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Speech File Backup Files
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Reserve Officers Assoc. 1/23/91 [OA 8321] [1]
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4
OFFICERS
EVAN L. HULTMAN
MAJOR GENERAL, AUS (RET.)
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Reserve Officers Association of the United States
1 CONSTITUTION AVE. N.E.
TELEPHONE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20002
202/479-2200
U.S. RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION
WASHINGTON HILTON
JANUARY 23, 1990
7:40 PM
THANK YOU, GEN. BOB HOPE. I'M PLEASED TO SEE so
MANY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS HERE TONIGHT, PARTICULARLY
SENATOR STROM THURMOND, SENATOR TED STEVENS, AND MY OLD
FRIEND SONNY MONTGOMERY. MY APOLOGIES TO ALL FOR
SPEAKING BEFORE THE BROCCOLI AND LEAVING, BUT GIVEN THE
CIRCUMSTANCES, I'M SURE YOU'LL UNDERSTAND. // I AM
PROUD TO SHARE THIS EVENING WITH THE LEADERSHIP OF THE
RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION -- AND I AM DEEPLY HONORED
TO BE NAMED "MINUTEMAN OF THE YEAR." BUT I KNOW
TONIGHT OUR THOUGHTS GO OUT TO MEN AND WOMEN EARNING
THE HONOR OF A GRATEFUL NATION AT THIS VERY MOMENT:
THE CITIZEN-SOLDIERS -- 100,000 STRONG -- SERVING NOW
WITH THE COALITION FORCES IN THE GULF. I SALUTE THEM,
EACH AND EVERY ONE. //
THOSE AMERICAN RESERVISTS ARE PART OF AN ALLIED
FORCE STANDING AGAINST THE FORCES OF AGGRESSION --
STANDING UP FOR WHAT IS RIGHT. THEY SERVE ALONGSIDE
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF SOLDIERS, SAILORS, AIRMEN,
MARINES AND COAST GUARDSMEN OF 27 OTHER NATIONS, ALL
UNITED AGAINST THE AGGRESSION OF SADDAM HUSSEIN. //
- 2 -
AS WE MEET HERE TONIGHT, WE ARE EXACTLY ONE WEEK
INTO OPERATION DESERT STORM. BUT IT IS IMPORTANT TO
DATE THIS CONFLICT NOT FROM JANUARY 16 -- BUT FROM ITS
TRUE BEGINNING: THE ASSAULT OF AUGUST 2ND -- IRAQ'S
UNPROVOKED AGGRESSION AGAINST THE TINY NATION OF
KUWAIT. // WE DID NOT BEGIN A WAR SEVEN DAYS AGO.
RATHER, WE BEGAN TO END A WAR -- TO RIGHT A WRONG THAT
THE WORLD COULD NOT IGNORE. //
FROM THE DAY SADDAM'S FORCES FIRST CROSSED INTO
KUWAIT, IT WAS CLEAR THAT THIS AGGRESSION REQUIRED A
SWIFT RESPONSE FROM OUR NATION, AND THE WORLD
COMMUNITY. WHAT WAS -- AND IS -- AT STAKE IS NOT
SIMPLY OUR ENERGY AND ECONOMIC SECURITY, AND THE
STABILITY OF A VITAL REGION -- BUT THE PROSPECTS FOR
PEACE IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA: THE PROMISE OF A NEW
WORLD ORDER, BASED UPON THE RULE OF LAW. 11
- 3 -
AMERICA WAS NOT ALONE IN CONFRONTING SADDAM. NO
LESS THAN 12 RESOLUTIONS OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL
CONDEMNED THE INVASION -- DEMANDING IRAQ'S WITHDRAWAL,
WITHOUT CONDITION AND WITHOUT DELAY. THE UN PUT IN
PLACE SANCTIONS TO PREVENT IRAQ FROM REAPING ANY REWARD
FROM ITS OUTLAW ACT. COUNTRIES FROM SIX CONTINENTS
SENT FORCES TO THE GULF, TO DEMONSTRATE THE WILL OF THE
WORLD COMMUNITY THAT SADDAM'S AGGRESSION WOULD NOT
STAND. //
APPEASEMENT -- PEACE AT ANY PRICE -- WAS NEVER AN
ANSWER. TURNING A BLIND EYE TO SADDAM'S AGGRESSION
WOULD NOT HAVE AVOIDED WAR -- IT WOULD ONLY HAVE
DELAYED THE WORLD'S DAY OF RECKONING, POSTPONING WHAT
WOULD ULTIMATELY HAVE BEEN A FAR MORE DANGEROUS AND
COSTLY CONFLICT.
- 4 -
UNFORTUNATELY -- IN SPITE OF MORE THAN 5 MONTHS OF
SUSTAINED DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS BY THE ARAB LEAGUE, THE
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, THE UNITED STATES AND UNITED
NATIONS -- SADDAM HUSSEIN MET EVERY OVERTURE OF PEACE
WITH OPEN CONTEMPT. IN THE END, DESPITE THE WORLD'S
PRAYERS FOR PEACE -- SADDAM BROUGHT WAR UPON HIMSELF.
//
TONIGHT, AFTER ONE WEEK OF ALLIED OPERATIONS, I AM
PLEASED TO REPORT THAT OPERATION DESERT STORM IS RIGHT
ON SCHEDULE. //
WE HAVE DEALT A SEVERE SETBACK TO SADDAM'S NUCLEAR
AMBITIONS. OUR PINPOINT ATTACKS HAVE PUT SADDAM OUT OF
THE NUCLEAR BOMB-BUILDING BUSINESS FOR A LONG TIME TO
COME. ALLIED AIRCRAFT ENJOY AIR SUPERIORITY -- AND WE
ARE USING THAT SUPERIORITY TO SYSTEMATICALLY DEPRIVE
SADDAM OF HIS ABILITY TO WAGE WAR EFFECTIVELY.
- 5 -
WE ARE KNOCKING OUT MANY OF THEIR KEY AIRFIELDS.
WE'RE HITTING THEIR EARLY WARNING RADARS WITH GREAT
SUCCESS. WE ARE SEVERELY DEGRADING THEIR AIR DEFENSES.
THE MAIN DANGER TO ALLIED AIRCRAFT NOW COMES FROM SOME
20,000 ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNS IN THE BAGDHAD AREA ALONE.
// AND LET ME SAY: I AM PROUD OF THE WAY OUR AVIATORS
ARE CARRYING OUT THEIR TASKS. IN HEAD TO HEAD COMBAT,
OUR JET FIGHTERS HAVE DESTROYED 19 IRAQI JETS. THEY
HAVE HIT -- AT MOST -- -- ONE AMERICAN JET IN AERIAL
COMBAT. //
STEP BY STEP, WE ARE MAKING PROGRESS TOWARDS THE
OBJECTIVES THAT HAVE GUIDED THE WORLD'S RESPONSE SINCE
AUGUST 2ND: THE LIBERATION OF KUWAIT, AND THE
RESTORATION OF STABILITY AND SECURITY IN THE GULF. //
AND THERE CAN BE NO DOUBT: OPERATION DESERT STORM IS
WORKING. THERE CAN BE NO "PAUSE" NOW THAT SADDAM HAS
FORCED THE WORLD INTO WAR. WE WILL STAY THE COURSE --
AND WE WILL SUCCEED. //
- 6 -
AS I SAID ON THE THIRD DAY OF THIS CAMPAIGN, WAR IS
NEVER CHEAP OR EASY. THERE WILL BE PROBLEMS. THERE
WILL BE SETBACKS AND SACRIFICES. // BUT LET ME SAY I
HAVE EVERY REASON TO BE VERY PLEASED WITH OUR PROGRESS
TO DATE. //
SADDAM HAS SICKENED THE WORLD WITH HIS USE OF SCUD
MISSILES -- THOSE INACCURATE BOMBS THAT
INDISCRIMINATELY STRIKE CITIES AND INNOCENT CIVILIANS
IN BOTH ISRAEL AND SAUDI ARABIA. THESE WEAPONS ARE
NOTHING MORE THAN TOOLS OF TERROR -- AND THEY DO
NOTHING BUT STRENGTHEN OUR RESOLVE TO ACT, AGAINST A
DICTATOR UNMOVED BY HUMAN DECENCY. ///
PRIME MINISTER JOHN MAJOR SAID IT WELL YESTERDAY.
