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[Strom] Thurmond Fundraiser 4/11/90 [OA 6895]
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[Strom] Thurmond Fundraiser 4/11/90 [OA 6895]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron Files, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13713
Folder ID Number:
13713-003
Folder Title:
[Strom] Thurmond Fundraiser 4/11/90 [OA 6895]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
20
5
1
3
Peggy --
for strom thurmond,
will need info on Strom's kids -- their ages.
need to know basic bio of a fellow named Pitchfork Ben Tillman,
former Gov. of SC.
need to know Atwater's wifes name -- Sally?
Strom II 17 10/18/72
Nancy Moore 19 3/30/71
Julie 16 3/20/74
Paul 1B# 1/9/76
Senate Historian
224 -6900
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Mary Ehngood
857-4328
11:30
Nancy
Simpon
Warner
4/9
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Chartottesville
YES Warner/
2023
joMurkowski 6665 Dote CODEL
Middle East
YES Wendy Granm - 254- 6970 6381
Comm Futures -
Moding Commission
Dole 6521
charman
Simpson
Mcclure
Wray- N
Metzenbaum
Murkowski
4/10 Murkowsk, Thurmond 5972
Thornburgh
Warner
1633-2000
Wendy Gramm
Mike Moore - Director
9001
125 Marshal service
307-9600
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Whnoton
Kelly +
defenced ranking Judic
state liadership
this Hugo honesty for wave
not in state
ISLAND/SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
109
National Journal Ratings
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
racial fears voted and economic envies. And not many people participated. Only 99,000 Sout
Economic
46%
-
52%
38%
-
62%
Carolinians in the for President in 1940, and 96% of them voted Democratic-the highe
Social
66%
-
32%
62%
-
36%
68%
-
32%
66%
32%
governor, 1946, only 271,000 voted in a state of more than two million.
percentage nation. And in the Democratic primary in the year Strom Thurmond ran fc
Foreign
-
Key Votes
In the decades since, life in South Carolina has changed as much as in state: th
underdeveloped country has joined the First World. Today the state's incomes, discounted any for it
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
AGN
9) SDI Research
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
somewhat lower cost of living, are close to national levels; health standards are similar to the
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
3) Deficit Reduc
FOR
i the nation; education levels, though low, are now not far from the national Sout res
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
AGN
11) Aid to Contras
AGN
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice AGN
Carolina was helped upward for some years by the military bases clustered around average. Charlesto
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
AGN
12) Nuclear Testing
FOR
by the outmigration of Low Country blacks to the big cities of the Northeast. But that an
textile dotted the hilly up-country landscape around Greenville and Spartanburg,
helped mills along that by Mendel Rivers, chairman of the House Armed Services Committee), by th
Election Results
1988 general
Claudine Schneider (R)
145,218
(72%)
($443,267)
Ruth S. Morgenthau (D)
56,129
(28%)
the beginning. By the 1970s South Carolina became the most aggressive state in the South was onl ii
1988 primary
($328,335)
Claudine Schneider (R), unopposed
attracting new industry. It went over to Europe and enticed French and German firms to
1986 general
Claudine Schneider (R)
110,524
(72%)
($325,052)
major operations in the Piedmont and the Lowlands. It advertised its business climate set u]
Donald J. Ferry (D)
43,149
(28%)
($67,685)
translation: one of the lowest rates of unionization), its taxes (low), and its willingness to
local employers' needs (very high). Gradually, its standard of living moved up toward mee the
national average, even as that average was itself rising rapidly. And it has used some of tha
increase schools in affluence to upgrade the quality of its local work force, through public expenditure:
'Il as well as highways, teachers as well as policemen.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Much of this was made possible because South Carolina was relieved, quite against the will
IS white majority, of the burdens and stigma of racial segregation. Beginning in the 1950s, fewer of
people were kept from the polls by the poll tax, and turnouts surged as South Carolina became
Fifty years ago South Carolina was more like what is now called an underdeveloped country than
competitive 1964 and the in the presidential elections of 1952, 1956 and 1960. Then the Civil Rights Act of
part of an advanced country like the United States. Beneath its very thin veneer of rich people, it
Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended segregation of public accommodations and in
was the poorest state in the union, with income levels less than half the national average; its
workplace trend and brought blacks suddenly into the electorate. Politically, the reaction was the
levels of illiteracy and of disease were among the nation's highest. "In this country where natural
September 1964 and had indicated his disapproval of this process. But even while candidates in
rightward toward Republicans led by Strom Thurmond, who had turned Republican a sharp
growth borders on the semitropical," wrote the WPA Guide, "and midday heat in the summer is
prostrating except where sea breezes creep in under the thick foliage of live oak and myrtle or
was were denouncing school busing after a bus in one rural district had been burned, South Carolina
between the tall trunks of longleaf pine, there seems to be no hard grinding necessity for thinking
too much about money in the bank, fine clothes, and weather-tight houses. The outdoors is too
while 1970s. 30% of its voters were black, almost all of them solid national Democrats. early
Politically Almost South Carolina reached a not entirely uncomfortable equilibrium by the
learning to live with integration and getting on with the work of economic-development.
free, fishing is too good, and crops grow with only part of a year's work."
Some 43% of South Carolinians were black, almost all of them living in the Low Country-
there the white majority was polarized against them in the 1968 and 1972 presidential But
the swampy territory within 50 miles of the coast, where the great planters of the 18th and 19th
Carolina's were enough movable white votes to elect a Democratic governor in 1970 and to elections, South
century built rice paddies and cultivated exotic crops like indigo in the days before, as one South
Carolina politician put it in the 1850s, "Cotton is King." The great wealth of the Low Country
Frnest affluent whites have become a swing vote, loyal to Strom Thurmond but favorable
But less electoral votes for Jimmy Carter in 1976. Affluent whites vote heavily Republican. cast
planters was destroyed by the war they did more than any other southerners to provoke, but their
close Hollings, making most of South Carolina's gubernatorial elections over the last 20 to
pride and their way of life continued. "The Low Countryman himself will not change. He will
cry egislature indeed. They yearn on the one hand for an end to old-style politics, to control of years the
still have his afternoon nap, eat his rice, revere his ancestors. go hunting and fishing in season,
and take time out from his labors to entertain his friends and guests with courtesy, ease, and
the 1932, was Speaker of the House for all but four years from 1937 to 1972 and Blatt,
dected in the Senate Finance Committee from 1942 to 1972, when he retired at 84; Sol 1920,
shaired by an oligarchy of rural-based bosses: Edgar Brown, elected to the legislature in
graceful hospitality." Up-country South Carolina, settled by Scots-Irish and even Germans, with
few slaves before the Civil War, had begun 50 years ago to develop the lowest-wage of industries.
choke House off until he died in 1986; but on the other hand, they are afraid that higher taxes served will in
textiles. "Enterprising businessmen came in and established cotton mills, built towns around
hanges "n lives. they have seen in South Carolina in the last generation-both around them and in their
growth. They are people at one and the same time exhilarated and terrified by the
them, with schools. churches, banks, stores, and hospitals. Into the mills came the up-country
farmer who was barely making a living, and out of the mountains came the barefoot man and
mall houses They live in affluence beyond their dreams, and if their pleasant subdivisions
sunbonneted woman. to take charge of spindles and looms." The mills in those days never hired
amid strip-development highways look quite ordinary to visiting intellectuals and
blacks: even before World War II fair numbers of South Carolina blacks took the bus north to
whout urnalists, indoor they represent an undreamed-of comfort for many South Carolinians who and
New York or Philadelphia to make a living.
Politics in this underdeveloped South Carolina was a rough business. with harsh appeals to
...nomic are leery of policies-and institutions, like labor unions-that seem to threaten enough the to
They plumbing or electricity or, often enough that they can remember it, grew up
order which has proved so bountiful. Yet there is an underlying appreciation that
1092
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1093
Democratic Governor Richard Riley, elected in 1978 and 1982 by large margins, were also
SOUTH CAROLINA - Congressional Districts, Countles, and Selected Places - (6 Districts)
ar
2
happy to elect Republican Governor Carroll Campbell in 1986, albeit by a much narrower
3
82°
5
51*
80°
6
9
19"
10
"
margin, and it is surely not without significance that these two governors-political rivals and
A
A
not especially friendly ones-should choose to emphasize the same issue: education. And it may
35"
GREENVILLE
4
CHEROKEE
YORK
Spartanburg
*
turn out that this not-so-long-ago underdeveloped country is leading the nation on this important
Rock Mille
NORTH CAROLINA
PICKENS
0
SPARTANBURG
part of national life.
a
OCONEE
.
UNION
Governor. Richard Riley's 1984 education reform package has been called "in many respects
CHESTER
LANCASTER
CHESTERFIELD
Anderson
5
MARLBORO
the most comprehensive, sophisticated, thoughtful approach to reform in the country." It
ANDERSON
LAURENS
contained merit pay and pay raises for teachers and a tough new testing program including a
FAIRFIELD
DILLON
KERSHAW
DARLINGTON
c
NEWBERRY
high school graduation test, a building program, remedial classes and gifted-children programs,
c
ABBEVILLE
LEE
cash bonuses to schools that improve and penalties for those who do poorly. It was passed after
Fronce
GREENWOOD
MARION
Columbia
34°
FLORENCE
Riley convinced businessmen and voters that the state needed a better educated work force to
SALUDA
MC CORMIC
RICHLAND
HORRY
3
LEXINGTON
6
enjoy further economic growth, and that the extra taxes he was seeking would be worth it. In
SUMTER
DI
EDGEFIELD
GEORGIA
D
four years South Carolina chalked up some of the highest increases in test scores in the country,
CALHOUN
CLARENDON
WILLIAMSBURG
attendance is up, the high school graduation rate is up, and more teachers report morale gains
AIKEN
2
that in any other state. Building on that record, Campbell got teachers' salaries up to the
GEORGETOWN
ORANGEBURG
regional average and committed the biggest share of five years of budget increases to education.
E
BARNWELL
,
BAMBERG
BERKELEY
He set up a statewide Governor's School for Mathematics and Science, and stepped up spending
on colleges and technical schools, and created a higher education program with student
13"
ALLENDALE
=
1
scholarships, endowed professorships and accountability and assessment measurements.
LEGEND
COLLETON
Norm/
This is all the more interesting, because on the national political spectrum Campbell is
F
2
Congressions district number
HAMPTON
Charmaton
.
Congressional dame boundary
CHARLESTON
counted as a conservative. His political career-from his days in the legislature to a controver-
Pace 100 000 or more inhabitants
2
Place 50 000 to inhebitants
sial race for Congress in 1978 (Democrats claimed and Campbell denied that he encouraged a
Place 5 000 10 000 enhabitants
JASPER
State underlined
BEAUFORT
minor candidate to attack the Democrat on the grounds that as a Jew he did not believe in Jesus)
N
G.
to his election for the governorship and strong support of George Bush in 1987 and 1988-has
G
SCALE
been closely associated with Lee Atwater, the South Carolinian who is now chairman of the
0
20
ac
R
so
lometers
=
20
&
50
60
100 Mites
&
Republican National Committee. Campbell is adamant about lowering taxes, but his approach
M
M
to government is anything but laissez faire. Campbell wants to lower auto insurance rates and
US Department of Commerce
BUREAU OF CENSUS
BY
2
3
82"
4
5
81*
6
10"
I
19"
10
reorganize state government, and his work on education, like Riley's, shows an appreciation that
Congressional detricts estableshed April 30 1982: all other boundanes are of January 1980.
South Carolina needs to improve the skills of its work force if its economy is to continue to grow,
and that market forces by themselves are not going to do that. Those who want to see an example
of what Newt Gingrich calls "governing conservatism" would do well to go down to South
government-building highways, running schools, maintaining social security-has made some
Carolina.
contribution to this bounty and to their affluence.
Campbell won his 1986 race against Lieutenant Governor Mike Daniel by only 51%-49%,
Many surely have an uneasy sense that old rules, however unjust some of them were, are no
and only after labelling him as one of the insider politicians. His margins came in urban and
longer in force, that the affluent South Carolina they inhabit, so different from the underdevel-
suburban areas, especially in his home base of Greenville, and he may have been helped by
oped country they grew up in, also is a land of divorce and abortion, of places where traditional
increased turnout up-country; most rural counties went for Daniel. Tom Hartnett, his colleague
moral values are flouted and even patriotism seems to be mocked. This is a state where
in Congress, agreed to run for lieutenant governor rather than give Campbell a primary fight:
traditional religion has strong roots, and where cultural conservatism thrives, despite-or
but he was beaten 50%-49% by Democrat Nick Theodore-one reason why Campbeli had none
because-most people live in an environment where traditional rules do not always apply. South
of the rumored interest in an appointment by George Bush. Since his election Campbell's ratings
Carolina, hotblooded enough to have started our only civil war, is perhaps the most bellicose of
have been high and he has gone some distance toward building a stronger Republican Party; his
states. the least inclined to support a conciliatory foreign policy. Most South Carolina voters find
candidates have captured several Democratic districts in state legislative elections. Campbell
it simply implausible that large numbers of their fellow Americans would mock traditional
also had success in his backing of Bush. The South Carolina Republican primary was scheduled
values or cast aspersions on patriotism, and they find it hard to vote for a candidate who seems
on the Saturday before Super Tuesday, presumably at Atwater's instigation, to give Bush an
sympathetic to those views.
opportunity to start out with a big win before the rest of the South voted; Campbell campaigned
The legacy of these voters is Democratic, and for a while in the 1970s, when Jimmy Carter
actively with him, helped build his organization, and had the satisfaction of seeing him win a
appeared at the Firecracker 400 stock car race in 1976, the Democrats seemed to be speaking
strong victory. For 1990, Campbell himself starts out a strong favorite. Riley, reported to be
their language. But in the 1980s, as South Carolina has been growing more affluent and the
considering the race, announced late in 1988 that he would not run; possible Democrats include
Democrats seemed to be increasingly liberal on cultural and foreign policy issues, the South
!986 contenders Mike Daniel, Phil Lader and Hugh Leatherman amd Theo Mitchell, a black
Carolina swing voters have been moving Republican. The voters who were entirely happy with
State Senator from Greenville.
1094
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1095
Senators. For a long time South Carolina's Senate seats have in effect been the political
the impression that some time around 1970 Thurmond got tired of being a controversial figure
reward of the most politically formidable of its governors: Burnet Maybank (first elected
who was widely hated, and decided to seek maximum acceptance and to make himself a
governor in 1938 and Senator in 1940), Olin Johnston (1934, 1944), Thurmond (1946, 1954),
consensus national leader instead. Not many then would have guessed he could do it, but he has.
and Hollings (1958, 1966). The current Senators are commanding men who rose from humble
Thurmond's seat came up in 1984, and he was reelected with scarcely any fuss. He has a solid
beginnings, made their careers in the courtrooms, and ran unsuccessfully for President of the
bedrock of support in South Carolina that is well over 50%; he showed that in 1978 when he beat
United States. They have proved to be two of the most durable and forceful members of the
back a strong challenge by Democrat Charles Ravenel. There's been speculation about a
Senate today-or maybe ever. Strom Thurmond's career goes back nearly 60 years now: he was
first elected to the legislature at 29, in 1932, and is plotting his reelection campaign for 1990.
possible Thurmond successor for 20 years now. But Thurmond shows no sign of tiring or retiring.
With the same directness and steadiness of purpose he brings to all political enterprises, he has
Hollings won his first election at 26, in 1948, and says those who think he may retire in 1992 are
set out since early 1985 to put himself in a strong position to win reelection in 1990, and he seems
"non-thinkers."
Thurmond has combined a reputation for firmness and steadfastness with a flexibility and
to have succeeded. Some Republicans grumble that he supported Bob Dole rather than George
Bush in 1988; some Democrats argue that he's not quite as strong as he seems. But the
adroitness that has enabled this onetime symbol of racial segregation to prosper politically in an
era of integration. He was elected governor in 1946 and won 39 electoral votes as the States'
professional politicians seem convinced he still has his 50%-plus base and more, and in early
1989 he seemed likely to be a vigorous candidate-and a winner. The span of his career is
Rights-i.e., anti-civil rights-Democratic candidate for President in 1948. In 1954 he was
awesome: Thurmond knew Pitchfork Ben Tillman, the South Carolina governor and Senator
elected to the Senate, stunningly, as a write-in candidate; he promised the voters that if he won
who was born in 1847, and his children have a good chance of living into the 2050s; this is a man
he would resign and seek election in the ordinary manner, and in 1956 he did. During the 1964
in touch with two centuries of American politics.
campaign he switched to the Republican Party and supported Barry Goldwater for President; in
South Carolina's other Senator, Ernest Hollings, ran for President in 1984 and made less
1968 he was the key power broker at the Republican National Convention, when he held the
impact than he wished-and less than his talents and program might seem to have warranted.
South for Richard Nixon.
Then in 1985 on the same issue he had emphasized in his campaign for the presidency with such
This was his peak of national influence, but it was also a moment of peril: South Carolina's
dismal results he made a great impact indeed. The issue was the federal deficit, and while he
blacks were getting the vote, and for a moment Thurmond seemed to be in trouble. But he
won few votes with the budget freeze he proposed on the stump and on the Senate Budget
reacted to the enfranchisement of South Carolina's blacks by working as doggedly for them as
Committee, he was successful in proposing the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings deficit-cutting bill.
he had for others: he hired black staffers in the early 1970s, pushed through the appointment of
Hollings has been tussling with budgets for a long time, as chairman of the Senate Budget
black federal judges, helped black local officials and citizens' groups with federal projects. He
Committee in 1980 after Edmund Muskie resigned to become Secretary of State, and as ranking
has ended up voting for renewal of the Voting Rights Act and the Martin Luther King Holiday.
He probably gets few black votes, but he has softened black voters' hostility; they don't turn out
Democrat on the committee in 1981 and 1982, when the groundwork for the deficits was laid by
the Reagan budget and tax cuts. He continues to be the second ranking Democrat on the Budget
in large numbers to vote against him or form a strong political base for a possible opponent. His
Committee, and his proposal for 1989 is a budget freeze combined with a 5% value-added tax on
switch was an example of his mind at work. There are no baroque embellishments to his
everything but food, housing and health care. This is typical Hollings: he believes in an activist
thoughts: he is not interested in nuance or qualification. His intellect is simple but strong: he
federal government, but he also believes in subjecting it to strict discipline.
decides where he wants to go, figures out how to get there, and then does it.
Now, however, Hollings is devoting much attention to his duties as chairman of the Senate
Thurmond, as the senior Republican Senator, was president pro tempore of the Senate from
Commerce Committee. He was careful to relinquish the ranking seat on Budget and take it on
1980 to 1986, a ceremonial post he enjoyed, and which put him in the theoretical line of
Commerce in 1983; for Commerce, which has jurisdiction over most federal regulation, is much
succession to the Presidency. He also served as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, having
the better place from which to raise funds for campaigns, presidential or otherwise. As
taken care in the 1970s to use his seniority to outrank the liberal Charles Mathias. As chairman
Thurmond was courteous, cooperative, conciliatory, but ready to move fast when he had the
chairman, Hollings is well-informed and aggressive. He is the major opponent of deregulating
broadcasting, and has been trying to reinstate the Fairness Doctrine and to start regulation of
votes. He seems to have a pleasant working relationship with the current chairman, Joseph
advertising on children's programs. As a young lawyer he made his living as a plaintiffs' lawyer
Biden. In his middle 80s, he remains in excellent health, and if he doesn't seem attentive to detail
in negligence cases (he looks like a Charleston aristocrat, but has a modest background) and is
to some observers, those who think he might overlook some legislative point or particle of
opposed to laws limiting tort claims. He has worked on various ocean issues on the committee,
procedure may find him alert and ready if the matter is something he cares about.
including the 1988 ocean dumping law; he has championed a National Global Climate Change
Thurmond is a WWII veteran and an unabashed enthusiast for things military, and a
Research Act; he worked on reviving the National Space Council to be chaired by the Vice
supporter of an aggressive and assertive foreign policy. But in 1987 he did not exercise his option
President. He is pushing a constitutional amendment to allow Congress to limit campaign
of becoming ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee. declining to elbow aside
Virginia's John Warner as he had Mathias. He is also a member of Veterans' Affairs and, as of
pending. On trade issues he proudly proclaims himself a "hawk," supporting vigorously the
textile bill that was widely criticized as protectionist.
1985, Labor and Human Resources Committees. Thurmond has surprised some observers by
not aggressively pursuing conservative causes. Instead he has worked on consensus measures like
Why did Hollings fall flat as a presidential candidate? One reason is the times: appeals for
shared sacrifice fall flat in a peaceful, prosperous America. Another reason is the constituency.
stopping cop-killer bullets, outlawing plastic guns, reforming the antitrust laws, outlawing
The Democrats' selection process is geared to mostly liberal party activists, and Hollings failed
designer drugs, and keeping South Carolina from getting more nuclear waste. He wants to bar
"me of their litmus tests. He may have been the Senate's leading opponent of the MX missile in
former federal officials from lobbying for foreign countries. A proud teetotaler-he pushes
983. for example, but the party activists recognized, accurately, that on most military and
lemonade in the summertime-he wants large warning labels on liquor bottles. He did push the
reign issues he is an unreconstructed hawk. He may have been the Senate's most effective
death penalty when he could and stoutly backed all Reagan judicial nominations. But one gets
ghter against hunger in the 1960s and 1970s, when he was spurred to action by discovering how
1096
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1097
poorly many people were eating in South Carolina, but he expressed a not-at-all-veiled scorn for
Political Lineup: Governor, Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R); Lt. Gov., Nick A. Theodore (D); Secy. of
schemes of income redistribution and job guarantee programs.
State, John T. Campbell (D); Atty. Gen., Travis Medlock (D); Treasurer, Grady L. Patterson, Jr. (D);
Confident and impressive in person even more than on television, Hollings has worked hard in
Comptroller General, Earle E. Morris, Jr. (D). State Senate, 46 (35 D and 11 R); State House of
Washington and campaigned hard in South Carolina. He seems well-positioned to run for
Representatives, 124 (87 D and 37 R). Senators, Strom Thurmond (R) and Ernest F. Hollings (D).
Representatives, 6 (4 D and 2 R).
reelection in 1992.
Presidential politics. South Carolina has become one of the most Republican of the southern
states in presidential elections; in November 1988 it was, no doubt to Lee Atwater's great
satisfaction, one of George Bush's strongest states in the country. He got 62% of the vote here,
down only slightly from Ronald Reagan's 64% in 1984. One thing that is helping the
Republicans is demographic change. The proliferation of Hilton Head Island-style condomin-
ium communities on the coast made two Low Country counties become more Republican
between 1984 and 1988; the other big population gaining areas are counties just outside cities
like Charleston, Columbia, and Greenville. With relatively few blacks and many upwardly
mobile and/or deeply religious whites, they are heavily Republican. The election results tell the
story. In counties where voter turnout rose more than 10% from 1980 to 1988, Bush beat
1988 Presidential Vote
1984 Presidential Vote
Michael Dukakis 65%-34%; in counties where turnout rose less than 10% in the 1980s, Bush led
Bush (R)
606,443 (62%)
Reagan (R)
Dukakis by the lesser margin of 59%-40%; in counties where turnout fell during the 1980s-
615,539 (64%)
Dukakis (D)
370,554 (38%)
Mondale (D)
344,459 (36%)
many of them rural black-majority counties with little economic growth-Bush only barely beat
Dukakis, 53%-46%.
1988 Republican Presidential Primary
South Carolina's Republican primary played a significant role in the 1988 contest; it was
Bush
94,738 (49%)
scheduled to help George Bush, and did. Carroll Campbell was one of three governors-John
Dole
40,265 (21%)
Sununu of New Hampshire and James Thompson of Illinois were the others-who were credited
Robertson
37,261 (19%)
by Lee Atwater with major responsibility for Bush's three early crucial victories in their states.
Kemp
22,431 (11%)
Bush's victory was especially sweet since it effectively extinguished the chances of Pat
Robertson showing any significant primary strength to go with the support he had been able to
win in packable caucuses.
As for the Democrats, they scheduled their caucus the weekend after Super Tuesday,
presumably to deflect attention from it. Predictably, it was won by South Carolina-born Jesse
Jackson. with blacks apparently accounting for more than half the turnout.
Congressional districting. South Carolina's congressional districts were changed only slightly
in 1980s redistricting, and probably will not be changed significantly for the 1990s.
The People: Est. Pop. 1988: 3,493,000; Pop. 1980: 3,121,820, up 11.9% 1980-88 and 20.5% 1970-80;
GOVERNOR
1.40% of U.S. total. 24th largest. 13% with 1-3 yrs. col., 14% with 4+ yrs. col.: 16.6% below poverty
Gov. Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R)
level. Single ancestry: 19% English. 5% Irish, 4% German, 1% French. Scottish. Households (1980):
78% family, 46% with children. 63% married couples; 29.8% housing units rented: median monthly rent:
Elected 1986, term expires Jan. 1991; b. July 24, 1940, Greenville;
$133: median house value: $35,100. Voting age pop. (1980): 2,179,854: 27% Black, 1% Spanish origin.
home, Greenville; U. of SC, American U., M.A. 1985; Episco-
Registered voters (1988): 1,437,628; no party registration.
palian; married (Iris).
Career: Real estate and farming; SC House of Reps., 1970-74;
Exec. Asst. to Gov. James B. Edwards, 1975-76; SC Senate, 1976-
1988 Share of Federal Tax Burden: $9,141,000,000; 1.03% of U.S. total. 28th largest.
78; U.S. House of Reps., 1978-86.
