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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S; 2004-0734-F; 2009-1186-F S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Backup Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13741 Folder ID Number: 13741-002 Folder Title: Brazil/Background 12/01/90 [OA 8320] [4] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 21 2 1 Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 4 162ND STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Copyright (c) 1990 Reuters June 27, 1990, Wednesday, BC cycle SECTION: Financial Report. Money Report. Domestic Money. LENGTH: 433 words HEADLINE: LATIN AMERICANS GREET BUSH TRADE, DEBT INTIATIVES BYLINE: By Richard Jarvie DATELINE: BUENOS AIRES, JUNE 27, REUTER BODY: Latin Americans generally welcomed U.S. President George Bush's announcement that he intended a new economic partnership with their region, although some attacked as too small the planned write-off of part of the 12 billion dlrs debt owed the U.S. government. Within hours of Bush's speech Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Melo telephoned the White House to praise the initiative. A statement released by Collor's office said he "was happy with this positive response to efforts Latin American countries are making to achieve economic freedom.' In an address to Latin American and Caribbean diplomats, Bush said he glanned to reduce official debt owed by countries adopting strong economic and investment reform programs. "These countries need economic breathing room to enact bold reforms," he said, adding the United States wanted to encourage fresh investment in the region and promote trade throughout the Americas. In Argentina, Secretary for Latin American Affairs Raul Carignano described Bush's statement as "clear and in accordance with the reality being lived by Latin America." Colombian officials, however, said they thought the U.S. President had overstressed the importance of regional trade and been too light on debt relief and direct aid. A bank official in Bogota said, "The emghasis on free trade and not aid is a little overdone. With the exception of very poor countries there is not very much direct aid." Given that Latin American foreign debt totalled more than 400 billion dlrs the amount of U.S. official debt scheduled for reduction was very small, he added. In Peru, leading private economist Alejandro Toledo went further in his criticism. "Symbolically speaking President Bush's proposal is important and I welcome it, but in real terms it is peanuts," Toledo said. LEXIS NEXIS ® LEXIS® NEXIS ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 5 (c) 1990 Reuters, June 27, 1990 The plan to expand commerce throughout the hemisphere met with negative reaction in Mexico, where one trade specialist saw it as threatening efforts to create a trading block between his country and the United States. "I think this could complicate the Mexico-U.S. free trade agreement," commented Alfredo Gutierrez, an attorney specializing in trade between the two countries. Gutierrez said that while Mexico's economy was broadly compatible with that of its northern neighbor, the economies of Brazil and Argentina were often in competition with the United States, especially in soybeans and other croos. Breaking down trade barriers with them could provoke an outcry in the United States and interfere with Mexico's free trade negotiations, he added. LEXIS® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® NEXIS® ® Brasilia: cities of the would 3RDEditin 8 - Brazilians call it the "city of the sky. " - The estimated population (1987) is 1.2 million. - Brasilia hosts the Fiero dos Estados, a huge charity fair in late June. A famous film festival is held in September. BRazi / - It was built by "candangos," by almost nothing but their colossus 243 hands and determination. the - A old peasant woman once said; "It looked like I always continue expected Heaven to look at night. It was difficult to tell 237 where the building lights ended and the stars began. They seemed to be put there to show off the other." - The sky in Brasilia is bluer than the sky in Rio and turns purple. Carolyn THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON OCTOBER 27,1990 MEMORANDUM TO: DAVID DEMAREST CHRISS WINSTON MARK LANGE ED MCNALLY DAN MCGROARTY CURT SMITH MARY KATE GRANT MARK DAVIS BETH HINCHLIFFE PEGGY DOOLEY BOB SIMON CAROL BLYMIRE TED GARMEY JENNIFER GROSSMAN FROM: CAROLYN CAWLEY SUBJECT: PRE-ADVANCE TO SOUTH AMERICA AND MEXICO ATTACHED: o Summary of speeches for the trip Proposed itinerary Preadvance notes NOTE: Mrs. Bush will accompany POTUS on the trip. She will have her own activities, but she is expected to attend all the speeches to Congress and the State Dinners. Secretary and Mrs. Baker will also travel with POTUS. I. SUMMARY OF SPEECHES FOR THE PRESIDENT'S TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA Brasilia, Brazil -- Address joint session of Congress; -- American Embassy community Greeting; -- Remarks at luncheon for Brazilian business community hosted by POTUS; -- State Dinner toast. Montevideo, Uruguay -- Address joint session of Congress; -- American Embassy community Greeting. Buenos Aires, Argentina -- Address joint session of Congress; -- State Dinner - brief remarks; -- American Embassy community Greeting. Santiago, Chile -- Address joint session of Congress; -- State Dinner toast; -- Remarks at breakfast hosted by the Chilean/ American Chamber of Commerce; -- American Embassy community Greeting. Caracas, Venezuela -- State Dinner toast; -- Remarks at luncheon hosted by the Venezuelan/ American Chamber of Commerce; -- American Embassy community greeting. NOTE: Arrival and departure statements are TBD. If statements are required, they will probably be in Brasilia (first stop) and Caracas (last stop). PROPOSED ITINERARY FOR THE TRIP OF THE PRESIDENT TO SOUTH AMERICA DECEMBER 2 - 8, 1990 Sunday, December 2 9:00 p.m. Depart Andrews AFB en route Brasilia, Brazil Monday, December 3 8:15 a.m. Arrive Brasilia Int'l Airport 8:40 a.m. Arrive Planalto Palace -- Arrival Ceremony 21-gun salute Anthems Review of troops -- One on One meeting with President Collor -- Expanded Bilateral Meeting -- Joint Press Availability 11:15 a.m. Arrive Brazilian Congress Building -- Address joint session of Brazilian Congress TelePrompted Simultaneous interpretation 12:35 p.m. Arrive U.S. Embassy -- American Embassy community Greeting 1:25 p.m. Arrive Ambassador's Residence -- Luncheon for Brazilian business community hosted by POTUS. Brief remarks. 