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VFW 8/20/90 [OA 8327] [1]
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323153014
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VFW 8/20/90 [OA 8327] [1]
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13726-010
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
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S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13726
Folder ID Number:
13726-010
Folder Title:
VFW 8/20/90 [OA 8327] [1]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
20
6
7
09/10/90
17:02
NEA/ARN WASH DC
NO. 004
001
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
NEA/ARN TELEFAX COVER SHEET
DATE: Septio, 1990
IIIIS PAGE PLUS 2 PAGE(S) 10 FOLLOW
10:
NAME: TED GARMEY
OFFICE: WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF COMMUNICITIONS
FAX NO: 454-6218
FROM:
NAME
John Bargerin
OFFICE: STATE DGPT NEA/E64
PHONE NO. 647-0989
MESSAGE IF ANY: Per Request
NEA/ARN TELEFAX NUMBER: (202) 647-0989
Hav our ass.
y
in Germany for two meet trans
- Meridian Carp.
- Kenin Mmphy - 44
- unife are tw daughters
- Dix figure ralouy
ten deep later in SA.
- get off plane at lagor
reserves for 20 you Lt.Cal. (t.
09/10/90
17:02
NEA/ARN WASH DC
NO. 004
002
8/21
1. (U) EGYPTIAN RADIO INTERRUPTED REGULAR BROADCASTING AT
1400 TO CONVEY A PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENT ON THE GULF
CRISIS; CAIRO TELEVISION BROADCAST THE SAME MESSAGE AT
1508. THE READING OF THE STATEMENT WAS PRECEDED BY
NATIONALISTIC, MARTIAL MUSIC, SOME DATING FROM THE NASSER
ERA.
2. (U) EMBASSY'S INFORMAL TRANSLATION OF MUBARAK'S
STATEMENT FOLLOWS: BEGIN TEXT:
THE FOLLOWING IS PRESIDENT MUBARAK'S STATEMENT TO THE ARAB
NATION AND THE BROTHERLY IRAQI PEOPLE:
OUT OF OUR HISTORIC RESPONSIBILITY TO THE ARAB AND
ISLAMIC NATIONS AND THE ENTIRE WORLD, AND THE DESIRE
TO PROTECT PEACE AND WARD OFF A DESTRUCTIVE WAR THAT
WILL LEAVE BEHIND NOTHING BUT TOTAL RUIN... FOR GOD
AND FOR COUNTRY, I CALL ON BROTHER PRESIDENT SADDAM,
IN THE NAME OF ALL THE HOLY PLACES ON OUR ARAB LAND,
IN THE NAME OF OUR CIVILIZED HERITAGE THAT HAS TAUGIT
THE WORLD DIGNITY, PRIDE, INTEGRITY,
IN THE NAME OF ISLAM, A RELIGION OF BROTHERHOOD,
PEACE, SOLIDARITY, AND COOPERATION,
IN THE NAME OF ARAB NATIONALISM CALLING US TO A
PROSPEROUS FUTURE,
IN THE NAME OF ARABISM, WHICH HAS UNITED US IN
RELIGION AND LAND, AND IN THE NAME OF OUR UNITY, A
SHIELD AGAINST OUR ENEMIES WHO WISH TO DESTROY IT,
RIP APART OUR FAMILIES, AND SEE OUR MEN FALLING,
IN THE NAME OF SOLIDARITY, PEACE, AND COMPASSION, IN
THE NAME OF EVERY ARAB MAN, WOMAN AND CHILD HOPING
FOR A BRIGHT FUTURE AND A HAPPY FAMILY,
IN THE NAME OF THE THOUSANDS OF MARTYRS WHO HAVE
GIVEN THEIR LIVES AND BLOOD THROUGH AN LONG STRUGGLE
OVER THE COURSE OF HISTORY TC PROVIDE US WITH A FREE
LIFE ON A FREE LAND,
I CALL ON PRESIDENT SADDAM to SAVE THE (ARAB) MAN AND
ENTITY FROM A DESTRUCTIVE WAR OF WHICH. IF IT STARTS,
NO ONE EXCEPT GOD CAN FORETELL THE TERRIFYING
RESULTS A WAR THAT WILL SET US BACK INTO YEARS OF
DARKNESS.
1 CALL ON SADDAM TO TAKE THE DECISION OF WITHDRAWING
THE IRAQI FORCES FROM KUWAIT, AND TO RESTORE THE
STATE OF EVENTS (EXISTING) BEFORE THE INVASION.
THE ARAB CONSENSUS LOOKS TO YOU TO TAKE THIS
INITIATIVE, WHICH WILL BE APPRECIATED BY THE ARABS
AND BY THE ENTIRE WORLD: EAST AND WEST, NORTH AND
SOUTH.
CALL ON YOU AT THESE CRUCIAL, DECISIVE AND
DIFFICULT HOURS. I AM CONFIDENT THAT YOU WILL
RESPOND TO MY REQUEST FOR THE SAKE OF THE HIGHER ARAB
INTERESTS, WHICH ARE ABOVE ALL OTHER.
THE ARAB NATION WILL NOT BE INCAPABLE OF SOLVING ITS
PROBLEMS AND ACHIEVING ITS SOLIDARITY, AND REALIZE
ITS RIGHTS THROUGH (THE ACTIONS OF) BY ITS OWN MEN
AND LEADERS.
MAY GOD GUIDE US TO THE PATH OF TRUTH AND JUSTICE.
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE GULF
09/10/90
17:03
NEA/ARN WASH DC
NO. 004
003
News conference
GAFTANDILIAN
August 25, 1990
***
INRISS
UNCLAS SC/PMU LD
INRISS ***
WE DO NOT WANT THE IRAQI PEOPLE TO DIE. THESE PEOPLE ARE OUR
BROTHERS. IT SHOULD NOT BE ONLY ONE PERSON'S DECISION THAT WOULD
DESTROY THE WORLD. THIS IS WHY WE ARE TRYING ALL AVAILABLE MEANS.
YOU CAN SEE THE WAR OF EMBASSIES. WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE? WHY ARE YOU
ROUSING THE HOSTILITY OF THE ENTIRE WORLD? THEY HAVE CUT OFF WATER
AND ELECTRICITY TO OUR EMBASSY BUT THE STAFF IS STAYING PUT, THEY
ARE TIRED AND FOOD IS ROTTING. WHY? WHERE ARE THE PEOPLE YOU PUT
IN FACTORIES? YOU KEEP ON PUTTING FOREIGNERS THERE BUT AN OPERATION
WILL COME ALONG AND STRIKE EVERYTHING AND IT WILL BE A CATASTROPHE.
WE ARE TOLLING THE BELLS OF DANGER BUT NO ONE WANTS TO BELIEVE,
THEY UNDERSTAND THAT THESE (FORCES)) HAVE NOT COME TO PLAY. DOES
IT MAKE SENSE TO SEND THESE MASSIVE FORCES THERE AND THE U.S.
PRESIDENT ( CHANGES THOUGHT)) TOMORROW THEY WILL SAY THAT THIS
IS AN EGYPTIAN PLOT JUST BECAUSE I AM SAYING THIS. NO. I AM A MAN
WITH A MILITARY BACKGROUND AND I KNOW. ALL THE MASSIVE FORCES THERE
CAN DESTROY NOT ONLY IRAQ. THEY SAY: WE WILL TRIUMPH OVER YOU.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PAGE 03
2820398
WHAT TRIUMPH? ARE WE FOOLING EACH OTHER? HOW WILL THEY BE
DEFEATED? THEY HAVE WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT THAT WE DO NOT HAVE.
LET US THEN BE REASONABLE AND ARGUE LOGICALLY. IT IS NOT A
QUESTION OF BRAVADO. WE USED TO SAY: IF THEY DON'T LIKE THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA THEN THEY CAN DRINK THE RED SEA WATER. AND WE GOT
THE 1967 BEATING. THESE ARE LESSONS. THEY COMPARE HIM TO 'ABD-AL-
NASIR. THERE IS ABSOLUTELY NO POINT OF COMPARISON AND I SAY THIS
CONFIDENTLY. 'ABD-AL-NASIR WAS A NATIONALIST AND A LIBERATOR FROM
COLONALISM WHO DID NOT SHED THE BLOOD OF A SINGLE PERSON. NEVER.
IT WOULD BE A HATEFUL INJUSTICE FOR ME TO COMPARE 'ABD-AL-NASIR WITH
SADDAM HUSAYN. NEVER.
WE ARE URGING ALL COUNTRIES TO PURSUE PEACEFUL MEANS TO A
SOLUTION. IF IT IS QUESTION OF WAR AND WE COME OUT IN FAVOR OF IT,
THEN IT WILL START IN ONE WEEK AND IT WILL NOT STOP. THE WORLD
WANTS US TO SAY THAT IT SHOULD BE RESOLVED THROUGH WAR. WAR IS AN
EASY WORD BUT ITS CONSEQUENCES ARE TERRIBLE. LET US NOT BE
PRESUMPTUOUS AND SAY THAT WE WILL DEFEAT, DESTROY, AND PACK THEM IN
BAGS. NO, LET US BE REASONABLE AND ARGUE LOGICALLY AND REASONABLY
so THAT PUBLIC OPINION CAN UNDERSTAND. WHY KEEP ROUSING PUBLIC
OPINION? WHAT NEXT? THEN WE ENTERED INTO ISLAM AND RELIGION AND I
DO NOT KNOW WHAT.
(CORRESPONDENT) (WORDS INDISTINCT)) THAT EGYPT HAS AGREED TO
THE IDEA OF SIMULTANEOUS WITHDRAWAL or THE IRAQI FORCES FROM KUWAIT
AND THE FOREIGN FORCES? WHO HAS CLOSED THE ROAD TO SIMULTANEOUS
WITHDRAWAL7 WE KNOW THAT YOU HAVE AGREED TO SIMULTANEOUS
WITHORAWAL: THE IRAQI FORCES WOULD WITHDRAW FROM KUWAIT AND
(MUBARAK INTERRUPTS) ) THEY OPPOSED IT BUT THEN CAME OUT WITH A
PLAN CALLING FOR A WITHDRAWAL FROM ISRAEL ((AS HEARD)), A WITHDRAWAL
FROM TRINIDAD, A WITHDRAWAL FROM SINGAPORE, A WITHDRAWAL FROM THE
FAULKLANDS, AND so ON. ARE WE FOOLING EACH OTHER,
(( (CORRESPONDENT) (PASSAGE INDISTINCT)
(MUBARAK)) AT THE SUMMIT.
CORRESPONDENT) (PASSAGE INDISTINCT)
( (MUBARAK) ALL OF THEM. EVEN THOSE OPPOSED WERE NOT IN FACT
CONVINCED. WITHDRAWAL REMAINS SIMULTANEOUS. BUT WHAT ELSE? THERE
MUST BE A SIMULTANEOUS WITHDRAWAL AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF AN ARAB
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
PAGE 04
2820392
FORCE CAPABLE OF DISENGAGING BETWEEN THE TWO PARTIES, OTHERWISE HE
WOULD COME BACK AND SWALLOW IT AND OTHERS TOO AFTER THIS FORCE
WITHDRAWS. I DO NOT BELIEVE THAT ANY COUNTRY WOULD OBJECT TO
SIMULTANEOUS WITHDRAWAL IF ((AN ARAB FORCE)) IS DEPLOYED. THIS IS
KNOWN, KNOWN. ANY KIND OF WITHDRAWAL IS REJECTED. HE SAID: WE
HAVE AN HISTORIC RIGHT TO THIS TERRITORY. YOU HEARD THAT THEY ARE
***
INRISS
UNCLAS 5C/PMU LD
INRISS
***
Initials
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a CNN reparter OC thg. 7
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mateling feamer her father ship
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NO. 58-2404 GREEN TINT RITE-ACROSS
VERNON CO. ELIZABETH 07208
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hew to unite
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NO.58-2404 GREEN TINT NO.58-2604 BUFF RITE-ACROSS
S.E. & M. VERNON CO. ELIZABETH J. 07208
Initials
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firengt Maintenano unt, Langley
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AFB, Virginia, Wa now on leave
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to be married when he w an Calle 6
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his bride, the famlies, and minute
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Robert L. Petermon Sr. and Name
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NO. 58-2404 GREEN TINT NO. 58-2604 BUFF RITE-ACROSS
S.E.&M. VERNON CO. ELIZABETH, N.J. 07208
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
NATIONAL SECURITY DIVISION
COVER SHEET
NUMBER OF PAGES:
/
DATE: 8/14/90
(EXCLUDING COVER SHEET)
TO:
Stephanie Van meter
AGENCY & ROOM NO. : White Hour
OFFICE NO. :
2750
TELEFAX NO. $
6218
FROM:
John Achnhart
AGENCY:
OMB /NSD
OFFICE NO. :
4734
TELEFAX NO. :
395-3307
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Please @ call if you have
questions
SENT BY:Xerox lelecopier 7020 ; 8-14-90 ; 12:57
;
93953307-
2024566218;# 2
National Defense Function (050) Budget Authority
08/14/90
(current $ in millions)
Fiscal Year
1987
1988
1989
1990
Request
320,340
311,967
299,529
315,193
Actual
287,427
292,008
299,567
301,631
Change from Request
(32,913)
(19,959)
38
(13,562)
Change from Prior Year
(1,719)
4,581
7,559
2,064
% Real Growth from
(3.7)
2.0
(1.3)
(2.2)
prior year
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
MEMO for
Ted
check bughlighted
section. to mul
details, check with
JCS public affuris.
J.
Gen. Powell.
697 9121
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
NEWS RELEASE
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
(PUBLIC AFFAIRS)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WASHINGTON, D.C. - 20301
PLEASE NOTE DATE
697-3189 (Copies)
695-3886 (Info.)
REMARKS PREPARED FOR DELIVERY BY
THE HONORABLE DICK CHENEY
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL ACTION CONFERENCE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FRIDAY, MARCH 2, 1990
It's particularly nice to join you today because the Conservative
Political Action Conference -- indeed all conservatives -- have a great deal
to be proud of. The policies you've supported -- robust military forces,
skepticism of the Soviet Union and faith in the ultimate success of democracy
-- these policies, and the principles that stand behind them, have been
vindicated in ways all of us hoped for, but none of us could have expected.
Tonight, I'd like to discuss some of the dramatic political changes we
are seeing in the world today and suggest how the democratic revolution in
the world is going to influence American defense policy. In particular, I
want to talk about the role strategic defense is going to play in our future
defense strategy.
I think one of the most honorable aspects of the American conservate
movement is its fundamental confidence in democratic rule and individual
rights. With the utter failure of communism now obvious to the world, it's
easy to forget that just a little over a decade ago some people were ready to
call it a day for democracy and declare Marxism the victor.
In 1976 -- ironically the bicentennial of the Declaration of
Independence -- Daniel Moynihan turned his mind to the question of the future
of democracy and concluded as follows:
Liberal democracy on the American model increasingly tends to the
condition of monarchy in the 19th century: a holdover form of
government, one which persists in isolated or peculiar places here
and there, and may even serve well enough for special circumstance,
but which has simply no relevance to the future. It is where the
world was, not where it is going.
MORE
-2-
No matter what we think of that depressing sentiment today, it's an
accurate picture of where some thought democracy was heading in the 1970s.
The question was then -- and is now -- what are democratic nations willing to
sacrifice to insure the success and spread of freedom? And I think it is
clear that the pessimists could have been borne out had it not been for
decisive and unified actions on the part of America and our allies.
Throughout the post-war era, the biggest threat to peace and freedom has
been the Soviet Union and its client states. They embarked on a massive
military buildup that went far beyond what they needed for their own defense.
In fact that military arsenal was useful for only two purposes: conquest or
intimidation.
And they've used it for both. But the strategy ultimately failed. It
failed because the democracies deployed forces too strong to be conquered,
and our commitment to freedom was too strong for us to be intimidated.
