
-1.2
-1.2
-1.3
Undistributed offsetting receipts
-89.2
-97.3
-112.6
-122.5
-133.7
-144.0
-156.8
(On-budget)
(-72.9)
(-76.1)
(-86.8)
(-91.4)
(-96.5)
(-100.0)
(-105.6)
(Off-budget)
(-16.3)
(-21.2)
(-25.9)
(-31.1)
(-37.2)
(-44.0)
(-51.1)
Total budget authority
1,309.9
1,337.6
1,396.5
1,451.1
1,522.7
1,620.9
1,718.1
Note: Detail may not add to total due to rounding.
* $50 million or less.
26
Table 5. OUTLAYS BY AGENCY: 1989-1995
(In billions of dollars)
Estimate
1989
Department or other unit
actual
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Legislative Branch
2.1
2.3
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
The Judiciary
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
Executive Office of the President
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
Funds Appropriated to the President
4.3
9.2
12.2
13.2
12.5
12.5
13.3
Agriculture
48.3
48.2
48.7
50.3
48.7
47.8
47.4
Commerce
2.6
3.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.3
Defense-Military
294.9
286.8
292.1
296.9
299.0
302.3
304.8
Defense-Civil
23.5
24.8
25.5
26.6
27.7
28.8
29.9
Education
21.6
22.3
23.7
24.1
24.1
24.3
24.5
Energy
11.4
12.3
13.4
15.7
16.5
17.2
17.7
Health and Human Services-except social
security
172.3
191.2
204.1
222.6
241.2
262.9
283.9
Health and Human Services-social security
227.5
244.6
260.1
275.3
291.7
308.2
324.6
Housing and Urban Development
19.7
22.8
23.0
23.9
24.3
25.0
26.1
Interior
5.2
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
Justice
6.2
6.9
9.0
10.1
9.9
9.7
9.9
Labor
22.7
24.9
26.3
27.0
27.8
28.7
29.8
State
3.7
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Transportation
26.6
28.3
28.8
29.1
29.7
30.2
30.2
Treasury
230.6
247.2
254.9
257.7
274.5
315.1
361.9
Veterans Affairs
30.0
28.7
30.1
30.8
33.1
32.5
31.6
Environmental Protection Agency
4.9
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.2
General Services Administration
-0.5
0.3
*
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion
11.0
12.0
14.1
16.4
18.1
19.4
20.1
Office of Personnel Management
29.1
33.2
33.6
34.8
37.4
39.8
42.3
Small Business Administration
0.1
1.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Other Independent Agencies
32.5
26.6
23.5
16.4
16.0
14.4
13.3
Allowances
-1.1
-1.1
-1.2
-1.2
-1.3
Undistributed offsetting receipts
-89.2
-97.3
-112.6
-122.5
-133.7
-144.0
-156.8
(On-budget)
(-72.9)
(-76.1)
(-86.8)
(-91.4)
(-96.5)
(-100.0)
(-105.6)
(Off-budget)
(-16.3)
(-21.2)
(-25.9)
(-31.1)
(-37.2)
(-44.0)
(-51.1)
Total outlays
1,142.6
1,197.2
1,233.3
1,271.4
1,321.8
1,398.0
1,476.9
Note: Details may not add to total due to rounding.
* $50 million or less.
27
THE UNIVERSITY OFTENNESSEE
KNOXVILLE
THE HODGES LIBRARY
Photocopy-Preservation
Re-Order No. 53494 H-2
UT Knoxville, with nearly 200 years of
honors students underscore our commit-
academic tradition, is Tennessee's
ment to academic quality.
premier institution of higher learning.
Chairs of Excellence and a Distinguished
The 25,000 students at the University
Scientist program are bringing the world's
of Tennessee, Knoxville come from all
top scholars and scientists to the campus.
states in the nation and approximately
Centers of Excellence recognize UT
100 countries. They study with out-
Knoxville's eminence in science and
standing faculty like anthropologist
mathematics, business, materials science
William M. Bass, the Council for Advance-
and engineering, and waste management.
ment and Support of Education's 1985
UT Knoxville faculty win more than $30
Professor of the Year.
million annually in research support,
Complementing curricular offerings in
earning the institution a place among the
300 fields of study are internationally
nation's top 100 research universities.
recognized research programs and public
The University also enjoys extraordinary
service activities which improve the lives
support for its tradition-rich "Volunteer"
of Tennesseans. The University's dedica-
athletics program and for alumni and
tion to scholarship and service is marked
development programs that are top
by a newly renovated library in the center
ranked among public universities.
of the campus, while a selective admis-
Because cultural and academic
sions program and expanded offerings to
diversity is vital to the growth of a
Photocopy-Preservation
university, partnerships and exchange
Information about University of
programs have been established with
Tennessee, Knoxville programs is
universities and institutes throughout
available from:
974-1000
the world-recognition of the increasingly
global society in which we live. Innovative
Admissions and Records
Office of Alumni Affairs
technology transfer and economic
320 Student Services Bldg.
1609 Melrose Avenue
development programs are serving as
University of Tennessee
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, TN 37996-0230
Knoxville. TN 37996-3550
models for colleges and communities
615-974-2184
615-974-5432
throughout the nation. In the Technology
Corridor between UT Knoxville and Oak
Office of Development
University Communications
1609 Melrose Avenue
460 Communications Bldg.
Ridge National Laboratory, faculty
University of Tennessee
University of Tennessee
members are conducting research and
Knoxville, TN 37996-3550
Knoxville. TN 37996-0340
615-974-5045
nurturing development of high tech
615-974-2225
businesses.
Office of the Chancellor
Office of the Provost
With ideas that will shape a new
527 Andy Holt Tower
517 Andy Holt Tower
century, Tennessee is building one of
University of Tennessee
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, TN 37996-0150
Knoxville, TN 37996-1054
America's great universities.
615-974-3288
615-974-3265
or
UTK is an EEO/Title IX/Section 504 employer.
E01-0405-005-88
Photocopy-Preservation
TENNESSEE COMMUNITY DATA
KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE
May 1989
-
LOCATION
TRANSPORTATION
Region: East
Railroads
County: Knox
Sq. Miles: 528
Distance From: (City) Atlanta
Miles: 240
Served by: CSX & Norfolk Southern
Nashville
185
Piggy Back Ramp: Yes
Location Nearest Ramp: Yes
Miles:
POPULATION
City
County
1950
124,769
223,007
Highways
1960
111.827
250.523
0- Miles to Access of Interstate - 40, 75, 81
1970
174.587
276.293
1980
175,045
319,694
U.S. Highways: 11, 25, 70. 129, 441, 25-W
1986 (Est.)
173,210
329,500
State Highways: 1. 2, 9, 33, 62, 71, 73, 34, 131, 162
% Nonwhite (1980 Census)
15.5
9.5
Common Carriers
TAX STRUCTURE
Motor Freight Companies: 62
Terminal Facilities: Yes
Bus Service — Inter-City: Yes
Local
Local: Yes
City
County
Carrier Service: Yes
Property Tax
Rate Per $100 Value $3.24
$2.91
Navigable Waterway
Ratio of Assessment
Residential
25%
25%
River: Tennessee
Channel Depth: 9'
Industrial
40%
40%
Nearest Port Facility: Knoxville
Miles: 0
Personal (Equipment) .30%
30%
(Inventory Tax) Raw Materials Only
Bonded Debt
$ 217,787.533
$ 70,275,000
Nearest Airport
Assessed Valuation
$1,335,418,678
$2,582,366.546
School Tax
None
None
Location: Metropolitan Knoxville, McGhee Tyson
Sales Tax
3/4%
2 1/4%
Runway Length: 9,000'
Surface: Asphalt
Lighting: Yes
State
Gas: Yes
Octane Available: 80/100
Sales Tax
5 1/2%
Repair: Major
Income Tax
Taxi or Car Rental: Both
Personal
6% on Interest & Dividends
Nearest Commercial Service: At This Airport
Corporate (Excise)
6% of Net Earnings
Airlines Serving: United, USAir, Northwest, Comair, Piedmont,
Franchise Tax
25c per $100 of Capital Properties
American Eagle, TWA Express, Delta, lowa Airways, Eastern
Unemployment Tax
Metro Express & United Express
New Employers
2.7% of First $7.000
Daily Flights: 120
Arrivals: 60
Departures: 60
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNITY FACILITIES
Post Office Class: First
Education
Newspapers
Frequency
Circulation
Knoxville News Sentinel
Daily
99,079
State Industrial Training Service Available: Yes
Sunday
165,317
Type of Public School System: County
Knoxville Journal
Daily
43,308
Student/
Radio Stations: 8 AM, 9 FM
Teacher
Television Stations
Location
Networks
Schools
Enrollment
Ratio
5 Channels
Knoxville
ABC, CBS,
Elementary
55
23,951
25:1
NBC, PBS
Middle/Jr. High
17
10,917
28:1
1 Independent Station
Sr. High
15
14,468
35.4
Private &/or
Cable Television: Yes
Number of Channels: 21
Parochial
21
4,000
13:1
Telephone Company: South Central Bell
Voc.-Tech
6
8,475
33:1
Colleges
5
26,563
18:1
INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT SERVICES
Libraries
18
Volumes: 643,235
Service
Distance
Town
Tool & Die
Local
Health Care
Heat Treating
Loca
Foundry
Local
Heavy Hardware
Hospitals: 8
Beds: 3,197
Local
Clinics: 10 Knox Co. Public Health
Beds:
Sheet Metal
Local
Doctors: 725
Lubricants
Local
Dentists: 400
Welding Supplies
Local
Other:
Nursing Homes: 12
Beds: 1,200
Churches
FINANCE
Protestant: 400+
Catholic: 5
Banks: 11
Jewish: 2
Combined Assets: $1,960,319,000
Other: Greek Orthodox
Savings & Loan Assns.: 8
Combined Assets: N/A
Recreation
MUNICIPAL FACILITIES
Parks
34
Golf Courses
8
Government (type): Mayor & Council
Swimming Pools
8
Policemen: 278
Country Clubs
5
Cars: 320
Theatres
32
Planning Commission: Yes
Bowling Alleys
5
Zoning Regulations: Yes
Hotels & Motels
65 Total Rooms: 6.000
Industrial Development Corp.: Yes
National Chains
Yes
Largest Meeting Room Capacity
7,000
FIRE DEFENSE SYSTEM
Restaurants
200+
Other: 41 Athletic & Recreation Centers. 146 Tennis Courts. 50
Equipment: 93 Vehicles
Ballparks, University of TN & Knoxville College, Cultural &
Full-Time Firemen: 330
Sporting Events. Civic Auditorium & Coliseum, Exhibition Hall
Volunteers: None
& Convention Center
Insurance Rating: Class 3, City: Class 6-9, County
CLIMATE
NATURAL RESOURCES
Annual Average Temperature: 58.9°
Minerals: Limestone, Zinc, Marble & Shale
Monthly Average High Temp: Jan. 50° July 90°
Timber: Various Hardwoods, Pine & Cedar
Monthly Average Low Temp: Jan. 31° July 67°
Annual Average Precipitation: 47.29"
Annual Average Snowfall: 13"
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Elevation: 936' Above Sea Level
Prevailing Winds: Southwest
Crops: Beef & Dairy Cattle. Greenhouse & Nursery
Mean Length of Freeze Free Period (Days): 214
SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR
ENERGY
KNOX COUNTY
Estimated County Available Labor
Electricity
Date: 2/89 Total: 8,600 Male: 4,540 Female: 4,060
Electric Power System: Knoxville Utilities Board
Estimated Total in Surrounding Area: 16,050
Source Company: TVA
High School Graduates 1988: 3,592
Residential Rate: RP-12
% College Bound: 55.6
Commercial Rate: GP-12
Labor Force Estimates
Gas
Annual Average Employment
1988
Gas Supplier: Knoxville Utilities Board
Civilian Labor Force
163,310
Source Company: East Tennessee Natural Gas
Unemployment
7,650
BTU Content per Cubic Foot: 1,030
% of Labor Force
4.7
Fuel Oil Suppliers: 20
Total Employment
155,660
Suppliers of LP Gas: 7
Per Capita Income
Year
Amount
1987
$14,292
AVAILABLE INDUSTRIAL SITES
Retail Sales
Year
Amount
1988
(Knox County)
$3,790,878,000
SITE 1
MSA
$5,814,826,000
Site Name: East Bridge Business Park
County 10-Year Growth Report
Controlled: Yes
Acreage: 800 Remains Available
Years: 1979-1988
New Plants
Distance to Town: 14 Miles
Expansions
Number Projects:
18
Direction from Town: East
65
Total Investments:
$46,055,000
$146,705,000
Nearest Highway: U.S. 11W/11E Distance: 2.4/2.5 Miles
Nearest Interstate: 40
Distance: 10.5 Miles
Rail Line: Norfolk-Southern
UTILITIES
Electric Lines: On Site
Ft.
13.2-69 K Volts
Gas: Available
Ft.
8 In. Line
Water: On Site
Ft.
16 In. Line
Sewer: On Site
Ft.
8 & 10 In. Line
Core Drilling: Available
Treated Water Suppliers
Topo Prepared: Yes
Source: Fort Loudon Lake
Cost per Acre: Negotiable
Capacity: 50.000.000 GPD
Cost Including Utilities: Negotiable
Current Consumption: 32.000,000 GPD
Storage Capacity: 23,500,000
SITE 2
Water Analysis
Site Name: Byington Industrial Park
Hardness
89
PPM
Controlled: Yes
Alkalinity
68
PPM
Acreage: 250 + Remains Available
Iron
0.11
PPM
Distance to Town: 7 Miles
Calcium
24.1
PPM
Direction from Town: West
Turbidity
0.13
Nearest Highway: TN 62
Distance: 1 Mile
PH
7.7
Nearest Interstate: 40, 75
Distance: 5 Miles
Rail Line: CSX
Sewage Treatment
Electric Lines: On Site
Ft.
Volts
Gas: On Site
Ft.
6 In. Line
Type of Treatment: Advanced Secondary-Activiated Sludge
Water: On Site
Ft.
12 In. Line
Capacity: 80 mil. GPD
Sewer: On Site
Ft.
12 In. Line
Current Usage: 37 mil. GPD
Core Drilling: No
% City Sewer Coverage: 99.5
Topo Prepared: Yes
% Storm Sewer Coverage: 61
Cost per Acre: Negotiable
Solid Waste Disposals: Yes
Cost Including Utilities: Yes
LOCAL INDUSTRY
Employment
Firm Name
Product
Total
Male
Female
Union Affiliation
Allied Automotive (Bendix Safety)
Metal Stampings
432
N/A
N/A
UTWA
Alpha Industries
Military Apparel
375
N/A
N/A
None
Atlantic Soft Drink Co. (2 Plants)
Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks
206
N/A
N/A
None
BIKE Athletic
Athletic Equipment/Sportswear
541
N/A
N/A
ACTWU
Briggs
Steel Bathtubs. Sinks
183
N/A
N/A
SMW
Carrier Corporation
Electric Heat Units. Air
454
N/A
N/A
SMW
Allied Products Division
Conditions & Humidifiers
Computer Technology & Imaging
E Cat Scans
140
N/A
N/A
N/A
Container Corporation of America
Corrugated Shipping Containers
120
N/A
N/A
UPIU
Dana Corp./Spicer Transmission
Transmissions
150
N/A
N/A
N/A
Delta Apparel
Knitwear
800
N/A
N/A
None
DeRoyal Industries
Medical Devices
800
N/A
N/A
None
Florida Steel
Concrete Reinforcing Bar. Plain
500
N/A
N/A
None
Rounds
Hastings Manufacturing
Replacement Auto Parts
150
N/A
N/A
None
Kern's, Incorporated
Bakery Products
370
N/A
N/A
None
Lay Packing
Meat Packing
325
N/A
N/A
None
Levi Strauss (2 Plants)
Clothing
2.600
N/A
N/A
UGW
Matushita Electric Components
Electric Components
250
N/A
N/A
None
Modine Manufacturing
Air & Oil Coolers
84
N/A
N/A
SMW
Normak International Incorporated
Men's/Ladies Clothing
285
N/A
N/A
None
Palm Beach
Clothing
900
N/A
N/A
ACTWU
Perceptics Corporation
Computer Hardware Software
60
N/A
N/A
None
Plasma Alliance
Plasma Products
300
N/A
N/A
None
Plasti-Line, Incorporated
Plastic Signs
550
N/A
N/A
SMW
Phyton Technologies
Plant Tissue/Culture Laboratory
30
N/A
N/A
None
Philips Consumer Electronics Corp.
Color TV. TV Cabinets. Stereo
653
N/A
N/A
None
Cabinets
Robertshaw Controls
Temperature Controls
1.132
N/A
N/A
USW-IAM
Rohm & Haas-Tennessee
Plexiglass
325
N/A
N/A
ABGW
Rotocast
Kayaks
30
N/A
N/A
None
Roddy Manufacturing Company
Carbonated Beverages
350
N/A
N/A
None
Sea Ray Boats
Boats. Fiberglass
800
N/A
N/A
None
Silver Furniture Company, Inc.
Wood Furniture
200
N/A
N/A
USW
Swift Eckrich
Processed Poultry
326
N/A
N/A
N/A
Tennessee Tube Bending
Metal Piping
26
N/A
N/A
None
Thundercraft Boats
Fiberglass Boats
95
N/A
N/A
N/A
Toms Foods
Potato & Corn Chips
260
N/A
N/A
None
TRW, Carr Division
Electronic Relays
230
N/A
N/A
OCAW
Vinylex Corporation
Extruded Plastics
185
N/A
N/A
None
Volunteer Apparel
Warm-up Suits
170
N/A
N/A
None
Whittle Communications
Publishers
600
N/A
N/A
None
LARGE EMPLOYERS (Non-Manufacturers)
The University of Tennessee-Knoxville
6,238
N/A
N/A
None
Tennessee Valley Authority-Knoxville
3.072
N/A
N/A
N/A
For Further Information Contact:
Dept. of Economic and Community Development
Tennessee Industrial Development Division
Industrial Development Division
East Tennessee Regional Office
7th Floor, 320 6th Avenue North
706 New State Office Building
Nashville, Tennessee 37219
531 Henley Street
Telephone (615) 741-3282
Knoxville, Tennessee 37902
800-342-8470 (Inside State)
Telephone (615) 594-6074
800-251-8594 (Inside U.S.)
Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Develop-
ment. Authorization No. 330423. (Rev. 5/89) 2,500 copies. This
)
public document was promulgated at a cost of 11c per copy.
7-18-89
T
HE newly renovated John C. Hodges Library is
designed to serve the research and instruction
needs of UT Knoxville's faculty and students
well-into the 21 st century The library is named
in honorof John C. Hodges professor of Englishat UTK
for more than 40 years and author of the Harbrace
College Handbook. With 350,000 square feet, the six-
story library is the largest library building in Tennessee
Equipped with state-of-the-art computer and audio-
visual technology. it will hold more than 2 million
volumes and.seat 4,000 persons. Tours are available
through the library's User Education Office (974-4273)
Photocopy-Preservation
Bob
- Hugh Nichols (Call, get fax)
I
1 sports 974-1212 Bud Ford 974-1212
details on FB, both B- fall teams
won 231-61
in that gym 1932-58 in old gymnasium 11
- great, historic moments (inspiring)
men's 10-7 tied fn conf. lead Wed. game home Vandarlike
women's 15-4 play Sat.
#3
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UT College of Med.
M.D. 1973
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Phone 504/569-4720
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RETURNED YOUR CALL
Pat Summit
Message
trush and some at mont
RE: enfo on educational
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Dick Roberts
holding company Operator
UT
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615-455-0631
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TESTING, TASTING FOODS
TOMORROW'S MEDICINE
TENNESSEE
ALUMNUS
SUMMER 1989
EARLY START
YOU'RE NEVER
Walt
Disn
Pic
Too YOUNG
aby deep is a dark small brontosaurus a
a dis-
To ENJOY GOOD
her
(from her or Baby's life evil and, pursuers in a desperate and her his husband. jungle match to adventure advance George
WALTDISNEY WALT DISNEY PICTURES BABY THE STORYBOO STORY
BOOKS
ALSO
YOUTHS EXCEL
PROF FOR
THE DEFENSE
EAST MEETS WEST
In the
Volunteer
Spirit
Student photographer
Robert Cathey cap-
tured some smiling
faces and high spirits
when three friends
posed for him on a recent gradu-
ation day at UTK.
Eddie Sherwood, Kim Patter-
son, and David Richards are
among the hundreds of students
who commemorate graduation by
having their pictures made with
the Volunteer Statue, although
most don't go to the trouble to
"costume" the statue for the
event.
The Volunteer has been part of
the campus since 1968, and the
Volunteer symbol dates back to
1931. Thousands of students pass
the statue every day, but it takes
on special meaning when gradu-
ation brings to a close one's
student days.
Cathey shared his picture with
the Tennessee Alumnus, hoping it
would awaken some memories
among alumni.
"The idea I had in mind is that
these three students have just
graduated and are facing the same
feelings and emotions that almost
every other young graduate of
UTK has felt," Cathey says.
"Readers might be interested in
seeing that things really haven't
changed that much since they
attended school. Students still
care about their University and
how they represent it when they
leave."
THE UNIVERSITY
VOLUME 69/NUMBER 3
OF TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE
SUMMER 1989
ALUMNUS
Walt Disney Pictures'
BABY THE STORY
How to cultivate a taste for reading - page 45.
Cover photograph and above by Don Dudenbostel.
FEATURES
Trading Places/36
Tomorrow's Medicine/2
Women reigned during Sadie Hawkins week
Imaging improves patient care
The Defense Calls Randy Bresee/39
Let Them Eat (Microwaved) Cake/4
Professor is expert witness
Tasting and testing foods
Fame and Fortune/42
Walk, Don't Run/7
Football and business have been good
Horace Holmes is no "Ugly American"
to Bob Johnson
A Vested Interest in Divestment/12
Early Start/45
Getting out of South Africa is good business
Cultivating a taste for reading
Learning to EXCEL/14
DEPARTMENTS
Project encourages minority youngsters
UTopics,17/Books,24/Chapters,26/
When East Meets West/33
Profile,28/Contributors,30/
Turkish nurses listen and learn in Memphis
President's Report,31/Yesteryear,32
Published by The University of Tennessee for alumni of all its campuses: Knoxville/Memphis/Martin/Chattanooga
Editor/Diane Ballard '69
Production Editor/Tammy Pickens Designer/Ted Williams '55
The Tennessee Alumnus (USPS 538-840, ISSN 0162-2587), established in 1917, is published quarterly for the University of
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TOMORROW'S
MEDICINE
By JOYCE YORK
Patient care takes giant steps thanks to
new technology.
owerful magnets, radio
complexities of the human body
diagnosis of disease, injury, and
waves, and radioactive
and the intricacies of the latest
malfunctions within the body.
isotopes may sound like
medical technology. Dr. George
"BIC represents methods of see-
ingredients in a nuclear
Kabalka, BIC's basic science re-
ing life, disease, and all the things
cocktail. Actually, they
search director, says the future of
that go wrong right down to the
help University researchers detect
medical care will require "coopera-
cellular level - even to chemistry
disease and injury earlier and more
tion between practicing physicians
beyond the cell," Dr. Buonocore
accurately than previously possible.
and basic scientists."
says. "We hope to achieve a better
It's happening at the Biomedi-
Two 10-ton MRI scanners, a
understanding of disease and how
cal Imaging Center, part of the
PET scanner and cyclotron, CAT
we can treat it."