8:30 p.m. Arrive Foreign Ministry -- State Dinner. Toast. RON Brasilia 1 Tuesday, December 4 8:30 a.m. Arrive Brasilia Int'l Airport --- Departure Ceremony 12:30 p.m. Arrive Carrasco Airport, Montevideo, Uruguay -- Arrival Ceremony 21-gun salute Anthems Review of troops 1:20 p.m. Arrive Edificio Libertad (President's office building) -- One on One meeting with President Lacalle -- Expanded Bilateral Meeting -- Joint Press Availability 3:30 p.m. Arrive Legislative Palace -- Address joint session of Uruguayan Congress TelePrompted Simultaneous translation 4:40 p.m. Arrive U.S. Embassy -- American Embassy community Greeting 6:15 p.m. Arrive Punte del Este -Private Dinner hosted by President and Mrs. Lacalle RON Punta del Este 3 Wednesday, December 5 8:15 a.m. Private Breakfast with President and Mrs. Lacalle 10:00 a.m. Arrive Carrasco Int'l Airport, Montevideo -Departure Ceremony 11:35 a.m. Arrive Ezeiza Int'l Airport Buenos Aires, Argentina 12:00 p.m. Arrive Aeroparque ((chopper over)) -- Arrival Ceremony 21-gun salute Anthems Review of troops Presentation of Key to City 12:35 p.m. Arrive Plaza de San Martin -- Wreathlaying Ceremony 12:50 p.m. Arrive Casa de Gobierno (House of Government) -- One on One meeting with President Menem -- Greeting of Diplomatic Corps -- Working luncheon with President Menem -- Joint press availability 3:30 p.m. Depart for Palacio de Congreso (Palace of Congress) POTUS' limo will be escorted by Grenadiers (Argentine mounted soldiers) at a parade pace. 3:50 p.m. Arrive Palacio de Congreso -- Address joint session of Argentine Congress ** TelePrompted ** ((John Keller told me that there may some difficulty in TelePrompter space. The only place for it is a small recessed area in front of and below the podium -- but this where they want to put the press travel pool. Apparently this decision will be left to Demarest and Fitzwater.) Simultaneous interpretation 4 7:55 Arrive Sociedad Rural -- Rodeo and cultural demonstration -- Informal greeting of Supreme Court justices -- State Dinner Brief remarks RON Buenos Aires Thursday, December 6, 1990 8:50 a.m. Ambassador's Residence -- American Embassy Community greeting 9:25 a.m. Arrive Aeroparque -- Departure Ceremony 11:30 a.m. Arrive Arturo Merino Benitez Airport Santiago, Chile -- Arrival Ceremony Full Honors 12:15 p.m. Arrive President Aylwin's private residence -- Working luncheon with President Aylwin -- Joint press availability 3:25 p.m. Arrive Chilean Congress Building Valparaiso, Chile -- Arrival Ceremony Honor Guard (from the Naval Academy; will line the street outside the building) Anthems Review of troops -- Address to joint session of Chilean Congress TelePrompted Simultaneous interpretation 5, 8:40 p.m. Arrive La Moneda Palace Santiago, Chile -- Ceremonious Arrival Honor Guard Review of troops Fanfare -- Private meeting with President Aylwin -- State Dinner. Toast. RON Santiago, Chile Friday, December 7 7:55 a.m. Arrive Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Hotel -- Breakfast hosted by the Chilean/American Chamber of Commerce Brief remarks (@ 8:10 a.m.) TelePrompted 9:25 a.m. Arrive Ambassador's Residence -- American Embassy community Greeting 10:30 a.m. Arrive Airport -- Departure Ceremony 4:10 p.m. Arrive Simon Bolivar Int'l Airport Caracas, Venezuela -- Arrival Ceremony 21-gun salute Anthems 7:40 p.m. Arrive La Casona -- Private meeting with President Perez -- State Dinner. Toast. RON Caracas, Venezuela 6 Saturday, December 8 9:15 a.m. Arrive Pantheon (Tomb of Bolivar and other national heroes) -- Wreathlaying Ceremony 9:55 a.m. Arrive Miraflores Palaces -- One on One meeting with President Perez -- Expanded Bilateral Meeting -- Joint press availability 12:30 p.m. Arrive Hilton Hotel -- Luncheon hosted by the Venezuelan/ American Chamber of Commerce (VENAMCHAM) Remarks TelePrompted 2:20 p.m. Arrive Ambassador's Residence -- American Embassy community Greeting 3:35 p.m. Arrive Simon Bolivar Int'l Airport -- Departure Ceremony 4:00 p.m. Depart en route Andrews 7:05 p.m. Arrive Andrews AFB 7 PREADVANCE NOTES -- BRAZIL Address Joint Session of Congress -- Monday, December 3 @ 11:35 a.m. -- TelePrompted -- Simultaneous Interpretation -- 1200 attendees: Senators, Deputies, Cabinet ministers, Supreme Court justices, Governors of the Districts, military commanders, members of the diplomatic corps, religious leaders, university presidents, etc. -- The session will open while POTUS is in the holding room (National anthem of Brazil, 1 speech by a Senator, 1 speech by a Deputy). POTUS will enter and there will be 6 minutes of hymns followed by three speeches: Senator -- 15 minutes Deputy -- 15 minutes POTUS -- 15 - 18 minutes allotted Session will close by the President of the Congress. -- See photos of the building exterior the domes are very symbolic. The inverted dome atop the Deputies Chamber means that everything starts in the House and the cup is open to the ideas of the people. Laws begin there. The dome atop the Senators Chambers means that the Senate is the final cap, laws become final -- the "lid". -- Check Kubiscek quote chiseled in marble at entrance. (in Portuguese) -- The bicameral National Congress consists of 78 Senators (three for each state and the Federal District) elected to 8 year terms. 495 Deputies elected at large in each state to 4 year terms. The elections are based on proportional representation weighted to favor less populous states. The next elections are scheduled for November, however the newly elected members will not take their seats until January, after POTUS' visit. Suffrage is compulsory for ages 18 - 70. 