As I'm sure you all know, Bill Buckley once edited a book of political
philosophy called Have You Ever Seen a Dream Walking. Well, we saw the dream
walking just this week in a country nearly bled dry by the Marxist
Sandinistas. In an historic mandate for free government, the Nicaraguan
people sacked the Communists and rejected oppression.
And this really says something fundamental about the human spirit. Give
people a fair chance, and they'll go for freedom every time.
In fact, the Nicaraguan voters have done a big favor for Mikhail
Gorbachev. They've relieved him of yet another major burden -- a burden that
last year alone cost the Soviets some 500 million dollars in military aid.
We are looking forward to close and warm relations with the new
democratic government of Nicaragua.
With democracy seeming to take root in Nicaragua, Castro's Cuba remains
the sole, beleaguered holdout for Communism in this hemisphere. Moscow now
spends about 13 million dollars a day -- a day -- to aid Cuba. If Mr.
Gorbachev wants to improve his economy, here's a good place to start. He
could use that 13 million dollars a day to service his debt, rebuild his
nation, pay interest on loans, and invest in industry.
But I suppose if he understood that, he'd be a Capitalist, not a
Communist, and he wouldn't be throwing five billion dollars a year down that
sink hole in Cuba.
The victory for democracy in Nicaragua follows in the train of really
stunning developments around the world, especially in Eastern Europe.
MORE
-3-
There are surely many reasons for this global movement toward democracy.
America and NATO have proved that unity backed by robust military power could
contain the Kremlin and force it to live with its own unworkable system.
Courage and faith in Eastern Europe proved that tyrants can't break the human
spirit. So, we have every reason to feel an enormous sense of
accomplishment.
But this feeling shouldn't send us into a euphoric daze.
Building and sustaining democratic government is not easy. We have over
200 years experience with elections, representative government, Congresses,
and Presidents, and we are still working out the process. Some nations
facing elections this year have little or no experience in electoral
democracy. In Eastern Europe we are looking at a long and difficult process,
one that we can influence, but not determine. In Nicaragua, the Chamorro
government faces an economy in ruins and the major challenge of demobilizing
the Sandinista army -- an army controlled by her opposition and larger than
all other Central American armies combined. The Sandinistas still control
the interior ministry, they still control a secret police force, and they are
still sitting on a 10 year buildup of Soviet arms. Elections are one day
events. Fulfilling the promise of the election is the work of years.
In the Soviet Union, we face a powerful nation in the throes of major
change. We welcome Mr. Gorbachev's efforts to reform his nation.
Fundamental change in the political structure offers the best hope that
genuine reform will take root. But no one has any clear idea of how the
Kremlin will solve the dizzying array of problems it now faces.
Prophecy is a difficult art. I know of no one's predictions about the
Soviet Union that have SO far proven any more accurate than the polls were in
predicting last week's election in Nicaragua.
So, no matter how good the news, we have to be careful. We need to
avoid the mistake of believing that today's trend is tomorrow's reality.
Wise policy, dedication and sacrifice turned America around in the
1980s. Foolish policy today can destroy the great promise of the 1990s.
The most destructive action this nation could take in a time of global
change and uncertainty is to slash our defense spending in the belief that we
are entering an era of perpetual peace.
I know that there are people who think that because of the changes in
Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, all the threats to our freedoms have
evaporated into thin air, and that we could cut defense spending by half or
even more.
0
When I hear talk like this, I just say visit Panama and talk with those
who suffered under a cruel regime and were liberated by the American
military.
o
I tell them to look at the rubble from the terrorist bombing of Pan Am
flight 103.
MORE
-4-
I tell them to listen to the voices of the millions who have yet to live
one day of freedom.
And I tell them to look at the still enormous strategic and conventional
military strength of the Soviet Union.
From an overstuffed chair in a quiet library the world may seem
peaceful. At the front lines it's a different story.
If we are going to remain on the front lines, we must maintain military
strength second to none. To do this in a time of declining budgets we have
to be sure we are thinking clearly about the future.
As we look to the future we can see a host of complex threats. The
Soviet Union will almost certainly remain a military superpower. We will
also see threats from terrorism, and radical leaders in the third world. We
will continue to be engaged in Europe and Asia.
To manage whatever threats the future may bring, we also have to focus
on advanced technology.
Now I know many of you must be wondering why a good conservative like
Dick Cheney is stopping production of major weapons systems such as our M-1
tank and our F-14D fighter. Well, it's because we need to conserve limited
resources to make sure we can afford the next generation of weapons systems.
As a Congressman, I voted for every new weapon system--I never met one I
didn't like. Now I've got to figure out how to pay for them.
There is no question that we are facing some very hard choices.
Military bases are going to close, force structure will be reduced, and
weapons programs will be terminated. None of this will be popular, or easy.
Many interests stand behind the continued good health of a major defense
contract and every interest can argue that its weapons or its military base
is essential for the survival of the West. Believe me, there hasn't been a
long line of Congressmen outside my office lately ready to say, "You know
Dick, that military base in my district is an obsolete waste of the
taxpayers' money--close it."
But in looking at the national interest, we recognize that as nice as it
would be to buy some weapons or keep certain bases, the reality is that we
have to make some very painful decisions.
One of the areas of greatest concern as we look to the future is
strategic modernization. The fact is that the Soviet Union remains the only
nation capable of destroying us. Deterring strategic nuclear war remains our
primary concern.
And given the staggering problems the Kremlin is having with its economy
it's sobering to realize that its nuclear forces are continually being
modernized. Indeed, given this investment in newer, more accurate and more
survivable weapons, even after a START agreement is signed the Soviets will
MORE
-5-
continue to have all the warheads they need to strike critical targets in the
United States.
To keep deterrence strong, we must continue our own strategic
modernization program.
Now I would like to spend a few moments discussing one of the keys to
this modernization program -- the Strategic Defense Initiative.
Let me make one thing clear. The President and I are determined to
deploy strategic defenses, when they are ready.
To achieve this goal, however, we've got to have the right level of
funding from Congress. In the budget just sent to the Hill we've asked for
an increase in SDI of about a billion dollars. We need this increase to get
back on track after the cuts we sustained in previous years. Indeed, because
our research so far has been so successful, we're now at the stage where our
tests are more realistic -- and so more expensive -- than ever.
Just a few years ago when I was in Congress the debate over SDI tended
to turn on its technical feasibility. The critics charged the program was
looking to the most exotic technologies, that science could never give us an
adequate defense, that strategic defense was impossible.
Well, as with other impossibilities, like the collapse of the Berlin
Wall and democracy coming to Nicaragua, strategic defense is close to being a
reality.
In fact, the real roadblocks to SDI are political, not technical.
One of the reasons I am so confident about the feasibility of the first
phase of SDI is the Brilliant Pebbles concept. A Brilliant Pebble is a self-
contained, three foot long bullet that could destroy an ICBM by hitting it.
These relatively simple satellites would be used to detect, track and destroy
a missile early in its flight without the use of any explosives. Because of
great advances in miniaturization, we will be able to outfit these Pebbles
with sensors, tracking systems, communications and -- of course -- computers
to make everything work together. We're using technologies that are either
already or nearly fully developed so the costs have been driven down
dramatically. In fact, in the Brilliant Pebbles program, we foresee the
first ever mass-production of spacecraft. They will be easy and cheap to
deploy and so present enormous problems to any attacker.
The progress we've made on this concept supports our decision to
increase funding for Brilliant Pebbles by 200 million dollars.
If the critics wish to engage us in a completely honest debate about
missile defense, it must be on the question of whether or not we need it.
For me, the answer is a quite clearly yes. In fact, we need it now more than
ever.
As far as we can look into the future it is reasonable to assume that
the Soviet Union is going to retain enormous nuclear capability. It is,
after all, the only thing that makes it a superpower. It is doubtful they
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will want to give it up. As a result, prudence demands we continue work on
SDI.
Moreover, we would like the Soviets to join us in moving deterrence
away from offensive threats to a safer world in which security is grounded on
defensive technologies.
The fact is the world would be a safer place with more defense and less
offense, and that is what we hope can happen as we continue our work on SDI.
Today, the Kremlin has the world's only operational anti-ballistic
missile system as well as the world's most extensive air defense system.
They seem hardly allergic to the idea of their own defense, why should
they object to our efforts?
A second major reason we need to continue SDI -- and fund it properly --
is the spread of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and the means to
deliver them.
It's a sobering thought. Second class powers can become first class
threats. In fact, in a little over a decade, at least 15 developing nations
will probably have ballistic missiles.
Deterrence is based on certain jointly held, rational calculations about
the risks and costs of attack. It has worked well for the last forty years
with the Soviet Union. Are we so confident that deterrence will always hold
when we have to deal with radical and unstable third world leaders -- leaders
who might think they have nothing to lose from an attack on the United
States?
Against this kind of threat, SDI could offer deterrence and population
protection for the U.S. and our allies. Is Congress really willing to say to
the American people that we will not spend your money to protect you from
nations that are unstable, anti-democratic and willing to use terrorism.
There are many compelling reasons why we need SDI. The President is
dedicated to this program. He believes it would be one of the greatest gifts
we could give to future generations.
Let me conclude tonight with one final thought. In my recent trips to
Asia and Europe I've had the chance to meet and talk with hundreds of our men
and women in uniform. They are an extraordinary group of young Americans --
I think they are the best we've ever had.
The other day, General Powell (Chariman, Joint Chiefs of Staff) and I
took the commanders of our Just Cause operation in Panama to a meeting in the
White House with the President. Each of them--General Thurman, the head of
our Southern Command, General Stiner head of our Joint Task Force, our Army
Commander General Cisneros, and the other commanders each brought with them
one of their enlisted people who had distinguished themselves in battle. The
President brought us together not because he wanted to hear from the
generals, but because he wanted to talk with the troops, the sergeants, the
corporals and the chief petty officers, who liberated Panama and brought
Maneul Noreiga to justice.
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We sat in the cabinet room for an hour as each of these young men and
women--Navy Seal, Army Ranger, Trooper in the 82nd Airborne--told the
President about their experiences in Panama. The President asked one of
them, a medic, about the action he'd seen. He told of the withering fire his
company had suffered. But he wouldn't tell us all that he had done, so his
commanding officer told us his story This medic, after having been wounded
himself, had repeatedly gone in under fire to pull out the wounded, and had
been awarded the Silver Star for bravery.
I know these young men and women were a bit nervous having to talk with
the President, and probably in awe of the setting. But by the end, we were
in awe of them.
You need only meet men and women like this once to realize that our most
important military asset is young Americans in uniform.
As we go through this difficult process of cutting our defense budget,
we've got to keep that fact firmly in mind. Every outdated military base,
every marginal system we are forced to keep alive because of some pork-barrel
deal, is money taken from the men and women who have chosen to put on our
nation's uniform and go in harms way.
Our soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines ask nothing more of us than
that we give them the tools and training to do the job of defensing America.
No matter what parochial interests we may offend, we will not break faith
with these brave men and women.
Thank you all very much.
# # #
Conalyn Piper
697-4272
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n Juan Hill, and the Rock Creek
mitive levels of the strenuous life.
lier service as deputy sheriff and
T.R. The Free Citingen
brought law and order to an un-
gainst the spoils system, his fight
VIII
k, were the strenuous life in a new
include the battles and the sieges
1 a President of the United States,
blems and the need of new solu-
1. We've got to be American
The Editor
To bear the name of American is to bear the most honora-
ble of titles; and whoever does not so believe has no busi-
ness to bear the name at all.¹
Americanism is a question of principle, of purpose, of
idealism, of character;
not a matter of birthplace, or
creed, or line of descent.² Americanism means many things.
It means equality of rights and, therefore, equality of duty -
and of obligation. It means service to our common country.
It means loyalty to one flag, to our flag, the flag of all of
us. It means on the part of each of us respect for the rights
of the rest of us. It means that all of us guarantee the rights
of each of us. It means free education, genuinely representa-
tive government, freedom of speech and thought, equality
before the law for all men, genuine political and religious
freedom and the democratizing of industry so as to give at
least a measurable equality of opportunity for all
Everything is un-American that tends either to govern-
ment by a plutocracy or government by a mob. To divide
along the lines of section or caste or creed is un-American.
All privileges based on wealth, and all enmity to honest men
merely because they are wealthy, are un-American-both of
them equally so. Americanism means the virtues of courage,
honor, justice, truth, sincerity, and hardihood-the virtues
that made America. The things that will destroy America
are prosperity-at-any-price, peace-at-any-price, safety-first
59
58
Insert for VFW Speech re: relations with Vietnam
"As many of you know, on July 18 in Paris Secretary of State
Baker announced certain adjustments to our policy regarding
Cambodia. These adjustments were made to accelerate efforts to
achieve a comprehensive political settlement to that tragic
conflict there. As some of these adjustments touch on our
dealings with Vietnam, I want to briefly outline them now so that
you can be exactly sure of what our policy is, and will remain.
" One of the elements of our new approach is to begin a dialogue
about Cambodia with Hanoi. Indeed, the first meeting on this
issue with the Vietnamese took place on Monday, August 6 in New
York, at a low diplomatic level. Let me be clear that our
willingness to establish these contacts has no effect whatsoever
on our longstanding policy on normalization of relations with
Hanoi.
" As our representatives reiterated to the Vietnamese in New York
recently, we are prepared to normalize relations only in the
context of an acceptable political settlement in Cambodia,
including the verified withdrawal of the entire Vietnamese
military presence there. The pace and scope of normalization
will also depend on cooperation on POW/MIA and other humanitarian
issues.
"Let me also stress that our policy and regulations on economic
and trade matters will also remain the same both as to Vietnam
and Cambodia, except that we will ease licencing requirements for
humanitarian projects in line with our existing policy of
treating political and humanitarian questions independently.
We will also continue to oppose actively multilateral development
bank lending to Vietnam and Cambodia.
"In short, rest assured that there will be no moves towards
normalization with Hanoi until the fundamental right of self-
determination has been restored to the people of Cambodia through
free and fair elections, conducted under U.N. supervision. The
people of Cambodia, who have suffered from both Khmer Rouge
atrocities and eleven years of Vietnamese occupation, deserve
nothing less.
"Moreover, as Secretary Baker has firmly said, we will consider
holding a dialogue with the Phnom Penh regime only if it is clear
that this would lead to free and fair elections.'
WHRC
E38a
72
E300
OF THE
3 5 3.
/
GEMAN PA USID E/D (R) OF
EISENHOWER SEN I HOWER
DWIGHT W GHT IT I
QUOTABLE BLE H
THE
THE The sur
ould save France. So we did
force. (Speech to Chamber of Commerce of the State of
king to French people who
New York, New York City, May 7, 1948).
[193
go them what a good job we
elighted when de Gaulle got
Socialism. We believe that our free and socially re-
on't agree with all his ideas.
sponsible enterprise has demonstrated definite advantages
[190
over an economy based upon a socialistic pattern of organiza-
tion. But we do recognize that those nations whose particular
problems lead them to adopt a socialist economy should not
on the rights and dignity of
be condemned for doing so. (Address before Commonwealth
at system depends upon the
Club of California, San Francisco, Calif., October 20,
nal, individual responsibility
1960).
[194
he whole. No government
at or pfc., no other person
DESPOTISM
-else democracy will cease
Despotism, whatever its guise, develops when men, losing
Legion Convention, New
faith in themselves, surrender bit by bit their responsibilities
[191
to a central authority. (QUOTE, November 26, 1950, as
President of Columbia University).
[195
be pledged in joyous, gener-
ever clear, ever the same. It
DETERMINATION
-that glorious gift of our
A business, an industry, the nation itself, prospers and is
idea-democracy-is not a
strong only insofar as its men and women are determined to
e casually inherited persua-
make it great and work together for that end. (As Chief of
I a definition of man. (As
Staff, Address before the National Board of Fire Underwrit-
dent, speech at Alfred E.
ers, New York, N. Y., May 27, 1947).