Office: P.O. Box 11369, The State House, Columbia 29211, 803-
1988 Share of Federal Expenditures
734-9818.
Total
Non-Defense
Defense
Election Results
Total Expend
$10.934m
(1.24%)
$8,023m
(1.22%)
$4.279m
(1.87%)
St/Lcl Grants
1,354m
(1.18%)
1,353m
(1.18%)
1m
(0.97%)
1986 gen.
Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R)
384,565
(51%)
Salary/Wages
2,322m
(1.73%)
450m
(0.67%)
1,872m
(0.67%)
Mike Daniel (D)
361,325
(49%)
Pymnts to Indiv
5,139m
(1.26%)
4,666m
(1.19%)
473m
(2.54%)
1986 prim.
Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R), unopposed
Procurement
1,932m
(1.02%)
1,368m
(2.94%)
1,932m
(1.02%)
1982 gen.
Richard W. Riley (D)
468,819
(70%)
Research/Other
187m
(0.50%)
186m
(0.50%)
Om
(0.50%)
William D. Workman, Jr. (R)
202,806
(30%)
SOUTH CAROLINA
1099
SENATORS
Sen. Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D)
Sen. Strom Thurmond (R)
Elected 1966, seat up 1992; b. Jan. 1, 1922, Charleston; home,
Charleston; The Citadel, B.A. 1942, U. of SC, LL.B. 1947; Lu-
Elected 1954 seat up 1990: b. Dec. 5, 1902, Edgefield; home,
theran; married (Peatsy).
Aiken; Clemson U., B.S. 1923: Baptist; married (Nancy).
775 Trapy Q -0250 Consul Barnes
Career: Army, WWII; Practicing atty.; SC House of Reps.,
Career: Teacher and coach. 1923-29; Edgefield Cnty. Super. of
1949-54, Speaker Pro Tempore, 1951-54; Lt. Gov. of SC, 1955-
Educ., 1929-33; Practicing atty., 1930-38, 1951-55; SC Senate,
59; Gov. of SC, 1959-63.
1933-38; Circuit Judge, 1938-42; Army, WWII; Gov. of SC,
1947-51; States Rights cand. for U.S. Pres., 1948; Pres. Pro
Offices: 125 RSOB 20510, 202-224-6121. Also 1835 Assembly
Tempore, U.S. Senate, 1981-87.
St., Columbia 29201, 803-765-5731; 112 Custom House, 200 E.
Bay St., Charleston 29401, 803-724-4525; and 126 Fed. Bldg.,
Offices: 217 RSOB 20510, 202-224-5972. Also 1835 Assembly
29301, 803-585-3702.
Greenville 29304, 803-585-3702; 103 Fed. Bldg., Spartanburg
St., Ste. 1558, Columbia 29201. 803-765-5496; 334 Meeting St.,
Rm. 600, Charleston 29493. 803-724-4282; 211 York St. N.E., Ste.
29, Aiken 29801, 803-649-2591: and 401 W. Evans St., Florence
Committees: Appropriations (3d of 16 D). Subcommittees: Com-
Pan Montromery
29501, 803-662-8873.
and Water Development; Interior: Labor, Health and Human
merce, Justice, State, and Judiciary (Chairman); Defense; Energy
Committees: Armed Services (2d of 9 R). Subcommittees: Con-
ventional Forces and Alliance Defense; Readiness, Sustainability
Tourism; Transportation Surface (Chairman of 11 D). Subcommittees: Communications; Foreign Commerce and and
Services, Education. Budget (2d of 13 D). Commerce, Science,
and Support; Strategic Forces and Nuclear Deterrence (Ranking
Transportation. Select Committee on Intelligence (3d of 8 D).
Member). Judiciary (Ranking Member of 6 R). Subcommittees: Antitrust, Monopolies and Business
Group Ratings
234-5977 5972
Rights (Ranking Member); Courts and Administrative Practice. Labor and Human Resources (5th of 7
R). Subcommittees: Employment and Productivity (Ranking Member): Education, Arts, and Human-
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
1988
ACU
55
NTLC
ities: Labor. Veterans' Affairs (3d of 5 R).
NSI
41
COC
58
CEI
83
50
1987
48
27
40
100
29
-
57
50
22
-
62
-
-
17
27
Group Ratings
National Journal Ratings
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1988
0
11
11
20
Economic
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
42
92
71
100
93
56
52%
-
45%
11
96
Social
63%
-
1987
15
36%
-
17
-
-
-
71
62
60%
-
39%
Foreign
35%
-
62%
39%
-
59%
24%
-
75%
National Journal Ratings
Key Votes
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
1) Cut Aged Housing $
FOR
5) Bork Nomination
FOR
Economic
22%
-
75%
15%
-
82%
2) Override Hwy Veto
FOR
9) SDI Funding
FOR
6) Ban Plastic Guns
AGN
Social
0%
89%
167
78%
3) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice
FOR
7) Deny Abortions
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
-
-
AGN
Foreign
8%
-
0%
-
76%
4) Min Wage Increase
FOR
11) Aid To Contras
91%
FOR
8) Japanese Reparations
AGN
12) Reagan Defense $ AGN
Election Results
Key Votes
1986 general
Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D)
1) Cut Aged Housing $
AGN
5) Bork Nomination
456,500
FOR
9) SDI Funding
FOR
Henry D. McMaster (R)
(63%)
($2,233,843)
2) Override Hwy Veto
AGN
6) Ban Plastic Guns
AGN
262,886
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
1986 primary
Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D), unopposed
(36%)
($584,288)
3) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice
FOR
7) Deny Abortions
FOR
11) Aid To Contras
FOR
1980 general
Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D)
4) Min Wage Increase
AGN
8) Japanese Reparations
AGN
612,554
12) Reagan Defense $ FOR
Marshall Mays (R)
(70%)
($723.427)
257,946
(30%)
($62,472)
Election Results
1984 general
Strom Thurmond (R)
644.815
(67%)
($1,682,962)
FIRST DISTRICT
Melvin Purvis (D)
306,982
(32%)
($9,023)
1984 primary
Strom Thurmond (R)
44.662
(94%)
There are few, if any, more beautiful urban scenes in America than the pastel "single houses" of
Robert H. Cunningham (R)
2.693
(6%)
Charleston, built flush with the sidewalk, turning their shoulders to the streets, with
1978 general
Strom Thurmond (R)
351.733
(56%)
($2.013,431)
"piazzas" inside their gateways facing south to catch the breeze, wreathed with the springtime open
Charles D. Ravenel (D)
281,119
(44%)
($1,134,168)
flowers of blossoming trees. Charleston, founded in 1670 and blessed with one of the finest
harbors on the Atlantic, was one of the South's two leading cities up to the Civil War. Across its
docks went cargoes of rice, indigo, cotton-all cultivated by black slaves and enriching the white
1100
SOUTH CAROLINA
planters and merchants who dominated the state's economic and political life. Many of the old
Armed Services-more or less a political necessity for this district-and worked to channel
houses south of Broad were kept in families and preserved, but in the rest of the city, wrote the
dollars into the Charleston Shipyard and military health care. He was concerned about acid rain
WPA Guide 50 years ago, "along streets no longer fashionable, clothes lines flap above
because of damage to the Medway Plantation. His most vivid moment may have come when he
abandoned gardens, and several Negro families are crowded out into some tumble-down big
told Defense Secretary Carlucci of the need for military involvement in fighting drugs, saying,
houses, spilling their progeny out on the sidewalk." In the years that followed the Civil War,
by his own account, "What we need to do, upon positive identification, which is very important,
Charleston became an economic backwater. Today prosperity has come back to Charleston,
is begin shooting down the drug-carrying planes and machine-gunning any survivors. I believe
restoration has crept far north of the Battery, and the old part of the city, where the Ashley and
that very quickly these tough measures will put an end to drug smuggling. I further told the
Cooper Rivers meet to form the Atlantic Ocean, is still beautifully preserved and still the home
Secretary to think of all the money that will be saved by not having to have lengthy trials or
of the city's elite, housing fewer people than it did when it rained out shots on Fort Sumter in
having to maintain the drug traffickers in jail." He did not record Carlucci's reaction, but the
voters in the 1st District responded favorably and reelected him by a 64%-36% margin.
1861.
This is an old society. The old South Carolina aristocracy, very private today, was once a
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 584,200, up 12.3% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 520,338, up 25.3% 1970-80.
leading force in American political life. The Democrats held their national convention in
Households (1980): 77% family, 47% with children, 61% married couples; 36.1% housing units rented;
Charleston in 1860, and the hotheaded dandies in the galleries hooted down the northerners and
median monthly rent: $174; median house value: $41,400. Voting age pop. (1980): 362,866; 29% Black,
so disrupted the proceedings that the northerners adjourned and reconvened in Baltimore while
2% Spanish origin, 1% Asian origin.
the southerners nominated a separate ticket that enabled Lincoln to be elected with 38% of the
popular vote. South Carolina's blacks also have a colorful history. There were free blacks here
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
100,179
(61%)
Dukakis (D).
62,594
(38%)
before the Civil War (some even owned slaves themselves), and Charleston's black culture was
memorialized in Porgy and Bess. The local accent, which seems to outsiders to have a touch of
New Jersey and which, rapidly spoken, can be incomprehensible, is best appreciated in the
Rep. Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R)
speech of Charleston native (but not aristocrat) Ernest Hollings.
Elected 1986; b. Mar. 29, 1927, St. Andrews Parish; home, Mount
Since World War II, Charleston has been growing again. At first the impetus was the
Pleasant; Col. of Charleston, B.A. 1950; French Huguenot; married
military, with the big Navy and Air Force bases here nurtured by Mendel Rivers, chairman of
(Jean).
the House Armed Services Committee from 1965 until his death in 1971; at one point they
Career: USMC, 1945-46; Realtor, gen. contractor, cattleman;
accounted for one-third of the payrolls in the Charleston area. The white working-class area
SC House of Reps., 1952-58; SC Senate, 1980-86.
around the port and the bases in North Charleston remembers: its main street is Rivers Avenue.
Offices: 508 CHOB 20515, 202-225-3176. Also 640 Fed. Bldg.,
The military continues to be important, but the economy has diversified since Rivers's death and
Rm. 640, Charleston 29403, 803-724-4175; 263 Hampton St.,
has prospered by the influx of Yankees and southerners to the condominium communities on the
Walterboro 29488, 803-549-5395; P.O. Box 550, Estill 29918, 803-
barrier islands. The first of these, Hilton Head, was started by Charles Fraser in 1957; it was an
625-3177; and P.O. Box 1538, Beaufort 29902, 803-524-2166.
untested. risky concept at the time. Nearby were some of the poorest areas in the United States,
Committees: Armed Services (17th of 21 R). Subcommittees:
where lowland blacks lived in poverty and malnutrition; many spoke a distinct dialect called
Military Installations and Facilities; Military Personnel and Com-
Gullah. Now the blacks are much better off, and practically the entire coast is covered with
pensation.
developments inspired, in varying degrees, by the original.
The 1st Congressional District of South Carolina includes Charleston and its suburbs, the
Low Country south and west of Charleston, and a couple of black-majority counties inland.
Historically this was one of the most Democratic of constituencies in Franklin Roosevelt's time;
Group Ratings
now it leans Republican. High-income whites in these new areas, and in the affluent areas of
ADA
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CFA
LCV
ACU
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NSI
COC
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Charleston, both in the old downtown and in new neighborhoods east of the Ashley River and out
1988
25
41
47
64
56
76
57
100
86
35
in the suburbs, have proved to be heavily Republican; blacks, who did not vote in most of this
1987
24
-
31
29
-
61
-
-
87
51
area until after 1965, are even more heavily Democratic.
The congressman from this district is Republican Arthur Ravenel, an experienced Charleston
National Journal Ratings
politician with a fine old South Carolina Huguenot name. He is a cousin of Charles Ravenel, the the
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
young Democrat who was about to be elected governor in 1974 until his name was yanked off and
Economic
34%
-
65%
29%
|
69%
ballot for failure to meet a residency requirement; he ran against Strom Thurmond in 1978
Social
40%
58%
32%
-
67%
-
in the 1st District in 1980, and lost both times. The Republican Ravenel is folksy ("Hi, I'm your
Foreign
30%
67%
28%
-
70%
-
cousin Arthur," he greets passers-by), worked hard on constituency service as a state legislator.
Key Votes
and has. unusually for a Republican, significant support from black voters. The seat was up of in
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
AGN
9) SDI Research
FOR
1986 because Republican Tom Hartnett, who showed a flip contempt for the business
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
legislating, left the House to run for lieutenant governor (an office he narrowly lost); Arthur
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
Ravenel beat Democrat Jimmy Stuckey 52%-48%.
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
In his first term Ravenel compiled a somewhat mixed record ideologically and got a seat on
CAROLIINA
1103
Election Results
by Strom Thurmond, and Jack Bass, a top newspaper reporter and the writer of the definitive
1988 general
Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R)
101,572
(64%)
($118,702)
work on the Orangeburg massacre when highway patrolmen shot black students in 1968. In
Wheeler Tillman (D)
57,691
(36%)
($82,035)
1988 his opponent was Jim Leventis, a Columbia county councilman and prominent attorney
1988 primary
Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R), unopposed
and banker, considered to be at least as strong as the opponents who had held Spence (with one
1986 general
Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R)
59,969
(52%)
($265,574)
exception) to the 54% to 59% range from 1974 to 1986. Spence recovered physically and started
Jimmy Stuckey (D)
55,262
(48%)
($457,810)
generating news about military contracts, a computer virus bill, and expanding the Congaree
Swamp National Monument. Leventis actually raised more money and campaigned hard.
But in this polarized constituency the results were almost the same as in the close 1986 race.
SECOND DISTRICT
Spence won 53%-46%, carrying 68% in Lexington County and winning the Columbia area 54%-
45%. After the election, Spence was still generating news, announcing a partnership between
In 1786. just after the Revolution, the South Carolina legislature decided to move the state's
Hughes Aircraft and South Carolina State in Orangeburg. But the same factors which produced
capital away from the aristocrats of Charleston and into the up-country interior, away from a
a serious challenge and a close race may well be operating in 1990.
city named after a king to a new city they created smack dab in the middle of the state and
named after a discoverer of America. So began Columbia. The State House was built on high
ground above the Congaree River, amid a town of Columbia cottages-1½ story houses with
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 562,400, up 7.6% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 522,688, up 24.6% 1970-80.
Households (1980): 76% family, 45% with children, 60% married couples; 32.7% housing units rented;
first floor porticoes, dormers and raised brick basements. The big event in Columbia's later
median monthly rent: $160; median house value: $40,800. Voting age pop. (1980): 372,290; 32% Black,
history was the arrival of Sherman's Army: "Except for the State House," the WPA Guide noted
1% Spanish origin, 1% Asian origin.
in 1940, "no structure on Main Street antedates "The Burning' by Sherman, in 1865. His name is
still anathema to Columbians." In the post-Sherman years Columbia grew slowly, with state
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
103,577
government and the university, the Army's Fort Jackson and local insurance companies proving
(59%)
Dukakis (D)
67,446
steady employers. More recently it has started to boom, attracting plants from Michelin and
(39%)
Allied Chemical, United Technologies and FN of Belgium, Du Pont and Square D. The
Columbia metropolitan area on both sides of the Congaree is the largest and most prosperous in
Rep. Floyd D. Spence (R)
South Carolina, and some are projecting it as one of the fastest-growing U.S. metro areas of the
1990s.
Elected 1970; b. Apr. 9, 1928, Columbia; home, Lexington; U. of
Columbia is one of those southern metropolitan areas that has been trending Republican for at
SC, A.B. 1952, LL.B. 1956; Lutheran; married (Deborah).
least 30 years. The Columbia where Sherman was remembered in the 1940s and where Jimmy
Career: Navy, 1952-54; Practicing atty.; SC House of Reps.,
Byrnes, after years in top posts in Democratic Washington, returned as governor to lament the
1956-62; SC Senate, 1966-70, Minor. Ldr., 1966-70.
Brown V. Board of Education decision in 1954, has trended Republican in the years since.
Offices: 2405 RHOB 20515, 202-225-2452. Also 140 Stone Ridge
Upwardly mobile South Carolinians, transplanted from rural areas with no electricity to
Dr., Ste. 104, Columbia 29201, 803-254-5120; and 1681 Chestnut
comfortable subdivisions with two-car garages, preferred Republicans first in national and then
St. N.E., P.O. Box 1609, Orangeburg 29116-1609, 803-536-4641.
in state and local elections. The Columbia area went for Eisenhower in the 1950s; even when
Committees: Armed Services (2d of 21 R). Subcommittees: Mili-
blacks got the vote in 1965, they were outnumbered usually by the increasingly Republican
tary Installations and Facilities; Seapower and Strategic and Criti-
whites-particularly if you count not just Columbia's Richland County, but also the once rural
cal Materials (Ranking Member). Select Committee on Aging
and now suburban Lexington County across the river. South Carolina's 2d Congressional
(20th of 27 R). Subcommittees: Human Services; Retirement
District is made up of those two counties, plus part of the South Carolina lowland country
Income and Employment.
around Orangeburg. This was plantation country before 1865, most of the people who live here
now are black, and politics follows racial lines.
The congressman from the 2d District is Republican Floyd Spence, who has been running for
office in the Columbia area since 1956. Spence became a Republican in 1962. two years before
Group Ratings
Strom Thurmond, narrowly lost a House race that year to Albert Watson (a Democrat who
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
supported Barry Goldwater in 1964, and was kicked out of the Democratic Caucus for it), and
ACU
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
1988
10
18
16
18
44
85
73
100
71
38
became a Republican in 1965. When Watson ran for governor in 1970, Spence ran for the House
1987
4
-
15
14
-
73
-
-
93
56
seat and won it.
Spence won a close reelection in 1988 after a difficult year: in May he underwent a double-
lung transplant. His illness had forced him to relinquish the increasingly hot seat of ranking
National Journal Ratings
Republican on the House Ethics Committee, and he was necessarily less active on the Armed
1988 LIB 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Services Committee. But he insisted that he came out of surgery with "the lungs of an 18-year-
Economic
-
29%
-
69%
old." Spence has often had serious opponents, tempted by the rather close balance of racial and
Social
13%
-
84%
15%
-
84%
political forces in the district, including Matthew Perry, a black later appointed a federal judge
Foreign
0%
-
84%
0%
-
80%
1104
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1105
Key Votes
But as the 1980s have gone on, he has gravitated more to district causes. He served as the
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
FOR
chairman of the Congressional Textile Caucus, sponsoring a ban on Soviet textile imports and
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
-
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
the requirement that the country of origin be named on garment labels. He was a lead sponsor of
3) Deficit Reduc
-
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
the 1987 textile protection bill vetoed by President Reagan. He argues that he vetoed in a
4) Kill Pint Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
conference committee session proposals to put Monitored Receivable Storage of nuclear waste
in the Savannah River Plant area, by tying that measure to the selection of a permanent nuclear
Election Results
waste repository, which is expected to be in Nevada. On the other hand, he has been a staunch
1988 general
Floyd D. Spence (R)
94,960
(53%)
($369,698)
advocate of the Energy Department's selection of Savannah River for a new nuclear production
Jim Leventis (D)
83,978
(46%)
($376,727)
facility; the area was badly hurt by the closedown of facilities due to charges of unsafety or
1988 primary
Floyd D. Spence (R), unopposed
obsolescence in 1988.
1986 general
Floyd D. Spence (R)
73,455
(54%)
($294,665)
Fred Zeigler (D)
63,592
(46%)
($179,860)
All of this must have helped Derrick in his 1988 reelection fight, his first rough contest in
years. His opponent was Henry Jordan, an Anderson surgeon who lost the nomination to face
Ernest Hollings in 1986; this time he had good financing, though much less than Derrick. Jordan
accused Derrick of being a johnny-come-lately on the textile bill, though Jordan himself seemed
THIRD DISTRICT
to talk quite fondly of free trade; he also accused the Democrat of voting to release non-violent
federal prisoners 90 days early to ease overcrowding-a way of linking him with one of Michael
The South Carolina up-country, many days' travel by wagon from the Low Country plantations
Dukakis's vulnerabilities. He got Oliver North to come to Clemson to campaign. Derrick was a
owned by Charleston aristocrats, was first settled by Scots-Irish farmers. like the family of John
familiar figure in his horn-rimmed glasses and trademark suspenders, and his work on textiles
C. Calhoun in the years just before and after the Revolutionary War. The pioneers wanted to
and the Savannah River plant must surely have worked in his favor. Yet he won with just 54% of
make big plantations of these forests, but the land did not always cooperate: it was too hilly for
the vote-one of two Democrats on Rules (David Bonior of Michigan was the other) with this
the labor-intensive rice crop grown in the lowlands and sometimes too cold for cotton. So while
not very impressive showing. Derrick carried Anderson with 54%, but only barely won the textile
the coastal plantations were tended by thousands of slaves, relatively few were brought here, and
counties to the north; for all his work on Savannah River, he lost Aiken County, with its
the land went mostly to smaller white farmers. That history has consequences today. The 3d
increasing numbers of affluent suburbanites. Derrick gave up any plans he had for statewide
Congressional District of South Carolina, which follows the Savannah River border with
office in 1984, and he has a fine future ahead in the House: on Rules he ranks just behind the
Georgia for most of its length, starts in the lowlands in Allendale County, which is 62% black,
new chairman, Joe Moakley; he could easily be chairman some day and in the meantime is in
and proceeds north to 3,500-foot Sassafras Mountain, in Pickens County, which is 7% black.
fine position to exert leverage on all manner of things. But the 1988 result indicates that he may
The southern part of this district is Strom Thurmond country. He grew up in Edgefield and as
get more serious competition and may be hard pressed to hold this Republican-trending district.
county judge there in the 1930s maintained stern white control of the black majority. He
maintains his residence now in Aiken, a prosperous town which was long a winter haven for New
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 554,600, up 6.8% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 519,280, up 20.2% 1970-80.
York huntsmen, and which now is the chief commercial center for the huge (15,000 employees)
Households (1980): 79% family, 44% with children, 65% married couples; 25.3% housing units rented:
median monthly rent: $104; median house value: $32,000. Voting age pop. (1980): 366.318; 20% Black.
and troubled Savanah River Plant, which produces nuclear weapons material. The northern part
1% Spanish origin.
of the district, where Calhoun had his mansion and his son-in-law created Clemson College
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
nearby, is Piedmont and textile country, with mountains in the north. Here the Savannah River
108,043
(66%)
Dukakis (D).
54,507
intersects with Interstate 85, the main street of America's textile belt, near Anderson, the largest
(33%)
city in the district.
Rep. Butler Derrick (D)
The politics of this area, ancestrally Democratic, has been trending Republican for some time
now. Aiken started voting Republican for Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s, well before
Elected 1974; b. Sept. 30, 1936, Springfield, MA; home, Edgefield:
Thurmond switched parties in 1964; it has been steadily Republican ever since. Anderson, in
U. of SC, U. of GA, LL.B. 1965; Episcopalian; married (Beverly).
contrast, has jumped around. It voted for George Wallace in 1968, Richard Nixon in 1972,
Career: Practicing atty., 1965-74; SC House of Reps., 1969-74.
Jimmy Carter in 1976 and 1980, Ronald Reagan in 1984, and by almost as large a margin, more
Offices: 201 CHOB 20515, 202-225-5301. Also 315 S. McDuffie
than 2 to 1, for George Bush in 1988. Some of the river counties with their large black
St., Anderson 29622, 803-224-7401; 211 York St. N.E., Rm. 5.
populations remain Democratic. But the textile mill counties from Clemson to the mountains are
Aiken 29801, 803-649-5571; and 129 Fed. Bldg., Greenwood
heavily Republican. The result is that what was a Carter district in 1976 and 1980 had become a
29622, 803-223-8251.
Bush district by 1988.
Committees: Rules (2d of 9 D). Subcommittee: Legislative Pro-
This poses some problems for Butler Derrick, the Democratic congressman from the 3d
cess (Chairman). Select Committee on Aging (12th of 39 D).
District since 1974. The national Democratic strength here early in his career gave him leeway
Subcommittee: Health and Long-Term Care.
to fashion a distinctive record. He got a seat on the Rules Committee in 1979, where he was free
to concentrate on whatever issues he liked with the understanding that he'd be helpful to the
Democratic leadership. He also served two rotations on the Budget Committee. from 1975-79
and 1983-89.
1106
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1107
Group Ratings
few big companies, operating huge factories, and that the workers would join unions which
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would bargain for high wages and fringe benefits. But history has taken a different course. There
1988
70
59
57
82
69
36
23
30
54
23
are big textile companies, like Roger Milliken's operation which is headquartered in Greenville.
1987
72
56
43
17
-
-
40
23
But there are lots of small producers as well, and the concentration of textile companies has not
-
-
squeezed other businesses out as autos squeezed others out of Michigan. The plants have
National Journal Ratings
become not more concentrated, but more scattered-in some large mills and small, not usually
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
in cities (which aren't very large here anyway) but at the edge of small towns or in the middle of
Economic
45%
54%
60%
-
39%
-
heavily settled rural landscapes, near an interchange or on a side highway. Wages have not risen,
Social
42%
57%
44%
-
56%
-
Foreign
51%
-
48%
58%
41%
and workers who want more go to the newer industries; and unions, despite a few publicized
-
exceptions, have made almost no headway at all. Yet the textile country is thriving and
Key Votes
diversification is more than compensating for jobs lost because of cheap foreign competition.
1) Homeless $
AGN
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
ÁGN
And the industrial North which set itself up as a model is now-with smaller companies growing
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
and unions' power eroding-coming to resemble the textile country rather than vice versa.
