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[David] Souter Swearing-In 10/8/90 [OA 6896]
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[David] Souter Swearing-In 10/8/90 [OA 6896]
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Speech Backup Chronological Files
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FOIA Number:
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S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13732
Folder ID Number:
13732-008
Folder Title:
[David] Souter Swearing-in 10/8/90 [OA 6896]
Stack:
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26
20
7
6
CAMP DAVID
CAMP DAVID
FAX COMM # 301-271-1366
TO: CHRIS WINSTON (SPECHITING)
FROM: LCDR JUSTICE
SUBJECT: SOUTER SPEECH
No. of Pages to follow: 5
Reply Requested (Y/N)?
-
COMMENTS: PLEASEHOLD IN
SITROOM FOR SPEAECH
WRITER
If you don't receive all copies, call 301-271-1400.
OCT ( 90 13:24
PRGE 02
McNally/Simon
Oct. 4, 1990
Draft Four (B:SOUTER)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: SWEARING-IN CEREMONY FOR JUSTICE SOUTER
THE EAST ROOM
MONDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1990, 5:00 P.M.
Thank you, and good afternoon. Mr. Chief Justice, Members
of the Court, ladies and gentlemen: Truly, it is a great honor
to greet you at the White House, and in particular, to welcome
the friends of this extraordinary judge to Washington.
Today's ceremony is historic for many reasons. It is, of
course, the first Supreme Court appointment of this presidency.
But more importantly, it serves as another occasion to celebrate
the 200 years of the Constitution of the United States, and the
independent judiciary it launched.
We meet on Columbus Day, birthdate of a modern hemisphere
-- and an auspicious date for any new beginning. Elsewhere
around the world, the origins of many countries are almost lost
in time, their roots unclear or unknown. Not so in America. We
know exactly where -- and exactly when - our modern history
begins. But we often forget that, back in 1492, Christopher
Columbus was searching not for a new world, but for a new way --
a passage to the riches of the Far East. (In fact, Columbus was
so confident he carried a letter from Queen Isabella to be
delivered to the Emperor of China. [TRUE] This marked history's
first known case of mail getting lost on its way across America.)
But if our modern history began with a search for earthly
treasure, it was a search for something more elusive that
actually gave birth to the United states. A search for freedom.
OCT 7 '90 13:25
PAGE 03
2
A search for justice and self-government. A search that produced
the Constitution of the United states.
In ancient China, the word "wisdom" was formed by a
combination of the ideograms for wind and lightning. Wind and
lightning. Years before the American Revolution, Benjamin
Franklin lofted a kits upon the wind and seized lightning from
the sky. At age 81, he did it again. For four sweltering months
in the summer of 1787, 55 delegates met in Philadelphia, debating
a wonderful, audacious, unsettling idea. Washington called the
Constitution "little short of a miracle." It was wisdom. Wind
and lightning. A nation inventing itself.
One of those 55 delegates was James Wilson, the son of a
Scottish farmer, and the Pennsylvania lawyer who shared
responsibility for writing the Constitution's first draft. A
fervent advocate of the sovereignty of the people, Wilson fought
for a strong national judiciary, and was one of the first to
envision the principle of judicial review. Today, Wilson's idea
stands as one of the cornerstones of our Republic -- and one of
America's greatest gifts to the world. 111
Tomorrow morning, Justice David Souter -- sounds good,
doesn't it? -- assumes a distinguished seat on the Supreme Court.
It was first held by that very same James Wilson -- one of the
five men that President George Washington first appointed to the
Supreme Court in 1789. His successor was Bushrod Washington, a
nephew of the President, soldier in the Revolutionary War, and
founding member of one of the many organizations that has recog-
PAGE 04
3
nized David Souter for his brilliant intellect -- Phi Beta Kappa.
34 years ago, this distinguished seat became open during the
presidency of one of my personal heroes -- Dwight D. Eisenhower.
And Ike filled that seat with & jurist who was to become one of
the most personally beloved members of the Court: Justice
William Brennan. And in marking this moment of transition, let
me first -- on behalf of all Americans -- wish Justice Brennan a
most pleasant and active retirement. 1111
Like his predecessor, Justice Souter comes to the Court with
a distinguished record of judicial service. And T Am grateful
that many of the fine judges with whom he has served are able to
be with us today.
During the recent hearings, Justice Souter clearly demon-
strated the superb education, training, and experience that grace
his record. But even more important, Justice Souter once again
demonstrated his life-long devotion to principle -- a simple,
strait-forward, and enduring principle -- a principle quite
familiar to Justice James Wilson and the other Framers of the
Constitution. And the principle is this: The role assigned
judges in our system is to interpret the Constitution and lesser:
laws -- not to make them.
And on this issue or principle, I also want to congratulate
learn
the Judiciary Committee, and the full Senate, for the prompt and
in
faithful exercise of their own constitutional responsibilities.
By abiding by cradition branot insisting that a
nominee commit bimself to any preordained outchmes or formula-
4
tions you enabled Justice Souter to Bully inform the Senate as
to his qualifications and general interpretive principles) while
still abiding by the constraints needed to protect our tradition
of an independent judiciary. It marks a victory for excellence
over special interest politics, and let us hope it marks an and
to litmus tests.
Like many Americans, I was particularly moved by Justice
at hishearings.
Souter's opening comments, "The first lesson," he said, "simple
as it is, is that whatever court we are in, whatever we are doing
at the end of our task some human being is going to be
affected, some human life is going to be changed by what we do."
And he added: And so "we had better use every power of our minds
and our hearts and our beings to get those rulings right."
Now those are the sentiments of one very thoughtful and
caring man. Masched by his autraordinary talents, impeccable
integuity, and Serotion to neutral principles. it promises th
Justice souter will surve the Court end the country powerful
force YOU your 1111
Just down the street, as the autumn twilight descends. one
Migh
Wd
Washington, an underground vault holds America's founding papers,
ST
the birth certificate of a Nation. Tomorrow morning the steel
doors will open, the display case rising up to a large, rather
change
ordinary room. And, like every morning, & long line of visitors
if
will touch their fingers gently to the glass. Inches below,
the
Gov't
paper is & deep yellow, but the writing is still strong and
is
distinct. "We the People of the United states..."
The paper is
closed
OCT 7 '90 13:33
PAGE. 02
5
The Constitution is not just a symbol but a living idea, the
world's greatest experiment in freedom and self-government. Four
hand-written pages that promise freedom and justice before the
law. Unlike other nations, Americans cannot look to a COREON
heritage of culture or blood. Americans come from every corner
of the world, linked only by this, an idea, a nation that
invented itself.
In just a few moments, we will all bear solemn witness to.
the oath of office of America's newest Supreme Court Justice --
and 20 help begin-s now journey, # rite of passage and renewall
that, with each generation, can breathe wind and lightning into
And so let me conclude with Justice Souter's
own description of the task ahead: It is "the responsibility
to join with eight other people, to make the promises of this
Constitution a reality for our time, and to preserve that
Constitution: for the generations that will follow us, afteriv
are goner from here."
And now I would invite Chief Justice William Rehnquiste,
the assistance of Erin Rath, to administer the constitutions
oath of office to Justice David souter. III Mr. chief Just
[[FOLLOWING SWEARING-IN]] Thank you, ladies and gentlemen
And now on behalf of Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice Souter and
all the members of the Court, Barbara and I would like to invite
you to join us for refreshments in the State Dining Room.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 5, 1990
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
CHRISS WINSTON w
FROM:
EDWARD E. MCNALLY and
SUBJECT:
SWEARING-IN CEREMONY FOR JUSTICE DAVID SOUTER
On Monday, October 8, at 5:00 p.m., you will give remarks
and then observe the swearing-in of Supreme Court Justice David
Souter in the East Room. Approximately 200 friends of Justice
Souter and other government officials will attend.
The remarks (9 minutes, on cards) are rather formal, as
befits the occasion.
McNally/Simon
Oct. 4, 1990
Draft Four (B:SOUTER)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: SWEARING-IN CEREMONY FOR JUSTICE SOUTER
THE EAST ROOM
MONDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1990, 5:00 P.M.
Thank you, and good afternoon. Mr. Chief Justice, Members
of the Court, ladies and gentlemen: Truly, it is a great honor
to greet you at the White House, and in particular, to welcome
the friends of this extraordinary judge to Washington.
Today's ceremony is historic for many reasons. It is, of
course, the first Supreme Court appointment of this presidency.
But more importantly, it serves as another occasion to celebrate
the 200 years of the Constitution of the United States, and the
independent judiciary it launched.