[196
ner, New York, N. Y., Oc-
[192
Foreign Affairs. If we will dedicate our minds to
worthy purposes, lift up our hearts in determination that it
any man for one second
shall be done, there is no foreign power that can challenge
pport, defend, the idea that
us. There is no task in the foreign field that can defeat our
supplant dictatorship and
leadership, our efforts to make it strong to serve our interests
49
and the interests of others in the free world. (As Republican
of our life, and the vigor
Candidate for President, speech to Veterans of Foreign
nicipal Auditorium, Oklahc
Wars, Los Angeles, Calif., August 5, 1952).
[197
1957).
DICTATORS
DIFFERENCES
No dictator is ever as free to do exactly as he wants as the
Allies. When we OCC
world seems to think. A dictator has the problem of public
we are, as a free people, sim
opinion-how public opinion may be forced through the
and to our common caus
police state
He couldn't possibly just have 200 million
speech delivered over radi
Russians hating him and wanting to kill him, including the
Army and everything else. There would be no dictator. He
D. C., September 19, 1956)
wouldn't be there. So, he has his problems, too
We
DIFFICULTIES
must not make the mistake of saying that everything he does
Success. Difficulties
we think is evil is entirely of his own volition. (Comments
stance that they fade into no
on a CBS television broadcast, February 15, 1962).
[198
(As Supreme Commander,
DICTATORSHIPS
the English Speaking Uni
1951).
I believe myself that, if we can keep a sturdy course and a
steady course, firm in what we believe to be right, that finally
DIPLOMACY
even the Soviets begin to learn that it is not to their benefit
We must put effort, skill
to go in and try to buy, bribe and subvert generally people
that are themselves trying to live their own lives; because,
for upon it, ultimately, will
finally, what all history shows, that, when any dictatorship
War III. (Speech delivered
goes too far in its control, finally, whether it be the Roman
ington, D. C., September I
Empire or Genghis Khan's or Napoleon's or anyone's else,
We need more individua
just the very size of the thing begins to defeat them. (News
from our farms, schools, la
conference, August 20, 1958).
[199
life. People-to-people diploi
time ambassadors-all WC
Democracies. The real strength with which the
self-governing democracies have met the tests of history is
among all peoples. (Remark
something denied to dictatorships. It is found in the quality
ence on Exchange of Perso
30, 1959).
50
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Department of Veterans Affairs
Office of Public Affairs
FAX TRANSMISSION
Date: 8-9-90
To: TED GARMEY 456-2771
WHITE HOUSE
SPEECAWRITER
FAX Number: 456-6218
From:
Bob Putnam
233-5587
Commercial FAX # (202) 376-8778
FTS FAX #
8-376-8778
Transmitting: This Cover Page Plus 3 page(s).
Comments:
CALL IF You NEED
FURTHER INFO.
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TED: secretary Derwinski feels the President could best
support us through reference to two issues:
1. FUNDING:
Background: In his travels around the country, the
Secretary hears routine grousing from veterans groups about
under-funding of VA medical facilities. These complaints had
basis in fact, due to fiscal pressures and shortfalls in VA
health care funding circa FY 86 thru 89. The Bush
Administration has been much more supportive, but complaints
continue, reflecting un-informed local vet leaders simply
responding to rhetoric from their national organizations (which
exist on their tradition of pressing for greater benefits).
Suggested Message: This Administration's commitment to
veterans and their benefits programs is solid. Even though
we're fighting a pitched battle against the deficit, we asked
for -- and got -- supplemental funding for VA at our first
opportunity, the FY 89 budget. That level of support is
sustained in this year's VA budget, and a very healthy increase
(more than $1 billion for health care alone) is proposed for
next fiscal year.
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 8- 9-90 ; 9:45AM ;
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20245662181# 3
Everyone has to pull together if we're going to get the
Federal deficit under control. But it's not going to be done
at the expense of those who fought for -- and won -- our peace
and security.
2. COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE STRUCTURE OF VETERANS HEALTH CARE
Background: Access to VA medical services is uneven around
the country (underservice and waiting lines in some areas; over
capacity and wasted resources in others). To correct this
situation, and to prepare the system to handle the rapid aging
of the veteran population, VA has launched a commission to
compare the location, capacity, mission, etc., of existing VA
facilities with projected future needs. In past speeches to
veterans groups, President Bush and Vice President Quail have
endorsed this initiative. Another plug would be appreciated.
Suggested Message: I know there some problems of access to
veterans health care around the country. Some veterans just
plain have to wait too long to see a doctor, or to get a
prescription. We've got to do a better job.
We also need to make sure our VA hospitals will be able to
take care of the increasing numbers of older veterans that will
need health care in the years to come.
SENT. BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 8- 9-90 ; 9:45AM ;
2023768778-
2024566218;# 4
That's why the work of this Commission on the Future
Structure of Veterans Health Care is so important, and I'm very
pleased to hear that they've already had their first meeting.
This approach -- having the objective evaluation of an
independent group of medical experts -- will give us the
blueprint we need to improve the health care our veterans need
and deserve.
VFW: Acknowledgements
My thanks to all of you out there, but particularly to
Walter Hogan, doing a great job as your Commander in Chief.
Following in the foot steps of a legend like Cooper Holt isn't
easy, but you couldn't have picked a better replacement than
Walter Hogan. Received the Purple Heart for his heroics as squad
leader of the 7th Infantry over in Korea, and I don't want to say
Walter had a reputation for being a tough soldier, but
(joke)
And it's great to have Cooper with us tonight as well. I also
want to mention today's honorees: Maj. Gen. James Fretland, Bud
Dudley, and then there's somebody who I've spent some time with
over the years: the silver fox over here, my wife Barbara. of
course, any of our children will tell you that Barbara's the five
star general in our family --when she gives the orders watch
out
Finally, just let me thank my V.A. Secretary and fellow VFW
member Ed Derwinski who's with us today: representing our
nation's veterans on my Cabinet with honor. I'm proud to have
him aboard. Ed's got so much going on over there, but I'm
particularly happy to see the work they're doing to improve our
veterans hospitals.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Aspen, Colorado)
For Immediate Release
August 2, 1990
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO THE ASPEN INSTITUTE SYMPOSIUM
The Music Tent
The Aspen Institute
Aspen, Colorado
3:35 P.M. MDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Lod Cook, thank you so very
much for that genuinely warm welcome. I've really been looking
forward to coming here. To David McLaughlin, our President; and John
Phelan, the Chairman, I salute you for what you are doing, what you
have done. To Henry Catto, our distinguished Ambassador to the Court
of Saint James, I salute him and Jessica, and thank them for their
hospitality. I'm honored that the Governor of the State of Colorado,
Governor Romer is here today thank you, sir, for being with us.
And to all the Aspen alumni and all our distinguished guests: many,
many thanks for this warm welcome.
And, of course I've saved the piece de resistance to the
very end, our very special guest, our friend, the distinguished world
leader, Margaret Thatcher. (Applause.) It was very, very comforting
to me today when I went out to try represent you, the people of the
United States, in expressing our views on the current emergency, I
would say, in the Persian Gulf naked aggression by the State of
Iraq. I felt very comforted by the fact that as I spoke Prime
Minister was there with me answering the tougher questions and
standing shoulder-to-shoulder with the United States.
Madame Prime Minister, let me say that for more than a
decade now, America has known no better friend of freedom, anywhere
today. in the world than you. (Applause.) And it's an honor to join you
Kind of ironic, isn't it? Washington is getting more
like a three-ring circus -- and here I am -- (laughter) -- under the
big tent. (Laughter.) Of course, it's a special pleasure to
experience the splendor of Aspen in August. The climate in
Washington's tough this time of year. Lots of heat and temperatures
rising. Everyone's hot under the collar. The weather's fine, but
I'm talking about the budget summit. (Laughter.)
I am delighted to celebrate with all of you the 40th
anniversary of this most illustrious Aspen Institute.
In those 40 years, the spirit of Aspen has come to
signify the attempt to bridge the worlds of thought and action. And,
of course, to understand the tremendous changes taking place around
us. Think back to the headlines 40 years ago, the time of that first
Aspen conference in 1950. North Korea roared across the 38th
Parallel. Klaus Fuchs was caught and convicted for revealing the
secrets of the atom bomb to the Soviets. The Cold War -- a term
introduced into our political vocabulary by Bernard Baruch -- had
come into its own as the shorthand to describe the halfway house of
an armed and uneasy peace -- a world divided, East from West.
That was the world as Aspen came into being the world
Aspen sought to study, analyze and to shape.
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The 40 years since then have been a time of tremendous
progress -- for the nations of the West, an era of unparalleled
prosperity, peace and freedom. But at the same time, we lived in a
constant condition of tension, Cold War and, indeed, conflict.
That world is now changing. The decades-old division of
Europe is ending -- and the era of democracy -- democracy-building --
has begun. In Germany -- the divided nation in the heart of a
divided continent -- unity is now assured as a free and full member
of the NATO Alliance. The Soviet Union itself is in the midst of a
political and economic transformation that has brought unprecedented
openness -- a process that is at once full of hope, but let's face
it, still full of uncertainty.
We've entered a remarkable stage in our relationship with
the Soviet Union. Just today I talked to Jim Baker in Ulan Bator --
just left Irkutsk. And he had very positive talks with Foreign
Minister Shevardnadze. And my discussions with President Gorbachev
have been open and honest. All the issues are on the table; we don't
dodge the tough ones. That's been the secret to our success so far.
And over time, that's how we are going to narrow our differences and
seize this historic opportunity to create lasting peace. (Applause.)
The changes that I'm talking about have transformed our
security environment. We're entering a new era: the defense
strategy and military structure needed to ensure peace can -- and
must -- be different. The threat of a Soviet invasion of Western
Europe launched with little or no warning is today more remote than
at any other point in the postwar period. And with the emergence of
democracy in Eastern Europe, the Warsaw Pact has lost its military
meaning. And after more than four decades of dominance, Soviet
troops are withdrawing from Central and Eastern Europe.
Our task today is to shape our defense capabilities to
these changing strategic circumstances. In a world less driven by an
immediate threat to Europe and the danger of global war -- in a world
where the size of our forces will increasingly be shaped by the needs
of regional contingencies and peacetime presence -- we know that our
forces can be smaller. Secretary Cheney and General Powell are hard
at work determining the precise combination of forces that we need.
But I can tell you now, we calculate that by 1995 our security needs
can be met by an active force 25 percent smaller than today's.
America's 1950. Armed Forces will be at their lowest level since the year
What matters now then is how we reshape the forces --
the forces that remain. Our new strategy must provide the framework
to guide our deliberate reductions to no more than the forces we need
to guard our enduring interests -- the forces to exercise forward
presence in key areas, to respond effectively to crisis, to retain
the national capacity to rebuild our forces should this be needed.
The United States would be ill-served by forces that
represent nothing more than a scaled-back or a shrunken-down version
of the ones that we possess. Forces that we possess right now. If
we simply prorate our reductions -- cut equally across the board --
we could eacily end up with more than we need for contingencies that
are no longer likely, and less than we must have to meet emerging
restructuring. challenges. What we need are not merely reductions, but
to the significant changes we are witnessing, without neglecting the
And what we require now is a defense policy that adapts
A enduring realities that will continue to shape our security strategy.
to policy of peacetime engagement every bit as constant and committed
time the defense of our interests and ideals in today's world as in the
of conflict and Cold War.
And in this world, America remains a pivotal factor for
peaceful change. Important American interests in Europe and the
Pacific, in the Mediterranean and in the Persian Gulf, all are key
reasons why maintaining a forward presence will remain an
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indispensable element of our strategy.
We all remember when the Soviet Union viewed our
presence, that forward presence, as a threat. Indeed, when we met at
Malta, at the seasick summit -- (laughter) -- President Gorbachev
handed me a map -- I still have it, I still have it on display in my
library -- a map purporting to show American encirclement of the
Soviet Union. And we talked about this in depth. And I think he
understands now that we have no intention of threatening his country.
And I happen to think that it's those kinds of conversations,
frankly, that we had up there at Camp David that help make such
progress.
I was candid with him, and I told him that for all the
positive changes we have seen, the Soviet Union remains a world-class
military power. Even after the conventional arms reductions that
we're now negotiating, the Soviets will continue to maintain two to
three million men under arms. And, of course, our number one
concern: the Soviets continue to maintain and modernize their
arsenal of strategic weapons.
We and our allies welcome this new course, this clearly
new course that the Soviet Union has chosen. But prudence demands
that we maintain an effective deterrent -- one that secures the peace
not only in today's climate of reduced tensions, but that ensures
that renewed confrontation is not a feasible option for any Soviet
leadership.
The Soviets will enter a START treaty with a fully
modernized, highly capable and very large strategic force. To
maintain clear and confident strategic deterrence into the next
century, we need the B-2. Secretary Cheney has already scaled back
the program. Seventy-five aircraft makes strategic sense. Further
delays will only increase the costs. And we need to complete the
Trident program. Those 18 submarines will ensure a survivable,
submarine-based deterrent. And we can defer final decisions on our
land-based ICBMs -- as we see how the START talks proceed --but we
must keep our options open. And that means completing the
development of the small ICBM and the rail-based Peacekeeper.
And finally, I am convinced that a defensive -- and I
reemphasize that word -- a defensive strategic deterrent makes more
sense in the '90s than ever before. What better means of defense
than a system that destroys only missiles launched against us --
without threatening one single human life. We must push forward the
great promise of SDI and deploy it when ready.
And the United States will keep a force in Europe as
long as our allies want and need us there. Prime Minister Thatcher
and I have discussed this at length. We will keep forces there as
long as we are wanted and needed. As we and our allies adapt NATO to
a changing world, the size and shape of our forces is destined to
change, to suit new and less threatening circumstances. But we will
remain in Europe to deter any new dangers, to be a force for
stability and to reassure all of Europe -- East and West -- that the
European balance will remain secure.
Outside of Europe, America must possess forces able to
respond to threats in whatever corner of the globe they may occur.
Even in a world where democracy and freedom have made great gains,
threats remain. Terrorism. Hostage-taking. Renegade regimes and
unpredictable rulers. New sources of instability -- all require a
strong and engaged America.
The brutal aggression launched last night against Kuwait
illustrates my central thesis: notwithstanding the alteration in the
Soviet threat, the world remains a dangerous place with serious
threats to important U.S. interests wholly unrelated to the earlier
patterns of the U.S.-Soviet relationship. These threats, as we've
seen just in the last 24 hours, can arise suddenly, unpredictably,
and from unexpected quarters. U.S. interests can be protected only
with capability which is in existence, and which is ready to act
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without delay. The events of the past day underscore also the vital
need for a defense structure which not only preserves our security
but provides the resources for supporting the legitimate self-defense
needs of our friends and of our allies. This will be an enduring
commitment as we continue with our force restructuring. Let no one,
friend or foe, question this commitment.
In spite of our best efforts to control the spread of
chemical and nuclear weapons and ballistic missile technologies, more
nations more, not less -- are acquiring weapons of mass
asstruction -- and the means to deliver them. Right-now, 20
countries have the capacity to produce chemical weapons. And by the
year 2000, as many as 15 developing nations could have their own
ballistic missiles. In the future, even conflicts we once thought of
as limited or local may carry far-reaching consequences.
To cope with the full range of challenges that we may
have to confront we must focus on readiness and on rapid response.
And to prepare to meet the challenges we may face in the future, we
must R&D. focus on research -- an active and inventive program of defense
Let me begin with the component with great long-range
consequences -- research. Time and again, we have seen technology
revolutionize the battlefield. The U.S. has always relied upon its
technological edge to offset the need to match potential adversaries'
strength in numbers. Cruise missiles, Stealth fighters and bombers,
today's "smart" weapons with the state-of-the-art guidance systems,
and tomorrow's "brilliant" ones. The men and women in our Armed
Forces deserve the best technology America has to offer.
And we must realize the heavy price that we will pay if
we look for false economies in research and development for defense.