3) Deficit Reduc
FOR
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
AGN
The textile mill country has its own sets of civic institutions: business leaders and their allies in
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice AGN
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
AGN
12) Nuclear Testing
FOR
press and politics and religious fundamentalists and evangelicals like the proprietors of
Greenville's Bob Jones University. The two biggest towns here have divergent political
Election Results
1988 general
Butler Derrick (D)
89,071
(54%)
($641,429)
traditions. Spartanburg has been more Democratic and was the home base of politicians like
Henry Jordan (R)
75,571
(45%)
($354,575)
James Byrnes when he was Senator (he was also congressman, Supreme Court Justice,
1988 primary
Butler Derrick (D), unopposed
Secretary of State, and finally governor in the early 1950s) and Olin Johnston (governor 1935-
1986 general
Butler Derrick (D)
79,109
(68%)
($177,714)
39 and 1943-45 and Senator 1945-65), who tended to support their party on economic issues.
Richard Dickison (R)
36,495
(32%)
($4,261)
Greenville's products have included moderate Democrats and Republicans, like Judge and
defeated Supreme Court nominee Clement Haynsworth, Democratic Governor (1979-87)
Richard Riley, and his Republican successor Carroll Campbell.
The 4th Congressional District of South Carolina, which includes Greenville and Spartanburg
FOURTH DISTRICT
and one small county, has had seriously contested races when it has been open, as in 1978 and
When northern investors were looking for sites for textile mills as long ago as the 1880s, they
1986. The most recent winner was Liz Patterson, a state Senator and former council member
looked to the up-country of South Carolina, to which they "were attracted by the mild climate,
from Spartanburg and daughter of Olin Johnston. The primary action, interestingly, was on the
abundant water power, proximity to the cotton fields, and plenty of native [and white] labor
Republican side-a struggle between William Workman III, a newspaper editor with many
already accustomed to a low standard of living." And so the textile industry of the South became
business and Republican ties, and two candidates with strong religious backing; Workman won,
centered by 1900 along the Southern Railway tracks between Charlotte and Atlanta, mainly in
but got just 49% in the first primary and was hurt in the strife. Patterson has a history of
the Piedmont of North and South Carolina; and as the mills fled New England and the
government service in the Peace Corps and Vista, civic involvement on college and agency
Northeast in the 1920s, the concentration here became even more thick. The textile country
boards, Sunday school teaching; she was attacked as a liberal but campaigned convincingly as a
could look bucolic, as it did 50 years ago to a WPA writer in Greenville. where "winding streets,
fiscal conservative concerned about human needs. Workman won 56% in Greenville County, but
following old paths and roads, cross and recross the Reedy River," but Spartanburg, like
she won 60% in Spartanburg and 63% in Union, for a 52% victory.
Greenville, was "not so much a city as it is the civic center of a county highly developed
In the House Patterson was proud of her work setting up child care centers in Veterans'
agriculturally and industrially. The business district, where tall buildings, handsome stores, and
Administration medical centers and of her fiscal voting record; like other South Carolina
modern hotels hobnob with shabby little old structures, occupies several blocks on narrow streets
Democrats she is about in the middle of the House on economic, cultural and foreign issues. In
converging at Morgan Square. In the entire city, blocks are of irregular length and, without civic
1988 there was again a Republican primary, with former Campbell aide Knox White beating a
plan. streets have evolved from twisting woodland paths and lanes."
fundamentalist airline pilot 56%-45%. The general election was almost a carbon copy of 1986.
Today, this same stretch of land along South Carolina's Interstate 85, which parallels the
White won 54% in Greenville County, but Patterson won 60% in Spartanburg and 67% in Union,
Southern, remains the number one textile-producing area in the United States. But it is more
for a 52% victory. This was 20% ahead of Michael Dukakis's showing here, but suggests another
than that. Greenville and Spartanburg Counties have attracted new businesses producing
close race in 1990 if Knox White should challenge Patterson again.
Michelin tires and Stouffer's Lean Cuisine and Digital Computer, most of them requiring
higher skills and paying higher wages than the mills. This has long been one of the most
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 549,200, up 5.5% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 520,525, up 17.3% 1970-80.
industrialized and blue-collar parts of the nation, because of textiles; now with diversification it
Households (1980): 78% family, 43% with children, 63% married couples; 30.4% housing units rented;
is becoming one of the economic growth centers of the South or. for that matter, the western
median monthly rent: $132; median house value: $34,300. Voting age pop. (1980): 373,015; 17% Black,
world. It also stages the largest balloon race east of the Mississippi, with some 200 balloons
1% Spanish origin.
competing each year.
1988 Presidential Vote:
Northern observers have always thought that textiles and the textile belt would go the way of
Bush (R)
114,191
(67%)
Dukakis (D)
54,572
big northern industries like steel and autos: that the manufacturers would be concentrated into a
(32%)
1108
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1109
Rep. Elizabeth J. (Liz) Patterson (D)
Christian theme park and vacation retreat here in Fort Mill, South Carolina. What has changed,
Elected 1986; b. Nov. 18, 1939. Columbia; home, Spartanburg;
however, is that what looks like farming country-and still has many farms on it-has
Columbia Col., B.A. 1961; United Methodist; married (Dwight).
economically long since been a part of industrial America. Textile mills have been the biggest
Career: Recruiting office, Peace Corps, 1962-64, VISTA, 1965-
employers in up-country South Carolina, and the picture the WPA Guide gives of the city of
66; VISTA SC Coordinator, 1966-67: Head Start Coordinator, SC
Rock Hill 50 years ago is scarcely bucolic: "Railroad tracks run through the middle of the town,
Ofc. of Econ. Opp., 1967-68; Aide to Rep. James R. Mann, 1969-
and the Memorial Bridge viaduct, honoring the military dead, connects the business district with
70; Mbr., Spartanburg Cnty. Cncl., 1975-76; SC Senate, 1979-86.
the north residential section. While the houses are not outstanding architecturally, many along
Offices: 1641 LHOB 20515, 202-225-6030. Also P.O. Box 10408,
the wide, tree-bordered thoroughfares are distinguished for their lawns and gardens. Homes of
Fed. Station, Greenville 29603, 803-232-1141; P.O. Box 1330,
the better educated and more prosperous Negroes are on the southern outskirts, with the usual
Spartanburg 29304, 803-582-6422; and P.O. Box 904, Union
fringe of cabins and 'shotgun' houses where the poorer classes of both races live."
29379, 803-427-2205.
In the 1970s metropolitan growth is moving out into these textile and tobacco farm counties,
Committees: Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (22d of 31 D).
from Charlotte, North Carolina, just to the north, from the Greenville-Spartanburg strip along
Subcommittees: Economic Stabilization: Financial Institutions Su-
Interstate 85 which now specializes in more than textiles, from the state capital of Columbia.
pervision, Regulation and Insurance: Housing and Community
Development. Veterans' Affairs (13th of 21 D). Subcommittees:
District. Eleven such counties in north and central South Carolina make up the state's 5th Congressional
Education, Training and Employment: Hospitals and Health Care.
The congressman from the 5th District is John Spratt. He comes from a politically active
Select Committee on Hunger (12th of 19 D).
family in Rock Hill and has degrees from Davidson, Yale Law and Oxford; he was one of the
Group Ratings
young Democrats involved in Charles Ravenel's unsuccessful 1974 campaign for governor and
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have stayed in South Carolina politics since. Spratt was first elected in 1982, when incumbent
1988
45
52
67
100
50
48
39
60
57
32
Ken Holland announced his retirement a week before the filing deadline; he was able to put a
1987
72
63
43
-
26
-
-
60
32
campaign together readily and won 38% in the primary, 55% in the runoff against a candidate
-
who spent $929,000, and 68% in the general election. He has been reelected easily, winning 70%
National Journal Ratings
in 1988.
1988 LIB 1988 CONS
1987 LIB 1987 CONS
Spratt has made a name for himself in the House as a smart and hard-working Member whose
Economic
40%
-
58%
41%
-
58%
knowledge and judgments can be relied on. As a freshman he failed to get a seat on Energy and
Social
40%
50%
-
58%
48%
-
Commerce and went to Armed Services instead. There he has become, according to National
Foreign
44%
55%
50%
-
48%
-
Journal, "one of the House's more influential members on matters military." His secret has been
Key Votes
to study hard and master the details personally. Early on he became an expert on the issue of
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
AGN
procurement, mastering the details while others were making headlines, with an understanding
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
of the hard choices and tradeoffs that must be made in any procurement reform. He has been
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
one of the Democrats most immersed in the details of the Strategic Defense Initiative, about
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
which he has neither the unalloyed enthusiasm of a Jack Kemp nor the not very well informed
opposition of some northern liberal Democrats; he favored only restricted funds for the Phase
Election Results
One SDI deployment. He worked on the difficult and for a South Carolinian sensitive issue of
1988 general
Elizabeth J. Patterson (D)
90.234
(52%)
($1,143,351)
the safety of the Savannah River Plant nuclear reactors. He conducted breakfast seminars on
Knox White (R)
82.793
(48%)
($630,913)
chemical warfare and came up with a compromise that allowed carefully limited research to
1988 primary
Elizabeth J. Patterson (D), unopposed
continue.
1986 general
Elizabeth J. Patterson (D)
67,012
(52%)
($594,026)
Bill Workman (R)
61.648
(47%)
($639,859)
He has spent some time on domestic issues as well, sponsoring a bill requiring recycling for
most consumer product packaging, supporting the "Buy American Bearings" cause, and
transferring title to the Sandhills Forest to the state of South Carolina. On economic, cultural
and foreign issues generally he has taken positions that put him at about midpoint in the House.
FIFTH DISTRICT
Some have pushed Spratt to run for statewide office, but he says he has no interest in becoming
governor, and seems uninterested in running against either incumbent Senator or against
In the late 18th century Scots-Irish farmers moved from the sluggish rivers of Low Country
Richard Riley if he runs for Senate. So the likelihood is that he will continue what has been a
Carolina to the up-country and Piedmont, where were fought some of the fiercest battles of the
productive career in the House.
Revolutionary War. Kings Mountain and the brilliantly executed Cowpens were fought here.
and Andrew Jackson as a boy was scarred when he defied a British soldier; and the fighting spirit
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 549,300, up 5.7% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 519,716, up 12.9% 1970-80.
has never really subsided. Nor has the strong Calvinist religion which the earliest settlers
Households (1980): 80% family, 47% with children, 64% married couples; 26.5% housing units rented;
brought with them; it lives on in various forms of Protestantism today-including the preaching
median monthly rent: $104; median house value: $31,000. Voting age pop. (1980): 357,907, 29% Black.
of Jim Bakker and his wife Tammy Faye, who built their headquarters and their Heritage USA
1% Spanish origin.
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
91.385
(60%)
percentage in a South Carolina district, and the percentage of blacks is no longer declining as it
Dukakis (D).
61,398
(40%)
was before 1970. For years blacks from this area lined up after high school graduation and got on
the bus to New York (called the "chicken bone special," because they packed chicken dinners)
Rep. John M. Spratt, Jr. (D)
to make their livings. Now they remain in South Carolina, and over the long run the black
Elected 1982; b. Nov. 1, 1942, Charlotte, NC; home, York;
percentage here may rise. Still, the places here with the most rapid recent growth are along the
Davidson Col., A.B. 1964, Oxford U., M.A. 1966, Yale U., LL.B.
coast, especially the Grand Strand on either side of Myrtle Beach in Horry County. This is
1969; Presbyterian; married (Jane).
attracting migrants from other parts of the South, many of them affluent retirees, and almost all
Career: Operations Ofc. of Asst. Secy. of Defense, 1969-71;
of them white.
Practicing atty., 1971-82; Pres., Bank of Ft. Mill, 1973-82; Pres.,
Nonetheless this is a district where black voters have had the satisfaction of influencing
Spratt Insur. Agcy., 1973-82.
congressional politics greatly since the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In 1972 they ousted the
Offices: 1533 LHOB 20515, 202-225-5501. Also Box 350, Rock
chairman of the House District of Columbia Committee, John McMillan, who was often
Hill 29731, 803-327-1114; 39 E. Calhoun St., Sumter 29150, 803-
accused of being a racist. In 1974 and 1982 they ousted Republican congressmen who had
773-3362; and Box 964, Laurens 29360. 803-984-5323.
gotten in under special circumstances. The current congressman, Robin Tallon, is a Democrat
Committees: Armed Services (18th of 31 D). Subcommittees:
who had the happy assignment of facing in 1982 the Republican who had beaten convicted
Investigations; Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems. Gov-
Abscam defendant John Jenrette in 1980. Tallon, a Democratic legislator and clothing chain
ernment Operations (15th of 24 D). Subcommittees: Commerce,
store owner, had strong support from blacks as Jenrette did, and concentrated his campaign
Consumer, and Monetary Affairs: Government Information, Jus-
efforts on turning out the black vote. He ran close to racial percentages in most counties, but won
tice, and Agriculture.
enough white votes in Horry County to win districtwide with 52%. Since then it has been no
contest. Tallon was reelected with 76% in 1986 and 1988. Even the national ticket doesn't hurt
Group Ratings
much. Michael Dukakis lost the district, but only by a 56%-44% margin. Any incumbent with
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the franking privilege who can't run 7% ahead of the head of his ticket doesn't deserve to be in
1988
55
57
61
64
75
29
30
33
57
29
Congress.
1987
72
-
57
50
9
-
-
-
47
21
No one has ever accused Tallon of being an intellectual. He has a good old boy style, as you
National Journal Ratings
might expect of a small city clothing store owner, that goes over well at Rotary Club meetings
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
and in black churches. His record is fairly liberal on economic and foreign policy, solidly
53%
46%
conservative on cultural issues. In the House he is a member of the Agriculture Committee and
Economic
40%
-
58%
-
Social
50%
-
50%
48%
50%
of Charlie Rose's Tobacco and Peanuts Subcommittee. He has worked for South Carolina
-
Foreign
56%
-
43%
56%
-
44%
research projects, to beef up the Grand Strand beaches, to fund a hybrid striped bass project,
and to maintain tobacco export credits despite reports of corruption by leaf dealers. His
Key Votes
approach is not subtle. "South Carolina has the potential to become the Holly Farms of striped
1) Homeless $
AGN
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
FOR
bass," he said on one issue. "The tobacco farmer in my district and elsewhere should be the point
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
of reference for any government program, domestic or export," he said on another.
3) Deficit Reduc
FOR
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
AGN
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice
FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
Election Results
1988 general
John M. Spratt, Jr. (D)
107,959
(70%)
($105,620)
Robert Carley (R)
46,622
(30%)
($8,449)
1988 primary
John M. Spratt, Jr. (D), unopposed
1986 general
John M. Spratt, Jr. (D), unopposed
($66,944)
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 575,900, up 10.9% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 519,273, up 23.6% 1970-80.
Households (1980): 80% family, 49% with children, 63% married couples; 28.4% housing units rented:
median monthly rent: $104; median house value: $33,100. Voting age pop. (1980): 347,458; 37% Black.
1% Spanish origin.
SIXTH DISTRICT
The 6th Congressional District of South Carolina is part of the state's Low Country, north and
east of Charleston, up to the North Carolina border. Here the rivers wind lazily toward the
shoreline. where they come upon the barrier islands now developed as South Carolina's Grand
Strand. Inland you find tobacco fields; 15 acres can support a family, though not very well.
which helps to explain why tobacco area politicians defend its interests so assiduously. This was
1988 Presidential Vote:
once plantation country, and a large percentage of the people here are black; three of the
Bush (R)
89,068
(56%)
counties have black majorities, and overall the district is 37% black. This is the highest
Dukakis (D)
70,037
(44%)
1112
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
1113
Rep. Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
Elected 1982; b. Aug. 8, 1946, Hemingway; home, Florence; U. of
SC, 1964-65; United Methodist: married (Amy).
SOUTH DAKOTA
Career: Retail clothing store owner. 1965-present: Real estate
broker and developer, 1982-present: SC House of Reps., 1980-82.
Offices: 432 CHOB 20515, 202-225-3315. Also P.O. Box 6286,
Florence 29502, 803-669-9084; and Horry Cnty. Cthse., Conway
Half a century ago, work was stopped on Mount Rushmore. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum's design
29526, 803-248-6256.
had not been fully chiseled out of the granite-crested mountain; Lincoln's beard was not finished,
and Washington had been carved only to the lapels. But the looming war cut off federal subsidy
Committees: Agriculture (12th of 27 D). Subcommittees: Con-
of the project, and the four likenesses were recognizable-a national monument, the American
servation, Credit, and Rural Development; Cotton, Rice, and
Sugar; Tobacco and Peanuts. Merchant Marine and Fisheries
political tradition embodied in a physically remote, forbidding environment. By this time Mount
(14th of 25 D). Subcommittees: Fisheries and Wildlife Conserva-
Rushmore had already become a symbol not just of patriotism but of the American can-do spirit;
tion and the Environment; Merchant Marine.
the seemingly wacky idea of carving statues out of a faraway mountaintop had been sanctioned
when it was dedicated by President Calvin Coolidge in 1927, on the same summer vacation when
he handed out slips of paper to reporters that read, "I do not choose to run for president in 1928."
And it was built in the Black Hills where the state that became South Dakota got its start, all
Group Ratings
of a sudden, a half century before in 1876. That year, as General George Custer suited up in the
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Dakota Territory on his way to be slaughtered by Crazy Horse's Sioux at Little Big Horn,
1988
40
52
69
73
69
60
33
90
62
28
prospectors discovered gold in the Black Hills-a discovery that marked the end for the Indians
1987
44
-
67
50
-
39
-
-
60
25
and their buffalo, as prospectors swarmed into land that treaties had reserved for the Indians. It
National Journal Ratings
was the year Calamity Jane ruled in the saloons of Deadwood, and Wild Bill Hickock was shot in
the back there while holding up two pair, aces and eights. It was a year when hunters started
1988 LIB 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Economic
46%
-
52%
49%
50%
slaughtering the buffalo, who could not be contained by barbed wire fences so thoroughly that
-
Social
40%
-
58%
48%
-
50%
by the time Teddy Roosevelt got to the Dakota Territory in 1885 he had a hard time finding one
to shoot.
Foreign
44%
-
55%
28%
-
70%
The mining towns flared brightly and then went dim or flickered out, though they're still
Key Votes
taking gold out of one mine in Lead. But their fame attracted settlers, already headed west, to
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
AGN
9) SDI Research
FOR
the plains of the Dakota Territory. It was not long before the railroad came through, before the
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
Indians were massacred in 1890 at Wounded Knee, before enough settlers, many of them
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
German and Scandinavian immigrants recruited by the railroads and land speculators, had built
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice AGN
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
sodhouses and broken the land and set down roots to justify admitting both Dakotas to the Union
Election Results
in 1889.
1988 general
Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
120,719
(76%)
($243,559)
That was just the moment that the Census Bureau and historian Frederick Jackson Turner
Bob Cunningham (R)
37,958
(24%)
($10,604)
proclaimed the closing of the American frontier. But bits and pieces of frontier, of marchland
1988 primary
Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
65,608
(89%)
between the English-speaking American civilization and the civilizations that preceded it,
Luther Lightly, Jr. (D)
8,448
(11%)
remained then and remain now around the country. You can still see them in South Dakota. In
1986 general
Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
92,398
(76%)
($269,708)
the 25 years between statehood and World War I, the eastern third of the state, sectioned off
Bob Cunningham (R)
29,922
(24%)
($61,949)
Midwestern style into 640 acre square miles, filled up with farmers. But before you get to the
Missouri River in the middle of the state, green turns to brown, cultivation grows sparser and
then stops, the land is punctuated not by roads meeting every mile at precise angles but by buttes
and gullies and grasslands sweeping all the way to the horizon with no sign of human habitation.
These are the plains where the Sioux once built a civilization based on hunting the buffalo, and
where the Sioux live today, on or just off reservations; currently, 7% of South Dakotans are
Indians. This is not an entirely peaceful frontier even yet: in 1973 Wounded Knee was occupied
by Indian militants, and not until 1984 did Indian leader Dennis Banks return to serve his
sentence for riot and assault.
By 1910 South Dakota's settlement patterns were established-with patches of frontier left
here and there-and the state's political character had been pretty well set. During the 1890s
voters here flirted briefly with the Populists and William Jennings Bryan: but by the 1920s,
South Dakota had become almost as monolithically Republican as Nebraska. Voters in South
Sally 6573
THE WHITE HOUSE
day-long briefings WASHINGTON (Marriott)
Thurmond luncheon - night reception
brief remarks 5 min
200-250
Robt Adams experience
Thurmond compaign
fion grow th; defense
803/252-1990
Press Club
PACs
A Salute to Am's Greatest leaders
Thurmond 30 - Brief rem
Agaj heads /Cab.
Bush
Sununu /day
Nenson Moore
Kirkpatrick (hinch)
Sec. Derwinski
Brady
(dep. sec yeutter
RCV BY:THE WHITE HOUSE
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FAX TRANSMITTAL
Post Office Box 90693
Columbia. SC 29290
(803) 254-1990
FAX (803) 254-7167
TO: Peggy Dooley (202) 456-6218
FROM: Robert Adams
DATE: 4-2-90
RE: Thurmand Articles
TIME:
NO. OF PAGES 9 (Including this page)
IF THERE ARE ANY PROBLEMS WITH THIS TRANSMISSION, PLEASE CALL.
Peggy - Hope this is what you are
looking for elt may be appropuate for
the President to mention Ju Attwater in
his remarks. Lee get his start in politics
Extended Page
1.1
under sen. Thurmand + we are all through
about min these days (as alim sinc write
House folhs are too)
Thanks, frosnt
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At 87, Thurmond's not slowing down
stromd
THE
NEWS
FRED
ROLLISON
Sen. Strom Thurmond flexes his muscles when as
he feels during a news
conference Monday at the Airport. With him are
Courson; John Drummond and Rep. David Wilkin
Senator opens bid for re-election
2/13/90 Grl News
By Dan Hoover
I have never felt a stronger obli-
penalty under federal law. And he
Chief capital correspondent
gation to continue my work for the
added a new wrinkle, expressing
Proclaiming that he feels "like a
future of our state and our nation,'
concern about mounting environ-
million dollars," 87-year-old Sen.
suggesting that retirement after a 57
mental pollution.
Strom Thurmond announced his can-
year public career that began with a
Accompanied by his 43-year-old
didacy Monday for a seventh re-elec-
1933 legislative term has no
wife, Nancy, and bipartisan cam-
tion campaign.
attraction for him.
paign co-chairmen, state Sens. John
Reading from a three-page text
Thurmond called for caution in
Courson, R-Columbia, and John
from which he never missed a word,
reducing defense expenditures. The
Drummond, D-Greenwood, Thur-
Thurmond made no promises -
veteran lawmaker also said he'll
mond made his re-election an-
except to be Strom Thurmond.
seek a balanced-budget amendment
In all my years of public service,
to the U.S. Constitution, and a death
See Thurmond, Page 5A
3
2024566218:#
The Greenville News
In his prep
910625-
Thurmond opens bid for re-election
mond linked
said were F
tives that cui
has been lukewarm.
The effect of age, Thurmond
close ties to the Reagan and Bush
tion, reduce
Continued from Page 1A
Democrats, with an eye toward
said, "depends on the individual.
administrations " that will en-
growing eco
nouncement in a series of a half-
making political capital over
If he's overcised and dieted
able me to do more for South Car-
the nation's
dozen airport news conferences
Thurmond's age, commissioned a
and taken care of himself, why
olina than ever before."
Looking al
around the state, including the
poll several weeks ago to assess
they're still active."
He has been unopposed for re-
"We now fai
Greenville-Spartanburg Airport.
public opinion and perhaps use
Raising his arms over his head
election twice and only Democrat
est challeng
If re-elected, Thurmond
the findings to recruit a viable
in a weightlifter's pose, Thur-
Charles "Pug" Ravenel in 1978
few years, V
could surpass Theodore Green of
challenger. But party sources
mond left little doubt that he had
has provided Thurmond with a se-
priorities an
R hode Island who retired in 1961
have described the results as
at 93 as the oldest man to serve in
just given a self-portrait.
rious challenge.
tion of a new
much less than encouraging and
Except for 1978 when he took
Calling I
3:34PM
the U.S. Senate. With the death of
are unlikely to use it as an issue
With a war chest steadily
55.6 percent of the vote, Thur-
U.S. Rep. Claude Pepper of Flor-
barring a sudden deterioration in
marching toward the $1 million
mond's victories have been blow-
improvement
ida in 1989, Thurmond became the
Thurmond's apparent vigor.
mark, his strategists hope to fur-
outs with 62.2 percent his lowest.
ity of life,
oldest member of Congress.
ther discourage any serious chal-
would work
Just to make sure, Thurmond
A Republican since 1964, Thur-
So far, Thurmond has no oppo-
outlined his exercise regimen
lenge.
and the E
mond began his career as a Dem-
2-90
sition on the horizon. Only Phil
that he said includes includes dai-
Thurmond, whose senate care-
ocrat, but ran for president in 1948
strengthen 1
Lader of Hilton Head Island, run-
ly calisthenics and a half-mile
er dates to his 1954 victory as his-
under the banner of the States'
During a
4-
ner-up for the 1986 Democratic
swim three times a week
tory's lone successful write-in
Rights Party - the so-called
swer sessio
gubernatorial nomination, has
"instead of going out to cocktail
candidate for that office, made
"Dixiecrats" - and carried four
senator to
indicated any interest and that
parties."
note of both his seniority and
states with 39 electoral votes.
issues:
3.