We meet on Columbus Day, birthdate of a modern hemisphere
-- and an auspicious date for any new beginning. Elsewhere
around the world, the origins of many countries are almost lost
in time, their roots unclear or unknown. Not so in America. We
know exactly where -- and exactly when -- our modern history
begins. But we often forget that, back in 1492, Christopher
Columbus was searching not for a new world, but for a new way --
a passage to the riches of the Far East. (In fact, Columbus was
so confident he carried a letter from Queen Isabella to be
delivered to the Emperor of China. [TRUE] This marked history's
first known case of mail getting lost on its way across America.)
But if our modern history began with a search for earthly
treasure, it was a search for something more elusive that
actually gave birth to the United States. A search for freedom.
2
A search for justice and self-government. A search that produced
the Constitution of the United States.
In ancient China, the word "wisdom" was formed by a
combination of the ideograms for wind and lightning. Wind and
lightning. Years before the American Revolution, Benjamin
Franklin lofted a kite upon the wind and seized lightning from
the sky. At age 81, he did it again. For four sweltering months
in the summer of 1787, 55 delegates met in Philadelphia, debating
a wonderful, audacious, unsettling idea. Washington called the
Constitution "little short of a miracle." It was wisdom. Wind
and lightning. A nation inventing itself.
One of those 55 delegates was James Wilson, the son of a
Scottish farmer, and the Pennsylvania lawyer who shared
responsibility for writing the Constitution's first draft. A
fervent advocate of the sovereignty of the people, Wilson fought
for a strong national judiciary, and was one of the first to
envision the principle of judicial review. Today, Wilson's idea
stands as one of the cornerstones of our Republic -- and one of
America's greatest gifts to the world. III
Tomorrow morning, Justice David Souter -- sounds good,
doesn't it? -- assumes a distinguished seat on the Supreme Court.
It was first held by that very same James Wilson -- one of the
five men that President George Washington first appointed to the
Supreme Court in 1789. His successor was Bushrod Washington, a
nephew of the President, soldier in the Revolutionary War, and
founding member of one of the many organizations that has recog-
3
nized David Souter for his brilliant intellect -- Phi Beta Kappa.
34 years ago, this distinguished seat became open during the
presidency of one of my personal heroes -- Dwight D. Eisenhower.
And Ike filled that seat with a jurist who was to become one of
the most personally beloved members of the Court: Justice
William Brennan. And in marking this moment of transition, let
me first -- on behalf of all Americans -- wish Justice Brennan a
most pleasant and active retirement.
Like his predecessor, Justice Souter comes to the Court with
a distinguished record of judicial service. And I am grateful
that many of the fine judges with whom he has served are able to
be with us today.
During the recent hearings, Justice Souter clearly demon-
strated the superb education, training, and experience that grace
his record. But even more important, Justice Souter once again
demonstrated his life-long devotion to principle -- a simple,
strait-forward, and enduring principle -- a principle quite
familiar to Justice James Wilson and the other Framers of the
Constitution. And the principle is this: The role assigned to
judges in our system is to interpret the Constitution and lesser
laws -- not to make them.
And on this issue of principle, I also want to congratulate
the Judiciary Committee, and the full Senate, for the prompt and
faithful exercise of their own constitutional responsibilities.
By abiding by constitutional tradition -- by not insisting that a
nominee commit himself to any preordained outcomes or formula-
4
tions -- you enabled Justice Souter to fully inform the Senate as
to his qualifications and general interpretive principles, while
still abiding by the constraints needed to protect our tradition
of an independent judiciary. It marks a victory for excellence
over special interest politics, and let us hope it marks an end
to litmus tests.
Like many Americans, I was particularly moved by Justice
Souter's opening comments. "The first lesson," " he said, "simple
as it is, is that whatever court we are in, whatever we are doing
at the end of our task some human being is going to be
affected, some human life is going to be changed by what we do. "
And he added: And so "we had better use every power of our minds
and our hearts and our beings to get those rulings right.'
Now those are the sentiments of one very thoughtful and
caring man. Matched by his extraordinary talents, impeccable
integrity, and devotion to neutral principles, it promises that
Justice Souter will serve the Court and the country as a powerful
force for good.
Just down the street, as the autumn twilight descends on
Washington, an underground vault holds America's founding papers,
the birth certificate of a Nation. Tomorrow morning the steel
doors will open, the display case rising up to a large, rather
ordinary room. And, like every morning, a long line of visitors
will touch their fingers gently to the glass. Inches below, the
paper is a deep yellow, but the writing is still strong and
distinct. "We the People of the United States
"
5
The Constitution is not just a symbol but a living idea, the
world's greatest experiment in freedom and self-government. Four
hand-written pages that promise freedom and justice before the
law. Unlike other nations, Americans cannot look to a common
heritage of culture or blood. Americans come from every corner
of the world, linked only by this, an idea, a nation that
invented itself.
In just a few moments, we will all bear solemn witness to
the oath of office of America's newest Supreme Court Justice ---
and so help begin a new journey, a rite of passage and renewal
that, with each generation, can breathe wind and lightning into
an ancient dream. And so let me conclude with Justice Souter's
own description of the task ahead: It is "the responsibility
to join with eight other people, to make the promises of the
Constitution a reality for our time, and to preserve that
Constitution for the generations that will follow us, after we
are gone from here."
And now I would invite Chief Justice William Rehnquist, with
the assistance of Erin Rath, to administer the constitutional
oath of office to Justice David Souter. Mr. Chief Justice.
#
#
#
[ [FOLLOWING SWEARING-IN]] Thank you, ladies and gentlemen.
And now on behalf of Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice Souter and
all the members of the Court, Barbara and I would like to invite
you to join us for refreshments in the State Dining Room.
McNally/Simon
Oct. 3, 1990
Draft Three (B:SOUTER)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: SWEARING-IN CEREMONY FOR JUSTICE SOUTER
THE EAST ROOM
MONDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1990, 4:00 P.M.
Thank you, and good afternoon. Mr. Chief Justice, Members
of the Court, ladies and gentlemen: Truly, it is a great honor
to greet you at the White House, and in particular, to welcome
the friends and family of this extraordinary judge to Washington.
Today's ceremony is historic for many reasons. It is, of
course, the first Supreme Court appointment of this presidency.
But more importantly, it serves as another occasion to celebrate
the 200 years of the Constitution of the United States, and the
unprecedented, independent judiciary it launched.
We meet on Columbus Day, birthdate of a modern hemisphere
-- and an auspicious date for any new beginning. Elsewhere
around the world, the origins of most countries are almost lost
in time, their roots unknown. Not so in America. We know
exactly where -- and exactly when -- our modern history begins.
But we often forget that, back in 1492, Christopher Columbus was
searching not for a new world, but for a new way -- a passage to
am.
Book
the riches of the Far East. (In fact, Columbus was so confident
of Darss
he carried a letter from Queen Isabella to be delivered to the
see
file
Emperor of China. This marked history's first known case of mail
getting lost on its way across America.) III
But if our modern history began with a search for earthly
treasure, it was a search for something more elusive that
actually gave birth to the United States. A search for freedom.
2
A search for justice and self-government. A search that produced
the Constitution of the United States.
In ancient China, the word "wisdom" was formed by a
combination of the ideograms for wind and lightning. Wind and
lightning. Years before the American Revolution, Benjamin
Webster's
Franklin lofted a kite upon the wind and seized lightning from
Biographies
the sky. At age 81, he did it again. For four sweltering months
in the summer of 1787, 55 delegates met in Philadelphia, debating
The almanac 1990
a wonderful, audacious, unsettling idea. Washington called the
p.616
Constitution "little short of a miracle." It was wisdom. Wind
men
admanac
89
and lightning. A nation inventing itself.
0.450
One of those 55 delegates was James Wilson, the son of a
Scottish farmer, and the Pennsylvania lawyer who shared
see
responsibility for writing the Constitution's first draft.
A
tile
fervent advocate of the sovereignty of the people, Wilson fought
for a strong national judiciary, and was one of the first to
envision the principle of judicial review. Today, Wilson's idea
stands as one of the cornerstones of our Republic -- and one of
America's greatest gifts to the world. III
Tomorrow morning, Justice David Souter -- sounds good,
doesn't it? assumes a distinguished seat on the Supreme Court.
It was first held by that very same James Wilson -- one of the
Del
five men that President George Washington first appointed to the
file
Supreme Court in 1789. His successor was Bushrod Washington, a
nephew of the President, soldier in the Revolutionary War, and
founding member of one of the many organizations that has recog-
who's who in the East
3
nized David Souter for his brilliant intellect -- Phi Beta Kappa.
Encyclopedia
34 years ago, this distinguished seat became open during the
presidency of one of my personal heroes -- Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Americana
And Ike filled that seat with a jurist who was to become one of
Del
the most personally beloved members of the Court: Justice
file
William Brennan. And in marking this moment of transition, let
me first -- on behalf of all Americans -- wish Justice Brennan a
most pleasant and active retirement. It is well-earned. \\\\
Like his predecessor, Justice Souter comes to the Court with
a distinguished record of judicial service. And I am grateful
that many of the fine judges with whom he has served are able to
be with us today.