Most modern weapons systems take a minimum of 10 years to move from
the drawing board to the battlefield. The nature of national defense
demands that we plan now for threats on the distant horizon. The
decisions we make today -- the programs we push forward or push aside
-- will dictate the kind of military forces we have at our disposal
in the year 2000 and beyond.
Second, we must focus on rapid response. As we saw in
Panama, the U.S. may be called on to respond to a variety of
challenges from various points on the compass. In an era when
threats may emerge with little or no warning, our ability to defend
our interests will depend on our speed and our agility. And we will
need forces that give us a global reach. No amount of political
change will alter the geographic fact that we are separated from many
water. of our most important allies and interests by thousands of miles of
And in many of the conflicts we could face, we may not
have the luxury of matching manpower with pre-positioned material.
We'll have to have air and sea-lift capacities to get our forces
where they are needed, when they are needed. A new emphasis on
flexibilty and versatility must guide our efforts.
And finally, as we restructure, we must put a premium on
readiness. For those active forces we'll rely on to respond to
crises, readiness must be our highest priority. True military
capability never exists on paper -- it's measured in the hours spent,
experience gained, on the training ground, under sail, and in the
cockpit. Nothing is more short-sighted than cutting back on training
time to cut costs, and nothing, I might add, is more demoralizing to
our troops. Our soldiers, sailors, our airmen our Marines must be
well-trained, tried and tested -- ready to perform every mission we
ask of them.
In our restructured forces, reserves will be important,
but in new ways. The need to be prepared for massive, short-term
mobilization has diminished. And we can now adjust the size,
structure and readiness of our reserve forces to help us deal with
the more likely challenges we will face.
MORE
- 5 -
Our strategy will guard against a major reversal in
Soviet intentions by incorporating into our planning the concept of
reconstitution of our forces. By the mid-'90s, the time it would
take the Soviets to return to the levels of confrontation that marked
the depths of the Cold War, will be sufficient to allow us to rely
not solely on existing forces, but to generate wholly new forces.
The readiness to rebuild, made explicit in our defense policy, will
be an important element in our ability to deter aggression.
A rational restructuring of the kind that I've tried to
outline here will take five years. I am confident we can meet the
challenges that I've outlined today provided we proceed with an
orderly reduction -- not a fire sale. Any reduction of this
magnitude must be managed carefully to minimize dislocations -- not
just to the military balance, but in my view equally as important, to
the morale. And I can say right now as Commander-in-Chief that we
will take every step possible to minimize the turbulence of these
changes. The turbulence that will be created for our soldiers,
sailors, airmen and Marines. I simply will not break faith with the
young (Applause.) men and women who have freely chosen to serve their country.
And frankly, any parents who might be under this tent --
you talk to any one of the general officers, and they'll tell you
that we have the finest group of young people serving at any time in
the history of this country. They are absolutely superb.
(Applause.) And they are all volunteers, every single one of them.
All of us know the challenges we face are fiscal, as well
as military. The budget constraints we face are very real, but so,
too, is the need to protect the gains that 40 years of peace through
strength have earned us. The simple fact is this: When it comes to
national security, America can never afford to fail or fall short.
Let me say once again how very pleased I am to appear
here today especially with our honored friend, Margaret Thatcher.
Today, of course, is not the only time American and British leaders
have shared the stage. The world remembers that day 44 years ago in
Fulton, Missouri, when Churchill delivered what history calls now the
Iron Curtain speech. But that wasn't what he called it. He titled
it "The Sinews of Peace." And by that he meant to summon up a
vision, a vision of strength of free nations united in defense of
democracy.
At long last we are writing the final chapter of the
20th century's third great conflict. The Cold War is now drawing to
a close. And after four decades of division and discord, our
challenge today is to fulfill the great dream of all democracies: a
true commonwealth of free nations. (Applause.) To marshal the
growing forces of the Free World, to work together, to bring within
reach for all men and nations the liberty that belongs by right to
all. (Applause.)
Thank you very much for all you do to contribute to the
deliberations that, frankly, have helped lead to a more peaceful
world. It is a great honor for me to be here. And I might say with
some special pride, I brought with me one of the movers and shakers
of this institute, who I'm proud to have at my right hand every day.
I wished I hadn't seen him at 5:00 a.m. this morning. I'm talking
about Brent Scowcroft who's done such a great job for this
institution. (Applause.) Hiding in the trees over here. But now I
see firsthand what the people here at Aspen saw long ago, just how
decent and honorable he is, and how strong and knowledgeable. So I
would end by saluting him.
I'm sorry that the Silver Fox is not here. (Laughter.)
At this time of year we're heavily in the grandchild business, and we
have a sick dog. (Laughter.) So our priorities are such that she
asked me to send you her love and affection and to tell you she's
very sorry she's not here. And if I might say parenthetically, I'm
proud of Brent, but I'm even prouder of Barbara Bush. (Applause).
MORE
+
- 6 -
And I would also say -- we were faced with a lot of
problems, budget problems, problems with Iraq and Kuwait, problems of
restructuring the best defense force in the entire world -- but I
can't think of a more exciting time in the history of the United
States to be your President. And I'm grateful. Thank you very, very
much. And God bless you. (Applause.)
END
4:04 P.M. MDT
154
CLAOSICLA STREWSTAL 2'AOTHEEMA DMIDWAYOA СИА YTTHE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991
SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND RESERVE MILITARY
PERSONNEL AND FORCES
1989
1990
1991
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Military Personnel (in thousands):
Active
2,130
2,076
2,039
Army
770
744
728
Navy
593
591
585
Air Force
571
545
530
Marine Corps
197
197
197
Guard and Reserve
1,171
1,155
1,152
Army
776
757
757
Navy
152
153
150
Air Force
199
201
202
Marine Corps
44
44
44
Strategic Forces:
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles:
Peacekeeper
50
50
50
Minuteman
950
950
950
Poseidon-Trident
576
608
656
Strategic Bomber Squadrons
21
19
19
General Purpose Forces:
Land Forces (Active/Reserve):
Army Divisions
18/10
18/10
16/10
Marine Divisions
3/1
3/1
3/1
Naval Forces (Total):
Total Naval Vessels
566
551
546
Aircraft Carriers
14
14
14
Battleships
4
4
2
Nuclear Attack Submarines
96
91
86
Amphibious Assault Ships
65
64
66
Sealift Fleet
69
68
66
Air Forces (Active/Reserve):
Air Force Fighter Wings (Equiv.)
25/12
24/12
24/12
Navy Attack Wings
13/2
13/2
13/2
Marine Corps Wings
3/1
3/1
3/1
Air Force B-52 Squadrons
3/0
2/0
2/0
Strategic Airlift Squadrons
20/5
20/5
20/5
OPERATIONS
billion. Pending the outcome of current con-
ventional arms negotiations, deployment of
Military Personnel
forces in Europe will not change in 1991. At
Active duty end-strength will decline by the
the same time, to continue to assure force
end of 1991 to a level of 2,038,800-37,605
quality, readiness and training, the budget pro-
below the estimated 1990 level, 91,429 less
vides for a 3.5 percent pay raise, improved ben-
than the actual 1989 level, and 81,300 less
efits, enlistment and re-enlistment bonuses,
than previously planned with savings of $1.7
III.I. PRESERVING NATIONAL SECURITY AND ADVANCING AMERICA'S INTERESTS ABROAD
157
storage for all defense nuclear wastes and sup-
DEFENSE RELATED ACTIVITIES
ports research and development on the prob-
lems of isolating and permanently storing
Defense related activities include civil de-
these wastes.
fense and emergency preparedness activities of
the Federal Emergency Management Agency,
The budget requests for these purposes are:
the efforts of the Selective Service System, and
budget authority of $11.0 billion and outlays of
the Maritime Administration's Ready Reserve
$10.4 billion, compared to $9.7 billion and $8.9
Force which provides for a standby fleet that
billion, respectively, for 1990. The budget pro-
can be activated in wartime. The budget re-
vides for design of two new production reactors
quests $760 million in budget authority and
and modernization of existing facilities. The
$705 million in outlays for these purposes, as
budget requests $2.4 billion, an increase of
compared with $609 million and $648 million,
$429 million over 1990, to implement the first
respectively, in 1990.
year of a 5-year plan for environmental resto-
ration and waste management at defense fa-
5-YEAR PROJECTIONS
cilities. Included are activities to bring existing
facilities into compliance with all Federal and
The following table shows estimates of
State environmental, safety, and health re-
budget authority and outlays for each of the
quirements and to clean up contamination
major elements of the national defense func-
from prior activities.
tion.
BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND PROGRAM
(In billions of dollars)
1989
Estimate
Projection
Actual
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
050 National Defense:
051 Department of Defense-Military:
Military personnel
78.5
78.5
79.1
80.5
81.8
82.8
83.9
Operations and maintenance
86.2
86.8
90.1
91.7
93.2
94.4
95.6
Procurement
79.4
82.6
77.9
78.9
79.8
80.7
81.5
Research, development, test and evaluation
37.5
36.8
38.0
38.6
39.2
39.7
40.1
Military construction
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.9
Family housing
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
Revolving funds and other
0.9
-0.7
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
Offsetting receipts
-0.7
-1.1
-0.9
-1.0
-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
Allowances
-
I
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
Subtotal, DOD-Military
290.8
291.4
295.1
300.0
304.4
308.0
311.8
053 Atomic energy defense activities
8.1
9.7
11.0
11.8
12.3
12.7
13.1
054 Defense-related activities
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
Total budget authority
299.6
301.6
306.9
312.5
317.5
321.6
325.7
cet
to
Chever
III.I. PRESERVING NATIONAL SECURITY AND ADVANCING AMERICA'S INTERESTS ABROAD
155
special pay for critical skills, and continuation
Special Operations Forces
of current training levels.
These forces will include more than 41,000
Strategic Forces
military personnel by the end of 1991. Units
include Army ranger and special forces battal-
Deployed forces will continue to include the
ions; Navy sea, air, land (SEAL) teams; and
Triad of land, air and sea based systems, as
Air Force special operations wings. Through
well as air defense interceptors. Land based
1991, Army special forces battalions will in-
missiles and strategic submarines will contin-
crease from 13 to 15, and Air Force special
ue at the 1990 levels of 1,000 Minuteman and
operations units will gain 7 additional aircraft.
Peacekeeper missiles and 35 Poseidon and Tri-
dent submarines with over 600 missiles. The
INVESTMENT
bomber force will, however, decrease by 19 air-
craft, as older B-52's are phased out.
Strategic Systems
General Purpose Forces
To modernize all three components of the
strategic Triad, procurement for 1991 includes
The budget proposes reductions to planned
the eighteenth Trident submarine and 52 Tri-
levels of ship maintenance and depot mainte-
dent II missiles, 12 Peacekeeper missiles for
nance reflecting congressional action and
operational testing and special railroad trains
changes in schedule. Savings are $2.3 billion.
to provide mobility for Peacekeeper missiles,
Several force structure adjustments are also
five B-2 stealth bombers, and 100 advanced
proposed.
cruise missiles. The budget requests funds for
continued development of the small interconti-
Land Forces at the end of 1991 will in-
nental ballistic missile. It also requests an in-
clude 19 active and 11 reserve Army and
crease for the Strategic Defense Initiative to a
Marine divisions (plus 7 reserve brigades
level of $4.5 billion. This is $0.9 billion more
and 5 reserve battalions to "roundout"
than in 1990 but $1.0 billion less than previ-
active divisions). This reflects a reduction
ously planned.
of two active divisions from force levels at
the end of 1990.
Conventional Systems
Naval Forces at the end of 1991 will in-
To maintain well-equipped forces, the budget
clude 14 aircraft carrier battle groups and
provides for procurement in 1991 of 225, M-1
15 tactical airwings (the same as in 1990),
Abrams tanks, 600 Bradley Fighting Vehicles,
but two of the four U.S. battleships will be
72 Blackhawk utility helicopters, 14 new ships
deactivated and the number of nuclear
(including 2 SSN-21 attack submarines and 5
attack submarines will decrease by five in
Aegis guided missile destroyers), 186 Air Force
1991. The total number of Naval vessels
fighters (including 150 F-16's and a final pro-
will decline from 551 in 1990 to 546 in
curement of 36 F-15s), and six C-17 transport
1991. Sealift forces will, however, remain
aircraft.
at about 1990 levels.
Development will continue on the Army's
Air Forces at the end of 1991 will include
experimental light helicopter (LHX) and im-
24 active and 12 reserve Air Force fighter
proved ground force systems, the Advanced
wing equivalents (nearly 4,000 fighter and
Air-to-Air Missile System replacing the Phoe-
attack aircraft), 2 squadrons of B-52's
nix missile, P-7 i-submarine warfare air-
dedicated to the delivery of conventional
craft, and next generation tactical aircraft (the
weapons (35 aircraft), and 25 strategic air-
Advanced Tactical Fighter and the Advanced
lift squadrons (nearly 400 C-5 and C-141
Tactical Aircraft).
aircraft) to provide intercontinental airlift.
Fifteen systems will be terminated with as-
While airlift forces will remain: at current
sociated savings of $3 billion. Examples of ter-
levels, one Air Force fighter wing equiva-
minations include the Apache (AH-64) helicop-
lent and one: conventional B-52 squadron
ter, the Chaparral and Maverick missiles, the
will be deactivated in 1990
Sea Lance torpedo delivery system, the Air
156
GAGRGA
З'АОНЯТМА
OMDRAVGA
CMA
?THE
BUDGET
FOR
FISCAL YEAR
1991
Force Airbone Self Protection Jammer and
Realignment Act approved by Congress in
the MK-19 Grenade Launcher. Production of
1989. An amount of $500 million was provided
the M-1 tank will end following 1991 procure-
in the 1990 budget. These funds will provide
ment
for the construction of facilities and other one.
time implementation costs at military bases, to
In addition, several 1990 programs are pro-
accommodate the transfer of activities from
posed for deferral to finance the 1991 M-1
bases that will be closed or realigned.
tank program and to partially fund the F-15E
aircraft program. Proposed deferrals amount
DRUG INTERDICTION
to $1.4 billion and include fast sealift ships, the
MH-60G helicopter, and a 155mm Artillery
The budget requests $1.2 billion for an ag-
Projectile.
gressive Defense counternarcotics program,
Reductions totalling about $5 billion are also
$0.3 billion more than in 1990. The Depart-
proposed in several programs to reflect con-
ment will continue its highly successful
gressional action in 1990, delays in program
demand reduction program for military per-
execution, and changes in schedules. Programs
sonnel; expand National Guard assistance to
affected include the C-17 transport aircraft,
national counternarcotics efforts; fund efforts
the Advanced Tactical Fighter, aircraft modifi-
to integrate the counternarcotics command,
cation programs, the T-45 Training System,
control, communications and intelligence net-
the F-15E aircraft, and communications and
work of law enforcement agencies; expand ef-
electronics programs.
forts to detect and monitor airborne and mari-
time drug smugglers; provide additional sup-
Research and Technology
port to law enforcement agencies (including
new efforts begun in 1990 along the southwest
The budget requests $38.0 billion in budget
border); and continue support of the Presi-
authority and $37.0 billion in outlays for re-
dent's Andean initiative (especially in Colom-
search, development, testing and evaluation-
bia).