SADDAM, HE SAID, "MAY YET BECOME A TARGET OF HIS OWN
PEOPLE. IT IS PERFECTLY CLEAR THAT THIS MAN IS
AMORAL. HE TAKES HOSTAGES, HE ATTACKS POPULATION
CENTERS, HE THREATENS PRISONERS. HE'S A MAN WITHOUT
PITY, AND WHATEVER HIS FATE MAY BE, I FOR ONE WILL NOT
WEEP FOR HIM."
- 7 -
NO ONE SHOULD WEEP FOR THIS TYRANT WHEN HE IS
BROUGHT TO JUSTICE. NO ONE -- ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD.
//
I WATCHED, ALONG WITH ALL OF YOU, THE REPULSIVE
PARADE OF OUR AMERICAN AIRMEN ON IRAQI TELEVISION --
ONE MORE PROOF OF THE SAVAGERY OF SADDAM. // BUT I
KNEW -- AS THEY READ THEIR PREPARED STATEMENTS
CRITICIZING THIS COUNTRY -- THAT THOSE WERE FALSE
WORDS, FORCED ON THEM BY THEIR CAPTORS. ONE AMERICAN
PILOT WAS ASKED WHY HE WAS SURE THE PILOTS WERE COERCED
-- THEIR STATEMENTS FALSE. AND HE SAID: "I KNOW
THAT BECAUSE THESE GUYS ARE AMERICANS." //
HE COULD WELL HAVE SAID THE SAME THING ABOUT THE
OTHER PILOTS BEING HELD -- FROM BRITAIN, ITALY, AND
KUWAIT -- ALL MEN OF COURAGE AND VALOR. //
- 8 -
TONIGHT, I REPEAT MY PLEDGE TO YOU -- AND TO ALL
AMERICANS: THIS WILL NOT BE ANOTHER VIETNAM. NEVER
AGAIN WILL OUR ARMED FORCES BE SENT OUT TO DO A JOB
WITH ONE HAND TIED BEHIND THEIR BACK. THEY WILL
CONTINUE TO HAVE THE SUPPORT THEY NEED TO GET THE JOB
DONE -- GET IT DONE QUICKLY, AND WITH AS LITTLE LOSS OF
LIFE AS POSSIBLE. AND THAT SUPPORT IS NOT JUST
MILITARY -- BUT MORAL: MEASURED IN THE SUPPORT OUR
SERVICEMEN AND WOMEN RECEIVE FROM EVERY ONE OF US HERE
AT HOME. WHEN THE BRAVE MEN AND WOMEN OF DESERT STORM
RETURN HOME -- THEY WILL RETURN TO THE LOVE AND RESPECT
OF A GRATEFUL NATION. //
AND THAT IS WHERE I WILL CLOSE -- WITH THE AIM OF
PROTECTING AMERICAN LIVES, AND SEEING THE HEROES OF
DESERT STORM RETURN HOME SAFE AND SOUND. // ALL LIFE
IS PRECIOUS -- WHETHER IT'S THE LIFE OF AN AMERICAN
PILOT OR AN IRAQI CHILD. AND YET IF LIFE IS PRECIOUS,
so TOO ARE THE LIVING PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY AND PEACE -
- PRINCIPLES THAT ALL AMERICANS CHERISH ABOVE ALL
OTHERS, PRINCIPLES THAT YOU, AND YOUR COMRADES ON DUTY
TONIGHT, HAVE PLEDGED TO DEFEND. 11
- 9 -
THANK YOU FOR THIS WARM WELCOME -- AND FOR YOUR
STRONG SUPPORT. AND MAY GOD BLESS THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA.
# # #
Richard Haas
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 22, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
CHRISS WINSTON
FROM:
EDWARD E. McNALLY ww
SUBJECT:
REMARKS TO THE RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION
I. SUMMARY
On Wednesday, January 22, 1991, at 7:40 p.m., you will
address the annual black-tie dinner of the Reserve Officers
Association at the Washington Hilton. An audience of 1,500
reserve officers from all branches of the service is
expected.
II. DISCUSSION
The remarks (14 minutes, on teleprompter) review the
reasons for our action in the Gulf, applaud the early
successes of our forces and the support of the American
people, and sketch the kind of peace we seek once
hostilities have ended.
McNally/Simon
Jan. 22, 1991
Draft Five (B:RESERVE)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: U.S. RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION
WASHINGTON HILTON
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 23, 1991
( (At ease!) ) Thank you, Gen. Bob Hope. And thank you,
each of you -- not for standing up to greet me -- but for
standing up for the fighting men and women defending freedom
tonight in the Persian Gulf!
I'm proud to be back here with the Reserve Officers
Association once again, and honored to be named the R.O.A.
"Minute Man of the Year." I was born in Massachusetts -- home of
the original Minute Man. But when we moved to Texas, I remember
one guy bragging to me about the heroes of the Alamo. He said:
"I bet you never had anybody so brave around Massachusetts."
So I asked him: "Ever hear of Paul Revere?"
And he said: "Paul Revere? Isn't that the guy who ran for
help?!"
of course, Paul Revere didn't really run for help -- he rode
for freedom. And this month, far from home, America's best and
bravest once again took to the freedom trail.
This month marks a decisive moment in history -- a moment of
truth -- for this generation, for this nation, for this world.
We were patient. We were cautious. We were slow to anger.
But when the moment of truth came, America did the right thing.
The Coalition did the right thing. And our troops did it well.
We've come a long way -- as a Nation, and as a people --
since the days when despots could afford to take Americans
2
hostage, smug in the knowledge that nothing would be done.
But this time it was different.
We said that if allied troops were forced to liberate
Kuwait, we would do the job quickly, massively and decisively.
We said that if one American soldier had to go into battle,
he would have enough force behind him to win.
We said that the occupation of Kuwait would not stand.
And today in the Gulf, America is keeping her word.
Today in the Gulf, the liberation of Kuwait has begun.
Exactly one week ago, the battle was joined. Having refused
to face the cold hard facts, Saddam now faces cold hard steel.
It is a conflict we did not seek and did not begin. But ladies
and gentlemen -- it's one we do intend to finish.
War is never cheap or easy. But there are times when truth
can't be ignored, when duty cannot be shirked. While the world
waited, Saddam Hussein sought to ravage an innocent neighbor,
acquire atomic weapons, cripple the world's economies, and derail
both the Coalition and its efforts for peace. Look at the past
week: While we've labored mightily to avoid civilian casualties,
Saddam has labored to inflict them -- raining ballistic missiles
upon innocent woman and children. And now -- in a barbarous
parade that violates every standard of civilized conduct -- the
brutality of the Iraqi regime is revealed in the bruised and
swollen faces of captured Allied pilots.
Well, it's not going to work. These outrages leave the
Coalition only more angry, more determined to prevail, and more
3
resolved to see that all those responsible are held to account.
Today, our goals are clear and have not changed: Kuwait
must be freed and restored. Iraq must comply with all relevant
U.N. resolutions. And the long-term stability and security of
the Gulf must be secured. And so, the liberation of Kuwait has
begun. It has marked a week of solemnity, yet pride -- pride in
duty, pride in country, and pride in the best-trained, best-
equipped, and best-educated fighting force ever assembled!
We owe thanks to our troops. And we also owe thanks to a
leader whose eight years of leadership ensured that the American
military was up to the challenge -- and second to none: My
predecessor, Ronald Reagan. Look at the results. I think
of Allied airmen like Capt. Paul Johnson, a Tennessee farmer who
shipped out for Saudi Arabia on Christmas Day. Two days ago he
led an eight-hour mission deep into the Iraqi desert, helping
rescue a missing pilot while fighting off an enemy truck. And I
think of Allied soldiers like Army 1st Lt. Quinton McCorvey, a
former strong safety for Alabama A & M who on Monday scored the
biggest interception of his life -- when his Patriot anti-missile
team knocked down a pair of Iraqi Scuds.