Extended Page
Tuesday, February 13, 1990 5A
pared remarks, Thur-
Military spending: "Some of it
1 himself with what he
can (be cut), but we can't jeop-
Reagan-Bush initia-
ardize the freedom of the people
urtailed the 1970s infla-
of this nation. What's happening
:ed interest rates in a
in Eastern Europe is just wonder-
:onomy, and restored
ful, it makes my heart glad; on
military power.
the other hand, there are other
ahead, Thurmond said,
nations that can cause trouble."
ace some of our great-
Budget deficits: "I passed a
ages
Over the next
constitutional amendment
we will be setting new
through the Senate in in 1984,
and building the founda-
mandating a balanced budget;
W century."
the leaders in the House killed
for protection and
it. We could save billions of
ent of the nation's qual-
dollars because log-rolling goes
:, Thurmond said he
on in Congress the same way it
k to improve education
does in state legislatures.
environment and
Crime and drugs: "We must
1 the American family.
take steps to let the criminal
a brief question-and-an-
know he can't take charge of this
ion with reporters, the
country. At the national level, we
touched on several
need the power of the death pen-
alty."
Thewashington
Times 2-13-90
Thurmond, 87,
will seek 7th term
as S.C. senator
"That was the turning point in his
By Major Garrett
political life," said Hastings Wyman,
THE VIMINGTON TAMES
a former aide to Mr. Thurmond and
South Carolina Sen Strom Thur
publisher of Southern Political Re-
mond. an 87-year-old Republican
port. "It spelled the end of racial
teatotaler who used to fight civil
politics in the state. It showed a car-
rights legislation with wrestling
tain willingness to change."
holds and the filibuster, said yester
As former chairman and DOW
day he will seek a seventh term in
ranking minority member of the Ju-
Sen. Strom Thurmond
diclary Committee and former pres-
Congress. "In all my years of public service,
ident pro tempore of the Senate, Mr.
In 1954, after serving as governor,
I have never felt a stronger obliga-
Thurmond's influence and party
Mr. Thurmond bucked party bosess
tion to continue my work for the fu-
prestige virtually is unmatched.
and was elected w the Senate as a
ture of our state and our nation," Mr.
"I wouldn't elect a men just be
write-in candidate, a first in U.S.
Thurmond told supporters yester-
cause of his seniority, but If he has
politics. As be had promised voters,
day at Alken (S.C.) Municipal Air-
all the other qualifications then it
he resigned in 1956 - after two
port. "I might be letting (you] down
should be counted, and it is very
years in office - TEE a the Demo-
if 1 leave now."
helpful," Mr. Thurmond said yester-
cratic ticket and WORL
Mr. Thurmond, a former Demo-
day.
In 1957, he established a Security
crat, said his priorities in his seventh
On the Judiciary Committee, Mr.
record for a one-man filiburter by
term would be improving education
Thurmend shapherded many Res-
speaking for 24 hours and 18 min-
and protecting the environment
gan administration judicial appoint-
uses against a civil rights bill pushed
from hezardous wasteand pollution.
⑉ safely onto the federal bench,
by follow Democratic Sen. Lyndon
If elected. Mr. Thurmond would
losing only one of 300 confirmation
Johnson of Texas.
be one month past his 94th birthday
votes. He helped to deliver the South
to Richard Nixon at the 1968 Repub-
In 1964, Mr. Thurmond wrestled
at the and of his term and would
lican National Convention and has
then-Sen. Raiph Yarborough of
become the oldest member ever to
serve in Congress. Theodore Francis
been seen as a party broker ever
Texas to the ground to keep the lib-
Green, Rhode Island Democrat, was
since.
eral Democrat from reaching the
Mr. Thurmond's vibrant health
Senate floor B provide a quartites for
93 years and three months when he
and self-deprecating wit have made
pending civil rights Ingislation. No
left the Senate in 1961.
age an asset, just as it was for former
switched parties that year over the
Democrate do not have an an-
nounced candidate, but Hilton Head
President Reagan. Mr. Thurmand
civil rights issue, announcing his
businessment Phil Lader, the former
married his current wife, Nancy
support of GOP presidential candi-
president of Winthrop College, is be
when be was 66 and she was 22 The
date Barry Goldwater.
ing world by Louisiana Sen. John
couple's four children are campaign
Mr. Thurmond's early opposition
favorites across the state, Mr.
to civil rights became an insue in the
Breaus Mr. Thurmond's stance on civil
Wyman said.
1978 campaign; but be blunted celt-
rights has moderated with his age
"He has not in any way demon-
icism by pointing to his support for
and the ascendancy of black politi-
strated that he's 87," said Wendy
black judges appointed to the find-
DeMocker, spokeswoman for the Re-
eral bench and by voting to reasw
cal influence in the South. In South 1971.
miblican Senate Campaign Commit-
the Civil Rights Act and to crewit a
Federal holiday in honor of the Rev.
Extended Page
4.1
cal influence 181 MM
Mr. Thurmond was the first South
Carollation is Congress to hire a
tes. "He walks and talks so vigor.
publican Senate Campaign -
faderal holiday in DOBOT or LIVE -
Martin Luther King Jr
black professional staffer
ously."
RCV
Dwight Drake, former aide to
LEE BANDY
Democratic Gov. Dick Riley, says
age In and of Itself should not be
kind of detrimental factor
long as that person is capable
doing the job,
Democratic pollster Harrison
Hickman agrees, saying that age
only becomes a negative in à libil
campaign when a candidate
begins to falter or his mind falls
him. He then recalled à Thus mond
misstep at a campaign rally on
the state Capitol steps In 1988
when the senator urged South
Washington Bureau
to
Carolina voters to get out there
and support Dwight Eisenhower
Campaigning
for president. He meant George
Bush.
cuel
can see somebody rolling
key, not age
that one on television Hickman
suggested.
In 1980, age was blatantly
WASHINGTON
used, by Republican Slade Gordon
Sen. Strom Thurmond, the
oldest member of Congress
against Democratic Sen Warren
a phrase the Republican
Magnuson of Washington, who at
the time was chairman of the
lawmaker can expect to read and
Senate Commerce Committee.
hear throughout his re election
Gordon ran a TV spot showing
campaign this year
Magnuson, who was failing in
Does it bother him? Nah, he
says.
have
health, slowly descending an
Could it undermine his re- ining
airplane ramp while a clock on
the side of the screen ticked away
election chances? Possibly. Much 910
depends on the quality of his Institution
the time it took him to get to the
opposition - right now he has Dog
ground. The commercial ended
with the slogan. "Slade Gordon for
none. It also depends on how well $
Thurmond, at B7, stands up under
new vigorous leadership
the rigors of day-to-day
The Magnuson campaign
answered the attack with its own
campaigning. 912, 0 THE
Democrats are trying to
TV spot: When you've got clout
recruit Phil Lader,'a 43-year-old
they don't start the meeting until
Harvard-educated Hilton Head
you get there, Gordon won;
businessman who is energetic, plant
! Generally, however, age is à
bright and articulate. Lader,
sensitive area to explore and can
backfire as an Issue If not handled
however, can't make up his mind
between running for governor OF
in a more subtle fashion than in
Senate or just staying putu
the Gordon-Magnuson contest bise
What attracts Lader's Interest
People like Strom
is $ Democratic poll showing &
Thurmond, cautioned a strategist
whole new generation of voters
with the Democratic Senatorial
who don't feel any attachment total
Campaign Committee, They don't
the senior senator. Those feelings
want to see anybody go out there
and be mean and treat him
by another finding. While these
are tempered somewhat, howeveren
unfair
ris
Jumith
younger voters may have some
Thurmond, a nonstop.
doubts about Thurmond and show
campaigner, will attempt to
some inclination to support,
downplay the age Issue in 1990
another candidate, they also do
He'll utilize his youthful family a
not want to see the senator 8
lot on the stump, decline any
or embarrassed, says a
public debate to avoid comparison
Democratic consultant who has
with à younger candidate, and be
find a soft spot in
studied the poll over and over to Mint on
portrayed in television ads às an
urfusually active 87-vear-old
Extended Page
!
over
find a soft spot in Thurmond's
Nim
unusually active 87-year-old man
Voters will see him working out In
support.
a health club and hear his 43
Democrats have quietly raised
the age issue with small groups of
year-old wife wondering "where
Strom gets his energy.
voters in focus group sessions the
1.19
the Pledmont. Age is one area
Hickman says It won't work
Reople know television ads are
where they think Thurmond might
be vulnerable.
staged to put the candidate in the
When asked If age should be
best possible light The campaign.,4
will be the only real test. If he
an issue, Lader responds, That's
refuses to debate, that will be
not for me to determine. That's up
much more telling to the voters
to the voters. They will decide If
heils serving effectively
he predicts
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(2-18
Unassallable 00 for NB 1069
That could be a moot point. bino
Dan
There's no one I know of in
the state who can beat Strom, or я
Hoover
even come close Democratic
U.S. Rep. Butler Derrick of the
3rd District said last Week?
Well armed
niv
Derrick, who introduced legis-
lation to rename Clarks Hill Lake
for the race
in honor of Thurmond and who HI
STAT
halls from the senator's home
The man raised his arms in the
county of Edgefield, said, "My 2 you
best wishes to him,
muscle-flexing pose of a weight
lifter.
Another Democrat, University
For 87-year-old U.S. Sen: Strem
of South Carolina political scien-
tist Earl Black forecasts another
Thurmond, the act during last
cakewalk for a Thurmond on
11
Monday's Greenville stopover on
a statewide flying tour to an-
the fast track toward becoming
the oldest U.S. senator ever
nounce his seventh bid for no elec-
tion was as symbolic as it was a
Black views a challenge to
demonstration of his fitness.
Thurmond as an exercise in futill 9011
especially this late.
After a public career that ex-
Siqued
Charles Bud" Ferillo, a Co-
ceeds the lifespan of many folks,
lumbia-based Democratic consul
Thurmond can flex muscles of
bill
both pulsating sinew and political
tant reluctantly suggests that
know
Democrats invest their time and,
clout THERE
birth
To Illustrate that, It's almost
treasure more productively else
March of an election year and
where, like Florida swampland
Thurmond remains unopposed.
As a good Democrat, I'm
reluctant to discourage any qual-
Apparently, only an on-again,
ified Democrat, but, I don't see (a
off-again Phil Lader, Winthrop
not
U.S. Senate victory) in the cards
unil
College president turned 1986
in 1990 " 9W 00 DU
Democratic gubernatorial runner
hurmond, he says, is unbeata
11
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Thurmond, Campbell get
high job approval ratings
from voters, pollster finds
Both seeking re election this year
By Dan Hoover
participants' response when it
Chief capital correspondent
was taken in February.
COLUMBIA
Republican
Warren Tompkins, Campbell's
U.S. Sen. Strom Thurmond and
chief of staff and political strateg-
Gov. Carroll Campbell hold job
Ist, made the South Carolina por-
approval ratings among South
tion of a national poll by Teeter's
Carolina voters of 85 and 78 per-
Michigan-based firm available to
cent, respectively, according to a
The News.
survey done by presidential
He said in an interview that
pollster Robert Teeter
Campbell's rating, one per-
Ratings cut a broad swath
centage point above that of Presi-
across party, economic, racial
dent Bush, "puts a valid stamp of
and gender lines.
approval on what Carroll Camp-
bell has tried to do" in economic
Both Thurmond and Campbell
development, education, and Hur-
are seeking re-election this year
ricane Hugo recovery
Portions of the poll showed also
You don't get numbers in the
that both men would win re-elec-
tion dwerwhelmingly, based on
See Poll Page 5B
Poll
Continued from Page 1B
high 70s just by no screwing up,
he said.
But Democrats see it different
ly.
They have maintained that the
Notional
poils reflect voter association
with the last general election in
1988, in which President Bush
swept better than 60 percent of
the Palmetto State's votes, and
fail to factor in their party's over.
whelming edge in elected officials
at all levels.
P.I.
The poll was conducted Feb. 22
28 with a sampling of 500 selected
deraint
via random digit dialing, with
mount to Heal
those not registered to vote
screened out. It had a margin of
error of plus or minus 4 percent,
nosumie
Racial breakdowns of 74.8 per-
endoridues Rediod
cent white and 25.2 percent black
FILE
tracked state voter registration
percentages of 73.9 and 25.9. But,
Gov. Carroll Campbell, left, and Sen. Strom
a 50.2-49.8 maie-female split did
Thurmond, both seeking re-election this year, hold,
not reflect the statewide per-
high job approval ratings among South Carolina
centage of 44.7-55.3 among regis-
voters, according to a recent survey that Democrats
tered voters.
refute
The random digit dialing meth-
The random dign warmg
od-by Teeter's Coldwater Corp.
publicans, and 75 and 62 percent
nation, neither was included.
Extended Page
3.1
also resulted in some statistical
from blacks.
Tompkins said that Riley was
imbalance, with the 6th Congres-
sional District in the Pee Dee be-
At 15 percent, more than twice
matched because of a perception
as many Republicans rated
ing overly represented at 18.4
that they represented the strong-
percent of the sampling with
Campbell as unfavorable as they
est Democratic opposition and
other districts ranging from a low
did Thurmond. Among Demo-
because the South Carolina
crats, 22 percent rated Thurmond
of 15.6 percent for the coastal 1st
portion of the poll was limited. Ri-
District to a high of 17.6 for the
unfavorable, 23 percent for
ley has said he will not seek any
Campbell.
Midlands 2nd District.
office in 1990 and plans to run for
The poll also set up separate
re-election in 1992.
Participants were asked,
trial heats between both Repub-
While no one has announced
'Please tell me if your general
licans and two Democrats,
against Thurmond, Lader has
impression of Strom Thurmond/
Charleston Mayor Joseph Riley
indicated some interest in both
Carroll Campbell is very favor-
Jr. and Hilton Head businessman
races.
able, somewhat favorable, very
Phil Lader, the runner-up for the
Matched against Riley, Thur-
unfavorable, or somewhat unfa
1986 Democratic gubernatorial
mond won 67-23, with the balance
vorable."
nomination.
undecided or refusing to state a
Thurmond and Campbell had
Although state Sens. Theo
preference.
71- and 53-percent approval rat-
Mitchell of Greenville and Emest
Campbell's showing in a mythi-
ings, respectively, from Demo-
Passailaigue Jr. of Charleston
cal race against Riley was 61-27,
crats; 84 and 78 among
are announced candidates for the
with the rest undecided or de-
Independents; 95 and 87 from Re-
Democratic gubernatorial nomia
clining to answer.
HOUSE
:
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1
SUMTER ITEM
Tuesday, February 20, 1990
EDITORIAL
Strom again
Closest thing to sure bet in U.S. politics
gears up for seventh straight Senate run
here are not many
ic primary could select a
T
sure things in this
nominee for the remaining
day and age,
four years of the term. He
whether in the
won by 60,000 votes, won
world of sports or in public
again in 1956, switched to
affairs.
the Republican Party in
In professional football
1964, and kept on winning
the San Francisco 49ers are
and winning and winning.
mentioned as a possible dy-
A decorated World War II
nasty, but even that remark-
veteran, a circuit court
able team doesn't go to the
judge, a state senator, a law-
Super Bowl every year,
yer, a coach and teacher, a
though when they do they
governor. a farmer - there
usually make mincemeat of
isn't much that Strom Thur-
their opponents.
mond hasn't participated in,
And in boxing, the pre-
but politics has always been
vailing wisdom until a week
his forte, and his skills in
ago was that Mike Tyson
that arena have been unas-
would clean house on any
sailable. His roots in the
and all challengers.
state's basic conservative
As for public affairs, even
political fabric are deep,
Ronald Reagan had the lim-
and in recent years his out-
itation of two consecutive
reach to a growing black
terms as president to curtail
constituency has buttressed
his ascendancy. In the world
his stature. It doesn't hurt
of commerce, even Coca-
his appeal to have had two
Cola must contend with the
popular Republican presi-
challenge of Pepsi Cola. No,
dents in office for the past
there are few sure things -
10 years.
except for a certain U.S.
As for opposition this
Senate seat now occupied by
year, the Democrats are
an 87-year-old man who, as
scurrying around in search
one state Democrat recently
of a challenger, with Phil
observed facetiously, but not
Lader, former Winthrop Col-
without some credence,
lege president who unsuc-
"has entered the pantheon
cessfully ran against Mike
of the gods in South Caroli-
Daniel in the 1986 Demo-
na."
cratic primary for governor.
After 35 years in the U.S.
mentioned most frequently
Senate, Strom Thurmond is
as the designated sacrificial
running, for the seventh
lamb. So far Lader is not
time, for re-election. He was
showing great enthusiasm
the first and only candidate
for a costly - and probably
for Senate to be elected as a
futile - race against Thur-
was
mond. The age and vigor is-
for Senate 10
write-in candidate. That was
mona. The age
in 1954, the year Hurricane
sues would likely be raised
Extended Page
1.1
Hazel visited South Caroli-
by any opposition, but how
na's coast. Now, over three
do you make that stick
decades later and following
against someone with four
another hurricane, Thur-
young children?
mond is prepared to cake-
Thurmond, as always, has
walk his way into history to-
touched all the bases, and as
ward becoming the oldest
is his style, isn't taking any-
senator ever.
thing for granted as his well-
Today's new generation of
stocked campaign treasury
voters weren't even born
attests. Already his TV com-
when Thurmond was first
mercials are reminding po-
elected as a maverick Demo-
tential voters that he is seek-
crat who took on the formi-
ing re-election. If there is
:
dable "Barnwell Ring" led
anyone contemplating a run
by state Sen. Edgar Brown.
at the octogenarian, Thur-
Brown was nominated in
mond is not wasting any
1954 by his party to succeed
time in throwing down the
Burnet R. Maybank, who
gauntlet.
died before the general
Barring any unforeseen
election after having won
developments, Strom Thur-
the primary unopposed.
mond, the nearest thing to a
Thurmond was astute
sure thing on today's politi-
enough to promise, if elect-
cal scene, is about to enjoy
ed, to resign in 1956 so that
another free ride back to
voters in the next Democrat-
Washington.
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Thurmond has budgeted $3
million. for his campaign but is
prepared to spend up to $6 million,
(I-d
if necessary, to win re-election to a
seventh six-year term. (1)
The senator formally launched
4-D
The State/Columbia, S.
his campaign last month with
whirlwind tour! of the state and a'
television ad blitz that portrayed R
an energetic 87-year-old lifting
weights, doing situps, and scurrying is
LEE BANDY
about the Capitol
The message was clear
Thurmond, despite his advanced
years, is in good health.
In the Teeter poll, 60 percent of
the voters "said they knew
no
Thurmond was in his 80s. But an
overwhelming majority of those
people, 169 percent, indicated that
they would vote for him.
The Democrats posed a similar
question in a poll in November and
came up with a similar result.
While voters indicated that they
Washington Bureau
would be less likely to support
someone in his 80s, Thurmond was
vilanceing the
a special case, they said. W
Democratic, pollster Harrison
Is Thurmond
Hickman, who took the survey,
found it somewhat amusing that
"unstoppable?
Thurmond would address the age
issue so early in the campaign.
aid WASHINGTON
He viewed it as a defensive
move.
of If Democratic businessman Phil
Lader were to decide to challenge
'Physical fitness is not really
GOP Sen. Strom Thurmond; he
the issue. It really, doesn't answer
would probably need about two
the question" of mental fitness, he
said.
years to make a race out of it.
inter
Unfortunately, the election is this
The Democratic candidate
November, hardly enough time to
could stipulate that Thurmond is
bget cranked "up: and mount an
physically fit and still have age end
effective campaign against an
up being an issue. People aren't
institution. 03 15. new
going to ask, 'How many push-ups
one Lader, who has been pondering
can he do?
estimated
in Senate bid since last fall, has
The Teeter poll, however, shows
until April 30, the filing deadline, to
that Thurmond enjoys rock-solid
Make up his mind 1 (If
support among state: voters. Sixty-
be Thurmond's people, armed with
nine percent of those surveyed say
fresh polling data, appear
they will support him regardless of
Aconfident. A telephone survey of
who runs against him/v eval
-500 registered voters taken by
of Hickman, however, thinks those
Republican pollster Robert Teeter
numbers can be reversed with the
Feb: 22-28 shows the senior senator
clobbering Lader 75 percent to 17
right type of campaign. The trick,
he said, is to show that the senator'
percent. Teeter said the poll has a
margin of error of plus or minus 4
age has become "a symbol of being
percent.
PROE
deeN
out of touch" politically, that his
If Charleston Mayor Joseph
views are "backward" or "old-
Riley were to run; it would be a
fashioned in modern, rapidly
little closer but not much
changing world: eas, 9d faill insured)
Still, it's going to be tough.
SWIL, IL B going to we wash.
Extended Page
2.1
Thurmond would win that race 67
percent to 23 percent, according to
According to Teeter, 83 percent of
the voters view Thurmond as a
4
Teeter.
"Thurmond is even stronger
living legend," 82 percent believe
than we thought," said Charles
he has more political clout than
Black, a partner in Black, Manafort
ever; 70 percent feel he has served
and Stone, a Republican consulting
the nation and state well; 63
firm retained by the senator.
percent say people are better off
"I don't see how anybody can
with Thurmond as their senator,
touch him.'
and 80 percent expect him to win.
Thurmond, who has been in the
Earl Black, chairman of the
Senate for 35 years, was recognized
University of South Carolina
by 98 percent of the voters in the
political science department, said,
poll. His job approval rating was 87
I don't see how be can possibly
percent. Only 31 percent of the
lose."
voters identified Lader.
Lader, who has a large leftover
campaign debt from his
gubernatorial bid. four years ago,
would need to spend $2 million
just to get in the game, Black
said
with
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A
Strom
THURMOND
UNITED STATES SENATOR
SOUTH CAROLINA
FAX TO:
Dooley
OFFICE:
Wnite House
PHONE:
DATE: 4-3-90
TIME: 2:35
PAGE 1 OF 8
SUBJECT: INFO
URGENT, PLEASE CALL WHEN RECEIVED
FROM:
PAM Montgomery
**NOTE:
If you do not receive the number of pages specified
please call.
United States Senate
e
Washington, D.C. 20510-4001
(202) 224-5972 FAX (202) 224-1300
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SENATOR STROM THURMOND'S SERVICE RANKING AMONG ALL
WHO HAVE SERVED IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE
Projected As of January 3, 1991
Years
Months
1) Hayden, Carl T.
D-AZ
3/4/1927 - 1/2/1969
41
10
2) Stennis, John C.
D-MS
11/5/1947 - 1/2/1989
41
2
3) Long, Russell B.
D-LA
12/31/1948 - 1/2/1987
38
4) Russell, Richard B.
D-GA
1/12/1933 - 1/21/1971
38
5) Warren, Francis E.
R-WY
11/18/1890 - 3/3/1893
3/4/1895 - 11/24/1929
37
6) Eastland, James O.
D-MS
6/30/1941 - 9/28/1941
1/3/1943 - 12/27/1978
36
3
7) Magnuson, Warren
D-WA
12/14/1944 - 1/2/1981
36
8) McKellar, Kenneth
D-TN
3/4/1917 - 1/2/1953
35
10
9) Young, Milton
R-ND
3/12/1945 - 1/2/1981
35
9
10) Smith, Ellison D.
D-SC
3/4/1909 - 11/17/1944
35
8
(35 years, 8 months, 13 days)
11) Ellender, Allen J.
D-LA
1/3/1937 - 7/27/1972
35
7
(12) Thurmond, Strom
R-SC
12/24/1954 - 4/4/1956
11/7/1956 - present
35
5
(35 Years, 5 Months, 8 Days)
13) Allison, William B.
R-IA
3/4/1873 - 8/4/1908
35
5
14) McClellan, John
D-AR
1/3/1943 - 11/28/1977
34
11
15) George, Walter
D-GA
11/22/1922 - 1/2/1957
34
1
16) Aiken, George
R-VT
1/10/1941 - 1/2/1975
34
17) Borah, William E.
R-ID
3/4/1907 - 1/19/1940
32
10
18) Byrd, Harry F.
D-VA
3/4/1933 - 11/10/1965
32
8
19) Sparkman, John
D-AL
11/6/1946 - 1/2/1979
32
2
20) Byrd, Robert C.
D-WV
1/3/1959 - present
32
21) Sherman, John
R-OH
3/21/1861 - 3/8/1877
3/4/1881 - 3/5/1897
31
11
22) Morrill, Justin S.
R-VT
3/4/1867 - 12/28/1898
31
10
23) Lodge, Henry C.
R-MA
3/4/1893 - 11/9/1924
31
8
24) Proxmire, William
D-WI
8/28/1957 - 1/2/1989
31
4
25) Hill, Lister
D-AL
1/10/1938 - 1/3/1969
31
prepared by the
Senate Historical Office
May 19, 1989
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WALTER J. STEWART
RICHARD A. BAKER
HISTORIAN
SECRETARY
DONALD A. RITCHIE
ASSOCIATE HISTORIAN
Hnited States Senate
SUITE SH-201
WASHINGTON, DC 20810-7108
(202) 224-8900
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
HISTORICAL OFFICE
MEMORANDUM
May 19, 1989
TO:
Pam Montgomery
FROM: Dick Baker DiilBah
RE:
Senator Thurmond's Senate Service.
At the start of his next term, on January 3, 1991, Senator Thurmond
will have served in the Senate 35 years, 5 months, and 8 days. His
tenure will be exceeded by only 11 of the 1,792 persons who have served
since 1789.