During the recent hearings, Justice Souter clearly demon-
strated the superb education, training, and experience that grace
his record. But even more important, Justice Souter once again
demonstrated his life-long devotion to principle -- a simple,
strait-forward, and enduring principle -- a principle quite
familiar to Justice James Wilson and the other Framers of the
Constitution. And the principle is this: The role assigned to
judges in our system is to interpret the Constitution and lesser
laws -- not to make them.
And on this issue of principle, I also want to congratulate
the Judiciary Committee, and the full Senate, for the prompt and
faithful exercise of their own constitutional responsibilities.
By abiding by constitutional tradition -- by not insisting that a
nominee commit himself to any preordained outcomes or formula-
4
tions -- you enabled Justice Souter to fully inform the Senate as
to his qualifications and general interpretive principles, while
still abiding by the constraints needed to protect our tradition
of an independent judiciary. It marks a victory for excellence
over special interest politics, and let us hope it marks an end
to litmus tests.
Like many Americans, I was particularly moved by Judge
Souter's opening comments. "The first lesson," he said, "simple
see
file
as it is, is that whatever court we are in, whatever we are doing
hearings
at the end of our task some human being is going to be
transcript
affected, some human life is going to be changed by what we do.
9-13-90 And he added: And so "we had better use every power of our minds
and our hearts and our beings to get those rulings right.'
Now those are the sentiments of one very thoughtful and
caring man. Matched by his extraordinary talents, impeccable
integrity, and devotion to neutral principles, it promises that
Justice Souter will serve the Court and the country as a powerful
force for good. 1111
Just down the street, as the autumn twilight descends on
Washington, an underground vault holds America's founding papers,
the birth certificate of a Nation. Tomorrow morning the steel
doors will open, the display case rising up to a large, rather
ordinary room. And, like every morning, a long line of visitors
will touch their fingers gently to the glass. Inches below, the
paper is a deep yellow, but the writing is still strong and
distinct. "We the People of the United States
M
5
The Constitution is not just a symbol but an idea, the
world's greatest experiment in freedom and diversity. Four hand-
Fill
Breat
written pages that promise freedom and equality and justice. Un-
other nations, Americans cannot look to a common heritage of
culture or blood. Americans come from every corner of the world,
linked only by this, an idea, a nation that invented itself.
In just a few moments, we will all bear solemn witness to
the oath of office of America's newest Supreme Court Justice --
and so help begin a new journey, a rite of passage and renewal
that, with each generation, can breathe new life into an ancient
dream. And so let me conclude with Judge 4 Souter's own descrip-
transcipt
tion of the task ahead: It is "the responsibility to join with
of
loaring
eight other people, to make the promises of the Constitution a
9-13-90
reality for our time, and to preserve that Constitution for the
see
generations that will follow us after we are gone from here.
file
And now I will ask that Chief Justice William Rehnquist
administer the constitutional oath of office to Judge Souter.
Mr. Chief Justice.
#
#
#
BRENDAN-BRENNAN
503
ribed the visit in her
bren'dan, Saint ( died C. 583), Irish
BRENNAN, Francis (1894-1968), American car-
en i den nya världen
STENDAN, most famous of the many Irish saints
dinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was
r., Homes of the New
this name. He founded several mona-
born in Shenandoah, Pa., on May 7, 1894.
hampion Hertha Men's
but is most noted for the one at Clonfert,
Ordained in Rome in 1920, he graduated in the-
r novel 1856
Galway, where he was also abbot.
ology, then in Roman and canon law at the Apol-
out legislation advancing
County visit to St. Columba on the island of
linare faculty. He returned to Philadelphia in
1 Sweden. She
recorded in the 7th century life of
1924 and taught moral theology and canon law
1, 1865.
is by St. Adamnan, Irish monk and writer.
until his appointment to the Sacred Rota in
37; Eng. tr., The
these few details, however, nothing is
Rome (1940). (The Rota is a high court of
t (1839;
PUBLIC
with any certainty about Brendan be-
appeals with competence in all matters concern-
considered Miss
the extant sources, written long after
ing the ecclesiastical rights of individuals.) The
lled with
saint's death, are conflicting and filled with
first American dean of the Rota (1959-1967), he
Familjen H- (1829;
was raised to cardinal in 1967 by Pope Paul VI.
14) was the first realistic
ends. Reputed to be a great traveler, Brendan was
Cardinal Brennan also held the post of commis-
e. Miss
i; Eng. tr., 1844); En
aavigator-heral of a voluminous literature that
sioner of the Prefecture of the Holy See's Eco-
from the Life of Brendan
nomic Affairs and served as consultant to the
Diary, 1845); and Fader
arives Brendani) and the more famous Voyage of
Central Commission for the Second Vatican
Vita (Navigatio Brendani). The former de-
Council. He died in Philadelphia on July 2, 1968.
r's collected works
tr., Father and Daughter
rendan two voyages, one successful and one un-
ix volumes between 1868
anbes to an island to which Brendan was
BRENNAN, William Joseph, Jr. (1906-
),
915 and 1920.
ondence was issued in
sweeted ressful, a vision in order to live in seclusion
American judge, who became an associate justice
anchorite. The Navigatio, composed by an
of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1956. Although
ELIAS L. BREDSDOR
entury, tells that Brendan's goal was "the land
rishman an apparently in the first half of the 10th
he frequently voted to dispose of a case on nar-
University of Cambrid
row grounds, he undertook groundbreaking in-
the promise of the saints.' These tales are
novations on other occasions. Personally cordial
rã-mer-hä'fen, is a port
the state of
Christianized adaptations of pagan sagas of
and informal, he showed intense dedication and a
wages, which were very popular in Ireland.
meticulous thoroughness in his work that often
1) bank of
Navigatio was translated into several lan-
resulted in his writing lengthy opinions.
North Sea,
gages the and made Brendan one of the best known
The son of Irish immigrant parents, Brennan
Bremen. Vessels with
mints in the Middle Ages.
was born in Newark, N.J., on April 25, 1906.
le Weser River docks of
miles (74 km) upriver-
Mapmakers charted a St. Brendan's Isle in the
He attended the Newark public schools and re-
Atlantic Ocean as late as the 18th century. Even
ceived a bachelor's degree from the University
is Germany's largest
d industries and wholesal
more recently Brendan has been honored by some
of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business
the first discoverer of America. His feast day
in 1928 and a law degree from Harvard Univer-
ort area as well. There
May 16.
sity in 1931. Thereafter he practiced law in
nd repair shops in Bremer
JOHN F. BRODERICK, S.J.,
Newark (and as an Army officer, 1942-1945)
n has a school of navigation
Weston College, Mass.
until 1949, when he became a trial judge in the
ring, an institute for ocean
New Jersey superior court. Elevated to that
museum, and the North
BRENDEL, bren'dal, Karl Franz (1811-1868),
court's appellate division in 1951 and to the
German musicologist. He was born in Stolberg
New Jersey supreme court in 1952, he won
germeister (mayor) of Bren
Nov. 26, 1811, and studied at the univer-
recognition for his role in the nationwide drive
the larger ships of the future
sities of Leipzig and Berlin. In 1845 he became
to clear up court congestion and delays in litiga-
) use the Weser channel,
editor of the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, which
tion. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, a Re-
e of Bremerhaven by Bremes
had been founded in 1834 by Robert Schumann.
publican, appointed Brennan, a Democrat, to the
ion of the Old Harbor, which
During Brendel's tenure the journal championed
U.S. Supreme Court in 1956.
1. The new Harbor was fin-
Schumann and the "New German" musical re-
On the court in the 1960's, Brennan was in
cilities have been continually
form led by Liszt and Wagner.
the majority more often than any other justice,
en. The adjacent town
In 1846, Brendel joined the faculty of the
and he wrote many important majority opinions.
corporated into Bremerhaver
the city was destroyed
Leipzig Conservatory. In 1856 he founded a
Among these was Baker V. Carr (1962), a land-
because of the heavy use
second periodical, Anregungen für Kunst, Leben
mark case in which legislative apportionment was
und Wissenschaft, which began in 1859 to urge
opened to scrutiny by the federal courts. Bren-
States armed forces, it was
reconciliation between the conservative and
nan also wrote the historic decision in New York
oulation: (1983) 137,769.