Those Scuds were headed for Allied airmen, and the
effectiveness of our men and materiel prove a point: I firmly
believe that the measured force of Operation Desert Storm has
already spared future suffering and saved the lives of untold
thousands of innocents.
I also know our fighting men and women are heartened by the
4
tremendous outpouring of support from the American people and the
Congress. Because when I said last week that this will not be
another Vietnam, I meant two things:
First -- that never again will our fighting men and women be
sent in to do a job with one hand tied behind their back.
And second, just as important, never again will they be sent
in to do a job without the full backing of the folks back home.
Over the past week, the outpouring of patriotism, the
outpouring of love and faith and support for our troops from
Americans of all walks of life has been overwhelming. Maybe you
saw the comments from some of the folks in Abilene, Kansas --
hometown of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kevin Mickey told a reporter
he has no doubt that the U.S. action was necessary and will end
in victory. He said: "We're the kind of people who win wars
We're not sophisticated. But we know right from wrong." And
Esther Foltz, who has a grandson in the Gulf, said that: "We're
going to win this thing. And the world's going to be better.'
Esther's right. Building a better world is an important
part of what the Coalition is all about. Last fall at the United
Nations, I described my vision of what this new partnership of
nations might look like. I called it a "partnership based on
consultation, co-operation, and collective action -- especially
through international organizations. A partnership united by
principle and the rule of law, and supported by an equitable
sharing of both cost and commitment. A partnership whose goals
are to increase democracy, increase prosperity, increase the
5
peace and reduce arms."
Looking back, that sounds like a pretty fair description of
the unprecedented partnership that's today standing up to the
aggression in the Gulf. Gone are the days when America was the
lone cop on the beat. Today the Coalition in the Gulf is a
cooperative and committed force freely supported by the world
community for the mutual protection of the global neighborhood.
It is backed by the contributions of 28 nations spanning five
continents -- 28 nations that have supplied both money and
manpower to see that this aggression is stopped.
But every coalition needs leadership. And whether today or
in the years to come, that leadership will come from the United
States of America.
The United States has always borne a major share -- not only
of costs -- but also of leadership. And that's how it should be.
History is moving decisively in America's favor -- thanks, in
large part, to American perseverance. The touchstones of the
modern world -- which the emerging democracies are now striving
for -- are free markets, free movement, free speech, and free
elections. America's lived by these tenets for over 200 years.
They have given us both our power and our purpose. And I can
assure you -- America, and the world -- that we have not come
through 215 years of history, fighting for freedom, only to back
down now.
Tonight, the world is united by shared commitments, shared
interests, shared hopes. Tonight, our efforts will determine the
6
kind of legacy we bequeath our children, the kind of world they
will live in. And so tonight, let us re-dedicate ourselves to
the ideals in which our troops so fiercely believe. Because our
goals will not be fully achieved until we live in a world where
every country is shaking hands -- and none are shaking fists.
The road to real peace will be long and tough. But already
we've done more than just thwart the immediate aggression in the
Gulf -- we've helped lay a new foundation for long-term stability
down the road. Its elements include strengthening our Coalition
partners, reinforcing both regional cooperation and collective
security arrangements, and crafting a balanced role for U.S. and
Allied support in the region. The U.S. must be a healer and a
conciliator. Because in the final analysis, the Coalition will
be measured not by how we wage war -- but how we make peace.
And when this crisis is over, the opportunities ahead will
be truly historic. Iraq can be welcomed back into the community
of nations. And at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates
-- where civilization began -- civilization can begin anew.
Tonight's dinner has special drama, not the least of which
is the fact that some members of the R.O.A. who usually attend
are on active duty with Desert Storm. From the moment they were
called up, our Reservists have demonstrated the unique skills of
the "citizen-soldier" -- and reminded us of the key role our
Reserve Forces play in our Nation's defense strategy. Reserve
volunteers were vital to the success of the early stages of
Desert Shield, especially in communications, airlift and medical
7
support. Today, over 100,000 Reservists stand with the forces of
the Coalition in the Gulf. And as we've seen this week in Desert
Storm -- our Reservists and National Guardsmen rank among the
finest fighter, attack and transport pilots on Earth!
The Reserves are doing their part. But I know that, at
times like this, every American wants to lend a hand, and asks:
"What can I do?"
Well, one possibility was suggested in a letter I received
from Ann Macker, a Navy nurse serving in the Persian Gulf tonight
aboard the U.S.N.S. Comfort. She wrote:
"There is something [every American] can do
Please stand
outside in the cold night air and search for that star. When you
find it -- and it will be there -- please pray for [us] and ask
the Good Lord to bring us home safely."
And so, as you go to home tonight, look up at the night sky
and send a prayer eastward towards the morning sun -- across the
ocean and halfway across the world -- to the brave men and women
who carry with them our hopes, our dreams, and our love.
And let me say again to our troops what I said in my holiday
address: The sacrifices you make will never be forgotten.
America is behind you. The world is behind you. And history is
behind you. And when you come home -- and we hope and pray it's
soon -- you will be welcomed as what you are -- all-American
heroes. The world is watching. And the world is with you.
Thank you. Goodnight. And God bless the United States.
#
#
#
HULTMAN, MG EVAN L.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, ROA
BENNETT, CONG. CHARLES
TAYLOR, RADM JAMES
CHIEF OF NAVAL RESERVE
PENDLETON, CAPT ROBERT
ROA NAVY VICE PRESIDENT
CLOSNER, MG JOHN
CHIEF, AIR FORCE RESERVE
McPEAK, GEN. MERRILL
CHIEF OF STAFF, U.S. AIR FORCE
PARKER, LTG ELLIS
DIRECTOR OF THE ARMY STAFF
WARD, MG WILLIAM
CHIEF ARMY RESERVE
STEVENS, SENATOR TED
BATES, BG LARRIE
ROA AIR FORCE VICE PRESIDENT
MONTGOMERY, CONG. G.V. (SONNY)
McALLISTER, COL (P) JOHN
ROA ARMY VICE PRESIDENT
THURMOND, SENATOR STROM
BUSH, MRS. BARBARA
PODIUM
BUSH, PRESIDENT GEORGE
HOPE, MG ROBERT C. intoo
ROA NATIONAL PRESIDENT
DUNCAN, HON. STEPHEN
ASST SECY OF DEFENSE (RA)
SESSIONS, HON. WILLIAM
DIRECTOR, FBI
DICKINSON, CONG. WILLIAM
COOPER, HON. GARY JEROME
ASST. SECY OF THE AF FOR MP,
RA, INST. & ENVIRONMENT
HUTTO, CONG. EARL
DANIELL, VADM MARTIN
VICE COMMANDANT, USCG
CONAWAY, LTG JOHN E.
CHIEF, NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU
DAVISON, MG HOLLIS
ASST DEP C/S FOR RA, USMC
FAIGLE, RADM JOHN
CHIEF, OFF. READINESS & RESERVE,
USCG
ZIMBLE, VADM JAMES
SURGEON GENREAL OF THE NAVY
I'm pleased to see so many members of
Conguss here tonight, particularly Ser.
Strom Thurmond, sen. Ted Stevens,
and my old briend Sonny Montgomery.
McNally/Simon
Jan. 22, 1991
Draft Three B:RESERVE)
for
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: U.S. RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION
WASHINGTON HILTON
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 23, 1991
((At ease!)) III Thank you, Gen. Bob Hope. And thank you,
each of you -- not for standing up to greet me --but for standing
up for the fighting men and women defending freedom tonight in
the Persian Gulf! \\\
I'm proud to be back here with the Reserve Officers
Association once again, and honored to be named the R.O.A.
"Minute Man of the Year." I was born in Massachusetts -- home of
the original Minute Man. But when we moved to Texas, I remember
one guy bragging to me about the heroes of the Alamo. He said:
"I bet you never had anybody so brave around Massachusetts."
So I asked him: "Ever hear of Paul Revere?"
And he said: "Paul Revere? Isn't that the guy who ran for
help?!"
Of course, Paul Revere didn't really run for help --- he rode
for freedom. And this month, far from home, America's best and
bravest once again took to the freedom trail.
This month marks a decisive moment in history . -- a moment of
truth -- for this generation, for this nation, for this world.
We were patient. We were cautious. We were slow to anger.
