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Hanukkah Address 12/12/90 [OA 8320]
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323153173
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Hanukkah Address 12/12/90 [OA 8320]
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13743-005
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13743
Folder ID Number:
13743-005
Folder Title:
Hanukkah Address 12/12/90 [OA 8320]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
21
2
3
To
Jennifer
Date
Time 3:10
WHILE YOU WERE OUT
M
Amy Lumet
of
Phone
603 924 9782
Area Code
Number
Extension
TELEPHONED
PLEASE CALL
CALLED TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
WANTS TO SEE YOU
URGENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message
Operator
AMPAD
EFFICIENCY®
23-023 CARBONLESS
Encychloped loped -
of Judein
320
(Dreydel]
ESE
POP asit
month
a 400 WEE
Johnson
VIGHT
VITE
Lidja
6 Lidia Shestopalova
Alex
Veytsman
Veitzman
Viyets
JEANS! I need the names of the
CEX
Jel
2 Gesher kids who are as
Soviet emigres as soon !
you can M.K Thanks
Speed will go to POTUS
VYTE
this a.m.
j
talk
cen 80 few later we'll -VAG December 9 a.m. Grant/Grossman
7, 1990
A: HANUKKAH
BRIEF REMARKS: HANUKKAH CEREMONY
ROOM 450
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1990
11:30 A.M.
Welcome
((Acknowledgements))
Thank you, Rabbi [name] for the gift of this lovely Menorah.
Qyales
Barbara and I would like to welcome everyone to the White House,
[especially the Synagogue Council of America], again this year
for our Hanukkah celebration. Tradition is very important to our
family, and this ceremony is one tradition we've started that I
hope to see continued for many years at the White House.
Hanukkah is a holiday of hope, for it shows us the glory of
HCBm
God in our own lives and the power of miracles in the world.
Last year at this ceremony, we spoke of our efforts to help
Text
+
Vladimir Raiz and other brave refuseniks leave the Soviet Union.
this Hemew
By Passover, he was a free man.
name)
But the story doesn't stop there -- in addition to Zev Raiz,
898' saips, 2500
more than 150,000 Soviet Jews emigrated this year, to new homes
and new lives of liberty and dignity. In fact, I understand two
Robin
children with us today from the [school] have recently arrived
KJ
from the Soviet Union. As we welcome you to this country, we
also thank God for delivering thousands of Jews from repression
this year -- and we continue to pray for all those still seeking
freedom.
Throughout the world, freedom has been on the march, most
especially in Eastern Europe. And while lately the peace and
2
stability of all nations have been threatened by a lone
aggressor, we are thankful nonetheless for the great strides
toward democracy and liberty taken by people around the world,
got
over the course of this year. The candles of the Menorah attest
to the wonder of faith and the triumph of freedom, and its flame
should inspire people everywhere.
The ancient story of the first Hanukkah is one of victory
over persecution, aggression, and intolerance -- but the struggle
has continued for your people through the centuries. In fact, the
BB
first wave of Jewish immigrants came to this country -- as early
that
as 1654 -- to live a life free from intolerance and persecution.
Two hundred years ago, George Washington wrote a letter to a
Nr
Jewish congregation in Newport, Rhode Island in which he gave "to
bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance." In this new
letter
country, he said, "Every one shall sit in safety under his own
vine and fig tree and there shall be none to make him afraid."
D. 50
Washington's words embody the American ideal of freedom of
worship, an ideal that we reaffirm here today and that we pass on
to the generations to follow us.
I understand these children are ready to sing for us, so I
don't want to hold up the show. But let me add this final
thought -- there's an old Jewish saying: "The pleasures we get
Treas for
from children are far more precious than gold. Seeing so many
young, happy faces proves those words true.
One word of warning:
I was pretty good last year with the draedel -- purely beginner's
luck. This year, however, I've been practicing.
3
Happy Hanukkah to everyone. Again, thank you for coming to
the White House, and thanks to the [Gesher] school for
entertaining us. Let's hear a few songs and then, let the games
begin.
# # #
Bobbie - All comments appreciated - M.K.
Grant/Grossman
December 7, 1990
9 a.m.
Mkvenot dring this year
A: HANUKKAH
BRIEF REMARKS: HANUKKAH CEREMONY
ROOM 450
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1990
11:30 A.M.
they
((Acknowledgements))
Thank you, Rabbi [name] for the gift of this lovely Menorah.
Barbara and I would like to welcome everyone to the White House,
[especially the Synagogue Council of America], again this year
for our Hanukkah celebration. Tradition is very important to our
family, and this ceremony is one tradition we've started that I
hope to see continued for many years at the White House.
Hanukkah is a holiday of hope, for it shows us the glory of
God in our own lives and the power of miracles in the world.
Last year at this ceremony, we spoke of our efforts to help
Vladimir Raiz and other brave refuseniks leave the Soviet Union.
By Passover, he was a free man.
Gesher Day Gesher School
But the story doesn't stop there in addition to Zev Raiz,
more than 150,000 Soviet Jews emigrated this year, to new homes
and new lives of liberty and dignity. In fact, I understand two
children with us today from the [school] have recently arrived
from the Soviet Union. As we welcome you to this country, we
also thank God for delivering thousands of Jews from repression
this year -- and we continue to pray for all those still seeking
freedom.
Throughout the world, freedom has been on the march, most
especially in Eastern Europe. And while lately the peace and
2
stability of all nations have been threatened by a lone
aggressor, we are thankful nonetheless for the great strides
toward democracy and liberty taken by people around the world,
over the course of this year. The candles of the Menorah attest
to the wonder of faith and the triumph of freedom, and its flame
should inspire people everywhere.
The ancient story of the first Hanukkah is one of victory
over persecution, aggression, and intolerance -- but the struggle
has continued for your people through the centuries. In fact, the
first wave of Jewish immigrants came to this country -- as early
as 1654 -- to live a life free from intolerance and persecution.
Two hundred years ago, George Washington wrote a letter to a
Jewish congregation in Newport, Rhode Island in which he gave "to
bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance." In this new
country, he said, "Every one shall sit in safety under his own
vine and fig tree and there shall be none to make him afraid."
Washington's words embody the American ideal of freedom of
worship, an ideal that we reaffirm here today and that we pass on
to the generations to follow us.
I understand these children are ready to sing for us, SO I
don't want to hold up the show. But let me add this final
thought -- there's an old Jewish saying: "The pleasures we get
from children are far more precious than gold." Seeing so many
young, happy faces proves those words true. One word of warning:
I was pretty good last year with the draedel -- purely beginner's
luck. This year, however, I've been practicing.
I
3
Happy Hanukkah to everyone. Again, thank you for coming to
the White House, and thanks to the [Gesher] school for
entertaining us. Let's hear a few songs and then, let the games
begin.
# # #
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
mere The 150,000
Soviet Jens
have enigate
this year
30
THE
NEW
YORK
TIMES
NATIONAL
St
Scholars and Descendants Uncover
Hidden Legacy of Jews in Southwest
"I've been here 20 years, and only in
using data in church records in Mexico
By KATHLEEN TELTSCH
the last two or three, after observing
City and New Mexico on baptisms,
Special to The New York Times
me carefully, a handful of these people
weddings and burials. They have also
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - After sev-
have made contact with me," said
examined Spanish shipping manifests
eral centuries, scholars are uncovering
Rabbi Isaac Celnik of Congregation
dating from the 1490's.
the history of Spanish Jews who con-
A few months before Columbus's
B'nai Israel in Albuquerque.
verted to Catholicism under threat of
Some come to services, always sit-
voyage in 1492, Spain enacted the Edict
expulsion by Spain's monarchs in 149-
ting by themselves, he said. He has
of Expulsion, compelling Jews to leave
2and then found refuge and obscurity
been invited five or six times to their
or convert to Catholicism under threat
in the mountains of New Mexico.
homes to lead prayers, often because
of death. Perhaps half of the estimated
Although most of these early coloniz-
an elderly relative wants to renew ties
200,000 Jews in Spain began an exodus
ers lived as practicing Catholics, a sig-
to the ancient faith.
to Portugal, other European countries
nificant number, often called "conver-
Still, distrust toward outsiders lin-
and North Africa. Others became
sos," continued to cling secretly to
gers. "These people lived in fear of
"New Christians."
Jewish traditions, lighting candles on
persecution for SO long, they still look
But even New Christians who pros-
Fridays, reciting Hebrew prayers, cir-
over their shoulders,' Rabbi Celnik
pered found themselves still persecut-
cumcising baby boys, baking unleav-
said. "They are historically condi-
ed, possibly out of envy. And some only
ened bread, keeping the Sabbath.
tioned over centuries to be suspicious
pretended to convert. Under continuing
Researchers are now finding evi-
and alert."
pressure from the Inquisition, which
dence that some nominally Christian
began to be felt in Portugal as well,
families have handed down Jewish
some of the persecuted seized oppor-
traditions, and have done it amid a
tunities to come to the New World.
fear-inspired secrecy that seems
Legacy of Secrecy
When the Inquisition stretched its
hardly to have lessened over five cen-
Is Handed Down
reach to Mexico, they fled again, cross-
turies.
ing deserts and hostile Indian country
to the frontier of what is now New Mex-
Clues in Gravestones
There are perhaps 1,500 families in
ico. There they found a measure of
New Mexico who have some cogni-
safety and obscurity.
In the past two or three years, in re-
zance of their Jewish heritage, said
"We only have started to scrape the
mote areas of the Southwest, hundreds
Frances Hernandez, a professor of
surface," said Dr. Stanley Hordes, co-
of gravestones have been found in old
comparative literature at the Univer-
director of a research project on the se-
Christian cemeteries with Hebrew in-
sity of Texas at El Paso. "They range
cret Jews, or "Crypto-Jews," at the
scriptions or Jewish symbols often
from those with only blurred memories
University of New Mexico's Latin
combined with the cross.
of Jewish customs or family legends to
American Institute.
Stimulated by the scholarly inquir-
others who really are aware of their
Dr. Hordes, who spoke at the recent
ies, or on their own, young descendants
Judaic background and know what it
third annual meeting of the New Mex-
Evidence
of converso families are searching to
means," she said. "We're talking of
ico Jewish Historical Society, believes
Jews who
find their roots, Jewish and Christian,
people who survived 200 generations of
that converso families who fled to re-,
and comparing their findings.
after bein
stress and secrecy, and it's a wonder
mote areas like New Mexico's Mora,
A few of these descendants have re-
anything survives."
Charma and Rio Grande valleys could
turned to Judaism. Others are slowly
In pursuing the conversos' saga, his-
have settled the first Jewish com-
scendants
establishing fragile ties to mainstream
Jewish congregations.
torians are interviewing families and
munity in what is now the United
related an
States.
their own
But other historians and Jewish
Daniel
scholars dispute Dr. Hordes's conclu-
neering sti
sion, saying Christian families carry-
ish roots
ing on some Jewish practices or die-
covered a
tary laws do not constitute a Jewish
late gran
community. Shearith Israel, the Span-
prayer sha
ish and Portuguese Synagogue estab-
ries of hir
lished in New Amsterdam in 1654, is
bread at
considered the first Jewish congrega-
ing livest
tion in North America.
way.
Rabbi Marc D. Angel of Shearith Is-
Nora G
rael said the remnants of Crypto-Jews
elaborate
in New Mexico was a tribute to the
recalling
human spirit, but he questioned the
disagreed
claim to an early community.
practices.