UT Medical Center in Knoxville.
scanners, and conventional X-ray
There, physicians, scientists, and
equipment constitute the center's
private industrial partners use mag-
high tech hardware. Chemists,
Positron emission tomography
netic resonance imaging (MRI)
engineers, pharmacists, computer
(PET) is the newest and most sen-
and positron emission tomography
scientists, and physicians use the
sitive imaging technology available
(PET) to help real people. They say
facilities, which include clinical
to help physicians diagnose disease
UT's is the first center in the world
units for patient exams, research
and dysfunction within the body.
to use the combined MRI and PET
facilities, self-sufficient electronic
Using advanced computer technol-
technologies for patient care.
labs, and computer rooms.
ogy, PET lets physicians actually
Their research brings tomorrow's
In addition to conventional
"see" the body's chemical processes
medicine to the bedside of today's
medical technology, BIC research
and study organs in a way no other
patient.
uses two of the most exciting
imaging technique allows.
Its founders say BIC is a natural
developments in science today:
PET scanners use radioisotopes
outgrowth of the medical center's
computer science and biotechnol-
or "tracers" to track chemical func-
collaboration with Oak Ridge Na-
ogy. Scientists and clinicians study
tions within the body. These tracers
tional Laboratory, UT Knoxville,
ways to extend imaging technol-
attach to compounds such as glu-
and area high technology compa-
ogy's accuracy and scope to the
cose that are found in the body.
nies. These joint research relation-
Physicians can then study
ships support a rich collection of
metabolic rates, blood flow
scientific expertise and technical
and volume, and other organ
resources in medical imaging.
functions.
N-13 Ammonia Flow
"Our goal is to shorten the time
"PET is an entirely different
between technological discovery
imaging procedure that allows
and medical care delivery by estab-
you to look at the chemistry of
lishing close cooperation between
F-18 FDG at Rest
the body, the organs, without
basic researchers and health care
having to take any samples
providers," says Dr. Edward Buono-
out of the body or cut into the
core, BIC director. "Through col-
F-18 FDG after exercise
body," says Dr. Karl Hubner,
laborative efforts - using the
nuclear medicine director.
modern facilities of the University
"It's noninvasive. PET is
Medical Center and UT Knoxville
University of Tennessee Medical Center
Knoxville
TN
April
1988
especially useful in brain
and the superb resources of East
diseases, myocardial heart
Tennessee - these investigators are
This PET study reveals a
disease, and cancer."
committed to providing advanced
damaged but repairable heart
Until recently, PET was used
medical care to patients."
muscle. Before PET, this type
mostly for research; University
Scientists and educators must
of information wasn't available
Medical Center pioneered its use in
work closely together to explore the
to physicians.
a clinical setting. Physicians have
2
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
Dr. George Kabalka, at back,
the heart, brain, spinal cord inte-
element found in nature only in
and Dr. Edward Buonocore of
rior, and other soft tissues using
combination with other elements)
the Biomedical Imaging Center
magnets thousands of times stronger
in a MRI unit, then pioneered the
than the earth's magnetic field. It's
use of boron magnetic resonance to
found PET to be very useful in
different from conventional X-rays,
locate tumors.
imaging the heart and brain. Major
which detect more dense structures
clinical uses of PET are diagnosing
like bones, or CAT scans, which
patients with coronary artery di-
show three-dimensional "slices" of
University researchers have
sease and congestive heart failure.
organs using radiation.
unequalled technological capabili-
It's also good for studying the
An MRI patient enters a cylinder
ties. MRI gives a structural and
heart's viability in prospective by-
surrounded by magnets that cause
biochemical picture of the body,
pass candidates.
the patient's hydrogen atoms to
while PET provides a chemical
PET helps diagnose and grade
literally "stand up." Radio waves
composition. Together, they offer
the severity of cardiac diseases,
interrogate the body's chemistry
the most accurate indication of the
cancer, and neurological diseases
and create a magnetic field that
human body's interworkings avail-
such as epilepsy, strokes, and Alz-
causes these atoms to temporarily
able today. And Dr. Buonocore says
heimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
tilt over. Sophisticated computers
the new technologies brim with
The technology also has the poten-
reconstruct and measure the relaxa-
potential.
tial to detect warning signs of di-
tion time and amount of tilt, then
"MRI and PET may ultimately
sease before symptoms begin.
transform the data into a detailed,
lead to prevention of diseases
three-dimensional image much like
through a better understanding of
a photograph.
how they begin," he says.
Magnetic resonance imaging
University Medical Center is one
(MRI) is also an integral part of the
of only a few institutions in the
Joyce York is on the community
center's diagnostic and clinical
world to feature multinuclear mag-
relations staff at the UT Medical
arsenal.
netic resonance capabilities. Uni-
Center in Knoxville.
The MRI scanner reveals de-
versity researchers were the first
tailed, three-dimensional pictures of
team to image boron (a metalloid
Photographs by Don Dudenbostel
SUMMER 1989
3
LET THEM EAT
(MICROWAVED) CAKE
Then have them tell how they liked it.
By DIANE BALLARD
established how to evaluate the
characteristic - "press down a 2-
centimeter piece 1 centimeter with
a fork, hold for 1 second and score
recovery after 2 seconds." Other
characteristics included degree of
someone tells you all your
softness (effort required to bite
taste is in your mouth, you
through a 1 centimeter piece),
probably should be offended. But, if
compactness, moistness, smooth-
it's true, you might be supremely
ness, ease of chewing and swallow-
qualified to work in UT's Sensory
ing, and adhesion to teeth.
Evaluation Lab.
Why go to so much trouble and
Actually, the people who test
detail? In some cases, it's for re-
and taste foods in the lab on the ag
search purposes within the food
campus at Knoxville aren't tasteless
technology and science department
oafs. They are on panels that sam-
and, in other instances, private
ple foods and evaluate them to
concerns fund the testing. One
identify what's good and bad and
recent study was done for a distill-
what can be done to make them
ery that wanted to find profitable
better. They analyze foods for taste,
uses for distiller's dried grain, a
appearance, odor, and texture.
plentiful byproduct from the
Deciding how best to describe
manufacture of liquor.
the properties of a food is the first
"Distiller's dried grain has a high
step some sensory evaluation panels
fiber and protein content," Dr. Pen-
take, says Dr. Marjorie Penfield,
field says. "We looked at baked
professor in the Department of
products to which it could be
Food Technology and Science.
added. Since the product is derived
"Groups meet and define their
from corn, we first thought it would
terms," she says. "They keep at it
be good to use in corn-based prod-
until they understand and agree
ucts, but that didn't go well.
upon the definitions."
"We discovered it was better in
For example, in a project on the
sweet or spicy products such as
sensory evaluation of microwaved
doughnuts and spice cookies. It also
cakes, panelists decided to rate the
works well in yeast bread.
cakes on 36 different qualities. One
"We actually developed labora-
was "springiness." The group agreed
tory formulas for certain products
on the term, set the boundaries as
that the distiller can use to help
Photograph by Don Dudenbostel
"no recovery" to "complete," and
develop a market for the grain."
SUMMER 1989
5
important is consistency - if one
number and kind of panelists
t's best to
rinses, they all must rinse. And we
needed for a particular project.
be cautious when
don't always use just water. Apple
Graduate students went to Green-
slices and crackers are good for
ville, South Carolina, to find out if
interpreting the
rinsing, too, especially when we're
customers in a restaurant there
results of sensory
testing products that have a strong
liked shrimp and french fries fried
evaluations.
flavor or leave a fatty coating in the
in various oils.
mouth."
"They went to Greenville
Despite efforts to be
Dr. Penfield says it's best to be
because a restaurant there agreed to
objective, panelists'
cautious when interpreting the re-
use the different kinds of oils," Dr.
sults of sensory evaluations. Despite
Penfield says. "The customers were
opinions vary.
efforts to be objective, panelists'
asked to rate the products, and the
opinions may vary for numerous
restaurant gave incentive coupons."
reasons.
After the tasting and testing is
"One problem is a psychological
through, the findings become cold,
error in judgment called a contrast
hard statistics.
error. If panelists are served a good
"Some of my students cringe
product and then a bad product,
when they find out that a big part
they'll rate the bad product lower
of sensory evaluation is statistics,"
than if they had sampled it alone.
Dr. Penfield says. But from statisti-
The same is true if they're served
cal data can emerge graphics that
the bad product first and then the
show at a glance the results of
good one. They'll rate the good
lengthy, detailed studies.
product higher than if it was served
"This is a trend in our field to
Another recent study for a na-
alone.
show graphically how a product
tional dairy organization was of
"To minimize this problem when
rates," Dr. Penfield says. "We can
rancid flavored milk.
we're evaluating two samples, we
make a picture of our findings."
"A graduate student trained
serve half the judges one product
Sensory evaluation is a "hot"
eight other students to recognize
first, and the other half get the
area. It's not limited just to foods,
rancid flavors in milk. The panel
other product first. Then the con-
but also is important in evaluating
met three to four times a week until
trasts balance out."
odors of home care products such as
they were able to recognize the ran-
After laboratory panels have
air fresheners and cleansers and
cid flavor. Then they came to the
tested foods, they are tried out on
personal products like deodorant.
lab two times a week to evaluate
consumer panels - larger groups
Sensory evaluation plays a major
the intensity of the rancid note in
that sample the foods under unsci-
role in research and product devel-
milk samples.
entific conditions and tell how they
opment as well as quality control,
"They don't swallow the milk,"
like them on simple, printed forms.
and many major companies have
she added.
One form uses variations of the
their own sensory labs.
When panelists are at work, it's
well-known "smiley face." Under a
"We're now offering a course to
all business. They don't sit around a
question that asks for the overall
meet the demand for students
big table and chat while they sam-
impression of a new type of cookie
who've had some training in this
ple. They are closed in a tasting
are five faces, ranging from full
area," Dr. Penfield said. "There's a
room, and each person is in a sepa-
frown to full smile. A person can
trend toward recognizing the need
rate booth. The food samples are
mark the face that best reflects his
for sensory evaluation, and the
served through individual hatches,
or her opinion.
demand for people trained in the
so the server isn't seen. The light-
"Consumer panels enable you to
area is high."
ing can be varied depending on the
double check what you've shown
Do students balk at testing such
foods being tested. Small samples
with your lab panels," Dr. Penfield
samples as rancid milk or sweet
are served.
says.
potato yogurt?
"If you're asking panelists to test
"You can do lots of tests in the
No, says Dr. Penfield.
foods for flavor, you might ask them
lab, but what you find when you get
"Graduate students twist each
not to eat for 45 minutes to an hour
out in real practice may be entirely
other's arms. They know they better
before," Dr. Penfield says. "Some-
different."
help their friends with their re-
times you have them rinse their
The boundaries of the sensory
search projects because they'll need
mouths between tastings. What's
lab sometimes expand to get the
help, too, on down the line."
6
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
WALK, DON'T RUN
By NEAL O'STEEN
India to Egypt, Shanghai to Shangri-La, Horace Holmes has taught
and practiced the basics of farming.
n the wall of the study at
And the gulf between govern-
enunciated by Harry Truman in
his Florida home, Horace
ment and farmer must be bridged
1949 and continued today in the
Holmes (UTK '30), ex-
without "a show of power," accord-
work of the Agency for Interna-
pert on the agricultural
ing to Holmes. He tells of countries
tional Development as well as other
development of Third World coun-
where it is common for the agricul-
agencies, foundations, and universi-
tries, has a framed copy of "Holmes
tural adviser to visit his rural charges
ties. He dug his hands into the soil
Law." It reads:
wearing a pistol.
of countries around the world, be-
"The most important step that
Today, at age 80, Horace Holmes
ginning with civil war-torn China
a government can take to promote
has plenty of time to reflect upon
of the late 1940s and on through
development is to stop doing the
his career as a widely traveled
India, Pakistan, Thailand, and
things that prevent it."
Egypt, to name a few.
Put in other words,
His last foreign post
Holmes might have said:
before retiring in 1968
"You don't teach a child to
was with the U.S. em-
run before it can walk -
bassy in Bangkok, the
so why overwhelm Third
regional American aid
World farmers with scien-
office for Southeast
tific knowledge and high-
Asia. For two years he
ly technical tools before
promoted agricultural
they master basic farming
development in Thai-
practices, using simple
land, Laos, the Phil-
tools at hand?"
ippines, Korea, and In-
In his two decades of
donesia. He was with
agricultural work in for-
Agricultural Secretary
eign fields, Holmes ob-
Orville Freeman's mis-
served that governments
sion to Vietnam in the
tend to pour excessive
mid-1960s.
amounts of expensive
In many parts of the
tools and scientific knowl-
world, among farmers
edge into projects in-
and government offi-
tended to help farmers,
cials, his name became a
all of which can hinder
household word. Plau-
progress. His personal
dits came from dignitar-
policy was to offer Third
ies and from those who
World farmers what they
worked the earth. For
could understand and use,
one, Dr. Raymond Mil-
mainly within their own resources
A young Horace Holmes discusses
ler of the Harvard Graduate School
and in a way that met their own
agricultural practices on one of his
of Business and consultant to the
interests.
many missions abroad. He was
United Nations Food and Agricul-
Modest beginnings, however,
famous for his technical knowledge
and his success at dealing with
ture Organization in 1932 praised
must be followed by the education-
farmers in developing nations.
Holmes for teaching farmers in
al process practiced by the agricul-
India "the methods he used to teach
tural extension system familiar to
"county agent" while helping his
farmers in the South."
American farmers. "There must be
son David develop their 70-acre
A Washington Post editorial that
a continuing source of scientific in-
orange grove in central Florida -
same year called Holmes "one of
formation that these farmers can
his private "Shangri-La" shared
this country's most resourceful and
use," Holmes said. "And it has to be
with his wife of 50 years.
successful technical experts abroad,"
offered by people the farmers can
From the 1940s into the 1960s,
pointing specifically to his efforts to
trust. They've seen toomany medi-
Holmes applied his "shirt-sleeves"
establish India's extension program.
cine men and heard too many
farming methods to the aims and
A 1950 New York Times articlé de-
speeches."
goals of the Point Four Program,
scribed the Holmes method as
SUMMER 1989
7
simply identifying farm problems,
the Point Four agency, he had been
tember 1926.
one by one, and helping people
agricultural development adviser to
While studying agricultural eco-
solve them with their own hands
the Indian government for two
nomics and education, Horace paid
and without too much government
years, during which time he had
the bills by holding various part-
interference and with some practi-
helped to develop the Etawah Proj-
time jobs. For a time he arose at 4
cal government assistance.
ect, a special farming program in
a.m. to deliver newspapers, return-
For his work with farmers in
northern India near New Delhi.
ing in time for an 8 o'clock class.
India, Eleanor Roosevelt called
This project had become a model
He made $10 a month as a labora-
Holmes the "greatest promoter of
for the Point Four efforts in that
tory assistant for a spell. He waited
international understanding" in
country. By introducing better vari-
tables and sold shoes. He tried sell-
that country.
eties of wheat and potatoes, using
ing cemetery lots.
The New York Times Magazine of
simple tools, and using animal
Retired UT agricultural dean
March 23, 1952, featured Holmes
wastes for fertilizer, Holmes and his
N.D. Peacock - Holmes' favorite
and the results achieved in India. A
associates had boosted wheat pro-
professor while in school - today
1951 special issue of Life featuring
duction by 63 percent and potato
remembers Horace as "a leader
"Asia: Its Troubles and Opportuni-
yield by 112 percent.
among students." Now living in
ties," included an article entitled
In referring to the project, Paul
Knoxville, the 93-year-old former
"A County Agent Comes to India,"
Hoffman, president of the Ford
dean said he has followed his pupil's
referring to the Holmes record
Foundation, for which Holmes lat-
long career abroad; and he referred
there.
er worked, said, "At Etawah Mr.
to Holmes' "enviable reputation in
Perhaps his approach was best
Holmes has demonstrated that a
India."
summarized by a brief mention of
very few dollars can help a large
"I was always glad to have him
his work in the Science section of
number of earnest Indians to help
in one of my courses, because he
Time magazine: "In any of the for-
themselves to a better life."
improved class morale," Peacock
eign countries we are apt to make
recalled.
the mistake of attempting to Amer-
While in West Tennessee,
icanize the people. They do not
We
Holmes served as a judge in the
necessarily want to be Americans,
even got Nehru out
Memphis Commercial Appeal's
nor do they need to be." In this
annual "Plant to Prosper" contest
context, Holmes believes "you have
with a shovel.
from 1939 to 1943. He wrote sev-
to start with people where they are,
eral extension publications dealing
not where you think they should
with agricultural economics and
be."
Holmes' "shirt-sleeves county
farm management. He devised a
Holmes' work also drew praise
agent" approach to farming needs
system of farm budgeting and farm
from President Truman. In the fall
in distant lands was grounded in
leasing used widely throughout.
of 1951 Truman wanted to hear
some dozen years with the Univer-
Tennessee, North Carolina, and
from someone who had been work-
sity of Tennessee's agricultural
other southern states.
ing with the Point Four Program in
extension program. After finishing
Holmes took time out from his
India, and Holmes was summoned
the bachelor's degree in agriculture
job to study at Cornell University,
to Washington. The president
at Knoxville in 1930, he became an
where he earned a master's degree
lauded the UT alumnus for the
assistant farm management special-
in 1938. The next year he married
"marvelous results" being realized in
ist at Jackson, in his native West
the former Eveline Savage of Bol-
India. While in the United States,
Tennessee. There he came under
ivar, Tennessee, a widow with a
Holmes testified before the House
the tutelage of Herbert S. Nichols,
small son. Holmes had three sons of
Foreign Affairs Committee on the
who helped to frame the Holmes
his own by a former marriage -
program's achievements and budget
philosophy. Holmes moved to the
Horace, David, and Dick. Eveline
needs; and he spoke on the pro-
extension office at Knoxville in
would-share in his world travels in
gram's prospects in India before a
1935, where C.E. Brehm, later UT
later years.
New York Herald Tribune forum.
president, was director.
Holmes entered World War II on
The effort grew out of the
Holmes was born in Hardeman
the home front. In 1942 he wrote
"fourth point" in Truman's 1949
County, Tennessee, in 1908, the son
"A Farmer's Wartime Creed," which
inaugural address. He called for "a
of a farmer-merchant. Ambitious
was printed in several farm publica-
bold new program for making the
and independent, he was deter-
tions, calling for farmers to produce
benefits of our scientific advances
mined to go to college. And when
enough for their own families and
and industrial progress available for
his father suffered a severe financial
animals and for the armed forces
the improvement and growth of
setback - the family's country
and war industry workers. "Save
underdeveloped areas."
store was robbed and burned one
everything and waste nothing" was
When called back to Washing-
night - he took his $50 savings
the watchword in this call for effi-
ton, Holmes had been working for a
and headed for Knoxville. He re-
cient farming.
year as deputy director and chief
calls paying $13.44 for a train ticket
In 1943 Holmes left Tennessee
agricultural officer of the Point Four
from Grand Junction to Knoxville,
to become a farm management
Program in India. Prior to joining
where he enrolled at UT in Sep-
specialist at North Carolina State
8
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
University. Throughout 1945 he
Horace's work was in a rich
Nationalist government, when I
was regional chief of farm manage-
farming region upriver from Shang-
found the two drums of oil were
ment for the U.S. Agriculture
hai. For almost two years he tried to
gone. Mr. Chen, our office man-
Department's Farm Security Ad-
restore stability to an agricultural
ager, had sold them!"
ministration in Raleigh, making
economy plagued by graft and cor-
Horace and Eveline made their
loans to low-income farmers.
ruption and beset by a civil war.
way by train to Shanghai, where
The Holmes horizon broadened
"It was almost impossible to get
they picked up Eveline's small son
dramatically in 1946, the year he
anything done," he recalls. For ex-
Barry at the American School.
first ventured abroad. He would not
ample, a man in Indiana planned to
"We had passage on a freighter
return to the United States to settle
send some purebred jersey heifers
and had gotten Barry settled on the
down for any length of time until
to upgrade their animals. I tried to
ship," Horace said. "We went back
he retired 20 years later.
find a place for them; but instead of
to the hotel for a farewell party
"Thomas Costain got us off to
going to the people they were going
prior to boarding at 11 p.m."
China," Holmes recalls, referring to
to the politicians. Chiang Kai-shek
On the way to the ship they were
Costain's popular novel, The Black
was to get two or three hundred of
attacked by three thugs demanding
Rose, and its graphic scenes of 13th
them for his wife's orphanage. We
money.
century China. The
"They knocked my
book had made a deep
hat off, grabbed my
impression on Eveline.
watch - and I grabbed
When approached in
Eveline and ran. We
1946 about a job with
passed some policemen,
the United Nations' re-
but they didn't raise a
habilitation program in
hand. We managed to
war-torn China, Holmes
get on board safely.
was reluctant to leave
"It's an awful thing to
his homeland.
see a country fall apart.
"We had gone back
We were saddened to
to West Tennessee,
leave loyal servants and
hopefully to buy a farm
Chinese friends, who
there," he explains.
were helpless and for
"Then came the chance
whom we could do no
to go to China. I said I
more."
didn't want to go, but
His experience in
Eveline did. I think
China showed Holmes
Tommy Costain's ghost
an inherent weakness in
was working with her!"
any agency's efforts to
Holmes went to Wash-
help other countries.
ington, where he was
"They can put people
named agricultural offi-
in a country to help," he
cer for the UN program
said, "but until the coun-
in Kiangau Province.
try's government is will-
Eveline was disap-
ing to meet the needs of
pointed to learn that she might not
Eveline and Horace Holmes' Florida
its people - or can be made to see
be allowed to join Horace in that
home abounds with souvenirs of
the needs - no amount of help, no
volatile environment.
their years abroad.
number of specialists, no amount of
"China was rough," he said.
money will do it. It's a waste and an
"Living conditions were terrible. I
had trouble finding the orphanage.
exercise in futility."
knew I couldn't bring Eveline there,
My assistant finally found the place.
After leaving China in Decem-
so I cabled her not to come. She ig-
Only there were no orphans."
ber 1947, Holmes soon found his
nored the cable and came anyway.
As the communist army gained
services in demand in another
I'm glad she did."
ground, the situation at the UN
country. Two months later he was
Determined to see the country
project headquarters grew more
on a team of specialists hired by the
Thomas Costain had described so
tense.
government in India. That country
vividly, Eveline found a job of her
"We knew we would have to get
had gained a measure of indepen-
own in China. While her husband
out," Holmes said, "but we didn't
dence from Great Britain in August
worked to ease the plight of rural
know when. We had a thirty-foot
that year, and Indian administra-
families, she managed the UN hos-
fishing boat, and I had two barrels
tors, mostly British trained, saw a
tel at Chinkiang, where they were
of diesel fuel saved, in case they
need to help people improve their
stationed. Later she was placed on
blew up the railroad and we had to
living standard.
the UN staff, and her outstanding
go downriver.