"New German" schools. To this end Brendel
Times Co. V. Sullivan (1964), in which the court
A. G. STEER,
helped establish, in 1861, the Allgemeiner deut-
first imposed limitations on state libel laws,
Columbia University
scher Musikverein (German Music Union), and
holding that a public official cannot collect dam-
ages for published material relating to his official
l'ar-tan, is a port city
he served as its first president until his death, in
in Kitsap county. It is
Leipzig on Nov. 25, 1868. Brendel's works in-
conduct unless "actual malice" is proved. Among
d, 15 miles (24 km) south.
clude several studies in musical history, the most
his other free speech, press, and association
h which it is connected by
important being Geschichte der Musik in Italien,
opinions for the court, were most of the basic
Frankreich und Deutschland (1852).
opinions on the law of obscenity. A proponent of
und Naval Shipyard was
strong enforcement of the antitrust laws, he
on in 1891, and its shops and
BRENHAM, bren'em, is a city in south central
wrote such major antitrust opinions as those re-
nost important of the city's
Texas, the seat of Washington county, 72 miles
quiring du Pont to dispose of its General Motors
ctivities include lumbering
(116 km) northwest of Houston. The trade and
stock.
ying and poultry raising, and
shipping center for an agricultural area in the
Brennan wrote opinions making post-convic-
S, codfish, salmon, and hali-
Brazos Valley, it has cotton and cottonseed-oil
tion remedies widely available to state prisoners
ne seat of Olympic College,
nal institution. The city
mills and creameries. Other industries produce
and requiring the states to observe fully various
mattresses, springs, brooms, and furniture. There
criminal procedural guarantees of the Bill of
r.
med for William Bremer,
are oil fields nearby. The city is the seat of Blinn
Rights. On the other hand, he wrote majority
who platted the townsite in
College, a 2-year coeducational institution.
opinions interpreting some of these guarantees
blish the shipyard. Bremer
Settled in 1844, Brenham was partly burned
more restrictively than several justices advocated
during the Reconstruction era after the Civil
in dissent. Among his notable writings on re-
form of government. Popu-
War. It has a commission government. Popula-
ligious liberty is an extensive, scholarly opinion
tion: 10,966.
explaining his concurrence with the court's hold-
OCTOBER 12
american Book of Days
Stone's acceptance of the Holmes-Brandeis posi-
narrowly escaping death during a naval battle.
tion. Had Stone been a member of Congress, he
The young seaman made a number of voyages
would have worked vigorously to prevent the
under the Portuguese flag during the following
passage of the legislation in question, which was
years and visited England, the African Gold
the New Deal measure known as the Agricul-
Coast, the Madeira Islands, and the Azores. In
tural Adjustment Act. He upheld the statute,
1479 or 1480 he married Felipa de Perestrello,
saying: "While unconstitutional exercise of pow-
the daughter of the captain of Porto Santo, one
er by the executive and legislative branches of
of the Madeiras.
the Government is subject to judicial restraint,
Unfortunately, Portugal failed to offer Colum-
the only check upon our own exercise of power
bus support for his most daring venture. Like
is our own sense of restraint."
many mariners of his time, Columbus dreamed
In 1937 several of the more conservative jus-
of gaining fame and wealth by finding a water
tices retired from the Supreme Court, and Presi-
route to the Orient. In 1484 he asked King João
dent Franklin D. Roosevelt selected liberals to
II of Portugal to provide financial backing for
fill the vacated positions. This change in the
his plan to reach the East Indies by sailing west.
Court's membership resulted in a corresponding
The king refused.
change in its rulings. Post-1937 decisions re-
Most educated persons of the 15th century
versed previous opinions, and the majority of the
believed the earth to be round and accepted
Court after that date accepted many of the posi-
Columbus's plan as theoretically possible. Never-
tions that Holmes, Brandeis, Stone, and Cardozo
theless, the best geographers correctly calcu-
had taken in their earlier dissents.
lated that 10,000 miles lay between Europe and
When Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes re-
the East Indies, and few were convinced that
tired in 1941, President Roosevelt named Stone
ships could successfully complete so arduous a
as his successor. Stone served five years in this
voyage. Columbus disagreed, claiming that only
office. He was delivering a dissenting opinion in
2,400 miles separated the continents, and his
the case of Girouard v. the United States when
gross underestimation was the source of much
he became fatally ill. He died on April 22, 1946,
of his self-confidence and courage.
in Washington, D.C.
For years Columbus was unable to obtain
financial support for his adventurous undertak-
ing. Then, in 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen
OCTOBER
Isabella of Spain agreed to sponsor his voyage.
The Spanish monarchs met all of Columbus's de-
Columbus Day
mands: they provided him with three ships,
named him Admiral of the Ocean Sea, and ap-
This is a movable event. See note on page xxvi.
pointed him viceroy of any territory he might
discover. On August 3, 1492, Columbus and his
The identity of the first Europeans to visit the
90-member crew sailed from Palos, Spain,
shores of America is uncertain. The Irish may
aboard the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa María.
have reached what is now Canada in the 9th or
They carried with them a letter from Ferdinand
10th century, and two Norse sagas report that
and Isabella addressed to the Grand Khan of
Leif Ericson (see October 9), son of Eric the Red,
China.
reached Vinland, an area of wild grapes and self-
Columbus's transatlantic crossing was rela-
sown wheat located west of Greenland, about
tively easy. From Spain his three ships sailed to
1000 A.D. But if the Irish or the Norse were the
the Canary Islands, off the coast of Africa. There
first Europeans to set foot in the Americas,
they took on additional provisions and on Sep-
neither had any lasting impact on the land or its
tember 6 began their voyage west. At first the
natives. It was only with the voyage of Chris-
northeast trade winds wafted the caravels brisk-
topher Columbus in 1492 that effective Euro-
ly along, but then unfavorable breezes and
pean exploration and colonization of the New
calms slowed their progress. For more than a
World commenced.
month the vessels sailed, almost 2,700 miles,
Little is known about the commander of the
without sighting land. The sailors became mu-
momentous 1492 expedition. Most historians be-
tinous, and in early October they tried to per-
lieve Christopher Columbus, or, in Italian, Chris-
suade Columbus to turn back. The commander
toforo Colombo, was born in Genoa in 1451. His
remained steadfast, vowing that he would con-
father, Domenico Colombo, was a weaver, and
tinue the voyage until, with God's help, he found
the future navigator may have followed his
the Indies.
father's trade during his youth. He very likely
The expedition maintained its westward
went to sea sometime around 1472.
course, and within a few days Columbus believed
Columbus arrived in Portugal in 1476 after
he had accomplished his purpose. At 2:00 A.M.
918
an
award.
1989.
Mem.
1972. Tchr. Canarsie High Sch., Bklyn., 1971-72; instr. art U. Mass.,
Keene 20 Central Sq Keene NH 03431
Music Critics Assn., Pi Kappa Lambda. Mu Phi Epsilon
Found., nat. chmn. Sterling Staff Concert Series, citation 1968).
Boston. 1972-73: with Art Inst. Boston. assoc. prof., tchr.
West End Ave New York NY 10023
Leventhal Sidman Jewish Community Ctr. of Greater Boston. Newton.
SOUHAM, GÉRARD, communications executive: b. Paris. May 30. 1928:
Mass., craft room dir. Striar Jewish Community Ctr., cons.
Lucien and (Husson) m. Eliane Meyrat. June 23. 1951:
artist Internat. Inst. for Visually Impaired, Newton. 1983-86. Two person
children: Glenn (dec.), Yan. Philip. Diploma, Am. Community Sch., Paris,
ALAN JAY, financial services counselor: b. Hutchinson, Kans.,
shows include Boston Young Adult Ctr., 1984, Rose Warner Gallery, Cin.,
1948; cert., Ecole Commerciale de Paris. Chargé de mission State Dept.,
141: S. Jacob Nelson and Aline A. (Burge) S.: m. Deanna Lea
1986; exhibited in group shows at Starr Gallery, Newton. Mass., 1984, 87.
26, 1980: child. Elizabeth Beret. BA. Coll. Wooster. 1963;
Europe, 1950-52: pub. info. officer Allied Air Forces NATO, Fontainebleau,
Boston Young Adult Ctr., 1987, numerous others: represented in numerous
1953-55; chmn. bd., chief exec. officer J. Walter Thompson. Paris, 1955-75;
1966; MBA, Fordham U., 1985. Asst. pastor First Presbyn.
pub. and pvt. collections: contbg. artist Lilith Mag., 1985. Mem. West
v.p. Walter Thompson. prin. SC3 Gerard Souham Group
town. N.Y., 1966-69; pastor Trinity Presbyn. Ch., 1970-
Roxbury Art Assn. (past West Roxbury Hist. Soc. Democrat. Jewish.
Communication Cos., Paris and Lausanne. Switzerland. 1975-
sing exec. Presbyn. Ch. (USA), 1974-84; pres. Religion in
Home: 61 Perham St Boston MA Office: Art Inst Boston 700 Beacon
bd. dirs. Am. Oversees Meml. Author: Général Souham Comte de
Inc., N.Y.C., 1985-87, fin. SVCS. counselor, parish assoc.