"What concerns me is that because
to kneel to
of their dramatic story with a movie-
need an
like quality, there will be an eagerness
she recal
to receive them into Judaism and for-
him "Jud
get there is a formal procedure for re-
her child
entry after separation that requires in-
Her fathe
struction, patience and sincerity," he
cumcised
said. "There are no short-cuts."
munity.
carved a
David.
Getting to Know
Ramon
Distant Relatives
analyst a
querque,
lated to D
Dr. Hordes's own inquiry began in
own linea
1981 soon after he became New Mexico
puterized
state historian. His doctoral disserta-
found ev
tion at Tulane Univerity was about
families,
Crypto-Judaism in Mexico in the 17th
code) nan
century.
each othe
"People began dropping into my of-
Mr. Sal
fice, leaning across my desk and whis-
another
pering, 'You know, so-and-so lights can-
roots, she
dles and does not eat pork.' Repeated
Jewish h
such visits led him to undertake the re-
realizatio
search project, together with Dr.
rem
Tomas C. Atencio, a sociologist at the
knocked
University of New Mexico.
But as on
Since 1988, they have interviewed al-
lic, and in
most 50 converso families, including
ways be
many who practiced Jewish customs
making
Ramon Salas, a descendant of Spanish immigrants who has been
without understanding them, because
peal
their families had done so. In the pro-
studying his family's Jewish heritage, lighting Sabbath candles.
he does
cess, the researchers introduced de-
to the Cat
A Neighborly S.& L. in Vermont Finds Itself Pinched
Continued From Page 1
ties
to
TIONAL SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1990
xico
also
fests
bus's
Edict
leave
hreat
ated
kodus
tries
came
pros-
ecut-
only
which
well,
ppor-
its
ross-
untry
Mex-
re of
the
co-
se-
the
Latin
Photographs by Cary Herz for The New York Times
ecent
Mex-
Evidence uncovered in New Mexico indicates that
15th century continued to secretly practice their reli-
eves Jews who journeyed from Spain to the New World
gion. Dennis Duran, whose ancestors were converts,
to
re-
after being forced to convert to Catholicism in the
visited a family grave in northern New Mexico.
Mora,
could
com-
scendants who did not know they were
Dennis Duran, a corporate official
rying matzo under his hat, which he
nited
related and who now are comparing
who lives in Santa Fe, came to the his-
tried to explain was a remedy for head-;
their own genealogy searches.
torical society meeting with a copy of
ache. His sugar plantations were con-
wish
Daniel Yocum, a 23-year-old engi-
his family tree going back 14 genera-
fiscated and he disappeared.
nclu-
neering student, suspected he had Jew-
tions and showing his kinship to the
While protectively withholding the
arry-
ish roots on his mother's side. He dis-
Salas family. He has collected data
names of conversos, Rabbi Celnik said
die-
covered a wedding photograph of his
suggesting their ancestors were among
that for many months he gave religious
wish
late grandfather wearing a fringed
the Jews who came with Don Juan de
instruction to an artist from Taos who
Span-
prayer shawl. He has boyhood memo-
Oñate in 1598 to colonize New Mexico.
came weekly, arising at 4 a.m. to travel
stab-
ries of him baking round, unleavened
Mr. Duran, who is 36, formally con-
here. The rabbi also prayed with a
is
bread at certain seasons and butcher-
verted to Judaism even before begin-
dying elderly woman who lived as a
rega-
ing livestock in the traditional Jewish
ning his search for his Jewish heritage.
Catholic but cherished her Jewish
way.
He has recollections of his grandfa-
roots.
th Is-
Nora Garcia Herrera, his mother,
ther secretly praying daily at sundown
Jews
elaborates on her son's recollections,
in a cellar where the family kept fruit
"I went to see her in the hospital,' he
the
recalling that her father and mother
said. "Her eyes brightened when I
the
disagreed about the family's religious
came into the room, and she recog-
Ty
practices. "He said it was all right not
nized me. It happened to be Passover,
cause
to kneel to the saints because you don't
Practicing
and I placed a morsel of matzo on her
ovie-
need an intermediary to talk to God,"
lip. It meant a lot to her."
mess
she recalled. She objected and called
Catholics quietly
Rabbi Celnik said that, among the
for-
him "Judio," Spanish for "Jew," which
conversos who go to church; there is a
re-
her children guessed was a 'bad word.
in-
handed down
segment which very much wants to re-
Her. father and grandfather were cir-
turn to Judaism. An equally small seg-
he
cumcised by an old man in their com-
munity When he died, ther father
Jewish traditions.
ment want to be Catholic and Jewish;
they are comfortable in both traditions.
carved a gravemarker with Star of
"But there also is a very small group
David:
committed to vengeance against those
Ramon Salas, 26, a manufacturing
and wine, and of playing games as a
who return to Judaism," and this is re-
analyst at Digital Equipment in Albu-
child with tops, similiar to the dreidel
garded as a genuine threat," the rabbi
querque, discovered that he was re-
of Jewish origin.
said. "They are afraid of their own
lated to Daniel Yocum after tracing his
Paul Marez, a 24-year-old graduate
cousins."
an
in
own lineage 17 generations. He com-
student, is the only one in his family
exico
puterized his findings and says he has
who attends temple services. Family
Rabbi Celnik said this may be the op-
erta-
found evidence that Crypto-Jewish
members are practicing Catholics, but
portune moment for Crypto-Jews to
about
families, who often intermarried, used
he recalls his grandmother preparing
embrace their heritage openly because
17th
code; names SO they would recognize
for the Sabbath and, after a relative's
1992 marks the 500th anniversary of
each other.
death, observing a period of mourning
both Columbus's voyage and the Ex-
of
Mr. Salas said that, when he asked
and turning mirrors to the wall, as in
pulsion Edict.
whis-
another cousin if they shared Jewish
the Jewish custom.
can-
roots, she shot back, "Use your good
A number of the young adults are
The International Jewish Commit-
eated
counseled about Judaism by Loggie
tee, Sepharad '92, formed to com-
Jewish head and you'll come to the
ne re-
realization you have Jewish blood."
Carrasco, a teacher with a magnetic
memorate the anniversary of the ex-
Dr.
"I remember I was exhilarated; it
style. Rabbi Celnik calls her Mama
pulsion, would welcome the support of
knocked my head off," Mr. Salas said.
Loggie. "Young people look to her for
the New Mexicans, said Andre Sassoon,
the
validation because she is SO knowledge-
the committee vice president.
But as one who was raised as a Catho-
ed al-
lic, and in the eyes of his church will al-
able," he said. "She is their rabbi."
Would they be regarded as genuinely
uding
ways be a Catholic, he is torn about
Ms. Carrasco said she has traced her
Jewish? "We're a tolerant people," Mr.
stoms
making a choice. Judaism has an ap-
family to Seville and Madrid in the
Sassoon said.
cause
peal - he lights sabbath candles - but
early 1600's. She said one ancestor,
"Personally, whether someone is
pro-
he does not want to lose his attachment
Manuel Carrasco, was tried in Mexico
truly a Jew or not, only God can judge,
d de-
to the Catholic community.
City by the Inquisition in 1648 for car-
and not mortals."
ched by the Times
thout
Dec. 4 / Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1983
Mr. President?
Q. Do we think that's had an effect on
The President. What's that?
this firing at our aircraft?
America, and g
Q. Is this coordinated with the Israelis,
The President. I wouldn't know. All I
We're also ma
sir?
know is that this was coordinated by the
hurt in the U1
The President. No. I heard some rumors
Syrians.
Kirkpatrick is ot
to that effect. And I suppose the situation of
Q. Are the two pilots POW's now?
me assure you, (
President Gemayel and Prime Minister
Q. Does this complicate American efforts
a very determir
Shamir both being here and the fact that
to negotiate the Syrians out of Lebanon?
one gets any ide
they have responded with fire to some
The President. What?
is ever forced to
areas led people to suppose that. No, we
Q. How seriously does this retaliatory
States and Israel
knew nothing of their operations, and there
attack complicate hopes to negotiate a
I think it's W(
was no contact with them regarding ours.
Syrian exit from Lebanon?
Jewish commur
And the Prime Minister has responded to
The President. Well, I hope that it doesn't
assist Jews in tl
that question and said that they were only
make it any more difficult. I hope that the
good it is to
aware of it after it happened.
reaction would be the other way. But we're
moment, Jews W
Q. Do we think President Assad is still
going to continue with the mission that we
here with us tal
running Syria? Do we think President Assad
embarked upon some time ago, and that is
becoming Amer
is in good shape to run Syria?
to bring peace to that area.
more than 230 n
The President. Well, that's-your guess is
So, now, that's about all. Thank you.
to you, welcome
as good as mine. We don't know. The con-
We know tha
flicting stories that are coming out of there,
Note: The President spoke at 1:39 p.m. at
from the Sov
the attempt now to portray him as being
the South Portico of the White House. He
stopped. They're
active and on the scene-we really have no
was returning to the White House from
assed, beaten, a
assurance one way or the other.
Camp David, Md.
thorities. It's no
entire Jewish p
siege. Today, S
their future and
Remarks at the Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington
cabees once did.
During the Observance of Hanukkah
ful one. Some
December 4, 1983
from the Soviel
trying to assert t
Well, thank you all very much, and may I
the menorah coming together as one. And
just say what an honor and a joy it is to be
as the menorah's light grows stronger, with
with you this afternoon for this Hanukkah
one candle being lit each day, we can feel
Remarks at a
celebration.
the flame of freedom burning in your
The family activities that you've planned
hearts. And that flame should inspire
Honorees
here, so many children, teenagers, and par-
people everywhere.
December 4,
ents, is of great importance to the meaning
Hanukkah is symbolic of the Jewish strug-
of America, the wealth of our culture, and
gle to resist submission to tyranny and to
the strength of our values. Preserving the
Good evening
sustain its spiritual heritage. No people have
strength of families and family values is the
welcome you al
fought longer, struggled harder, or sacri-
key to America's future.
home that belon
ficed more to survive, to grow, and to live
President Kei
We've just seen the beautiful symbolic
in freedom than the people of Israel.
lighting of the Hanukkah menorah. At sun-
looked forward t
Whether we be Americans or Israelis, we
down you and your families will light your
are all children of Abraham, children of the
grace and beau
own menorahs. As we heard, when God
same God. The bonds between our two
throughout the
kept the oil in the eternal flame burning for
peoples are growing stronger, and they
strength but foi
8 days, he gave us the miracle of Hanukkah,
must not and will never be broken.
Well, today we
a holiday of hope and rededication for
Israel's quest for peace and security is in
Center for the P
every Jewish family.
constant peril from those driven by hatred
five Americans V
We're reminded of Jewish unity and di-
and violence. But as I told Prime Minister
deal about grace
versity by the eight separate branches of
Shamir last week, Israel has a friend in
helped build a di
tion.
1650
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1983 / Dec. 4
1 an effect on
America, and good friends stand together.
religion and preserve their heritage. In
know. All I
We're also making sure that Israel is not
their struggle, we must not forsake them.
inated by the
hurt in the United Nations. Ambassador
We will not remain silent.