$1.2 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, more
than 1990 levels. The request includes $3.4 bil-
lion to develop technology options for future
INTELLIGENCE
U.S. weapon systems and to guard against
Virtually all funding for the National For-
technological surprise by adversaries.
eign Intelligence Program is included in the
Funded projects with high potential for in-
Defense budget, although the exact level is
creased military capability include research on
classified. The budget provides for obtaining
high-speed semiconductors (for use in advanced
information on potential threats, improving ca-
communications systems and computers); R&D
pabilities to counter hostile intelligence serv-
by an industry consortium (SEMATECH) on
ices, monitoring prospective arms reduction
new methods of producing semiconductors;
treaties, detecting changes in foreign military
design, in collaboration with NASA, of the Na-
technologies, increasing intelligence support
tional Aerospace Plane, which could revolu-
for the war on drugs, research on advanced
tionize access to the lower boundaries of space;
technologies, and covert action operations in
and research on other launch-vehicle technol-
support of national security objectives in ac-
ogies that could dramatically lower the cost of
cordance with law.
putting hardware into space. The budget also
provides for research on light-weight materials
ATOMIC ENERGY DEFENSE ACTIVITIES
with high strength, on significantly increased
fuel efficiency in aircraft engines, and on robo-
These activities, conducted by the Depart-
tic systems capable of operating in dangerous
ment of Energy, include research, develop-
environments.
ment, testing and production of nuclear weap-
ons; production of special nuclear materials;
BASE CLOSURES
storage and clean-up of nuclear wastes from
defense programs; and design of reactors for
The budget requests $916 million for contin-
nuclear-powered Navy vessels. The nuclear
ued implementation of the Base Closure and
waste management program provides interim
152
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991
that regional stability and democratic interests
and international affairs programs, there are
are far from secure.
reasons for caution. Soviet military capability
Democracy and the private marketplace are
will remain formidable, even after announced
growing stronger throughout the world. Argen
reductions. The strength of the NATO alliance
tina, Brazil and Chile, as well as the Philip-
must be maintained; SO must America's ability
pines and Panama, have replaced dictatorships
to respond to any significant reversal in Soviet
with democracies. A wide variety of countries
policy. In addition, threats to U.S. national se-
have moved away from socialism. It is particu-
curity outside Europe remain and may be in-
larly encouraging that the weaknesses of cen-
creasing: There are dangers in regional con-
flicts, particularly in the Middle East and Cen-
trally directed economies in Africa and Asia
tral America, and in increased proliferation of
are being recognized by those countries. There
is less talk of a non-market oriented "New
sophisticated weapons, including nuclear weap-
ons, in developing countries: There are also
Economic Order" in the United Nations At
dangers in state-sponsored terrorism; in nar-
the same time, democracy in many developing
cotics, trafficking; in poverty, disease and the
countries remains fragile and debt servicing
plight of refugees; and in environmental
burdens continue to impede growth. Structural
damage.
impediments to imports and investments con-
tinue to pose problems.
Defense and international affairs programs
must take advantage of the opportunities pro-
Although these changes suggest new oppor-
vided by recent changes. They must also ad-
tunities and adjustments in the U.S. defense
dress; realistically the problems that remain.
NATIONAL DEFENSE
A strong defense preserves the peace.
appropriate to the varied demands of likely
Indeed, the restoration in the past decade of
contingencies.
the military strength of the United States has
helped preserve the peace, create more con-
The assurance of future capabilities requires
structive relations with adversaries, and make
investments in R&D and modernization; sub-
mutual arms reductions a serious possibility.
stantial reserve forces; and maintenance of the
As a result, savings in the Defense budget are
quality, morale and training of military per-
now possible.
sonnel. This will allow the United States to
hedge against an uncertain future; it will also
The national security objectives of the
permit the reversal of Defense reductions if
United States remain unchanged. The U.S.
that should prove necessary. In addition, the
must be able not only to deter aggression and
Administration will work with the Congress to
protect American citizens, but also to repel or
make U.S. security assistance programs more
defeat military attack. It must be able to take
effective in building up the capabilities of
on new challenges such as reducing the flow of
American allies and friends to meet changing
illegal drugs into the United States. It is also
circumstances. (See International Affairs
in the U.S. interest to pursue verifiable strate-
below.)
gic and conventional arms reduction agree-
ments with the Soviets and to prevent the
The budget request for National Defense is
transfer of militarily critical technologies to
significantly less ($14.3 billion in budget au-
potential adversaries.
thority and $5.5 billion in outlays) than the
amounts included in the President's February
While U.S. forces must continue to deter the
1989 budget. Planning levels for the future
Soviets, they must also have increased utility
now assume only slight nominal increases, less
for dealing with other conflicts. Over the
than would be required to offset projected in-
longer term, the active armed forces of the
flation. Compared to the February 1989
United States will probably be smaller and
budget, savings in the 1991-1993 period are
more global in perspective. They will need a
$63.6 billion in budget authority and $29.7 bil-
degree of agility, readiness and sustainability
lion in outlays. These savings will be achieved
KARL Fackson 6173 Xtn
THE U.S. AND INDOCHINA:
HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS, NATIONAL INTERESTS
ROBERT M. KIMMITT
UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS
SPEECH TO
THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF FAMILIES OF AMERICAN PRISONERS
AND MISSING IN ACTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
FRIDAY, JULY 13, 1990
J. W. MARRIOTT HOTEL, GRAND BALL ROOM
1331 PENNSYLVANIAN AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
INTRODUCTION
THANK YOU FOR THAT VERY KIND INTRODUCTION. I AM HONORED TO
BE HERE TO DISCUSS OUR POLICIES TOWARD THE NATIONS OF INDOCHINA
AND OUR EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE THE FULLEST POSSIBLE ACCOUNTING FOR
AMERICANS MISSING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.
LET ME BEGIN BY SAYING THAT THE LEAGUE OF FAMILIES' ADVICE,
SUPPORT, AND CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM HAVE BEEN A TREMENDOUS HELP
TO THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION AS WE WORK TO RESOLVE THIS
HIGH-PRIORITY ISSUE, WE OWE A DEBT OF GRATITUDE TO THE LEAGUE
FOR ITS RESOLVE, DEDICATION, AND PERSISTENCE IN KEEPING THE
POW/MIA ISSUE FRONT AND CENTER ON OUR NATIONAL AGENDA AND IN
THE PUBLIC EYE.
As ONE WHO FOUGHT AND WAS WOUNDED IN VIETNAM, AND WHO HAD
TWO WEST POINT CLASSMATES CAPTURED THERE, I FEEL A DEEP EMPATHY
WITH THE FAMILIES STALKED BY THE TERRIBLE, GNAWING UNCERTAINTY
ABOUT THE FATE OF THEIR HUSBANDS, SONS, FATHERS, AND BROTHERS
WHO FOUGHT IN THAT WAR.
I WANT TO ASSURE YOU THAT WE WILL NOT WAVER IN OUR
COMMITMENT TO RESOLVE THE FATE OF AMERICANS WHO FOUGHT IN
-2-
SOUTHEAST ASIA AND REMAIN UNACCOUNTED FOR. WE WILL CONTINUE TO
DO ALL WE CAN TO RECOVER THE REMAINS OF OUR MISSING MEN AND TO
SEARCH OUT THE TRUTH CONCERNING THE POSSIBILITY THAT SOME OF
OUR MEN MIGHT STILL BE CAPTIVE.
TO BE SURE, THE UNRESOLVED POW/MIA ISSUE PREVENTS US FROM
WRITING THE FINAL CHAPTER ON THE VIETNAM WAR PERIOD. THE POW/MIA
ISSUE IS A TOP PRIORITY HUMANITARIAN CONCERN THAT STANDS ALONE,
AND THAT WE AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE ABOVE AND APART FROM POLITICAL
CONSIDERATIONS. PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS AN HUMANITARIAN CONCERN,
WE HAVE SOUGHT --- TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE - TO AVOID HAVING THIS
ISSUE HELD HOSTAGE TO THE TENSIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES OF OUR
POLITICAL RELATIONS WITH HANOI, VIENTIANE, AND PHNOM PENH.
BEFORE GIVING YOU A GUIDED TOUR OF OUR POLICIES TOWARD THE
REGION, LET ME PROVIDE A BRIEF PROGRESS REPORT ON OUR EFFORTS ON
THE POW/MIA ISSUE, WHICH I WILL DISCUSS IN MORE DETAIL LATER.
GENERALLY SPEAKING, WE HAVE BEEN MAKING ONGOING, THOUGH NOT
SPECTACULAR, PROGRESS TOWARD ATTAINING THE FULLEST POSSIBLE
ACCOUNTING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. WITH REGARD TO VIETNAM, THE LEVEL
OF ACTIVITY HAS INCREASED OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS, THOUGH THE
RESULTS ARE MUCH TOO SLOW IN COMING. THE DEGREE AND SCOPE OF
COOPERATION WITH LAOS HAVE INCREASED, WITH AGREEMENTS REACHED IN
1989, AND EXPANDED EARLIER THIS YEAR. AND IN CAMBODIA, WE NOW
HAVE A POSSIBILITY THAT THE REGIME IN PHNOM PENH MAY COOPERATE
WITH US ON THE POW/MIA ISSUE.
-3-
VIETNAM POLICY
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUR EFFORTS TO OBTAIN THE
FULLEST ACCOUNTING OF THOSE MISSING IN INDOCHINA AND OUR POLICIES
TOWARD VIETNAM, LAOS, AND CAMBODIA? As ONE WHO IS NOW VERY MUCH
INVOLVED IN PURSUING OUR POLICIES TOWARD THOSE COUNTRIES, I CAN
TELL YOU THAT WE DO NOT DWELL ON THE PAST OR HARBOR VINDICTIVENESS
IN OUR APPROACH TO VIETNAM AND ITS NEIGHBORS.
As MOST OF YOU KNOW, OUR POLICY TOWARD VIETNAM IS LINKED TO
HANOI'S BEHAVIOR IN REGARD TO CAMBODIA. WE HAVE REPEATEDLY TOLD
HANOI THAT WE LOOK FORWARD TO NORMALIZING RELATIONS WITH VIETNAM
IN THE CONTEXT OF AN ACCEPTABLE POLITICAL SETTLEMENT TO THE
CAMBODIAN CONFLICT. AND WE MEAN IT: WE HAVE NO PHILOSOPHICAL
OBJECTIONS TO THE NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS WITH VIETNAM. BUT,
WE HAVE ALSO MADE IT CRYSTAL CLEAR TO HANOI THAT AS A PRACTICAL
MATTER, THE PACE AND SCOPE OF NORMALIZATION WILL BE DIRECTLY
AFFECTED BY THE SERIOUSNESS OF THEIR COOPERATION WITH US ON
POW/MIA AND OTHER HUMANITARIAN ISSUES.
IN OUR VIEW, A JUST AND DURABLE SETTLEMENT IN CAMBODIA WOULD
ENHANCE OVERALL POLITICAL STABILITY AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY FOR
ALL OF SOUTHEAST ASIA - AN AREA OF GROWING IMPORTANCE FOR U.S.
INTERESTS. A CAMBODIAN SETTLEMENT WOULD PAVE THE WAY FOR THE
EVENTUAL INTEGRATION OF THE INDOCHINESE STATES INTO THIS DYNAMIC
-4-
REGION. IT WOULD ALSO REDUCE VIETNAM'S DEPENDENCE ON THE SOVIET
UNION AND CAMBODIA'S DEPENDENCE ON BOTH HANOI AND MOSCOW. so, WE
VIEW A RESOLUTION OF THE CAMBODIA CONFLICT AS THE KEY TO UNLOCKING
THE DOOR TO INDOCHINA'S FUTURE.
I THINK WE SHOULD ALSO VIEW VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
DEMOCRATIC TRANSFORMATION UNDERWAY NOT ONLY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN
EUROPE, BUT IN COUNTRIES AS DISPARATE AS NAMIBIA, NEPAL, AND
NICARAGUA. IN LIGHT OF THOSE DEVELOPMENTS, I WOULD HAZARD TO
GUESS THAT MORE OF AN OPEN DOOR TO THE WEST WOULD LIKELY
ACCELERATE ECONOMIC REFORMS ALSO UNDERWAY IN VIETNAM AND MAKE
POLITICAL REFORM -- WHICH HANOI HAS SOUGHT TO AVOID -- ALL THE
MORE LIKELY.
CAMBODIA POLICY
WE FACE AN EXCEPTIONALLY COMPLEX CONFLICT IN CAMBODIA. IN
FACT, THERE HAVE BEEN THREE OVERLAPPING ANTAGONISMS IN CAMBODIA:
SINO-SOVIET, SINO-VIETNAMESE, AND VIETNAMESE-KHMER. AS MOSCOW AND
BEIJING HAVE NORMALIZED RELATIONS, THE SINO-SOVIET ELEMENT HAS
BECOME LESS OF A FACTOR. BUT THE CENTURIES OLD SINO-VIETNAMESE
RIVALRY AND THE DEEPLY-ROOTED HISTORICAL ENMITY BETWEEN KHMER AND
VIETNAMESE REMAIN,
U.S. NATIONAL INTERESTS IN CAMBODIA ARE LIMITED, AS IS OUR
-5-
ABILITY TO INFLUENCE EVENTS. BUT WE DO HAVE AN IMPORTANT STAKE IN
RESOLVING THE THIRD INDOCHINA CONFLICT. OUR PRIMARY GEOPOLITICAL
CONCERN IS THE SECURITY OF THAILAND AND THE STABILITY OF ASEAN,
THE GROUPING OF FRIENDLY COUNTRIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA WITH WHOM WE
HAVE CONSULTED CLOSELY ON THE CAMBODIA ISSUE. U.S. POLICIES SINCE
1975 HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN ATTAINING OUR PRIMARY GOALS. OUR
FRIENDS HAVE BECOME STRONGER, MORE PROSPEROUS AND DEMOCRATIC,
THEREBY REDUCING THE DIRECT THREAT THAT SEEMED TO LOOM so LARGE IN
THE IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH OF 1975.
THERE IS A MORAL IMPERATIVE AS WELL. AFTER YEARS OF BRUTAL,
GENOCIDAL RULE BY THE KHMER ROUGE, A DECADE OF OCCUPATION BY
VIETNAM, AND CONTINUING CONFLICT AMONG THE CONTENDING CAMBODIAN
FACTORS, THE LONG SUFFERING CAMBODIAN PEOPLE DESERVE PEACE.
CAMBODIA IS A CHALLENGE NOT JUST TO THE U.S., BUT TO THE
CONSCIENCE OF THE ENTIRE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.
WITH THESE CONSIDERATIONS IN MIND, U.S. ADMINISTRATIONS OVER
THE PAST TWELVE YEARS, DEMOCRAT AND REPUBLICAN, HAVE BEEN
COMMITTED TO THREE CENTRAL OBJECTIVES:
-- PREVENTION OF A RETURN TO POWER BY THE KHMER ROUGE;
- A VERIFIED WITHDRAWAL OF VIETNAMESE TROOPS;
-- SELF-DETERMINATION FOR THE CAMBODIAN PEOPLE.
-6-
WE FEEL A SPECIAL URGENCY TO END THE BLOODSHED IN CAMBODIA,
MOVE THE CONFLICT OFF THE BATTLEFIELD AND CREATE A NEUTRAL
POLITICAL PROCESS LEADING TO FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS UNDER UN
SUPERVISION. THE REALIZATION OF SUCH A SCENARIO WOULD PROVIDE
THAT TROUBLED COUNTRY WITH ITS FIRST LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT IN
ALMOST TWO DECADES. As HANOI BEGAN TO WITHDRAW ITS COMBAT TROOPS
LAST YEAR, DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS TO RESOLVE THE CONFLICT ACCELERATED.
LAST AUGUST, THE U.S. AGREED TO PARTICIPATE IN A PARIS PEACE
CONFERENCE; SECRETARY BAKER LED OUR DELEGATION. IT WAS OUR HOPE
THAT THE MEETING WOULD RESULT IN THE SORT OF COMPREHENSIVE
SETTLEMENT WE BELIEVE WOULD BEST ATTAIN OUR OBJECTIVES.
UNFORTUNATELY, THE PARIS CONFERENCE DID NOT ACHIEVE ANY DRAMATIC
BREAKTHROUGHS, THOUGH IT DID MAKE IMPORTANT PROGRESS ON MANY
ASPECTS OF A SETTLEMENT.