Holmes, the only agricultural
service was recognized by a special
"We were closing up the office,
adviser on the team, saw in India
citation.
giving things to hospitals and the
some of the problems that had
SUMMER 1989
9
plagued China and turned it toward
didn't shovel much dirt, but at least
After two years with the Indian
communism. In retrospect, he says,
we got him to show that it wasn't
government, Holmes joined the
"I am pretty well convinced that if
degrading to get your hands into
Point Four Program staff in that
we hadn't gotten something going
the soil."
country. He spent three years there
in India when we did, the country
With regard to the Etawah proj-
with the American technical assis-
would have gone communist."
ect, Holmes said, "We brought in a
tance program before moving to a
However, the British had laid a
minimum of machinery and equip-
private assistance agency. The Ford
foundation in India that China
ment because they couldn't afford it
Foundation was one of several non-
lacked. "They had a good system of
and really didn't need it. It wasn't a
governmental agencies then con-
courts, and they had a banking sys-
question of labor, which was plenti-
tributing to the development of
tem and transportation system that
ful, but a question of utilizing their
Third World countries. From late
worked. And they had some respon-
other resources."
1953 until the summer of 1956,
sible and dedicated leaders."
A farm implement that did prove
Holmes worked with rural develop-
His efforts as agronomist and
useful was the moldboard turning
ment projects in several Asian
extension adviser to the Etawah
plow. "The advantage of the mold-
countries, including India, Indone-
rural development project quickly
board plow is that you can turn
sia, Burma, and Pakistan.
set the standard for agricultural
under organic material," he said.
During this period Holmes
developers in India. Besides earning
"The Indians' little plow couldn't
bought a home in Connecticut,
the praise of American leaders,
get organic matter into the soil."
where Eveline remained while their
Holmes was lauded by Prime Min-
Holmes praised American land-
sons were in school. Horace re-
ister Nehru for reorienting Indian
grant universities' efforts to develop
signed in August 1956, determined
farmers.
sound agricultural programs in Indi-
to settle down in his own country
Helping India's rural families to
an colleges during the post-war era.
and start his own business.
help themselves was not always
UT was one of six major land-grant
"I had worked myself out of a
easy. Tact and ingenuity were
job," he reflected. "I had joined the
needed to overcome some farmers'
Holmes still
Ford Foundation as a troubleshoot-
deep-grained resistance. "In intro-
er, and I had been going back and
ducing soil-enriching legumes, for
believes there are
forth to these various countries.
instance, we had to find a variety
When the need for the work I was
the sacred cattle didn't like,"
too many "Ugly
doing in the field diminished, I was
Holmes said. "No Hindu farmer
will stop these COWS from eating his
Americans" trying to
left with no specific assignment,
and I was unhappy with it."
crops."
help underdeveloped
By late 1956 their four sons had
Other obstacles had to be over-
countries.
finished school, and Horace and
come, such as the chasm that lay
Eveline looked southward for a per-
between government agricultural
manent home.
scientists and the Indian farmer.
universities to join the Point Four
"Our place in Connecticut was
"There were many good Indian
effort in India's behalf. The Indian
too large for two people, and there
scientists, but most had no practical
contract was signed in March 1956,
was no point in me taking trips
experience," he said. "As they be-
and for the next 16 years UT sent
abroad and leaving Eveline to rattle
longed to the upper class, they
agricultural and home economics
around in that house," he said. "We
wouldn't be caught dead with a
faculty and staff members to In-
decided to come to Florida."
hoe in their hands! They had spe-
dia to help increase crop yields,
There, at Lake Florinda - their
cialists in centers where they could
strengthen extension programs, and
"Shangri-La" - they began the
be available to the villagers, but
improve teaching in the agricultur-
orange grove that has occupied
the villagers couldn't digest their
al schools. A major objective of the
much of their attention ever since.
instructions - dozens of scien-
UT-India project was attained in
"We got this grove going, but I
tists trying to tell this fellow who
1964 with the establishment of a
would take on assignments when I
couldn't even read or write what to
new University of Agricultural
could," Holmes said.
do! It was confusing and useless.
Sciences at Bangalore.
In fact, he worked as a global
"We tried to develop communi-
"The land-grant colleges did more
troubleshooter for another dozen
cation from the government to the
than simply strengthen the univer-
years. He finally retired in 1968 at
villagers in ways they could under-
sities," Holmes said. "They also
age 60.
stand and respond to."
selected qualified Indian students
One troubleshooting venture
Holmes set an example for both
to study at their campuses in the
took him to Egypt in 1960. This
the scientists and villagers with his
United States. They chose students
contract was with the Egyptian-
"shirt-sleeves" approach to farming.
who could return to India and help
American Rural Improvement
Eventually some of the local agri-
solve rather than compound their
Project, a land reclamation under-
cultural leaders saw the effective-
problems."
taking that had been interrupted by
ness of his methods.
During the 16-year UT-India
the 1956 Suez Crisis.
"We even got Nehru out with a
contract, 130 Indian students en-
"A California engineer was sup-
shovel," he said. "Of course he
rolled at the University.
posed to but he couldn't - so
10
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
they asked me to see what could be
recruited from his orange grove to
surrounded by memories of all the
done until he could go, which
untangle a problem in the project.
strange places they have lived.
would be at least six months,"
"They had a man they thought
Their rambling Shangri-La, with
Holmes said. "I had met some of
was too chummy with the Rus-
orange and lemon trees growing at
the Egyptian agricultural leaders at
sians," Holmes said. "He consid-
the doorstep, is crammed with me-
a conference in India, so I had that
ered himself a peacemaker, and he
mentoes from dozens of Asian and
advantage."
wanted to buy equipment from the
African and Latin American lands.
The Suez fighting had left the
Russians. That didn't suit the Ford
Horace's second son, David, an
country in turmoil. Egypt's extensive
Foundation or the SRI. So they
Ocala high school teacher, and his
reclamation program was paralyzed,
fired him, and I was sent to untan-
family have a house on the 70-acre
and the Russians were seeking a foot-
gle the mess."
orange plantation. Together they
hold in the country, mainly through
In Pakistan he encountered gov-
tend the 4,000 orange trees, set out
construction of the Aswan High
ernmental roadblocks to progress
after a deep freeze killed most of the
Dam.
found in several other countries.
grove two years ago.
"The place was full of Russians,"
"For example, the officials con-
Surrounding the 80-year-old UT
Holmes recalled, "but anti-Russian
trolled the import of materials.
alumnus also are hundreds of pa-
sentiment was strong among many
Money was shaky, and if a business-
pers: his dozens of publications;
Egyptians. We made friends with
man needed something from out-
copies of magazines and newspapers
the Egyptians, and in time we got
side the country - and most of
that have printed news of his work;
the project revived."
them did - they were thwarted. In
letters from the heads of govern-
The project with which Holmes
the first place, they couldn't get the
ments; copies of speeches, he and
was most closely concerned was in
import permit unless they paid for
others have delivered. Enough ma-
the Fayyum Depression, an ancient
it - and mostly this was under-the-
terial for a book or two.
lake that had dried up, leaving a
table payment. The problem was
And Horace Holmes has thought
salty basin. When the reclamation
not so much one of educating the
seriously about a book based on his
work finally was completed, settlers
people but one of untangling the
experiences - but mainly on the
were moved in to populate the new
unholy mess of officials keeping
"shirt-sleeves" approach to helping
villages and farms.
people from doing things unless
Third World countries tohelp them-
"We moved these people in what
they were paid off."
selves defeat the age-old enemies:
some said was the greatest movement
While untangling matters, Hor-
poverty, disease, despair.
since the children of Israel came
ace and Eveline occupied a house
He has uttered and written hun-
out of Egypt!" Holmes said. "We
overlooking the Khyber Pass, gate-
dreds of thousands of words on that
had a special train to move them."
way between the frontier of West
subject, all of which may be summed
Organizing and carrying out such
Pakistan and Afghanistan and an
up in a speech he delivered in Nov-
a migration brought many prob-
important military site for hundreds
ember 1950 before the Iowa Farm
lems, some of a humorous nature.
of years. "We could sit on our roof
Bureau Convention:
"One man showed up with two
in the evening, a cool place to sit,
"Our first efforts were to find
wives and two families. He could
and see the caravans - people com-
people who wanted to do some-
take only one family, so he was
ing out of Iraq, Iran, Arabia. They
thing constructive - anything; win
forced to choose one. He did, and
didn't pay any attention to borders.
their friendship and their trust that
apparently it turned out satisfacto-
They just moved."
we sincerely wanted to help them
rily for all parties concerned."
Holmes still believes there are
do something that they wanted to
All manner of domesticated ani-
too many "Ugly Americans" trying
do. This little but important step is
mals joined the modern-day exodus.
to help underdeveloped countries.
most essential. There is a tremen-
"One old lady brought her goose.
"I think we too often send Amer-
dous difference in helping people
In the confusion at the train sta-
icans abroad who want only the sal-
do something they want to do and
tion, the goose got lost. They had a
ary and the romance," he said. "They
in trying to high pressure them to
public address system at the station,
don't want to be uncomfortable. As
do something someone else feels
and she came up and wanted to call
a result they live at a level that is
will be good for them."
her goose over the loudspeaker.
embarrassing to many of the local
To Horace Holmes, helping
They handed her the microphone,
people. They can't match this level
others help themselves is simply an
and she called the goose. It came.
of living, they can't compete, and
application of "Holmes Law"
That gave everyone a real lift!"
so they withdraw.
stop doing things that keep it from
Holmes was summoned again
"And we send more Americans,
happening.
from his Florida home, this time for
because we think more will be bet-
a two-year stint in Pakistan. Eveline
ter. It doesn't take many people if
Neal O'Steen (UTK '50) is former
joined him for this extended tour.
they are in the right place and are
editor of the Tennessee Alumnus. He
The Ford Foundation had given the
the right sort. I feel strongly about
traveled to "Shangri-La" to interview
Stanford Research Institute a grant
sending the right people and then
Horace Holmes for this article.
to establish an industrial service in
giving them the backing needed to
Pakistan, a program paralleling agri-
do the job."
cultural extension. Holmes was
Today Horace and Eveline live
SUMMER 1989
11
A VESTED INTEREST
IN DIVESTMENT
By CHUCK CANTRELL
Study shows getting out of South Africa pays dividends.
esearch by a UTC
other firms whose divestment
chair of the anti-apartheid activities.
R
professor and a recent
plans were announced in The Wall
"Students tend to only think about
alumna shows that
Street Journal. Less than one
things that are going on on campus.
companies benefit by
percent of each firm's total assets
They don't try to find out what is
divesting themselves
were South African.
going on in the city, much less
of their interests in
"We took a timely issue and
what's going on outside of the
South Africa.
used a current methodology to
United States."
The study, con-
study it," says Dr. Bertin. "Event
The apartheid government poli-
ducted by UTC's Maclellan Associ-
study methodology is becoming
cies of South Africa discriminate
ate Professor of Insurance Dr. Will
widely used in finance. You are
against the country's 21 million ma-
Bertin and Brock Scholar Lisa
tracking the results of an event on
jority black population, favoring in-
Vitatoe, found that stock prices for
the business environment- - in our
stead the five million white residents.
U.S. companies moved upward with-
case the announcement of the
"We talk about divestment in
in five days of the announcement of
companies' plans to divest from
terms of ethics and conscience, but
plans to pull out of South Africa.
South Africa."
it's also a result of public pressure, so
They examined large, industrial
The results of the study were
in some ways I guess you could say it
companies that announced their in-
released during a week of activities
is a public relations move," says Dr.
tent to divest during 1986 and 1987.
on the UTC campus to educate
Bertin.
Divestment is "pulling out" or dis-
students about apartheid in South
Many critics say divestment elim-
engagement of a firm's official pres-
inates jobs for black South African
ence in a country, and it means the
South Africa has
workers rather than placing pressure
companies sell off their assets.
on government officials, thus hurt-
"We were looking for a timely,
current issue. And South Africa has
become an issue of
ing those it's intended to benefit.
Dr. Bertin says this is possible in
become an issue of social con-
social conscience and
some cases, but critics who use this
science and business ethics," says
business ethics.
argument aren't considering the
Dr. Bertin. "We found the returns
total picture.
were positive following the an-
If U.S. companies want tosell their
nouncements. Our findings implied
assets in South Africa, "they have to
divestment was a good social
Africa. Maki Mandela, daughter of
be sold to someone," Dr. Bertin ex-
responsibility move on the part of
imprisoned South African activist
plains. So even if the companies' op-
the firms."
Nelson Mandela, was a guest
erations are no longer U.S. owned,
The study examined the stock
speaker on campus, and several
they probably are still in business.
price- movement five days prior
students took up residence in a
In some areas, public pressure to
and five days following divestment
shantytown outside the student
divest has been severe, and boycotts
announcements. Although the
center for the week to show UTC
have been called against 165 compa-
stock prices of some companies
students firsthand the living condi-
nies with licensing, franchising, or
decreased, an aggregate figure
tions of black South Africans.
distribution agreements in South
showed an upward direction.
"We organized this to give
Africa. In addition to consumer boy-
The sample of the companies
people an awareness of what
cotts, Dr. Bertin says companies that
studied included IBM, Kodak,
apartheid is and what's going on in
choose to continue operations in
Coca-Cola, Exxon, Xerox, and
South Africa," said Cherron Perry,
South Africa may find themselves
12
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
lacking in institu-
tional investment.
"Many founda-
tions and investment
agencies have as a
policy that they do
not invest in compa-
nies with operations
in South Africa,"
says Dr. Bertin. "In
essence, they have
said, 'If you maintain
operations in South
Africa, we will not
invest with your
company.' So when a company
nies expect it to be a positive
divests, it instantly becomes eligible
move," says Dr. Bertin. "But it is
for these investments again. And
not without risk - quite possibly
these institutions can greatly
loss of a profit-making operation in
influence finances."
South Africa. But it has become
The U.S. government has main-
that the real risk is in being over
tained a policy of "wait and see"
there. The instability of the govern-
with South Africa, but many U.S.
ment and the loss of institutional
firms have seen the benefits of
investments are two real risks."
divestment - not only for their
public images, but also for their
financial resources.
"When they divest, the compa-
SUMMER 1989
13
Learning to
EXCEL
By LAUREN MURPHY
Two UTK profs help promising minority youngsters
prepare for college.
Education: A debt due from
research project. "That's the most
Several reports have shown that
present to future generations.-
important thing about EXCEL,"
the number of black students apply-
George Peabody
Hodges said. "Our scholarship
ing to colleges and universities is
needs to be not only something
declining, said Hodges.
hrough Project EXCEL -
that's published, but something that
T
In 1981, one out of nine college
Encouraging EXcellence
can be immediately useful."
students in the United States was
in Children Extends
Through the program, Welch
either black or Hispanic, a 56 per-
Learning - Drs. Carolyn
and Hodges examine the effects of
cent increase since 1971.
Hodges and Olga Welch
early enrichment in reading, writ-
Five years later, U.S. Census Bu-
are making regular payments on
ing, foreign language, computer
reau figures showed that although
that debt.
skills, and career counseling.
black and Hispanic college enroll-
More than three years ago, the
The program also tries to help
ment had increased slightly, it had
two UT Knoxville faculty members
"demystify" the college experience.
not kept pace with higher high
began to look for a way to "give
"Often, students who haven't
school graduation rates.
something back."
In 1986, more than three-
They had come from fami-
fourths of blacks aged 18 to
lies that stressed the signifi-
24 had graduated from high
cance of education. As they
school, but only 29 percent
advanced through high school
of them went on to college.
and went on to college and
"Among the several rea-
graduate school, they en-
sons cited for this enrollment
countered many people who
decline are the lack of pre-
provided support, encourage-
college preparation during
ment, and, most importantly,
the high school years and
effective teaching. And,
the unfamiliarity of minority
throughout their education,
students with the college ex-
they were reminded that they
perience," Welch said.
had a responsibility to pass on
"More and more colleges
their knowledge to the next
and universities have
generation.
stepped up their minority re-
Hodges and Welch devised
cruitment efforts to try to
Project EXCEL not only to
stop the declining enroll-
give something back, but also
ment trend. But many of
to conduct research in an
Olga Welch
them have only tried to
increasingly important area - the
attract the most gifted students,
preparation and performance of
been directly exposed to college life
while ignoring the above-average
college-bound minority high school
or to people who have gone to col-
students with untapped potential."
students.
lege are intimidated by the notion
These above-average students,
Project EXCEL guides selected
of higher education," Welch said.
whom Welch describes as "dia-
above-average inner-city Knoxville
"We give EXCEL participants a
monds in the rough," can most
high school students from their
firsthand look at university life by
benefit from programs like EXCEL.
sophomore year through the sum-
providing simulated college lec-
"These students may not have
mer before they enter college.
tures, seminars, and assignments
well-developed academic identities,
EXCEL's directors stress that it
given by UTK faculty from several
and they require more training. So
began as, and continues to be, a
disciplines."
when they enter college, they are
14
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
less likely to complete the freshman
think about their own career
have much time for hands-on
year, or they remain but perform
paths."
instruction," Hodges said.
well below their capabilities."
In their junior year, EXCEL
During the three years of the
Project EXCEL gives these stu-
students learned methods to im-
EXCEL pilot, Hodges and Welch
dents a more concrete basic educa-
prove their college entrance exam
encouraged participants to sharpen
tion and also prepares them for
performance.
their library skills. The students
college and career.
Between their junior and senior
learned the correct use of the card
Hodges and Welch began EX-
year, EXCEL students began foreign
catalog, reference resources, and
CEL as a three-year pilot in the
language study. "There is a proven
computer search services commonly
summer of 1986 with 10 students
correlation between how students
available in university libraries.
at Knoxville's Austin-East High
perform in English and in a foreign
Extracurricular activities also
School, an inner-city school with a
language," Hodges said. "Studies
were built into the EXCEL pilot.
95 percent black enrollment. The
For instance, when the students
students, who were between their
studied West Side Story, Hodges and
freshman and sophomore year, were
Welch took the group to see the
selected by the school's principal,
UTK theatre production of the
guidance counselors, and English
play. After the play, they treated
teachers.
the students and their parents to a
For two months, the students
meal at the restaurant of their
worked with four teachers to
choice.
upgrade their reading and writing
"Some of the kids' only notions
skills.
of a restaurant were McDonald's
During their sophomore year,
and Shoney's," Welch said. "We
they received their first exposure to
wanted them to have a good
the college class experience.
experience at a real restaurant."
"Before regular classes began,
The parents of EXCEL partici-
four UT Knoxville professors went
pants were closely involved with
to Austin-East to conduct several
the program. Hodges and Welch
55-minute classes similar to those
met with parents at least once a
offered to lower division college
quarter and provided them with
students," Welch said. "They would
detailed progress reports.
then give the students a writing
The theme which underscored
assignment. After completing the
all the work done by Project
assignments, the students would
EXCEL participants was the devel-
receive feedback about the project
Carolyn Hodges
opment of what Hodges and Welch
from the professors."
call "scholar ethos."
At the same time, Welch and
show students who take a foreign
"Scholar ethos is more than
Hodges submitted the papers to
language score higher on exams.
being a good student," said Hodges.
independent raters to get two
And students who take a foreign
"It's a recognition of the beauty of
separate evaluations of the students'
language for a longer period of time
black heritage and the unique role
work.
get higher grades than those who
of the black scholar within it."
The next summer, another pro-
take it for a shorter period."
To this end, a Knoxville minor-
gram component was added.
Hodges, who teaches in UTK's
ity community organization, The
"The students put their skills to
Department of Germanic and Slav-
Links, sponsored a workshop for
work with the Knoxville Private
ic Languages, was especially excited
EXCEL students called "Images of
Industry Council," Welch said.
by the students' positive reaction to
the Black Scholar." Speakers dealt
"Paid a minimum wage, they helped
their foreign language work. "Usu-
with such basics as nutrition and
prepare materials on blacks in non-
ally, students shy away from the
study habits, but they also stressed
traditional career fields. These biog-
subject. As a matter of fact, when I
black history and the contributions
raphies of black contributors in the
first mentioned the possibility of
made by black scholars to that
Knoxville community were used in
offering German in addition to
history.
the PIC's adult GED preparation
French, none of the kids wanted to
When the first EXCEL class
program."
take it. But in the end, they really
began work in 1986, 11 sophomores
Welch said the Private Industry
loved it!"
participated. One dropped out and
Council work served two purposes.
Also in the final summer,
three more were added the next
"Not only did the students get to
EXCEL students began concen-
year. At the end of their junior
practice what they'd learned, but
trated work on computers. "Al-
year, Hodges and Welch advised
the nature of the material they
though most of the students have
another student to discontinue the
worked on helped them begin to
computers in school, they didn't
program. Three seniors failed to
SUMMER 1989
15
Often students who haven't been directly exposed to
college life or to people who have gone to college tend to be
intimidated by the notion of higher education.
complete the program, and seven
want the students to be proficient
mining the program's future finan-
went on to college. Of those seven,
in the use of computers and have a
cial development and expansion.
one didn't complete his freshman
working knowledge of a foreign
Welch sees UTK's major partici-
work, largely because he didn't take
language before they enter college.
pation in the program as being
the courses recommended by EX-
In the future, EXCEL will solicit
essentially research-oriented.
CEL's directors. Two of the other
more help from the Knoxville
"EXCEL is not a UTK community
students dropped out for financial
community to provide the basis of
service project, or a UTK recruit-
reasons and enlisted in the army
"scholar ethos." Since the project
ment effort. The program is about
largely to finance their college
with the Private Industry Council
what universities should be about-
education at a later date.
has been completed, Hodges and
establishing partnerships with
The remaining four EXCEL par-
Welch will work with area organiza-
schools to obtain relevant research.
ticipants are studying at UT Knox-
tions to provide role models for the
That research can then be funneled
ville, Memphis State, Austin Peay,
students.
back into the schools to improve
and Tennessee State universities.
Each student and his or her role
instruction and also into the uni-
According to Welch and Hodges,
model will work together on a com-
versities to impact what happens to
all are doing well.
munity project of their choice. The
students at risk."
How did the students feel about
EXCEL directors hope the commu-
UT Knoxville has pledged finan-
their EXCEL experience? "Some of
nity project will give the students a
cial support for the program for
the participants were frustrated
better sense of their city's needs,
three more years.
with the amount of work required
and will help develop a close and
Hodges and Welch share an
by the program, Hodges said. "But
lasting relationship with their role
ultimate goal for EXCEL's future.
they knew we were introducing
model.
"I'd like to see the public schools
them to the level of work required
Welch said she would like to see
play a larger role in the program,"
in college.
the Knoxville business community
Hodges said. "I'd also like to see it
"They also had a little trouble
get directly involved with EXCEL
spread to other Tennessee schools
dealing with how rigorously their
participants by offering them sum-
and become a model for other
papers were evaluated. They
mer jobs to complement and en-
states.
weren't used to the type of critical,
hance their studies.