Kirkpatrick is our watchdog on this, and let
Our hearts go out to heroes like Anatoly
S now?
me assure you, one thing about Jeane, she is
Shcharanskiy and Iosif Begun, imprisoned
nerican efforts
a very determined woman. But just so no
for their love of God and freedom. And
of Lebanon?
one gets any ideas, let me be blunt: If Israel
there are so many more.
is ever forced to leave the U.N., the United
We will not remain silent when Avi Gold-
his retaliatory
States and Israel will leave together.
stein, a 10-year-old boy being harassed by
I think it's wonderful that the American
the KGB, asked visiting Samantha Smith to
negotiate a
Jewish community is using Hanukkah to
convey his family's appeal for emigration.
assist Jews in the Soviet Union. And how
We will not remain silent when Lev
that it doesn't
hope that the
good it is to know that, at this very
Furman, one of Moscow's leading Hebrew
moment, Jews who have fled oppression are
teachers, has been persecuted, seen his
vay. But we're
ission that we
here with us taking their first steps toward
house vandalized, and been robbed of his
teaching materials.
go, and that is
becoming American citizens. On behalf of
more than 230 million Americans, may I say
To every religious dissident trapped in
this cold, cruel existence, we Americans
ank you.
to you, welcome to your new family.
send our love and support. We appeal to
We know that the emigration of Jews
people everywhere to open their hearts and
1:39 p.m. at
from the Soviet Union is practically
to raise their voices in support of our broth-
ite House. He
stopped. They're constantly ridiculed, har-
ers and sisters. Together, let us pray that
: House from
assed, beaten, and arrested by Soviet au-
the warm lights of Hanukkah will spread
thorities. It's no exaggeration to say their
the spirit of freedom and reach, comfort,
entire Jewish population feels it is under
and sustain every person who is suffering
siege. Today, Soviet Jews are fighting for
tonight.
their future and their freedom, as the Mac-
Happy Hanukkah, and God bless you all.
shington
cabees once did. But their fight is a peace-
ful one. Some are struggling to emigrate
Note: The President spoke at 3:24 p.m. in
from the Soviet Union. Many others are
the auditorium of the community center,
trying to assert their rights to practice their
which is located in Rockville, Md.
r as one. And
stronger, with
; we can feel
Remarks at a White House Reception for Kennedy Center
ning in your
hould inspire
Honorees
December 4, 1983
Jewish strug-
ranny and to
Good evening again. I'm very pleased to
Even as a little girl, Katherine Dunham
o people have
welcome you all to the White House, the
loved to dance. When only 8, she created a
der, or sacri-
home that belongs to all of us.
N, and to live
neighborhood controversy by staging a cab-
Israel.
President Kennedy once said that he
aret to raise money for her church. [Laugh-
looked forward to an America "not afraid of
or Israelis, we
ter] At the University of Chicago, she
hildren of the
grace and beauty, an America respected
founded her own dance troupe and discov-
een our two
throughout the world not only for its
ered anthropology, a discipline that enabled
er, and they
strength but for its civilization as well."
her to study the dance of many cultures.
oken.
Well, today we join the John F. Kennedy
In the decades since, Miss Dunham has
security is in
Center for the Performing Arts in honoring
become a noted anthropologist, an author, a
en by hatred
five Americans who have taught us a great
great choreographer, and a role model for
rime Minister
deal about grace and beauty, five who've
an entire generation of dancers. Her studies
a friend in
helped build a distinctive American civiliza-
have taken her to Brazil, the Caribbean,
tion.
and Africa. I understand that in one Carib-
1651
Hanakbeh Dec 12 - 11:30 am
4-5 minutes
Jeavons - grossman
Room 450
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1984 / Dec. 21
embled in the Briefing
use for his daily press
Message on the Observance of Hanukkah
n at 9:32 a.m.
December 21, 1984
Nancy joins me in sending our warmest
to preserve the Jewish religion. Today, their
Speakes on Steel
freetings to all those celebrating one of the
descendants have been similarly blessed.
Hanukkah-The Festival of Lights.
times in the Jewish calendar,
Truly, Hanukkah is a festival whose celebra-
tion is meaningful in a contemporary as
This holiday commemorates the Macca-
well as an historical context.
bees victory over their oppressors and the
The candles of the Menorah attest to the
tative. He considers
valiant spirit of their battle. Two thousand
victory of freedom and righteousness. May
e a step in the right dir
years ago, God blessed their efforts to retain
their light be a source of strength and inspi-
independent Jewish commonwealth and
ration to all of you and to all mankind.
it overall steel import
.S. market will decline M
esult of these agreement
steel industry will be
Informal Exchange With Reporters on Foreign and Domestic Issues
world markets.
December 21, 1984
eakes read the statement
ed in the Briefing Room N
O. Mr. President, some conservatives are
The President. Well, I know that in that
ise during his daily
complaining that George Shultz is stacking
great distance there's probably a reason
egan at noon.
the State Department with moderates and
why he doesn't know what he's talking
turning away from your policies.
about. He doesn't understand exactly what
The President. I have read all of that and,
it is that we're researching, but we're going
no, it is not true. And he and I have met
to be very pleased to let them know exactly
and discussed all of the changes that are
what it is that we're talking about. And I
being made and most of those are just rota-
think they'll see that maybe it's better if we
tions. The individuals are going from one
have a world in which you've got some kind
place to another. And it just isn't true.
of a defense that maybe can destroy weap-
than any gift or toy, oma
Q. So, you approve of it, then?
ons without killing millions of people.
S resolve that this Christ
Q. Are you satisfied with the way he's
Q. But both Mitterrand and Thatcher are
that first Christmas 0
running the department?
also concerned about it, sir.
ior treasures. And let the
The President. Yes, there's a limit to how
The President. Well, I'll get them to un-
ur many blessings with
long you prefer to leave, particularly, the
derstand what it is, too. Today the only de-
the year to come-from
career Ambassadors in one particular place.
fensive weapon we have is to threaten that
helpless near at hand to
You give them a change of scenery.
if they kill millions of our people, we'll kill
turmoil in distant lands
Q. Did your advisers tell you you should
millions of theirs. I don't think there's any
and beyond.
get tough with Prime Minister Nakasone on
morality in that at all. We're trying to look
her with our family and
trade?
for something that will make those weapons
arist, we can experience
The President. How can I get tough with
obsolete, and they can be eliminated once
d joy as the shepherds
very good friend?
and for all. Mr. President, when you come
nost two thousand years.
Q. Did they ask you to press him more on
back from Christmas and from New Year's,
peace and joy a part of
trade?
do you think you'll have a second honey-
le will serve as a guide
The President. No, he is being most coop-
moon with the Congress?
for everyone we meet
erative, and he has some of the same prob-
The President. If I've had a honeymoon
at the joy of this holl
lems I do. He has some people in govern-
with the Congress, romance has been dead
in with us all through-
ment that don't always agree with what
in Washington for 4 years.
r. May God bless you,
he's trying to do, but "we have made great
Mr. Roussel. Thank you, Mr. President.
RONALD REAGAN
progress. But there's a long way to go yet,
and he knows that, too.
Q. What do you think of Mr. Gorbachev
Note: The exchange began at 3:17 p.m. at
and his criticism of "Star Wars"?
the South Portico of the White House. The
1901
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1985 / Dec. 9
ticular aspects of the pending bills. As I
maintaining the status quo-a tax system
have said, they can only be considered a
with all its inequities, complexities, and ten-
good start, not an end product. More can
dencies to discourage efficient economic
and must be done to reduce tax rates fur-
growth. That is not what I want. It is not
ther, and lower the cost of capital, so we
what the American people want. I trust it is
can strengthen economic growth and op-
not what the House wants.
portunity for every American.
I strongly urge you to vote for tax
A tremendous amount of work has al-
reform-the Republican alternative or,
ready gone into the process that has
should it not prevail, the Ways and Means
brought us this far. If a bill does not move
bill. A vote against final passage in the
House would doom our efforts to achieve
forward from the House now, it is reasona-
real tax reform for the American people.
ble to suggest that tax reform might be
We must not allow that to happen.
"dead" for several years. From this perspec-
tive, the House vote is essentially a vote on
Note: Larry M. Speakes, Principal Deputy
whether or not to sustain the possibility of
Press Secretary to the President, read the
tax reform-to allow the legislative process
President's letter at 9:17 a.m. to reporters in
to continue in the difficult effort to fashion
the Briefing Room at the White House. The
a satisfactory bill.
original was not available for verification
To fail to advance a bill now would mean
of the content of this letter.
Message on the Observance of Hanukkah
December 9, 1985
I am delighted to send my warmest
families gratefully remember the miracle of
greetings to everyone marking the joyous
God's sustaining love which has brought
feast of Hanukkah, which commemorates
them through every trial and persecution.
one of the most significant and symbolic
The Miracle of the Flame is a message of
events in Jewish history.
hope against great odds, of rededication in
The story of the Maccabees and their
the midst of doubt and oppression. It, and
brave struggle has inspired Jewish families
all the other beautiful traditions of Hanuk-
down through the ages, calling to mind the
kah, remind people everywhere that the
valor and zeal of their forebears and bring-
light of God's presence can never be extin-
ing to life the rich character of their herit-
guished by the night of fear and human
age. Hanukkah provides a fitting opportuni-
malice.
ty to reflect on the gifts a generous God
Nancy joins me in wishing His choicest
ever wills to bestow on those who are faith-
blessings on all who observe this holiday.
ful to Him.
May the fires of faith and reverence you
As each candle of the menorah is lighted
seek to rekindle on this feast blaze with
over the eight days of celebration, Jewish
renewed power the whole year through.
Nomination of H. Lawrence Garrett III To Be General Counsel of
the Department of Defense
December 9, 1985
The President today announced his inten-
to be General Counsel of the Department
tion to nominate H. Lawrence Garrett III
of Defense. He would succeed Chapman B.
1453
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1987 / Dec. 15
Message on the Observance of Hanukkah, 1987
December 15, 1987
I am happy to send greetings to Jews ev-
birth of the Soviet Jewry movement and
erywhere as they celebrate the festival of
the responsive chord it has struck among
Hanukkah. At this special time there is
Jews throughout the world. These examples
great joy in commemorating both the victo-
show that the message of Hanukkah is time-
ry of the Maccabees and the miracle of the
less. Its lessons inspire the struggles of today
lights in ancient Israel.
and the victories of tomorrow.
There has been more than enough trage-
As you share the Hanukkah story with
dy in Jewish history, but Jews have always
believed in their own future. This faith
your families and friends, Nancy and I join
brought victory to the Maccabees, accounts
you in rededication to a world truly blessed
for the founding of the modern State of
by peace and by freedom.
Israel, and explains the equally inspiring
RONALD REAGAN
Appointment of Susan J. Crawford as General Counsel of the Army
December 15, 1987
The President today announced his inten-
in Oakland, MD, 1979-1981, and an associ-
tion to appoint Susan J. Crawford to be
ate, 1977-1979. From 1978 to 1979, she also
General Counsel of the Department of the
served as the assistant State's attorney for
Army, Department of Defense.
Garrett County, MD.
Since 1983 Mrs. Crawford has been Gen-
Mrs. Crawford graduated from Bucknell
eral Counsel of the Army for the Depart-
University (B.A., 1969) and New England
ment of Defense at the Pentagon in Wash-
School of Law (J.D., 1977). She was born
ington, DC. Prior to this she was Principal
Deputy General Counsel of the Army,
April 22, 1947, in Pittsburgh, PA. She is
1981-1983. Mrs. Crawford was a partner in
married, has one child, and resides in Falls
the firm of Burnett, Eiswert, and Crawford
Church, VA.
Nomination of Robert J. Kabel To Be a Member of the Foreign
Claims Settlement Commission of the United States
December 15, 1987
The President today announced his inten-
1985. Mr. Kabel was legislative director for
tion to nominate Robert J. Kabel to be a
Senator Richard G. Lugar, 1977-1982; and
member of the Foreign Claims Settlement
legislative assistant for Senator Paul Fannin,
Commission of the United States for the
1975-1977. Mr. Kabel was assistant to the
term expiring September 30, 1989. He
Governor, Office of Governor Winfield
would succeed Joseph Wentling Brown.