WHERE THE CONFERENCE FOUNDERED, HOWEVER, WAS ON THE VEXING
CENTRAL ISSUE: A POWER-SHARING FORMULA AMONG THE CAMBODIAN
FACTIONS TO GOVERN CAMBODIA IN THE INTERIM UNTIL UN SUPERVISED
ELECTIONS CAN BE HELD. THIS ISSUE CONTINUES TO BE A KEY OBSTACLE
TO A SETTLEMENT. AND WE HAVE BEEN DISAPPOINTED AT THE LACK OF
FLEXIBILITY ON THIS ISSUE ON THE PART OF THE HUN SEN REGIME IN
PHNOM PENH AND ITS PATRONS IN HANOI.
AFTER THE PARIS CONFERENCE, AT SECRETARY BAKER'S SUGGESTION,
-7-
THE FIVE PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL -- THE U.S.,
USSR, CHINA, FRANCE AND THE U.K. --- BEGAN MEETING TO TRY TO CRAFT
AN EQUITABLE FRAMEWORK FOR A SETTLEMENT THAT COULD BE RECOMMENDED
TO THE CAMBODIAN GROUPS. THIS EFFORT CONTINUES --- ASSISTANT
SECRETARY SOLOMON WILL BE IN PARIS NEXT WEEK FOR THE NEXT PERM
FIVE MEETING. IN ADDITION, THERE HAVE BEEN PARALLEL EFFORTS IN
THE REGION AIMED AT MOVING THE PROCESS FORWARD.
WE HAVE NOW ACHIEVED A BROAD CONSENSUS THAT AN ENHANCED ROLE
FOR THE UNITED NATIONS OFFERS THE BEST CHANCE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE
SETTLEMENT. A NEUTRAL, CARETAKER ADMINISTRATION OVERSEEN BY THE
UN COULD PROVIDE THE WAY AROUND THE DIFFICULT QUESTION OF HOW THE
CAMBODIAN PARTIES WOULD SHARE POWER IN THE INTERIM PERIOD. THE UN
WOULD ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENSURING THAT NO PARTY WOULD BE
ADVANTAGED OR DISADVANTAGED IN THE RUN UP TO ELECTIONS. AND THIS
WOULD LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD.
AS WE PURSUE THIS FORMULA FOR A SETTLEMENT, I WANT TO BE CLEAR
ON ONE CRUCIAL POINT ABOUT U.S. POLICY: THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION
IS UNALTERABLY OPPOSED TO A RETURN TO POWER OF THE MURDEROUS KHMER
ROUGE. OUR EFFORTS AT FASHIONING A SETTLEMENT ARE AIMED AT
CREATING A STRUCTURE OF PEACE THAT CONTAINS EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO
PREVENT THE KHMER ROUGE FROM RETURNING TO DOMINANCE.
WE HAVE HEARD MANY CRITICISMS OF OUR POLICY, BUT FEW PRACTICAL
SUGGESTIONS OF ANY APPROACH THAT OFFERS A BETTER HOPE OF ATTAINING
-8-
THE OVERRIDING OBJECTIVE BOTH WE AND OUR CRITICS SHARE:
PREVENTING A RETURN TO POWER OF POL POT AND HIS ASSOCIATES. WHILE
IRONING OUT THE MANY DETAILS OF A SETTLEMENT LOOMS AHEAD, WE
CONTINUE TO PURSUE OUR EFFORTS TO MOVE THE CONFLICT FROM THE
MILITARY SPHERE TO A POLITICAL ONE.
THERE ARE SOME HOPEFUL SIGNS IN REGARD TO THE POW/MIA ISSUE IN
CAMBODIA. AS A RESULT OF THE CONSCIENTIOUS EFFORTS OF SENATOR
CHARLES ROBB, AND YOUR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, ANN MILLS GRIFFITHS,
THE PHNOM PENH REGIME HAS INDICATED THAT IT WOULD BE WILLING TO
RETURN THE REMAINS OF AMERICANS MISSING IN ACTION IN CAMBODIA.
THAT REGIME HAS AGREED TO ALLOW U.S. FORENSIC EXPERTS TO EXAMINE
REMAINS, AND WE ARE NOW PREPARING TO SEND TECHNICAL EXPERTS TO
PHNOM PENH ON JULY 24.
LET ME STRESS THAT IN LINE WITH OUR LONG-STANDING POLICY, WE
ARE FULLY PREPARED TO COOPERATE WITH PHNOM PENH IN RESOLVING THE
MIA ISSUE IN CAMBODIA AS A SEPARATE HUMANITARIAN MATTER DESPITE
OUR POLITICAL DIFFERENCES WITH THAT REGIME.
POW/MIA
LET ME RETURN TO THE POW/MIA ISSUE.
VIETNAM, OF COURSE, IS THE PRIMARY FOCUS OF OUR EFFORTS: MOST
-9-
OF THE 2302 AMERICANS STILL MISSING AND UNACCOUNTED FOR IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA WERE LOST IN VIETNAM; OVER 80% OF THE 535
INDIVIDUALS UNACCOUNTED FOR IN THE TERRITORY OF LAOS WERE LOST IN
AREAS CONTROLLED BY VIETNAM DURING THE WAR; A SIMILAR PERCENTAGE
OF THE MISSING IN CAMBODIA WAS ALSO LOST IN AREAS CONTROLLED BY
THE VIETNAMESE DURING THE WAR.
AS MOST OF YOU KNOW, THE PRESIDENT'S SPECIAL EMISSARY, GENERAL
JACK VESSEY, HAS LED TWO MISSIONS TO HANOI, THE LAST IN OCTOBER
1989. AS A RESULT, HANOI AGREED TO A NUMBER OF IMPORTANT MEASURES
WHICH, IF IMPLEMENTED FULLY, WILL GREATLY ENHANCE OUR ABILITY TO
ACHIEVE THE FULLEST POSSIBLE ACCOUNTING. THESE INCLUDE:
-- INCREASED EFFORTS TO INVESTIGATE UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCY
CASES;
-- AGREEMENT TO REINVESTIGATE UNRESOLVED CASES FROM THE FIRST
TRANCHE OF 70 SUCH COMPELLING CASES, WHICH HAVE BEEN AN
INITIAL PRIORITY FOR OUR JOINT EFFORTS OVER THE PAST TWO
YEARS;
-- COMMITMENT TO RESEARCH RELEVANT RECORDS AND ATTEMPT TO
PROVIDE WITNESSES NECESSARY TO CASE RESOLUTION;
-- AND AGREEMENT TO COOPERATE IN RESOLVING CASES WHICH
OCCURRED IN LAO TERRITORY DURING THE WAR.
-10-
IN OUR VIEW, HANOI HAS INFORMATION THAT COULD HELP RESOLVE THE
FATE OF A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF MISSING AMERICANS. THIS FACT, AND
THE HIGH PRIORITY WE ATTACH TO THIS ISSUE, MOTIVATE US TO REMAIN
ENGAGED WITH VIETNAM. HOWEVER, IN ALL CANDOR, I MUST SAY THAT
PAST PERIODS OF INCREASED COOPERATION HAVE BEEN INFLUENCED BY
POLITICAL EVENTS. WE HOPE THE SLOWED PACE OF RESULTS IN RECENT
MONTHS IS NOT LINKED TO POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON HANOI'S PART.
I SHOULD ADD THAT AS WE HAVE ASKED HANOI TO BE ATTENTIVE TO
OUR HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS, so TO ARE WE TRYING TO FACILITATE
PRIVATE EFFORTS TO ADDRESS VIETNAM'S CONCERNS. AMERICAN
NON-GOVERNMENTAL GROUPS HAVE MARKEDLY INCREASED THEIR INVOLVEMENT
IN VIETNAM OVER THE PAST YEAR OR SO. WE SENT A DELEGATION IN MAY
TO VIETNAM TO PROVIDE A LONG LIST OF AMERICAN NGO ACTIVITIES FOR
WHICH HANOI EXPRESSED APPRECIATION.
LAOS
FINALLY, LET ME END ON A POSITIVE NOTE BY SAYING A FEW WORDS
ABOUT LAOS. LAOS IS THE ONE STATE IN INDOCHINA WITH WHICH WE HAVE
MAINTAINED DIPLOMATIC TIES. THIS REFLECTS IN PART OUR EFFORT TO
DEAL WITH THE THREE COUNTRIES OF INDOCHINA AS INDEPENDENT STATES
--- WHICH THEIR PEOPLES DESIRE. IT ALSO IS AN EXPRESSION OF OUR
WILLINGNESS TO WORK COOPERATIVELY WITH GOVERNMENTS THAT ARE
-11-
PREPARED TO COOPERATE WITH US IN A STRAIGHTFORWARD MANNER. WE
HAVE BEEN PLEASED TO OBSERVE THAT OVER THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS,
LAOS HAS EMBARKED ON A COURSE OF MARKET-ORIENTED REFORMS, IMPROVED
COOPERATION WITH ITS NEIGHBOR THAILAND, AND DISPLAYED A GENERAL
DESIRE FOR GREATER INTERACTION WITH THE WEST.
THE PAST YEAR HAS BEEN MARKED BY INCREASED PROGRESS ON POW/MIA
COOPERATION IN LAOS. WE CONDUCTED A SERIES OF 19 JOINT SURVEYS
AND JOINT ACTIVITY -- INCLUDING THE EXCAVATION OF SIX AIRCRAFT
CRASH SITES. AS A RESULT OF OUR DISCUSSIONS WITH THE LAO AND A
HELPFUL VISIT TO LAOS BY CONGRESSMAN CHARLES RANGEL, THE LAO
AGREED IN FEBRUARY TO EXPAND COOPERATION STILL FURTHER --
INCLUDING JOINT INVESTIGATIONS INTO DISCREPANCY CASES; CONDUCTING
JOINT SURVEYS AND RECOVERIES OF GRAVESITES THROUGHOUT LAOS; AND
TRIPARTITE COOPERATION WITH WASHINGTON AND HANOI TO RESOLVE CASES
OF AMERICANS LOST IN AREAS OF LAOS UNDER VIETNAMESE CONTROL DURING
THE WAR. PROGRESS WILL INDEED BE ASSURED IF THESE AGREEMENTS ARE
IMPLEMENTED, AND ACTUAL RESULTS ACHIEVED.
I MUST ALSO NOTE SOME INCREASED COOPERATION WITH LAOS IN
ANOTHER AREA OF HIGH PRIORITY FOR PRESIDENT BUSH- DRUG CONTROL.
AGAIN, ACTUAL RESULTS FROM THESE EFFORTS WILL AUGUR WELL FOR EVEN
BETTER U.S.-LAO RELATIONS.
-12-
CONCLUSION
LET ME CONCLUDE BY SAYING THAT I HOPE FROM THIS DESCRIPTION OF
OUR ACTIVITIES IN INDOCHINA, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE QUEST FOR THE
FULLEST POSSIBLE ACCOUNTING OF THOSE STILL MISSING IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA REMAINS AN IMPORTANT NATIONAL GOAL, AND ONE WE TREAT
INDEPENDENTLY BUT INTEGRATE INTO OUR BROADER POLICIES IN THE
REGION.
OUR EFFORTS ON POW/MIA AND OUR DIPLOMACY TOWARD VIETNAM, LAOS
AND CAMBODIA HAVE ONE IMPORTANT MESSAGE IN COMMON: SUCCESS WILL
ENABLE US AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE REGION TO OPEN UP A NEW CHAPTER
IN THE HISTORY OF OUR RELATIONS, WHILE SATISFYING OURSELVES THAT
WE HAVE DONE EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO ACCOUNT FOR OUR MISSING MEN.
I LOOK FORWARD TO WORKING WITH YOU TOWARD THESE COMMON GOALS.
THANK You.
VFW Update: August 6, 1990
Curt,
Little Brown didn't turn up much. However:
-The Patton story from Helms fundraiser ( you will all do
your duty ) might be used to effect here.
-I recently read Bob Hope's new book, Don't Shoot, It's Only
Me, which includes many WW II anecdotes. Here are two that
I remember:
The first is a joke, about a young soldier in paratrooper
training. He gets nervous, and can't bring himself to jump
out of the plane his first time up. The sergeant reassures
him; says, "don't worry son, as soon as you jump out of the
plane, you'll pull the rip-cord, the parachute will open,
and a station wagon will be waiting for you when you land
to take you back to the base." So the young soldier jumps,
pulls the rip-cord, but the parachute doesn't open. As the
ground is rapidly approaching, the soldier grumbles to
himself: "this is great. I bet the station wagon won't
even be waiting for me."
The second is a true story about a soldier in a North
African bomb shelter: he's trying to comfort a hysterical
woman during a bombing raid. "Don't worry,' he says to
her, "it'll be alright. Trust me, I'm a fighter pilot.'
"Oh yeah," the lady replies, "then what are you doing down
here."
THE LITTLE, BROWN
BOOK OF
Ba ANECDOTES
CLIFTON FADIMAN
GENERAL EDITOR
LB
LITTLE, BROWN AND COMPANY
BOSTON
TORONTO
MONTAGU
409
superior status of women in England. Her
in the course of his tireless efforts to improv
4
In a BBC interview
propaganda suffered a serious setback, how-
conditions for the Jews.
birthday, Monteux W
ever, when her friends invited her to go with
remaining pleasures i
them to a public bath. The Turkish lady who
1 At a dinner party Montefiore found him
abiding passions," h
helped her undress was amazed at the sight of
self seated next to an anti-Semitic noblema:
model railway, the otl
Lady Mary's stays, and called all her friends to
who opened the conversation by saying,
age of eighty-nine, I fir
come and have a look. "See how cruelly the
have just returned from Japan, and it's a most
too old for model rail
poor English ladies are used by their hus-
unusual country. Did you know that it has no
bands!" she cried. "How can you boast of your
ther pigs nor Jews?"
greater liberty when your husbands lock you
"In that case," Montefiore replied, "you and
MONTGOMERY,
up in a box like this?"
I should go there, so it will have a sample of
count Montgomery
each."
British field marshal,
2 The breadth of Lady Mary's experience is
World War II he com
perhaps best summed up in her alleged dying
in North Africa, winn
words: "It has all been most interesting."
MONTEUX, Pierre (1875-1964), French
the Germans under (
conductor. He became conductor of Serge:
El Alamein (1942). H
Diaghilev's Ballets Russes (1911) and later
be a trial to his equal
MONTAGUE, Charles Edward (1867-
worked with numerous orchestras in Europ
Churchill characteriz
1928), British journalist and writer.
and the United States.
retreat; invincible in
victory."
1 At the outbreak of World War I, Montague
1 After hearing André Previn conduct the
dyed his gray hair black in order to conceal his
final movement of a Haydn symphony, Mon-
1 When Paris was
teux called the younger man over to him. "Did
from the Germans in
age and join the army. H. W. Nevinson re-
you think the orchestra was playing well?" he
Gaulle invested Mon
marked that Montague was "the only man on
record whose hair turned black in a single night
asked. Previn, who had been rather pleased
of the Légion d'Hon
from fearlessness."
with the rendering, hesitated, then replied.
was packed with a V
"Yes, I thought they played very well." Mon-
would take no order
teux nodded. "So did I," he said. "Next time
himself. Monty mus
don't interfere with them."
said, "Merci- et Ta
MONTECUCCOLI, Raimund, Count
The crowd disperse
(1609-1680), Austrian general. He fought
2 A rehearsal of Richard Strauss's Till Eulen-
bled that Monty h
against the Turks in the Thirty Years' War and
spiegel with the Philadelphia Orchestra was not
been ungracious, an
was given command of the imperial army in the
going well. Monteux suspected that the trou-
A. P. Herbert.
war against France (1672-75). For his services
ble lay with the orchestra's overfamiliarity with
away,' doesn't it?"
in the latter he was created Duke of Melfi.
the piece. Stopping the music suddenly, he said.
"Yes, sir."