Ch.,
1987-
Author:
Lives
1989;
St Boston MA 02115
l'Empire, 1964, Impressions 1970. Souham, 1989, Sur les Chambs de
in
Presbyn. Together We Care, 1981, Abound in Hope, 1983; producer: (film)
Progress,
Bataille de la Révolution et de l'Empire, 1990. Mem. pvt. sector internat.,
the Gift, 1982, Claimed by God's Grace, 1984. Class sec. Yale
SOROURI, PARVIZ, gastroenterologist; b. Tehran, Iran. Feb. 14, 1929;
pub. relations coms. USIA, 1984, world bd. govs. USO Washington, 1984;
Mohammad and Malekeh (Edalat) S.: m. Sally Elaine Simounet, June 22,
bd. dirs. Paris council USO, 1971. Decorated Knight of Legion of Honor
New Haven, Conn., 1988-. Fellow, Rockefeller Bros. Found.,
1957; children: Bijan, Kayvan, Andria. AB, Temple 1951; MS, Pa.,
(France); Officer Order of Leopold (Belgium), Knight of Belgian Crown.
m. Nat. Assn. Life Underwriters. Presbytery of Wooster
Mem. Internat. Advt. Assn. (v.p. pub. SVC., bd. dirs.), Pub. Relations News
(pres. 1973-75, 77). Presbyterian. Home: 70 La Salle St New
1953; MD, George Washington U., 1957. Intern Charity Hosp., New
10027 Office: 27 E 39th St 3d FL New York NY 10016
Orleans. 1958; resident in internal medicine Henry Ford Hosp., Detroit,
Adv. Bd., French Advt. Council, Internat. Inst. Strategic Studies, France
1961; resident in gastroenterology Pa. Grad. Hosp., Phila., 1962; prof.
USA (bd. dirs.), Am. Overseas Meml. Assn. (bd. dirs. 1988-). Roman
medicine Nat. U., Tehran. Iran, 1962-79, chmn. dept. medicine, 1970-79.
Catholic. Clubs: HM Guards Polo (Windsor, Eng.) (life); Polo de Bagatelle
EN, KELD, biochemist; b. Copenhagen, Denmark, June 5, 1953;
1987; Alf and Karin (Bendtsen) m. Susan Linda Hom,
chief div. gastroenterology, 1972-79, vice chancellor, 1977-79, dean sch.
(Paris); N.Y. Athletic; Yacht of Monaco. Office: S3C Gerard Souham
80; child. Kasper. PhD, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1980.
medicine, 1978-79; practice medicine specializing in gastroenterology
Group Communication Cos 500 Fifth Ave New York NY 10036
SSOC. Bern, Switzerland, 1980-82; postdoctoral researcher Tex.
Newark, Del., chmn. research com. Med. Ctr. of Del., Wilmington,
Temple, 1982-83; asst. prof. Bern, 1983-87; dir. biochemistry
1982-86; chmn. program and library com. St. Francis Hosp., Wilmington.
SOULE, DAVID CONDER, urban planning executive; b. Washington, Dec.
adv. to Minister of Health, Tehran, 1970-78, to Prime Minister,
31, 1946: George H. and Jean (Conder) Rita Annette Godbout, June
nology NTD Labs., Carle Place, N.Y., 1987- Editorial bd.
1970-78. Author: (book) Gastrointestinal Cancer, 1983. Felsen fellow, U.
24, 1968; children: Richard, Joseph, Amy Jeanne. BA, Trinity Coll.,
emica Acta, Glasgow, referee several sci. jours.; contbr.
Pa., 1952. Fellow Backus Internat. Soc. Gastroenterology; mem. AMA.
Hartford, Conn., 1968; postgrad., So. Conn. U., 1971-73, Northeastern U.,
profl. jours.; patentee in field. Mem. Acad. Sci., Danish Soc.
istry, Am. Assn. Clin. Chemistry. Unitarian Universalist. Home:
Republican. Moslem. Club: Hercules Country (Wilmington). Lodges:
Boston, 1990. Caseworker Conn. Dept. Pub. Welfare, Hartford, 1968-69;
Ave Dix Hills NY 11746 Office: NTD Labs Old Country Rd
Lions, Rotary (Wilmington). Home: 900 Hillside Rd Wilmington DE 19807
planner Conn. Dept. Community Affairs, Hartford, 1969-71; dep., planning
Office: Darwin Profl Ctr 10 Darwin Dr Newark DE 19711
dir. Capitol Region Coun. Govts., Hartford. 1971-80; exec. dir. Nashua
NY 11514
(N.H.)
Regional
Planning
Commn.,
1980-86,
Met.
Area
Planning
Coun.,
EN, MEREDITH JEAN, educator; b. Penn Yan, N.Y., May 23,
SORREL, WILLIAM EDWIN, psychiatrist, educator, psychoanalyst; b.
Boston, cons. N.E. Consulting Svcs., Inc., Manchester, N.H., 1985-
Cenneth Edwin and Mary (Raiman) S. BA, Ottawa (Kans.) U.,
May 27, Simon and Lee (Lesenger) Rita Marcus, July
86. Recipient Regional Leadership award New Eng. Regional Coun., 1985.
1950; children: Ellyn Gail, Joy Shelley, Beth Mara. BS, NYU, 1932; MA,
Mem. Am. Planners Assn. (bd. dirs. N.H. chpt. 1983-84), Internat. City
No. Mich. U., 1976; postgrad., New Zealand Whole Lang.
Program, Hamilton, summer 1989. Cert. elem. tchr., elem. sch.
Columbia 1934, MD, 1939; PhD, NYU, 1963. Diplomate Am. Bd. Med.
Mgmt. Assn.
Rochester (N.Y.) City Schs., 1962-63, Penfield (N.Y.) Cen. Sch.,
Psychotherapists; qualified psychiatrist, also cert.examiner N.Y. State Dept.
Marion
(N.Y.)
Cen.
Sch.,
Vol.
(correctional
facility)
In-
Mental Hygiene. Intern Madison (Tenn.) Sanitarium and Hosp., 1939; re-
SOULE, JEFFREY LYN, urban planner, consultant; b. Watertown, N.Y.,
1970-83, vis. dir., 1982-; bd. dirs. Ottawa U., 1970-74;
sident physician Alexian Bros. Hosp., St. Louis, 1940; officer instrn. St.
Apr. 8, 1953; Robert William and Melva (Howe) S. BA cum laude,
State Legis. Adv. Com., Albany, bd. dirs. Fairport Apts.
Louis Sch. Medicine, 1940-41; asst. psychiatrist Central State Hosp.,
Colgate 1975; M in City and Regional Planning, Harvard 1978. Sr.
zens, founder Swinging Singles Western Sq. Dance Club,
Nashville, 1941; assoc. psychiatrist Eastern State Hosp., Knoxville, 1942-44;
resource planner N.Y. State Commn. on Tug Hill, Watertown, 1978-80; rural
1967. Named one of Outstanding Young Women Am., 1971.
assoc. attending neuropsychiatrist, chief clin. psychiatry Jewish Meml. Hosp.,
devel. specialist USDA, 1980-82; policy analyst office of rural devel. USDA,
Federated Tchrs., N.Y. State United Tchrs., Marion Tchrs. Assn.
N.Y.C., 1946-59; assoc. attending neuropsychiatrist, chief clin. child psychi-
Washington, 1982-84, policy coord., 1984-86, employee devel. specialist, spl.
air legis. com. social and sunshine com., chair negotiations com.),
atry Lebanon Hosp., Bronx, 1947-65; Psychiatry
projects mgr., 1986-87; leadership coord. Nat. Endowment Arts Design Div.,
Reading Assn., N.Y. State Reading Assn., Genesee Valley Devel.
Clinic, Yeshiva U., 1950-66, asst. prof. psychiatry, 1952-54, assoc. prof.,
Washington, phys. planning coord. Park Heights Community Corp.,
Group, Assn. for Supervision and Curriculum Devel., Phi Delta
1954-58, prof., 1959-62, psychiatrist-in-chief, assoc. dir. Psychol. Center,,
Balt., 1986-87; leader Planner Cert. Tng. Program, Washington, 1986; mem.
laptist. Club: Danish Sisterhood (Penn Yan). Office: Marion Cen
1957-67; prof. human behavior Touro 1974-90; attending psychiatrist St.
faculty Mayor's Inst. for City Deisgn, Washington, 1989; lectr. on urban
N Main St Marion NY 14505
Clare's Hosp., 1983-; asst. prof. clin. psychiatry Albert Einstein
design. Contbg. author: Design Competitions for Public Facilities, 1989;
Coll. Medicine, psychiat. SSS, 1951, N.Y. State Workmens
contbr. articles to profl. jours. Camp counselor, bd. dir. United Meth. Ch.