Dunn in Nashville, TN, 1972-1975.
Since 1985 Mr. Kabel has been a partner
Mr. Kabel graduated from Denison Uni-
with Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg & Evans
versity (B.A., 1969), Vanderbilt University
in Washington, DC. Prior to this he was
School of Law (J.D., 1972), and Georgetown
Special Assistant to the President for Legis-
University Law Center (LL.M., 1979). He
lative Affairs at the White House, 1982-
served in the United States Army from De-
1525
PN6081
H47
WH
The Book
of Hollywood
Quotes
Compiled by GaryHerman
PREVIOUS SPREAD: CECIL B. DE MILLE AND CREW IN ACTION. OPPOSITE: MARY PICKFORD.
Omnibus Press
London/New York/Sydney/Tokyo/Cologne
Some people have youth, some have
A lot of ao
beauty. I have menace.
working. 1
Edward G. Robinson.
own scene
movie set
Anyone who works is a fool. I don't
typewrit
work - I merely inflict myself
on the public.
Robert Morley.
I just put
I don't pretend to be an ordinary
housewife.
Elizabeth Taylor.
I have no
I want to go on until they have to shoot
dancing.
me.
outlet 01
Barbara Stanwyck.
m
Can't act. Can't sing. Slightly bald. Can
dance a little.
Unnamed studio talent scout,
He give
on Fred Astaire.
Katharin
I don't hurt the industry. The industry
hurts itself, by making so many lousy
movies as if General Motors
reporting back
deliberately put out a bad car.
results of the f:
CHARLES
Humphrey Bogart.
Alfred! It
I was always the guy behind the guy
The can
behind the gun.
things. You
Every time I walk into a restaurant I get
He's a very, very bad actor, but he
Humphrey Bogart,
but the Γ
not only soup but an impersonation of
absolutely loves doing it.
on his movie apprenticeship.
superb. :
Captain Bligh.
David Niven, on himself.
marvellous
Charles Laughton.
I'm a professional. I've done pretty
my darlin
I'm a woman who's unfaithful to a
well, don't you think? I've survived in a
career be
Mr. Zukor, you have put the best of me
million men.
pretty rough business.
were you, ]
in pickle for all time.
Greta Garbo.
Humphrey Bogart.
they've d
Sarah Bernhardt,
after seeing herself in Adolph Zukor's version of
She didn't want to be famous. She
absolutely
Queen Elizabeth' (1912).
I'm not organised. I'm tenacious.
like some C
wanted to be happy.
Lily Tomlin.
simply col
You're only as good as your last
Clark Gable, on Jean Harlow.
picture.
I want to play the role of Jesus. I'm a
Marie Dressler.
With me it was 5 per cent talent and 95
logical choice. I look the part. I'm a
per cent publicity.
Jew. And I'm a comedian.
Marion Davies.
I played an unsympathetic part -
Charlie Chaplin,
to a producer contemplating a Life of Christ', 1922.
myself.
Oscar Levant,
Every man I knew had fallen in love
I wouldn't act a role if it was not felt as
When I cr
on his role in 'Humoresque'.
with Gilda and wakened with me.
dominating the whole story.
run all the
Rita Hayworth
(Gilda was the character she played in her first
Orson Welles.
I allow myself to be understood as a
successful film).
Margaret
colourful fragment in a drab world.
Errol Flynn.
A girl is a girl. It's nice to be told you're
successful at it.
I'll live this half of my life - I don't care
Rita Hayworth.
about the other half.
Errol Flynn.
When I started out I didn't have any
desire to be an actress or to learn how
Old Errol died laughing. Can you beat
to act. I just wanted to be famous.
that?
Katharine Hepburn.
Telegram from Tony Britton to Trevor
Howard.
Brando Scalds Balls at Prince de Galles.
Marlon Brando.
The man that's out to do something has
A headline suggested by him after a hotel-waiter
to keep in high gear all the time.
inadvertently spilt boiling water on his lap.
Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.
The monster was the best friend I ever
To be a success an actress must have the
had.
face of Venus, the brain of Minerva, the
Boris Karloff.
grace of Terpsichore, the memory or
Macaulay, the figure of Juno and the
What does 'inept' mean?
hide of a rhinoceros.
Jayne Mansfield,
on reading the reviews of her stage debut in 'Will
ORSON WELLES.
MARGARET O'BRIEN.
Ethel Barrymore.
Success Spoil Rock Hunter'.
40
Mean, Moody, Magnificent.
Anonymous caption
for poster of Jane Russell in 'The Outlaw'. released
1946.
It took more than one man to change
my name to Shanghai Lily.
Marlene Dietrich,
in 'Shanghai Express:
You better come up and see me.
Mae West,
to Cary Grant in 'I'm No Angel'.
Beulah, peel me a grape.
Mae West, in 'I'm No Angel'.
In Italy for 30 years under the Borgias
they had warfare, terror, murder,
bloodshed. They produced
Michaelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and
the Renaissance. In Switzerland they
had brotherly love, 500 years of
democracy and peace, and what did
they produce? The cuckoo clock
Orson Welles, in 'The Third Man'.
Of all the gin joints in all the towns in
all the world, she walks into mine.
Humphrey Bogart, in 'Casablanca'.
JEANHARLOW
Excuse me while I slip into something
more comfortable.
Jean Harlow, in 'Hell's Angels'.
You ain't heard nothing yet.
You Can't Take It With You.
Al Jolson,
George S. Kaufman, title of play and
Here's looking at you kid.
in "The Jazz Singer', the first commercially successful
film.
Humphrey Bogart, in 'Casablanca'.
synchronised sound movie.
Me Tarzan, you Jane.
Live fast, die young and have a
Tennis, anyone?
Johnny Weissmuller,
good-looking corpse.
Humphrey Bogart,
in Tarzan the Ape Man'.
John Derek, in 'Knock On Any Door'.
the first line he spoke on the professional stage.
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
Mother of Mercy, is this the end of
Reach for the sky!
Anita Loos, title of book and film.
Rico?
Tom Mix.
Edward G. Robinson,
Play it, Sam. Play 'As Time Goes By'.
in 'Little Caesar'.
I never said, 'I want to be alone'. I only
Ingrid Bergman, in 'Casablanca'.
said, 'I want to be let alone'.
There are eight million stories in the
Greta Garbo.
naked city. This has been one of them.
Albert Maltz and Marvin Wald,
I want to be alone.
from 'The Naked City'.
Greta Garbo, in 'Grand Hotel'.
A man's gotta do what a man's gotta
Never give a sucker an even break.
do.
Edward Francis Albee
(also attributed to W.C. Fields).
Alan Ladd, in 'Shane'.
Bury my heart at Wounded Knee.
Am I making myself clear, boys?
Stephen Vincent Benét, 1927.
Mae West,
in 'She Done Him Wrong'.
Compliment to Mae West in 'Night
After Night': 'Goodness, what beautiful
If you want anything, just whistle.
Lauren Bacall,
diamonds,'
in 'To Have and To Have Not.'
Mae West:
'Goodness had nothing to do with it,
Yes, they have no bananas.
dearie'.
Thomas Mitchell,
I've been things and seen places.
as the Kid in 'Only-Angels Have Wings'.
LEFT: ALAN LADD IN 'SHANE'.
Mae West,
Rosebud!
CENTRE: HUMPHREY BOGART AND INGRID BERGMAN IN 'CASABLANCA'.
in 'She Done Him Wrong'.
Orson Welles, in 'Citizen Kane'.
Play It Again, Sam.
Title of stage play and film written by
What's up, Doc?
Woody Allen.
Bugs Bunny.
123
We should all make a killing in this
The only Greek tragedy I know is
The difference between me and other
business. There's so much money
Spyros Skouras.
producers is that I am interested in the
in the pot.
Billy Wilder.
thousands and thousands of details that
Irving Thalberg
(Skouras was president of 20th-Century Fox for
several years).
go into the making of a film. It is the
sum total of all these things that either
If you are in a position to give credit,
The great tragedy here at Fox is not so
makes a great picture or destroys it.
you don't need it.
much the pictures we made but the
David O. Selznick.
Irving Thalberg,
pictures we didn't make.
asked why he kept his name off the credits of his
Jerry Wald, 1962.
films.
I understand that an assignment with
Executives can come in at nine, railroad
you consists of three months work and
For the good of the business as a whole,
presidents can come in at nine, bank
six months recuperation.
never let your standard be less
presidents can come in at nine, why in
Nunnally Johnson, to David O.
than great.
hell can't you come in at nine?
Selznick.
Irving Thalberg.
Jack Warner,
to writers Julius and Philip Epstein, on their casual
working hours.
It's somehow symbolic of Hollywood
Entertainment is Thalberg's god. He's
that Tara was just an empty façade with
Dear J. L. Have the bank president
content to serve him without billing,
no rooms inside.
finish the script.
like a priest at an altar or a rabbi under
David O. Selznick,
The Epsteins,
on the house in 'Gone With the Wind'.
the scrolls.
in a note to Warner attached to the first thirty pages
Charles MacArthur.
of their next screenplay:
Very few people have mastered the art
I can't understand it, Jack. We came in
of enjoying their wealth. I have
A Broadway producer with an
every morning at nine.
mastered the art, and therefore I spend
investment of five hundred dollars in a
Julius Epstein,
my time enjoying myself.
dramatic script puts up another 500 and
after Jack Warner had judged a script by Julius and
David O. Selznick,
tells the author to work on his second
his brother Philip to be 'a piece of cTap'.
on his retirement.
act for another couple of months. I
Jack Warner has oilcloth pockets so he
can't do that. I've got a schedule to
can steal soup.
Every time Paul Muni parts his beard
meet. If a man brings in a script and it's
Wilson Mizner.
and looks down a telescope, this
got good characters and dialogue but no
company loses two million dollars.
comedy, I get a man who can do
John's a very headstrong, difficult man.
Hal Wallis,
comedy - and hope to God he won't
I've tried to explain to him, we've had
on Warner Brothers' excessive output of biopics in
the thirties.
spoil the characters. Some people are
World War I, World War II, and now
weak on character-building, and I put
this Korean War - everywhere in
I have had a hand in the editing of every
them to work with a man that's
America, in practically every home,
picture ever made by Warner Brothers.
first-rate that way. I know they don't
there's some family with a veteran who
Jack Warner.
like it, and I don't like it myself. What
was wounded. So I asked John, why
can I do?
does Gregory Peck have to have one
Read it? I can't even lift it.
Irving Thalberg.
leg?
Jack Warner,
H. M. Warner,
after Mervyn LeRoy suggested he read Harvey
When I came to America twenty-five
complaining about John Huston's expensive and
Allen's 'Anthony Adverse'.
years ago to direct 'Rebecca', David
ultimately unsuccessful film of 'Moby Dick' in which
Peck played Ahab.
Selznick sent me a memo
I've just
I would rather take a fifty-mile hike
finished reading it
I think I may turn
1810? When was that?
than crawl through a book. I prefer to
it into a motion picture
I plan to call
Unnamed Universal producer,
skip the long ones and get a synopsis
it "The Longest Story Ever Told'.
to script writer Ed Hartmann. after Hartmann had
suggested that a story would work better if it was set
from the story department.
Alfred Hitchcock, 1965.
in 1810.
Jack Warner.
HAIR
BETTE DAVIS AND JOAN CRAWFORD WITH JACK WARNER.