8 State Dinner -- Toast -- Monday, December 3 @ 8:30 p.m. -- The Foreign Ministry Building, Brasilia Room. See photos. -- 260 guests -- The Brazilian Chief of Protocol asked that we keep the President's remarks under 8 minutes. (I told him not to worry!) -- The main entrance to the building will be flanked with honor guards. Then POTUS will ascend the "floating staircase" (see photos) and be ceremoniously greeted by the President and Mrs. Collor. Cocktails in the anteroom (see photos) -- the "Dortinari Room" (named for a famous modern artist. State dinner in the Brasilia Room; one wall is covered with a mammoth textile/ macrame piece of art. The artist, Roberto Burle (BOOR lay) Marx, is well known for his designs, particularly in gardening and landscapes. He did the gardens at the Palace and at the US Embassy. -- I'll try to find out more about him. Embassy Greetings -- Monday, December at 12:35 p.m. -- US Embassy - Brasilia, small auditorium -- 450 attendees: embassy personnel, Brazilian staffers, families, Americans from the area -- Brasilia is really an artificial capital, carved out of the land 30 years ago when the government decided the nation's capital should be centrally located. (It had been on the southeastern coast, in Rio.) The city has quite an "outpost" feel about it, and I'm told this is a pervasive feeling, especially for the embassy people. Brasilia is far from everything and to "go anywhere, you have to go through Rio"! There could be a joke there, like the infamous Atlanta anecdote: You have to go through Hartsfield (Atlanta's big airport) to get to heaven! -- The US as first country to establish an Embassy in Brasilia. The site, donated by the government of Brazil was officially selected by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles when he visited in 1958 with President Kubiscek. The site was first occupied in 1960 by a portable house trailer. President Eisenhower laid the symbolic cornerstone of the Chancery during his visit. 9 The inside patio was designed by the famous Brazilian landscape artist Roberto Burle Marx -- also the artist of the hanging textile work at the State Dinner site. Luncheon for Brazilian Business Community Hosted by POTUS: -- Monday, December 3 @ 1:25 p.m. -- Ambassador Melton's residence -- back patio by pool or the indoor dining room -- Brief remarks -- Approximately 100 attendees -- I have copies of 3 proposed guest lists, TBD by the Embassy. They are pretty much the same. Guests will include various Ministers of the Brazilian government -- Infrastructure, Economy, Foreign Affairs, Justice, Environment; some Congressional leadership; and leaders in the business community such as the US-Brazil Business Council, Citibank, General Motors, American Express, McDonalds, Union Carbide. Also well as representatives from such international organizations as the World Bank and the InterAmerican Development Bank. -- Contact: Kevin Brennan Embassy Commercial Counselor Planalto Palace -- Arrival Ceremony, Meetings -- No Remarks Candangos is the nickname of the hardy pioneers who built the city; sort of like our Pilgrims. In front of Planalto Palace (site of arrival, one on one meeting and bilaterals; located on 3 Powers Plaza along with the Congress building) is a "Candangos" statue. The statue of two figures is officially called "the Two Warriors" but is more commonly referred to by the nickname. It's the work of famed sculptor Bruno Giorgi. -- Across the street from the Palace is the "Pantheon of the Fatherland" also known as the Pantheon to Liberty and Democracy, with an eternal flame. See photos. of inverted triangles. Tancredo Neves was elected in 1985 but died before taking office and the Pantheon was erected in his honor. His entire life embodied the struggle for democracy. Neves is a hero figure today, known as the man who restored democracy in Brazil after twenty years of military rule. -- The area is known as "3 Powers Square" Planalto Palace, the Supreme Court, the Congress Building plus the Pantheon. 10 Other Notes on Brazil: -- Brazil gave birth to the Lambada, the forbidden dance. -- Stay away from calling Collor "Indiana Jones". POTUS already called him this once -- it was cute for awhile, but it's a sensitive subject now. President Collor has eased back on his weekend daredeviling, in large part because his mother launched a national campaign to get him to stop. The weekend that we were there however, he drove Ferrari at 140 mph down the highway. In sum, Collor still does all the stuff but in low profile. It's OK to jest him about it, but don't refer to him as Indiana Jones. HISTORY: Brazil has been independent since September ,1822. It is a Federative Republic with broad powers granted to the federal government. Collor is the first popularly elected President in almost 30 years. (coincidentally, Brasilia is about 30 years old as well.) Collor succeeded Jose Sarney, the first civilian President after 21 years of military rule. Brasilia: Situated roughly in the center of Brazil, high on the inland plateau termed the "planalto", Brasilia was officially inaugurated on April 21, 1960. However as an idea it dates back three centuries to the dreams of the new world empire by the Italian monk, Dom Bosco (after whom many places in Brasilia are named). Brasilia is also the product of the early Portuguese settlers for a safe inland capital away from the poor climate and military invasions so prevalent on the coast. The Portuguese Court in Lisbon ordered that studies be conducted concerning the capital location, but nothing was done until 1955. Former President Juscelino Kubiscek promised in a now famous campaign speech that, if elected, he would build the new capital within his 5 year term. He was elected and kept his promise. Actual construction was begun in 1957 around the clock and the city was completed in 1960. The men responsible for the rising of Brasilia are the architect Oscar Niemeyer and engineer Lucio Costa. Niemeyer designed all of the principal buildings and still holds veto power over new construction. Costa planned the layout of the city itself, the "Plano Piloto", choosing to make it look from the air like an airplane, a symbol of progress. The city is laid out like a plane, with a main body, wings, etc. At the intersection of the main axes is the bus station, called the "rodoviaria", truly the center of the city in its early years, as workers and their families arrived from all parts of Brazil seeking opportunity in the fledgling capital. In the cockpit of the plane is the Praca dos Tres Poderes (3 powers plaza). -Sights O President Medici Sports Center A sports stadium which holds 42,000 spectators, plus a gym for 25,000. Maybe there's a joke in here. Rogerio Pithon Farias Park Reputed to be the largest city park of any capital in Latin America. Covers 4 million meters square. The Cathedral The shape of the Cathedral represents Christ's crown of thorns. The pillars symbolize the states of Brazil supporting the crown, which is set into the ceiling disk. The main entrance leads under ground through a shadowy tunnel, meant to prepare churchgoers by meditation and self-examination for emergence into the sunny circular church. -- The Brazilian flag has the words "Ordem y Progreso" on it -- "order and progress" in accordance with the positivist philosophy of its fathers. -- Brazil got a new constitution in 1988. -- On the economy and other issues: O Avoid comparisons between Brazil and Mexico. o The US hopes for Brazil and Argentina to become signatories of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, a nuclear limitation agreement. POTUS has telephoned Collor several times on this issue. See Collor's recent UN speech. Debt: A few weeks ago, Brazil had a major proposal to restructure their debt payments. In overview, they'll issue 3 kinds of bonds in exchange for their debt commitment. They'll sell these back to the governments and banks they owe at various auctions. They'll be paying the principal ahead of the interest. 