But when the moment of truth came, America did the right thing.
The Coalition did the right thing. And our troops did it well.
We've come a long way -- as a Nation, and as a people --
since the days when despots could afford to take Americans
2
hostage, smug in the knowledge that nothing would be done.
But this time it was different.
We said that if allied troops were forced to liberate
Kuwait, we would do the job quickly, massively and decisively.
We said that if one American soldier had to go into battle,
he would have enough force behind him to win.
We said that the occupation of Kuwait would not stand.
And today in the Gulf, America is keeping her word.
Today in the Gulf, the liberation of Kuwait has begun. III
Exactly one week ago, the battle was joined. Having refused
to face the cold hard facts, Saddam now faces cold hard steel.
It is a conflict we did not seek. and did not begin. But ladies
and gentlemen -- it's one we do intend to finish. III
War is never cheap or easy. But there are times when truth
can't be ignored, when duty cannot be shirked. While the world
waited, Saddam Hussein sought to ravage an innocent neighbor,
acquire atomic weapons, cripple the world's economies, and derail
both the Coalition and its efforts for peace. Look at the past
week: While we've labored mightily to avoid civilian casualties,
Saddam has labored to inflict them -- raining ballistic missiles
upon innocent woman and children. And now -- in a barbarous
parade that violates every standard of civilized conduct -- the
brutality of the Iraqi regime is revealed in the bruised and
swollen faces of captured Allied pilots.
Well, it's not going to work. These outrages leave the
Coalition only more angry, more determined to prevail, and more
3
resolved to see that all those responsible are held to account.
Today, our goals are clear and have not changed: Kuwait
must be freed and restored. Iraq must comply with all relevant
U.N. resolutions. And the long-term stability and security of
the Gulf must be secured. And so, the liberation of Kuwait has
begun. It has marked a week of solemnity, yet pride -- pride in
duty, pride in country, and pride in the best-trained, best-
equipped, and best-educated fighting force ever assembled!
I think of Allied airmen like Capt. Paul Johnson, a
Tennessee farmer who shipped out for Saudi Arabia on Christmas
Day. Two days ago he led an eight-hour mission deep into the
Iraqi desert, helping rescue a missing pilot while fighting off
an enemy truck. And I think of Allied soldiers like Army 1st Lt.
Quinton McCorvey, a former strong safety for Alabama A & M who on
Monday scored the biggest interception of his life -- when his
Patriot anti-missile team knocked down a pair of Iraqi Scuds.
Those Scuds were headed for Allied airmen, and the
effectiveness of our men and materiel prove a point: I firmly
believe that the measured force of Operation Desert Storm has
already spared future suffering and saved the lives of untold
thousands of innocents.
I also know our fighting men and women are heartened by the
tremendous outpouring of support from the American people and the
Congress. Because when I said last week that this will not be
another Vietnam, I meant two things:
First -- that never again will our fighting men and women be
4
sent in to do a job with one hand tied behind their back.
And second, just as important, never again will they be sent
in to do a job without the full backing of the folks back home.
Over the past week, the outpouring of patriotism, the
outpouring of love and faith and support for our troops from
Americans of all walks of life has been overwhelming. Maybe you
saw the comments from some of the folks in Abilene, Kansas --
hometown of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kevin Mickey told a reporter
he has no doubt that the U.S. action was necessary and will end
in victory. He said: "We're the kind of people who win wars
We're not sophisticated. But we know right from wrong." And
Esther Foltz, who has a grandson in the Gulf, said that: "We're
going to win this thing. And the world's going to be better."
Esther's right. Building a better world is an important
part of what the Coalition is all about. Last fall at the United
Nations, I described my vision of what this new partnership of
nations might look like. I called it a "partnership based on
consultation, co-operation, and collective action -- especially
through international organizations. A partnership united by
principle and the rule of law, and supported by an equitable
sharing of both cost and commitment. A partnership whose goals
are to increase democracy, increase prosperity, increase the
peace and reduce arms."
Looking back, that sounds like a pretty fair description of
the unprecedented partnership that's today standing up to the
aggression in the Gulf. Gone are the days when America was the
5
lone cop on the beat. Today the Coalition in the Gulf is a
cooperative and committed force freely supported by the world
community for the mutual protection of the global neighborhood.
It is backed by the contributions of 28 nations spanning five
continents -- 28 nations that have supplied both money and
manpower to see that this aggression is stopped.
But every coalition needs leadership. And whether today or
in the years to come, that leadership will come from the United
States of America.
The United States has always borne a major share -- not only
of costs -- but also of leadership. And that's how it should be.
History is moving decisively in America's favor -- thanks, in
large part, to American perseverance. The touchstones of the
modern world -- which the emerging democracies are now striving
for -- are free markets, free movement, free speech, and free
elections. America's lived by these tenets for over 200 years.
They have given us both our power and our purpose. And I can
assure you -- America, and the world -- that we have not come
through 215 years of history, fighting for freedom, only to back
down now.
Tonight, the world is united by shared commitments, shared
interests, shared hopes. Tonight, our efforts will determine the
kind of legacy we bequeath our children, the kind of world they
will live in. And so tonight, let us re-dedicate ourselves to
the ideals in which our troops so fiercely believe. Because our
goals will not be fully achieved until we live in a world where
6
every country is shaking hands -- and none are shaking fists. III
The road to real peace will be long and tough. But already
we've done more than just thwart the immediate aggression in the
Gulf -- we've helped lay a new foundation for long-term stability
down the road. Its elements include strengthening our Coalition
partners, reinforcing both regional cooperation and collective
security arrangements, and crafting a balanced role for U.S. and
Allied support in the region. The U.S. must be a healer and a
conciliator. Because in the final analysis, the Coalition will
be measured not by how we wage war -- but how we make peace.
And when this crisis is over, the opportunities ahead will
be truly historic. Iraq can be welcomed back into the community
of nations. And at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates
-- where civilization began -- civilization can begin anew. \\\
Tonight's dinner has special drama, not the least of which
is the fact that some members of the R.O.A. who usually attend
are on active duty with Desert Storm. From the moment they were
called up, our Reservists have demonstrated the unique skills of
the "citizen-soldier" -- and reminded us of the key role our
Reserve Forces play in our Nation's defense strategy. Reserve
volunteers were vital to the success of the early stages of
Desert Shield, especially in communications, airlift and medical
support. Today, over 60,000 Reservists stand with the forces of
the Coalition in the Gulf. And as we've seen this week in Desert
Storm -- our Reservists and National Guardsmen rank among the
finest fighter, attack and transport pilots on Earth!
7
The Reserves are doing their part. But I know that, at
times like this, every American wants to lend a hand, and asks:
"What can I do?"
Well, one possibility was suggested in a letter I received
from Ann Macker, a Navy nurse serving in the Persian Gulf tonight
aboard the U.S.N.S. Comfort. She wrote:
"There is something [every American] can do
Please stand
outside in the cold night air and search for that star. When you
find it -- and it will be there -- please pray for [us] and ask
the Good Lord to bring us home safely. "
And so, as you go to home tonight, look up at the night sky
and send a prayer eastward towards the morning sun -- across the
ocean and halfway across the world -- to the brave men and women
who carry with them our hopes, our dreams, and our love.
And let me say again to our troops what I said in my holiday
address: The sacrifices you make will never be forgotten.
America is behind you. The world is behind you. And history is
behind you. And when you come home -- and we hope and pray it's
soon -- you will be welcomed as what you are -- all-American
heroes. 1111 The world is watching. And the world is with you.
Thank you. Goodnight. And God bless the United States of
America.
#
#
#
McNally/Simon
Jan. 22, 1991
Draft Three (B:RESERVE)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: U.S. RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION
WASHINGTON HILTON
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 23, 1991
( (At ease!)) III Thank you, Gen. Bob Hope. And thank you,
each of you -- not for standing up to greet me --but for standing
up for the fighting men and women defending freedom tonight in
the Persian Gulf! III
I'm proud to be back here with the Reserve Officers
Association once again, and honored to be named the R.O.A.
"Minute Man of the Year." I was born in Massachusetts -- home of
the original Minute Man. But when we moved to Texas, I remember
one guy bragging to me about the heroes of the Alamo. He said:
"I bet you never had anybody so brave around Massachusetts."