"We hope participation in
yet constructive, comments offered
One significant difference in the
EXCEL helps students better un-
by the university professors."
new EXCEL class is the addition of
derstand and appreciate what's
Despite the hard work and long
white students. Welch and Hodges
involved in scholarly work, because
hours, the EXCEL participants
decided that the benefits of the
it's designed to furnish them not
found the experience valuable.
program should be extended to all
only with essential college level
EXCEL graduate Regina Jackson
above-average students who are at
reading and writing skills, but the
was especially impressed with the
risk because of the lack of adequate
self-confidence and positive image
concept of "scholar ethos."
preparation.
they'll need to succeed in life," said
"Historically, scholars give back
The new EXCEL class was se-
Hodges.
to their communities," she said.
lected by Welch, Hodges, and the
Near the beginning of the EX-
"This program motivated me to en-
EXCEL teachers with the assistance
CEL pilot, its participants and di-
ter college. Not to go would have
of a newly appointed advisory com-
rectors chose a logo for the project.
been a waste."
mittee that includes Knoxville busi-
It is a symbol from the African Ban-
Now that the EXCEL pilot has
ness and education leaders. The
tu dialect that means "intelligence."
been completed, Welch and Hodges
committee is chaired by UT Knox-
That quest for intelligence,
are using preliminary data to refine
ville Provost George Wheeler,
passed down through the genera-
the project.
whom Hodges and Welch credit
tions, is the driving force behind
In the next EXCEL class, which
with providing the program critical
the advisers, the directors, and most
will consist of 14 students from
support and encouragement since
importantly, the participants of
Knoxville's Austin-East and Rule
its inception.
Project EXCEL.
high schools, computer instruction
In addition to selection assis-
and foreign language will be offered
tance, the advisory board will work
all three years. Welch and Hodges
with Hodges and Welch in deter-
16
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
UTOPICS
Racing, Flying, Doing Good Deeds
PROFESSOR-PILOT
Dr. Rhelda
Barron is
UPIN THE AIR
flying high
after her
aviation
Dr. Rhelda Barron, UT
training
Martin accounting professor
through the
and grandmother of four, has a
UT Martin
hard time keeping her feet on
the ground since she earned
evening
her pilot's license.
school.
Dr. Barron took ground
school and flight classes
through the UTM evening
school aviation program and,
within a year, was the first
person in her class to receive
her pilot's license.
Dr. Barron's husband, Dr.
Ottis Barron, a UTM engi-
neering professor, has had his
SPECIAL DELIVERY
weighed one pound and six
to South Florida.
ounces.
Kimberly's three now, and
pilot's license for 20 years. The
Joyce remembers being told
her pediatrician continues to
couple has four grandchildren
there was only a five percent
be amazed by her intelligence
in Knoxville, Memphis, and
In April 1986, Joyce and
chance Kimberly would sur-
and normal growth. She loves
Vicksburg, Mississippi, and
Ray Barbarino came from
vive and that, if she did, she
books and can name the items
having two pilots in the fam-
Plantation, Florida, to open
was likely to have serious med-
on grocery store shelves. And
ily will make flights to visit
their summer home in Gat-
ical problems. Even though the
to anyone who asks, she
them safer.
linburg as they had done for
odds were against their tiny
proudly responds, "My name
"If something were to go
the past three years. Joyce,
daughter, Joyce and Ray felt
is Kimberly!"
wrong, I wanted to know how
then 41, was 23 weeks into a
certain the medical staff would
to get us down," Dr. Barron
normal pregnancy.
fight hard for her life.
WE'VE WAITED
said.
The Barbarinos planned to
When she was two days old
"I probably would have
spend the summer in Tennes-
and weighed one pound, three
LONG ENOUGH
taken a few courses, but I
see and then return to Florida
ounces, Kimberly underwent
wouldn't have pursued a pi-
where the baby would be born.
surgery and remained on a
lot's license like I did if the
The weather was still cool in
ventilator for several weeks.
There's been a lot of talk
school had not offered the
Tennessee, so they decided to
This was a difficult time for
about education reform but not
course." The camaraderie of
stay just a week and return
Joyce and Ray, because they
much action, says President
the class motivated her to
later. The day after they ar-
were drawn to their daughter
Alexander, himself a rigorous
continue her flying lessons.
rived, though, their plans
but reluctant to become too
advocate of reform. A national
"Flying is one of those
changed when Joyce went into
close because they were afraid
goal that would get us all
things you decide to do no
labor.
she would die. Joyce says they
moving in the same direction
matter what the cost," Dr.
Since this was her first
drew strength from the "cau-
could generate some serious
Barron said.
pregnancy, she was unsure
tious optimism" of the staff.
progress.
She says she enjoys the
what was happening and fi-
At last Kimberly's condi-
"The President should set
quiet and solitude of flying, as
nally assumed she was having
tion stabilized, and the Bar-
a national goal for all students
well as the freedom of being
a miscarriage.
barinos had the option of
and all working adults to know
away from the world below
She and Ray went to the
transferring her to Miami,
eighth grade skills by the end
and being able to see that world
local medical facility, which
where they would be closer to
of the 1990s and accomplish
from a different perspective.
transferred Joyce to the High
home. They chose to keep her
this community-by-commu-
"I also hope to enjoy going
Risk Perinatal Center at UT
in Knoxville, though, and
nity, business-by-business,"
to Knoxville and Vicksburg in
Medical Center in Knoxville.
there she remained until her
President Alexander said. The
three hours instead of seven,"
There, on April 3, Kimberly
16-week birthday when the
recommendation was one of
Dr. Barron said.
Susan Barbarino was born. She
Barbarino family went home
several he advanced as part of
SUMMER 1989
17
UTOPICS
the American Agenda, a bipar-
and a choice of geometry, trigo-
month on education concerns.
schools mean better jobs, he
tisan report he and other na-
nometry, calculus, or advanced
He also proposed opening
said, and education is the way
tional leaders prepared for the
math. Enrollment in these
schools year-round, offering
to "get from the back to the
41st president of the United
courses has increased consid-
parents a choice of public
front of the line in America."
States. Former presidents Jim-
erably as a result.
schools for their children, and
"It is the way you train
my Carter and Gerald Ford
The need for education
measuring results instead of
minds to grow the economy
were among the other partici-
reform is serious enough to
spending. He recommended
to balance the budget. It is the
pants in the American Agenda
require a crusade, President
setting another goal that the
way we will compete in the
group.
Alexander said. And he rec-
U.S. should, by the end of the
big league world marketplace.
About one-fourth of eighth
ommended in the American
1990s, be the world leader in
Education helps us learn how
graders don't know eighth
Agenda report that the U.S.
research and development.
to accept on our own terms
grade skills, the UT president
president be "a movement
President Alexander said
the tremendous changes com-
said. "Perhaps a higher per-
leader, not a federal program
education reform is necessary
ing down upon every one of
centage of adults don't.
proposer" and spend one day a
for several reasons. Better
us."
"Businesses should make
sure their employees every five
MEARS MOVES
Ray Mears,
years earn a job certificate
UT Martin
bringing them up to date in
INTO RETIREMENT
athletics
basic skills, computer skills,
director
and job skills.
and former
"Ithink business anduniver-
The man who christened
Volunteer
sity leaders are feeling a little
Tennesseeas Big Orange Coun-
basketball
frustration," President Alex-
try has retired at UT Martin.
ander said. "The movement
ER
coach,
Ray Mears, Vol basketball
has retired
for education reform has been
coach from 1963 to 1977 and
after more
up and running strong for a
UTM men's athletics director
than a
full six years, but there's been
from 1980 until this year, isn't
a lot more talk than action.
quite ready to retire complete-
quarter-
"We tend to think of edu-
ly, though. He is retaining the
century
cation as a problem we ought
title of athletics director
with the
to have a national meeting
emeritus.
University.
about." Instead, we need to
Mears is known as a moti-
"take all the talk about im-
vator and an entrepreneur, as
proving education and put it
well as an excellent basketball
into action."
coach. He built the UT Knox-
He recalled the goal set by
ville Vols into a major college
President John Kennedy to put
basketball power. And, after
a man on the moon. "I think
he moved to Martin, the teams
we need a national goal for
there became NCAA Division
education that's just as bold as
II title contenders.
that."
During the 15 years he
basketball radio network for
phasis on defense. Although
Communities need to set
coached the Vols, Mears ap-
UTM and obtained private
fans sometimes grew impa-
goals, too, he said, adding that
plied his motivational skills
contributions that paid for a
tient with the technique, they
reform must come primarily
to inspire his players and
modern football pressbox and
couldn't quarrel with the
from the community level.
arouse fan support for his
a stadium expansion. Under
results.
"We need 100,000 commu-
team. He used those skills with
Mears, UTM teams won 11
His UTK teams compiled a
nities setting their own goals
equal effect as UTM athletics
conference championships - -
won-lost record of 278-112 and
and making their own report
director.
two in basketball, one in foot-
won or shared three South-
cards," he said.
In his first year at UTM,
ball, and four each in tennis
eastern Conference champi-
The UT Board of Trustees'
football season ticket sales in-
and rifle. He coined "Pacer
onships (1967, 1972, 1977).
decision in 1985 to require
creased 200 percent over the
Power" as a motto for the UTM
Together with his Witten-
certain prerequisites for en-
previous year and jumped
teams.
berg years, Mears' career
tering students is a good ex-
another 10 percent the follow-
Mears coached Wittenberg
record was 399-135. Even
ample of local goal setting,
ing season. UTM basketball
(Ohio) University to the
though he hasn't coached
President Alexander said.
revenues the year before
NCAA college division na-
since 1977, his 74.7 won-lost
The requirements, which
Mears' arrival totaled slightly
tional championship in 1962
percentage is still the 13th best
go into effect this fall on UT
more than $5,000. By 1983,
and became the Vols' head
in the history of major college
campuses, emphasize the
basketball revenue was up to
coach the next year.
basketball.
natural sciences, foreign lan-
$73,650 annually.
He advocated a slow-down
His last three UTK teams
guage, social studies, algebra,
He established a football-
style of basketball with an em-
featured the Ernie Grunfeld-
18
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
Bernard King duo, two offen-
meetings, giving the graduates
first year in college, Carla
sively-oriented New York
and friends a sample of the
began her first internship the
AGAINST ALL ODDS
superstars who caused the
motivational style he used to
summer immediately fol-
Mears style of basketball to
coach his basketball teams.
lowing her graduation from
speed up somewhat.
Recurring bouts of depres-
Hamilton High School in
Dr. Clark Smeltzer has
Mears' teams were the first
sion forced him to resign as
Memphis. MESP officials had
overcome overwhelming odds
to represent UTK in the
coach of the basketball Vols,
visited her high school to de-
to remain in his medical prac-
NCAA playoffs. Until he came
and he took a job as promo-
scribe the program to inter-
tice and serve his community.
along, Tennessee had been to
tions director for the letics
ested students, and she was
Despite a diagnosis of mul-
only one national tourna-
department. Then came the
accepted.
tiple sclerosis in 1975, Dr.
ment - the NIT in 1945. He
opportunity at UT Martin.
She interned with Procter
Smeltzer (UT Memphis '71)
took the Vols to three NCAAs
Mears approached it with rel-
and Gamble in Jackson, Tennes-
has managed to keep his gen-
and two more NITs.
ish, competitiveness, and loy-
see, and later with the Alumi-
eral practice and serve on the
He is a member of the ath-
alty to the University.
num Company of America.
EDC-Mental Health Board
letic halls of fame of Tennes-
"I couldn't have left if the
The Harpers were married
representing Cherokee
see, Knoxville, and Miami
new job had not been part of
in March 1987, before Carla
County, Alabama. And be-
University (his alma mater in
UT. I had 18 years with UT,
graduated, and she, too, went
cause of his unrelenting ef-
Ohio). A street in Knoxville
and I wanted to continue to be
to work for General Electric.
forts in behalf of the retarded,
bears his name - Ray Mears
a part of it," he told a reporter
She's now in the final year of a
a new training center for the
Boulevard.
at the time.
two-year training program
mentally handicapped was
During his years as coach of
Succeeding Mears as ath-
that has included assignments
named in his honor.
the Vols, Mears developed a
letics director at UTM is Don
in several areas. While she fin-
Dr. Smeltzer is modest
wide range of promotional
McLeary, formerly head foot-
ishes her training, Walter is
about his accomplishments
ideas such as elaborately staged
ball coach.
finishing his master's degree
and says he didn't feel the
pregame warmups including a
"It will be a challenge to
in electrical engineering at the
center should have been
player who rode a unicycle and
maintain the program that
University of Cincinnati.
named for him.
halftime shows featuring bear-
Coach Mears built," the new
James Pippin, directorof the
However, Margaret Guss,
wrestling, dancers, and march-
AD said. "I look forward to
UTK minority engineering
vice president of the board for
ing bands. He was a frequent
maintaining the commitment
program, remembers Walter
the Association of Retarded
speaker at UT alumni chapter
he started."
and Carla as high achievers
Citizens and president of the
and excellent students.
Clark Smeltzer Training
Two HARPERS
1973 to increase black enroll-
"In addition to their aca-
Center board, feels differently.
ment in UTK's College of En-
demic work, involvement in
"It's remarkable that he is
OF ONE MIND
gineering. Students must have
the Society of Black Engi-
in practice and even more
outstanding high school grades
neers, and MESP participa-
remarkable that he has time
and ACT scores to be ac-
tion, they were involved in
and energy to devote himself
What do Walter and Carla
cepted. They "co-op" alternate
other engineering programs
to anything beyond that," Guss
Harper have in common Well,
semesters at UTK and with
and community outreach pro-
said of Dr. Smeltzer.
for starters, they went to the
co-op employers.
grams," Pippin said.
"He spoke on behalf of re-
same college, were enrolled in
Walter interned with the
The Harpers returned to
tarded citizens in many meet-
the same engineering program,
Aluminum Company of
UTK last fall to speak to stu-
ings. Without his enthusiasm,
participated in many of the
America. When he graduated
dents in the College of Engi-
I don't think we would have
same organizations, got mar-
in 1986, he joined General
neering.
had the support we needed for
ried, and now they work for
Electric in Cincinnati in an
"They're part of an effort
the center."
the same company.
engineering development
between UTK and General
Dr. Smeltzer was instru-
Walter and Carla both re-
program. After a training
Electric to recruit more engi-
mental in securing the con-
ceived electrical engineering
period of two years, he began
neers," Pippin said. "They'll
tract between the Alabama
degrees from UT Knoxville,
his position as a process con-
probably speak on behalf of
Department of Mental Health/
and both were enrolled in the
trol engineer on a fighter jet
General Electric on a regular
Mental Retardation Board and
Minority Engineering Schol-
project.
basis. They'l also be speaking
the Etowah County Associa-
arship Program (MESP). But,
"The main purpose (of the
to the Society of Black Engi-
tion for Retarded Citizens that
they didn't actually meet until
position) is to control the fuel
neers on an annual basis."
made the center possible.
a mutual friend introduced
flow to the engine under all
Apparently the Harpers'
The center trains mentally
them one Easter.
known flight conditions," he
togetherness goes only so far.
retarded adults to socialize,
Walter, who is a Cincin-
explained.
Although they work in the
perform certain jobs, and func-
nati native, applied and was
With a two-year difference
same plant, they say they rare-
tion in day-to-day activities,
accepted into the MESP at
in their ages, Carla graduated
ly see each other on the job.
Dr. Smeltzer's wife, Beth,
the end of his freshman year
from UTK in June 1988.
"It's a good five-minute
explained.
at UTK.
Whereas Walter didn't en-
walk to his department," Carla
"This training center makes
The program was begun in
ter the MESP until after his
says.
these people feel needed and
SUMMER 1989
19
UTOPICS
U.S. facility.
As an exchange student,
RECIPE FOR SUCCESS
you can spend several weeks
rotating through your choice
of departments. You work with
The stork practically deliv-
Israeli medical students and
ered Evelyn Eidson Seagle
other exchange students from
(UTC '66) to a restaurant.
all over the world.
Ever since she was born,
The staff is made up of some
her parents have worked in
of Israel's best physicians,
the restaurant industry (ex-
including previous chairmen
cept for her father's short stint
from prestigious universities
as an Army cook). As a young-
outside Israel whose strong
ster, Seagle helped her mother
sense of nationalism has
and grandmother test recipes
brought them to Hadassah to
in their home to be considered
practice. Language is not a
as menu items in the family
problem. Hebrew, English, and
restaurant. At 14, she actually
Arabic are spoken freely.
began working in the restau-
Dr. Clark Smeltzer
Any differences in medical
rant, and she continued on
practices in Israel appear to be
through college.
useful," she said.
He practiced medicine in
primarily due to lack of funds.
"The restaurant business is
Dr. Smeltzer was notified
Evergreen, Alabama, until
Since 60 percent of the na-
just like anything else. The
in mid-September 1988 that
1977, when he and his wife
tional budget is allocated for
more you do, the more you
the center was being named in
moved to Centre, Alabama,
defense, this leaves a smaller
learn," says Seagle, the first fe-
his honor.
to take over the practice he
portion for health care needs.
male president of the Tennes-
"I was very surprised and
still maintains. His method
Thirty percent of the entire
see Restaurateurs Association.
flattered," he said.
of operation involves staying
operating budget of the hospi-
"And I sometimes believe that
Dr. Smeltzer had completed
busy and keeping a positive
tal is funded by money raised
my sociology degree has been
two years in a surgery residency
attitude.
by an organization of Jewish
more helpful to me than a
and had a promising future
"I've never seen Dr.
women in the United States.
restaurant management de-
until the multiple sclerosis
Smeltzer other than with a
But patient care costs are still
gree would be. It's definitely a
diagnosis.
smile on his face," Guss said.
high.
people business, so it's good
"At first he denied it, but
Mrs. Smeltzer echoes Guss's
This relative lack of money
that I know about people."
after he accepted the handi-
sentiments. The couple keeps
may limit the use of expen-
She was a school social
cap, he decided to do all that
a positive outlook, she says,
sive, prepackaged disposables
worker for a while after gradu-
he was able to do," Mrs.
"by concentrating on the good
that we've become used to in
ating from UTC. Then in
Smeltzer said.
and not the bad."
the United States, but does
1972, she moved to San Fran-
not limit the quality of care
cisco where she held several
EXCHANGE FRUITFUL
perience for the UT Memphis
that any patient receives.
secretarial positions, includ-
FOR MEDICAL
Record.
And while you may see
ing one for the accounting
STUDENT
physicians "on strike" for bet-
firm of Price Waterhouse, the
What an exciting time to
ter salaries, you will not see
agency that counts the votes
be in Israel - I came away with
patients turned away for any
for the Academy Awards.
a depth of understanding of
reason.
"Maybe they just never
UT Memphis has five formal
the people, the cultures, and
I spent four weeks in the
toldme," says Seagle, "but they
international exchange student
the conflict that simply can-
cardiology intensive care unit,
really did keep the results a
programs to provide academic
not be comprehended from
and two weeks in the derma-
secret. We didn't know what
experience and promote interna-
reading the newspapers or by
tology clinic. I saw patients
movies were going to win."
tional cooperation in medical
listening to commentaries on
from all over the Middle East
When she returned to
education. Agreements include
the late night news.
receive equal and up-to-date
Chattanooga, she tried an-
programs in Japan, India,
Israel is meant to be expe-
care.
other serving of the restaurant
France, Israel, and two in Egypt.
rienced.
Hadassah Hospital is a
business and this time found
Carol Smith (UT Memphis
Although Israel is in a third
wonderful experience for a
just the right recipe. Since
'88) was the second student to
world setting, it is far from
foreign exchange student. I
1973, she has served as man-
represent UT Memphis at He-
being nonprogressive. Hadas-
learned more than just medi-
ager of the Eidson Restaurant
brew University's Hadassah
sah Hospital, one of the larg-
cine - I learned the culture
in Chattanooga.
Medical School in Jerusalem.
est in the Middle East, offers
of a people and I came away
"No matter what I did, it
She returned last summer to be-
everything from primary care
with an appreciation of the
seemed I was always working
gin her residency in pediatrics
to sophisticated medical pro-
conflict and joy of the Israeli
here," says Seagle. "When I
and wrote this account of her ex-
cedures on par with any large
experience.
was in school I worked here.
20
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
And then when I got out of
that means the manager buses
less calories. They should use
DOCTOR ENJOYS
school and got a job with the
tables or grabs a spatula in the
vegetable oil for cooking," says
school system, I still helped
kitchen, then that's what you
Seagle. "And cleanliness is
RACY HOBBY
out here. So coming to work
do. We have a lot of competi-
more important."
here full time just seemed
tion today, so you have to work
Quality food is the main-
inevitable."
hard to be the best.
stay of any restaurant, but Sea-
To Ken Knott, "life in the
In 1976, more than 20 years
"We carry such a wide vari-
gle says in blue plate restaurants
fast lane" is more than just a
after the restaurant first
ety of foods that it's difficult,
such as her family's service is
description of his hectic life-
opened, Seagle made a few
but we work very hard to
justas important an ingredient.
style.
changes to the mom 'n' pop
maintain freshness in our in-
"There are so many fast-
The 1976 graduate of UT
diner. A new kitchen and
gredients. We use only fresh
food restaurants today that
Memphis not only maintains
expanded dining area were
vegetables. We do our own
when people take the time
two medical practices, but he's
added. The menu was updated
butchering. We cut our own
to go to a full-service restau-
a race car driver, too. Shut-
to include more sophisticated
steaks. We even grind our own
rant, their expectations are a
tling back and forth between
offerings along with some tra-
hamburger meat."
little higher. Ours being a
doctoring duties in Marietta,
ditional favorites.
Tastes have changed over
family restaurant, I guess we
Georgia, and Columbus, Ohio,
Thechanges paid off. A two-
the years, and Seagle says to-
take it a little more person-
would be enough to keep most
time winner of the Chatta-
day's restaurant customers
ally because it's your name
mortals occupied. But Dr.
nooga Restaurateur of the Year,
have become more health
out there on the sign. It's like
Knott also pencilled in 12 races
Seagle was named 1984 Ten-
conscious.
they are coming into your
on his 1989 calendar.
nessee Restaurateur of the Year.
"Restaurants have to offer
home, and if they have a bad
"Eighty percent of my time
"You have to give the best
healthy menu items — less fat,
experience, then it's bad for
is devoted to my medical prac-
service possible," she says. "If
less cholesterol, less sodium,
you as well."
tices," he said. He estimated
racing this year would occupy
Good taste
about 60 days.
keeps Evelyn
He said some people don't
Eidson
take him seriously as a race car
Seagle's
driver, but he's interested
customers
enough in it that he might
coming back
consider taking a leave of
to Eidson's
absence and racing full time.
Restaurant in
He got into racing by moon-
lighting as a racetrack doctor:
Chattanooga.
when cars are tested before
The UTC
races, a doctor has to be pres-
Eulson
alumna says
ent for safety reasons. As a
her sociology
young surgical intern in Phoe-
degree has
nix, he took the job to make
helped her in
extra money.
her people-
By 1979, when he was doing
oriented
his residency in Columbus, he
business.
was hooked. Despite his de-
manding work, he attended
the Skip Barber Racing School
at Morosco Raceway in West
Palm Beach, Florida, and en-
FSH
tered several amateur races.
Completing the residency
VEG
TABLES
program and beginning his
FOOD
career took more and more of
his time, though, and he had
to put racing on the back
burner. He decided to set up
practice in Columbus and
concentrate on physical medi-
cine and the rehabilitation of
soft tissue injuries.