12 CONTACTS: -- John Keane, Political Counselor (**) -- Cultural Section: Luzia and Marcillo -- Gordon Jones, Economic Counselor -- Bob Jordan, PAO 13 PREADVANCE NOTES -- URUGUAY Contacts: Kate Jarvis -- Embassy Information Officer John Jurecky -- Charge d'Affaires; Control Officer for Joint Session event Notes of interest: -- Eisenhower visited Uruguay on his big South America trip. -- Johnson also visited in 1967. -- On the outskirts of Punta del Este is a large park popular for camping named "FDR Park". -- The Foreign Service Institute in Rosslyn has a good library where you can find books on Uruguayan history and culture in English. -- Uruguay is known for her friendly people and the pervasive air of tranquility. -- The Uruguay Round of GATT began here in 1987 at Punta del Este. The current GATT round will be underway beginning December 3 in Geneva. -- JOSE ARTIGAS National hero of Uruguay -- their George Washington. His statues are located all over the city of Montevideo; the main one is his tomb at Independence Plaza downtown. His statue also stands outside the Edificio Libertad, the site of meetings and bilats on this trip. See photos of both. -- The Pope visited Uruguay in 1987 or 1988. A giant crucifix was erected in his honor and he held a Mass for thousands there. I was told that Uruguay is a Catholic country in name only. -- Uruguayans are big fans of basketball and soccer (futebol) They have fielded many World Cup players and have several citizens playing in the professional European leagues. -- Jose Rodo was a major literary figure. The park near the Embassy bears his name. Most of the streets in Montevideo are named for famous figures in their history. George Washington an important figure -- and his statue stands near the Embassy on a main thoroughfare. 14 Embassy Greetings Tuesday, December 4 @ 4:40 p.m. The main entrance hall of the Embassy Approximately 300 attendees -- Embassy personnel, Uruguayan staff, families, possibly Americans from the area. They have been waiting for several months for their Ambassador-designate to be confirmed (since April?). It's hoped that he'll be on post by the time of POTUS' visit. If he's not, this has definite joke potential. If he is, you could still use it. The Embassy was designed by I.M. Pei (the famed architect who also did the East Wing of the Nat'l Gallery and the glass pyramid at the Louvre). It's one of the few embassies in the world done by a renowned architect -- but the embassy personnel have many complaints about it and claim that it was designed before "user friendly" became a popular term. (Humor potential?) Humor?: their mail is often ripped off before it gets to the country. Chances are few that they ever receive any mail orders. POTUS will arrive in Montevideo during the last week that anybody stays in the city -- everyone escapes to Punta del Este. Address to Joint Session of Uruguayan Congress Tuesday, December 4 @ 3:30 p.m. Legislative Palace -- Chamber of Deputies Approximately 300 attendees; 132 Senators and Deputies. Embassy Control Officer: John Jurecky Charge d'Affaires o TelePrompted Above the podium is a huge mural (see brochure and photos). Unfortunately, I couldn't locate anyone who could tell me what it represents -- it's probably worth looking into. Also above the podium is an inscription chiseled in marble. It's in Spanish, but I was told it says: "My authority emanates from you and that authority seizes through with your sovereign presence." 15 The Legislative Palace is absolutely beautiful. The interior is all Uruguayan marble of different colors. See photos and brochure. Punta del Este o No remarks in PDE. POTUS will there for a private dinner with President and Mrs. Lacalle at a small seaside restaurant. The next day, a private breakfast with them at a small inn in town. Mostly an R&R stop. The Bushes will stay at a huge home on the water (it should be in Architectural Digest!!) -- it's owned by a wealthy Argentine who has lent it to the Uruguayan on several occasions, most recently for the visit of French President Mitterand. Punta del Este is a seaside resort town that has practically no full time residents. It became well known in 1967 after its film festival and has since hosted many international meetings and conferencesas well as art and entertainment. The entire town is made of (magnificent) summer homes of the Uruguayan and Argentine elite. When we were there, the place was all but deserted. At the time of POTUS' visit, the throngs of vacationers will be just arriving for their summer vacations which last through February. Darwin came to Punta del Este in 1833 to study the species of Goriti Island, off the coast of Punta del Este. He live in Uruguay for three months. He told his friend Signor Marconi, an Italian engineer, that the area had a "good magnetic field" and Marconi later developed the telegraph in Punta del Este. 16 PREADVANCE NOTES -- ARGENTINA Good Contact: Stephen Thompson -- US Embassy A very friendly man who is a good source of info for both the Embassy Greeting as well as business/trade info for the Joint Session speech. I gave him the heads up that you'd call him. Michael Canning -- US Embassy, Cultural Officer Benny Giron -- Very helpful and eager to please. He should be sending you some brochures that we didn't have time to get on the preadvance. Also at the Embassy. NOTE: Upon arrival at the Aeroparque (municipal airport), POTUS will be presented with a key to the city. No remarks are planned, but check on this again. Sites of interest in the city: -- "July 9 Boulevard" is claimed to be world's largest; the main thoroughfare of "B.A." (Why is July 9 an important date for Buenos Aires?) -- At one circle of "July 9" stands a monument that is exactly like the Washington monument here in D.C. -- only slightly smaller. It's dedicated to Don Pedro Mendoza. (check him out) -- B.A. is the second city in the formation of the country of Argentina. -- Recoleta Cemetery is their equivalent of Arlington, though the people buried there are not solely servicemembers. Many famous Argentines, writers, artists, political figures, etc, have been laid to rest there. Wreath laying ceremony at the Plaza of San Martin POTUS will lay a wreath at the monument of San Martin, the George Washington of Argentina. No remarks are required, though you will want to use San Martin in your other speeches. He is a very important figure to the Argentines. San Martin is actually buried in the Main Cathedral of Buenos Aires, which is down the street about 1/2 a block from the Casa Gobierno (joint session speech site). Both the Casa Gobierno and the Cathedral line the Plaza of May 25th (why is this date important?) The Plaza is a big site for rallies and other public gatherings. 