35
It will never be possible to synchronize
I can remember vividly how tough it
the voice with the pictures. This is true
was on actors and actresses when the
because the very nature of the films
silent pictures gave way to talkies. That
foregoes not only the necessity for but
microphone was a nemesis - if you
the propriety of the spoken word.
didn't record well, you were finished.
Music - fine music - will always be the
There was a fire one day at Paramount,
voice of the silent drama
There will
and Clara Bow ran out screaming, 'I
never be speaking pictures.
hope to Christ it was the sound stages.'
D. W. Griffith, 1924.
Joseph Mankiewicz.
The talkies made me sound as if I'd
Who the hell wants to hear actors talk?
been castrated.
H. M. Warner.
Tallulah Bankhead.
e
IRVING THALBERG.
10
high hopes for the picture, work our
heads off on it and the result was always
the same. Then we'd show it in a
theatre with a girl down in the pit
pounding away at a piano and there
would be all the difference in the world.
Without that music there wouldn't have
nd
i'll
been a movie industry at all.
Irving Thalberg.
ho
at
In the year 2024 the most important
single thing which the cinema will have
at
helped in a large way to accomplish will
be that of eliminating from the face of
re
the civilized world all armed conflict.
at
Pictures will be the most powerful
a
factor in bringing about this condition.
With the use of the universal language
ick
of moving pictures the true meaning of
to
the brotherhood of man will have been
on,
established throughout the earth. For
S
example, the Englishman will have
I be
learned that the soul of the Japanese is,
o
essentially, the same as his own. The
en.
Frenchman will realize that the
he
American's ideals are his ideals. All
d,
men are created equal.
) be
D. W. Griffith, 1924.
the
ra
I was a young kid, an assistant sales
tor
manager at Universal in the East. In
e
those days, Adolph Zukor with his
ne
Famous Players Co. was king of the
V to
business. One day Uncle Carl called me
th.
into his office. He spoke with a thick
will
German accent. 'Yulius,' he said, 'vat's
e.
de matter ve don't get Zukor's prices
e
for our pictures?' I was a brash,
outspoken kid and I wasn't worried
ou
about losing my job, so I told him the
ilent
truth. 'If we had good pictures, we'd get
reat
good prices,' I told him, 'but the truth
iters
is, Mr. Laemmle, our pictures are
lousy." Laemmle nodded his head.
the
Vell, Yulius,' he said, 'if you can't get
y all
the prices, you get the wolume.'
great
Jules Levy.
The lunatics have taken charge of the
/e'd
asylum.
Richard Rowland,
TALLULAH BANKHEAD.
four
on hearing the news that Mary Pickford, Douglas
ut
Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin and D. W. Griffith had
d have
formed their own company - United Artists.
11
The writer is a necessary evil.
Hollywood would sap the vitality of a
Irving Thalberg.
Shakespeare. They are intelligent
'Where's the menace?:
enough to know that they are writing
Where is the menace? I can answer that
There was a law in the studios - hire
trash, but they are not intelligent
very simply. You are the menace.
only the best. As a result, the writer
enough to do anything about it.
George Middleton,
playwright, to Fox producer Sol Wurtzel, after
who had written well in some other
Dalton Trumbo.
Wurtzel kept demanding a Middleton script.
medium was paid the most. His task
was not to write as well for the movies.
'Well
how is it coming?'
has
It's a terrible thing to say, but I can't
His large salary was a bribe.
been the standard greeting to
think of good women writers. Of
Ben Hecht, 1957.
screenwriters throughout the ages,
course, calling them women writers is
spoken always in a suspicious, accusing
their ruin; they begin to think of
If there was any truth in the original it
tone of voice.
themselves that way.
had been carefully altered. If anything
Ken Englund.
Dorothy Parker.
had been left unchanged it was because
it was untrue.
What I have crossed out I didn't like.
The boss who hired Dostoyevski to
Graham Greene,
What I haven't crossed out I am
write like Horatio Alger somehow
on 'Orient Express', the film version of his book
Stamboul Train'.
dissatisfied with.
became Feodor's superior.
Cecil B. de Mille, returning a writer's
Ben Hecht.
They ruin your stories. They massacre
script.
your ideas. They prostitute your art.
You call this a script? Give me a couple
They trample on your pride. And what
Take out the essentials and what have
of 5000-dollar-a-week writers and I'll
do you get for it? A fortune.
you got?
write it myself.
Unnamed screenwriter.
MGM executive's typical comment
Joe Pasternak.
when assessing script ideas.
Never let that bastard back in here -
Writing cheaply, writing falsely, writing
unless we need him.
Since arriving, I have written four
with 'less' than you have, is a painful
Variously attributed to L. B. Mayer,
versions of 'Abraham Lincoln',
thing. To betray belief is to feel sinful,
Harry Cohn, Jack L. Warner, Harry
including a good one, playable in their
guilty - and taste bad. Nor is movie
M. Warner, Sam Goldwyn and Adolph
required time. That, of course, is out.
writing easier than good writing. It's
Zukor, after dismissing a troublesome
Seven people, including myself, are
just as hard to make a toilet seat as it is
writer.
now working in conferences on the fifth
a castle window. But the view is
one which promises to be the worst yet.
different.
Writers clutter up a story conference.
If I don't get out of here soon I am
Ben Hecht.
Eddie Mannix.
going crazy. Perhaps I am crazy now. I
wouldn't be surprised.
Try to find out who the star of your film
I want to know one thing - just what
Stephen Vincent Benét.
will actually be. It's very disconcerting
was the motivation of the man-eating
to have written something for Joan
tiger?
Charlie (MacArthur) and I worked
Crawford and find it's Lana Turner
Unnamed producer,
together in Hollywood on many scripts.
during a script conference on a jungle picture.
who'll be the actual star. Secondly,
We had the same opinions, although we
never tackle a screenplay at the
expressed them differently. I was for
beginning of its development. Let the
I feel the first draft of a script should be
broadcasting mine. Charlie said,
producer and his other writers mess it
done by the writer, completely
'Complaints are only a sign that you've
up and then, when they're faced with an
independent of anyone once the subject
been hurt. Keep the wounds out of
actual shooting date, you do the final
matter is agreed upon. That's how they
sight.' We argued this point from our
job. And finally, you must learn not to
get the most from me. I have had my
earliest meetings. Once, in a speakeasy,
let them break your heart.
say, now I'm wide open to suggestions.
Dorothy Parker quoted Hemingway's
Donald Ogden Stewart,
Dalton Trumbo.
line that 'courage is grace under
advice to screenwriters.
pressure.' I dissented. Charlie agreed.
I'm afraid I lean on a script, and
'That's posing for others,' I said.
When Jack Warner hired him to write
probably that's where my mark gets left
Charlie said, 'It's posing for yourself.'
scripts at the studio, Mizner came into
for better or worse, probably with
Ben Hecht.
Warner's office with the Los Angeles
varying responses from the authors
telephone book, dropped it on his desk
depending on how intruded upon they
It was said that if anyone could sign his
and said, 'This might have been good
feel
I do very little makeshift work
name to a contract he was sure of an
for a picture - except it has too many
I know less abo
on the set. I like to go in with a strong
annual salary of at least 100,000 dollars
characters in it.'
But so does the
script and adhere to it pretty closely.
- for two weeks.
Joseph L. Mankiewicz.
exactly those o
Arthur Penn.
Marc Connelly,
don't like, the
on the 'Hollywood writing rush' of the 20's and 30's.
Unnamed successful screenwriter,
Unnamed Holly
The basic art of motion pictures is the
questioning the existence of a stratum of low paid
Hollywood writers the so-called 75-dollar-a-week
Ma
screenplay; it is fundamental, without it
I want this to be the story of a typical
writers' during a Screen Writers' Guild meeting:
I do most of m
there is nothing.
American family. Just simple, ordinary
Tell me, do you know any
That's
Raymond Chandler.
people, the kind you meet every day on
75-dollar-a-week writers?
Rober
the street. Typical, see - the father
Herman Mankiewicz, replying;
You can't stick to the written word
when a scene is transformed
makes about twenty thousand a year.
I know lots of them, but they're all
Being a good wr
Unnamed MGM producer,
making 1500 dollars a week.
Writing is almo
unpredictably just by the look of a
instructing two writers, C. 1935.
flagpole sitting (a
particular actor or the way the setting
It's just a damn good hot-tale, so don't
It took me fifteen years to discover that
as passé). You
fits around the camera.
get a lot of thees and thous and thums
I had no talent for writing, but I
door, and fu
John Boorman.
on your mind.
couldn't give it up because by that time
Ber
Cecil B. de Mille,
I was too famous.
The system under which writers work in
The biggest obs
to a writer working on one of his biblical epics.
Robert Benchley.
writing today
60
DII
C45
1990
WH
ANNUAL
EVENTS
Thirty-Third Year of Publication
Special Days, Weeks & Months in 1990
An Almanac and Survey of the Year:
A Calendar of Holidays, Holy Days, National and Ethnic Days,
Seasons, Astronomical Phenomena, Festivals and Fairs,
Anniversaries, Birthdays, Special Events and
Traditional Observances of all kinds, the World over.
CB
CONTEMPORARY
BOOKS
CHICAGO . NEW YORK
Dec
Chase's Annual Events
1990
INDIANA: ADMISSION DAY. Dec 11. Became 19th state on
JAY, JOHN: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Dec 12. American
this day in 1816.
statesman, diplomat and first chief justice of the US Supreme
LA GUARDIA, FIORELLO HENRY: BIRTH ANNIVER-
Court (1789-1795), co-author (with Alexander Hamilton and
SARY. Dec 11. Popularly known as the "Little Flower," Fiorello
James Madison) of the influential Federalist papers, was born at
H. LaGuardia was not too busy as mayor of New York City to
New York, NY, on Dec 12, 1745. Jay died at Bedford, NY, on
read the "funnies" to radio listeners during the New York news-
May 17, 1829.
paper strike. He said of himself: "When I make a mistake it's a
KENYA: JAMHURI DAY. Dec 12. Jamhuri Day (Independence
beaut!" LaGuardia was born at New York City, Dec 11, 1882,
Day) is Kenya's official National Day, commemorating procla-
and died there on Sept 20, 1947.
mation of the republic on Dec 12, 1963.
UNICEF ANNIVERSARY. Dec 11. Anniversary of the establish-
MEXICO: GUADALUPE DAY. Dec 12. One of Mexico's major
ment by the United Nations General Assembly, on Dec 11, 1946,
celebrations. Honors the "Dark Virgin of Guadalupe," the re-
of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
public's patron saint. Parties and pilgrimages, with special cere-
(UNICEF).
monies at the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe, in Mexico City.
PENNSYLVANIA RATIFIES CONSTITUTION ANNIVER-
SARY. Dec 12. Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify
the US Constitution, by a vote of 46 to 23, on Dec 12, 1787.
POINSETTIA DAY. Dec 12. A day to enjoy poinsettias and to
honor Dr. Joel Roberts Poinsett, the American diplomat who
introduced the Central American plant which is named for him
into the US. Poinsett was born at Charleston SC, Mar 2, 1799.
He served as a member of Congress and as secretary of war, in
addition to his diplomatic positions. He died near Statesburg,
SC, Dec 12, 1851. The poinsettia has become a favorite Christ-
mas season plant.
BIRTHDAYS TODAY
BIRTHDAYS TODAY
Max Baucus, US Senator (D, Montana), born at Helena, MT, Dec
Tracy Austin, tennis player, born at Rolling Hills, CA, Dec 12,
11, 1941.
1962.
Teri Garr, actress, born at Lakewood, OH, Dec 11, 1949.