So I asked him: "Ever hear of Paul Revere?"
And he said: "Paul Revere? Isn't that the guy who ran for
help?!"
Of course, Paul Revere didn't really run for help -- he rode
for freedom. And this month, far from home, America's best and
bravest once again took to the freedom trail.
This month marks a decisive moment in history -- a moment of
truth -- for this generation, for this nation, for this world.
We were patient. We were cautious. We were slow to anger.
But when the moment of truth came, America did the right thing.
The Coalition did the right thing. And our troops did it well.
We've come a long way -- as a Nation, and as a people --
since the days when despots could afford to take Americans
2
hostage, smug in the knowledge that nothing would be done.
But this time it was different.
We said that if allied troops were forced to liberate
Kuwait, we would do the job quickly, massively and decisively.
We said that if one American soldier had to go into battle,
he would have enough force behind him to win.
We said that the occupation of Kuwait would not stand.
And today in the Gulf, America is keeping her word.
Today in the Gulf, the liberation of Kuwait has begun.
Exactly one week ago, the battle was joined. Having refused
to face the cold hard facts, Saddam now faces cold hard steel.
It is a conflict we did not seek and did not begin. But ladies
and gentlemen -- it's one we do intend to finish. III
War is never cheap or easy. But there are times when truth
can't be ignored, when duty cannot be shirked. While the world
waited, Saddam Hussein sought to ravage an innocent neighbor,
acquire atomic weapons, cripple the world's economies, and derail
both the Coalition and its efforts for peace. Look at the past
week: While we've labored mightily to avoid civilian casualties,
Saddam has labored to inflict them -- raining ballistic missiles
upon innocent woman and children, And now -- in a barbarous
parade that violates every standard of civilized conduct -- the
brutality of the Iraqi regime is revealed in the bruised and
swollen faces of captured Allied pilots.
Well, it's not going to work. These outrages leave the
Coalition only more angry, more determined to prevail, and more
3
resolved to see that all those responsible are held to account.
Today, our goals are clear and have not changed: Kuwait
must be freed and restored. Iraq must comply with all relevant
U.N. resolutions. And the long-term stability and security of
the Gulf must be secured. And so, the liberation of Kuwait has
begun. It has marked a week of solemnity, yet pride -- pride in
duty, pride in country, and pride in the best-trained, best-
equipped, and best-educated fighting force ever assembled!
I think of Allied airmen like Capt. Paul Johnson, a
Tennessee farmer who shipped out for Saudi Arabia on Christmas
Day. Two days ago he led an eight-hour mission deep into the
Iraqi desert, helping rescue a missing pilot while fighting off
an enemy truck. And I think of Allied soldiers like Army 1st Lt.
Quinton McCorvey, a former strong safety for Alabama A & M who on
Monday scored the biggest interception of his life -- when his
Patriot anti-missile team knocked down a pair of Iraqi Scuds.
Those Scuds were headed for Allied airmen, and the
effectiveness of our men and materiel prove a point: I firmly
believe that the measured force of Operation Desert Storm has
already spared future suffering and saved the lives of untold
thousands of innocents.
I also know our fighting men and women are heartened by the
tremendous outpouring of support from the American people and the
Congress. Because when I said last week that this will not be
another Vietnam, I meant two things:
First -- that never again will our fighting men and women be
4
sent in to do a job with one hand tied behind their back. III
And second, just as important, never again will they be sent
in to do a job without the full backing of the folks back home.
Over the past week, the outpouring of patriotism, the
outpouring of love and faith and support for our troops from
Americans of all walks of life has been overwhelming. Maybe you
saw the comments from some of the folks in Abilene, Kansas --
hometown of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kevin Mickey told a reporter
he has no doubt that the U.S. action was necessary and will end
in victory. He said: "We're the kind of people who win wars
We're not sophisticated. But we know right from wrong." And
Esther Foltz, who has a grandson in the Gulf, said that: "We're
going to win this thing. And the world's going to be better."
Esther's right. Building a better world is an important
part of what the Coalition is all about. Last fall at the United
Nations, I described my vision of what this new partnership of
nations might look like. I called it a "partnership based on
consultation, co-operation, and collective action -- especially
through international organizations. A partnership united by
principle and the rule of law, and supported by an equitable
sharing of both cost and commitment. A partnership whose goals
are to increase democracy, increase prosperity, increase the
peace and reduce arms. "
Looking back, that sounds like a pretty fair description of
the unprecedented partnership that's today standing up to the
aggression in the Gulf. Gone are the days when America was the
5
lone cop on the beat. Today the Coalition in the Gulf is a
cooperative and committed force freely supported by the world
community for the mutual protection of the global neighborhood.
It is backed by the contributions of 28 nations spanning five
continents -- 28 nations that have supplied both money and
manpower to see that this aggression is stopped.
But every coalition needs leadership. And whether today or
in the years to come, that leadership will come from the United
States of America. III
The United States has always borne a major share -- not only
of costs -- but also of leadership. And that's how it should be.
History is moving decisively in America's favor -- thanks, in
large part, to American perseverance. The touchstones of the
modern world -- which the emerging democracies are now striving
for -- are free markets, free movement, free speech, and free
elections. America's lived by these tenets for over 200 years.
They have given us both our power and our purpose. And I can
assure you -- America, and the world -- that we have not come
through 215 years of history, fighting for freedom, only to back
down now.
Tonight, the world is united by shared commitments, shared
interests, shared hopes. Tonight, our efforts will determine the
kind of legacy we bequeath our children, the kind of world they
will live in. And so tonight, let us re-dedicate ourselves to
the ideals in which our troops so fiercely believe. Because our
goals will not be fully achieved until we live in a world where
6
every country is shaking hands -- and none are shaking fists. III
The road to real peace will be long and tough. But already
we've done more than just thwart the immediate aggression in the
Gulf -- we've helped lay a new foundation for long-term stability
down the road. Its elements include strengthening our Coalition
partners, reinforcing both regional cooperation and collective
security arrangements, and crafting a balanced role for U.S. and
Allied support in the region. The U.S. must be a healer and a
conciliator. Because in the final analysis, the Coalition will
be measured not by how we wage war -- but how we make peace.
And when this crisis is over, the opportunities ahead will
be truly historic. Iraq can be welcomed back into the community
of nations. And at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates
-- where civilization began -- civilization can begin anew. III
Tonight's dinner has special drama, not the least of which
is the fact that some members of the R.O.A. who usually attend
are on active duty with Desert Storm. From the moment they were
called up, our Reservists have demonstrated the unique skills of
the "citizen-soldier" -- and reminded us of the key role our
Reserve Forces play in our Nation's defense strategy. Reserve
volunteers were vital to the success of the early stages of
Desert Shield, especially in communications, airlift and medical
support. Today, over 60,000 Reservists stand with the forces of
the Coalition in the Gulf. And as we've seen this week in Desert
Storm -- our Reservists and National Guardsmen rank among the
finest fighter, attack and transport pilots on Earth!
7
The Reserves are doing their part. But I know that, at
times like this, every American wants to lend a hand, and asks:
"What can I do?"
Well, one possibility was suggested in a letter I received
from Ann Macker, a Navy nurse serving in the Persian Gulf tonight
aboard the U.S.N.S. Comfort. She wrote:
"There is something [every American] can do
Please stand
outside in the cold night air and search for that star. When you
find it -- and it will be there -- please pray for [us] and ask
the Good Lord to bring us home safely. "
And so, as you go to home tonight, look up at the night sky
and send a prayer eastward towards the morning sun -- across the
ocean and halfway across the world -- to the brave men and women
who carry with them our hopes, our dreams, and our love.
And let me say again to our troops what I said in my holiday
address: The sacrifices you make will never be forgotten.
America is behind you. The world is behind you. And history is
behind you. And when you come home -- and we hope and pray it's
soon -- you will be welcomed as what you are -- all-American
heroes. The world is watching. And the world is with you.
Thank you. Goodnight. And God bless the United States of
America.