17 Suggested Reading: "The History of Argentina" by David Rock. This book covers the history of the country, from its earliest beginnings through the Falklands War. It's supposed to be an extremely easy read and a good source for you. Should be available at the OAS library or the Library of Congress. Note from LCDR Justice from the Mil Office: An Argentine Navy sailing vessel and training ship is the sister ship of the Coast Guard training vessel Barque Eagle. Both were war reparations from Germany. QUOTES FOR SPEECHES "Sarmiento" is supposedly the most quotable Argentine. He was a civilian President at the time of Lincoln and is known as the "Abraham Lincoln of Argentina". **Mike Butler at the Embassy is known by his colleagues as "Mr. Quote". Call him. Address to the Joint Session of the Argentine Congress Wednesday, December 5 @ 3:50 p.m. In the Chamber of Deputies The address is scheduled to the Prompted, however check with Dave on this. The only available space for the Prompter is also where they want to put the press pool. Keller told me that Dave and Marlin will have to work this out. Approximately 500 attendees -- 300 Senators and Deputies; 70 member of diplomatic corps; the Cabinet; Supreme Court justices; etc. Two speakers -- the President of the Senate who will open the session and introduce the President, and POTUS. POTUS introduced by Argentine Vice President Duhalde. See photos of chamber interior as well as pamphlets. Though they are in Spanish, you can probably figure them out. 18. The National Seal It is dominant all over the government buildings. In the Chambers in particular, it appears on the front of the podium, above the podium, and in the stained glass ceiling. See the brochure for a picture. The stripes in it are the blue sky and the white sky of the flag. The hands are the union of the Argentine people The staff holding the cup symbolizes Freedom; adapted from symbols of the French Revolution. The sun symbolizes the birth of a new country. The laurels mean Glory. State Dinner Wednesday, December 5 @ 9:00 p.m. Informal, as they will just have viewed a rodeo and cultural demonstration. (Riding, roping, throwing bolos, precision horse drill team of the federal police, traditional costumes) 500 attendees American Embassy Community Greeting Thursday, December 6 @ 8:50 a.m. The U.S. Ambassador's Residence Ballroom 500 attendees -- embassy personnel, Argentine staff, families The Residence is the largest in the world -- it's even larger than the WH residence. Vice President Quayle stayed there on his Latin American trips; the Bushes will RON there as well. Check on Bush as VP stays. Other Presidents who stayed there: -- A plaque at the Main Entrance commemorates the February 26, 1960 visit of Eisenhower (a private visit after his Presidency) -- A plaque at the top of the stairs commemorates the November 30 - December 2, 1936 visit of FDR. PREADVANCE NOTES -- CHILE Embassy Greeting Friday, December 7 @ 9:25 a.m. Ambassador's Residence, back patio 300 - 400 attendees; Embassy personnel, Chilean staff, families. Contacts: Dan Johnson Embassy Admin Officer Dave Lugers Site Control Officer We spent only a few minutes at the Residence and none of the Embassy personnel had much to offer by way of humor and color. I told both Dan and Dave to be thinking of such things in case you call them. Ambassador Gillispie is quite the dashing figure and I was told that there is humor there. Call his wife for more on that. AMCHAM Breakfast Friday, December 7 @ 7:55 a.m. Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Hotel Ballroom -- a ballroom is a ballroom is a ballroom. Totally nondescript. Could have been Toledo. Both Presidents will attend. JB III TBD. Mrs. Bush TBD. 1000 attendees TelePrompted POTUS introduced by AMCHAM President Ed Tillman, CEO of Exxon in Chile 2 speeches precede POTUS (one is Tillman). 55 minutes total time there. POTUS doesn't eat. 7 people at head table (8 if Mrs. B. attends) : President Aylwin [AIL win], 4 AMCHAM directors, Ambassador Gillispie, JB III. Elementary school choir will sing the anthems. Contacts: Embassy: ** Rick Villalobos, Econ Section ** Nancy Mason, Political Section AMCHAM: M. Isabel Jaramillo Paulina Dellafiori Phone: 486 830 20 NOTES: Chileans think they'll be the first Latin American country to sign a Free Trade Agreement with the US through the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. Mexico is slated to be first, but the Chileans are optimistic. : Stay Away From: 1. The Kennedy Amendment prohibiting Chile from purchasing any military apparatus from the US. Senator Kennedy sponsored the bill after the Letalier bombing in D.C. -- the US asked Chile to locate and charge the perpetrators and to date they have not done SO. Major source of tension in US-C relations. 2. The Generalized System of Preferences. The privilege was taken away from Chile in 1987 due to labor abuses. They say they have corrected this and want the GSP back, but the US refuses. 