He will surpass Ellison Smith (D-SC) 3 months and 6 days into his
new term. That would occur on April 9, 1991.
At the end of his next term, on January 2, 1997, he will have served
41 years, 5 months, and 8 days. This would place him ahead of all
senators who have ever served--except for Carl Hayden, who served 41
years and 10 months.
Rasph 334-645
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Senate Committee Service of Senator Strom Thurmond
Government Operations
1955-59
Interstate and Foreign Commerce*
1955-65 *(became Commerce in
1962)
Public Works
1955-57
Labor and Public Welfare
1957-59
Armed Services
1959-present
Banking and Currency
1965-67
Judiciary (Chairman 1981-86)
1967-present
Rules and Administration
1969-71
Joint Committee on the Library
1969-71
Veterans Affairs
1971-present
Labor and Human Resouces
1985-present
Compiled by:
John G. Noory
U.S. Senate Library
November 6, 1989
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Number of Bills and Resolutions
Sponsored and Cosponsored by
Senator Strom Thurmond
1973-1989
Congress
Year
Sponsored
Cosponsored
93
1973-74
53
227
94
1975-76
70
285
95
1977-78
68
476
96
1979-80
69
489
97
1981-82
137
520
98
1983-84
117
607
99
1985-86
133
704
100
1987-88
64
506
101
*
1989-90
54
297
Total
765
4,111
*Through 11/4/89
Compiled by:
John G. Noory
U.S. Senate Library
November 6, 1989
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Number of Recorded Votes Cast By
Senator Strom Thurmond
83rd-101st Congress
Congress
Year
Number of Votes
83-98
1954-84
10,053*
99
1985-86
10,780
100
1987-88
11,543
101/1
as of 11/3/89
11,831
*Senator Thurmond cast his 10,000th vote on 9/13/84, Roll Call Vote
No. 238.
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Aam
LIST OF HONORARY DEGREES GIVEN TO SENATOR STROM THURMOND
YEAR RECEIVED
NAME OF SCHOOL
TYPE OF DEGREE
1
1948
Bob Jones University
Doctor of Laws
:-
1960
Presbyterian College
Doctor of Laws
3-
1961
The Citadel
Doctor of Military Science
I-
1961
Clemson University
Doctor of Laws
;-
1965
Trinity College
Doctor of Humanities
Dunedin, Florida
:-
1970
California Graduate
Doctor of Laws
School of Technology
-
1973
Lander College
Doctor of Laws
1974
Yonsei University
Doctor of Laws
-
1974
Allen University
Doctor of Humane Letters
10-
1975
Limestone College
Doctor of Civil Laws
11-
1976
Baptist College
Doctor of Humane Letters
12-
1976
Erskine College
Doctor of Humane Laws
13-
1976
University of South
Doctor of Laws
Carolina
14-
1978
Lee Chiropractic
Doctor of Chiropractic
College
Humanities
15-
1978
Life Chiropractic
Doctor of Chiropractic
College- Marietta, GA.
Movement
16-
1981
Medical University
Doctor of Humane Letters
of South Carolina
17-
1981
Palmer College of
Doctor of Chiropractic
Chiropractic
Humanities
18-
1982
Winthrop College
Doctor of Laws
1y-
1983
Voorhees College
Doctor of Laws
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1
1983
Tri-County Technical
Doctor of Laws
College
21- 1984
Morris College
Doctor of Humanities
22- 1985
Chinese Culture
Doctor of Laws
University
23- 1985
College of Charleston
Doctor of Laws
24- 1986
Claflin College
Doctor of Humanities
25- 1988
South Carolina State
Doctor of Laws
College
26- 1988
Clinton Jr. College
Doctor of Humane Letters
17 1985
Furman
Doctor of Laws
Decemville university-
S.C.
(
8.1984
Marion
Teamcis
Doctor Humanities of
college
This sping
SI well
receive Han
Degrees from
Both converse
college waffoud +
college
McGroarty/Dooley
April 3, 1990
2:30 pm
[STROM]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: STROM THURMOND FUNDRAISER
NATIONAL PRESS CLUB
APRIL 10, 1990
6:30 P.M.
Thank you, Strom, for those kind words. It's my pleasure to
be here tonight -- to join this gathering in support of a man who
is an institution in American politics. The longest serving
member of the U.S. Congress -- Strom Thurmond.
[Introductory acknowledgements.] Finally, let me mention
one South Carolinian who can't be here tonight: Lee Atwater. //
I know Strom and I and everyone here tonight wish Lee a swift and
complete return to good health. // And all our thoughts are
with Lee and his wife Sally as they {prepare for/celebrate} a new
addition to the Atwater family. {The Atwaters' child is due
April 10 }
Strom, I've been down to your home state -- in the aftermath
of Hurricane Hugo. I know the people of South Carolina
appreciate all you're doing to help them dig out from under the
destruction Hugo left in his wake. That terrible tragedy brought
out the best in the people of South Carolina -- proved that the
bonds of community survived that storm undamaged -- and stronger
than ever.
If I know anything about South Carolina's spirit, I know
it's got high hopes heading into the 90's. And I know Strom
2
Thurmond feels the same way -- after all, you might say the 90's
are his decade. // 87 years young -- and active in politics for
more years than most of us has been alive. // [[ In fact,
there are some folks in South Carolina who've made a career out
of waiting to be Strom's successor. 1]
[[ Strom, I'm tempted to ask you, "What's your secret?" but
I'm afraid I'd get a lecture about eating my vegetables
]]
Let me speak for a moment about this man's remarkable
longevity. When Strom Thurmond first took his seat in the South
Carolina Senate in 1933, the greybeards, elder statesmen of his
day had been boys during the time of the Civil War. // Today,
after more than half a century serving the public interest,
Strom's got a direct interest in helping this nation prepare to
meet the challenges of a new century: 4 teenage children --
Nancy Moore, Strom the Second, Julie and Paul. //
Imagine looking out over a sweep of history that stretches
across two centuries. Hearing, first-hand, tales of a century
gone by -- sharing a child's dreams of the one yet to come.
Imagine shaping history, for six decades in elective office. //
That's a sense of perspective you can't replace. And that
perspective belongs to Strom Thurmond.
Strom, you know I don't put my faith in polls -- but I think
it's safe to say the people of South Carolina seem to be pretty
pleased with your work. // And that's no surprise. Here's a
man who's served his state and nation during the critical years
of this century. As South Carolina moved from the days of
3
grinding poverty and the tar-paper shack, to the days of growing
prosperity -- the high-tech renaissance -- of the new South
Carolina. As the nation shed its crippling legacy of division
and exclusion -- to recognize the equal rights of all. As the
United States stood fast for freedom in the world -- stood with
our allies in defense of democracy -- from the rise of the Soviet
superpower to the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Strom Thurmond first took his seat in the Senate back in
1954. The days of Ike and Khrushchev. Brown versus Board of
Education. He's seen a world of change -- and he's done his
share to steer this nation through times of tough passage. //
But let me tell you: we're here tonight because Strom's
work is not done yet. Strom, there are challenges ahead that
call for the hard-won wisdom you possess. //
I need -- America needs -- Strom Thurmond in the Senate. We
need his expertise in defense -- more than 30 years on the Senate
Armed Services panel -- as we restructure the American Armed
Forces to meet the changing threat to our national security. //
And today I call on Strom Thurmond to lead the way on
another issue, every bit as important as national security: I'm
talking about the war on crime and drugs. I need Strom's help -
- his great influence on his colleagues on the Judiciary
Committee, and on the Senate floor -- in passing the tough new
laws we need to fight crime in our cities and keep drugs off the
street. //
4
And when this old Circuit Judge and six-term Senator speaks
out -- on the need for key reforms of habeas corpus or the
exclusionary rule. Or in favor of the death penalty for drug
kingpins who kill cops -- I know his colleagues will listen. //
And when our Anti-Crime Package becomes law, a large share of the
credit will go to this man -- Strom Thurmond. 11
Strom, let me say for all you've done and for all you will
do: America thanks you -- and I'm sure the good citizens of
South Carolina will agree that Strom Thurmond has earned a
seventh term in the United States Senate. 11
Once again, let me thank all of you for this warm welcome -
- God bless you all.
# # #
Mare Mustalli
633-4606
hake Day
Diautons motto of Bldge
leading banner on sen. side
President's lime
Package - acted as
end Easter of next wk or after
recess
exclusionary rule, reform haveus
corpus anot pen procedures
$ parts have pasal d / enhanced
involving fains for immes
subat law apans
reforms
vigorast?
prombur 1 waTer
Fringana in
mhL
he \
swims 11/2 38 muk miles
works
9:30 am
4/5
April 5, 1990
DRAFT
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
CHRISS WINSTON
FROM:
DAN MCGROARTY
SUBJECT:
SENATOR THURMOND FUNDRAISER
I.
SUMMARY
On Tuesday, wed. April 10, at 6:30 p.m. you will address a
fundraiser for Senator Strom Thurmond at the National Press
Club. 200-250 people are expected at the event, called "A
Salute to America's Greatest Leaders." Senator Thurmond is
running for his seventh Senate term, and as yet has no
opponent.
The evening reception caps off a day-long series of
briefings -- held at the J.W. Marriott -- by such
Administration officials as Governor Sununu, Secretaries
Brady, Yeutter and Derwinski, Henson Moore, and Rod
DeArmant. Jeanne Kirkpatrick is the luncheon speaker.
Acknowl edgments are not yet available. Mrs. Thurmond will
II.
DISCUSSION scheduled to be there.
be at the event, and Senators Simpson + warner are tentatively
The remarks (6 min./cards) discuss Senator Thurmond's
vast experience and distinguished service in the Senate, and
the important role he can play in helping Presidential
initiatives -- especially the Anti-Crime Package and defense
issues -- because of his prominent Senate positions.
###
Reference in section On Lu Alwash uprs
Acknowledgments. Sally x6573 Salmon
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7
Strom
THURMOND
UNITED STATES SENATOR
SOUTH CAROLINA
FAX TO:
Pesso Doolg
OFFICE:
PHONE:
DATE:
TIME:
PAGE 1 OF
3
SUBJECT:
strom Thurmand
URGENT, PLEASE CALL WHEN RECEIVED
FROM:
Bill Outlan
**NOTE:
If you do not receive the number of pages specified
please call.
United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510-4001
(202) 224-5972 FAX (202) 224-1300
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SENATOR STROM THURMOND
1902
Born December 5 at Edgefield, S.C. (Present home, Aiken, S.C.)
1923
B.S. degree from Clemson University (also holds 27 honorary degrees)
1923-29
Teacher and Athletic Coach; McCormick, Ridge Spring and Edgefield, S.C.
1924
2nd Lt., U.S. Army Reserve; commissioned on January 9, 1924 upon becoming 21 years old
1929-33 Superintendent of Education, Edgefield County, S.C.
1930
Admitted to S.C. Bar (studied law under father, Judge J. William Thurmond)
1930-38 Attorney at Law, Edgefield, S.C. (City Attorney and County Attorney)
1933-38 State Senator, representing Edgefield County, S.C.
1938-46 Circuit Judge of South Carolina (four year leave of absence for World War II service)
1942-46 World War II; First U.S. Army-American, European and Pacific Theaters. Landed in Normandy
on D-Day with 82nd Airborne Division, awarded 5 Battle Stars. For his military service, earned 18
decorations, medals and awards, including the Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster, Purple Heart,
Bronze Star for Valor, Belgian Order of the Crown, and French Croix de Guerre.
1947-51 Governor of South Carolina
1947
Married Jean Crouch of Elko, S.C., November 7: Deceased January 6, 1960
1948
Candidate for President of the U.S., carried 4 States and received 39 electoral votes as States Rights
Democratic candidate (third largest independent electoral vote in U.S. history)
1951-55 Attorney at Law, Aiken, S.C. (City Attorney of North Augusta, S.C.)
1954-
U.S. Senator; elected as write-in candidate, November 2; first person ever elected to major office in
Present
U.S. by this method; sworn in Dec. 24, 1954. Served until April 4, 1956, when resigned to place
office in a primary, pursuant to a promise made to the people during the 1954 campaign. Re-elected
U.S. Senator and resumed duties November 7, 1956; re-elected 1960, 1966, 1972, 1978, and 1984;
President Pro Tempore, U.S. Senate, 1981-1987.
U.S. Senate Committees
Judiciary Committee, Ranking member, (Chairman, 1981-1987; member since 1967)
Armed Services Committee, Senior member; (member since 1959)
Veterans Affairs Committee, Senior member; (member since 1971)
Labor and Human Resources Committee, (member since 1984)
1959
Major General, U.S. Army Reserve; served 36 years in Reserve and on Active duty. (Past National
President, Reserve Officers Association, 1954-55)
1964
Switched from Democratic to Republican Party, September 16, 1964 (delegate to six Democratic and
six Republican National Conventions)
1968
Married Nancy Moore of Aiken, S.C., December 22
Four children: Nancy Moore, J. Strom II, Juliana Gertrude and Paul Reynolds
1983
President's Commission on Organized Crime (appointed by President Reagan, November 28)
1985
Commission on the Bicentennial of The U.S. Constitution (By U.S. Senate, September 29)
Member: Baptist Church, South Carolina and American Bar Associations, Masons (over 50 years),
Lions Club (over 50 years), Rotary Club, and numerous defense, veterans, civic, fraternal and farm
organizations.
- 1 -
- over -
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Facilities named for Senator Thurmond
Strom Thurmond Hall, Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S.C., 1939
Strom Thurmond High School, Edgefield County, S.C., 1961
Strom Thurmond Student Center, Baptist College, Charleston, S.C., 1972
Strom Thurmond Federal Building, Columbia, S.C., 1975
Strom Thurmond Center for Excellence in Government and Public Service, Clemson University, 1981
Strom Thurmond Auditorium at the University of South Carolina School of Law, Columbia, S.C., 1982
Strom Thurmond life-sized statue on the Town Square, Edgefield, S.C., erected by people of Edgefield County, 1984
Strom Thurmond Vocational Rehabilitation Center, Aiken, S.C., 1987
Strom Thurmond Educational Center, Union, S.C., 1987
Strom Thurmond Lake, Dam and Highway, Clarks Hill, S.C., 1987
Strom Thurmond Mall, Columbia, S.C., 1988
Streets in several South Carolina towns and cities
Selected Awards
Clemson University: Alumni Distinguished Service (1961), Medallion (1981), and Athletic Hall of Fame (1983)
WIS "South Carolinian of The Year" (1968)
33° Mason (1969)
National Patriot's Award by Congressional Medal of Honor Society (1974)
South Carolina Trial Lawyers Association Service Award (1980)
American Judges Distinguished Service Award (1981)
South Carolina Hall of Fame (1982)
Textile Man of The Year by the N.Y. Board of Trade (1984)
Napoleon Hill Gold Medal Humanitarian Achievement Award (1985)
Order of The Palmetto Award (1989)
Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan (1989)
Award For Life Service To Veterans (1989)
Major awards from American Legion, VFW, DAV, AMVETS and Paralyzed Veterans; National Guard; Army and Navy
associations; farm groups; education groups; and several foreign countries.
- 2
end
Treasury shall, under such regulations as he
may prescribe, redeem such notes in gold or
der be the provisions of this act as much as may
silver coin, at his discretion, it being the
necessary to provide for the redemption
established policy of the United States to
of the Treasury notes herein provided for,
maintain the two metals on a parity with
and any gain or seigniorage arising from
into the Treasury
such coinage shall be accounted for and paid
each other upon the present legal ratio, or
such ratio as may be provided by law.
322. CLEVELAND'S SILVER LETTER
February 10, 1891
Letter to E. Ellery Anderson of the Reform Club
(Letters of Grover Cleveland, ed. by Allan Nevins, p. 245-6)
This letter was one of the dramatic incidents of
the meeting as you request, but I am glad
the silver struggle. In January, 1891, a free
that the business interests of New York are
silver bill had passed the Senate, largely through
at last to be heard from on this subject.
Democratic support, and it was widely believed
that Cleveland was drifting toward support of
It surely cannot be necessary for me to
the silver cause. This letter to the Reform Club
make a formal expression of my agreement
dramatically announced his unalterable opposi-
with those who believe that the greatest peril
tion to free silver and aligned him with the con-
would be initiated by the adoption of the
servative eastern wing of the Democratic Party.
scheme embraced in the measure now pend-
For background, see A. Nevins, Grover Cleve-
ing in Congress for the unlimited coinage of
land, p. 465 ff.
silver at our mints. If we have developed an
unexpected capacity for the assimilation of
New York, February 10, 1891
a largely increased volume of this currency,
I have this afternoon received your note
and even if we have demonstrated the use-
inviting me to attend tomorrow evening the
fulness of such an increase, these conditions
meeting called for the purpose of voicing the
fall far short of insuring us against disaster,
opposition of the business men of our city to
if in the present situation we enter upon
the 'free coinage of silver in the United
the dangerous and reckless experiment of
States.'
free, unlimited and independent silver coin-
I shall not be able to attend and address
age.
323. TILLMANISM IN SOUTH CAROLINA
The Shell Manifesto
January 23, 1890
(The Charleston News and Courier, January 23, 1890)
The century-old sectionalism in South Carolina
elsewhere. The leader of the agrarian and up-
was partially allayed by the unifying experi-
country revolt against the Charleston "aris-
ences of the Civil War and Reconstruction, but
tocracy" was Benjamin F. Tillman of Edgefield
it came to the front again in the late eighties
County. In 1886 and again in 1888 Tillman lost
with the agrarian distress of that period. The
the nomination for governorship, but by 1890
Populist movement as such made little headway
the revolt was too strong to be controlled. The
in South Carolina, but the revolt against the
campaign of 1890 was inaugurated by the fa-
Bourbon control of the Democratic party was
mous Shell Manifesto, written by Tillman, but
the political equivalent of the populist revolt
published over the name of G. W. Shell. the
TILLMANISM IN SOUTH CAROLINA
589
of the Farmers' Association. Tillman
have watched closely every move of the ene-
esident his entire ticket were swept into office in the
mies of economy-the enemies of true Jef-
actions of that year. See, F.P. Simkins, The
fersonian Democracy-and we think the
Eman Movement in South Carolina; J. D.
time has come to show the people what it is
its, The Populist Revolt; W. W. Ball, The
they need and how to accomplish their de-
that Forgot.
sires. We will draw up the indictment against
THE COMING CAMPAIGN
these who have been and are still governing
A
CONTEST PROPOSED WITHIN THE
our State, because it is at once the cause and
DEMOCRATIC PARTY
justification of the course we intend to pur-
Address to the Democrats of South Caro-
sue.
lina, Issued by Order of "the Executive
South Carolina has never had a real Re-
Committee of the Farmers' Association of
publican Government. Since the days of the
South Carolina."
"Lords Proprietors" it has been an aristoc-
Mr. W. G. Shell of Laurens, president of
racy under the forms of Democracy, and
Farmers' Association of South Carolina,
whenever a champion of the people has at-
equests the News and Courier to publish the
tempted to show them their rights and ad-
Mowing address:
vocated those rights an aristocratic oligarchy
To the Democracy of South Carolina: For
has bought him with an office, or failing in
years the Democratic party in the State
that turned loose the floodgates of misrepre-
been deeply agitated, and efforts have
sentation and slander in order to destroy his
ken made at the primaries and conventions
influence.
secure retrenchments and reform, and a
The peculiar situation now existing in the
Mognition of the needs and rights of the
State, requiring the united efforts of every
misses. The first Farmers' Convention met
true white man to preserve white supremacy
April 1886. Another in November of the
and our very civilization even has intensified
year perfected a permanent organiza-
and tended to make permanent the condi-
Eag under the name of the "Farmers Asso-
tions which existed before the war. Fear of
dation of South Carolina." This Association,
a division among us and consequent return
presenting the reform element in the party,
of a negro rule has kept the people quiet,
held two annual sessions since, and at
and they have submitted to many grievances
of these four conventions, largely at-
imposed by the ruling faction because they
ded by representative farmers from
dreaded to risk such a division.
all of the counties, the demands of
The "Farmers' Movement" has been ham-
people for greater economy in the Gov-
pered and retarded in its work by this condi-
greater efficiency in its officials,
tion of the public mind, but we have shown
2 fuller recognition of the necessity for
our fealty to race by submitting to the edicts
and more practical education have
of the party and we intend, as heretofore, to
pressed upon the attention of our Leg-
make our fight inside the party lines, feeling
assured that truth and justice must finally
each of the two last Democratic State
prevail. The results of the agitation thus far
rentions the "Farmers' Movement" has
are altogether encouraging. Inch by inch and
large following and we only failed of
step by step true Democracy-the rule of the
frolling the Convention of 1888 by a
people-has won its way. We have carried
vote less than twenty-five-and that,
all the outposts. Only two strongholds remain
the face of the active opposition of
to be taken, and with the issues fairly made
every trained politician in the State.
up and plainly put to the people we have no
daim that we have always had a major-
fear of the result. The House of Representa-
the people on our side, and have only
tives has been carried twice, and at last held
by reason of the superior political
after a desperate struggle.
of our opponents and our lack of
The advocates of reform and economy are
ation
1090
RHODE ISLAND/SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1091
National Journal Ratings
racial fears and economic envies. And not many people participated. Only 99,000 South
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Economic
46%
-
52%
38%
62%
Carolinians voted for President in 1940, and 96% of them voted Democratic-the highest
-
Social
66%
—
32%
62%
—
36%
percentage in the nation. And in the Democratic primary in the year Strom Thurmond ran for
Foreign
68%
32%
66%
governor, 1946, only 271,000 voted in a state of more than two million.
-
-
32%
In the decades since, life in South Carolina has changed as much as in any state: the
Key Votes
underdeveloped country has joined the First World. Today the state's incomes, discounted for its
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
AGN
9) SDI Research
AGN
omewhat lower cost of living, are close to national levels; health standards are similar to the rest
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
of the nation; education levels, though low, are now not far from the national average. South
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
AGN
11) Aid to Contras
AGN
Carolina was helped upward for some years by the military bases clustered around Charleston
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice AGN
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
AGN
12) Nuclear Testing
FOR
helped along by Mendel Rivers, chairman of the House Armed Services Committee), by the
Election Results
extile mills that dotted the hilly up-country landscape around Greenville and Spartanburg, and
by the outmigration of Low Country blacks to the big cities of the Northeast. But that was only
1988 general
Claudine Schneider (R)
145,218
(72%)
($443,267)
the beginning. By the 1970s South Carolina became the most aggressive state in the South in
Ruth S. Morgenthau (D)
56,129
(28%)
($328,335)
1988 primary
Claudine Schneider (R), unopposed
attracting new industry. It went over to Europe and enticed French and German firms to set up
1986 general
Claudine Schneider (R)
110,524
(72%)
major operations in the Piedmont and the Lowlands. It advertised its business climate
($325,052)
Donald J. Ferry (D)
43,149
(28%)
($67,685)
translation: one of the lowest rates of unionization), its taxes (low), and its willingness to meet
local employers' needs (very high). Gradually, its standard of living moved up toward the
national average, even as that average was itself rising rapidly. And it has used some of that
increase in affluence to upgrade the quality of its local work force, through public expenditures
in schools as well as highways, teachers as well as policemen.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Much of this was made possible because South Carolina was relieved, quite against the will of
its white majority, of the burdens and stigma of racial segregation. Beginning in the 1950s, fewer
people were kept from the polls by the poll tax, and turnouts surged as South Carolina became
Fifty years ago South Carolina was more like what is now called an underdeveloped country than
competitive in the presidential elections of 1952, 1956 and 1960. Then the Civil Rights Act of
part of an advanced country like the United States. Beneath its very thin veneer of rich people, it
1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended segregation of public accommodations and in the
was the poorest state in the union, with income levels less than half the national average; its
workplace and brought blacks suddenly into the electorate. Politically, the reaction was a sharp
levels of illiteracy and of disease were among the nation's highest. "In this country where natural
rightward trend toward Republicans led by Strom Thurmond, who had turned Republican in
growth borders on the semitropical," wrote the WPA Guide, "and midday heat in the summer is
September 1964 and had indicated his disapproval of this process. But even while candidates
prostrating except where sea breezes creep in under the thick foliage of live oak and myrtle or
were denouncing school busing after a bus in one rural district had been burned, South Carolina
between the tall trunks of longleaf pine, there seems to be no hard grinding necessity for thinking
was learning to live with integration and getting on with the work of economic development.
too much about money in the bank, fine clothes, and weather-tight houses. The outdoors is too
1970s. Almost 30% of its voters were black, almost all of them solid national Democrats. But
Politically South Carolina reached a not entirely uncomfortable equilibrium by the early
free, fishing is too good, and crops grow with only part of a year's work."
Some 43% of South Carolinians were black, almost all of them living in the Low Country-
while the white majority was polarized against them in the 1968 and 1972 presidential elections,
the swampy territory within 50 miles of the coast, where the great planters of the 18th and 19th
there were enough movable white votes to elect a Democratic governor in 1970 and to cast South
century built rice paddies and cultivated exotic crops like indigo in the days before, as one South
Carolina's But electoral votes for Jimmy Carter in 1976. Affluent whites vote heavily Republican.