CINDY TATE
"Over 80 percent of inju-
ries are to soft tissues of the
neck, back, arms, and legs, such
21
SUMMER 1989
UTOPICS
Dr. Ken Knott
He competed in 1986 and
He said naval personnel
"moonlights"
'87, but the inadequate finan-
didn't pay much attention to
as a race car
cial backing made proper car
him or the youngsters at first.
driver while
maintenance impossible and
"Aftera while, though, they
maintaining
cost him some prominent
began to see us as real people.
two medical
placements. In, 1988, he
The Navy doctors began giv-
practices.
competed in the Barber-Saab
ing the youths medical and
pro series at various tracks
dental check-ups."
throughout the United States,
Encouraged by the atten-
and now he's discussing a spon-
tion, Mowery asked for more
sorship arrangement with a
cooperation from the Navy.
former National Football
He knew that more than 300
League star.
different jobs were taught to
"Most physicians spend
incoming military personnel
most of their time in medicine
at the Memphis Naval Air
and turn to golf for relaxa-
Station. Why not allow his
tion," Dr. Knott said. "I found
youth groups to learn, too?
golf boring."
'Ifelt the youths could learn
And those little carts are so
motivation and how to set
slow.
goals and form role models
from exposure to these
BIG HEART MAKES
people," Mowery said. He
BIG DIFFERENCE
developed a vocational pro-
gram for the high school stu-
dents that was so successful he
later was invited to an Arkan-
as ligaments and tendons," he
sional races in 1985 and placed
Father Donald E. Mowery
sas air base to oversee the same
said. "Physical medicine treats
ninth in his first pro race, the
has devoted his life to the ser-
type program there. In 1970,
injuries by using injections and
Columbus 500. He has his own
vice of God and to helping
the military partnership of
physical and occupational
car, a GTP-light, which has
others.
Youth Service USA was
therapy."
an enclosed cockpit and
Mowery, who graduated
founded.
He tired of Ohio's cold
reaches speeds of up to 180
from UT Chattanooga in
Mowery didn't stop there.
weather and subsequently set
miles an hour.
1953, is the founder and presi-
Next he began to formulate a
up the second practice in the
"Because the cockpit is
dent of Youth Service USA, a
separate Youth Service USA
more temperate climate of
covered, it's like chopping
national program for disadvan-
program for people between
Marietta. He spends Saturday
wood in a sauna," Dr. Knott
taged young people.
18 and 24 years old. The new
through Thursday in Georgia
joked. The temperature inside
The youth service began in
effort included church partici-
and the rest of the week in
the race car reaches about 130
Memphis in the early 1960s as
pation in addition to military
Ohio.
degrees, requiring Dr. Knott
a camp program for inner-city
cooperation.
In 1982, he eked out
to wear a "cool suit" that cir-
high school students. But in
"I recognized the potential
enough time from his sched-
culates cool liquid through the
1968, when Dr. Martin Lu-
of exposure to military job
ule to get back to racing. He
suit and helmet.
ther King Jr. was killed, the
training," Mowery said. "I
completed a course at the Bob
Although he relishes the
Memphis police department
asked the military if the people
Bondurant School of Perform-
competition and excitement
requested that the camps be
could fill the empty chairs in
ance Driving in Sonoma, Cali-
of racing, he also enjoys meet-
closed during the resulting
the training classes because, as
fornia, and returned to the
ing the interesting people and
turmoil.
I pointed out, it wouldn't cost
track, winning his first race
doing something most people
"But that's when we needed
the government any more to
after a three-year layoff. He
only dream about.
them most so the children
teach a full class than to teach
went on to place fourth na-
His biggest fans are his two
would have a way to fill their
a half-empty class. Upon com-
tionally in the Skip Barber
children, 3-year-old son
time," Mowery said. He took
pletion of the classes, the
racing series that year.
Spencer and five-and-a-half-
his case to the U.S. Navy,
Youth Service trainees made
In 1984, he came in second
year-old daughter Raleigh.
asking if he could use some of
higher test scores than the
in the Barber National Cham-
Although his children and his
the Navy's undeveloped land
military personnel."
pionship. He beat the winner
wife, Kathryn, provide all the
in Memphis for the youth
Mowery attributes the
of the deciding race the day
emotional support and encour-
program.
youths' success to counseling
before, but an improper car-
agement he needs, racing re-
"They were very reluctant,"
provided by the church.
buretor adjustment kept him
quires financial support as well.
Mowery recalls, "but they saw
"Counselors made sure the
from having enough power to
When Dr. Knott lost his origi-
that the turmoil could overlap
young adults were being
take first place.
nal sponsor, he found himself
into the military, and they let
trained, did their homework,
He began entering profes-
struggling.
us use the land."
and got to class," he said.
22
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
The counselors also served
worked with institutions for
those aren't still around, the
"Before George Bush was
as math and English tutors.
juvenile delinquents. In 1963
ministry has touched over
elected president, he requested
"These are basic subjects,
he was asked to oversee the
600,000 young people across
that I come to Washington to
but a lot of older inner-city
youth program in Memphis.
the country," he said.
discuss the program with him,
youths have difficulty with
In addition to his full-time
What's in store for the fu-
and I'm waiting to hear more
them," Mowery said.
position as president of Youth
ture? Mowery is looking for-
about that. We've had requests
From this point, Youth
Service USA, Mowery is bi-
ward to more growth of the
from all over the country, and
Service USA's programs ex-
shop of St. Mary's Cathedral
programs. A $2 million fund-
I think there is potential for a
panded into other departments
in Memphis.
raising campaign will allow
very important job training
of the military and other parts
"We've started 113 pro-
expansion with less reliance
program across the United
of the country. Mowery even
grams, and even though all of
on government funding.
States."
received a request from then-
Governor Lamar Alexander to
BOMBS AWAY!
CIS' on-line computer match-
win contracts and subcon-
expand into different sections
ing service, which is part of
tracts worth more than $125
of Tennessee.
the Procurement Technical
million in the last two years.
The program for the older
Assistance Program. It
The Department of Defense
youths uses government facili-
Gene McKissic and his
matches Tennessee products
sponsors similar programs in
ties to train unemployed peo-
partner, Jim Jones, should soon
and services with defense
Florida, Georgia, Mississippi,
ple cost-efficiently, Mowery
be richer thanks to help from
department needs through a
and South Carolina to en-
said. There are certain restric-
UT's Center for Industrial
$30,000 computer system.
courage competition and spur
tions on who can be accepted
Services (CIS).
Industrial managers who ask
contracts.
into the program.
McKissic and Jones won a
to participate are alerted when
"Everyone has just been
"Those accepted must be
$1.8 million contract from the
contracts sent out for bid by
outstanding. UT's really been
unemployed with a low in-
Defense Department for their
DOD appear to match what
in our corner on this," McKis-
come," Mowery said. "Sev-
Cleveland, Tennessee, com-
they have to sell.
sic said. "The list of what has
enty-nine percent are women
pany, MJS Inc. Counseling
CIS has operated the Pro-
been done for us goes on and
on welfare."
and technical assistance from
curement Technical Assis-
on. I hope we can keep work-
The five-month training
UT made it happen.
tance Program since 1986,
ing with CIS in the future."
period concludes with a gradu-
"The people at CIS were
helping Tennessee businesses
ation ceremony. Mowery said
instrumental in completing
his greatest fulfillment comes
our bid solicitation, in getting
then.
specifications and drawings for
NICK MYERS
"I go to all the graduations.
us, and in answering the ques-
Seeing the people who went
tions we had about our con-
through the program and
tract," McKissic said.
knowing the next day they will
MJS Inc. soon will start
most likely have jobs to go to is
manufacturing 10,250 bomb
my biggest reward."
racks for the Department of
Recently, Mowery received
Defense.
other rewards for his 25-year
"The contract has allowed
service to the organization. He
us to expand our operations
received the first Episcopal
into a second shift. This will
Bishop's Award for Ministry,
mean eight to 10 new posi-
the Outstanding Tennessean
tions in the plant," McKissic
Award from Governor Ned
explained.
McWherter, and the Award
The Center for Industrial
of Merit, given jointly by the
Services operates a full-time
Memphis and Shelby County
program, Procurement Tech-
governments.
nical Assistance, to help busi-
Mowery's degree was in
and industry in Tennessee
business and economics. He
win lucrative DOD contracts.
spent three years in divinity
McKissic first heard about
school at Yale and one year as
the program through a news-
an apprentice. He then was
paper article. He then attended
ordained a deacon in 1956 and
special "how-to" workshops on
the next year was consecrated
contracting with the defense
Jim Jones, left, and Gene McKissic, partners in a
as a priest. From 1956 to 1963,
department. CIS sponsors the
Cleveland, Tennessee, company that recently won
Mowery was rector of St. An-
workshops statewide.
a $1.8 million defense contract with help from UT,
drews Episcopal Church in
MJS Inc. now solicits for
celebrate the good news with Nell Tays of the
Nashville, where he also
contracts every day through
University's Center for Industrial Services.
SUMMER 1989
23
A NEW LOOK:
ANDREW JOHNSON
ndrew Johnson, stand-
mocracy. But that wasn't necessar-
adopted many of their ways, though,
A
ing on the capitol steps
ily true in the 19th century, and
including owning slaves.
in Nashville the night
accounts of Johnson's presidency
Johnson's political career was in
of October 24, 1864,
have to take that into consideration.
high gear when the threat of seces-
freed the slaves in
"Given the situation in which
sion arose, and he apparently failed
Tennessee. Although
Johnson found himself, that of a
to take the possibility seriously. He
he would be president of the United
southern politician, it was almost
never waivered in his support of the
States a few months later and would
inevitable that he become a staunch
Union. Though he remained an
lead the country through the Re-
defender of the peculiar institu-
advocate of slavery, he thought the
construction era, he already had
tion," Bowen writes. "Any other
difficulties between North and
struck his most lasting blow for
course would have required an al-
South could be resolved "inside the
racial equality.
Union and upon the battlement of
For Johnson, despite freeing the
the Constitution."
slaves in Tennessee, was an un-
When he publicly committed to
abashed racist to whom blacks were
the Union, Johnson effectively cut
something less than human.
himself off from Southern allies
That's the conclusion of David
and from the power base of
Warren Bowen (UTK '66,
Tennessee's Democratic
'70, '76) in his new Johnson
party. In the North, on the
biography, Andrew Johnson
other hand, he became a
and the Negro, published by
sort of folk hero. Lincoln
UT Press.
placed Tennessee patron-
Bowen has looked more
age in his hands, and he
deeply into Johnson's ra-
was the loyal South's
cial attitudes than previ-
most influential spokes-
ous biographers. His
man in Congress.
sources reflect the chang-
The deal was ce-
ing views of American
mented when Lincoln
scholarship, ranging from
appointed him military
materials of the 19th and
governor, Bowen writes.
early 20th centuries, when
"
The nature of the
racism was still somewhat
office made Johnson, here-
acceptable, to today's "revi-
tofore a powerful and inde-
sionist" scholars who see
pendent-minded senator,
Johnson more and more in a
directly subject to the will of
racist light.
the president," Bowen says.
"In the first half of this cen-
As more political strings
tury, avowedly pro-Johnson writers
tightened around him, the military
usually reflected the prevailing no-
governor adopted, at least publicly,
tions about Negro inferiority and
the abolitionist cause. His "reluc-
saw Reconstruction as the president's
tant conversion limited in nature
finest hour," Bowen writes.
President Andrew Johnson, 1865.
and SO clearly the product of polit-
Things are different now, though.
(Courtesy National Archives; from The
ical necessity," led him to the 1864
"Living in an age in which 'racist'
Papers of Andrew Johnson, Volume 7,
pronouncement abolishing slavery
has become a pejorative and belief
edited by Paul Bergeron.)
in Tennessee.
in racial inferiority a refuge for the
Unfortunately, Johnson's public
ignorant, contemporary historians
most revolutionary personality."
stand seemingly did little to alter his
are almost required to look with
Johnson was anything but rev-
personal views. He thought re-
some degree of disfavor at Johnson's
olutionary. The son of a hotel por-
storing a stable state government
policies and often at the man him-
ter and a maid, he prided himself on
was more important than the status
self," Bowen says.
being a self-made man. Despite
of blacks and underwent no basic
From today's perspective, it goes
holding powerful political offices,
transformation that made him think
without saying that slavery and
he never was accepted as a part of
blacks were the equals of whites.
racism aren't compatible with de-
the Southern establishment. He
In what Bowen calls "one of the
24
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
most significant 'misunderstandings'
Anyone who opposed his policies
in American history," Johnson was
might be tagged "wild upon negro
TRUST To SUPPORT
nominated and elected Lincoln's
franchise."
vice president. Moderate Repub-
In Johnson's eyes, "support for
PRESIDENTS
licans, who believed in racial equal-
black suffrage, with its implication
CENTER
ity (at least to some extent), some-
of racial equality, was, by definition,
how thought they had an ally in
opposition to democracy and the
Johnson, who adamantly opposed
American system of government
Tennessee's three presidents -
it. With Lincoln's assassination, the
and, therefore, as much treason as
Andrew Johnson, Andrew Jackson,
trouble began.
the southern rebellion itself," Bow-
and James Polk - left a rich heri-
"It placed in the most powerful
en writes.
tage of papers and documents. UT
position in the government a man
"Having no illusions about the
Knoxville houses the documentary
whose personal conception of black
'humanness' of blacks, Johnson
editing projects of all three in its
people was different from the ma-
never understood this distinction
Tennessee Presidents Center.
jority of the party that had elected
between 'natural' and 'political'
As part of that activity, UTK
him," Bowen writes. "Perhaps most
rights."
has formed the Tennessee Presi-
important, the elements which had
Moderate Republicans were
converted that man from a slave-
scarcely rabid supporters of univer-
dents Trust to promote awareness
sal suffrage, but they expected a Re-
of civic leadership. The trust will
owner to an advocate of freedom
were now missing. A clash be-
construction that guaranteed some
support research and publications
tween Johnson and his former asso-
basic human rights for the freedmen.
relating to work of the Presidents
ciates was almost unavoidable."
They and their president moved
Center.
And the clash, the "significant
ever further apart until Johnson
The trust also will sponsor
misunderstanding" between Amer-
found himself in virtual political
educational projects and recognize
ica's citizens and its president,
isolation. But, he continued to wage
community leaders in each of
occurred just as the future of thou-
political warfare, Bowen says.
Tennessee's 95 counties.
sands of freed slaves was to be
"It was his success as an irritant
"The three Tennessee pres-
determined.
to the ascendant Congress rather
idents gave the state a legacy of
Most Republicans approached
than his failure that led to impeach-
leadership, so the trust is seeking
Reconstruction with the idea of
ment. Even here, the Republicans
to recognize today's community
establishing a "second class" or
were forced to act more from frus-
leaders," said Dr. Patricia Brake
"apprentice" citizenship for blacks.
tration than political calculation.
Howard, director of the Tennessee
They had guilts about slavery. John-
As a result, their efforts were based
Presidents Trust.
son had none.
on a weak foundation that ended
No other university in the coun-
"Andrew Johnson, in short, had
in the failure to remove him from
try has three presidential papers
come to terms with his racist be-
office."
projects. The purpose of the re-
liefs...," Bowen writes. "The injus-
Even though he served out his
search is to collect, edit, and doc-
tice done black people was simply
term, Johnson left office determined
ument the works of the presidents.
not the problem. They were not
to vindicate himself. Indeed, he did
The trust's board of governors.
human beings in the normal mean-
return to the Senate in 1875, short-
includes: Wilma Dykeman, Alex
ing of the word...'
ly before his death. And he was
viewed not unkindly by writers of
Haley, and Natalie Haslam, repre-
When Johnson vetoed both the
Freedmen's Bureau bill and the
his era. Now though, his reputation
senting the Knoxville area; Spencer
Civil Rights bill, he said it was on
isn't so good.
J. McCallie III of Chattanooga;
constitutional grounds. He told
"There is little doubt that this
Edward F. Jones and Ron Steine,
blacks that he had opposed slavery
present assessment of the embattled
representing Nashville; Lewis
because it was a "great monopoly,"
president has been influenced, if not
Donelson and Annabel Woodall of
not because it was morally wrong,
determined, by the change in the
Memphis; and Nellie McNeil, Pat
but because it was a threat to
general attitude toward race that
Wiley, and Patsy Williams, repre-
democracy.
took place following the Second
senting the Tri-Cities area.
He became increasingly isolated
World War," Bowen writes.
Some of the projects the trust
and more and more tended to act
Modern historians need to be
wants to see implemented include
on his personal convictions rather
careful and to learn from the past,
educational packets on the presi-
than the will of the people. His
the author says.
dents for use in middle schools and
"rigid personality tended to ignore
"This simple ratio between racial
collaboration with art museums to
the subtle meanings of ideas con-
attitude and interpretation is some-
present a portrait exhibit about the
trary to his own," Bowen writes.
thing that we modern 'revisionists'
three presidents.
"Opponents, in his estimation,
should remind ourselves of when
were always self-serving; they
passing judgment on our pre-
were never men as deeply com-
decessors as well as the historical
mitted to their understanding of
characters we seek to analyze."-
right as he was."
DB
SUMMER 1989
25
CHAPTERS
A
lumni and friends
throughout the country have
gathered recently at chapter
functions. Following are reports
from alumni programs directors
Bob Carroll, Dona Diftler, and
Kerry Witcher.
Carroll
Diftler
Witcher
Coffee, Franklin, and Moore
Mike Pelton. Attendance, 19.
MEETING AND
counties, November 10, reception
Northern California, November
GREETING
and Lady Vols scrimmage at Mot-
12, dinner at Hyatt Regency, San
low State Community College.
Francisco. Speaker, Dr. Mike Pel-
Cosponsored by the Motlow Col-
ton. New officers: John Thompson,
lege Foundation.
president; Joe Murphy, vice presi-
Marion County, November 10,
dent; Tracy Heller, secretary; Susan
Anderson County, November 3,
potluck dinner at the home of Bill
Keely, treasurer. Attendance, 31.
Lady Vols scrimmage at Oak Ridge
and Becky Killian in South Pitts-
Henderson County, November
High School. Cosponsored with the
burg. Speaker, Dr. Bill Bass, profes-
16, dinner at Western Sizzlin' Steak
Girls' Club of Oak Ridge.
sor and head of anthropology at
House in Lexington. Speaker, Dr.
Rocky Mountain, November 9,
UTK. New officers: George Lloyd,
Bob Smith, dean of arts and sci-
dinner at Zang Brewing Company
president, and Jerry Bible, vice
ences, UT Martin. Attendance, 31.
in Denver. Speaker, Dr. Mike Pel-
president. Attendance, 39.
Hardeman County, November
ton, UTK professor of forestry. New
Southern California, November
22, dinner at Joe's Restaurant in
president: Mary Lynn Grover.
10, dinner at Marmac's Restaurant
Bolivar. Speaker, Don McLeary,
Attendance, 52.
in Garden Grove. Speaker, Dr.
UT Martin football coach. Atten-
UNIVERS' THE
SSEE
UTK Athletics Director Doug Dickey
and Robertson County chapter
president Kim Bibb greet friends.
Earl Zwingle was among
those attending the Northern
California meeting.
Dr. Mike Pelton from UT
Knoxville spoke at the Rocky
Mountain chapter meeting. With
him is Jenny Edwards, chapter
president.
26
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
dance, 40.
Houston, January 2, Sugar Bowl
tions. New officers: president, Wal-
North Georgia, November 29,
party at Ramada Inn Northwest.
ter Baird; president-elect, John
reception at Dalton Country Club.
Attendance, 30.
Baker. Attendance, 23.
Speaker, Dr. Bill Bass. Attendance,
Houston, January 7, TV party at
Davidson County, January 19,
34.
Gators to watch Volunteers versus
reception at Sheraton-Music City.
Lawrence County, November
Mississippi State basketball game.
Entertainment by the UTK Singers.
29, dinner at David Crockett State
Attendance, 20.
New officers: president, Bart White;
Park restaurant. Speaker, UT Mar-
Central Florida, January 9,
president-elect, Ronny Roberts;
tin Chancellor Margaret Perry.
reception at DeLand Hilton and
secretary, Steve Wilson; treasurer,
Attendance, 67.
Lady Vols game. Speaker, Lady
Ken Wills. Attendance, 100.
Atlanta, December 1, Atlanta
Vols Coach Pat Summitt. Bob
Dallas-Fort Worth, January 21,
Hawks basketball game at the
Peach re-elected president. Atten-
TV party at Humperdinks to watch
Omni. Attendance, 126.
dance, 65.
Volunteers versus Kentucky basket-
Knox County, December 4,
Tallahassee, January 10, dinner
ball game. Attendance, 40.
lunch and Christmas music program
at Brown Derby Restaurant. Speak-
Houston, January 21, TV party
at UTK. Attendance, 219.
er, Dr. Joe Johnson, executive vice
at Gators. Attendance, 25.
Dyer County, December 8, din-
president. New officers: president,
Houston, January 25, SEC
ner at Dyersburg Country Club.
Larry Wilson (re-elected), and vice
alumni dinner at the Texas Club.
Speaker, Dr. Bob Smith. Atten-
president, Richard Tudor. Atten-
Speaker, SEC Commissioner Har-
dance, 27.
dance, 32.
vey Schiller. Attendance, 40.
Houston, December 9, Christ-
Jacksonville, January 11, recep-
New York, January 25, SEC
mas party at home of Jean Profitt.
tion at Sawgrass Marriott. Speaker,
party at the Surf Club. Attendance,
Attendance, 35.
Dr. Joe Johnson. Attendance, 20.
50.
Houston, December 29, TV
Wilson County, January 18, din-
Rocky Mountain, January 28,
party at Gators to watch Volunteers
ner at Cumberland University.
train ride-ski trip to Winter Park
versus Memphis State basketball
Speaker, Dr. Kelly Leiter, dean of
Ski Resort. Attendance, 28.
game. Attendance, 12.
the UTK College of Communica-
CONVERSITY
OF
SSEE
UT trustee Marcia Echols,
center, was a special guest at
VERSITY
OF
Dr. Kelly Gregory, right, past
the Robertson County chapter
TEN
president of the Wilson County
meeting. With her is her mother,
chapter, chats with Dr. Kelly
Among the alumni working at
Susie Austin, right, and chapter
Leiter, dean of the UTK College
college night in Houston were
of Communications.
president Kim Bibb.
Mike Goldstein, left, and
Alf Sutherland.
SUMMER 1989
27
PROFILE
INTRODUCING
A NEW
NICK E MYERS
PRESIDENT
Though from a small
town, he has big ideas
for the NAA.
d Townsend thinks a little
E
nudge is all it takes to get
alumni involved with the
University. That's the way it hap-
pened with him.
Townsend didn't go to the
meeting of the Decatur County
UT alumni chapter in spring 1980,
and, just like in the familiar joke,
he was elected president. But that
was the nudge he needed to become
an active alumnus. And he didn't
stop until he reached the top - he's
the new president of the 180,000-
member UT National Alumni
Association.
The stint as president demands a
lot of time and energy. Job and fam-
ily sometimes are shortchanged as
the president travels, speaks, meets,
and greets on behalf of the NAA.
When asked to serve, the 35-year-
old Townsend didn't think first of
time demands, though. His concern
was whether he could play in the
alumni band at UTK homecoming.
"I played trombone in the band
Ed Townsend begins a year of traveling, meeting, and working on
as an undergraduate, and I've en-
behalf of the University of Tennessee.
joyed being in the alumni band at
homecoming. But the president of
With the playing and praying
nated funds. Contributors give to
the alumni association is always in
conflict resolved, Townsend can
their favorite programs. So the
the press box to do the invocation
confront some more serious issues.
alumni scholarships, which are
at the homecoming game, and I
The alumni scholarship program,
funded by undesignated gifts,
didn't think I could do both.
for one, will receive some close
haven't increased much lately.