Compensation Bd., Med. Ctr., vis. psychia-
No. N.Y. Conf., 1974-80; alumni rep. Colgate U., 1976-; mem. Sandy
EN, OVE, electronics executive; b. Aarhus, Denmark, Dec. 3,
trist Fordham Hosp., 1951; attending neuropsychiatrist, chief mental
Creek (N.Y.) Regional Planning Bd., 1978-80; mem. organizing com. Mid-
to U.S., 1975; Jorgen and Dagmar m.
hygiene SVC. Hosp., 1950-60; assoc. attending neuropsychiatrist
Atlantic Planning Conf., Washington and Md., 1985, 87, 88. N.Y. State
Marie King, July 2, 1978; children: Carsten, Merete, Chiara,
Grand Central Hosp., 1958-66, Morrisania Hosp., 1959-72; psychiatrist-in-
Regents scholar, 1971; named one of Outstanding Young Men in Am., 1982.
EE. Air Force Acad., 1973. Quality assurance mgr. Oticon Corp.,
chief Beth Abraham Hosp., 1954-60; psychiat. cons. Guidance Ctr.,
Mem. Am. Inst. Cert. Planners, Am. Planning Assn. (profl. devel. officer
J., 1975-79; dir. engring. Chatlos Systems, Whippany, N.J., 1979-
1955-60, Daytop Village, 1970-71; assoc. psychiatrist Seton City Hosp.,
Md. chpt. 1986-88), Beta Theta Pi. Office: Nat Endowment Arts Design Div
level. engring. N.Y.C. Offtrack Betting, 1981-83; dir. engring.
1955; guest lectr. U. London, 1947; vis. prof. Jerusalem, Israel Acad. Med.,
1100 Pennsylvania Ave Washington DC 20506
lorsham, Pa., 1983-85; owner Scandesign Electronics, Pipersville,
1960, Hebrew 1960; mem. psychiat. staff Gracie Sq. Hosp., 1960-; chief
Mem. Danish Bro. (Bensalem, Pa.), Vasa Order (Sterling, N.J.),
psychiatry Trafalgar Hosp., 1962-72; vis. prof. psychiatry Tokyo Sch.
SOULE, MARGARET MILLER, librarian, educator; b. Elkhart, Ind., Aug.
inne.
Medicine, 1964; prof. N.Y. Inst. Tech., 1968; vis. lectr. in psychiatry
31, 1951; d. Hugh Archibald and Claire (Putz) Miller; m. Paul G. Thibeault,
N.Y. U., 1971-73; Am. del. Internat. Conf. Mental Health, London, 1948;
Dec. 27, 1975 (div. 1980); m. Morton Gilmore Soule, Mar. 2, 1985; child,
EN, ROBERT C., marketing executive, educator; b. Lincoln,
mem. Am. Psychiat. Commn. to USSR, Poland and Finland, 1963, Empire
Mary June. BA, Bowdoin Coll., Brunswick, Maine, 1973; MLS, Simmons
1923; Christian Abraham and Annis Sarah (Chaikin)
State Med., Sci. and Ednl. Found. Author: booklets Neurosis in a Child,
Coll., Boston, 1976. Dir. Sanford (Maine) Goodall Library, 1976-77; chil-
Joyce Mattson, Sept. 11, 1943; children: Robert C.A., Katherine
1949, A Psychiatric Viewpoint on Child Adoption, 1954, Shock Therapy
dren's librarian Lewiston (Maine) Pub. Library, 1977-80; bookmobile coor-
Student, Nebr., 1940-42, Northwestern U., 1942-43; AB,
Psychiatric Practice, 1957, The Genesis of Neurosis, 1958, The Prejudiced
dinator Maine State Library, Augusta, 1980; coordinator children's and
1944, MA, 1948, PhD, 1954. Field examiner Chgo. regional office
Personality, 1962, The Schizophrenic Process, 1962, The Prognosis of Elec-
young adult SVCS. Portland (Maine) Pub. Library, 1980-86; sch. librarian
945-46; indsl. rels. dir. Scott Radio Labs., Chgo., 1946-48; dir.
troshock Therapy Success, 1963, Psychodynamic Effects of Abortion, 1967,
Westbrook (Maine) Jr. High Sch., 1986-87; instr. U. So. Maine, Gorham,
liv. John Marshall Law Sch., Chgo., 1947-48; asst. prof. law U.
Violence Towards Self, 1971, Basic Concepts of Transference in Psychoanal-
1988-89;
coord.
for
sch.
libr.
survey
Maine
State
Libr.,
Portland,
1989-
II. Law, Lincoln, 1948-52; ops. analyst Ops. Rsch. Office, Johns
ysis, 1973, A Study in Suicide, 1972, Masochism, 1973, Emotional Factors
Mem. Maine Libr. Assn. (coord. Maine Storytelling Festival 1982-84, head
U., Chevy Chase, Md., 1952-54; dir. audience analysis dept. Radio
Involved in Skeletal Deformities, 1977, Cults & Cult Suicide, 1979; contbr.
children's SVCS. div. 1980-81), Maine Ednl. Media Assn., LWV (bd. dirs.
pe, Munich, 1954-59; dir. rsch. This Week Mag., 1959-61;
articles on the psychoses. Vice pres. Golden Years Found.; chmn.
1981-83, study leader 1987-). Democrat. Mem. United Ch. of
rsch. D'arcy Advt. Co., N.Y.C., 1961-65; exec. dir. Ctr. for Ad-
Com. Med. Standards in Psychiatry, 1952-54. Recipient Sir William Osler
Christ. Home: 70 Presumpscot St Portland ME 04103
ractice, Inc., 1965-67; pub. Psychology
Internat. Honor Med. Soc. Gold Key; 3d prize oil paintings N.Y. State Med.
ag., 1967-68; pres. Robert C. Sorensen & Assocs. Inc.,
Art Exhibit, 1954; NYU Founders Day award, 1963; Presdl. Achievement
1968-85, Sorensen Corp., v.p., dir.
award, 1984; others. Fellow Am. Psychiat. Assn. (life, pres. Bronx dist.
SOULS, THOMAS JOHN, engineering company executive; b. Manchester,
rner Communications Inc., N.Y.C., 1972-74; prof. mktg. Grad. and
1960-61, other offices, Gold medal 1974), Am. Assn. Psychoanalytic
May 31, 1930; Thomas John and Dorothy (Stionge) Kathleen
d. Sch. Bus. Adminstrn., Rider Coll., Lawrenceville, N.J.,
Physicians (pres. 1971-72, gov. 1972-90); mem. AMA, Eastern Psychiat.
Geneiveve Martinson, Dec 14, 1932; children: Thomas E., James M.,
Rsch. Assn., N.Y. State Soc. Med. Rsch., Am. Med. Writers Assn., N.Y.
Rosemarie Norcross, Jean Marie Lamothe. BSCE, U. R.I., 1953, MSCE,
pert witness in intellectual property and Anti-trust. Author:
State, N.Y. County Med. Socs., N.Y. Soc. for Clin. Psychiatry, Pan Am.
1957. Registered profl. engr., R.I. Engr. City of Warwick (R.I.), 1950-52;
it Sexuality Contemporary America. 1973, (with Viggo Morten-
Med. Assn. (various offices including pres. 1989-), Assn. for Advancement
structural engr. Jenks & Ballou, cons. engrs., Providence, 1955-60; chief
Will and Determinism, 1987; assoc. editor: Zygon: Jour. of Reli-
Sci.; contbr. articles to profl. jours. councilor Inst. on Reli-
Psychotherapy, Bronx Soc. Neurology and Psychotherapy (pres. 1960-61,
engring. Bowerman Bros. Inc., Providence, 1960-83; pres. Thomas Souls &
Age of Sci.; chmn. Scandinavian Semimar, Inc.; bd. dirs. Foster
Silver medal 1970), others. Home: 23 Meadow Rd Scarsdale NY 10583
Assocs., Inc., East Greenwich, R.I., maj. ops. officer CE, Nat.
lan Internat., Foster Parents Plan U.S., Scandinavian Seminar Coll.
Office: 263 West End Ave New York NY 10023
Guard, Providence, 1955-64. Trustee East Greenwich Free Library, 1974-80;
chmn. East Greenwich Devel. Commn., 1974-78; chmn. East Greenwich
gen). Recipient UN award for civilian work in Korea, 1953. Mem.