Carolina politician put it in the 1850s, "Cotton is King." The great wealth of the Low Country
less affluent whites have become a swing vote, loyal to Strom Thurmond but favorable to
planters was destroyed by the war they did more than any other southerners to provoke, but their
Ernest Hollings, making most of South Carolina's gubernatorial elections over the last 20
pride and their way of life continued. "The Low Countryman himself will not change. He will
very close indeed. They yearn on the one hand for an end to old-style politics, to control of years the
still have his afternoon nap, eat his rice, revere his ancestors, go hunting and fishing in season,
egislature by an oligarchy of rural-based bosses: Edgar Brown, elected to the legislature in 1920,
and take time out from his labors to entertain his friends and guests with courtesy, ease, and
chaired elected the Senate Finance Committee from 1942 to 1972, when he retired at 84; Sol Blatt,
graceful hospitality." Up-country South Carolina, settled by Scots-Irish and even Germans, with
in 1932, was Speaker of the House for all but four years from 1937 to 1972 and served in
few slaves before the Civil War, had begun 50 years ago to develop the lowest-wage of industries,
the choke House until he died in 1986; but on the other hand, they are afraid that higher taxes will
textiles. "Enterprising businessmen came in and established cotton mills, built towns around
changes they have seen in South Carolina in the last generation-both around them and in their
off growth. They are people at one and the same time exhilarated and terrified by the
them, with schools, churches, banks, stores, and hospitals. Into the mills came the up-country
farmer who was barely making a living, and out of the mountains came the barefoot man and
wn lives. They live in affluence beyond their dreams, and if their pleasant subdivisions and
sunbonneted woman, to take charge of spindles and looms." The mills in those days never hired
small houses amid strip-development highways look quite ordinary to visiting intellectuals and
blacks; even before World War II fair numbers of South Carolina blacks took the bus north to
thout urnalists, they represent an undreamed-of comfort for many South Carolinians who
New York or Philadelphia to make a living.
at indoor plumbing or electricity or, often enough that they can remember it, enough grew up to
Politics in this underdeveloped South Carolina was a rough business, with harsh appeals to
They are leery of policies-and institutions, like labor unions-that seem to threaten the
conomic order which has proved so bountiful. Yet there is an underlying appreciation that
1092
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1093
Democratic Governor Richard Riley, elected in 1978 and 1982 by large margins, were also
SOUTH CAROLINA - Congressional Districts, Counties, and Selected Places - (6 Districts)
happy to elect Republican Governor Carroll Campbell in 1986, albeit by a much narrower
83°
2
3
82"
81*
80*
79"
10
11
margin, and it is surely not without significance that these two governors-political rivals and
A
A
not especially friendly ones-should choose to emphasize the same issue: education. And it may
GREENVILLE
4
CHEROKEE
YORK
turn out that this not-so-long-ago underdeveloped country is leading the nation on this important
35°
Spartanburg
PICKENS
Rock Hill.
NORTH CAROLINA
Greenville
SPARTANBURG
part of national life.
®
B
OCONEE
B
Governor. Richard Riley's 1984 education reform package has been called "in many respects
UNION
CHESTER
LANCASTER
CHESTERFIELD
5
MARLBORO
the most comprehensive, sophisticated, thoughtful approach to reform in the country." It
Anderson
contained merit pay and pay raises for teachers and a tough new testing program including a
ANDERSON
LAURENS
FAIRFIELD
DILLON
KERSHAW
DARLINGTON
high school graduation test, a building program, remedial classes and gifted-children programs,
C
NEWBERRY
c
ABBEVILLE
cash bonuses to schools that improve and penalties for those who do poorly. It was passed after
LEE
Florence
MARION
GREENWOOD,
Riley convinced businessmen and voters that the state needed a better educated work force to
Columbia
FLORENCE
34°
SALUDA
MC CORMICK
RICHLAND
HORRY
enjoy further economic growth, and that the extra taxes he was seeking would be worth it. In
3
LEXINGTON
SUMTER
6
four years South Carolina chalked up some of the highest increases in test scores in the country,
D
EDGEFIELD
D
GEORGIA
CLARENDON
attendance is up, the high school graduation rate is up, and more teachers report morale gains
CALHOUN
WILLIAMSBURG
AIKEN
2
that in any other state. Building on that record, Campbell got teachers' salaries up to the
GEORGETOWN
ORANGEBURG
regional average and committed the biggest share of five years of budget increases to education.
E
BARNWELL
E
He set up a statewide Governor's School for Mathematics and Science, and stepped up spending
BAMBERG
BERKELEY
on colleges and technical schools, and created a higher education program with student
33°
scholarships, endowed professorships and accountability and assessment measurements.
ALLENDALE
1
LEGEND
This is all the more interesting, because on the national political spectrum Campbell is
COLLETON
North/
HAMPTON
F
2
Congressional district number
Charleston
counted as a conservative. His political career-from his days in the legislature to a controver-
Congressional district boundary
CHARLESTON
Place of 100.000 more inhabitants
sial race for Congress in 1978 (Democrats claimed and Campbell denied that he encouraged a
Place of to 000 inhabitants
Place of 000 000 inhabitants
my
minor candidate to attack the Democrat on the grounds that as a Jew he did not believe in Jesus)
JASPER
BEAUFORT
State capital underlined
N
to his election for the governorship and strong support of George Bush in 1987 and 1988-has
G
G
SCALE
been closely associated with Lee Atwater, the South Carolinian who is now chairman of the
20
OF
8
80
Kilometers
Republican National Committee. Campbell is adamant about lowering taxes, but his approach
32"
20
8
100 Miles
to government is anything but laissez faire. Campbell wants to lower auto insurance rates and
U.S. Department Commerce
BUREAU CENSUS
reorganize state government, and his work on education, like Riley's, shows an appreciation that
83°
3
82*
5
81"
6
80°
8
79"
10
Congressional districts established Apni 30. 1982: all other boundaries are as of January 1980
South Carolina needs to improve the skills of its work force if its economy is to continue to grow,
and that market forces by themselves are not going to do that. Those who want to see an example
of what Newt Gingrich calls "governing conservatism" would do well to go down to South
government-building highways, running schools, maintaining social security-has made some
Carolina.
contribution to this bounty and to their affluence.
Campbell won his 1986 race against Lieutenant Governor Mike Daniel by only 51%-49%,
Many surely have an uneasy sense that old rules, however unjust some of them were, are no
and only after labelling him as one of the insider politicians. His margins came in urban and
longer in force, that the affluent South Carolina they inhabit, so different from the underdevel-
suburban areas, especially in his home base of Greenville, and he may have been helped by
oped country they grew up in, also is a land of divorce and abortion, of places where traditional
increased turnout up-country; most rural counties went for Daniel. Tom Hartnett, his colleague
moral values are flouted and even patriotism seems to be mocked. This is a state where
in Congress, agreed to run for lieutenant governor rather than give Campbell a primary fight;
traditional religion has strong roots, and where cultural conservatism thrives, despite-or
but he was beaten 50%-49% by Democrat Nick Theodore-one reason why Campbell had none
because-most people live in an environment where traditional rules do not always apply. South
of the rumored interest in an appointment by George Bush. Since his election Campbell's ratings
Carolina, hotblooded enough to have started our only civil war, is perhaps the most bellicose of
have been high and he has gone some distance toward building a stronger Republican Party; his
states, the least inclined to support a conciliatory foreign policy. Most South Carolina voters find
candidates have captured several Democratic districts in state legislative elections. Campbell
it simply implausible that large numbers of their fellow Americans would mock traditional
also had success in his backing of Bush. The South Carolina Republican primary was scheduled
values or cast aspersions on patriotism, and they find it hard to vote for a candidate who seems
on the Saturday before Super Tuesday, presumably at Atwater's instigation, to give Bush an
sympathetic to those views.
opportunity to start out with a big win before the rest of the South voted; Campbell campaigned
The legacy of these voters is Democratic, and for a while in the 1970s, when Jimmy Carter
actively with him, helped build his organization, and had the satisfaction of seeing him win a
appeared at the Firecracker 400 stock car race in 1976, the Democrats seemed to be speaking
strong victory. For 1990, Campbell himself starts out a strong favorite. Riley, reported to be
their language. But in the 1980s, as South Carolina has been growing more affluent and the
considering the race, announced late in 1988 that he would not run; possible Democrats include
Democrats seemed to be increasingly liberal on cultural and foreign policy issues, the South
1986 contenders Mike Daniel, Phil Lader and Hugh Leatherman amd Theo Mitchell, a black
Carolina swing voters have been moving Republican. The voters who were entirely happy with
state Senator from Greenville.
1094
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1095
Senators. For a long time South Carolina's Senate seats have in effect been the political
the impression that some time around 1970 Thurmond got tired of being a controversial figure
reward of the most politically formidable of its governors: Burnet Maybank (first elected
who was widely hated, and decided to seek maximum acceptance and to make himself a
governor in 1938 and Senator in 1940), Olin Johnston (1934, 1944), Thurmond (1946, 1954),
consensus national leader instead. Not many then would have guessed he could do it, but he has.
and Hollings (1958, 1966). The current Senators are commanding men who rose from humble
Thurmond's seat came up in 1984, and he was reelected with scarcely any fuss. He has a solid
beginnings, made their careers in the courtrooms, and ran unsuccessfully for President of the
bedrock of support in South Carolina that is well over 50%; he showed that in 1978 when he beat
United States. They have proved to be two of the most durable and forceful members of the
back a strong challenge by Democrat Charles Ravenel. There's been speculation about a
Senate today-or maybe ever. Strom Thurmond's career goes back nearly 60 years now: he was
possible Thurmond successor for 20 years now. But Thurmond shows no sign of tiring or retiring.
first elected to the legislature at 29, in 1932, and is plotting his reelection campaign for 1990.
With the same directness and steadiness of purpose he brings to all political enterprises, he has
Hollings won his first election at 26, in 1948, and says those who think he may retire in 1992 are
set out since early 1985 to put himself in a strong position to win reelection in 1990, and he seems
"non-thinkers."
to have succeeded. Some Republicans grumble that he supported Bob Dole rather than George
Thurmond has combined a reputation for firmness and steadfastness with a flexibility and
Bush in 1988; some Democrats argue that he's not quite as strong as he seems. But the
adroitness that has enabled this onetime symbol of racial segregation to prosper politically in an
professional politicians seem convinced he still has his 50%-plus base and more, and in early
era of integration. He was elected governor in 1946 and won 39 electoral votes as the States'
1989 he seemed likely to be a vigorous candidate-and a winner. The span of his career is
Rights-i.e., anti-civil rights-Democratic candidate for President in 1948. In 1954 he was
awesome: Thurmond knew Pitchfork Ben Tillman, the South Carolina governor and Senator
elected to the Senate, stunningly, as a write-in candidate; he promised the voters that if he won
who was born in 1847 and his children have a good chance of living into the 2050s; this is a man
he would resign and seek election in the ordinary manner, and in 1956 he did. During the 1964
in touch with two centuries of American politics.
campaign he switched to the Republican Party and supported Barry Goldwater for President; in
South Carolina's other Senator, Ernest Hollings, ran for President in 1984 and made less
1968 he was the key power broker at the Republican National Convention, when he held the
impact than he wished-and less than his talents and program might seem to have warranted.
South for Richard Nixon.
Then in 1985 on the same issue he had emphasized in his campaign for the presidency with such
This was his peak of national influence, but it was also a moment of peril: South Carolina's
dismal results he made a great impact indeed. The issue was the federal deficit, and while he
blacks were getting the vote, and for a moment Thurmond seemed to be in trouble. But he
won few votes with the budget freeze he proposed on the stump and on the Senate Budget
reacted to the enfranchisement of South Carolina's blacks by working as doggedly for them as
Committee, he was successful in proposing the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings deficit-cutting bill.
he had for others: he hired black staffers in the early 1970s, pushed through the appointment of
Hollings has been tussling with budgets for a long time, as chairman of the Senate Budget
black federal judges, helped black local officials and citizens' groups with federal projects. He
Committee in 1980 after Edmund Muskie resigned to become Secretary of State, and as ranking
has ended up voting for renewal of the Voting Rights Act and the Martin Luther King Holiday.
Democrat on the committee in 1981 and 1982, when the groundwork for the deficits was laid by
He probably gets few black votes, but he has softened black voters' hostility; they don't turn out
the Reagan budget and tax cuts. He continues to be the second ranking Democrat on the Budget
in large numbers to vote against him or form a strong political base for a possible opponent. His
Committee, and his proposal for 1989 is a budget freeze combined with a 5% value-added tax on
switch was an example of his mind at work. There are no baroque embellishments to his
everything but food, housing and health care. This is typical Hollings: he believes in an activist
thoughts; he is not interested in nuance or qualification, His intellect is simple but strong: he
federal government, but he also believes in subjecting it to strict discipline.
decides where he wants to go, figures out how to get there, and then does it.
Now, however, Hollings is devoting much attention to his duties as chairman of the Senate
Thurmond, as the senior Republican Senator, was president pro tempore of the Senate from
Commerce Committee. He was careful to relinquish the ranking seat on Budget and take it on
1980 to 1986, a ceremonial post he enjoyed, and which put him in the theoretical line of
Commerce in 1983; for Commerce, which has jurisdiction over most federal regulation, is much
succession to the Presidency. He also served as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, having
the better place from which to raise funds for campaigns, presidential or otherwise. As
taken care in the 1970s to use his seniority to outrank the liberal Charles Mathias. As chairman
chairman, Hollings is well-informed and aggressive. He is the major opponent of deregulating
Thurmond was courteous, cooperative, conciliatory, but ready to move fast when he had the
broadcasting, and has been trying to reinstate the Fairness Doctrine and to start regulation of
votes. He seems to have a pleasant working relationship with the current chairman, Joseph
advertising on children's programs. As a young lawyer he made his living as a plaintiffs' lawyer
Biden. In his middle 80s, he remains in excellent health, and if he doesn't seem attentive to detail
in negligence cases (he looks like a Charleston aristocrat, but has a modest background) and is
to some observers, those who think he might overlook some legislative point or particle of
opposed to laws limiting tort claims. He has worked on various ocean issues on the committee,
procedure may find him alert and ready if the matter is something he cares about.
including the 1988 ocean dumping law; he has championed a National Global Climate Change
Thurmond is a WWII veteran and an unabashed enthusiast for things military, and a
Research Act; he worked on reviving the National Space Council to be chaired by the Vice
supporter of an aggressive and assertive foreign policy. But in 1987 he did not exercise his option
President. He is pushing a constitutional amendment to allow Congress to limit campaign
of becoming ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee, declining to elbow aside
spending. On trade issues he proudly proclaims himself a "hawk," supporting vigorously the
Virginia's John Warner as he had Mathias. He is also a member of Veterans' Affairs and, as of
textile bill that was widely criticized as protectionist.
1985, Labor and Human Resources Committees. Thurmond has surprised some observers by
Why did Hollings fall flat as a presidential candidate? One reason is the times: appeals for
not aggressively pursuing conservative causes. Instead he has worked on consensus measures like
shared sacrifice fall flat in a peaceful, prosperous America. Another reason is the constituency.
stopping cop-killer bullets, outlawing plastic guns, reforming the antitrust laws, outlawing
The Democrats' selection process is geared to mostly liberal party activists, and Hollings failed
designer drugs, and keeping South Carolina from getting more nuclear waste. He wants to bar
some of their litmus tests. He may have been the Senate's leading opponent of the MX missile in
former federal officials from lobbying for foreign countries. A proud teetotaler-he pushes
1983, for example, but the party activists recognized, accurately, that on most military and
lemonade in the summertime-he wants large warning labels on liquor bottles. He did push the
reign issues he is an unreconstructed hawk. He may have been the Senate's most effective
death penalty when he could and stoutly backed all Reagan judicial nominations. But one gets
ghter against hunger in the 1960s and 1970s, when he was spurred to action by discovering how
1096
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1097
poorly many people were eating in South Carolina, but he expressed a not-at-all-veiled scorn for
Political Lineup: Governor, Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R); Lt. Gov., Nick A. Theodore (D); Secy. of
schemes of income redistribution and job guarantee programs.
State, John T. Campbell (D); Atty. Gen., Travis Medlock (D); Treasurer, Grady L. Patterson, Jr. (D);
Confident and impressive in person even more than on television, Hollings has worked hard in
Comptroller General, Earle E. Morris, Jr. (D). State Senate, 46 (35 D and 11 R); State House of
Washington and campaigned hard in South Carolina. He seems well-positioned to run for
Representatives, 124 (87 D and 37 R). Senators, Strom Thurmond (R) and Ernest F. Hollings (D).
Representatives, 6 (4 D and 2 R).
reelection in 1992.
Presidential politics. South Carolina has become one of the most Republican of the southern
states in presidential elections; in November 1988 it was, no doubt to Lee Atwater's great
satisfaction, one of George Bush's strongest states in the country. He got 62% of the vote here,
down only slightly from Ronald Reagan's 64% in 1984. One thing that is helping the
Republicans is demographic change. The proliferation of Hilton Head Island-style condomin-
ium communities on the coast made two Low Country counties become more Republican
between 1984 and 1988; the other big population gaining areas are counties just outside cities
like Charleston, Columbia, and Greenville. With relatively few blacks and many upwardly
mobile and/or deeply religious whites, they are heavily Republican. The election results tell the
story. In counties where voter turnout rose more than 10% from 1980 to 1988, Bush beat
1988 Presidential Vote
1984 Presidential Vote
Michael Dukakis 65%-34%; in counties where turnout rose less than 10% in the 1980s, Bush led
Bush (R)
606,443
(62%)
Reagan (R)
615,539 (64%)
Dukakis by the lesser margin of 59%-40%; in counties where turnout fell during the 1980s-
Dukakis (D)
370,554 (38%)
Mondale (D)
344,459 (36%)
many of them rural black-majority counties with little economic growth-Bush only barely beat
Dukakis, 53%-46%.
1988 Republican Presidential Primary
South Carolina's Republican primary played a significant role in the 1988 contest; it was
Bush
94,738
(49%)
scheduled to help George Bush, and did. Carroll Campbell was one of three governors-John
Dole
40,265 (21%)
Sununu of New Hampshire and James Thompson of Illinois were the others-who were credited
Robertson
37,261 (19%)
by Lee Atwater with major responsibility for Bush's three early crucial victories in their states.
Kemp
22,431 (11%)
Bush's victory was especially sweet since it effectively extinguished the chances of Pat
Robertson showing any significant primary strength to go with the support he had been able to
win in packable caucuses.
As for the Democrats, they scheduled their caucus the weekend after Super Tuesday,
presumably to deflect attention from it. Predictably, it was won by South Carolina-born Jesse
Jackson, with blacks apparently accounting for more than half the turnout.
Congressional districting. South Carolina's congressional districts were changed only slightly
in 1980s redistricting, and probably will not be changed significantly for the 1990s.
GOVERNOR
The People: Est. Pop. 1988: 3,493,000; Pop. 1980: 3,121,820, up 11.9% 1980-88 and 20.5% 1970-80;
1.40% of U.S. total, 24th largest. 13% with 1-3 yrs. col., 14% with 4+ yrs. col.; 16.6% below poverty
Gov. Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R)
level. Single ancestry: 19% English, 5% Irish, 4% German, 1% French, Scottish. Households (1980):
Elected 1986, term expires Jan. 1991; b. July 24, 1940, Greenville;
78% family, 46% with children, 63% married couples; 29.8% housing units rented; median monthly rent:
$133; median house value: $35,100. Voting age pop. (1980): 2,179,854; 27% Black, 1% Spanish origin.
home, Greenville; U. of SC, American U., M.A. 1985; Episco-
palian; married (Iris).
Registered voters (1988): 1,437,628; no party registration.
Career: Real estate and farming; SC House of Reps., 1970-74;
Exec. Asst. to Gov. James B. Edwards, 1975-76; SC Senate, 1976-
1988 Share of Federal Tax Burden: $9,141,000,000; 1.03% of U.S. total, 28th largest.
78; U.S. House of Reps., 1978-86.
Office: P.O. Box 11369, The State House, Columbia 29211, 803-
734-9818.
1988 Share of Federal Expenditures
Total
Non-Defense
Defense
Election Results
$10,934m
(1.24%)
$8,023m
(1.22%)
$4,279m
(1.87%)
Total Expend
1,354m
(1.18%)
1,353m
(1.18%)
(0.97%)
1986 gen.
Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R)
384,565
(51%)
1m
St/Lcl Grants
450m
(0.67%)
1,872m
(0.67%)
Mike Daniel (D)
361,325
(49%)
Salary/Wages
2,322m
(1.73%)
Pymnts to Indiv
5,139m
(1.26%)
4,666m
(1.19%)
473m
(2.54%)
1986 prim.
Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (R), unopposed
(1.02%)
1982 gen.
Richard W. Riley (D)
468,819
(70%)
Procurement
1,932m
(1.02%)
1,368m
(2.94%)
1,932m
Research/Other
187m
(0.50%)
(0.50%)
William D. Workman, Jr. (R)
202,806
(30%)
186m
(0.50%)
0m
1098
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1099
Sen. Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D)
SENATORS
Sen. Strom Thurmond (R)
Elected 1966, seat up 1992; b. Jan. 1, 1922, Charleston; home,
Charleston; The Citadel, B.A. 1942, U. of SC, LL.B. 1947; Lu-
Elected 1954 seat up 1990; b. Dec. 5, 1902, Edgefield; home,
theran; married (Peatsy).
Aiken; Clemson U., B.S. 1923; Baptist; married (Nancy).
Career: Army, WWII; Practicing atty.; SC House of Reps.,
Career: Teacher and coach, 1923-29; Edgefield Cnty. Super. of
1949-54, Speaker Pro Tempore, 1951-54; Lt. Gov. of SC, 1955-
Educ., 1929-33; Practicing atty., 1930-38, 1951-55; SC Senate,
59; Gov. of SC, 1959-63.
1933-38; Circuit Judge, 1938-42; Army, WWII; Gov. of SC,
1947-51; States Rights cand. for U.S. Pres., 1948; Pres. Pro
Offices: 125 RSOB 20510, 202-224-6121. Also 1835 Assembly
St., Columbia 29201, 803-765-5731; 112 Custom House, 200 E.
Tempore, U.S. Senate, 1981-87.
Bay St., Charleston 29401, 803-724-4525; and 126 Fed. Bldg.,
Offices: 217 RSOB 20510, 202-224-5972. Also 1835 Assembly
Greenville 29304, 803-585-3702; 103 Fed. Bldg., Spartanburg
St., Ste. 1558, Columbia 29201, 803-765-5496; 334 Meeting St.,
29301, 803-585-3702.
Rm. 600, Charleston 29493, 803-724-4282; 211 York St. N.E., Ste.
Committees: Appropriations (3d of 16 D). Subcommittees: Com-
29, Aiken 29801, 803-649-2591; and 401 W. Evans St., Florence
29501, 803-662-8873.
merce, Justice, State, and Judiciary (Chairman); Defense; Energy
and Water Development; Interior; Labor, Health and Human
Committees: Armed Services (2d of 9 R). Subcommittees: Con-
ventional Forces and Alliance Defense; Readiness, Sustainability
Transportation (Chairman of 11 D). Subcommittees: Communications; Foreign Commerce and
Services, Education. Budget (2d of 13 D). Commerce, Science, and
and Support; Strategic Forces and Nuclear Deterrence (Ranking
Tourism; Surface Transportation. Select Committee on Intelligence (3d of 8 D).
Member). Judiciary (Ranking Member of 6 R). Subcommittees: Antitrust, Monopolies and Business
Group Ratings
Rights (Ranking Member); Courts and Administrative Practice. Labor and Human Resources (5th of 7
R). Subcommittees: Employment and Productivity (Ranking Member); Education, Arts, and Human-
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
1988
NTLC
55
NSI
41
COC
58
CEI
ities; Labor. Veterans' Affairs (3d of 5 R).
83
50
48
1987
27
40
100
29
-
57
22
50
-
62
-
-
17
27
Group Ratings
National Journal Ratings
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
11
20
71
100
Economic
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
1988
0
11
42
92
93
56
52%
-
45%
11
17
Social
63%
36%
1987
15
-
—
96
-
I
71
62
60% — 39%
35%
-
Foreign
62%
39%
|
59%
24%
-
75%
National Journal Ratings
Key Votes
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
1) Cut Aged Housing $
FOR
5) Bork Nomination
FOR
Economic
22%
75%
15%
82%
2) Override Hwy Veto
FOR
9) SDI Funding
FOR
-
6) Ban Plastic Guns
AGN
3) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
Social
0%
-
89%
16% - 78%
7) Deny Abortions
AGN
Foreign
8%
-
91%
0%
76%
4) Min Wage Increase
11) Aid To Contras
FOR
FOR
-
8) Japanese Reparations
AGN
12) Reagan Defense $ AGN
Election Results
Key Votes
1986 general
Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D)
456,500
1) Cut Aged Housing $
AGN
FOR
(63%)
5) Bork Nomination
9) SDI Funding
FOR
Henry D. McMaster (R).