#
#
#
165, 797 NATIONAL
GUARd
15% are in Gulf ReseRvist ANd
56, 000ANG CALL to
57, 000ARReNAtiONAL SeRvice
13,303 NR FOR DeseRt Shield
9,926 AFR
and STORM
6,247 ANG
22048 MCR
- Col, FINLAYSON
762 CBR
Asst to Asst. Sec. Def Steven Duncan
703-697-6631
62,000 National Grand
103,000 Reserves
DOD
aug. 22
source:
reserve
affairs
Operation Desert Shield
The application of U.S. military power in Operation Desert Shield has
involved all components of the Total Force. Because of the scope and
complexity of the operation and because the situation in Saudi Arabia is
changing so quickly, it is premature to draw broad conclusions. Certain
preliminary observations can, however, be made.
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff stated in December 3, 1990,
testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee that this has already been
one of the largest and most successful deployments in our nation's history.
The operation has provided the nation with the first large-scale practical test of
the Total Force Policy. Important lessons are being learned daily.
Two aircraft carrier battle groups established an initial U.S. presence in
the region. After the decision to send forces to Saudi Arabia, a brigade from
the 82nd Airborne Division and tactical air forces were quickly deployed, along
with components of two Marine Expeditionary Brigades and additional naval
forces. A rapid force buildup followed and, by the end of August,
region. approximately 100,000 soldiers, sailors, airmen, and Marines were in the
Reserve volunteers were vital to the success of the early stages of the
operation. During the first weeks of the deployment, thousands of reserve
volunteers performed critically important missions, such as airlift and tanker
support. By the sixth week, a combination of active, National Guard, and
reserve personnel had already moved by air as much material as was
transported during the entire Berlin Airlift--an operation that took place over a
period of 65 weeks. More personnel and equipment were moved in the first
conflict. three weeks of Desert Shield than in the first three months of the Korean
On August 22, 1990--only 20 days after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait--the
President signed an Executive Order authorizing the Secretary of Defense,
18
pursuant to Title 10, U.S. Code, Section 673b, to call members of the Selected
Reserve to active duty. This particular call-up authority had never before been
used. Two days later, the first call-up of specific National Guard and reserve
units was announced.
The deployment of active and reserve forces to Saudi Arabia has
continued at a rapid pace. By the end of 1990, it is expected that American
forces in theater will number approximately 326,000, including 276,000 active
personnel and 50,000 reserve personnel. The Secretary of Defense has
authorized the call-up of approximately 189,000 Selected Reservists.
Reservists are serving in Saudi Arabia in a wide range of support
functions, including communications, transportation, and medical care. Three
National Guard combat brigades have also been called to active duty and are
currently undergoing individual and unit training. The experience to date in
Desert Shield is consistent with the results of a test call-up of randomly
selected reserve units conducted in October 1987. The reserve personnel have
reported to active duty in a timely fashion, and the number of reservists who
have been declared "non-deployable" because of physical or other limiting
factors is comparable to that of active personnel. The motivation and initiative
that have been demonstrated by the reserve units has also mitigated many of
the obstacles encountered during the call-up.
The ongoing role that Reservists and National Guardsmen are playing in
Operation Desert Shield should not be overstated, but their numerous
contributions to date have been essential to the success of the operation. The
prompt integration of active, National Guard, and reserve forces into a
formidable "Desert Shield" is eloquent testimony to the capabilities of the
reserve forces generally, to the often unique skills and experience they bring to
the Total Force, and to the progress that has been made in recent years in
implementing the Total Force Policy. On December 3, 1990, the Chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff described the application of the Total Force Policy to
Desert Shield as follows:
To summarize, the success of the Guard and Reserve
participation in Desert Shield cannot be overemphasized.
Their participation has been a significant factor in affording
us flexibility and balance, and reinforces the policies and
decisions made over the last 10 years to strengthen the total
force concept.
Host nation support provided by Saudi Arabia has been important to the
sustainment of a U.S. presence in the region. The facilities and supplies made
available to U.S. forces by the Saudi government have reduced some of the
costs associated with the operation. For example, the Saudis are providing fuel
to U.S. forces at no charge. Other nations in the region are also providing
support to U.S. forces.
19
Civilian technicians and engineers are performing maintenance on
aircraft, missiles, radars, tanks, and helicopters at regional locations, just as
they do in the United States. The support they have provided extends to
facilities as well, including some Saudi airfields. DoD has also used
commercial aircraft provided through the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF)
program to support operations in Southwest Asia. Early in the operation, the
Commander of the U.S. Military Transportation Command ordered the
implementation of the first stage of the CRAF program, making 38 civilian
aircraft (almost all wide-bodied) available to DoD for moving passengers and
cargo.
McNally/Simon
Jan. 19, 1991
Draft Two (B:RESERVE)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: U.S. RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION
WASHINGTON HILTON
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 23, 1991
7:40
p.m.
( (At ease!) ) III Thank you, Curly [Gen. Evan Hultman]] actons
And thank you, each of you -- not for standing up to greet me --
but for standing up for the fighting men and women defending
freedom tonight in the Persian Gulf! III
I'm proud to be back here with the Reserve Officers
Association once again, and honored to be named the R.O.A.
"Minute Man of the Year." I was born in Massachusetts -- home of
the original Minute Man. But when we moved to Texas, I remember
one guy bragging to me about the heroes of the Alamo. He said:
"I bet you never had anybody so brave around Massachusetts."
So I asked him: "Ever hear of Paul Revere?"
And he said: "Paul Revere? Isn't that the guy who ran for
help?!" 1111
Of course, Paul Revere didn't really run for help -- he rode
for freedom. And this month, far from home, America's best and
bravest once again took to the freedom trail.
This month marks a critical moment in history -- a moment of
truth -- for this generation, for this nation, for this world.
We were patient. We were cautious. We were slow to anger.
But when the moment of truth came, America did the right thing.
The Coalition did the right thing. And our troops did it well.
We've come a long way -- as a Nation, and as a people --
since the days when despots could afford to take Americans
2
hostage, smug in the knowledge that nothing would be done.
But this time it was different.
We said that if allied troops were forced to liberate
Kuwait, we would do the job quickly, massively and decisively.
We said that if one American soldier had to go into battle,
he would have enough force behind him to win.
We said that the occupation of Kuwait would not stand.
And today in the Gulf, America is keeping her word. III
Today in the Gulf, the liberation of Kuwait has begun. III
Exactly one week ago, the battle was joined. Having refused
to face the cold hard facts, Saddam now faces cold hard steel.
It is a conflict we did not seek and did not begin. But ladies
and gentlemen -- it's one we do intend to finish. 111
Yes, the liberation of Kuwait has begun. It has marked a
proud day for every American -- and my proudest moment as
Commander-in-Chief -- of the best-trained, best-equipped, and
best-educated fighting force ever assembled!
III
I know our fighting men and women are heartened by the
tremendous outpouring of support from the American people and the
Congress. Because when I said last week that this will not be
another Vietnam, I meant two things:
First -- that never again will our fighting men and women be
sent in to do a job with one hand tied behind their back. III
And second, just as important, never again will they be sent
in to do a job without the full backing of the folks back home.
Over the past week, the outpouring of compassion, the
3
outpouring of love and faith and support for our troops from
Americans of all walks of life has been overwhelming. Maybe you
saw the comments from some of the folks in Abilene, Kansas --
WSJ
hometown of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kevin Mickey told a reporter
1-17-91
he has no doubt that the U.S. action was necessary and will end
i
A12
in victory. He said: "We're the kind of people who win wars
We' re not sophisticated. But we know right from wrong." And
Esther Foltz, who has a grandson in the Gulf, said that: "We're
going to win this thing. And the world's going to be better."
Esther's right. Building a better world is an important
part of what the Coalition is all about. Last fall at the United
V.N.
Nations, I described my vision of what this new partnership of
G.A.
nations might look like. I called it a "partnership based on
10-1-90
consultation, co-operation, and collective action -- especially
through international organizations. A partnership united by
principle and the rule of law, and supported by an equitable
sharing of both cost and commitment. A partnership whose goals
are to increase democracy, increase prosperity, increase the
peace and reduce arms."