3. Chilean grapes. -- Nancy Mason and Rick Villalobos will send you examples of recent cooperative ventures and examples of cooperation in business; a story on early US-C business; humor. Probably should give them a call to remind them. -- GOOD NEWS: Chile is now back in OPIC. OPIC is again insuring US firms in Chile. Also, Chile has been returned a clean bill of health after hoof and mouth disease problems in their cattle. They can now export to the US. Whoopee State Dinner La Moneda Palace, Plaza de Naranjas (Plaza of Oranges -- courtyard filled with orange trees) Thursday, December 6 @ 9:15 p.m. Toast Will just have participated in a ceremonious arrival at the palace with honor guards, review of troops, and fanfare. The Palace Guards are units of the National Police (Carabineros). The square outside the Palace will be lined with US and Chilean flags. Attendees TBD 21 The Palace was designed by the Italian Tosca in 1786. It's been restored but is still essentially the same except for one room that has been removed. The palace was bombed during many coups. Pinochet was holed up there and committed suicide in the Palace -- that room has since been removed. The national slogan of Chile appears ALL OVER the place; from the wrought iron work of the Palace courtyards to the marble over the podium at the joint session speech. It reads, translated: "If not by reason, then by force". Yikes. Gustavo Delgado is a young Foreign Service Officer at the Embassy who tried to get me some brochures on the history etc of the Palace. He was unsuccessful but left a message at our hotel that he'd try again and send it up. You may want to give him a call. See photos of the Palace and the courtyard. Address to Joint Session of Congress Valparaiso -- Congreso Nacional, Salon de Honor Approximately 900 attendees -- 47 Senators, 120 Deputies, plus various members of the diplomatic corps, Cabinet Ministers, etc. This will be a special session of the Congress. The President of the Senate will open the session with 5 minutes of rituals and will introduce POTUS with the ringing of the bell. (President of the Senate is Gabriel Valdes, the highest ranking legislator.) On dais: Rafael Eyzaguirre, Secretary of the Senate Carlos Loyola, Secretary of the Chamber of Dep's Jose Antonio Viera Gauo, President of Chamber of Deputies Gabriel Valdes, President of the Senate The Congress building is brand spanking new -- in fact, they were still laying carpet when we visited. It is a huge, gigantor monument of marble columns that seems extremely out of place in poverty-stricken Valparaiso. Even across the street, the building is surrounded by ordinary shops and slums coming down from the hills. See photos. It had an eerie feeling about it, as most government buildings of this sort are surrounded by others like it. See photos. POTUS will get out of the limo about 1/2 a block from the building and walk a route lined with honor guardsmen from the Naval Academy. He'll review the troops and be greeted on the steps by the Senators and Deputies. Again, their national slogan reads : "If not by reason, then by force.' It is emblazoned in marble above the podium. In this instance it appears under a seal of sorts with a condor and a huemol (deer like animal). The condor represents the aggressive side, while the huemol represents the tranquil and peaceful side. POTUS will chopper over to Valparaiso from Santiago. It might be worth it to mention the truly beautiful Chilean countryside. It's really quite remarkable -- greenery like you've never seen; rolling meadows filled with wildflowers; farmland; beautiful mountain ranges. Save for a few bill- boards here and there, it's virtually unmarred. The Andes Mountain Range is visible in the far distance, with snow capped peaks. Other notes on Chile: -- King Juan Carlos of Spain just completed a state visit to Santiago the day we arrived. The papers applauded the success of the visit -- on the issues of trade, etc. Apparently the two countries have just recently reestablished good relations -- last time Juan Carlos visited, he was snubbed by Pinochet who left the city to visit his troops in the hills and never met with the King. -- North of Santiago begins a desert which continues to the border. Some spots are said to have never seen rain -- ever. No life can exist there. Some areas get 1/16th inch of moisture per year, mostly from mist coming off the ocean. -- La Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi is the best known church in Santiago. We drove by it, but unfortunately I wasn't able to catch a photo for you. It's the oldest church in the country and also houses a museum of the monks. Nancy Mason said she would send a brochure on its significance; again, you may want to call her to remind her if you're interested. -- The national hero of Chile, believe it or not, is named Bernardo O'Higgins. (His father was Irish!) He is considered to be the equivalent of Bolivar, Artigas, San Martin, etc. -- the George Washington of Chile. In fact, he fought with San Martin (of Argentina). Definitely check into this man. 23 Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 01. Agenda Preadvance Notes - Venezuela [POTUS Latin America n.d. P-6, (b)(6) Tour]; personal information redacted. (1 pp.) Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Brazil / Background 12/1/90 [4] Date Closed: 10/22/2004 OA/ID Number: 08320 FOIA/SYS Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S P-2/P-5 Review Case #: MR Case #: Appeal Case #: MR Disposition: Appeal Disposition: Disposition Date: Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA] (b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA] P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA] agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA] P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA] financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA] (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President and information [(b)(4) of the FOIA] his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA] (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA] privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA] (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA] C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of gift. (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA] PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile. (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA] PREADVANCE NOTES -- VENEZUELA Contacts: Bill Millen Political Counselor at the US Embassy. This man is an expert on the country and can answer just about any question you may have. Helen Clare Hudson (Phone ext. 425) Economic Counselor at the US Embassy. Call her for info on cooperative efforts in trade and business. Paula Thiede (Phone ext. 330) Also at the Embassy. A very nice woman who maintains files of newspaper clippings. Color and Things to Check on: -- Bill Millen thought that POTUS may have visited Venezuela in the 1960's when he was an oilman in Texas. He supposedly visited the city of Maracaibo, in western Venezuela near Colombia. -- Jeb Bush once lived in Venezuela. Were any of his kids born there? -- POTUS visited V. in 1981 (?) for Bettencourt's funeral. -- Bettancourt [BET anne coor] is a good man to