($2,233,843)
262,886
2) Override Hwy Veto
AGN
6) Ban Plastic Guns
AGN
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
1986 primary
(36%)
Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D), unopposed
($584,288)
3) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice
FOR
7) Deny Abortions
FOR
11) Aid To Contras
FOR
1980 general
Ernest F. (Fritz) Hollings (D)
612,554
4) Min Wage Increase
AGN
(70%)
8) Japanese Reparations
AGN
12) Reagan Defense $ FOR
Marshall Mays (R)
($723,427)
257,946
(30%)
($62,472)
Election Results
1984 general
Strom Thurmond (R)
644,815
(67%)
($1,682,962)
FIRST DISTRICT
Melvin Purvis (D)
306,982
(32%)
($9,023)
1984 primary
Strom Thurmond (R)
44,662
(94%)
There are few, if any, more beautiful urban scenes in America than the pastel "single houses" of
Robert H. Cunningham (R)
2,693
(6%)
Charleston, built flush with the sidewalk, turning their shoulders to the streets, with
1978 general
Strom Thurmond (R)
351,733
(56%)
($2,013,431)
"piazzas" inside their gateways facing south to catch the breeze, wreathed with the springtime open
Charles D. Ravenel (D)
281,119
(44%)
($1,134,168)
flowers of blossoming trees. Charleston, founded in 1670 and blessed with one of the finest
harbors on the Atlantic, was one of the South's two leading cities up to the Civil War. Across its
docks went cargoes of rice, indigo, cotton-all cultivated by black slaves and enriching the white
SOUTH CAROLINA
1100
SOUTH CAROLINA
planters and merchants who dominated the state's economic and political life. Many of the old
Armed Services-more or less a political necessity for this district-and worked to channel
houses south of Broad were kept in families and preserved, but in the rest of the city, wrote the
dollars into the Charleston Shipyard and military health care. He was concerned about acid rain
WPA Guide 50 years ago, "along streets no longer fashionable, clothes lines flap above
because of damage to the Medway Plantation. His most vivid moment may have come when he
abandoned gardens, and several Negro families are crowded out into some tumble-down big
told Defense Secretary Carlucci of the need for military involvement in fighting drugs, saying,
houses, spilling their progeny out on the sidewalk." In the years that followed the Civil War,
by his own account, "What we need to do, upon positive identification, which is very important,
Charleston became an economic backwater. Today prosperity has come back to Charleston,
is begin shooting down the drug-carrying planes and machine-gunning any survivors. I believe
restoration has crept far north of the Battery, and the old part of the city, where the Ashley and
that very quickly these tough measures will put an end to drug smuggling. I further told the
Cooper Rivers meet to form the Atlantic Ocean, is still beautifully preserved and still the home
Secretary to think of all the money that will be saved by not having to have lengthy trials or
of the city's elite, housing fewer people than it did when it rained out shots on Fort Sumter in
having to maintain the drug traffickers in jail." He did not record Carlucci's reaction, but the
voters in the 1st District responded favorably and reelected him by a 64%-36% margin.
1861. This is an old society. The old South Carolina aristocracy, very private today, was once a
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 584,200, up 12.3% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 520,338, up 25.3% 1970-80.
leading force in American political life. The Democrats held their national convention in
Households (1980): 77% family, 47% with children, 61% married couples; 36.1% housing units rented;
Charleston in 1860, and the hotheaded dandies in the galleries hooted down the northerners and
median monthly rent: $174; median house value: $41,400. Voting age pop. (1980): 362,866; 29% Black,
so disrupted the proceedings that the northerners adjourned and reconvened in Baltimore while
2% Spanish origin, 1% Asian origin.
the southerners nominated a separate ticket that enabled Lincoln to be elected with 38% of the
popular vote. South Carolina's blacks also have a colorful history. There were free blacks here
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
100,179
(61%)
Dukakis (D)
62,594
(38%)
before the Civil War (some even owned slaves themselves), and Charleston's black culture was
memorialized in Porgy and Bess. The local accent, which seems to outsiders to have a touch of
New Jersey and which, rapidly spoken, can be incomprehensible, is best appreciated in the
Rep. Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R)
Elected 1986; b. Mar. 29, 1927, St. Andrews Parish; home, Mount
speech of Charleston native (but not aristocrat) Ernest Hollings.
Since World War II, Charleston has been growing again. At first the impetus was the
Pleasant; Col. of Charleston, B.A. 1950; French Huguenot; married
military, with the big Navy and Air Force bases here nurtured by Mendel Rivers, chairman of
(Jean).
the House Armed Services Committee from 1965 until his death in 1971; at one point they
Career: USMC, 1945-46; Realtor, gen. contractor, cattleman;
accounted for one-third of the payrolls in the Charleston area. The white working-class area
SC House of Reps., 1952-58; SC Senate, 1980-86.
around the port and the bases in North Charleston remembers: its main street is Rivers Avenue.
Offices: 508 CHOB 20515, 202-225-3176. Also 640 Fed. Bldg.,
The military continues to be important, but the economy has diversified since Rivers's death and
Rm. 640, Charleston 29403, 803-724-4175; 263 Hampton St.,
has prospered by the influx of Yankees and southerners to the condominium communities on the
Walterboro 29488, 803-549-5395; P.O. Box 550, Estill 29918, 803-
barrier islands. The first of these, Hilton Head, was started by Charles Fraser in 1957; it was an
625-3177; and P.O. Box 1538, Beaufort 29902, 803-524-2166.
untested, risky concept at the time. Nearby were some of the poorest areas in the United States,
Committees: Armed Services (17th of 21 R). Subcommittees:
where lowland blacks lived in poverty and malnutrition; many spoke a distinct dialect called
Military Installations and Facilities; Military Personnel and Com-
Gullah. Now the blacks are much better off, and practically the entire coast is covered with
pensation.
developments inspired, in varying degrees, by the original.
The 1st Congressional District of South Carolina includes Charleston and its suburbs, the
Low Country south and west of Charleston, and a couple of black-majority counties inland.
Historically this was one of the most Democratic of constituencies in Franklin Roosevelt's time;
Group Ratings
now it leans Republican. High-income whites in these new areas, and in the affluent areas of
ADA
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Charleston, both in the old downtown and in new neighborhoods east of the Ashley River and out
1988
25
41
47
64
56
76
57
100
86
35
in the suburbs, have proved to be heavily Republican; blacks, who did not vote in most of this
1987
24
31
29
-
61
-
-
87
51
-
area until after 1965, are even more heavily Democratic.
The congressman from this district is Republican Arthur Ravenel, an experienced Charleston the
National Journal Ratings
politician with a fine old South Carolina Huguenot name. He is a cousin of Charles Ravenel, the
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
young Democrat who was about to be elected governor in 1974 until his name was yanked off and
Economic
34%
-
65%
29%
-
69%
40%
58%
32%
-
67%
ballot for failure to meet a residency requirement; he ran against Strom Thurmond in 1978
Social
-
in the 1st District in 1980, and lost both times. The Republican Ravenel is folksy ("Hi, I'm your
Foreign
30%
67%
28%
-
70%
-
cousin Arthur," he greets passers-by), worked hard on constituency service as a state legislator, in
Key Votes
and has, unusually for a Republican, significant support from black voters. The seat was up of
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
AGN
9) SDI Research
FOR
1986 because Republican Tom Hartnett, who showed a flip contempt for the business
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
legislating, left the House to run for lieutenant governor (an office he narrowly lost); Arthur
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
Ravenel beat Democrat Jimmy Stuckey 52%-48%.
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
In his first term Ravenel compiled a somewhat mixed record ideologically and got a seat on
1102
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1103
Election Results
by Strom Thurmond, and Jack Bass, a top newspaper reporter and the writer of the definitive
1988 general
Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R)
101,572
(64%)
($118,702)
work on the Orangeburg massacre when highway patrolmen shot black students in 1968. In
Wheeler Tillman (D)
57,691
(36%)
($82,035)
1988 his opponent was Jim Leventis, a Columbia county councilman and prominent attorney
1988 primary
Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R), unopposed
and banker, considered to be at least as strong as the opponents who had held Spence (with one
1986 general
Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (R)
59,969
(52%)
($265,574)
exception) to the 54% to 59% range from 1974 to 1986. Spence recovered physically and started
Jimmy Stuckey (D)
55,262
(48%)
($457,810)
generating news about military contracts, a computer virus bill, and expanding the Congaree
Swamp National Monument. Leventis actually raised more money and campaigned hard.
But in this polarized constituency the results were almost the same as in the close 1986 race.
Spence won 53%-46%, carrying 68% in Lexington County and winning the Columbia area 54%-
SECOND DISTRICT
45%. After the election, Spence was still generating news, announcing a partnership between
In 1786, just after the Revolution, the South Carolina legislature decided to move the state's
Hughes Aircraft and South Carolina State in Orangeburg. But the same factors which produced
capital away from the aristocrats of Charleston and into the up-country interior, away from a
a serious challenge and a close race may well be operating in 1990.
city named after a king to a new city they created smack dab in the middle of the state and
named after a discoverer of America. So began Columbia. The State House was built on high
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 562,400, up 7.6% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 522,688, up 24.6% 1970-80.
ground above the Congaree River, amid a town of Columbia cottages-1½ story houses with
Households (1980): 76% family, 45% with children, 60% married couples; 32.7% housing units rented;
first floor porticoes, dormers and raised brick basements. The big event in Columbia's later
median monthly rent: $160; median house value: $40,800. Voting age pop. (1980): 372,290; 32% Black,
history was the arrival of Sherman's Army: "Except for the State House," the WPA Guide noted
1% Spanish origin, 1% Asian origin.
in 1940, "no structure on Main Street antedates "The Burning' by Sherman, in 1865. His name is
still anathema to Columbians." In the post-Sherman years Columbia grew slowly, with state
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
103,577
(59%)
government and the university, the Army's Fort Jackson and local insurance companies proving
Dukakis (D)
67,446
(39%)
steady employers. More recently it has started to boom, attracting plants from Michelin and
Allied Chemical, United Technologies and FN of Belgium, Du Pont and Square D. The
Columbia metropolitan area on both sides of the Congaree is the largest and most prosperous in
Rep. Floyd D. Spence (R)
South Carolina, and some are projecting it as one of the fastest-growing U.S. metro areas of the
Elected 1970; b. Apr. 9, 1928, Columbia; home, Lexington; U. of
1990s.
SC, A.B. 1952, LL.B. 1956; Lutheran; married (Deborah).
Columbia is one of those southern metropolitan areas that has been trending Republican for at
least 30 years. The Columbia where Sherman was remembered in the 1940s and where Jimmy
Career: Navy, 1952-54; Practicing atty.; SC House of Reps.,
Byrnes, after years in top posts in Democratic Washington, returned as governor to lament the
1956-62; SC Senate, 1966-70, Minor. Ldr., 1966-70.
Brown V. Board of Education decision in 1954, has trended Republican in the years since.
Offices: 2405 RHOB 20515, 202-225-2452. Also 140 Stone Ridge
Upwardly mobile South Carolinians, transplanted from rural areas with no electricity to
Dr., Ste. 104, Columbia 29201, 803-254-5120; and 1681 Chestnut
comfortable subdivisions with two-car garages, preferred Republicans first in national and then
St. N.E., P.O. Box 1609, Orangeburg 29116-1609, 803-536-4641.
in state and local elections. The Columbia area went for Eisenhower in the 1950s; even when
Committees: Armed Services (2d of 21 R). Subcommittees: Mili-
blacks got the vote in 1965, they were outnumbered usually by the increasingly Republican
tary Installations and Facilities; Seapower and Strategic and Criti-
whites-particularly if you count not just Columbia's Richland County, but also the once rural
cal Materials (Ranking Member). Select Committee on Aging
and now suburban Lexington County across the river. South Carolina's 2d Congressional
(20th of 27 R). Subcommittees: Human Services; Retirement
District is made up of those two counties, plus part of the South Carolina lowland country
Income and Employment.
around Orangeburg. This was plantation country before 1865, most of the people who live here
now are black, and politics follows racial lines.
The congressman from the 2d District is Republican Floyd Spence, who has been running for
office in the Columbia area since 1956. Spence became a Republican in 1962, two years before
Group Ratings
Strom Thurmond, narrowly lost a House race that year to Albert Watson (a Democrat who
ADA
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NSI
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supported Barry Goldwater in 1964, and was kicked out of the Democratic Caucus for it), and
1988
10
18
16
18
44
85
73
100
71
38
became a Republican in 1965. When Watson ran for governor in 1970, Spence ran for the House
1987
4
I
15
14
-
73
-
-
93
56
seat and won it.
Spence won a close reelection in 1988 after a difficult year: in May he underwent a double-
lung transplant. His illness had forced him to relinquish the increasingly hot seat of ranking
National Journal Ratings
Republican on the House Ethics Committee, and he was necessarily less active on the Armed
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Services Committee. But he insisted that he came out of surgery with "the lungs of an 18-year-
Economic
29%
-
69%
old." Spence has often had serious opponents, tempted by the rather close balance of racial and
Social
13%
-
84%
15%
I
84%
political forces in the district, including Matthew Perry, a black later appointed a federal judge
Foreign
0%
|
84%
0%
-
80%
1104
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1105
Key Votes
But as the 1980s have gone on, he has gravitated more to district causes. He served as the
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
FOR
chairman of the Congressional Textile Caucus, sponsoring a ban on Soviet textile imports and
2) Gephardt Amdt
AGN
6) Drug Death Pen
-
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
the requirement that the country of origin be named on garment labels. He was a lead sponsor of
3) Deficit Reduc
-
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
the 1987 textile protection bill vetoed by President Reagan. He argues that he vetoed in a
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
conference committee session proposals to put Monitored Receivable Storage of nuclear waste
in the Savannah River Plant area, by tying that measure to the selection of a permanent nuclear
Election Results
waste repository, which is expected to be in Nevada. On the other hand, he has been a staunch
1988 general
Floyd D. Spence (R)
94,960
(53%)
($369,698)
advocate of the Energy Department's selection of Savannah River for a new nuclear production
Jim Leventis (D)
83,978
(46%)
($376,727)
facility; the area was badly hurt by the closedown of facilities due to charges of unsafety or
1988 primary
Floyd D. Spence (R), unopposed
obsolescence in 1988.
1986 general
Floyd D. Spence (R)
73,455
(54%)
($294,665)
All of this must have helped Derrick in his 1988 reelection fight, his first rough contest in
Fred Zeigler (D)
63,592
(46%)
($179,860)
years. His opponent was Henry Jordan, an Anderson surgeon who lost the nomination to face
Ernest Hollings in 1986; this time he had good financing, though much less than Derrick. Jordan
accused Derrick of being a johnny-come-lately on the textile bill, though Jordan himself seemed
to talk quite fondly of free trade; he also accused the Democrat of voting to release non-violent
THIRD DISTRICT
federal prisoners 90 days early to ease overcrowding-a way of linking him with one of Michael
The South Carolina up-country, many days' travel by wagon from the Low Country plantations
Dukakis's vulnerabilities. He got Oliver North to come to Clemson to campaign. Derrick was a
owned by Charleston aristocrats, was first settled by Scots-Irish farmers, like the family of John
familiar figure in his horn-rimmed glasses and trademark suspenders, and his work on textiles
C. Calhoun in the years just before and after the Revolutionary War. The pioneers wanted to
and the Savannah River plant must surely have worked in his favor. Yet he won with just 54% of
make big plantations of these forests, but the land did not always cooperate: it was too hilly for
the vote-one of two Democrats on Rules (David Bonior of Michigan was the other) with this
the labor-intensive rice crop grown in the lowlands and sometimes too cold for cotton. So while
not very impressive showing. Derrick carried Anderson with 54%, but only barely won the textile
the coastal plantations were tended by thousands of slaves, relatively few were brought here, and
counties to the north; for all his work on Savannah River, he lost Aiken County, with its
the land went mostly to smaller white farmers. That history has consequences today. The 3d
increasing numbers of affluent suburbanites. Derrick gave up any plans he had for statewide
Congressional District of South Carolina, which follows the Savannah River border with
office in 1984, and he has a fine future ahead in the House: on Rules he ranks just behind the
Georgia for most of its length, starts in the lowlands in Allendale County, which is 62% black,
new chairman, Joe Moakley; he could easily be chairman some day and in the meantime is in
and proceeds north to 3,500-foot Sassafras Mountain, in Pickens County, which is 7% black.
fine position to exert leverage on all manner of things. But the 1988 result indicates that he may
The southern part of this district is Strom Thurmond country. He grew up in Edgefield and as
get more serious competition and may be hard pressed to hold this Republican-trending district.
county judge there in the 1930s maintained stern white control of the black majority. He
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 554,600, up 6.8% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 519,280, up 20,2% 1970-80.
maintains his residence now in Aiken, a prosperous town which was long a winter haven for New
Households (1980): 79% family, 44% with children, 65% married couples; 25.3% housing units rented;
York huntsmen, and which now is the chief commercial center for the huge (15,000 employees)
median monthly rent: $104; median house value: $32,000. Voting age pop. (1980): 366,318; 20% Black,
and troubled Savanah River Plant, which produces nuclear weapons material. The northern part
1% Spanish origin.
of the district, where Calhoun had his mansion and his son-in-law created Clemson College
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
108,043
(66%)
nearby, is Piedmont and textile country, with mountains in the north. Here the Savannah River
Dukakis (D)
54,507
(33%)
intersects with Interstate 85, the main street of America's textile belt, near Anderson, the largest
city in the district.
Rep. Butler Derrick (D)
The politics of this area, ancestrally Democratic, has been trending Republican for some time
Elected 1974; b. Sept. 30, 1936, Springfield, MA; home, Edgefield;
now. Aiken started voting Republican for Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s, well before
U. of SC, U. of GA, LL.B. 1965; Episcopalian; married (Beverly).
Thurmond switched parties in 1964; it has been steadily Republican ever since. Anderson, in
contrast, has jumped around. It voted for George Wallace in 1968, Richard Nixon in 1972,
Career: Practicing atty., 1965-74; SC House of Reps., 1969-74.
Jimmy Carter in 1976 and 1980, Ronald Reagan in 1984, and by almost as large a margin, more
Offices: 201 CHOB 20515, 202-225-5301. Also 315 S. McDuffie
than 2 to 1, for George Bush in 1988. Some of the river counties with their large black
St., Anderson 29622, 803-224-7401; 211 York St. N.E., Rm. 5,
populations remain Democratic. But the textile mill counties from Clemson to the mountains are
Aiken 29801, 803-649-5571; and 129 Fed. Bldg., Greenwood
29622, 803-223-8251.
heavily Republican. The result is that what was a Carter district in 1976 and 1980 had become a
Bush district by 1988.
Committees: Rules (2d of 9 D). Subcommittee: Legislative Pro-
This poses some problems for Butler Derrick, the Democratic congressman from the 3d
cess (Chairman). Select Committee on Aging (12th of 39 D).
District since 1974. The national Democratic strength here early in his career gave him leeway
Subcommittee: Health and Long-Term Care.
to fashion a distinctive record. He got a seat on the Rules Committee in 1979, where he was free
to concentrate on whatever issues he liked with the understanding that he'd be helpful to the
Democratic leadership. He also served two rotations on the Budget Committee, from 1975-79
and 1983-89.
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1107
1106
few big companies, operating huge factories, and that the workers would join unions which
Group Ratings
ADA
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COC
CEI
would bargain for high wages and fringe benefits. But history has taken a different course. There
70
59
57
82
69
36
23
30
54
23
are big textile companies, like Roger Milliken's operation which is headquartered in Greenville.
1988
1987
43
17
-
-
40
23
But there are lots of small producers as well, and the concentration of textile companies has not
72
56
-
-
squeezed other businesses out as autos squeezed others out of Michigan. The plants have
National Journal Ratings
become not more concentrated, but more scattered-in some large mills and small, not usually
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
in cities (which aren't very large here anyway) but at the edge of small towns or in the middle of
45%
54%
60%
-
39%
Economic
heavily settled rural landscapes, near an interchange or on a side highway. Wages have not risen,
-
42%
57%
44%
-
56%
Social
-
and workers who want more go to the newer industries; and unions, despite a few publicized
-
Foreign
51%
48%
58%
41%
-
exceptions, have made almost no headway at all. Yet the textile country is thriving and
diversification is more than compensating for jobs lost because of cheap foreign competition.
Key Votes
AGN
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
ÁGN
And the industrial North which set itself up as a model is now-with smaller companies growing
1) Homeless $
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
and unions' power eroding-coming to resemble the textile country rather than vice versa.
3) Deficit Reduc
FOR
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
AGN
The textile mill country has its own sets of civic institutions: business leaders and their allies in
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice AGN
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
AGN
12) Nuclear Testing
FOR
press and politics and religious fundamentalists and evangelicals like the proprietors of
Greenville's Bob Jones University. The two biggest towns here have divergent political
Election Results
traditions. Spartanburg has been more Democratic and was the home base of politicians like
Butler Derrick (D)
89,071
(54%)
($641,429)
1988 general
James Byrnes when he was Senator (he was also congressman, Supreme Court Justice,
Henry Jordan (R)
75,571
(45%)
($354,575)
Secretary of State, and finally governor in the early 1950s) and Olin Johnston (governor 1935-
1988 primary
Butler Derrick (D), unopposed
Butler Derrick (D)
79,109
(68%)
($177,714)
39 and 1943-45 and Senator 1945-65), who tended to support their party on economic issues.
1986 general
Richard Dickison (R)
36,495
(32%)
($4,261)
Greenville's products have included moderate Democrats and Republicans, like Judge and
defeated Supreme Court nominee Clement Haynsworth, Democratic Governor (1979-87)
Richard Riley, and his Republican successor Carroll Campbell.
The 4th Congressional District of South Carolina, which includes Greenville and Spartanburg
FOURTH DISTRICT
and one small county, has had seriously contested races when it has been open, as in 1978 and
When northern investors were looking for sites for textile mills as long ago as the 1880s, they
1986. The most recent winner was Liz Patterson, a state Senator and former council member
looked to the up-country of South Carolina, to which they "were attracted by the mild climate,
from Spartanburg and daughter of Olin Johnston. The primary action, interestingly, was on the
abundant water power, proximity to the cotton fields, and plenty of native [and white] labor
Republican side-a struggle between William Workman III, a newspaper editor with many
already accustomed to a low standard of living." And so the textile industry of the South became
business and Republican ties, and two candidates with strong religious backing; Workman won,
centered by 1900 along the Southern Railway tracks between Charlotte and Atlanta, mainly in
but got just 49% in the first primary and was hurt in the strife. Patterson has a history of
the Piedmont of North and South Carolina; and as the mills fled New England and the
government service in the Peace Corps and Vista, civic involvement on college and agency
Northeast in the 1920s, the concentration here became even more thick. The textile country
boards, Sunday school teaching; she was attacked as a liberal but campaigned convincingly as a
could look bucolic, as it did 50 years ago to a WPA writer in Greenville, where "winding streets,
fiscal conservative concerned about human needs. Workman won 56% in Greenville County, but
following old paths and roads, cross and recross the Reedy River," but Spartanburg, like
she won 60% in Spartanburg and 63% in Union, for a 52% victory.
Greenville, was "not so much a city as it is the civic center of a county highly developed
In the House Patterson was proud of her work setting up child care centers in Veterans'
agriculturally and industrially. The business district, where tall buildings, handsome stores, and
Administration medical centers and of her fiscal voting record; like other South Carolina
modern hotels hobnob with shabby little old structures, occupies several blocks on narrow streets
Democrats she is about in the middle of the House on economic, cultural and foreign issues. In
converging at Morgan Square. In the entire city, blocks are of irregular length and, without civic
1988 there was again a Republican primary, with former Campbell aide Knox White beating a
plan, streets have evolved from twisting woodland paths and lanes."
fundamentalist airline pilot 56%-45%. The general election was almost a carbon copy of 1986.
Today, this same stretch of land along South Carolina's Interstate 85, which parallels the
White won 54% in Greenville County, but Patterson won 60% in Spartanburg and 67% in Union,
Southern, remains the number one textile-producing area in the United States. But it is more
for a 52% victory. This was 20% ahead of Michael Dukakis's showing here, but suggests another
than that. Greenville and Spartanburg Counties have attracted new businesses producing
close race in 1990 if Knox White should challenge Patterson again.
Michelin tires and Stouffer's Lean Cuisine and Digital Computer, most of them requiring
higher skills and paying higher wages than the mills. This has long been one of the most
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 549,200, up 5.5% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 520,525, up 17.3% 1970-80.
industrialized and blue-collar parts of the nation, because of textiles; now with diversification it
Households (1980): 78% family, 43% with children, 63% married couples; 30.4% housing units rented;
median monthly rent: $132; median house value: $34,300. Voting age pop. (1980): 373,015; 17% Black,
is becoming one of the economic growth centers of the South or, for that matter, the western
1% Spanish origin.
world. It also stages the largest balloon race east of the Mississippi, with some 200 balloons
competing each year.
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
114,191
(67%)
Northern observers have always thought that textiles and the textile belt would go the way of
Dukakis (D).
54,572
(32%)
big northern industries like steel and autos: that the manufacturers would be concentrated into a
1108
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1109
Rep. Elizabeth J. (Liz) Patterson (D)
Christian theme park and vacation retreat here in Fort Mill, South Carolina. What has changed,
Elected 1986; b. Nov. 18, 1939, Columbia; home, Spartanburg;
however, is that what looks like farming country-and still has many farms on it-has
Columbia Col., B.A. 1961; United Methodist; married (Dwight).
economically long since been a part of industrial America. Textile mills have been the biggest
Career: Recruiting office, Peace Corps, 1962-64, VISTA, 1965-
employers in up-country South Carolina, and the picture the WPA Guide gives of the city of
66; VISTA SC Coordinator, 1966-67; Head Start Coordinator, SC
Rock Hill 50 years ago is scarcely bucolic: "Railroad tracks run through the middle of the town,
Ofc. of Econ. Opp., 1967-68; Aide to Rep. James R. Mann, 1969-
and the Memorial Bridge viaduct, honoring the military dead, connects the business district with
70; Mbr., Spartanburg Cnty. Cncl., 1975-76; SC Senate, 1979-86.
the north residential section. While the houses are not outstanding architecturally, many along
Offices: 1641 LHOB 20515, 202-225-6030. Also P.O. Box 10408,
the wide, tree-bordered thoroughfares are distinguished for their lawns and gardens. Homes of
Fed. Station, Greenville 29603, 803-232-1141; P.O. Box 1330,
the better educated and more prosperous Negroes are on the southern outskirts, with the usual
Spartanburg 29304, 803-582-6422; and P.O. Box 904, Union
fringe of cabins and 'shotgun' houses where the poorer classes of both races live."