Looking back, that sounds like a pretty fair description of
the unprecedented partnership that's today standing up to the
aggression in the Gulf. Gone are the days when America was the
lone cop on the beat. Today the Coalition in the Gulf is not so
much a global policeman as it is a neighborhood fire department
-- a volunteer fire department that's no longer willing to stand
idly by and watch the world's flash points burn out of control.
4
Today, the fire brigade in the Gulf is a cooperative and
committed force freely supported by the world community for the
mutual protection of the neighborhood. The volunteers come from
28 nations spanning five continents. Of an estimated $10 billion
in operating costs through 1990, an estimated $8 billion, or 80
percent, is being paid by countries other than the United States.
But even a volunteer fire department needs leadership. And
whether today or in the years to come, that leadership will come
from the United States of America. III
The United States has always borne a disproportionate share
-- not only of costs -- but also of leadership. And that's how
it should be. History is moving decisively in America's favor
--- thanks, in large part, to our own perseverance. The hall-
marks of the modern world -- which the emerging democracies are
now striving for -- are free markets, free movement, free speech,
and free elections. America's had all these things for over 200
years. They have given us both our power and our purpose. And I
can assure you -- America, and the world -- that we have not come
through 214 years of history, fighting for freedom, only to back
215
down now.
The United States is unique. Only the United States can
bear this responsibility. Not Europe, not the new Germany, not
the Soviet Union, not Japan. We come from every nation on Earth
-- citizens of the world -- tracing our roots to Italy and
Mexico, Germany and China, Western Africa and Southeast Asia. We
are the one nation on this Earth that can stand against the
5
forces of aggression, and for the forces of peace. Among the
nations of the world, only the United States has both this moral
standing and the means to back it up.
Tonight, the world is united by shared commitments, shared
interests, shared hopes. Tonight, our efforts will determine the
kind of legacy we bequeath our children, the kind of world they
will live in. And so tonight, let us re-dedicate ourselves to
the ideals in which our troops so fiercely believe. Because our
goals will not be fully achieved until we live in a world where
every country is shaking hands -- and none are shaking fists. III
And when this crisis is over, the opportunities ahead will
be truly historic. Iraq can be welcomed back into the community
of nations. And at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates
-- where civilization began -- civilization can begin anew. III
Tonight's dinner has special drama, not the least of which
is the fact that some of the members of the R.O.A. who usually
on
attend are an active duty with Desert Storm. From the moment
Expec.
Order
they were called up on August 22nd, our Reservists have
12727
demonstrated the unique skills of the "citizen-soldier" -- and
reminded us of the key role our Reserve Forces play in our
Statement
Nation's defense strategy. Reserve volunteers were vital to the
Resewe
success of the early stages of Desert Shield, especially in
affairs
communications, 000 airlift and medical support. Today, more than
100.
have called to active duty.
Finlayson
703-697-6631
50, 000 Reservists stand with the forces of the Coalition in the
Gulf. And as we've seen this week in Desert Storm -- our
ASD (RA)
Stephen
Reservists and National Guardsmen rank among the finest fighter,
Dunean
testimony 4-24-90
6
attack and transport pilots on Earth!
The Reserves are doing their part. But I know that, at
times like this, every American wants to lend a hand, and asks:
"What can I do?"
Well, one possibility was suggested in a letter I received
from Ann Macker, a Navy nurse serving in the Persian Gulf tonight
file
aboard the U.S.N.S. Comfort. She wrote:
"There is something [every American] can do
Please stand
outside in the cold night air and search for that star. When you
find it -- and it will be there -- please pray for [us] and ask
the Good Lord to bring us home safely. "
And so, as you go to home tonight, look up at the night sky
and send a prayer eastward towards the morning sun -- across the
ocean and halfway across the world -- to the brave men and women
who carry with them our hopes, our dreams, and our love.
christmas
And let me say again to our troops what I said in my holiday
address address: The sacrifices you make will never be forgotten.
Trops
America is behind you. The world is behind you. And history is
the
12-24-90 behind you. And when you come home -- and we hope and pray it's
soon -- you will be welcomed as what you are -- all-American
heroes. 1111
The world is watching. And the world is with you.
Thank you. Goodnight. And God bless the United States of
America.
#
#
#
A12
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL THURSDAY, JANUARY 17, 1991
POLITICS & POLICY
An Old Kansas Cow Town's Reflections on War
Mirror the Attitudes and Anxieties of the Nation
By DENNIS FARNEY
Riley, the home of the Army's First Infan-
of his friend Lloyd T. Cummings. He calls
staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
try Division-the famed Big Red One-is
Saddam Hussein "another Adolf Hitler"
ABILENE, Kan.-Step by step, as Inex-
less than 30 miles away. Many of its per-
orably as the march of history, Abilene re-
and believes the U.S. should "kick his
sonnel lived here and in surrounding Dick-
signed itself to the war that erupted last
pants off as fast as we can kick them
Inson County before the division was de-
night.
off."
ployed to Saudi Arabia. Thus, well over
Few here oppose the war-not in this
200 county residents-women and men-
Mrs. Knopp, the Red Cross official, says
conservative, Republican, porch-swing-out-
are in the desert now.
people often ask her, "Are we going over
front town that gave the nation President
In a kind of slow-motion slide toward
there for the oil, Linda?" She assures them
and Gen. Dwight D. Elsenhower. When a
the Inevitable, townspeople have been
that the U.S. has intervened for more noble
ministerial alliance held a prayer vigil
shaken by a succession of events over the
Tuesday night, It felt compelled to reas-
purposes, but finds It difficult to-under-
past five months.
sure people that the event wasn't an anti-
stand the Saudis' attitude toward their U.S.
For Mrs. Knopp, the Red Cross official,
war protest. That's the kind of place this
a moment of foreboding came when she
protectors. Her twin sister, Glenda Bacon,
Is.
an Air Force wife, is in Saudi Arabia and
Abilene went to war reluctantly, but
must wear the traditional black robe that
with a roll-up-the-sleeves sense of a dirty
job to be done.
"W
the kind of people
conceals almost all but her eyes. Out of
who win wars," says
deference to the Saudis, who don't eat
"It's frightening, but I think It's the
34-year-old Kevin Mickey.
pork, her brother-in-law Rick Bacon calls
right thing to do," Linda Knopp, executive
director of the Red Cross chapter here,
"We follow orders. We're not
himself "Major Rick," she says.
said last night after the news of the first
For all of that, she supports President
air raids on Baghdad. "This was the only
sophisticated, but we know
Bush, hopes the war will end quickly and
way."
right from wrong."
finds solace in her own deep religious con-
"You see history unfolding before your
victions. "Whatever happens, I truly be-
eyes," says native son Kevin Mickey, 34
watched 18-year-olds fill out wills at Fort
lieve It's in God's hands now," she says.
years old. "It's a very strange feeling.'
But Mr. Mickey says he has no doubt that
Riley. She watched a female soldier, her
As the final hours before the U.N. dead-
the U.S. action was necessary and will end
husband already in the Gulf, hand over
line ticked away Tuesday night, the Rev.
in victory. "We're the kind of people who
their two-month-old son to a grandmother
Balaban threw open his Trinity Lutheran
win wars," he says. "We follow orders.
before embarking herself. Then, she says,
Church to citizens of all faiths. They were
We're not sophisticated, but we know right
"I went home and cried."
somber, silent and sometimes crying. Ev-
from wrong."
"This is the scariest time I can remem-
ery half hour, they would pray together.
A Better World
ber," says Dave Bergmeier, the 28-year-
"Though war rise up against me, yet I will
Esther Foltz watched the president's
old managing editor of the Abilene Reflec-
be confident." "Hasten the day, oh God,
tor-Chronicle. "We can't stay over there
speech last night and pronounced it "won-
when peace will embrace the whole world,
derful." Though a grandson is in the Saudi
very long without a draft. That puts me in
when nation will not threaten nation."
Arabian desert, Mrs. Foltz nevertheless
an age group where I could get
I
drafted."
Eleven o'clock Eastern time came and
concludes: "There was nothing left to do
but this. We're going to win this thing, and
Though outright opposition Is muted,
went. Eleven thirty. Midnight. And as the
the world's going to be better.'
some genuine reservations-and even bit-
deadline passed, the people continued to
terness-are In the air. "There will be no
pray.