quote POTUS and President Perez met when both were President- elect's. State visit of Perez in spring '89. POTUS calls Perez often -- they have a good relationship. P-6, (b)(6) -Embassy Greeting Ambassador's residence -- on large patio overlooking the city Saturday, December 8 @ 2:20 p.m. Approximately 300 attendees -- embassy personnel, Venezuelan employees, families; possibly some Americans from the area. Contact Bill Millen for inside humor. I was told that jokes about the erratic water supply and telephone service would be appreciated. Also, they have been waiting for several months (since May?) for their Ambassador-designate to be confirmed. It's become a running joke of sorts -it's hoped that he'll be on post by the time of POTUS' visit. If not, this has definite joke potential. If he is there, you could still use it. -- Caracas is surrounded by huge, green, lush mountains. They really are quite beautiful and it's difficult to escape a grand view of them. Avila National Park is a big deal to the people of Caracas; it's a landmark. It's a huge park high up in the hills and mountains with trails, waterfalls, and eating spots -- also a preserve of sorts, with birds and butterflies which are protected "El Avila" Nat'l Park separates Caracas from the Caribbean Sea. (Note: Venezuela has a heavy Caribbean influence, from the people to the reggae music. It's often said the V. is more a part of the Caribbean region than Latin America.) The Ambassador's residence (RON Site and site of Embassy Greeting) is just below the park Business Luncheon Caracas Hilton Ballroom -- a ballroom is a ballroom is a ballroom. Totally nondescript. Saturday, December 8 @ 12:35 p.m. 1,000 attendees 14 on the dais Brief Remarks; TelePrompted 25 -- Teresa Careno was a major opera diva from Venezuela. She toured the world and was very popular internationally. Across the street from the Hilton (Luncheon site) is a huge theater and arts complex in her honor. It is one of the best known buildings in Caracas. -- State Dinner O Friday, December 7 @ 7:40 p.m. O Site: La Casona, President Perez' private home. It's still undecided whether it will be outdoors on the large patio (tented) or the indoor dining room. Pantheon -- Tomb of Bolivar and other liberators No remarks, but this would be great to use in business luncheon or embassy greetings, as POTUS will have just participated in a wreathlaying ceremony there. Note that a statue of Bolivar stands in D.C. down the street from State. Other liberators at the Pantheon include: Garantia, Jose Gregorio Monegas, Francisco Miranda. It is a beautiful monument with splendid murals and frescoes; high vaulted ceilings and stained glass windows. The paintings represent scenes of the liberation of Venezuela. 26 CARACAS: -- Capital of Venezuela -- Birthplace of "Libertador Simon Bolivar" -- Founded on July 25, 1567 by the Conqueror Diego de Losada. He named it Santiago de Leon de Caracas. The Lion (de leon) is quasi-official symbol of the city. -- The city of Caracas was mapped 9 years after founding. It was exactly 24 square blocks with the 25th as it's center plaza. Today this area is the colonial section of the city. VENEZUELA: -- Discovered by Columbus (just like the US) in 1498 on his third voyage to the New World. First explored by Alonso de Ojeda in 1499 -- according to legend, he named it "Venezuela" or "Little Venice". -- Achieved independence in 1821. Begun by Francisco de Miranda and completed by Simon Bolivar. SITES YOU MAY WANT TO MENTION: -- Iglesia de San Francisco: (Church of S.F.) Church and convent built in 1575. Simon Bolivar prayed here often. It was in this church that he was given the title "liber- tador" (liberator) and made Captain General of the V. armies. His state funeral took place here in 1813. It's open to public tours. -- El Capitolio Nacional: (The Nat'l Capital). Next to the legislative palace. Topped by a gleaming dome. Built in 1877. Now used only for the inauguration of the President. Inside are 52 paintings depicting historical V. events. The most magnificent is on the ceiling of the dome; it shows Bolivar winning the V. Battle of Independence at Carabobo. The Declaration of Independence is housed here. -- Consejo de Municipal: Old seminary built in 1641. In the center are fountains with the symbol of the city, the lion. The Declaration of Independence was signed here in July 5, 1811. -- Casa Natal: Bolivar's birthplace. -- La Catedral: (the Cathedral) Mirrors the tumultous history of Caracas. It was destroyed by earthquakes in 1641, 1766, and 1812 and rebuilt each time. In the Cathedral are the crypts of the Bolivar family. Famous Artists: Marisol Jacobo Borges Jesus Soto Mateo Manaure Alejandro Otero Carlos Cruz Dias All are internationally known. 28 EMBASSY GREETING \ BRASILIA, BRAZIL MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1990 \ 12:40 P.M. 0 AMBASSADOR RICK MELTON, HIS WIFE PEGGY, MEMBERS OF THE EMBASSY STAFF, OUR FOREIGN SERVICE NATIONALS, FAMILIES AND MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY. IT IS A PLEASURE TO MEET ALL OF YOU, AND To BEGIN SUCH AN AUSPICIOUS JOURNEY HERE IN THE GREAT NATION OF BRAZIL. BARBARA IS SORRY SHE COULDN'T BE HERE TODAY, BUT SHE SENDS HER REGARDS AND OUR DAUGHTER DORO IS HERE WITH ME. - 2 - o VICE PRESIDENT QUAYLE GAVE ME A GREAT REPORT ON YOUR BRASILIA COMMUNITY. HE SAYS THAT HE ABLY DEFENDED THE HOOSIER REPUTATION OF BASKETBALL PROWESS WHILE AT THE AMERICAN SCHOOL. HE ALSO WARNED ME NOT To VENTURE ONTO THE TENNIS COURT HERE, FOR I WOULD SUFFER A HUMILIATING DEFEAT AT THE HANDS OF SOME OF THE ACES ON THE EMBASSY STAFF. ((I SHOULD HAVE BROUGHT PETE SAMPRAS WITH ME ON THE TRIP.)) - 3 - 0 I WANT TO LET EACH OF YOU KNOW HOW MUCH WE ADMIRE THE JOB YOU DO, AS YOU REPRESENT OUR COUNTRY -- AND I'M NOT JUST TALKING ABOUT JUST THOSE OF YOU WHO WORK IN THE EMBASSY. I MEAN EVERY ONE OF YOU, BECAUSE ALL OF YOU ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE BEST THAT IS AMERICA. - 4 - o YOUR INVOLVEMENT WITH THE BRAZILIAN COMMUNITY -- SUPPORTING SOCIAL WELFARE PROJECTS THROUGH THE AMERICAN WOMEN'S CLUB OR YOUR CHURCH, SHOWING APPRECIATION FOR BRAZILIAN CULTURE, AND HELPING BRAZILIANS LEARN ABOUT AMERICAN CULTURE -- HAS IMMENSE VALUE. - 5 - o BARBARA AND I HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF SIMILARLY REPRESENTING THE UNITED STATES A FEW YEARS, ((A FEW GRANDCHILDREN)) AND A COUPLE OF JOBS AGO, WHEN I WAS AMBASSADOR TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. As A RESULT OF THAT EXPERIENCE WE HAVE, I THINK, AN ENHANCED APPRECIATION FOR THE AMOUNT OF WORK THAT GOES INTO A PRESIDENTIAL VISIT. WE THANK YOU FOR IT. - 6 - 0 HEADLINES ARE MADE WHEN DIPLOMATIC BREAKTHROUGHS OCCUR, WHEN IMPORTANT AGREEMENTS ARE SIGNED, AND WHEN DRAMATIC EVENTS AFFECT RELATIONS BETWEEN STATES. THE DAY-TO-DAY WORK OF THE DIPLOMAT AND OF PRIVATE AMERICANS OVERSEAS, HOWEVER, DOESN'T NORMALLY MAKE HEADLINES. To ALL THE EMPLOYEES OF THE EMBASSY, I WANT YOU TO KNOW THAT so MUCH OF WHAT IS ACCOMPLISHED IN U.S.