"I decided I could skip being in
attention during his term.
We've got to increase our undesig-
the alumni band for one year, but I
"President Alexander may ask
nated gifts to offer more valuable
really didn't want to. Shortly after
the alumni association to fund some
scholarships."
that, I saw Dr. (Jay) Julian (band
'full-ride' scholarships, which we'll
He's also concerned about
director) and Jim Sparks (assistant
try to find the funds to do," he said.
involving more young alumni in
director), and Jim said, 'Ed, no
"The problem is that, although our
the NAA. More low-cost activities
problem. We'll put a microphone
annual giving is growing by leaps
might help draw them in, Town-
on the field for you!"
and bounds, it's growing in desig-
send said. Like himself, they
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
28
NEWS FROM THE
ASSOCIATION
probably need an opportunity to get
golfer, and a self-taught computer
involved, a nudge to take part.
buff.
"I go to more than a dozen chap-
"I've never taken any computer
The recent Mexican Riviera cruise
ter meetings a year. And I don't go
courses. I just did some reading and
sponsored by the NAA was the most
thinking about raising money. At
then tried out what I'd learned. By
popular in several years. Almost 70
chapter meetings, you see people
doing that, I've learned to use com-
alumni took the tour.
you went to school with, people you
puters on my desk. Sort of the same
Yet to come this year are trips to
have something in common with.
way, I bought a book on golf club
the English countryside (August 22-
You can talk about old times or
repair and learned to do that."
September 3), Greece and Turkey
good things that are going on at the
Some of his fondest memories
(September 17-28), a "Great Rivers
University. It's a fun experience."
from UTK, where he earned degrees
of Europe" tour (September 27-Octo-
Townsend is an attorney in the
in accounting and law, revolve
ber 9), and a cruise on the Danube and
to Istanbul (June 27-July 10).
quiet West Tennessee town of Par-
around the Pride of the Southland
For more information, call the Of-
sons. A bachelor, he enjoys the re-
Band and its distinctive director,
fice of Alumni Affairs and Annual Giv-
laxed pace of small town life.
Dr. Jay Julian. Although Dr. Julian
ing at 615-974-3011.
"I was born in Parsons, raised in
asked a lot of his charges, he gave a
Parsons, my family is from Parsons.
lot in return, Townsend said. One
G
etting young graduates involved in
I don't have to wait on elevators or
incident stands out in his memory.
alumni activities is difficult for all uni-
"We were marching
versities, UT included.
in Nashville's Christ-
At UTK, the Office of Alumni Affairs
mas parade, and some
has adopted a simple scheme of of-
people in one of the
fering casual, low cost get-togethers
Vanderbilt dorms
in cities where there are large concen-
trations of the under 30 set. Young
started throwing
alumni in Memphis, Nashville, Knox-
things at us. Doc
ville, and Chattanooga have responded
came running out in
positively, and the Tri-Cities area
the street and stopped
is next.
the band. He waved
"The gatherings are primarily so-
us off the street and
cial," says Martha Masengill, director
we walked along the
of alumni affairs. "We send mailings
sidewalk on the other
to graduates of the last ten years in-
side until we got past
viting them to come. There's no for-
Vanderbilt. Then he
mal program. We just encourage them
red lights. We have two red lights,
reformed the band," Townsend
to get interested in the University."
The program is a complement, not
and one of them is being replaced
laughs, recalling Dr. Julian's deter-
a competitor, to the National Alumni
with a caution light! I live less than
mination to protect the students.
Association. It's hoped that young
a mile from my office. Incomes may
Townsend thinks his work is cut
people who get involved through the
be lower than in an urban area, but
out for him as NAA president.
young alumni meetings will also par-
there's a lot to be said for the other
"I've got some big shoes to fill,"
ticipate in NAA events.
things in life."
he said. "Betty Gill and all the
Among the types of gatherings SO
Rural West Tennessee is UT-
association presidents have done
far have been a pre-football party in
oriented, Townsend said.
such a fabulous job. But I've got the
the Neyland Stadium skyboxes, a taco
"The public there supports the
help of the University alumni staff.
dinner, a dance, a riverboat cruise,
University of Tennessee. A lot of
They make the alumni association
after-work socials, and a picnic in
students go to UT Martin and some
work.
conjunction with the Orange and White
game in Knoxville.
to UT Knoxville."
"I'm looking forward to my
His family is a good example. His
term."-DB
resident Alexander has been hitting
grandmother attended Hall-Moody,
the alumni circuit, speaking to vari-
UT Martin's forerunner, and his
ous groups. He has met with the NAA
mother is an alumna of UTK. His
Public Affairs Committee and Past
father, with whom the younger
Presidents Council.
Townsend practices, is a graduate of
He also spoke at a recent meeting
Union University in nearby Jack-
of the Knox County UT Alumni Chap-
son, Tennessee, and a trustee of
ter and was honored by the chapter at
Lambuth College, also in Jackson.
a reception.
The new president is a pilot, a
SUMMER 1989
29
CONTRIBUTORS
THANKS TO NEW
Dr. and Mrs. Richard K. Genung
Mr. and Mrs. Mike Moneymaker
Mr. and Mrs. S. Morris Hadden
Mr. and Mrs. John F. Morgan
CONTRIBUTORS
Mr. and Mrs. Gregory A. Hamilton
Dr. and Mrs. H. Norman Noe
Mr. and Mrs. Lee E. Harkleroad III
Mr. and Mrs. B.D. O'Neal
Dr. and Mrs. Dennis G. Harris
Ms. Marian E. Oates
he Tennessee Alumnus is
Mr. and Mrs. James F. Harrison
Mr. and Mrs. Ronald O. Robertson
pleased to recognize new
Mr. and Mrs. Matthew P. Helms
Mr. Richard L. Rose
T
members of the Uni-
Dr. and Mrs. Billy G. Hicks
Mr. and Mrs. William S. Rose
versity's major gift clubs.
Dr. and Mrs. Steven M. Horton
Mr. and Mrs. William Salter
The Benefactors Society honors
Mr. Douglas W. Hutson
Dr. Theresa G. Sharp
those who give $100,000 or more,
Mr. and Mrs. David C. Jones
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth D. Shepherd
while the Heritage Society recog-
Dr. Kenneth H. Kim
Mr. and Mrs. L. Raymon Shobe
nizes contributors of $50,000 or
Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence Long
Mr. and Mrs. Dwight E. Starnes
more. Presidents' Club membership
Mr. Coleman L. Longworth
Mr. Charles W. Swanson
is accorded those who give $10,000.
Mr. Greg L. Loucks
Mr. Ed Townsend Jr.
The new members listed made
Dr. and Mrs. Allen Loy
Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Wilson
gifts between November 1, 1988,
Mr. and Mrs. Patrick L. Martin
Mr. Jeffrey W. Zink
and January 31, 1989.
Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. McClure
Benefactors Society
CARRY ON THE TENNESSEE TRADITION
Mr. and Mrs. Donald H. Jones
Dick Broadcasting Company Inc.
Als a second or third generation of your family planning to enter UT
Dunavant Enterprises
(any campus) this year?
Northern Telecom Inc.
Gherkin Foundation
XIf your child is following in your footsteps as an entering freshman
Estate of Josephine Chambers
this fall (1989) - or perhaps even becoming the third generation of
Donald B. Wiener Trust Fund
your family to attend UT - fill out the form below and mail it to the
Tennessee Alumnus before July 30. We will recognize you for carrying
Heritage Society
on the Tennessee tradition.
Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Ambrister
Mr. and Mrs. Marvin L. Anthony
xIn addition to the completed form, send a recent photograph of the
Mrs. Lila C. Bradford
student, the parent, and the grandparent (black and white preferred).
Mr. and Mrs. C. Clifton Ward
CTI Inc.
Amoco Foundation Inc.
St. Jude Children's Research
(Name of incoming student)
Hospital
(Student's high school)
Presidents' Club
Mr. and Mrs. Lamar Alexander
(Father's name and dates attended UT) (which campus?)
Mrs. Earlene C. Aytes
Mr. and Mrs. David Bagwell
(Mother's name and dates attended UT) (which campus?)
Ms. Betty J. Basler
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel L. Batey
(Grandparents' names and dates attended UT) (which campus?)
Mr. and Mrs. Ronald E. Bingham
Dr. and Mrs. Wade H. Boswell
Street address
Mr. and Mrs. A.C. Clark
Mr. and Mrs. Philip E. Cobble
City, state, zip
Dr. and Mrs. Pleas Copas
Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Davis
Mail to:
Tennessee Alumnus
Patricia and Ronald Davis
467 Communications Building
Mr. and Mrs. Carl W. Eshbaugh
Knoxville, TN 37996-0340
DEADLINE: JULY 30
Dr. and Mrs. Charles B. Estep
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
30
PRESIDENT'S REPORT
WOMEN'S COUNCIL
University of Tennessee
ENCOURAGES
National Alumni Association
Board of Governors
INVOLVEMENT
GENERAL OFFICERS
President: Betty Gill, '53, Knoxville/ President-elect: Edwin
By Betty Gill
Townsend Jr., 76, '79, Parsons/ Vice President: Nancy Collum,
President
'78, Chattanooga/ Treasurer: Elmo Rowland, '33, Jonesboro/
National Chairman of Annual Giving: Dr. Leonard Hines, '64,
National Alumni Association
Memphis.
DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES
In-State
he basic purpose of an alumni association ought to be to
Terms expiring June 30, 1989: Elmo Rowland, '33, Jonesboro/
Thomas Hale, '76, '80, Knoxville/ John Beard, '75, '78,
T
provide a service to those former students who are no long-
Chattanooga/ Edward Porter, '58, McMinnville/ James Thomas,
'73, 75, Brentwood/ Coleen Wall Dorris, '47, '71, Clarksville/
er affiliated with the University on a daily basis.
Edwin Townsend Jr., '76, '79, Parsons/ Thomas Thomas, 76, '78,
Martin/ Clarky Houser, '69, Memphis/ Terms expiring June 30,
Such has been the objective of the University of Tennessee Na-
1990: Frank Anderson Jr., '79, Johnson City/ Stephen Daves, '67,
'73, Louisville/ Kirby Oldham, '74, Chattanooga/ William Burton,
tional Alumni Association since its founding in 1836. The services,
'67, Murfreesboro/ Robert Haynes, '65, '72, Brentwood/ Jimmy
Dugger, '71, Columbia/ J. Robert Barger, '68, '73, McLemoresville/
programs, and activities provided by the association are designed to
David Campbell, '74, Dresden/ Dr. Robert Kaplan, '73, Memphis/
Terms expiring June 30, 1991: Donna Gann, '81, Kingsport/
allow alumni to develop a lifelong relationship with the institution.
Robert Davis, '53, Knoxville/ Dr. Robert White, '52, South
Pittsburg/ Mark Beeler, '76, '86, Hartsville/ Ann Gillen, '77,
The UTNAA Women's Council is one such program intended to
Nashville/ James Balthrop, '72, Springfield/ Thomas Bunch, '76,
Lexington/ Ronald Wolfe, '68, Milan/ Charles Holmes, '73,
provide a service as well as a means of identification with UT.
Memphis.
Founded in 1971, the Women's Council is a group of 16 women
Out-of-State
Terms expiring June 30, 1989: William Leggitt, '63, Charlotte,
who annually plan and conduct four to six continuing education
N.C./ Barry Bundrant, '65, South Bend, Ind./ Malcolm Colditz,
'58, Texas City, Tex./ Terms expiring June 30, 1990: Robert
seminars across the state on topics of interest to female graduates and
Allison, '54, Louisville, Ky./ Bill Sneed, '54, Huntsville, Ala./ Dr.
Bob Byrd, '56, Santa Ana, Ca./ Terms expiring June 30, 1991:
other friends.
James Sullivan, '66, Wayne, Pa./ Rutherford Lyle Key Jr., '67,
Jacksonville, Fla./ Robert Pickle, '59, '61, St. Louis, Mo.
When the Women's Council was created, few women served on
MAJOR CAMPUS REPRESENTATIVES
the NAA Board of Governors and almost none as presidents of local
Chattanooga: Chancellor Frederick Obear, Chattanooga/ David
Chalker, Chattanooga/ James Jackson, Chattanooga/ Harry
UT alumni chapters. Presently, females comprise 28 percent of Board
Brownie Au Jr., '75, Signal Mountain/ Marie Thatcher, '69,
Lookout Mountain/ Knoxville: Chancellor Jack Reese, Knoxville/
of Governors membership, and one out of five of more than 110
Pat Hunt, Knoxville/ Mary Neal Glass, '65, Hendersonville/ Steve
Carr, '73, Knoxville/ Fred Jacobs, '78, La Vergne/ Martin:
alumni chapters are led by women, demonstrating that alumni in-
Chancellor Margaret Perry, '61, '63, '65, Martin/ John Barker,
Martin/ Dr. Kyle Sanders, '82, '85, Millington/ Elijah Turman, '60,
volvement objectives are being met.
Memphis/ Suzanne McFall, '63, Savannah/ Memphis: Chancellor
James Hunt, Memphis/ Janie Touliatos, Memphis/ Dr. Harry Leo
This year's Council Chair, Annie Martin Mitchell of Sparta,
Sullivan, '86, Mt. Juliet/ Dr. Charles Davidson Jr., '85, Athens/ Dr.
Robert Elder, '80, '88, Knoxville/ Representative for UTN
Tennessee, and her colleagues have already conducted very successful
Graduates: Sherry Atwood, Antioch.
seminars in Memphis, Jackson, Knoxville, and Nashville. Attendance
PAST PRESIDENTS
Dr. Leonard Hines, '64, Memphis/ Richard Cardin, '58, Nashville/
was in excess of 1,500 persons and as usual, the evaluations by the
Alan Cates, '67, '72, Chattanooga/ David Hopkins Jr., '58,
registrants were very positive. Since September, Harriet Lerner,
Chattanooga/ C. Thomas Barnes, '65, Maryville.
REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE
author of the best-selling books, The Dance of Anger and The Dance
Juanne Thompson, '53, Knoxville/ Frank Childress, '77,
of Intimacy, has spoken to crowds of more than 1,000 in Memphis
Brentwood/ Mary Jo Dougherty, '52, Camden/ Charles Wharton,
'65, Altadena, Ca./ Bill Kemp, '55, Martinez, Ga./ Firth Morris,
and Nashville. UT alumnus Lisa Ford of Atlanta, a leading speaker
'53, Alexandria, Va./ Jenny Edwards, '71, Evergreen, Co.
Chair of Women's Council, Annie Martin Mitchell, '42, Sparta/
in professional training circles, spoke on the topic, "Professional
Chairman of Presidents Club, Dr. Arthur Evans, '50, Louisville/
Chairman of Public Affairs Committee, Tandy Wilson III, '48,
Success - How To Get It," in Knoxville; and Cynthia House, vice
Nashville.
president of the AIM Institute of Knoxville, chose as her subject,
STAFF REPRESENTATIVES
System
"Women and Self-Concept: Bluebird or Albatross," in Jackson.
President, Lamar Alexander/ President Emeritus, Dr. Edward
Boling, '48, '50/ Executive Vice President and Vice President for
Participation in Women's Council seminars has increased dra-
Development, Dr. Joseph Johnson, '60/ Associate Vice President
for Alumni Affairs and Annual Giving, David Roberts, '65/
matically over the past couple of years and many female graduates
Associate Vice President for Development, Charles Brakebill, '48/
Lofton Stuart Jr., '71/ Thomas Weaver, 72/ June Turner/ Lee
have reunited with their alma mater through this program. Partici-
Hume, '82/ Robert Carroll/ Susie Orr, '74/ Kerry Witcher, '81/
Becky Little, '62/ Dona Diftler, '76, '77/ Lea Wright/ Marty
pants become better informed about the University and its alumni
Hopkins.
Campus
programs as a result of their exposure to Women's Council seminars.
Terry Denniston, '80, Chattanooga/ Martha Masengill, '63,
Knoxville/ Marty Wright, '83, Knoxville/ Dr. Donna Bletner, '78,
As a result, they have stronger feelings and a greater affinity for the
Knoxville/ John Jackson Jr., '78, Knoxville/ Barbara McAdams,
'72, '80, Memphis/ Bernie Dusseau, Memphis/ Anne Frassinelli,
University than before and the University benefits from this group of
Memphis.
vocal advocates and opinion leaders.
SUMMER 1989
31
YESTERYEAR
dle shoes, students often stepped into
The city of Knoxville celebrated its
DANCING TOWARD
formal attire. Women's formals were
sesquicentennial (1791-1941), and the
advertised from $8.98 to $24.98 at Miller's,
ceremonies were highlighted by a histori-
DISASTER
and men's "swanky tails" were going for
cal pageant with about 1,500 players at
$25 at Fred Brown's. A party wardrobe
Shields-Watkins field.
For those who liked to dance,
was essential for not only Nahheeyayli
Religion exerted a strong influence on
41
1941 must have been a won-
(Tommy Dorsey and an up-and-coming
campus. Convocation, a passion play, and
derful year. Maybe it was be-
vocalist, Frank Sinatra, entertained at
numerous religious programs and lectures
cause there were no VCRs
the spring dances), but also the Military
attracted considerable student attendance.
and home pizza delivery, or
Ball, Barnwarmin', the Volunteer Beauty
Enrollment was about 3,250 at Knox-
perhaps it was a frantic rush to have a
Ball, the Senior Ball, and numerous other
ville, 300 at the Martin Branch, and 750
good time before war struck. But what-
festivities. There were dances at Whittle
at Memphis. President James Hoskins was
ever the reason, dances, mu-
pleased with the prospect of a $900,000
sic, and partying seemed to
state operating appropriation for the com-
occupy a goodly portion of
ing year.
students' time.
The Memphis campus was saddened
The year began on a down
by the death of R.E. (Pat) Haney, general
note when the football Vols,
student secretary of the University Medi-
in their heyday under Coach
cal Center and "the confidante of hun-
Bob Neyland, were defeated
dreds of students engaged in the study of
by Boston College in the
medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and nurs-
Sugar Bowl. The teams' prow-
ing," according to the Tennessee Alumnus.
ess in the preceding seasons
The Knoxville campus opened its doors
(three major bowl games in
in the spring for its eighth High School
three years, 31 victories
Day. Students and teachers from high
against only three defeats) lessened the
Stepping out to one of the year's
schools throughout Tennessee were in-
impact of the defeat, though, and Vol
numerous dances.
vited for events ranging from sports con-
Bob Suffridge won the Rockne Trophy as
tests to a Latin competition. Also in the
the outstanding lineman in the nation.
Springs Ballroom ($1.50 a couple in ad-
spring was the annual Senior Holiday,
For the students who couldn't make
vance) and gatherings at Highlands Grill
when the entire senior class left the campus
the trip to New Orleans, color films of
on Kingston Pike. Late night breakfasts
behind and journeyed to Big Ridge Park
the entire game — plus scenic shots of
came to a halt, though, when officials de-
for boating, picnicking, horseshoes, ca-
the Crescent City - were shown at
creed women had to return promptly to
noe races, and baseball.
Alumni Gym. Admission was 25 cents.
their dorms after dances.
Aloha Oe, the traditional candlelight
Student spirit wasn't dampened for
Informal evenings would likely find stu-
senior farewell ceremony, featured the
long by the footballers' foibles. It was
dents at the movies, perhaps watching
largest graduating class in University
time for mid-winter Nahheeyayli, a
Mary Martin and Bing Crosby in Birth
history - 497 seniors.
three-day extravaganza of dances with
of the Blues, Fred Astaire and Paulette
The merriment of the year came to an
the war-inspired theme, "Musical Blitz-
Goddard in Second Chorus, John Gar-
abrupt halt on December 7 with the Japa-
krieg." Music was by the popular Will
field in East of the River, or Mickey
nese bombing of Pearl Harbor. Never
Bradley dance band, and the decorations
Rooney and Judy Garland in Strike Up the
again did the music play as sweetly or the
featured silver stars and airplanes.
Band.
dancers step so high. - DB
Indeed war seemed to dominate
campus thought. The 1941 Volun-
teer yearbook took "National Pre-
paredness" as its theme and devoted
an entire section to the military.
Students and faculty were being
called into the service, most no-
table among them Coach Neyland.
The University offered Civilian Pi-
lot Training courses, and the Or-
ange and White student newspaper
touted for greatness the first "coed"
who enrolled.
There was an influenza epidemic
on campus that left few untouched.
The O&W published a regular in-
firmary list and reported University
Hospital "filled to capacity."
"Kleenex is more prevalent than
The football Vols completed their third straight undefeated, untied season.
saddle shoes," a columnist quipped.
The senior line of Coleman, Shires, Molinski, Ackerman, Suffridge, Luttrell,
When they slipped off their sad-
and Cifers led the charge.
32
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
When East Meets West
By AMY SHARPE
Turkish nurses visiting UT Memphis find their profession vastly
different from that of their U.S. counterparts.
About a year ago, Dean Michael
Carter of the UT Memphis College of
Nursing attended an international con-
DAVID A SMART
ference. Among the participants was
the dean of the Florence Nightingale
College of Nursing in Istanbul, Turkey.
The two struck up a warm friend-
ship. Before they parted, Carter invited
the dean and her faculty to visit UT
Memphis.
Several months later, two professors
from Florence Nightingale stepped off a
plane at the Memphis International
Airport. For the next eight weeks,
Semra Erdogan and Anahit Coskun
followed Dean Carter and his staff
around as they introduced the pair to
American nursing.
This is the story of what happened
when east met west.
W hen Semra Erdogan and
Anahit Coskun boarded a jet in
Memphis to return to their teaching
posts in Istanbul, they carried with
them four bulky boxes loaded with
two months' worth of research ma-
terials gathered while visiting the
UT Memphis College of Nursing.
Considering the changes they
hope to inspire in their home coun-
try's health care system, they were
Anahit Coskun feeds a tiny patient with help from a nursing student.
travelling light.
Coskun and Semra Erdogan visited UT Memphis to observe
Erdogan and Coskun are Turkish
and learn from American nurses.
Ph.D.s who spent eight weeks at
UT Memphis finding out how the
Better public education. In
Well-defined protocols for
American health care system in
Turkey, patients "leave themselves
nursing professionals. In Turkey, a
general - and the American nurse
toGod." They have little knowledge
nurse divides her time among pa-
in particular - delivers primary
about their own health or their
tient care, janitorial work (or its
health care. "We want to use what
health care providers.
supervision), taking part in doctors'
we have learned to help solve Turk-
Improved technology. Com-
examinations of patients, and end-
ey's health problems," says Erdogan.
puters have only lately cracked the
less paperwork.
The two nurses face a consider-
business barrier in Turkey, and they
More education for nurses.
able task. Turkish health care deliv-
are still just a dream in medical edu-
"We have about 80 nursing schools
ery needs:
cation and patient care.
and 44 midwife schools in Turkey,"
SUMMER 1989
33
Erdogan says, "but these are all on
comments.
into practice, which included some
the secondary level."