"Gentlemen, I know that you know this piece
"Well," said Moi
1 The Roman Catholic (and ordinarily pious)
backwards, but please do not let us play it that
and that's what the
general had dutifully ordered an omelet for his
way."
dinner one Friday. Being exceptionally hungry,
2 In 1944 Alan Br
however, he decided that there would be no
3 Monteux was known to be fond of chil-
general staff and lat
harm in having a little ham sliced up in it. Just as
dren. During a train journey on one of his later
Alanbrooke, rema
the dish was set in front of him, an exception-
tours, he sat at a table in the dining car with
Montgomery was
ally loud clap of thunder announced the start
some of his artistes. One by one, the proud
think he is after my
of a storm. Without a word, the general strode
parents among the group produced photo-
thought he was aft
to the window, opened it, and threw out the
graphs of their offspring.
omelet. Looking up toward the source of the
"Maestro, this is my daughter, Helen, three
3 Climbing into a
thunder, he exclaimed petulantly, "Voilà bien
and a half."
Montgomery gave
du bruit, pour une omelette au jambon!" (What
"Maestro, this is my boy, David, only twelve
"Station?" quippec
a lot of fuss over a mere ham omelet!)
and he wants to be an engineer."
at his watch. "Cert
Monteux obligingly responded to each
bit late for the bat
snapshot with a word or two of praise, and
MONTEFIORE, Sir Moses (1784-1885),
finally pulled from his own wallet a rather dog-
4 Montgomery (
Jewish philanthropist. He was born in Italy,
eared photograph. "My son, Claude, the flut-
matic into civilian
lived mainly in Britain, and traveled extensively
ist, forty-one," he announced.
of the House of I
,358
359
LINCOLN, ABRAHAM
ible version of
"My grandfather fought at Lexington, my fa-
tence and inaction left by his predecessors in
picts Lincoln
ther fought at New Orleans, my husband was
the post, though,as it turned out, he was tem-
eign diplomat
killed at Monterey. I ask the commission not as
peramentally unsuited to supreme command.
will boots; the
a favor, but as a right."
On one occasion he reported his energetic ac-
"I guess, madam," answered Lincoln, "your
tivities to Lincoln in a dispatch datelined
family has done enough for the country. It's
"Headquarters in the saddle." Lincoln re-
ncoln to ask that
time to give somebody else a chance."
ceived it and sighed: "The trouble with
Sandwich Islands
Hooker is that he has got his headquarters
After setting out
21 When the Confederate forces were at-
where his hindquarters ought to be."
led by saying that
tacking Fort Stevens, Lincoln made a tour of
ealth and the cli-
inspection of the Union defenses. He was
25 In September 1862 Lincoln called a spe-
would be benefi-
shown around by the general's aide, Oliver
cial session of his closest advisers. When they
gentlemen," said
Wendell Holmes, Jr. As Holmes pointed out
arrived, he was reading a book. At first he paid
other applicants
the enemy lines, Lincoln, wearing his custom-
little attention to their entrance, then started to
sicker than your
ary tall hat, stood up to get a better view. At
read aloud to them a piece by the humorist
once there was a crackle of musketry fire from
Artemus Ward entitled "A High-Handed Out-
the opposing trenches. "Get down, you fool!"
rage at Utica," which Lincoln found very
germann-Linden-
shouted Holmes, grabbing the president and
funny. At the end he laughed heartily but no
versation she had
hauling him under cover. An instant later he
one joined in; the cabinet members sat in stony
anked that if he
realized what he had said, and wondered what
disapproval of the president's frivolity. Lincoln
have to become a
kind of disciplinary action would be taken
rebuked them: "Why don't you laugh? With
added, "so far I
against him. As Lincoln was leaving, he bade
the fearful strain that is upon me night and day,
the young officer farewell with the words,
if I did not laugh I should die, and you need this
ked. "You know
"Goodbye, Captain Holmes. I'm glad to see
medicine as much as I do." Then turning to
you know how to talk to a civilian."
business, he told them that he had privately
cow that, for I
prepared "a little paper of much significance."
my hat."
22 In a discussion on the manpower and re-
It was the draft of the Emancipation Proclama-
sources in the Civil War someone asked Lin-
tion.
S the one when I
coln how many men the Confederates had in
the field. "Twelve hundred thousand," was the
26 The Emancipation Proclamation was laid
TII.
prompt and astonishing reply. Seeing the
before Lincoln for his signature at noon on
amazement and disbelief on the faces of those
January 1, 1863. Lincoln twice picked up the
down an appli-
around him, Lincoln went on, "No doubt of
pen and twice laid it down. To the secretary of
reason: "I don't
twelve hundred thousand. You see, all our
state he said, "I have been shaking hands since
nicers of his cabi-
generals, every time they get whipped, they tell
nine o'clock this morning, and my right arm is
: mink this was a
me that the enemy outnumbered them at least
almost paralyzed. If my name ever goes into
emplanation. Lin-
three to one, and I must believe them. We have
history, it will be for this act, and my whole
over forty is re-
tour hundred thousand men in the field, and
soul is in it. If my hand trembles when I sign the
three times four equals twelve. Twelve
Proclamation, all who examine the document
hundred thousand men, no doubt about it."
hereafter will say, 'He hesitated." He then
cyed a story that
picked up the pen again and slowly and firmly
If the Civil War
In the later months of 1862 Lincoln was
wrote his signature.
dent of the Con-
angered by General George B. McClellan's in-
75. Two Quaker
activity, despite his superiority in numbers over
27 Lincoln was much plagued by people
samve merits and
the Confederate forces. In the end he wrote
seeking offices or favors. He was unwell one
cers. "I think Jef-
McClellan a single-sentence letter: "If you
day and not feeling inclined to listen to such
te is a praying
don't want to use the army, I should like to
requests. One petitioner, however, managed to
braham a praying
porrow it for a while. Yours respectfully, A.
get into his office. Just as the man was settling
rejoined the first
Incoln."
down for a lengthy interview, Lincoln's physi-
that Abraham is
cian entered. Holding out his hands to him,
24 When General Joseph Hooker, nick-
Lincoln asked what the blotches on them were.
named "Fighting Joe," was appointed com-
The doctor instantly diagnosed varioloid, a
thed Lincoln, de-
mander in chief of the Union army, he was
mild form of smallpox. "It's contagious, I be-
sion for her son.
anxious to dispel the impression of incompe-
lieve?" asked Lincoln. "Very contagious," was
LILLIE
35-
357
London apartment," she told him. "Why don't
a rywhere in the United States. He proposed
to be put off, Lincoln as
you go there and pick it up?"
generous settlement to the defeated Southerners
his legal fee. He gave hal
hoping to heal the wounds caused by the war
ant, who thereupon wil
7 At a reception given for Josephine Baker on
but only a few days after its end he was assas.
debt and paid up the $
one of her trips to New York, many theatrical
sinated while attending the theater in Washing
matter to the entire sa
personalities were invited. Among them was
ton. The most famous of Lincoln's speeches
plaintiff.
Beatrice Lillie, who patiently waited her turn to
the Gettysburg Address (1863). A vast fund
greet the fabulous Josephine. Unfortunately,
anecdotes and humorous stories by him or tok:
5 (A clerk of the cour
Miss Baker chose this occasion to put on her
of him have accumulated under his name. Man:
sion on which he was
well-known regal air. Holding out her hand for
are doubtless apocryphal.
court.)
Beatrice to kiss, she purred, "Ah, Lady Peel, eet
"Davis fined me five
is a great plaisir." Bea Lillie glanced at the prof-
As a young man Lincoln was captain of
had just come in, and le
fered hand: "Ah likes you too, honey," she
militia company during the Black Hawk War
told me a story so irresis
said.
of 1832. He was not well versed in military
out into a loud laugh.
procedures. One day, as he was leading a squad
order, saying, 'This mu
8 (Clifton Daniel tells the following story.)
of some twenty men across a field, the appro-
coln, you are constant
"One bright day on Piccadilly I saw an un-
priate word of command for getting them into
with your stories.' The
mistakable figure approaching- Bea on the
position for marching through a gate went right
yourself $5.00.' apolog
arm of a man. She had been abroad entertaining
out of his mind. In desperation, he shouted.
the story was worth th
the 'troooops,' as she called them, and I hadn't
"This company is dismissed for two minutes.
utes the judge called me
seen her for a long time.
and will fall in again on the other side of the
that story Lincoln tolc
"As she came down the street I maneuvered
gate."
him, and he laughed al
myself so that she could not avoid running into
'Remit your fine,' he 0
me. When she did she threw open her arms and
2 When Lincoln was a lawyer, an out-of-
embraced me.
town case required him to hire a horse from the
6 A New York firm
"Darling,' she cried, 'how are you?' Still
local livery stables. Returning the animal, he
practicing law, request
holding me, she leaned back and examined my
asked the liveryman whether he kept the horse
the financial circumstai
face. 'And who are you?"
for funerals. "Certainly not," said its owner
bors. The reply was as
indignantly. "I am glad to hear it," said Lin-
quainted with Mr.-
9 In Hollywood one day, Miss Lillie was ab-
coln, "because if you did, the corpse would not
stances. First of all, h
sentmindedly driving on the left-hand side of
get there in time for the resurrection."
together, they ought t
the road when she suddenly noticed another
any man. Secondly, he
car bearing down on her. She swerved to the
3 Lincoln's friend and fellow-lawyer Ward
there is a table worth
left and crashed, wrecking the car but escaping
Lamon was on circuit in Illinois. While waiting
worth $1.00. Last of all
with a few cuts and bruises. She staggered to
outside the courtroom, Lamon was challenged
large rat-hole which wi
the nearest house, which happened to be that
to a wrestling match and in the struggle tore the
spectfully yours, A. Li
of film star John Gilbert. "Why, Bea! What's
seat of his trousers. Immediately afterward he
up?" cried Gilbert as he opened the door.
was summoned into court for a case. His short
7 During his time as
"Heard there was a party," gasped Miss Lillie.
coat did not conceal the damaged condition of
Lincoln was walking il
"Came."
his trousers. One of the other lawyers face-
he was overtaken by a
tiously started a subscription paper to buy him
direction. Lincoln hail
a new pair, and it was passed around the var-
you have the goodness
LINCOLN, Abraham (1809-65), US states-
ious members of the bar. When the paper
town for me?"
man; 16th president of the United States (1861-
reached Lincoln, he wrote his name and under
"With pleasure," r
65). Born in a log cabin, Lincoln was a self-
the column for the amount the words: "I can
"but how will you get
educated man. He became a lawyer and in 1847
contribute nothing to the end in view."
"Oh, very easily; I i
entered Congress as a representative from Illi-
{This may be a stan
nois. An opponent of slavery, he was elected
4 In his legal practice Lincoln was never
-like many others
president on an antislavery ticket, an election
greedy for fees and discouraged unnecessary
that precipitated the secession of the Southern
litigation. A man came to him in a passion,
8 On hearing the an
states and the Civil War. In 1863 Lincoln issued
asking him to bring a suit for $2.50 against an
in the street, one of
the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing South-
impoverished debtor. Lincoln tried to dissuade
Springfield rushed ou
ern slaves, and two years later masterminded
him, but the man was determined upon re-
There he found Lincc
the Thirteenth Amendment, prohibiting slavery
venge. When he saw that the creditor was not
both of whom were
EINSTEIN
188
189
after opening many more drawers came upon a
girl, asked the white-haired professor: "What
dent. Said Ike,
whole box of clips. Einstein at once shaped one
are you actually by profession?" Einstein re-
Replied Burns,
into a tool to straighten the bent clip. His as-
plied: "I devote myself to the study of physics."
write." (It work
sistant, puzzled, asked why he was doing this
The girl looked at him in astonishment. "You
a one-hour wee
when there was a whole boxful of usable clips.
mean to say you study physics at your age?" she
and the preside:
"Once I am set on a goal it becomes difficult to
exclaimed. "I finished mine a year ago."
deflect me," said Einstein.
4 Some mont
{Einstein said to an assistant at Princeton
20 A young friend of Einstein's proudly pre-
president, Eisen
that this was the most characteristic an-
sented his eighteen-month-old son to the great
White House
ecdote that could be told of him.}
scientist. The child looked up into the old
"Yes," he replie
man's smiling face and promptly began to
now."
14 A certain distinguished astronomer once
howl. Einstein patted him on the head and said
declared at a scientific meeting: "To an astron-
fondly, "You're the first person for years who
omer, man is nothing more than an insignifi-
has told me what you really think of me."
ELEANOR 0
cant dot in an infinite universe."
French queen a
"I have often felt that," said Einstein. "But
Louis VII of Fr.
then I realize that the insignificant dot who is
EISENHOWER, Dwight David (1890-
and married H
man is also the astronomer."
1969), US general and statesman; 34th presi-
later years she fi
dent of the United States (1953-61). During
among his sons
15 "The laws of physics should be simple,"
World War II he commanded US troops in Brit-
her eldest son, ]
said Einstein, lecturing at Princeton. "But what
ain and Allied troops in North Africa and Italy
the throne, he r
if they are not simple?" came a voice from the
(1942-43) before becoming supreme Allied
regent of Engla
audience. Replied Einstein: "Then I would not
commander in charge of the Normandy land-
be interested in them."
ings (1943-44). In 1951 he assumed supreme
1 Eleanor's p
command of NATO. As president, he tried to
VII was based C
16 During his stay in Princeton, New Jersey,
stabilize the Middle East against Communist
closely related
Einstein used to play his violin in a string quar-
influence by offering economic and military aid
the eyes of t
tet. He enjoyed these sessions, but the other
- the Eisenhower Doctrine (1957).
granted. Two
musicians were less enthusiastic about his
ried Henry II,
skills. Complained one of the other players
After the successful landings in France, Ei-
"I am queen of
after a private performance, "He can't count."
senhower was inspecting a British section of
the Allied lines when German planes came over
17 Einstein's scientific theories and investi-
and strafed them. The party dived for cover. As
ELIOT, Charl
gations were an impenetrable mystery to his
soon as it was safe to emerge a senior British
ucator. Presid
second wife, Elsa. "Couldn't you tell me a little
officer hurried across to see if Eisenhower was
(1869-1909),
about your work?" she complained one day.
all right. Finding him unharmed, he expressed
cluding raising
"People talk a lot about it, and I appear so
his relief in fervent terms. Ike thanked him for
troducing scier
stupid when I say I know nothing." Einstein
his solicitude. "Oh," said the officer, "my con-
On the other
thought for a minute or two, frowning deeply
cern was just that nothing should happen to
quired courses
as he searched for a way to begin his explana-
you in my sector."
tion. Suddenly, his face cleared. "If people
1 At a dinne
ask," he said, "tell them you know all about it,
2 General Eisenhower was called upon to
at Harvard vie
but can't tell them, as it is a great secret!"
address a graduating class at an illustrious
toasts to thei
university. "Your business is to put me out of
gratulated him
18 The journal Scientific American once ran
business," he told them.
versity: "Since
a competition for the best exposition of relativ-
has become a
ity in three thousand words. A prize of several
3 During his first term Eisenhower appointed
responded: "I
thousand dollars was at stake. "I'm the only
Arthur Burns as his first chairman of the Coun-
claim little cr
one in my entire circle of friends who is not
cil of Economic Advisors. (Dr. Burns later
freshmen bring
entering," remarked Einstein ruefully. "I don't
served as chairman of the Federal Reserve and
little away."
believe I could do it."
ambassador to Germany under President Rea-
gan.) At their first meeting Burns suggested that
2 During his
19 In the course of conversation at an Ameri-
he send Ike a memo outlining a plan for orga-
vard, Charles
can dinner party Einstein's neighbor, a young
nizing the flow of economic advice to the presi-
givings about
JACKSON, ANDREW
302
303
Daniel Webster, he paraphrased the line from
to Jackson's, rode up to him. "General, they
head, he cried, "Hurr
Shakespeare's Antony and Ceopatra: "Age
are beating us back," he cried.
By God, general, pleas
cannot wither her, nor custom tale infinite
"Give them the bayonet," shouted Jackson.
all over my damned
virginity."