29379, 803-427-2205.
In the 1970s metropolitan growth is moving out into these textile and tobacco farm counties,
Committees: Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (22d of 31 D).
from Charlotte, North Carolina, just to the north, from the Greenville-Spartanburg strip along
Subcommittees: Economic Stabilization; Financial Institutions Su-
Interstate 85 which now specializes in more than textiles, from the state capital of Columbia.
pervision, Regulation and Insurance; Housing and Community
Eleven such counties in north and central South Carolina make up the state's 5th Congressional
Development. Veterans' Affairs (13th of 21 D). Subcommittees:
District.
Education, Training and Employment; Hospitals and Health Care.
The congressman from the 5th District is John Spratt. He comes from a politically active
Select Committee on Hunger (12th of 19 D).
family in Rock Hill and has degrees from Davidson, Yale Law and Oxford; he was one of the
Group Ratings
young Democrats involved in Charles Ravenel's unsuccessful 1974 campaign for governor and
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
have stayed in South Carolina politics since. Spratt was first elected in 1982, when incumbent
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
1988
45
52
67
100
50
48
39
60
57
32
Ken Holland announced his retirement a week before the filing deadline; he was able to put a
1987
72
63
43
26
-
-
60
32
campaign together readily and won 38% in the primary, 55% in the runoff against a candidate
-
-
who spent $929,000, and 68% in the general election. He has been reelected easily, winning 70%
National Journal Ratings
in 1988.
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
Spratt has made a name for himself in the House as a smart and hard-working Member whose
Economic
40%
-
58%
41%
-
58%
knowledge and judgments can be relied on. As a freshman he failed to get a seat on Energy and
Social
40%
-
58%
48%
-
50%
Commerce and went to Armed Services instead. There he has become, according to National
Foreign
44%
55%
50%
-
48%
-
Journal, "one of the House's more influential members on matters military." His secret has been
to study hard and master the details personally. Early on he became an expert on the issue of
Key Votes
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
AGN
procurement, mastering the details while others were making headlines, with an understanding
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
FOR
of the hard choices and tradeoffs that must be made in any procurement reform. He has been
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
one of the Democrats most immersed in the details of the Strategic Defense Initiative, about
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
which he has neither the unalloyed enthusiasm of a Jack Kemp nor the not very well informed
opposition of some northern liberal Democrats; he favored only restricted funds for the Phase
Election Results
One SDI deployment. He worked on the difficult and for a South Carolinian sensitive issue of
1988 general
Elizabeth J. Patterson (D)
90,234
(52%)
($1,143,351)
the safety of the Savannah River Plant nuclear reactors. He conducted breakfast seminars on
Knox White (R)
82,793
(48%)
($630,913)
chemical warfare and came up with a compromise that allowed carefully limited research to
1988 primary
Elizabeth J. Patterson (D), unopposed
continue.
1986 general
Elizabeth J. Patterson (D)
67,012
(52%)
($594,026)
He has spent some time on domestic issues as well, sponsoring a bill requiring recycling for
Bill Workman (R)
61,648
(47%)
($639,859)
most consumer product packaging, supporting the "Buy American Bearings" cause, and
transferring title to the Sandhills Forest to the state of South Carolina. On economic, cultural
and foreign issues generally he has taken positions that put him at about midpoint in the House.
FIFTH DISTRICT
Some have pushed Spratt to run for statewide office, but he says he has no interest in becoming
governor, and seems uninterested in running against either incumbent Senator or against
In the late 18th century Scots-Irish farmers moved from the sluggish rivers of Low Country
Richard Riley if he runs for Senate. So the likelihood is that he will continue what has been a
Carolina to the up-country and Piedmont, where were fought some of the fiercest battles of the
productive career in the House.
Revolutionary War. Kings Mountain and the brilliantly executed Cowpens were fought here,
and Andrew Jackson as a boy was scarred when he defied a British soldier; and the fighting spirit
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 549,300, up 5.7% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 519,716, up 12.9% 1970-80.
has never really subsided. Nor has the strong Calvinist religion which the earliest settlers
Households (1980): 80% family, 47% with children, 64% married couples; 26.5% housing units rented;
brought with them; it lives on in various forms of Protestantism today-including the preaching
median monthly rent: $104; median house value: $31,000. Voting age pop. (1980): 357,907, 29% Black,
of Jim Bakker and his wife Tammy Faye, who built their headquarters and their Heritage USA
1% Spanish origin.
1110
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
1111
1988 Presidential Vote:
Bush (R)
91,385
(60%)
percentage in a South Carolina district, and the percentage of blacks is no longer declining as it
Dukakis (D)
61,398
(40%)
was before 1970. For years blacks from this area lined up after high school graduation and got on
the bus to New York (called the "chicken bone special," because they packed chicken dinners)
Rep. John M. Spratt, Jr. (D)
to make their livings. Now they remain in South Carolina, and over the long run the black
Elected 1982; b. Nov. 1, 1942, Charlotte, NC; home, York;
percentage here may rise. Still, the places here with the most rapid recent growth are along the
Davidson Col., A.B. 1964, Oxford U., M.A. 1966, Yale U., LL.B.
coast, especially the Grand Strand on either side of Myrtle Beach in Horry County. This is
1969; Presbyterian; married (Jane).
attracting migrants from other parts of the South, many of them affluent retirees, and almost all
Career: Operations Ofc. of Asst. Secy. of Defense, 1969-71;
of them white.
Practicing atty., 1971-82; Pres., Bank of Ft. Mill, 1973-82; Pres.,
Nonetheless this is a district where black voters have had the satisfaction of influencing
Spratt Insur. Agcy., 1973-82.
congressional politics greatly since the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In 1972 they ousted the
Offices: 1533 LHOB 20515, 202-225-5501. Also Box 350, Rock
chairman of the House District of Columbia Committee, John McMillan, who was often
Hill 29731, 803-327-1114; 39 E. Calhoun St., Sumter 29150, 803-
accused of being a racist. In 1974 and 1982 they ousted Republican congressmen who had
773-3362; and Box 964, Laurens 29360, 803-984-5323.
gotten in under special circumstances. The current congressman, Robin Tallon, is a Democrat
Committees: Armed Services (18th of 31 D). Subcommittees:
who had the happy assignment of facing in 1982 the Republican who had beaten convicted
Investigations; Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems. Gov-
Abscam defendant John Jenrette in 1980. Tallon, a Democratic legislator and clothing chain
ernment Operations (15th of 24 D). Subcommittees: Commerce,
store owner, had strong support from blacks as Jenrette did, and concentrated his campaign
Consumer, and Monetary Affairs; Government Information, Jus-
efforts on turning out the black vote. He ran close to racial percentages in most counties, but won
tice, and Agriculture.
enough white votes in Horry County to win districtwide with 52%. Since then it has been no
contest. Tallon was reelected with 76% in 1986 and 1988. Even the national ticket doesn't hurt
Group Ratings
much. Michael Dukakis lost the district, but only by a 56%-44% margin. Any incumbent with
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
the franking privilege who can't run 7% ahead of the head of his ticket doesn't deserve to be in
1988
55
57
61
64
75
29
30
33
57
29
Congress.
1987
72
-
57
50
9
-
-
47
21
-
No one has ever accused Tallon of being an intellectual. He has a good old boy style, as you
might expect of a small city clothing store owner, that goes over well at Rotary Club meetings
National Journal Ratings
and in black churches. His record is fairly liberal on economic and foreign policy, solidly
1988 LIB - 1988 CONS
1987 LIB - 1987 CONS
conservative on cultural issues. In the House he is a member of the Agriculture Committee and
40%
58%
53%
-
46%
Economic
-
of Charlie Rose's Tobacco and Peanuts Subcommittee. He has worked for South Carolina
Social
50%
50%
48%
-
50%
-
Foreign
56%
-
43%
56%
-
44%
research projects, to beef up the Grand Strand beaches, to fund a hybrid striped bass project,
and to maintain tobacco export credits despite reports of corruption by leaf dealers. His
Key Votes
approach is not subtle. "South Carolina has the potential to become the Holly Farms of striped
1) Homeless $
AGN
5) Ban Drug Test
FOR
9) SDI Research
FOR
bass," he said on one issue. "The tobacco farmer in my district and elsewhere should be the point
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
of reference for any government program, domestic or export," he said on another.
3) Deficit Reduc
FOR
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
AGN
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice
FOR
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
Election Results
1988 general
John M. Spratt, Jr. (D)
107,959
(70%)
($105,620)
Robert Carley (R).
46,622
(30%)
($8,449)
1988 primary
John M. Spratt, Jr. (D), unopposed
1986 general
John M. Spratt, Jr. (D), unopposed
($66,944)
The People: Est. Pop. 1986: 575,900, up 10.9% 1980-86; Pop. 1980: 519,273, up 23.6% 1970-80.
Households (1980): 80% family, 49% with children, 63% married couples; 28.4% housing units rented:
median monthly rent: $104; median house value: $33,100. Voting age pop. (1980): 347,458; 37% Black,
1% Spanish origin.
SIXTH DISTRICT
The 6th Congressional District of South Carolina is part of the state's Low Country, north and
east of Charleston, up to the North Carolina border. Here the rivers wind lazily toward the
shoreline, where they come upon the barrier islands now developed as South Carolina's Grand
Strand. Inland you find tobacco fields; 15 acres can support a family, though not very well,
which helps to explain why tobacco area politicians defend its interests so assiduously. This was
1988 Presidential Vote:
once plantation country, and a large percentage of the people here are black; three of the
Bush (R)
89,068
(56%)
Dukakis (D)
70,037
(44%)
counties have black majorities, and overall the district is 37% black. This is the highest
1112
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
1113
Rep. Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
Elected 1982; b. Aug. 8, 1946, Hemingway; home, Florence; U. of
SC, 1964-65; United Methodist; married (Amy).
SOUTH DAKOTA
Career: Retail clothing store owner, 1965-present; Real estate
broker and developer, 1982-present; SC House of Reps., 1980-82.
Offices: 432 CHOB 20515, 202-225-3315. Also P.O. Box 6286,
Half a century ago, work was stopped on Mount Rushmore. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum's design
Florence 29502, 803-669-9084; and Horry Cnty. Cthse., Conway
had not been fully chiseled out of the granite-crested mountain; Lincoln's beard was not finished,
29526, 803-248-6256.
and Washington had been carved only to the lapels. But the looming war cut off federal subsidy
Committees: Agriculture (12th of 27 D). Subcommittees: Con-
of the project, and the four likenesses were recognizable-a national monument, the American
servation, Credit, and Rural Development; Cotton, Rice, and
political tradition embodied in a physically remote, forbidding environment. By this time Mount
Sugar; Tobacco and Peanuts. Merchant Marine and Fisheries
Rushmore had already become a symbol not just of patriotism but of the American can-do spirit;
(14th of 25 D). Subcommittees: Fisheries and Wildlife Conserva-
the seemingly wacky idea of carving statues out of a faraway mountaintop had been sanctioned
tion and the Environment; Merchant Marine.
when it was dedicated by President Calvin Coolidge in 1927, on the same summer vacation when
he handed out slips of paper to reporters that read, "I do not choose to run for president in 1928."
And it was built in the Black Hills where the state that became South Dakota got its start, all
Group Ratings
of a sudden, a half century before in 1876. That year, as General George Custer suited up in the
ADA
ACLU
COPE
CFA
LCV
ACU
NTLC
NSI
COC
CEI
Dakota Territory on his way to be slaughtered by Crazy Horse's Sioux at Little Big Horn,
62
prospectors discovered gold in the Black Hills-a discovery that marked the end for the Indians
1988
40
52
69
73
69
60
33
90
28
1987
44
67
50
-
39
-
-
60
25
and their buffalo, as prospectors swarmed into land that treaties had reserved for the Indians. It
-
was the year Calamity Jane ruled in the saloons of Deadwood, and Wild Bill Hickock was shot in
National Journal Ratings
the back there while holding up two pair, aces and eights. It was a year when hunters started
1988 LIB 1988 CONS
1987 LIB 1987 CONS
slaughtering the buffalo, who could not be contained by barbed wire fences so thoroughly that
Economic
46%
-
52%
49%
-
50%
by the time Teddy Roosevelt got to the Dakota Territory in 1885 he had a hard time finding one
Social
40%
-
58%
48%
-
50%
to shoot.
Foreign
44%
-
55%
28%
-
70%
The mining towns flared brightly and then went dim or flickered out, though they're still
Key Votes
taking gold out of one mine in Lead. But their fame attracted settlers, already headed west, to
1) Homeless $
FOR
5) Ban Drug Test
AGN
9) SDI Research
FOR
the plains of the Dakota Territory. It was not long before the railroad came through, before the
2) Gephardt Amdt
FOR
6) Drug Death Pen
FOR
10) Ban Chem Weaps
AGN
Indians were massacred in 1890 at Wounded Knee, before enough settlers, many of them
3) Deficit Reduc
AGN
7) Handgun Sales
FOR
11) Aid to Contras
FOR
German and Scandinavian immigrants recruited by the railroads and land speculators, had built
4) Kill Plnt Clsng Notice AGN
8) Ban D.C. Abort $
FOR
12) Nuclear Testing
AGN
sodhouses and broken the land and set down roots to justify admitting both Dakotas to the Union
in 1889.
Election Results
That was just the moment that the Census Bureau and historian Frederick Jackson Turner
1988 general
Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
120,719
(76%)
($243,559)
Bob Cunningham (R)
37,958
(24%)
($10,604)
proclaimed the closing of the American frontier. But bits and pieces of frontier, of marchland
1988 primary
Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
65,608
(89%)
between the English-speaking American civilization and the civilizations that preceded it,
Luther Lightly, Jr. (D)
8,448
(11%)
remained then and remain now around the country. You can still see them in South Dakota. In
1986 general
Robin M. Tallon, Jr. (D)
92,398
(76%)
($269,708)
the 25 years between statehood and World War I, the eastern third of the state, sectioned off
Bob Cunningham (R)
29,922
(24%)
($61,949)
Midwestern style into 640 acre square miles, filled up with farmers. But before you get to the
Missouri River in the middle of the state, green turns to brown, cultivation grows sparser and
then stops, the land is punctuated not by roads meeting every mile at precise angles but by buttes
and gullies and grasslands sweeping all the way to the horizon with no sign of human habitation.
These are the plains where the Sioux once built a civilization based on hunting the buffalo, and
where the Sioux live today, on or just off reservations; currently, 7% of South Dakotans are
Indians. This is not an entirely peaceful frontier even yet: in 1973 Wounded Knee was occupied
by Indian militants, and not until 1984 did Indian leader Dennis Banks return to serve his
sentence for riot and assault.
By 1910 South Dakota's settlement patterns were established-with patches of frontier left
here and there-and the state's political character had been pretty well set. During the 1890s
voters here flirted briefly with the Populists and William Jennings Bryan; but by the 1920s,
South Dakota had become almost as monolithically Republican as Nebraska. Voters in South
Thurmond.
day-long event.
6:30
Sunna
H.Moore. EN.
Derumshi. VOI
Brady. TReas
Yeath. Ag.
L
D'armont (Labor) Do
Reception...
morns into the
90's
Bib.
Bib.
TOOH you HISN Big
St. Dolo 50%
Defence- -1
Crime-
abwater's 2 wife's name,
then digniture
APR 2 '90 11:27 P/M CONSULTING
PAGE. 01
FAX COVER SHEFT
TO:
Peggy Dooley
COMPANY:
DATE:
4/02
TIME:
NUMBER OF PAGES TO FOLLOW
FROM:
Tracey Barnes
P/M CONSULTING CORPORATION
1211 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, NW, SUITE 506
WASHINGTON, DC 20036
TELEPHONE NUMBER: 202-544-2120
FAX NUMBER: 202-543-7295
Peggy-
info \ send to interested
this IS the packet of
parties
APR 2 '90 11:27 P/M CONSULTING
PAGE. 02
U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond
Suite 506
PRESIDENTIALGRAM
1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington. DC 20036-2702
*** 7008 00126 1 ZP 0.205 BFPM057C ...
March 1, 1990
I am delighted to invite you to join in a "Salute to Two of America's Greatest
Leaders" ...
President Bush and U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond.
...
This event, which will take place here in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday,
April 11th, is designed to pay homage to two men who have dedicated their lives to
building an America that is strong, proud and free.
I hope you can join us and agree to serve as a Co-Chairman of this special
event. Tickets are $1,000 per person. Those Co-Chairmen who buy or sell 4 tickets
(S4,000) will have the opportunity to have their picture taken with the President of
the United States.
Our "Salute" will bring together Americans from all across the country in a full
day of activities and briefings by some of the nation's top conservative political
leaders. Our all day meeting will include a luncheon honoring Senator Thurmond
and a special evening reception with President Bush.
If you find you cannot serve as a Co-Chairman, I hope you will join in this
special event by at least purchasing an individual ticket. If time does not permit you
to attend, please be with us in spirit by contributing $100 and having your name
listed in the special program which will be presented to the President and Senator
Thurmond.
As you know, over the years I have had the distinct honor of working very
closely with President Bush and Senator Thurmond. To honor both of these men
together is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity that I am sure you will not want to miss.
Please use the attached form to tell me today that you will serve as a
Co-Chairman, attend, or contribute to the success of this "Salute".
Sincerely,
Lee atwater
APR 2 '90 11:27 P/M CONSULTING
PAGE. 03
PRESIDENTIALGRAM
SALUTE TO PRESIDENT BUSH AND SENATOR STROM THURMOND
Dear Lee:
YES!
I would be honored to serve as a Co-Chairman of the Salute to
President Bush and Senator Strom Thurmond and will commit to
buying/selling
tickets for $1,000 per ticket.
(Note: Co-chairmen must buy/sell a minimum of $4,000 worth
of tickets)
I am interested in serving as a Co-Chairman but would like
additional details. Please call me. My daytime phone number is
(
)
*
I cannot serve as a Co-Chairman but I do want to attend. Enclosed
please find a check for $
for
tickets.
REGRETS.
I cannot attend but wish to contribute to the success of the Salute to
President Bush and Senator Strom Thurmond. Enclosed please find
my contribution of S
*
(Note: All contributors of $100 will have their name listed in the
special commemorative program and will receive a copy of the
program following the event)
PLEASE MAKE CHECK PAYABLE TO:
RE-ELECT THURMOND COMMITTEE
For additional information call 202-544-2120
Please note: Federal Election law permits individuals to contribute a total of $2,000 ($1,000 toward the
primary and $1,000 toward the general election) in support of Senator Thurmond's re-election. A
husband and wife may each contribute $2,000. Corporate contributions are not acceptable by law.
The Secret Service requires the following information:
Daytime Phone (__)
Home Phone ( )
Social Security Number
Date of Birth
Employer
Occupation
0013834C
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 17902 WASHINGTON, DC
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond
Suite 506
1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036-2702
APR 2 '90 11:28
P/M CONSULTING
PAGE. 04
"SALUTE TO TWO OF AMERICA'S GREATEST LEADERS"
FACT SHEET
Our "Salute" to President George Bush and Senator Strom Thurmond is a
day-long series of events taking place in Washington, DC, with all
proceeds going toward Senator Thurmond's re-election.
The day begins with a continental breakfast followed by briefings by
some of the nation's top conservative political leaders. Included in
the day's briefing schedule is a luncheon in honor of Senator
Thurmond. The day concludes that evening with a reception honoring
President Bush, with the President in attendance.
DATE
April 11th, 1990
LOCATIONS
The J.W. Marriott (Breakfast, Briefings & Luncheon)
1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
The National Press Club (Reception)
429 14th Street, N.W.
TICKETS
$1,000 per ticket - Checks should be made payable to:
"The Re-elect Thurmond Committee"
and mailed to:
1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Suite 506
Washington, DC 20036
ACCOMMODATIONS A room block for participants of the event is being
held at the J.W. Marriott Hotel with rooms available at
a special rate of $135.00 per night for both single and
double rooms for the nights of April 10th and 11th.
Reservations can be made by calling (202) 393-2000.
TRANSPORTATION USAir is offering a discount of 40% on coach fares and
a 5% additional discount on promotional fares for
individuals traveling to the event during the time
period of April 8-14. Reservations can be made by
calling 1-800-334-8644 and referring to Gold File
#213571.
INFORMATION
Inquiries can be made at (202) 544-2120.
CO-CHAIRMEN
We encourage any interested individual to serve as a Co-Chairman by
selling four or more tickets ($4,000). A member of the PAC community
qualifies to become a Co-Chairman by making the maximum contribution
of $5,000. One special advantage to becoming a Co-Chairman is the
opportunity to have a photograph taken with President Bush. Photo
opportunities are limited, however, and will be granted on a first-
come-first-served basis.
APR 2 '90 11:28 P/M CONSULTING
PAGE.05
SAMPLE LETTER THAT CAN BE SENT ON YOUR OWN LETTERHEAD
Date
Mr. John Sample
123 Main Street
Anytown, USA 00000
Dear John:
I have recently been made aware of an event taking place in
Washington about. which I think you will be very interested in hearing
The event is "A Salute to Two of America's Greatest Leaders" and
is designed to do just that -- honor two great Americans:
President George Bush and Senator Strom Thurmond.
The "Salute" consists of a full-day of activities taking place on
Wednesday, April 11th. There will be a continental breakfast,
followed by briefings from 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., both at the
J.W. Marriott. The briefings feature Cabinet members, Republican
Senators, and national leaders speaking on topics of concern to
us all. There will be a luncheon half-way through the briefing
sessions with U.S. Agency heads in attendance and featuring Dr.
Jeane Kirkpatrick as the keynote speaker. The day concludes with
a reception at the National Press Club with President Bush in
attendance.
Tickets are priced at $1,000 each, with all proceeds going to
benefit the Re-elect Thurmond Committee.
There is no question that after his six terms in the United
States Senate, we should do everything we can to guarantee that
Senator Thurmond continue putting his experience to work on
committees such as the Senate Judiciary Committee and the Senate
Armed Services Committee.
As a Co-Chairman of the "Salute", I strongly urge you to take
part. I will touch base with you in the next few days, but if
you have any questions, please don't hesitate to call me. I hope
I can count on you to help make this event a success.
Sincerely,
APR 2 '90 11:29 P/M CONSULTING
PAGE.06
RE-ELECT THURMOND COMMITTEE
POST OFFICE BOX 11691
COLUMBIA, S.C. 29211-1691
Finance Steering Committee
Chairman
Gayle 0 Averyt
Vice Chairman
Frank Summer Smith. Jr.
SALUTE TO TWO OF AMERICA'S GREATEST
Co-Chairman
LEADERS
W.T. Cassels. Jr.
W.W. "Hootie" Johnson
Ellison S. McKissick. Jr.
Robert V. Royall. Jr.
INTERNAL UPDATE FOR CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRMEN
Committee Members
P. Henderson Barnette
Robert H. Chapman, Jr.
Walter Y. Elisha
Elaine Freeman
Washington, DC March 23 We have had a terrific response from our invita-
Joseph Griffith
Barry Hamrick
tions to potential speakers for our April 11th Poltical Briefings. The Briefings,
Francis M. Hipp
which are to be held from 9 to 5 at Washington, DC's J.W. Marriott Hotel,
Dwight A. Holder
will give attendees the unique chance to hear from a number of high level
Earle Holley. Jr.
Bishop Frederick C. James
conservative political leaders in an intimate setting.
Buck Mickel
Joel A. Smith. III
E. Craig Wall. Jr.
Charles Way
A number of speakers have confirmed ahead of schedule. Those giving
Ernest Willis
early support to Senator Thurmond include:
SECRETARY NICHOLAS BRADY
U.S. Department of the Treasury
DEPUTY SECRETARY RODERICK DeARMENT
U.S. Department of Labor
SECRETARY EDWARD DERWINSKI
U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs
DR. JEANE KIRKPATRICK
Former Ambassador to the United Nations
DEPUTY SECRETARY HENSON MOORE
U.S. Department of Energy
GOVERNOR JOHN SUNUNU
White House Chief of Staff
SECRETARY CLAYTON YEUTTER
U.S. Department of Agriculture
APR 2 '90 11:29 P/M CONSULTING
PAGE. 07
APRIL 11, 1990
INSIDER BRIEFINGS
9:00 A.M. UNTIL 5:00 P.M.
SECRETARY NICHOLAS BRADY
SENATOR BOB DOLE
CONGRESSMAN NEWT GINGRICH
DEPUTY SECRETARY HENSON MOORE
SECRETARY ROBERT MOSBACHER
SENATOR ALAN SIMPSON
GOVERNOR JOHN SUNUNU
SECRETARY CLAYTON YEUTTER
AT THE J.W. MARRIOTT HOTEL
*
LUNCHEON
12:00 P.M.
ADDRESS BY AMBASSADOR JEANE KIRKPATRICK
AT THE J.W. MARRIOTT HOTEL
*
PRESIDENTIAL RECEPTION
WITH U.S. DEPARTMENT AND AGENCY HEADS,
AND U.S. SENATORS
AT THE NATIONAL PRESS CLUB
YOU ARE CORDIALLY INVITED TO A
"SALUTE TO TWO OF AMERICA'S GREATEST LEADERS"
HONORING
PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH
AND
SENATOR STROM THURMOND
ON WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11TH, 1990
IN WASHINGTON, DC
R.S.V.P.
$1,000 PER PERSON
REPLY CARD ENCLOSED
FOR ALL EVENTS