Bob Barker, TV personality, born at Darrington, WA, Dec 12,
Tom Hayden, journalist, activist, politician, born at Royal Oak,
1923.
MI, Dec 11, 1940.
Connie Francis (Constance Franconero), singer, born at
John F. Kerry, US Senator (D, Massachusetts), born at Denver,
Newark, NJ, Dec 12, 1938.
CO, Dec 11, 1943.
Edward Irwin Koch, former mayor of New York City, born at
Brenda Lee (Brenda Mae Tarpley), singer, born at Atlanta,
New York, NY, Dec 12, 1924.
GA, Dec 11, 1944.
Frank (Francis Albert) Sinatra, singer, born at Hoboken, NJ,
James G. Martin, Governor of North Carolina (R), born at
Dec 12, 1915.
Savannah, GA, Dec 11, 1935.
Dionne Warwick, singer, born at East Orange, NJ, Dec 12, 1941.
Donna Mills, actress, born at Chicago, IL, Dec 11, 1943.
Grover Washington, musician, born at Buffalo, NY, Dec 12,
Rita Moreno, singer, actress, born at Hunacao, Puerto Rico, Dec
1943.
11, 1931.
Wallace G. Wilkinson, Governor of Kentucky (D), born at
Carlo Ponti, producer, born at Milan, Italy, Dec 11, 1913.
Liberty, KY, Dec 12, 1941.
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, author, born at Kislo-
vodsk, USSR, Dec 11, 1918.
DECEMBER 12 - WEDNESDAY
DECEMBER 13 - THURSDAY
346th Day - Remaining, 19
347th Day - Remaining, 18
CHANUKAH. Dec 12-19. Feast of Lights, or Feast of Dedication.
BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA: ANNIVER-
Festival lasting eight days, beginning on Kislev 25. Commemo-
SARY. Dec 13. Confederate forces were victorious at the
rates victory of Maccabees over Syrians (165 Bc) and rededica-
Battle of Fredericksburg, VA, on Dec 13, 1862. Total casualties
tion of Temple of Jerusalem. Begins on Hebrew calendar date
on both sides estimated at more than 16,000 killed, injured or
Kislev 25, 5751.
missing. General Ambrose E. Burnside led Union troops; Gen-
FLAUBERT, GUSTAVE: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Dec 12.
eral Robert E. Lee led the Confederates.
French author whose works include one of the greatest French
BROOKS, PHILLIPS: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Dec 13.
novels, Madame Bouary, was born at Rouen on Dec 12, 1821.
American clergyman and composer born at Boston, MA, Dec
Flaubert died at Croisset, France, on May 8, 1880.
13, 1835. Perhaps best remembered for his lyrics for the Christ-
GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY.
mas carol "O Little Town of Bethlehem." Brooks died at Boston,
Dec 12. American antislavery leader, poet and journalist, was
Jan 23, 1893.
born at Newburyport, MA, on Dec 12, 1805. Garrison died at
HEINE, HEINRICH: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Dec 13. Ger-
New York, NY, on May 24, 1879.
man author, born at Dusseldorf, Dec 13, 1797. Died at Paris, Feb
17, 1856.
LINCOLN, MARY TODD: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Dec 13.
S M T W T F S
Wife of Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the US, born at
1
December
Lexington, KY, Dec 13, 1818. Died, July 16, 1882.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
MALTA: REPUBLIC DAY. Dec 13. National holiday. Malta
1990
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
became a republic on Dec 13, 1974.
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
SAINT LUCIA: NATIONAL HOLIDAY. Dec 13. Saint Lucia
Day is observed.
300
Kef.
DIN
G34
WH
Holidays and
Anniversaries
of the World
A Comprehensive Catalogue Containing Detailed Information
on Every Month and Day of the Year, with Extensive Coverage of
Holidays, Anniversaries, Fasts and Feasts, Holy Days, Days of the Saints,
the Blesseds, and Other Days of Heortological Significance,
Birthdays of the Famous, Important Dates in History, and Special
Events and Their Sponsors, with an Introduction on the Development
of Our Modern Calendar That Includes Notes of Interest on the
Egyptian, Babylonian, Hebrew, Roman, and Gregorian Calendars,
a Perpetual Calendar for the Years 1753-2100, a Projection
of Major Movable Feasts through 1990, As Well As a Glossary of
Time Words, the Text Arranged in Calendar Order and Supplemented
by an Index of All Listed Names and Events
FIRST EDITION
Laurence Urdang, Editorial Director
Christine N. Donohue, Editor
Frank R. Abate, Managing Editor
GALE RESEARCH COMPANY
BOOK TOWER
DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48226
If
Holidays
Kenya
Independence Day
Commemorates the
achievement of independence
December 12
from Great Britain, 1963.
Mexico
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Commemorates the appearance
of the Blessed Virgin to a young
Indian, 1531.
Birthdates
1520
Pope Sixtus V, pope 1585-90. [d. August
gust 2), of the neo-humanist movement in
27, 1590]
the U.S. [d. March 4, 1937]
1731
Erasmus Darwin, English physician, po-
1866
George Swinnerton Parker, U.S. games
et, and speculative thinker; grandfather of
manufacturer; founder of Parker Brothers,
Charles Darwin (February 12). [d. April 18,
manufacturers of Monopoly. [d. Septem-
1802]
ber 26, 1952]
1745
John Jay, American public official, jurist;
Alfred Werner, Swiss chemist; Nobel Prize
President of Continental Congress, 1778;
in chemistry for studies of molecular
first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme
structure, 1913. [d. November 15, 1919]
Court, 1789-94. [d. May 17, 1829]
1872
1786
William Learned Marcy, U.S. politician;
Albert Payson Terhune, U.S. novelist;
first to articulate the concept of the spoils
known for his novels about collies, includ-
system; Governor of New York, 1833-39;
ing Lad, a Dog. [d. February 18, 1942]
U.S. Secretary of War, 1844-50; U.S. Secre-
1875
Karl Rudolf von Rundstedt, German Ar-
tary of State, 1853-57. [d. July 4, 1857]
my field marshal; Chief of General Staff,
1803
James Challis, British astronomer; one of
World War I; Commander in Chief on
first to observe the planet Neptune. [d. De-
Western Front, 1942-45. [d. February 24,
cember 3, 1882]
1953]
1805
Henry William Dwight Wells, U.S. trans-
1881
Harry Warner, U.S. motion picture execu-
portation executive; with his partner, Wil-
tive; co-founder of Warner Brothers movie
liam George Fargo (May 20), formed the
empire with his brothers Jack (August 2)
Wells, Fargo & Co., 1852, express and com-
and Albert (July 23). [d. July 25, 1958]
mercial transportation company. [d. De-
1893
Edward G. Robinson (Emanuel Golden-
cember 10, 1878]
burg), U.S. actor, born in Hungary; noted
1821
Gustave Flaubert, French novelist; author
for gangster roles during 1930s. [d. January
of Madame Bovary, a classic of French liter-
26, 1973]
ature. [d. May 8, 1880]
1915
Frank (Francis Albert) Sinatra, U.S. sing-
1838
Sherburne Wesley Burnham, U.S. as-
er, actor.
tronomer; noted for his discovery and cat-
aloging of double stars. [d. March 11, 1921]
1917
Dan Dailey, U.S. actor. [d. October 17,
1849
William Kissam Vanderbilt, U.S. finan-
1978]
cier; with his brother Cornelius, managed
1918
Eugene Burdick, U.S. novelist, political
the assets and investments of the Vander-
theorist. [d. July 26, 1965]
bilt empire, 1878-1903. [d. July 12, 1920]
1924
Edward Irving Koch, U.S. politician, law-
1864
Arthur Brisbane, U.S. journalist; noted for
yer; U.S. Congressman, 1969-76; Mayor of
his exploitation of the media and use of
New York City, 1977-
yellow journalism to build his fortune.
[d. December 25, 1936]
1928
Helen Frankenthaler, U.S. painter.
Paul Elmer More, U.S. philosopher, edi-
1929
John James Osborne, British playwright,
tor, critic; founder, with Irving Babbitt (Au-
screenwriter.
724
Religious Calendar
St. Vicelin, Bishop of Staargard, evangelizer of the
Wends. [d. 1154]
The Saints
St. Jane Frances de Chantal, widow and co-
SS. Epimachus and Alexander and other Mar-
founder of the Order of the Visitation. Feast formerly
tyrs. [d. 250]
August 21. [d. 1641] Optional Memorial.
St. Finnian of Clonard, bishop. Also called Finan,
or Finian. [d. C. 549]
The Beatified
St. Edburga, Abbess of Minster and virgin. Also
Blessed Thomas Holland, Jesuit priest and martyr.
called Eadburge, or Eadburh. [d. 751]
[d. 1642]
Historical Events
1417
Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, lead-
er of the Lollards, is burned and hanged.
He is later portrayed as Falstaff by Shake-
speare.
1787
Pennsylvania ratifies the Constitution
and becomes the second state in the Un-
ion.
1911
The capital of British India is changed
from Calcutta to Delhi.
1936
Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese leader, de-
clares war on Japan.
1963
Kenya gains independence from Great
Britain.
1966
Francis Chichester, British yachtsman,
completes a solo voyage from England to
Sydney, Australia, a distance of more than
14,000 miles, in 107 days.
1972
Orange soil is discovered by Apollo 17
astronauts Eugene A. Cernan and Harrison
H. Schmitt during their second day of ex-
ploration on the lunar surface.
725
Holidays
Japan
Sosuharai or Soot Sweeping
Day
A time of traditional year-end
house cleaning.
December 13
Malta
Repubic Day
Commemorates the
establishment of the Republic,
1974.
Sweden
St. Lucia Day
Birthdates
1553
Henry IV, King of France, 1589-1610; first
1879
Eleanor Robson Belmont, U.S. socialite,
of the Bourbon line; made enemies by
actress; legendary grande dame of New
giving tolerance to Protestants in the Edict
York society; wife of August Belmont (Feb-
of Nantes; assassinated. [d. May 14, 1610]
ruary 18); subject of George Bernard
1720
Count Carlo Gozzi, Italian dramatist; au-
Shaw's play, Major Barbara. [d. October 24,
thor of many fairy plays. [d. April 4, 1806]
1979]
1797
Heinrich Heine (Chaim Harry Heine),
1887
Alvin Cullum York, U.S. soldier; one of
German lyric poet; his lyrics are among the
most popular and decorated heroes of
best loved in German music. [d. February
World War I; the subject of the movie Ser-
17, 1856]
geant York. [d. December 2, 1964]
1804
Joseph Howe, Nova Scotian official, edi-
1890
Marc(us Cook) Connelly, U.S. dramatist;
tor; Governor of Nova Scotia, 1873. [d. June
Pulitzer Prize in drama, 1930. [d. December
1, 1873)
21, 1980]
1810
Clark Mills, U.S. sculptor; best known for
1897
Drew Pearson, U.S. columnist; known for
his equestrian statues of George Washing-
his muckraking column, (Washington Mer-
ton and Andrew Jackson. [d. January 12,
ry-Go-Round) which exposed and caused
1883)
the retirement of numerous corrupt public
1816
(Ernst) Werner von Siemens, brother of
figures. (d. September 1, 1969]
Friedrich Siemens (December 8), German
1902
inventor, industrialist; a pioneer in pro-
Talcott Parsons, U.S. sociologist; Profes-
ducing telegraphic equipment and the
sor of Sociology, Harvard University, 1927-
open-hearth process used in steel manu-
73; first chairman of Department of Social
facturing. [d. December 6, 1892]
Relations. [d. May 8, 1979)
1905
1818
Mary Todd Lincoln, U.S. First Lady; wife
Carey McWilliams, U.S. author, editor; so-
of Abraham Lincoln, 16th President. [d. Ju-
cial critic; editor, The Nation, 1955-75; au-
ly 26, 1882]
thor of more than 20 books on U.S. social
problems. [d. June 27, 1980)
1835
Phillips Brooks, U.S. Episcopal clergy-
1910
man, hymn writer; author of O Little Town
Lillian Roth (Lillian Rutstein), U.S. singer
of Bethlehem, 1868. [d. January 23, 1893]
of 1920s and 1930s. [d. May 12, 1980]
1844
1913
John Henry Patterson, U.S. manufactur-
Archie Moore (Archibald Lee Wright),
er; founder of the National Cash Register
U.S. boxer; World light-heavyweight cham-
Co. [d. May 7, 1922]
pion, 1952-61.