Heartened by this, Bee galloped back to his
own men and encouraged them: "There is
5 An enemy sergear
6 Thomas Hart Benton became an enthusias-
Jackson standing like a stone wall! Rally behind
was taken to Jacksor
tic Jackson supporter, but in 1813 they had had
the Virginians!" The Confederates rallied and
tioning. While waiting
a fight that left one of Benton's bullets lodged
beat off the enemy, and the nickname "Stone-
the prisoner began to
in Jackson's left arm. There it remained for
wall" was permanently attached to Jackson.
son's horse and run hi
many years, until in 1832 a surgeon removed it.
{General Bee himself was later killed in
an absentminded ma
It was suggested that the bullet be returned to
battle.}
staff noticed that he V
Benton as it was his property. Benton thanked
hairs out of the tail e
Jackson, who by now was his friend, but de-
2 Jackson blamed the failure of an attempt to
ordered him to stop.
clined the offer, saying that twenty years' pos-
destroy the canal leading to Washington on the
rived, and, seeing the
session of the bullet had made it Jackson's
fact that the raid had taken place on a Sunday.
horsehair, asked for a
property. It was pointed out that it was only
In order not to break the Sabbath a second
replied, respect and i
nineteen years since the duel. Benton replied,
time, he planned the next attempt for early
that every hair from tl
"In consideration of the extra care he has taken
Monday morning, and ordered that the neces-
be worth a dollar in N
of it — kept it about his person and so on- I'll
sary gunpowder be obtained on Saturday. Un-
moved by this tribute
waive the odd year."
fortunately the quartermaster was unable to
sent the prisoner away
find a suitable supply of powder that day and
gation, still clutching 1
7 The attractive niece of the British minister
was obliged to procure it on Sunday. Jackson
said to President Jackson, "Mr. President, you
learned of this and sent for more powder first
and General Washington enjoy a unique fame:
thing on Monday morning. He commanded
6 General J. E. B. Sti
no one else has ever defeated my countrymen."
the colonel in charge of the expedition, "I de-
camp late one night. E
"That, my dear, is because we are both de-
sire that you will see that the powder which is
Stuart lay down besid
scended from your countrywomen," said the
used for this expedition is not the powder that
some rest. It was a cold
president.
was procured on Sunday."
gradually began to pull
himself and unconscio
3
General Ewell was so impressed by the con-
the sheets. When he av
spicuous gallantry of a certain Federal cavalry
ing, he was astonished
JACKSON, Joe (1887-1951), US baseball
player.
officer in rallying his troops on the field of
son's bed, still fully C
battle that he ordered his soldiers not to shoot
quickly as possible. E
1 Some reporters and a group of small boys
at the man. Jackson later reprimanded Ewell
some time later, he W
for this quixotic action, remarking shrewdly.
with the words: "Gen
were waiting in the courthouse corridor when
"Shoot the brave officers and the cowards will
glad to see you here. )
Jackson*emerged after giving testimony in the
run away and take their men with them!"
hours sometimes, but ]
"Black Sox Scandal" case, in which Jackson
you. But, general, you n
and other White Sox players were accused of.
accepting bribes to throw the World Series.
4 Jackson had strictly forbidden his men to
with your boots and
around like a cavalry h
One of the boys came forward and asked, "It
ride into the fields alongside the roads so as not
ain't true, is it, Joe?" to which the player re-
to damage the crops. Returning to his camp
plied, "Yes, I'm afraid it is."
near Richmond one day, Jackson became im-
7 After a brilliantly
{The boy's question was later rephrased
patient with the slow progress he was making
Jackson outflanked a g
as the famous "Say it ain't so, Joe."}
along a road cluttered with wagon trains
of Union troops at Ch:
and led his men through a nearby field of oats.
On May 2, 1863, as dus
The farmer, witnessing this blatant violation
erals began to flee and
of well-publicized orders, rushed over and
organize the pursuit. Soi
JACKSON, Thomas Jonathan ["Stonewall"]
blocked Jackson's path. Purple with rage, he
recognizing their genera
(1824-63), American Confederate general.
threatened to report the miscreant to Stone-
and wounded him so ba
wall Jackson himself and have all his men ar-
arm. Pneumonia set in
1 At the first battle of Bull Run in 1861 the
rested. With some embarrassment the general
last words were: "Let I
fierceness of the Union onslaught caused some
admitted that he was Stonewall Jackson. The
and sit under the shade
confusion in the Confederate ranks. General
farmer's manner changed instantly. With tears
Barnard Bee, commanding a battalion adjacent
in his eyes and waving his bandanna around his
na change W. regard
to Uninan novemberation
Reference to organing
Camm thent
of
the
Communist
officer
who
Vietnam and the United
fight-in the hinterlands far from South Vietnam's cities-and his stu-
ior officers the fear and
pendous military machine could show dramatic results. The firepower
hem if the enemy agreed
he brought to bear was unprecedented, awesome, almost beyond the
in October 1972, when
bounds of imagination. At Conthien alone, nearly eight hundred B-52
ounterpart, Le Duc Tho,
flights dropped twenty-two thousand tons of bombs as fighter-bombers
ieu government.
and warships in the South China Sea also pummeled the area, reducing
he Communists added a
its gentle slopes to a bleak landscape of craters and charred tree stumps.
they had insisted, peace
The jungles surrounding Dakto were pounded by three hundred B-52
several conditions. But
missions, more than. two thousand fighter-bomber assaults, and one
guyen Duy Trinh, issued
hundred and seventy thousand artillery shells, and chemical warfare
i on December 30, 1967,
units denuded the few remaining shreds of foliage with herbicides. The
en discussions with the
staggering North Vietnamese and Vietcong losses over the three-month
:h Vietnam were halted.
period boosted the estimated number of Communist troops killed in
;esture made by Ho Chi
action during the year to some ninety thousand, inspiring Westmoreland
en he proposed negotia-
to proclaim on a visit to Washington in November that "the enemy's
for the showdown battle
hopes are bankrupt."
Back in Vietnam six weeks later, however, he focused on an even
ing-"We cannot antici-
larger battle looming around Khesanh, a rolling region as lovely as the
ill develop," one of their
hills of Tuscany. Khesanh straddled Route 9, an old French road linking
ed, the risks would be
the Vietnamese coast to the Laotian market towns along the Mekong. A
n our actions" and learn
small camp had been built there by the U.S. special forces to recruit and
at.
train local mountain tribesmen, and Westmoreland began to expand it
September 1967, when
during the summer as a springboard against Communist sanctuaries in
cks against a string of
Laos-a proposed move that President Johnson would afterward reject.
he highlands of central
Westmoreland stockpiled the base with ammunition and other matériel,
frontiers. Westmoreland
refurbished its primitive airstrip, and sent in a U.S. marine battalion to
:S in Saigon that "a sense
bulwark its defenses. But Khesanh instead became the site of a huge
losses mounted, but his
confrontation whose significance was to be debated long after the war
loyed in regiments and
had ended. The battle dragged on for two months, and became almost
iipped with superb new
daily fare for American television viewers already satiated by the specta-
:kpack radios as well as
cle of the Tet offensive shattering South Vietnam's cities and towns.
hey struck with extraor-
Late in 1967, an accumulation of U.S. intelligence reports indicated
n, a small U.S. marine
that four North Vietnamese infantry divisions, stiffened by two artillery
brous boundary separat-
regiments and armored units-a total of forty thousand men-were
and Songbe, a pair of
converging on Khesanh. Westmoreland moved six thousand U.S. ma-
orth of Saigon. And, in
rines into the sector, and he drafted plans to deluge the enemy from the
nent of the war to date,
air in a bombing cascade appropriately code-named Operation Niagara.
I Dakto, a dense jungle
He also instructed his aides to study the feasibility of using tactical
nuclear weapons-until a directive from Washington cut short the re-
nists were at long last
search out of fear that if the press found out about it, the protests against
t where he wanted to
the war at home would increase. Westmoreland later denounced the ban,
Tet 539
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5907->
2024566218:# 1
Heritage Foundation
214 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N.E.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20002
Telephone: (202) 546 - 4400
FAX: (202) 544 - 2260
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION SHEET
Date: 8/14/90
Time: 11:45 am
To: Ted Garmey
Facsimile #: 456-6218
This cover plus 5 pages
Message # :
From: Baker Spring
Comments: Excepts from the House Armed Services
Committee's press release on its FY 191
Defense Bill mark-up. 2 follow If you
need anything elee, just call at. 546-4400 ext. 332
If you have any problems with this transmittal please call
at (202) 546 - 4400.
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House Armed Services Committee
FY91 Defense Authorization Bill
Committee Markup
Summary of Major Actions
July 31, 1990
House Armed Services Committee
is
2120 Rayburn HOB
Washington, D.C. 20515
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2024566218;# 3
-3-
The allocation process was a rough cut allowing for plenty
of argument about specifics. But it established the principle
that policy, not precedent would drive the process.
ALLOCATING DEFENSE BUDGET CUTS FOR FY91
[Current dollars in billions, budget authority]*
Subcmtt
Allocations
Policy
of Admn.
Driven
Proportionate
Subcommittees
Request**
Reductions
Reductions
1. Mil. Inst.
14.9
1.5
1.2
2. Mil. Pers.
86.2
0.8
6.7
3. Procurement
72.7
11.0
5.7
4. Readiness
79.3
5.9
6.2
5. R&D
38.0
1.9
3.0
6. Seapower
16.1
3.0
1.3
TOTAL
307.2***
24.0
24.0
*
Totalsmay not add due to rounding.
**
Allocat cownitteepractice, and are not the same as
similarcategoriesin the President' adefense budget such as procurement personnelor military
construction.
... The President' srequestwas 8306. billion, This figure representsthat total, plus routine
bookkeepingtransactionsthat have the effect of boostingthe total between $200 millionand 8300
million.
EXAMPLES OF POLICY-DRIVEN ACTIONS1
Cutting where the threat has decreased
Personnel: U.S. forces have primarily been sized and shaped
to meet the threat posed by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact
allies. The conventional threat posed by Pact forces in Europe
has all but evaporated, allowing a reduction in forces designed
to meet that threat. The committee cut of 129,500 in active duty
end strength for FY91 was taken under this guideline. The Army
receives the largest cut as the service most affected by the
change in Europe. The committee specified that at least 50,000
come from troops in Europe.
The programs here are listed for their policy significance.
Additional programmatic details for the systems mentioned will be
found in the subcommittee-by-subcommittes section that follows
the policy summary.
TABLE 1
PROGRAMS TERMINATED BY THE HOUSE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE
Weapons System
House Armed Services Committee Action
1 B-2 Bomber
Production terminated in FY91
2 Trident Submarine
Terminated after 18th Submarine is produced
3 AMRAAM
Production funds for AF and Navy denied in FY91
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4 AT&CMS
Terminated in FY91
5 FOTL
Terminated in FY91
6 JSTARS
Terminated in FY91
7 VLA
Terminated in FY91
8 A-7 mods
Terminated in FY91
9 C-141
Terminated in FY91
10 155mm Binary Chemical Shell
Terminated in FY91
11 MLRS Binary Chemical Munition
Terminated in FY91
12 Navy Bigeye Chemical Bomb
Terminated in FY91
13 Air Force Bigeye Chemical Bomb
Terminated in FY91
14 Small Unit Support Vehicle
Terminated in FY91
15 A-10 mods
Terminated in FY91
16 KC-135 Reengining
Terminated in FY91
17 SRAM T
Terminated in FY91
5907->
18 MX Rail Garrison
Production Terminated in FY91
2024566218:# 4
TABLE 2
TWENTY-FIVE MAJOR WEAPON SYSTEMS
RANKED BY BUDGET REQUEST
(In millions of dollars)
FY 91 Request (Bush)
HASC
Change
R&D
Quant.
Proc.
Total
R&D
Quant.
Proc.
B&D
Quamt.
Proc.
1 B-2 Bomber
1,600
5
3,800
5,496*
1,600
0
0
-
5
(3800)
2 Strategic Defense Initiative
4,460
!
-
4,660
2,900
-
I
(1560)
-
-
3 DDG-51
-
5
3,566
3.566
-
5
3,566
-
-
-
4 SSM-21
-
2
3,479
3,479
1
1
2.106
-
(5)
(1,373)
5 F-16C/D
-
150
2,787
2,787
1
108
2,205
-
(42)
(582)
SENT BY:HERITAGE FOUNDATION-3 ; 8-14-90 11:37AM ;
6 ME Mail Garrison
548
-
1,346
2.163*
200
0
200
(348)
-
(1146)
J F/A-18
-
66
2,041
2,041
-
84
2,482
-
18
441
8 C-17
-
6
1,904
1.904
-
2
554
-
(4)
(1350)
9 #-15
-
36
1,699
1,699
-
36
1,473
-
-
(226)
10 B-5
92
52
1,533
1,625
92
42
1,290
-
(10)
(243)
11 (Air Force and Mavyl
-
1800
1,314
1,314
0
0
0
-
(1800)
(1314)
12 Irident
-
1
1,383
1,383
1
1
1,240
-
1
(183)
13 Milatar
768
-
281
1,049
768
-
281
-
-
-
14 1-12
-
-
-
Classified
,
-
- 1,150 less than request -
(1,150)
15 Advanced Tactical Fighter
1047
I
-
1047
964
-
-
(83)
-
-
16 Patrist Missile
23
817
886
909
23
817
725
-
-
(161)
17 F-14 Toacat
-
12
906
906
-
12
916
-
-
10
18 N-1 Tank
-
225
827
827
-
225
928
1
,
101
19 Tomabawk Cruise Missile
-
600
808
808
-
400
659
-
(200)
(149)
5907->
20 Bradley Fighting Vehicle
-
600
688
688
-
300
449
-
(303)
(239)
21 AV-8B Harrier
30.7
24
535
566
30.7
24
535
-
-
-
22 Advanced Cruise Missile
-
250
173
473
-
100
630
-
1150;
(43)
23 UH-60 Blackbawk
-
72
469
469
-
72
469
-
-
-
24 E-2C Easkeye
38
6
411
449
38
6
411
-
-
-
25 CH-532
-
23
435
435
-
-
25
-
(23)
(410)
* Total includes military construction funds.
2024566218:#
#
5
TABLE 5
FORCE LEVEL REDUCTIONS
FY 91
Change from
Change from
FY 90
FY 91
Committee
FY 91
FY 90
ctive Duty
Program
Request
Recommendation
Request
Program
Army
744,169
727,500
675,669
(51,831)
(68,500)
Navy
590,501
584,800
570,601
(14,299)
(20,000)
Marine Corps
196,735
196,500
192,235
(4,265)
(4,500)
Air Force
546,000
530,000
508,500
(21,500)
(36,500)
Total
2,076,406
2,038,800
1,946,905
(91,985)
(129,500)
FY 91
Change from
Change from
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eserve (part time)
FY 90
FY 91
Committee
FY 91
FY 90
Program
Request
Recommendation
Request
Program
Army National Guard
447,300
447,300
457,300
10,000
10,000
Army Reserve
309,200
309,200
318,700
9,500
9,500
Naval Reserve
153,400
149,700
153,400
3,700
0
Marine Corps Reserve
44,000
43,900
43,900
0
(100)
Air National Guard
116,200
116,300
117,036
736
836
Air Force Reserve
84,900
85,200
85,591
391
691
Coast Guard Reserve
12,100
12,700
12,700
0
600
Total
1,167,100
1,164,300
1,188,627
24,327
21,527
5907->
FY 91
Change from
Change from
eserve (full time)
FY 90
FY 91
Committee
FY 91
FY 90
Program
Request
Recommendation
Request
Program
Army National Guard
26,199
26,199
26,199
0
0
Army Reserve
13,344
13,344
13,344
0
0
Naval Reserve
22,708
22,997
22,997
0
289
Marine Corps Reserve
2,301
2,401
2,401
0
100
Air Force Guard
8,517
6,468
8,468
0
(49)
Air Force Reserve
686
655
655
0
(31)
2024566218:# 6
Total
73,755
74,064
74,064
0
309