-BRAZILIAN RELATIONS IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND DEDICATION. - 7 - 0 I WANT TO PAY A SPECIAL TRIBUTE TO THE BRAZILIAN EMPLOYEES OF THE EMBASSY. You ARE OUR INSTITUTIONAL MEMORIES, SOCIAL GUIDES AND CLOSE FRIENDS. I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR THE BRIDGES THAT YOU BUILD BETWEEN THE U.S. AND BRAZIL. o ALL OF YOU, BRAZILIANS AND AMERICANS EQUALLY, HAVE MY FULL SUPPORT IN THE IMPORTANT WORK AHEAD AS WE MOVE TO STRENGTHEN OUR ALREADY GOOD RELATIONS. IT - 8 - AND I KNOW THAT WITH AMBASSADOR MELTON AT THE HELM, THE TASK IS IN GOOD HANDS. ONCE AGAIN THANK YOU FOR YOUR DEDICATION AND COMMITMENT. GOD BLESS THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ### Grant/Cawley November 18, 1990 12 noon A:BRAZIL.EMB PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EMBASSY GREETING BRASILIA, BRAZIL MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1990 Ambassador Rick Melton, his wife Peggy, members of the Embassy staff, our foreign service nationals, and members of the American community. It is a pleasure to meet all of you, and to begin such an auspicious journey here in the great nation of Brazil. Vice President Quayle gave me a great report on your Brasilia community. He says that he ably defended the Hoosier reputation of basketball prowess while at the American school. He also warned me not to venture onto the tennis court here, for I would suffer humiliating defeat at the hands of some of the aces on the Embassy staff. ((I should have brought Pete Sampras with me on the trip.)) Barbara and I both want to let you know of our great admiration for you, as you represent our country -- and I'm not just talking about those of you who work in the Embassy. I mean every one of you, because all of you are representative of the best that is America. Your involvement with the Brazilian community -- supporting social welfare projects through the American Women's Club or your church, showing appreciation for Brazilian culture, and helping Brazilians learn about American culture -- has immense value. 2 Barbara and I had the privilege of similarly representing the United States a few years, ((a few grandchildren) ) and a couple of jobs ago, when I was Ambassador to the People's Republic of China. As a result of that experience we have, I think, an enhanced appreciation for the amount of work that goes into a Presidential visit. We thank you for it. Headlines are made when diplomatic breakthroughs occur, when important agreements are signed, and when dramatic events affect relations between states. The day-to-day work of the diplomat and of private Americans overseas, however, doesn't normally make headlines. To all the employees of the Embassy, I want you to know that so much of what is accomplished in U.S.-Brazilian relations is directly related to your knowledge and dedication. I thank you for that tremendous contribution to our common interests. I envy you the peacefulness and beauty of Brasilia, although I know that every new capital takes time to develop its own special character. For our European friends, Washington was long viewed as a hardship post. I suspect that diplomats from Rio or Buenos Aires also had their misgivings. But isolation today is not what it used to be -- I understand you get CNN and some of you can even watch your favorite U.S. sports teams (( -- just as long as you watch those Texas Rangers, I'm happy.) ) In fact, the spaciousness and clear skies of Brasilia remind me a great deal of the TExas to which I took my family after World War II. 3 O All of you, Brazilians and Americans equally, have my full support in the important work ahead as we move to strengthen our already good relations. And I know that with Ambassador Melton at the helm, the task is in good hands. Once again thank you for your dedication and commitment. God bless the United States of America. # # # Grant/Cawley November 18, 1990 12 noon A:BRAZIL.EMB PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EMBASSY GREETING BRASILIA, BRAZIL MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1990 Ambassador (name), his wife (name) and friends. It is a pleasure to meet all of you, and to begin such an auspicious journey here in the great nation of Brazil. And I think it only fitting that we begin our five-nation tour here in Brasilia, for the United States was the first country to establish an embassy in Brasilia. As all of you know, the land was donated by the government of Brazil and the cornerstone of the Chancery was laid by President Eisenhower during his visit thirty years ago. On that same visit, President Eisenhower gazed out upon the new city of Brasilia, then under construction, and spoke of the towers rising on the horizon as "an epic worthy of this nation's vast possibilities and aspirations." Each one of you is contributing to the vast possibilities of this country, and the aspirations of a new relationship among the nations of the Western Hemisphere -- born of the triumph of democracy and growing into a future of economic freedom. Think of the events you've witnessed -- and helped shape -- in the last few years. Although the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe may have garnered the most headlines, North Americans are beginning to see that a political and economic 2 revolution is taking place in South America. I have come because I wanted to see the revolution for myself -- and to work thank you for your support in keeping it alive. From my years in China, I know there is no more dedicated group of men and women than those who staff our American Embassies. I also know what an ordeal a Presidential visit can be, and so I thank you for all your help in preparing for this visit. The staff of this Embassy serves as the link between this hemisphere's two largest republics -- the U.S. and Brazil. Your workload is a heavy one, and it's public servants like you who make me proud of Americans serving abroad. In closing, let me say once again thank you for your dedication and commitment. God bless the United States of America. # # #