Indsl. Performance Commn., 1974-78. Maj. CE, U.S. Army, 1953-64. Mem.
tsch. Coun., Am. Sociol. Assn., Am. Assn. for the Advancement
SOTERIADES, MICHAEL COSMAS, civil engineering educator; b. Is-
ASCE, Am. Concrete Inst., Am. Constrn. Specification Inst., Concrete
Polit. Sci. Assn., Am. Assn. Pub. Opinion Rsch., Am. Mktg.
tambul, Turkey, Mar. 25, 1923; came to U.S. 1952; Cosmas S. and Evouli
Reinforcing Steel Inst., Nat. Fire Protection Inst. Roman Catholic. Home:
S. Trademark Assn., Univ. Club. Democrat. Unitarian. Address:
(Tsaoussoglu) m. Rose Marie Rentroia, Nov. 30, 1928. Civil engring.
19 Chestnut Dr East Greenwich 02818 Office: Thomas Souls & Assocs
Id St New York NY 10021
diploma, Athens (Greece) Nat. Tech. U., 1948, D Engring., 1952; ScD, MIT,
19 Chestnut Dr East Greenwich RI 02818
1954. Registered profl. civil engr. Research asst. MIT, Cambridge, 1953-54;
STEPHEN MICHAEL, lawyer, consultant; b. Newark, May 2,
asst. engr. A. Woolf & Assocs., Boston, 1952-56; chief structural engr.
SOUSA, JOAN ANN, elementary education educator; b. Providence, June
Louis and Felice (Hoch) S.; m. Karen Ann Maris, Mar. 17,
Universal Engring. Corp., Boston, 1956-58; v.p., treas. Doxiadis Assocs.,
21, 1949; John Joseph and Jennie Evelyn (Colaluca) Cardi; m. John David
Yale U., 1971; JD, George Washington U., 1976. Bar: Md. 1976,
Washington and Athens, 1958-61; prof. civil engring. Cath. Am., Wash-
Sousa, Nov. 18, 1973; children: Jonathan David, Darren Jerard. BA magna
7, U.S. Dist. Ct. D.C. 1977, U.S. Claims Ct. 1977, U.S. Supreme Ct.
ington, 1961-, chmn. dept., 1975-81. Author: (in Greek) Aseismic Design-
cum laude, Roger Williams Coll., 1971; MEd, Providence Coll., 1982; post-
tty., advisor GAO, Washington, 1976-80; sr. atty. EPA, Wash-
Construction, 1956. 2d Greek Army, 1948-52. Fellow ASCE; mem. Am.
980-83; mgr. govt. contracts and grants, nat. coord. privatization&
Concrete Inst., Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Kappa. Home: 3380 Stephenson PI NW
grad., Nova U., 1986-. Elem. tchr. Bristol (R.I.) Pub. Schs., 1971-80,
coord. gifted and talented edn., 1980-87; prin. elem. East Greenwich (R.I.)
ture SVCS. Touche Ross & Co., Washington, 1983-86; dep. gen.
Washington DC 20015 Office: Cath Am Washington DC 20064
Pub.
Schs.,
mem.
adv.
coun.
young
women
in
sci.
R.I.
State
Dept.
AAI Corp., Balt., 1986-; v.p. Privatization Council,
Edn., chair commr.'s adv. coun. on gifted and talented edn. City of Pro-
Author: (with others) Federal Grant Law, 1979, Privatization, 1988;
SOTHERLAND, DONALD LEROY, postal service administrator; b. Troy,
vidence, joint com. on articulation, Providence, 1983-86;
gal newsletter Forum, 1982-83; contbr. articles to legal jours.
ireater Colesville Citizens Assn., Silver Spring, Md., 1982-84. Mem.
Ohio, Apr. 15, 1928; Ralph Elwood and Mary Isabelle (Rhynard) m.
cons. Ponnagansett Schs., 1986, Johnston (R.I.) Pub. Schs., 1989. Co-
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author: Characteristics and Identification of Gifted and Talented Students,
st chmn. fed. grants and contracts com. 1981-82, vice chair environ.
m. Fed. Bar Assn. (chmn. fed. grants com. 1982-, bd.
oy. Student, Miami-Jacobs Coll., Dayton, Ohio, 1947; MS in Mgmt., Ren-
3d edit., 1988, Curriculum Design and Development for Gifted Talented
sselaer Poly. Inst., 1973. CPA, Ariz., Ohio. Prin. Sotherland Pub. Acctg.,
Students, 3d edit., 1988. Tour guide, Women Infants Hosp., Pro-
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Troy, 1949-51, 56-67, Sotherland Plumbing, Heating Cooling, Troy,
vidence, bd. trustees Community Coll. R.I., Warwick; judge Acad.
Home: 428 Corona PI Silver Spring MD 20905 Office: AAI Corp
1956-64; controller Piqua (Ohio) Steel Co., 1964-67; sr. subcontract auditor
Decathlon of 1985- Mem. Nat. Assn. Elem. Sch. Prins., R.I. Assn.
126 Hunt Valley MD 21030-0126
Hughes Aircraft Co., Tucson, Ariz., 1967-68; sr. fin. analyst Pratt & Whitney
Sch. Prins., State Advocates for Gifted Edn. (v.p. 1983-85). Roman
Aircraft Co., East Hartford, Conn., 1968-72; gen. mgr. Kohn Display and
Catholic. Home: 151 Catlin Ave Rumford RI 02916 Office: East Greenwich
J. MICHAEL ROBERT, sales and marketing executive; b. N.Y.C.,
Woodworking Co., Hartford, Conn., 1972-74; dir. fin. N.Y. bulk and fgn.
Pub Schs Frenchtown Rd Frenchtown Sch East Greenwich RI 02818
1944; Robert and Irma (Shaefitz) Elena Maxine Weintraub,
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1947 (dec. Aug. 1977); m. Barbara Anne Harris, Oct. 17, 1987;
U.S. Postal Svc., 1980-86; dir. fin. U.S. Postal Svc., Hackensack,
SOUTER,
DAVID
HACKETT,
state
judge;
b.
Melrose,
Mass.,
Sept.
17,
Eric Jason, Brian Wayne. BS, 1966. Programmer Schenley
N.J., 1986-88, Paterson. N.J., 1988- Staff sgt. USAF, 1951-55. Mem.
1939; Joseph Alexander and Helen Adams (Hackett) BA, Harvard U.,
S, N.Y.C., 1967-70; regional mktg. mgr. IBM, 1970-82; dir.
AICPA, Ariz. Soc. CPAs, Masons. Home: 420 Kinderkamack Rd River
1961, LLB, 1966; Rhodes scholar, Oxford U., 1961-63, MA, 1989. Bar:
Morristown, N.J., 1982-87; sr. v.p. The Ultimate Corp., E. Hanover,
Edge NJ Office: US Postal Svc 194 Ward St Paterson NJ 07510-
N.H. Assoc. firm Orr & Reno, Concord, 1966-68; asst. atty. gen. N.H.
37-89; exec. v.p. Forrester Results, Inc., Morristown, N.J., 1989
9995
1968-71 dep. atty. gen., 1971-76 atty. gen., 1976-78 assoc. justice
orristownship Homeowners Assn., Morristown, 1985- Mem. Am.
Superior Ct. N.H., 1978-83, N.H. Supreme Ct., 1983-90; judge U.S. Ct.
Assn., Sales Execs. Club N.Y. Home: 15 Ketch Rd Morristown NJ
SOTOS, HERCULES PETER, manufacturing company executive; b.
Appeals (1st cir.) 1990-. Trustee Concord Hosp., 1973-85, pres. bd.
Salonica, Greece, Apr. 14, 1933; came to U.S., 1946; Peter Hercules and
trustees, 1978-84; bd. overseers Dartmouth Med. Sch., 1981-87. Mem. Am.
Fotini (Drapelis) Mary M. Yiotis, Mar. 9, 1959;
Bar Assn., N.H. Bar Assn., N.H. Hist. Soc. (v.p. 1980-85, trustee 1976-85),
HEYE, GABRIEL EUSTACE, accountant; b. Sapele, Nigeria, May
Peter, Christina. B.S., NYU, 1962; grad. Advanced Mgmt. Program,,
Phi Beta Kappa. Republican. Episcopalian. Home: 34 Cilley Hill Rd Weare
came to U.S., 1971; S. Edward A. and Itserure (Ekuvero) S.; m.
Harvard U., 1978. Dir. internat. fin. AMF, Inc., 1957-67; sr. fin. analyst
NH 03281 Office: PO Box 2339 Concord NH 03301
Albertha Ruffin, Apr. 15, 1978; children: Lori, Staci. BS, Providence
Grace
&
Co.,
1967-68;
controller
internat.
div.
Internat.
Playtex,
Inc.,
76; MBA, Bryant Coll., 1979. Cost acct. Cuno div. AMF, Meriden,
Stamford, Conn., 1968-70; corp. controller B.V.D. Internat. Playtex, Inc.,
SOUTH, FRANK EDWIN, physiologist, educator; b. Norfolk, Nebr., Sept.