1856
Abbott Lawrence Lowell, U.S. political
1915
Ross MacDonald (Kenneth Millar), U.S.
scientist, educational administrator; Presi-
novelist, mystery writer; creator of fictional
dent, Harvard University, 1909-33; respon-
detective Lew Archer. [d. July 11, 1983)
sible for establishment of schools of archi-
Balthazar Johannes Vorster, South Afri-
tecture, business administration, educa-
can political leader; noted for his extremist
tion, and public health. [d. January 6, 1943]
policies; Prime Minister, 1966-78.
726
Religious Calendar
St. Odilia, virgin and abbess; patron of Alsace.
Invoked for sore eyes and other ophthalmic trou-
The Saints
bles. Also called Odile, Othilia, Othilla, or Ottilia.
St. Lucy, virgin and martyr. Patron of Syracuse, Sic-
[d. c. 720]
ily. Invoked against eye diseases, dysentery, and
St. Eustratius and his Companions, martyrs.
hemorrhages. Also called Lucia. [d. 304] Obligatory
[death date unknown]
Memorial.
St. Judoc, priest and hermit. Also called Jodoc, or
Josse. [d. 668]
The Beatified
St. Aubert, Bishop of Cambrai and Arras. Also called
Blessed John Marinoni, priest. [d. 1562]
Autbertus. [d. C. 669]
Blessed Antony Grassi, priest. [d. 1671]
1923
Philip Warren Anderson, U.S. physicist;
Nobel Prize in physics for developments in
solid state circuitry and theories of
magnetism and conduction (with J. H.
Van Vleck and N. F. Mott), 1977.
Historical Events
1250
Frederick II of Germany dies and is suc-
ceeded by Conrad IV.
1545
Council of Trent is opened, during which
Roman Catholics deal with doctrinal is-
sues raised by Protestants.
1577
Sir Francis Drake embarks on voyage to
circumnavigate the globe.
1642
New Zealand is discovered by the Dutch
navigator Abel Jansen Tasman.
1664
New Haven General Court holds last
meeting as the Colony of New Haven be-
comes part of Connecticut.
1843
Basutoland, a native state under British
protection, is established.
1862
Battle of Fredericksburg ends in defeat
of Union troops by Confederate General
Robert E. Lee (U.S. Civil War).
1928
George Gershwin's American in Paris
premieres in New York.
1937
Chinese city of Nanking falls to Japanese
after heavy fighting (World War II).
1951
Bogotá Charter creating Organization of
American States goes into effect.
1981
Martial law is declared in Poland in re-
sponse to increasing demands for inde-
pendence by Solidarity Union.
727
Religious Calendar
The Saints
December 14
St. Spiridion, Bishop of Tremithus. Also called
Spyridon. [d. 4th century]
St. Nicasius, Bishop of Rheims, and his Compan-
ions, martyrs. [d. C. 451)
St. Venantius Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers. [d. C.
605]
Birthdates
1546
Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer; with
1893
John Cowles, U.S. newspaper publisher;
Johannes Kepler (December 27), made nu-
founded a newspaper empire based on ed-
merous significant discoveries which
ucation of readers, promotion of tolerance,
aided in the development of modern sci-
and provision of unbiased information; ad-
entific astronomy. [d. October 24, 1601]
viser to U.S. Presidents Eisenhower, Ken-
1739
Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours,
nedy, and Johnson. [d. February 25, 1983]
French economist; exponent of Physiocrat-
1895
George VI, King of Great Britain, 1936- 52;
ic school of thought; member of States-
acceded upon abdication of his brother,
General, 1789-92; emigrated to U.S.; devel-
Edward VIII, 1936. [d. February 6, 1952]
oped a national scheme for education,
which was never adopted in U.S., but parts
Paul Eluard, French poet; a pioneer of
surrealism. [d. November 18, 1952]
of which were incorporated in French na-
tional plan. [d. August 6, 1817]
1896
James Harold Doolittle, U.S. Army avia-
1775
Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of
tor; one of most popular U.S. heroes of
Dundonald, British admiral noted for his
World War II; led first bombing raid on
Japan, 1942.
capture of foreign sailing vessels, 1800-06;
1897
member of Parliament, 1806-09; expelled
Margaret Chase Smith, U.S. politician,
from Navy because of political jealousies;
columnist; U.S. Congresswoman, 1940-49;
led Chilean navy in fight for freedom from
U.S. Senator, 1948-72; first woman to be
Spain; led Brazilian navy in war for inde-
elected to both houses of Congress.
pendence, 1819-22; one of first to utilize
1909
Edward Lawrie Tatum, U.S. biochemist;
screw propeller on warships; pioneered
Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for
in use of steamship in combat; reinstated
discovery of role of genes in heredity (with
in English navy, 1832. [d. October 31, 1860]
G. W. Beadle and J. Lederberg), 1958. {d.
1829
John Mercer Langston, U.S. public offi-
November 5, 1975]
cial; the first black elected to public office
1914
Karl Carstens, West German statesman;
in the U.S., 1855; Minister to Haiti, 1877-85;
President, West Germany (Federal Repub-
President, Virginia Normal and Collegiate
lic of Germany), 1979-84.
Institute, 1885-88; U.S. Congressman, 1888-
Solomon Spiegelman, U.S. microbiolo-
90. [d. November 15, 1897]
gist; recognized for his extensive research
1856
Louis Marshall, U.S. lawyer, political lead-
on DNA and RNA. [d. January 21, 1983)
er; known for his pioneer work in securing
1919
Shirley Jackson, U.S. short-story writer,
better conditions for blacks and Jews in
novelist. [d. August 8, 1965]
the U.S.; led fight for international toler-
1922
Nikolai Gennadievich Basov, Russian
ance; founder and president of American
physicist; Nobel Prize in physics for re-
Jewish Committee; founder and head of
search in quantum electronics and con-
American Jewish Relief Committee. [d.
tributions to development of maser-laser
September 11, 1929]
principle (with A. Prokhorov and C. H.
1870
Dirk Jan de Geer, Dutch statesman;
Townes), 1964.
Prime Minister, 1926-29, 1939-40. [d. No-
1946
Patty Duke Aston (Anna Marie Duke),
vember 28, 1960]
U.S. actress.
728
St. Hybald, abbot. Also called Hibald, or Higbald.
Blessed Conrad of Offida, priest. [d. 1306]
[d. 7th century]
Blessed Bonaventure Buonaccorsi, priest. [d.
St. John of the Cross, Doctor of the Church, and
1315]
co-founder of the Barefooted Carmelite Friars. Feast
Blessed Nicholas Factor, Friar Minor of the Obser-
formerly November 24. [d. 1591) Obligatory
vance. [d. 1583]
Memorial.
The Beatified
Blessed Bartholomew of San Gimignano, priest.
Also called Bartolo. [d. 1300]
Historical Events
1542
James V of Scotland dies and is succeed-
Stanford University biochemists report
ed by Arran who is appointed Regent for
they have produced a synthetic version of
6-day-old Mary, Queen of Scots.
DNA, the master chemical of all life.
1788
Charles III of Spain dies and is succeeded
by Charles IV.
1819
Alabama is admitted to Union as the 22nd
state.
1911
Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer be-
comes first to reach the South Pole.
1914
Allies launch a general attack along the en-
tire Western Front from Nieuport to Ver-
dun (World War I).
1918
President Sidonia da Silva Paes of Por-
tugal is assassinated.
Women vote for the first time in Great Brit-
ain.
1927
New Iraqi-British treaty is signed, recogniz-
ing independence of Iraq and promising
British support for Iraq's admission to the
League of Nations in 1932.
1946
UN General Assembly votes to accept a gift
of $8.5 million from John D. Rockefeller,
Jr., to acquire a site on the East River in
New York for the UN Headquarters.
1951
San Salvador Charter creating Organi-
zation of Central American States be-
comes effective.
1960
Western European nations and the U.S.
and Canada sign agreement for the crea-
tion of an Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development.
1961
Tanganyika is admitted to the UN as the
104th member.
1962
U.S. space probe Mariner II, on its 109th
day of flight, transmits information about
Venus.
1967
King Constantine II of Greece flees to Ita-
ly after an abortive attempt to overthrow
the military junta in power since earlier
that year.
Ref.
BM50
w53
1989
WH
The
Encyclopedia
JUDAISM
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Geoffrey Wigoder
MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY
New York
Collier Macmillan Publishers
London
HANUKKAH
319
for it is made by fermenting grain. Before Passover, hamets
in the home is gradually removed, and on the night before
Passover, the head of the household searches for any remain-
ing hamets (see LEAVEN, SEARCH FOR). Any hamets remaining
in the home is burned on the morning before Passover. For
those to whom the disposal of hamets would entail a consid-
erable hardship, provisions are available whereby the hamets
is sold to a non-Jew for the duration of the prohibited time.
If any amount of hamets whatsoever falls into Passover food,
the entire dish becomes forbidden on Passover. Leaven was
also forbidden in meal-offerings in the Temple.
HA-MOTSI See BREAD; GRACE BEFORE MEALS
HANNAH AND HER SEVEN SONS See APOCRYPHA
HANUKKAH ("Dedication"). Festival celebrated for
eight days commencing on 25 Kislev, commemorating the
victory of the traditionalist Maccabees (see HASMONEANS) over
the Hellenistic Syrians who attempted to eradicate the Jew-
ish religion as part of their plan to hellenize their entire king-
dom. The main events associated with Hanukkah took place
between 165 and 163 BCE, although the Maccabees contin-
ued a military struggle with the Syrians for many years until
the Jews of Erets Israel had gained de facto independence.
Kindling of Lights. Painting by Moritz Oppenheim, showing a family
Hanukkah is thus a post-biblical festival, and the historical
lighting a Hanukkah lamp at the window of their home.
events it commemorates are described in the apocryphal First
Book of the Maccabees (see APOCRYPHA AND PSEUDEPIGRAPHA).
It is not a full festival and there are no restrictions on work
combined Sukkot with thanksgiving for the victory and the
or other activities.
rededication of the Temple.