Coskun agrees. "In your country,
of the newer technology," says
In other words, teenage girls skip
there is the teen pregnancy rate,
Russell. "It added an extra dimen-
high school and attend nursing
drug abuse. We have no similar
sion to our day to have them with
school instead. The vast majority of
problems, no AIDS, not so much
us. They were really enthusiastic
Turkey's nurses have no college-
venereal disease."
about little things that we take for
level training when they join their
Fay Russell, chief of nursing at
granted.
profession.
the Boling Center for Developmen-
"I gather that nursing is far less
Erdogan and Coskun are the ex-
tal Disabilities and associate profes-
sophisticated in Turkey. They are
ceptions. Both doctors of nursing,
sor of maternal/child nursing, says
pretty much where we were 30-35
they are among an elite of only 150
the language barrier prevented
years ago."
nurses in their nation who have
much discussion. However, the
The CDD's early intervention
master's or higher degrees - not
Turkish nurses read English very
program, which identifies and treats
surprising for a country that sup-
well. As a result, they were anxious
developmentally delayed children
ports just six schools of higher edu-
to obtain all the printed material
before their second birthday, caught
cation "that are the equivalent of
they could.
the Turkish nurses' attention.
UT Memphis," they say.
"A year ago we started
"But we think that
DAVID SMART
working with infants
will improve," Coskun
whose mothers abused
says. "We have master's
alcohol and drugs while
and doctorate programs
pregnant," says Russell.
in our school, and we
"Our program seemed
think the number of
a real eye-opener to Sem-
master of science nurses
ra and Anahit. They
will improve."
were excited about what
With these goals in
nurses are doing here."
mind, Erdogan and Cos-
The two Eastern ob-
kun made several side
servers say the preva-
trips during their two-
lence of childhood
month stay, including
disease, TB, and mal-
Chicago, where they
nutrition in their part
visited Rush Univer-
of the world prompted
sity's College of Nurs-
their interest in how
ing; Washington, D.C.,
American child health
where they attended the
programs are set up.
American Colleges of
"In Turkey, some chil-
Nursing meeting; and
dren die of infectious di-
Gatlinburg, for a Ten-
seases, and some adults,"
nessee Nurses Associa-
says Erdogan.
tion gathering.
"Our aim is to teach
While at UT Memphis, they
Semra Erdogan and Parthenia
them about health and child exams.
observed in-training programs, pub-
Alexander Bowles check on a
There are many, many public health
lic health counseling, and bedside
pediatrics patient. "There are many,
systems in Turkey, but we would
nursing.
many machines around a child
like to observe, to find the best
"We have observed work in a
here," Erdogan said, contrasting
solution to our problem."
primary care clinic, a public health
treatment in Memphis with that
Rose Nealis, assistant professor
center, nurse-run clinics, Headstart
available in her native Turkey.
of maternal/child nursing, says the
physicals, the MED, St. Jude Chil-
Turkish nurses were surprised at the
dren's Research Hospital, Gailor
"I shared a lot of printed infor-
size and scope of LeBonheur Chil-
Clinic, the Boling Center for De-
mation on childhood handicaps
dren's Medical Center when they
velopmental Disabilities, the Shrine
with them, and that was probably
visited her there.
School for handicapped children,
the most helpful, apart from their
"Turkey still has isolation wards
Baptist Memorial Hospital-East,
seeing what we were doing in the
for mumps and measles and things
and a nursing home," Erdogan says.
Center."
like that which we basically don't
"The big difference between our
Russell says Erdogan and Coskun
see in hospitals here," Nealis says.
two countries is this: We are still
visited her at the Boling Center
The two nurses were perhaps
working to cure children's infec-
three times.
most curious about the role nurses
tious diseases, like measles and tu-
"Semra and Anahit were inter-
play in the American health care
berculosis, and malnutrition," she
ested in the way we put research
system.
34
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
"We need to learn the health sys-
If the Turkish nurses envy Amer-
solution to the Turkish nursing
tem's organization, especially nurs-
ican nurses their autonomy, they
shortage lies in improving working
ing's role in this system," Erdogan
also envy their abundance.
conditions and education.
says.
Despite a growing shortage of
"Nurses are generally tired, and
Part of the reason for their fas-
nurses in this country, American
many women and girls don't want
cination is the lack of prestige nurs-
nurses are still far more numerous
to be a nurse. Their salary is not
ing carries in Turkey.
than their Eastern counterparts.
enough," says Erdogan.
"My students were shocked when
"There is a total of 65,000 nurses
They plan to use their experi-
Semra and Anahit told them that
employed in Turkey," says Erdogan.
ence in Memphis to compile nurs-
nurses in Turkey clean the floors
"We need 100,000 more to fill the
ing journal articles and to offer
and prepare the food," Nealis says.
gap. At present, there is one nurse
information to administrators at
"There is no such thing as a dispos-
to every 1,561 people."
Florence Nightingale and other
able nipple or bottle. Everything
Part of the reason nurses are in
hospitals. They will also teach their
must be sterilized."
short supply is that their duties, like
students what they have learned.
Coskun and Erdogan-were sur-
housekeeping, cover much more
Both report a chronic shortage of
prised in their turn, too.
than patient care.
Turkish nursing textbooks.
"We were amazed that Ameri-
But Turkish lack of technology
"We have to read some Ameri-
cans use syringes and throw them
overshadows the situation. Asked
can and some English books," Er-
away. We have reusable glass sy-
if there were anything from the
dogan says. "Some of our friends
ringes that we wash and use over
United States they would like to
wrote Turkish books about nursing,
and over again," says Coskun.
but it's not enough."
Turkish nurses also have little
We were amazed
Consequently, they spend much
input into the medical hierarchy,
of their time translating English
carrying out virtually all patient
texts for their students. The UT
care tasks only under doctors'
that Americans use
faculty tried to help them collect al
orders.
syringes and throw
wide variety of printed material
"We saw American health de-
partment practical nurses who work
them away. We have
before the pair returned to Istanbul.
"I gave them textbooks, exams,
independently and write prescrip-
reusable glass syringes
syllabuses, modules, and articles,"
tions," says Coskun of their visit,
that we wash and use
says Smith.
"but we have no similar program.
When it was finally time to say
Generally we work by physicians'
over and over again.
good-bye, Erdogan and Coskun
orders. We work separately only on
bedside applications."
Anahit Coskun
both said they had not felt home-
sick for a moment during their stay
"They don't have the physical
in Memphis.
assessment skills that our nurses
take back to Turkey, the nurses said
Instead, they were seized by a
have," Nealis says. "Perhaps because
their country critically needs moni-
kind of nostalgia for the people they
of that, they told us they did not
toring equipment, particularly for
had met.
want their daughters to go into
intensive care units.
"We believe we will be homesick
nursing because there was no re-
"We have some equipment in
about Memphis," said Erdogan.
spect for them. They think it's won-
Turkey, but in America there is
"Everybody was nice, helpful,
derful here, but basically Turkey
more improved technology. There
kind, and friendly.
operates on the diploma school
are many, many machines around a
"When we chill, they brought
model you saw here in the late '30s
child here," Erdogan says.
us coats."
and early '40s."
"In Turkey, we must observe all
And did anything about the
Brenda Smith, associate profes-
symptoms, all signs, by hand, by
United States surprise them?
sor of maternal/child nursing, says
heart, by head, by sight, and by feel.
"Some people say to me, 'Don't
the two UT guests were anxious to
There aren't enough machines.
walk alone, especially in the dark.'
take home some locally available
"We saw American nurses sitting
That surprised me," Coskun says.
technology.
in hospitals, only writing. We are
"But more surprise is there were
"Turkey does not have all the
walking; we are running in Turkey."
many good, new friends," Erdogan
methods of birth control that are
The two say high technology is
added, smiling.
available here," she noted. "Semra
found only in a few private and uni-
and Anahit were very interested in
versity hospitals there.
Reprinted from the Nursing
the contraceptive sponge. In fact,
"Nursing is very easy in the
Alumni Magazine of UT Memphis
they took several dozen back. They
United States," Erdogan says, add-
thought the faculty at Florence
ing, "at least easier than Turkish
Nightingale would be intrigued
nursing."
with them," Smith says.
Erdogan and Coskun believe the
SUMMER 1989
35
TRADING PLACES
Women at UTK were ahead of their time when
it came to asserting themselves.
more than a half
popular at the time, and Tennesse-
caught.
M
century ago, wo-
ans, who were familiar with some of
In the form it took at UTK, the
men's activists were
the character types spoofed in the
Sadie Hawkins celebration spanned
rare. But students at
comic strip, were particularly fond
nearly a whole week, which in-
UT Knoxville came
of it. Sadie was
cluded not only the race, but also a
up with a way to give women the
backward dance. The girls were to
upper hand, at least for a
ask for dates, foot the bills, furnish
few days.
transportation, and "even do the
The year 1938 saw the
breaking at dances," the O&W
birth of a brief but popular
reported. Girls were to "wear the
campus tradition called Sadie
pants" on campus for the week.
Hawkins week. It was a turn-
The object, according to the
around from standard proce-
planners, was to show boys how
dure when girls asked boys for
girls wanted to be treated on
dates and paid the expenses.
dates and to relieve the males of
Although the tradition didn't
date expenses for a week. There
last long, it was the talk of the
may have been a little more en-
campus and a source of endless
thusiasm for the former intent
laughter and speculation.
than the latter. Actually, some
At about the same time, simi-
girls may have been more inter-
lar events were springing up at
ested in showing boys how not
campuses throughout the nation,
to treat females.
spurred by the popularity of Al
"My system for showing
Capp's "Li'l Abner" comic strip.
boys how girls want to be
The students at UTK, though,
treated on a date is to let the
claimed they had originated the
boys see how it feels to be let
idea, at least in its collegiate form.
down," said one.
The October 5, 1938, edition of the
"I can give the boys a
student newspaper, the Orange and
chance to see how it feels to
White, described the idea's origins:
sit at home," said another.
"It all started a few days ago
Amidst the flurry of preparation
when, during a bull session at the
for the week, which was endorsed
corner drug store, someone com-
A
by Dean Harriet Greve, came the
plained that the boys had to do all
barefoot twosome at the
added excitement of the possibility
the 'dirty work' and that it kept
Sadie Hawkins "backward"
that Al Capp, originator of "Li'l
them broke asking the girls to
dance. The women arranged
Abner," might attend. Although
dances and paying for rented cars.
and paid for the dates.
Capp later decided to delay his visit
All in fun, someone suggested that
until the following year, he wired
Sadie Hawkins Day should be
the ugliest woman in Dog Patch,
his endorsement of UTK's Sadie
observed at UT."
but her influential father was deter-
Hawkins week to Teddy Bomar,
Both men and women were
mined to help her get a husband.
one of the event's organizers.
involved in the initial planning for
He set aside a day for a foot race
It was a "swell" idea, Capp said.
the event, which grew in scope and
when unmarried women could
And he passed along an idea to
popularity in the succeeding weeks.
chase the town's eligible bachelors
make the dance even more festive.
"Li'l Abner" was immensely
and got to keep the ones they
"May I suggest that at the Sadie
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
36
Hawkins dance, the gentlemen in-
System, headquartered on
sist on their rights and be provided
Gay Street, offered a 15
by the ladies with expensive cor-
percent discount to girls
sages!" he wrote.
renting cars during the
PARK
Barbara Newman Bozeman ('43),
week. Breezy Wynn's pool
recalls that there were corsages, but
room, another student
they turned out to be made of tur-
haven, reserved a day just
ARTILLERY
nips rather than the "expensive"
for women. The only men
ones Capp suggested.
allowed were those whose
HERE
The entire Knoxville community
dates took them in. And
got into the Sadie Hawkins spirit.
East Tennessee Packing
"It's taken hold, not only on
Company loaned the stu-
the Hill, but all over town - this
dents a 90-pound white
Sadie Hawkins week!" the O&W
porker to pose as Li'l
trumpeted.
Abner's pig.
The Knoxville News-Sentinel
The dance at Alumni
offered a loving cup trophy for the
Gym highlighted the week's activi-
M
sorority selling the most tickets.
ties. Five hundred tickets were sold,
iscellaneous arms were
The cup was displayed at Ellis and
and when all those were gone, more
parked for safety's sake outside
Ernest drug store, the campus hang-
were printed. All the couples at-
"Yokum Hall."
out. The Dixie Drive-It-Yourself
tending dressed like characters in
"Li'l Abner," and faculty
influence, because the event was
and townspeople paid to sit
scaled back to a two-day, Friday and
in the balconies and watch
Saturday celebration rather than an
the show.
entire week.
"It's hard to tell who's
The Friday afternoon race fea-
had the most fun, boys or
tured three members of each soror-
girls, during Sadie Hawkins
ity and club group racing after
week," the O&W reported.
football captain Sam Bartholomew.
"But one thing is certain.
Once again, the dance was in
There will be a tremendous
Alumni Gym, festively and tempo-
clamor for the same thing
rarily renamed Dogpatch Lodge
next year."
Hall. The visit by Al Capp was a
But, when it came
feather in the cap of the planning
time to decide about repli-
committee.
cating the event in 1939,
"You bet, us'll be there," Capp
there were some around
wired from his Boston home. He
campus who were less than
joined in all the festivities with
enthusiastic.
enthusiasm.
"It strikes at the base of
"I had the time of my life Friday
the American home," one
night at Highland's (a Kingston
male sulked. "I can't think
Pike eatery and gathering spot)
of anything worse."
watching the girls worrying about
And a female student
paying the checks," he was reported
M
snapped:
as saying.
ales lost their traditional
"I think it's a waste of time and
At intermission of the dance,
prerogatives in the pool room
energy. Men are fickle and not
Capp sketched some of his cartoon
during Sadie Hawkins week.
worth it."
characters and signed hundreds of
The naysayers may have had an
autographs.
SUMMER 1989
37
The Dixie Drive-It-Yourself System,
headquartered on Gay Street, offered a 15 percent
discount to girls renting cars during the week.
S
forority
members
raced to
catch "Li'l
Abner."
The 1940 Volunteer de-
but no other events.
scribed the grand march, "the
Although its history was brief,
event of the evening," when
Sadie Hawkins week awakened
"all the women of Dogpatch
an amazing amount of public
dragged the men they had
interest. Male and female stu-
caught during the session before
dents alike enjoyed the "coun-
the mayor of Dogpatch to be le-
trified" antics (although there
gally hitched."
were some men who com-
In 1940, the event was similar.
plained when left sitting by
The race was run in the Rose
the phone waiting for dates).
Hole, a sunken recreation area
Even today, Sadie Hawkins
next to the present-day Ramsey's
days still are celebrated
Cafeteria. Norbert Ackermann,
occasionally, mostly at high
football captain, was the catch.
schools. UTK, though, can
Prizes were carved out of polished
always look back to 1938,
walnut - a horseshoe for the race
when an idle conversation
winner, a rolling pin for the best
at the corner drug store
girl's costume, a jug for the winning
started a tradition. - DB
boy's costume, and a pig for the or-
ganization selling the most tickets
to the dance.
By 1941, with the military begin-
ning to conscript many of the male
students, the Sadie Hawkins cele-
louples entered the dance
bration dwindled. The Orange and
through "Mose's Cave."
White reported a "backward dance,"
38
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
THE DEFENSE CALLS
RANDY BRESEE
By VICKI JOHNS
ШИНС
Courtroom and classroom are familiar turf for this textile expert.
TOM OWENS
andy Bresee uses
chemistry in practical
ways. He's a practical man, this as-
sociate professor of textiles in
UTK's College of Human Ecology.
He turned to the clothing and tex-
tiles field - after earning two chem-
istry degrees - so he could use his
training and keep from starving.
"There was a recession on when
I finished my second degree in
chemistry, and I couldn't get a job.
But I had a girlfriend who was a
home economics major, and one
day when I was waiting for her in
the lounge of the home economics
building, I found an inch-thick
stack of job openings on the coffee
table in front of me. About half
of them were applied chemistry!
I decided to go back to school and
get a degree in textiles, because
I wanted to apply the chemistry I
knew."
His textiles training led him
into the specialized area of forensic
analysis - the study of fiber transfer
and textile properties that can help
pinpoint what happened at the
scene of a crime.
"You lose fibers by the hundreds
Involvement in such courtroom
Bresee always keeps his skepticism
everywhere you go," Dr. Bresee says.
conflicts as Atlanta's Wayne
about him, a trait that served him
"A"scuffle between two people will
Williams murder case has brought
well during his work on Atlanta's
result in their transferring fibers to
UTK's Randy Bresee international
Wayne Williams case in 1982.
each other, and those fibers can be
recognition as a textiles authority.
Williams was charged with the
analyzed. Because I did my first two
murder of two men whose bodies
or three analysis cases for the de-
textile evidence the prosecutor
were found in the Chattahoochee
fense, I was labeled a defense wit-
has? I then check to see if any
River, supposedly covered with
ness. In that light, I ask, 'What if
errors have been made in collecting
fibers from Williams' clothing. That
the accused did not commit this
and analyzing textile evidence."
didn't make sense to Dr. Bresee,
crime? How do you explain the
Like any good investigator, Dr.
who explains that you lose almost
SUMMER 1989
39
<<<<<<<
all fibers transferred to you from
year when Meryl Streep played
another person after four to eight
Chamberlain in the movie A Cry in
hours of normal activity.
the Dark.
"Those bodies had been in the
The defense lawyers called Dr.
river for three to five days. One of
Bresee while the case was being
them was nude and the other was
tried. Although no body had been
nude except for a pair of briefs. I
recovered and no motive for the
got a pillowcase,
thought, 'Now, wait a minute.
murder established, investigators
These bodies have had water
had found the baby's ripped and
draped it on a stick and
pounding against them day after
bloodstained jumpsuit. The prose-
waded out in the river
day and have suffered what you call
cutors were using this jumpsuit to
skin slippage, where the tissue
build a case against Chamberlain.
about 20 or 30 feet. L
underneath the skin has discon-
Their textile analyst, British fo-
was hoping the weave of
nected. If the skin will barely hang
rensics expert James Cameron, said
on the body, how could Williams'
the tears in the jumpsuit were
the pillowcase would
fibers still be attached?"
caused by scissors, since dingo dogs
Dr. Bresee also had another
filter fibers in
could not make straight cuts with
point to make: There are carpet
their teeth. The defense lawyers
the river.
mills all along the rivers in the
wanted to know how to establish
Atlanta area, and the fibers could
the truth or falseness of this claim.
have come from them. So the pro-
"I told them to get aijumpsuit
secutors' claim that the river had
like the one the baby was wearing,
been checked for fibers but none
stuff it with hamburger, throw it to
had been found aroused Dr. Bresee's
the dingos, and then retrieve the
suspicions even more.
fabric and study the fractures to see
"I did my own experiment. I got
if they cut it with their teeth or tore
a pillowcase, draped it on a stick,
it to get at the hamburger," Dr.
and waded out in the river about 20
Bresee says.
or 30 feet. I was hoping the weave
"People don't understand that
of the pillowcase would filter out
science takes time. The defense
fibers in the river. So I just stood
lawyers wanted to do the test the
there for a while, filtering river wa-
very next day. I explained it would
ter, to see if I'd catch any fibers.
take months to do it properly. The
then I went back to the lab and
experiment had to be repeated
started counting them. I finally quit
several times to ensure the consis-
when I reached 400. That river was
tency of the results, and it couldn't
full of fibers, and I testified that it
be finished before the end of the
was the likely source of fibers on
trial. So they decided to take their
the victims. I think the prosecutors'
chances in the courtroom, and
arguments literally did not hold
Chamberlain was convicted."
water!"
But that wasn't the end of the
Despite Dr. Bresee's experiment,
matter. Dr. Bresee got another call
the prosecution continued to argue
from the defense lawyers after the
Williams' guilt on the basis of fibers
conviction, and he advised them to
found in his home, his car, and
have analysts in Sydney perform
on the victims. He was eventually
the hamburger test. They found
convicted and sentenced to life
that dingo dogs could indeed make
imprisonment.
scissorlike cuts with their teeth.
Perhaps because of his work on
However, each time the defense
the highly publicized Williams case
presented the evidence to the pro-
and his articles in such publications
secution, Cameron would make a
as Forensic Science International, Dr.
new claim that the defense analysts
Bresee also was consulted by defense
would have to refute. After three
lawyers in the Australian "Dingo
tries in a row, Dr. Bresee and the
case" in 1982. Lindy Chamberlain
Australian analysts finally scored a
was accused of murdering her infant
victory: after finding inconsisten-
daughter, but she insisted the baby
cies in the way the prosecution had
was eaten by dingo dogs. The case
handled all types of evidence con-
drew international attention last
nected with the case, the Austra-
40
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
lian Supreme Court called Dr.
our history and our culture. They
in understanding and explaining
Bresee to testify about the textile
shouldn't be lost. A fragment of
the process, so I came to Tennessee
evidence. After seeing the docu-
fabric found on an archaeological
to work on these problems along
ments and photographs of the tests
dig may be thousands of years old,
with other faculty.
compiled by the defense analysts
degraded by sunlight and bacteria,
"Non-wovens are good as dispos-
and hearing Dr. Bresee's evaluation
and museum curators may not un-
able items because they are cheap
of the handling of the textile evi-
derstand how to preserve it. Some-
to produce. If you go into the hos-
dence, the Supreme Court agreed to
times textile conservators will ask
pital, you'll find that disposable
reopen the case for examination.
me to analyze fabric and suggest
items - the surgeons' face masks,
Chamberlain was pardoned by the
how it should be handled. Or they
surgical gowns, patient drapes - are
government in June 1987, and in
will ask me specific questions like,
non-woven. And, because the tex-
September 1988 a Darwin court
'What if you wet-clean this mate-
ture of non-wovens is so fine, they
overturned her conviction.
rial; what are the benefits and what
have lots of surface area and can
Doing forensic analysis in famous
are the costs in terms of damage to
absorb things and filter things out.
criminal cases is enjoyable because
it?"
So, you find them in automobile air
of the travelling and publicity, Dr.
Dr. Bresee honed his interest in
filters, oil filters, and water filters.
Bresee says. But intense cross-
textiles and in forensic and histori-
When we better understand the
examination is stressful, and it's
cal analysis at Kansas State Uni-
process of making them, we can
not pleasant seeing defendants con-
versity, where he taught and did
make them stronger or thicker or
victed whom textile evidence seems
research for eight years before
stretchier or whatever."
to exonerate.
coming to Tennessee.