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ovidence RI 02914 Office: EG&G Inc 45 William St Wellesley MA
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marine mammals, artificial atmospheres, and sleep to profl. jours. Bd. dirs.
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9/13/90
93
1
TESTIMONY OF THE HONORABLE DAVID H. SOUTER, TO BE
2
ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT
3
Judge Souter. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I probably
4
should begin by asking you if you can hear me as well as I
5
can hear you.
6
The Chairman. Yes, we can, Judge.
7
Judge Souter. Mr. Chairman, Senator Thurmond, and other
8
members of the committee, as you know, I did not ask to make
9
a formal and pre-prepared statement, but I would like to
10
accept your invitation to say a few words before our dialogue
11
together does begin.
12
I would like to start maybe in a very obvious way simply
13
by saying thanks for some things, to begin with, to thank
14
every member of this committee who, in the waning and the very
15
hectic days that you went through prior to the summer recess,
16
nonetheless found some time to see me when I came by to meet
17
you, in most cases for the first time. I was grateful for
18
the reception and the courtesy that every one of you gave to
19
me.
20
Equally obviously, I would like simply to say here what
21
I have already said privately this morning, or at least
22
quietly this morning, in thanking both Senator Humphrey and
23
Senator Rudman for their generosity to me in their introduc-
24
tion and their sponsorship of me before you. And I will have
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to continue, as I have been trying to do for the past seven
hington. D.C. 20002
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1
bear on the kind of judge that I am and the kind of judge
2
that I can be expected to be.
3
I think you know that I spent most of my boyhood in a
4
small town in New Hampshire--Weare New Hampshire. It was
5
town large in geography, small in population. The physical
6
space, the open space between people, however, was not mat
7
by the interspace between them because, as everybody knows
8
who has lived in a small town, there is a closeness of people
9
in a small town which is unattainable anywhere else. There
10
was in that town no section or place or neighborhood that was
11
determined by anybody's occupation or by anybody's bank
12
balance. Everybody knew everybody else's business, or at
13
least thought they did. And we were, in a very true sense,
14
intimately aware of other lives. We were aware of lives that
15
were easy, and we were aware of lives that were very hard.
16
Another thing that we were aware of in that place was
17
the responsibility of people to govern themselves. It was a
18
responsibility that they owed to themselves, and it was a
19
responsibility that they owed and owe to their neighbors. I
20
first learned about that or I first learned the practicalities
21
of that when I used to go over to the town hall in Weare, New
22
Hampshire, on Town Meeting Day. I would sit in the benches
23
in the back of the town hall after school, and that is where
24
I began my lessons in practical government.
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As I think you know, I went to high school in Concord,
hangton. 111. 20002
Homour
96
1
New Hampshire, which is a bigger place, and I went on from
2
there to college and to study law in Cambridge, Massachu-
3
setts, and Oxford, England, which are bigger places still.
4
And after I had finished law school, I came back to New
5
Hampshire, and I began the practice law. And I think
6
probably it is fair to say that I resumed the study of
7
practical government.
8
I went to work for a law firm in Concord, New Hampshire,
9
and I practiced there for several years. I then became, as I
10
think you know, an assistant attorney general in the criminal
11
division of that office. I was then lucky to be deputy
12
attorney general to Warren Rudman, and I succeeded him as
13
attorney general in 1976.
14
The experience of government, though, did not wait until
15
the day came that I entered public as opposed to private law
16
practice; because although in those years of private practice
17
I served the private clients of the firm, I also did something
18
in those days which was very common then. Perhaps it is less
19
common today-- I know it is--but it was an accepted part of
20
private practice in those days to take on a fair share of
21
representation of clients who did not have the money to pay.
22
I remember very well the first day that I ever spent by
23
myself in a courtroom. I spent in a courtroom representing a
24
woman whose personal life had become such a shambles that the
MILLER REPORTING CO., INC.
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had lost the custody of her children, and she was trying to
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1
-
get them back. She was not the last of such clients. I
2
represented clients with domestic relations problems who
3
lived sometimes, it seemed to me, in appalling circumstance
4
I can remember representing a client who was trying to pull
5
her life together after being evicted because she couldn't
6
pay the rent.
7
Although cases like that were not the cases upon which
8
the firm paid the rent, those were not remarkable cases for
9
lawyers in private practice in those days before govern-
10
mentally funded legal services. And they were the cases that
11
we took at that time because taking them was the only way to
12
make good on the supposedly open door of our courts to the
13
people who needed to get inside and to get what courts had to
14
offer through the justice system.
15
I think it is fair to say--I am glad it is fair to say--
16
that even today, with so much governmentally funded legal
17
service, there are lawyers in private practice in our
18
profession who are doing the same thing.
19
As you know, I did go on to public legal service, and in
20
the course of doing that, I met not only legislators and the
21
administrators that one finds in the government, but I began
22
to become familiar with the criminal justice system in my
23
State and in our Nation. I met victims and sometimes I met
24
the survivors of victims. I met defendants. I met that
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train of witnesses from the clergy to con artists who pass
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1
through our system and find themselves, either willingly 01
2
unwillingly, part of a search for truth and part of a search
3
for those results that we try to sum up with the words of
4
justice.
5
As you also know, after those years I became a trial
6
judge, and my experience with the working of government and
7
the judicial system broadened there because I was a trial
8
judge of general jurisdiction, and I saw every sort and
9
condition of the people of my State that a trial court of
10
general jurisdiction is exposed to. I saw litigants in
11
international commercial litigation for millions, and I saw
12
children who were the unwitting victims of domestic disputes
13
and custody fights which somehow seemed to defy any reasonable
14
solution, however hard we worked at it.
15
I saw, once again, the denizens of the criminal justi
16
system, and I saw domestic litigants. I saw appellants from
17
the juvenile justice system who were appealing their findings
18
of delinquency. And, in fact, I had maybe one of the great
19
experiences of my entire life in seeing week in and week on.!
20
the members of the trial juries of our States who are right Y
21
called the consciences of our communities. And I worked with
22
them, and I learned from them, and I will never forget my
23
days with them.
24
When those days on the trial court were over, there W. re
MILLER REPORTING CO., INC.
307 C Street, N.E.
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two experiences that I took away with me or two lessons that
u ashington. DC. 20002
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1
I had learned, and the lessons remain with me today. The
2
first lesson, simple as it is, is that whatever court we ai
3
in, whatever we are doing, whether we are on a trial court
4
an appellate court, at the end of our task some human being
5
is going to be affected. Some human life is going to be
6
changed in some way by what we do, whether we do it as tri
7
judges or whether we do it as appellate judges, as far remo
1
8
from the trial arena as it is possible to be.
9
The second lesson that I learned in that time is that
10
if, indeed, we are going to be trial judges, whose rulings
11
will affect the lives of other people and who are going to
12
change their lives by what we do, we had better use every
13
power of our minds and our hearts and our beings to get tho:
14
rulings right.
15
I am conscious of those two lessons, as I have been for
16
all of the years that I was on an appellate course. I am
17
conscious of them as I sit here today, suddenly finding
18
myself the nominee of the President of the United States to
19
undertake the greatest responsibility that any judge in our
20
republic can undertake: the responsibility to join with
21
eight other people, to make the promises of the Constitution
22
a reality for our time, and to preserve that Constitution for
23
the generations that will follow us after we are gone from
24
here.
LH REPORTING CO., INC.
Sireet.
25
I am mindful of those two lessons when I tell you this:
nington. DC 20002
100
1
That if you believe and the Senate of the United States
2
believes that it is right to confirm my nomination, then I
3
will accept those responsibilities as obligations to all of
4
the people in the United States whose lives will be affected
5
by my stewardship of the Constitution.
6
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
7
The Chairman. Thank you very much, Judge, for a
8
statement that gives us all more insight into you. When I
9
ended my opening statement, I said "maybe a little glimpse
10
into your heart,' I think you have given us a little glimpse
11
into your heart as well as how you view the responsibility
12
you hope to undertake.
13
Judge, before I begin my questioning, I want to make it
14
clear to you that under precedence-- we can debate and argue,
15
which we will up here, about how long they have existed--but
16
under precedence dating back, as one of my colleagues said,
17
at least to the 1950's, and arguably much earlier, each
18
member of the committee can decide whatever questions he
19
deems proper to ask you. We have never imposed a gag rule
20
any committee member.
21
But, Judge, while we may ask any questions we deem
22
proper, you are free to refuse to answer any questions you
23
deem to be improper. No one is going to try to force you to
24
answer any question you think in good conscience you cannot
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Street, NE
25
appropriately address. So, Judge Souter, I trust you are