The Greeks took various steps to achieve their goal,
The main observance of Hanukkah is the kindling of the
among them the desecration of the TEMPLE in Jerusalem. I
festival lamp (hanukkiyyah) each night of the holiday. This
Maccabees (4.36-59) reports that the altar had been defiled,
practice gave the festival the additional name of Hag
the Syrian ruler, Antiochus Epiphanes, having commanded
ha-Urim, "the festival of lights." The Talmud explains the
that sacrifices to pagan gods be offered on it. After a three-
lighting as publicizing the miracle (pirsumé nissa; Shab. 23b)
year struggle, the Maccabees under Judah Maccabee con-
and in ancient times the lamp was put in the doorway or even
quered Jerusalem, and demolished and rebuilt the defiled
in the street outside the house for this purpose. The lighting
altar. They also produced new vessels for the Temple service,
takes place immediately after dark except on Friday eve-
including a candelabrum, an altar for incense, a table, and
nings, when it must be done before the kindling of the Sab-
curtains. According to a talmudic tradition, a small quantity
bath lights, i.e., approximately half an hour before sunset.
of consecrated oil, for use in the candelabrum (MENORAH),
The CANDLES are meant to burn for at least one half hour and
was found within the Temple precincts (Shab. 21b).
must be kindled in a conspicuous place. They may be lit any
Although it was only enough to burn for one day, the oil
time during the night as long as someone other than the
lasted for eight days, and the festival was established for this
lighter will see them. The practice of kindling the lights
length of time to commemorate the miracle. The Books of
appears not to have been instituted until many years after
Maccabees do not record this tradition. In the Second Book
the events which it commemorates.
of the Maccabees, it is noted that the eight-day festival was
The accepted procedure for kindling the Hanukkah lights
instituted by Judah upon his rededicating the Temple,
is to light one candle (or oil lamp) on the first night and one
according to the precedent of SOLOMON'S eight-day dedica-
additional candle each night (going from left to right), until
tion of the First Temple. Some scholars have advanced the
the last night when eight candles are lit (kindling them from
theory that the festival was established for eight days owing
left to right). An alternate tradition is recorded whereby
to the Jews' inability to observe the eight-day festival of
eight candles are lit on the first night, seven on the second,
sukkot during the fighting. With the Maccabean victory,
and so forth, until only one candle is lit on the eighth night.
this omission was rectified, and a celebration was held that
An additional candle called the shammash ("serving light")
320 HANUKKAH LAMP
is used to kindle the other lights. The practice is essentially
It has become customary to hold Hanukkah parties with
a home ceremony, but candles are lit also in the synagogue.
songs and games, especially for children. The best-known of
Children are usually given a gift of money (hanukkah gelt)
the Hanukkah games is the dreydel, a spinning top used for
for the festival.
a kind of "put and take" game. The dreydel is inscribed for
Hanukkah is expressed in the liturgy in a number of ways,
this purpose on its four sides with the Hebrew letters, nun,
the most important being the introduction of the ALHA-NISSIM
gimmel, bé, shin, an acrostic for the words nes gadol hayah
prayer in the AMIDAH and GRACE AFTER MEALS. HALLEL is recited
sham ("a great miracle happened there"). Presumably
at the Morning Service, and there is a special READING OF THE
because of the association with oil, it has become popular to
LAW each day of the festival. A Hanukkah hymn, TSUR,
eat latkes (potato pancakes) and sufganiyyot (doughnuts).
written in the 13th century, is very popular in the home and
In modern Israel Hanukkah has become an occasion when
synagogue, and is sung in Ashkenazi communities after the
the theme of national courage is underlined, since it was this
kindling of the lights. The Sephardi practice is to read Psalm
quality which gained the Jews of the Maccabean period their
30.
independence. In recognition of the heroism and battlefield
prowess of the Maccabees, a torch is carried from their tradi-
HANUKKAH
tional burial site at Modi'in, located between Jerusalem and
FESTIVAL OF DEDICATION
Tel Aviv, to various points throughout the country. In many
Diaspora countries, especially the US, Hanukkah has
Other Names: Hag ha-Urim (Festival of Lights)
received a previously unknown emphasis, largely to compen-
Hebrew Dates: 25 Kislev - 3 Tevet
sate the Jewish child for the overwhelming impact of Christ-
mas in his surroundings.
Torah & Prophetical Readings:
HANUKKAH LAMP (hanukkiyyah, also known as the
Weekday portions from: Num. 7:1-8:4
Hanukkah MENORAH). Eight-branched candlelabrum ritually
1st Sabbath: prescribed Torah reading and Maftir,
lit in celebration of HANUKKAH. According to the Talmud and
Zech. 2:14-4:7 (Haftarah)
artefacts from the Greco-Roman period, it originally took
2nd Sabbath (if relevant): prescribed Torah read-
the form of either clay, ceramic, or metal oil lamps mounted
ing and Maftir, I Kings 7:40-50 (Haftarah)
on an elongated vertical base, or one circular lamp with eight
Hallel: recited daily (in full); Hanukkah lights
apertures in the shape of a pointed star. The lights of the
kindled each evening
Hanukkah lamp are not permitted to burn into a single
Civil dates on which the festival occurs,
flame, but must be distinguishable one from the other (Shab.
1990-2010:
23b). The Hanukkah lamp was originally placed outside the
entrance of the house, to the left of the door, in order to pro-
1990/5751
12-19 December
claim publicly the miracle of the holiday (Shab. 23b, Sof.
1991/5752
2-9 December
20.3). Glass lanterns, in Mishnaic, talmudic and apostolic
1992/5753
20-27 December
sources, protected the lamp from the winter winds and rains,
1993/5754
9-16 December
in ancient Israel and Babylonia.
1994/5755
28 November-5 December
As a result of the prohibition against using old clay lamps
1995/5756
18-25 December
for Hanukkah (Sof. 20.3), an Ashkenazi eight-spout metal
1996/5757
6-13 December
Hanukkah lamp and a Sephardi glazed ceramic one devel-
1997/5758
24-31 December
oped during the Middle Ages (Tur, OH 673). In Spain, the
1999/5759
14-21 December
tradition began of introducing a back-wall, from which the
1999/5760
4-11 December
lamp was hung, sometimes with an extra one, the shammash
2000/5761
22-29 December
or "server," standing in the middle or to the left. If danger
2001/5762
10-17 December
was involved in placing the lamp outside, the rabbis permit-
2002/5763
30 November-7 December
ted its lighting inside the home where it was hung at the
2003/5764
20-27 December
entrance on the doorpost opposite the MEZUZAH. For this rea-
ohote.
2004/5765
8-15 December
son, many Hanukkah lamps have been found with the
2005/5766
26 December-1 January
inscription "Blessed shall you be in your coming and blessed
POTUS
2006/5767
16-23 December
shall you be in your going" (Deut. 28:6). In Germany, the
2007/5768
5-12 December
can
custom arose of constructing a lamp in the form of a star and
2008/5769
22-29 December
hanging it near the door for Hanukkah and using it as a Sab
2009/5770
12-19 December
bath lamp during the rest of the year. The German Jews
2010/5771
2-9 December
were also the first to use an eight-branched standing candela- the
brum, especially in synagogues, inspired by the Temple
Wist
ingrains
Manahs in
see
soodby
HASIDÉ ASHKENAZ
321
menorah; a ninth socket was added for the shammash from
spiritual leadership, and often one group was not aware of
which the other lights were lit. The Polish custom was to
the existence of the others. Yet, together, they changed the
place the lamp on the windowsill or on a table during the
character of Jewish culture in Germany and comprise one of
lighting ceremony. Throughout the Jewish world, the
the most important original contributions of Ashkenazi
Hanukkah lamp became an object of rich embellishment,
Jewry in these fields in the Middle Ages. They wrote their
artistic creativity, and fine craftsmanship.
work under the traumatic impact of the repeated massacres
Since CANDLES have been used, they are put in from right
of Ashkenazi Jewry by the Crusaders, which started in 1096
to left - one on the first night, two on the second, etc. (fol-
and continued throughout the 12th century. The reaction to
lowing the view of the School of Hillel as against the follow-
these persecutions is recognizable in many of their ideas.
ers of Shammai who put in eight on the first night and
From a historical point of view, the most important con-
decreased by one every successive evening). The candles
tribution of the Ashkenazi Hasidim to Jewish culture was
themselves are lit from left to right.
in the field of ETHICS, but THEOLOGY was their main concern
and their efforts were directed at solving some of the most
HAROSET See SEDER
complex theosophical problems facing Judaism at that time.
They were the first in the Jewish Middle Ages to present a
HASHKAVAH See MEMORIAL SERVICES
concept of the Divine world in which several powers together
comprise the Divine unity; separate Divine powers fulfill
HASHKIVENU ("Cause us to lie down [in peace]").
different functions, according to their various theological sys-
Opening word of the second benediction after the Shema in
tems. Thus they preceded the kabbalists in presenting Juda-
the daily Evening Service. According to the Talmud (Ber.
ism with a multi-faceted concept of the Divine realm.
4b), it serves to extend the preceding Redemption prayer,
Ashkenazi Hasidim saw themselves (like the KABBALAH)
EMET VE-EMUNAH. However, whereas the previous blessing
as continuing and commenting on ancient traditions, rather
concentrates on the past and future salvation of Israel,
than as innovators. For several generations before the end of
Hashkivenu emphasizes man's helplessness (particularly
the 12th century, theological and mystical matters were dis-
while asleep) and begs for Divine protection to ward off
cussed orally in the schools of Ashkenazi rabbis, secrets being
physical or spiritual danger. Two versions of Hashkivenu
transmitted from rabbi to disciple. Their main source of
found a place in the liturgy: a Babylonian text that concludes
influence was the literature of the ancient Jewish mystics of
with the benediction "Who guards His people Israel for-
the talmudic period, the HEKHALOT AND MERKAVAH MYSTICISM,
ever," and a slightly longer Palestinian formula concluding
which they preserved, paraphrased, and commented upon.
"Who spreads the shelter of peace over us, over all His people
They also sought more direct sources, claiming, for instance,
Israel, and over Jerusalem" (TJ Ber. 4.5). Since geonic times,
that many of their secrets were received from R. Aaron ben
the first has been recited on weekdays and the second on Sab-
Samuel of Baghdad, also known as Abu Aharon, who visited
baths and festivals. Minor differences, concerning both the
the Kalonymus family in southern Italy probably in the
text and the word order, have emerged in the various rites.
eighth century, and brought Babylonian traditions to this
There are several musical settings of Hashkivenu; the out-
school; when the Kalonymus family migrated to Mainz in
standing example is Louis Lewandowski's Ve-Hagen
the ninth century, the secrets continued to be transmitted
ba'adenu ("Be our shield"), a 19th-century composition for
from generation to generation.
cantor and choir.
The first writer of this school was R. Samuel ben
Kalonymus he-Hasid (the Pious), in the mid-12th century,
who was followed by his son, JUDAH HE-H ASID. The most
Enable us, O Lord our God, to lie down peacefully
important writer of this group was the latter's disciple,
[in sleep} and awaken us again, our King, to life.
ELEAZAR OF WORMS. These last two scholars were the first to
Spread over us the shelter of Your peace; set us aright
write detailed commentaries on the Jewish prayer book.
with Your good counsel; and save us for Your
Besides this central school of the Kalonymus family, other
Name's sake
groups produced theological and mystical treatises. Around
1200 an anonymous writer composed Sefer ha-Hayyim
("The Book of Life"), an original theological work relying on
HASIDÉ ASHKENAZ ("the pious men of Franco-
the work of Abraham IBN EZRA, and combining mysticism,
Germany" or ASHKENAZI Hasidim"). The term "Ashkenazi
science, and a system of ethics. Another anonymous work
Hasidism" denotes several groups of Jewish scholars who
unrelated to any school is the Sefer ha-Navon, a commentary
flourished in Germany in the second half of the 12th century
on the SHEMA, which also includes a commentary on the
and the first half of the 13th, and created new concepts in
Shi'ur Komah, the ancient work of mysticism describing the
Jewish thought, mysticism, and ethics. This was not a move-
parts of the Divine supreme figure anthropomorphically.
ment, there was no organized effort, nor a clear concept of
Another school which produced theological works for two or