Dr. Bresee passes on some of his
One such case was that of a
"People think of Kansas as the
knowledge in his undergraduate
Mississippi teenager charged with
wheat state, but it's really cowboy
textile testing classes, showing stu-
a woman's murder. Two children
country. I rubbed shoulders with
dents how to measure properties of
claimed to be eyewitnesses. The de-
the cowboys and learned to recog-
textiles that the layperson doesn't
fendant, who had never been con-
nize a good fast horse. I did com-
think about, such as strength,
victed of anything more serious
petitive steer roping and helped
weight, abrasion resistance, wrinkle
than petty theft, denied the
people drive cattle from summer
resistance, optical properties like
charges.
pastures to winter pastures. I really
dullness or luster, stiffness, and
"The defense attorney asked me,
enjoyed that cowboy culture."
water absorption. At the graduate
'If he did do it, what textile evi-
He had to hang up his spurs,
level, he teaches a course in surface
dence should we find? I told him
though, when new textile technol-
analysis techniques, reviewing stan-
that he should find the defendant's
ogy lured him to Tennessee.
dard techniques and working with
fibers on the victim. I analyzed the
"Things are really on the up-
his students to develop new ones.
defendant's clothing to see how apt
swing here in Tennessee. In tradi-
This is particularly important in
it was to lose fibers. I found that his
tional textiles, you spin yarns and
working with melt-blown fibers, he
clothing transferred more fibers
weave them. That's not a big
says, because the fibers' tiny size
than anything I'd ever seen in my
growth area in the United States
means that they have an enormous
life, yet they didn't find one fiber
right now because it's labor inten-
surface area to be analyzed.
off his clothing at the murder scene.
sive and, therefore, can't compete
Because of the diversity of his in-
I estimated how many fibers you
with foreign textiles manufacturers.
terests, Dr. Bresee's future research
would expect to transfer, based on
"But the textiles department at
plans could include anything from
the weight of the victim, surface
Tennessee has carved out a niche
non-woven processing to more
area of the fibers, and the vicious-
for itself in the innovation of non-
forensic analysis. But no matter
ness of the struggle that supposedly
woven materials. We're the only
what he tries, he'll probably tackle
occurred, and I also did a demon-
university in the world that has a
it with the same attitude he learned
stration for the jury. I took the kid's
melt-blowing facility on our prem-
when he was handling wild horses
jacket sleeve, wiped it on a black
ises for developing these non-
in Kansas: "I've never been bucked
velvet board, and showed them how
woven fabrics. That's important,
off a horse. No, you'll never find a
it left hundreds of fibers. But he was
because commercial producers
real cowboy who's been bucked
convicted."
make these products and sell them,
off - they just conveniently decide
In the less stressful area of his-
but they don't really understand the
to dismount, that's all."
toric textile analysis, questions and
science of melt-blowing. They
answers don't involve life or death,
dump a polymer into the extruder
Vicki Johns is editorial assistant
but Dr. Bresee's work still has quite
and a fabric comes out the other
in the UTK Office of University
an impact on our understanding of
end very quickly, but they don't
Communications.
culture.
quite understand how it happens.
"There are many irreplaceable
To improve the product and expand
pieces of fabric that tell us about
its uses, I wanted to do some work
SUMMER 1989
41
FAME AND FORTUNE
By TOM MATTINGLY
Bob Johnson's in the college football Hall of Fame, and his
business fortunes are on the upswing, too.
ore than 20 years
after his last snap
at Tennessee, the
applause continues
for Bob Johnson
(UTK '68).
Earlier this year, the former Vol
center and All-American was named
Tennessee's 13th member of the
National Football Foundation's
College Football Hall of Fame. It's
another in a series of honors for
Johnson, who may well be the most
decorated player in Vol football
history.
After 12 years with the Cincin-
nati Bengals, he's now president of
51
Imperial Adhesives Inc., a Cincin-
nati-based firm that manufactures
adhesives, solvents, finishes, and
cleaners primarily for the footwear,
automotive, furniture, and packag-
ing industries. He's led the company
since 1980 and seen its sales grow
1803
from $8 million to $23 million.
But he's also been a leader in the
community, serving as president of
the Greater Cincinnati Boy Scout
Council, state chairman of the
American Cancer Society, on the
board of Junior Achievement and,
most recently, on the board of
the Cincinnati United Appeal/
Community Chest fund drive.
Pat Harmon, sports editor of the
In 1967, he won the Jacobs
Bob Johnson (number 54) blocks
Cincinnati Post from 1951 through
Trophy, emblematic of the SEC's
for Dewey Warren.
1985, praises Johnson.
best blocker, and was named the
"I can't think of a person who's
SEC's Most Outstanding Lineman
tion Scholar Athlete, receiving an
displayed more outstanding qual-
by the Birmingham Touchdown
engraved silver bowl and a $500
ities of community service," Har-
Club. He played in the Senior Bowl
graduate fellowship to the university
mon says. "He's very active in all
and College All-Star game in 1968.
of his choice.
areas of the community. People
He shared the Simpson Theatre
He was an Academic All-SEC
look up to him as a leader."
Award as the team's most outstand-
selection in 1966 and 1967 and
As a player, Johnson was part of
ing lineman with teammate John
earned Academic All-American
the resurgence of Tennessee foot-
Boynton.
honors in 1967, carrying a "B+"
ball in the mid-1960s under Doug
Johnson also did well in the class-
average in engineering. He also re-
Dickey. He earned All-SEC and All-
room. During his senior year, he was
ceived the Knoxville Journal Trophy
American honors in 1966 and 1967.
named a National Football Founda-
awarded to the senior with the high-
42
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
est academic average.
Both Dickey and Brown
But Johnson thinks he could
FRANK PAINTER
built their offensive lines
have done better.
around Johnson and, within
"I would say my grades could
three years, the results were
have been better. A "B" aver-
obvious. In Johnson's third
age is OK, but I can't say I was
year at Tennessee, the Vols
a great academician.
won the SEC. In his third
"I graduated in engineering.
year at Cincinnati, the
If I had been in something like
Bengals made the playoffs for
liberal arts, I probably wouldn't
the first time.
have done as well. I don't
He is particularly proud of
think I studied as much as I
his offensive linemates at
could have. In engineering I
Tennessee.
really believed that you didn't
"I really believe that, of
miss class, and I missed very
any team I've ever been on,
few. If you listen well, you can
the 1967 offensive line was
solve the problems and pass
the heartbeat of that team,"
the tests."
Johnson says. "No matter
In 1968, he was the first
who played quarterback or
player ever drafted by the Cin-
who played running back,
cinnati Bengals. It was a sur-
we had a fine running game.
prise of sorts as Johnson had
We ran the ball great against
heard that the Chicago Bears,
Alabama. When we got a
drafting sixth, were planning
team that couldn't stand up
to take him as a defensive end.
to us, it wasn't a game.
But Paul Brown, knowing his
Against Tulane, we ran the
expansion Bengals had to be strong
Bob Johnson today is a community
leader and successful businessman
same play eight of 10 times, maybe
up front, beat the Bears to the draw
in Cincinnati.
eight of 13 times, and were ahead
and drafted Johnson.
28-0 midway in the second period.
He was captain of the Bengals 11
It's been quite a journey for the
"That line - Boynton, Charlie
of his 12 years with the team. (He
young man from Cleveland, Ten-
Rosenfelder, me, Joe Graham, and
came out of retirement in 1979 when
nessee, who was Doug Dickey's first
Elliott Gammage - turned out to
the team needed a long snapper at
recruit after his arrival on the Hill
be a great one. Boynton was mag-
mid-season.) He is the only Bengal
in late 1963. Johnson is quick to
nificent, probably better than his
player to have his jersey retired.
point out that Dickey is one of two
athletic ability would allow. You go
That same year, Johnson was se-
men who have been significant in-
back and watch those films and he
lected to The Atlanta Journal's All-
fluences in his life and career. Both
was terrific. Elliott Gammage was a
Time Southeastern Conference
are coaches - Dickey and Paul
great athlete. If he'd been a tight
team, joining Bob Suffridge, Steve
Brown - men Johnson sees as re-
end, he might well have been in
DeLong, and Beattie Feathers as
markably similar in character and
the pros. I remember him outrun-
Vol representatives.
ability, men whose examples he fol-
ning Chadwick at 100 yards in the
In 1975, he was selected to the
lows to this day as president of his
off-season.
All-SEC Quarter Century team
own company.
"In different ways, Rosenfelder
along with former Vols Doug At-
"I looka the people Ilearned
and Boynton were two of the most
kins, John Majors, Ted Daffer, and
from," Johnson says. "I think Coach
intense players I'd ever been
George Hunt.
Dickey and Paul Brown are cut
around. Joe Graham was a very
In 1988, he was named "Distin-
from the same cloth. They're analy-
talented athlete who had a terrible
guished American" by the Cin-
tical. They make decisions with
knee. But it was a coaching coup
cinnati chapter of the National
their heads.
that he ended up playing at that
Football Foundation and Hall of
"They're both good, fair people.
guard position. We didn't pull
Fame and this year was similarly
They don't play favorites.
guards that much and it allowed
honored by the East Tennessee
"In our senior year, Walter Chad-
him to play with a marginal knee."
Chapter. The award is given an-
wick was a big-name player. But
Johnson carries the team concept
nually by Hall of Fame chapters
Coach Dickey gave him no sympa-
into his business.
across the country to a former foot-
thy when he had a couple of what I
"I'm really enjoying this business.
ball player who "distinguishes
thought were moderately minor in-
Another guy and I bought it five
himself after his playing days as a
fractions of team rules. Coach Dick-
years ago. It's been challenging and
community leader and who contin-
ey gave him no slack, even though
fun. We're looking to become more
ues to promote the game of football."
he was a starter and All-SEC."
and more a significant force in the
SUMMER 1989
43
Doug Dickey, right,
was Volunteer coach
during Bob Johnson's
playing days. Johnson
ranks Dickey as one of
the strongest influences
in his life.
adhesive industry.
Kenny Anderson and a lot of other
pro football halls of fame).
"In a lot of ways, I'm the head
people.
"I've got to say I was genuinely
coach here. The ultimate responsi-
"It's terribly flattering. I think it
surprised to be selected," Johnson
bility lies on my shoulders. We're
had something to do with the fact
admits. "There were a lot of people
going through a reorganization, do-
that I was the first guy. I played a lot
I would have perceived to be bigger
ing some things that are going to
in those first years and helped get
names. I would assume there would
hurt some people's feelings. I've
the franchise started."
be a lot more skilled position people
really been struggling with this. But
After he retired from the Ben-
selected than linemen. It's a real
I know it's the right thing to do.
gals, Johnson continued to be part
thrill for me."
"Last night, I said 'O.K. Johnson,
of the team, serving as an analyst on
Johnson looks forward to the Hall
you've got to make yourself do this
the Bengals' broadcast crew.
of Fame dinner in December in
because it's the right thing for the
"I was an announcer, but one
New York and hopes his son, a high
whole team.' Even though I struggle
without a lot of depth," he says. "I
school football player, can go, too.
with hurting people's feelings, I sit
was sitting there watching my team-
"It would be a really neat night
and think, what would the people
mates play. I had a prejudiced au-
for him," he says. "It'll be exciting
whose management styles I admire,
dience, so I could be a cheerleader.
for me, too. I went 20 years ago as a
like Coach Dickey and Coach
I knew who the players were by the
scholar athlete. This time I'll be
Brown, do about this? They would
way they walked. I didn't even have
skinnier and have less hair."
bite the bullet and do what's right
to look at their jersey numbers."
Longtime UT trustee and Vol
for the team."
Johnson says the significance of
football observer Tom Elam sums
Johnson was the consummate
his Hall of Fame selection hit him
up Johnson's strong points. "There's
team player, and Brown recognized
when he realized the other Tennes-
no young man I have ever known as
Johnson's contributions to the Ben-
see Volunteers who already were
a football player at Tennessee who
gals' franchise by retiring his orange
enshrined.
would serve any better as a role
and black number 54 jersey in a
He joins legendary Coach Rob-
model as an athlete, a student, and
touching ceremony at midfield at
ert R. Neyland, current Vol Coach
all around class guy. He's a great
Riverfront Stadium in 1979.
John Majors, Gene McEver, Beattie
one."
"You'd almost have to get inside
Feathers, Nathan W. Dougherty,
Paul Brown's head," Johnson says
George Cafego, Bowden Wyatt,
Tom Mattingly (UTK '70, '77)
about the retiring of his jersey. "I'm
Herman Hickman, Bobby Dodd,
is editor of VOLUNTEERS
still the only Bengal with his jersey
Bob Suffridge, Hank Lauricella, and
Magazine, a publication of the
retired. I'm certainly not the best
Doug Atkins (the only former Vol
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
player the Bengals ever had. There's
enshrined in both the college and
Athletics Department.
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
44
Walt Disney Pictures
his a his match advance dis- her
covered Here's parents own Baby! in by the the Baby deep cruel is a dark Dr. small a
from her life evil and, pursuers. in a desperate and her husband. jungle adventure George
WALT DISNEY PICTURES BABY THE 5
EARLY
ou've stopped by
automatically to rattle off a
Y
the local library to
few titles or hand you a list
get a book for your
and point you in the direc-
START
child. You're in a
tion of the children's section,
hurry and you're not quite
you may be in for a surprise.
sure what you want. The
She may ask a lot of ques-
You're never too
librarian looks fairly friendly,
tions - how old is the child?
young to enjoy
so you ask her to recommend
What are his interests? What
Photograph by Don Dudenbostel
good books.
a good book for your two-
By MARY SIZEMORE
year-old. If you expect her
are you reading to him now? What
"I think a love of literature
"There was an awful period a
are his favorite games and toys?
begins with exposing children to
few years ago in which children's
Probably not until the librarian is
quality books starting in infancy.
writers tried to clean up the endings
satisfied she has a fairly clear pic-
We can't wait until they're in
and rework parts of the tales to
ture of your child's interests and
kindergarten; we have to start in
make them more 'palatable' for the
level of understanding will she sug-
the home. If we can provide chil-
child, or more truthfully, what
gest reading material.
dren with good books at an early
adults think is more palatable," he
In n other words, if you're serious
age, we make readers out of them -
says.
people who appreciate language
"The parents may feel better
about choosing the right books for
and can communicate in an articu-
about the revised story, but the kids
your child and you seek a librarian's
late manner," he says.
are confused. For example, in the
advice, be prepared to spend a little
Margaret Dickson (UTK '37,
Little Red Riding Hood story, chil-
time, because people who work
'40) longtime children's librarian
dren wonder how in the world Lit-
with children's books love them
at Knoxville's Lawson-McGhee
tle Red Riding Hood emerges intact
and love to talk about them. And
Library, echoes Estes' assertion that
after the wolf who eats her is cut
don't expect them to agree meekly
children need to be introduced to
open - which didn't happen in
with what you may think of a par-
books early on.
the original story at all. It just
ticular book or author. Children's
"It's never too soon to start read-
doesn't make any sense, especially
librarians tend to be rather opinion-
ing to children," says Dickson.
if the child has any notion of how
ated about the subject and don't
"Some women tell me they read to
the digestive system works," says
mind sharing those opinions. Their
their unborn children. I'm not sure
the professor.
strong feelings, however, grow out
it does any good, but it certainly
"Fortunately, there's an inter-
of a belief in the importance of
doesn't hurt!
national effort now toward estab-
children's literature in a child's edu-
"When you read to very young
lishing authenticity in folktales,
cational and social development.
children, there will be many words
resulting in libraries holding better
Professor Glenn Estes of UTK's
they don't understand. But they'll
retellings of the tales in their col-
School of Library and Information
remember those unfamiliar words
lections," he says.
Science has definite ideas on the
and recognize them the next time
Dickson agrees. "Folktales were
value of children's literature and
they're read. This helps develop a
really meant for adults," she says.
the criteria for determining its qual-
good vocabulary. And besides that,
"I'm against cleaning up folktales to
ity. Estes, twice appointed to serve
a great deal of bonding takes place
make them more palatable. If you
on the prestigious Newbery/Calde-
between parent and child when
can't take the real thing, don't
cott Award selection committee
they are reading together, which is
take it."
that chooses each year's most out-
valuable in itself."
Estes sees children's literature as
standing children's books, is recog-
a viable area of study apart from its
nized as an authority on children's
ickson believes good books
role in child development.
literature. Teaching future librar-
also stimulate creativity and imagi-
"There is a body of literature
ians how to judge the quality of
nation. "They allow children to ex-
intact which can be studied, and a
children's books is a primary com-
plore new ideas and experiences.
systematic study of these works can
ponent of his course, and in the
Their wonderful imaginations let
help scholars establish criteria for
process, he leaves little room for
the characters be whatever the
determining what is good and what
doubt as to his own opinions.
child wants them to be. Television
is bad literature," says Estes. "Also, I
doesn't allow this freedom," says
think children's literature is like
stes' students can easily recog-
Dickson.
adult literature in that it reflects
nize the disapproving expression he
Folktales, a perennial source of
the time in which it was written.
assumes when discussing a book he
material for children's books, always
Oftentimes, children's books are
finds unacceptable. There are cer-
have been popular. But the stories
more precise than adult books in
tain books, he admonishes his
found in children's collections often
terms of presenting an accurate
classes, that "no self-respecting li-
are not the original tales, and these
description of a particular period.
brarian would be caught dead with
adaptations are unacceptable to
"A good example is Laura Ingalls
on her shelf." Students often laugh
many librarians.
Wilder. Reading her books is almost
at the statement, but Estes is se-
"I have a problem with watered-
like seeing a photograph of the era.
rious. His insistence results from his
down folktales," says Estes. "A child
Adult literature isn't always so de-
contention that good books are
probably won't have the maturity to
scriptive. For this reason, children's
invaluable because they foster a
appreciate the authentic tale until
literature can be studied from a
lifelong appreciation of literature.
he reaches the third or fourth grade.
sociological standpoint as well."
46
THE TENNESSEE ALUMNUS
TOM OWENS
Story time at Knoxville's Lawson-McGhee Library helps introduce
children to good literature.
T
he adds. "Parents often overlook
ful in these situations. Guiding a
here's certainly no lack of lit-
the librarian as an aid in selection."
child to better material is what chil-
erature available for study. Just take
"When a parent asks me for help
dren's librarians are best at doing."
a look at the children's section of
in choosing a book for a child," says
any bookstore and you'll see why
Dickson, "I ask as many questions
T
he worst-case scenario is, of
trying to select the right book can
as I can without being nosey. I keep
course, that your child doesn't like
be confusing.
plugging away until I get enough
to read, doesn't like being read to,
Estes offers some practical advice
information to be able to make
doesn't like books. Period.
for parents on choosing appropriate
suggestions."
In that case, Estes says, don't
reading material. "I would suggest
that parents use the excellent selec-
B
give up. "My advice is to keep at it.
ut what if your child doesn't
Have books around, talk at the din-
tion aids available that introduce
like what you bring home? What if
ner table about a good story you've
them to the basic criteria for judg-
he only wants you to read the same
just read," he says. "But to be real-
ing children's books. These sources
book over and over again? Or, if
istic, there are children who don't
help them understand the genres of
he already reads, what if he insists
read and who will never read, and
literature available for different age
upon reading books you feel are
we need to accept that.
levels.
mediocre at best?
"John Rowe Townsend, a re-
"They also contain lists of books
Take the child's current reading
spected authority on children's lit-
thought to be of quality by more
habits as a starting point for encour-
erature, once wrote that there are
than just one person. These lists
aging better kinds of reading, Estes
times when children need to be on
contain the classics as well as con-
suggests.
the playground, and there's nothing
temporary works. Choosing Books for
"I've never believed in saying to
wrong with that. Townsend said we
Kids by Joanne Oppenheim, Bar-
a child, 'that's no good - don't
should respect these times," Estes
bara Brenner, and Betty Boegehold
read that.' Rather, the parent
says, "and not think that reading is
and The New York Times Parents'
should be aware of what the child is
the most important thing in life."
Guide to the Best Books for Chil-
reading, and know enough about
Enthusiasm about, and knowl-
dren by Eden Ross Lipson are two
children's literature to find a book
edge of, children's books is not
sources I recommend highly," Estes
that is similar to what the child
limited to libraries. It can be found
says.
likes - but of higher quality — and
in retail bookstores, too. Pat Price,
"I also encourage parents to use
plug the better book in," he says.
coordinator of the children's sec-
professionally-trained librarians,"
"The librarian can be very help-
tion at Davis-Kidd Booksellers in
SUMMER 1989
47
Knoxville, takes her responsibilities
raccoon lives behind her house.
seriously. She reads all the chil-
I've never believed
Moments later, not to be outdone,
dren's books she can and keeps tabs
Lauren, a tiny blond three-year-old,
on the rest by constantly perusing
in saying to a child,
announces that a fox lives in her
publishers' magazines.
S
"that's no good -
backyard. Little expresses proper
amazement, and Lauren quickly
he's animated when she talks
don't read that."
adds, "But he's a nice fox!"
about children's books, frequently
jumping up to take a book off the
erhaps that is why children's
shelf, showing what's good about
books are so special - they make
this particular author or illustrator,
anything seem possible. Unques-
or not so good about that one. She
It's that unknown factor that fasci-
tioning belief in the fantastic is a
points to certain classics with time-
nates them, and they're really sin-
gift children have, a gift that regret-
less appeal such as the Babar and
cere about wanting to know. It's not
tably dims as we grow older. Good
Curious George books or Anne of
a frivolous interest," she says.
children's writers understand the
Green Gables, which Price tries
Heffernan read a good deal as a
nature of a child's imagination and
always to keep on the shelf.
child. But when she began working
the wonderful worlds contained
"I'm happy to say these kinds of
in bookstores, she was surprised at
therein.
books always sell," Price says. "But
the changes that had occurred since
In accepting his second Calde-
kids don't automatically go for the
her childhood.
cott Award, children's book illustra-
good books; they need guidance."
"There were still many of the old
tor Chris Van Allsburg expressed
Apple Tree Bookstore's Mary
favorites, but there also was a whole
why he thinks the imagination is SO
Ann Heffernan (UTK '85) has
body of literature out there I had
vital - to adults and children.
been working in retail bookstores
never heard of. In the process of
for the past ten years - a period of
reacquainting myself with chil-
Santa is our culture's only
remarkable change in children's
dren's books, I discovered I loved
mythic figure, truly believed in
publishing.
them."
by a large segment of the
"There's been a tremendous up-
A
population. It's a fact that
surge in the number of books pub-
dults can discuss the relative
most of the true believers are
lished for children," she says. "It
value of children's literature all day.
under eight years old, and
was as if all at once publishers real-
But the important thing is - what
that's a pity. The rationality
ized there was a large untapped
do the kids think?
we all embrace as adults makes
market out there. Previously, chil-
A visit to a children's book-
believing in the fantastic
dren's books were almost solely
reading session dispels any doubts
difficult if not impossible.
marketed toward libraries, but that's
that, for the most part, they love
Lucky are the children who
changed now."
books. Myra Little reads children's
know there is a jolly fat man in
books every Saturday at Knoxville's
a red suit who pilots a flying
ecent years have brought
Apple Tree Bookstore. As she starts
sleigh. We should envy them.
marked changes in content as well.
reading the first book, children that
And we should envy the
This change is most evident in non-
only moments earlier were chatter-
people who are SO certain
fiction, according to Heffernan.
ing loudly and ignoring parental
Martians will land in their
The current popularity of dinosaur
admonitions become quiet and in-
backyard that they keep a
books is a perfect example.
tensely interested. Piped-in music
loaded Polaroid by the back
"When I was a kid," says Heffer-
and noisy customers do not distract
door. The inclination to
nan, "there were many books about
the children's attention from stories
believe in the fantastic may
outer space and astronauts. At that
about a green-nosed grandma who
strike some as a failure in logic
time, space was mysterious; there
is really an alien or a little boy who
or gullibility, but it's really a
were a lot of unanswered questions.
takes his stuffed monkey shopping.
gift. A world that might have
Things that intrigued me as a child
T
Bigfoot and the Loch Ness
have been explained.
hey offer unsolicited com-
monster is clearly superior to
"Dinosaurs are compelling to
ments about the characters and
one that definitely does not.
children, I think, because they are
relate events of the stories to their
mysterious and there's still much we
own lives, sometimes rather imagi-
Mary Sizemore (UTK '80, '88),
don't know about them. Why did
natively. When Little begins
is a children's librarian in Charleston,
they disappear? Could a species
reading about animals who live in
South Carolina. She formerly was on
suddenly disappear like that today?
the wild, four-year-old Ann says a
the University Relations staff.
48
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The Biomedical Imaging Center consists of sophisticated machinery and highly trained
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YOURSE
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