These attitudes echo throughout the
winners," says Jim Griffin, a farmer out-
country. But so, too, do the deep apprehen-
side town. "Only losers."
sions of residents here-"a haunting fear
of the unknown," as the Rev. Peter Bala-
Even before the war started, the regu-
ban put It in a prayer just before the
lars who gathered for their daily coffee at
United Nations deadline expired. And some
the Daylight Donuts shop on Third Street
of them will go to war without quite know-
debated the wisdom of defending allen cul-
ing why. There is a sense that this old cow
tures in a far-away region. The regulars,
town, which has made S0 much history, Is
having watched Cable News Network,
in the grip of history now, swept along by
knew all about terrible weapons of destruc-
forces that will affect it as surely as they
tion such as the fuel-air bomb. They knew
24-Hour EMER
about the latest statements of Saudi Ara-
affect far-off Iraq and Kuwait.
When Lucia Berry heard that the war
bian King Fahd ("Ol' King Fahd," they
had begun, "The panic just overwhelmed
call him familiarly). "I don't think that oll
me," she says. Not only does she coordi-
over there Is worth the people we've killed
nate a support group for families of mill-
already," says William J. Taylor, a sllm,
tary service members In the Gulf, but her
erect 75-year-old with, a bristling crew
cut.
own husband, Ellery, Is serving there too,
helping to retrieve and repair damaged
Crew Chief
tanks. "Sheer panic-that's what we're all
Like SO many here, Mr. Taylor knows
feeling now," she says. "I'm just in won-
war. As a World War II B-17 crew chief, he
derment. What can this lead to?"
remembers the mission from which one
And the Rev. Balaban frankly concedes
plane returned with two crewmen missing
that although he has urged his Lutheran
legs; one leg had been shot off below the
congregation to pray, VI'm not sure I can
tell them what to pray for.' Should they
knee, the other just above the knee. Per-
pray for a short but violent war, knowing
haps for that reason, he was especially im-
that some of their own loved ones may be
patient with those who urged bloody U.S.
killed in the process?
intervention. "I'll tell you what they should
"Maybe," he concludes in his study
do with the people who want to send 'em
here, "our best prayers are given in that
over there," he says angrily. "Take them
time of uncertainty, when we don't know
over to a Veterans Administration Hospi-
what to say.
tal."
Though half a world away, the war will
But Mr. Taylor is In the minority, and
profoundly touch this town of 6,500. Fort
he knows It. More typical is the comment
Preservation
RCV BY:WHITEHOUSE MAILROOM :12- 3-90 9:42AM
7034388112- OFFICE OF ADMIN;# 1
Barry Jon-
3 Dec 1990 are you
all planning
a Xmas
Shirley Freen (202-456-2461) we address
Since Christmas is jast CC: specchuriting Bob Simon
appraching this request is
semewhat urgent If you smg
have any questions or need
additional info my work
number is (703/438- 8000)
from 8:30 Am - / Pm.
Please let me know if
this request can be
handled Januably
Thank you
June Bandell
Ed - - Dry interest?
Let M know.
Barrie x2483
RCV BY:WHITEHOUSE MAILROOM :12- 3-90 ; 0:43AM ;
7034388112- OFFICE OF ADMIN:# 2
Everywhere
APO/FPO
U.S.A.
Everywhere
APO/FPO
U.S.A.
Operation Lifeline
P.O. Box 1434
Sterling, Virginia 22170
(703) 430-4341
3 December 1990
Dear Mr. President
We have one VERY IMPORTANT APPEAL to you. Attached, and
underlined, 1e a very simple but from-the-heart request from
Ann Macker, a nurse on board the USNS Comfort. Our appeal to
you is that you quote Ann's words in your televised Christmas
message to the American people.
As for us, we will honor her request and feel that this
Christmas Eve won't be as cold as Ann expects: not with the
fires of millions of hearts lit by prayers of peace offered
up to God.
Thank you for your help in getting Ann's request apread
across America.
Sincerely,
June The
Lee and Joyce Bandell
P. S. Ann is obviously bursting with pride about who she is
and what she's doing, BO we feel a personal phone call from
you and Mrs. Bush would be a terrific Christmas gift to Ann.
Please call her.
Ann is not a relative. We are related to her and the
others who are serving by a shared love for and pride in America.
Thank you in Ann's name
313 N. argonne ave.
Sterling 22170
Donated by the PRINTHOUSE EXPRESS of STERLING PARK
7034386112- OFFICE OF ADMIN:# 3
RCV BY:WHITEHOUSE MAILROOM :12- one 3-90 miserty : 9:43AM port in Bahrain where I had shore
back on the pier to take the liberty launch back to the ship. It
patrol duty. When my watch was completed my duty section mustered
was about 1800 and the USS LaSAlle was preparing to set the
evening colors. As I stood there on Bahrainian soil in my whites,
smartly saluting OUR flag, I was overcome by the strength of my
pride to be here protecting OUR country and OUR people and OUR
rights. It may be a long time before my feet touch American soil
again but when I do 1 don't think I'll be able to stop the
tears ) from falling. I'm going to stop here before I get too
mushy. I hope your Thanksgiving is wonderful. There 18 something
you can do for me. On Christmas Eve, Please stand outside in the
cold night air and search for that star. When you find it, (and it
will be there) please pray for me and ask The Good Lord to TIME
US home gafely. Remind Him how very much We love Him. May your
Holidays be full of Soy and Peace. Please write
again.
Your Friend,
Mack
Ann E. Macker
today
combat related ac
Force Maj. Gen. Burt
reporters
At least Iraqi
were shot down by U.
defense missiles ea
over Dhahran, on S.
eastern coast, and Riy
di capital, authorities
told news services.
[A Scud downed OVE
PHOTO ABOVE BY DAYNA SMITH-THE WASHINGTON POST; OTHER PHOTOS OFF IRAQI TV VIA REUTER
said to have crashed 0
"AMERICA Is ANGRY ABOUT THIS'
the outskirts of the c
juries were reported in
With those words, President Bush, above, condemned Iraq's "brutal parading" of
A Scud missile was
captured U.S. and allied pilots. Among those shown on Iraqi television were three
Arabia and fell into the
men identified as, from top right: Navy Lt. Jeffrey N. Zaun, Marine Lt. Col. Clifford
today near the port of
M. Acree and Marine Chief Warrant Officer Guy Hunter Jr. Story on Page A15.
Eastern Province: Mo
military still has not y
all of Iraq's fixed or
Downed Navy Flier Rescued in Iraq
launchers even thoug
are "aggressively purs
fort.
Air Force Pilots Describe Harrowing, 8-Hour Desert Operation
Iraq fired 10 Scud
Saudi Arabia late Sund
early this morning. Pat
1-22-91
By Guy Gugliotta
the wrong time," said Capt. Randy Goff, 26, of Jackson,
intercepted nine of the
WP
Washington Post Staff Writer
Ohio, the second A-10 rescue pilot. "We couldn't afford
to have him be there." Goff and Johnson attacked the
EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA, Jan. 21-Two U.S. Air
truck with 30-mm Gatling guns, setting it on fire.
Force jets led the rescue of a downed Navy flier in the
"Things are happening rapidly," explained Johnson.
Iraqi desert today, flying an eight-hour mission deep
7
"We have other things to worry about."
into hostile territory to search for the missing man and
The two pilots, assigned to the 354th Tactical Fight-
ensure his safe recovery.
er Wing, of Myrtle Beach, Fla., had to refuel in the air
A Sunday night
Two A-10 Thunderbolt attack planes guided a hel-
four times for'a mission that lasted 8 hours and 18
Post-ABC News poll
icopter that reached the downed pilot early in the af
minutes. Johnson said they spent perhaps half that time
three of four Americ
ternoon and flew him to safety in Saudi Arabia. The
flying over Iraq.
pilot was unhurt, Air Force authorities said. His name
port the U.S. led war
The rescue brought a welcome boost in morale to the
was not released, and details regarding how he was
354th, many of whose pilots spent this morning in the
Americans saw f
shot down were withheld.
"ready room" watching television clips of fellow airmen
time televised image
"He is rather pleased to be where he is tonight," said
being held prisoner in Iraq.
sonal cost of the Wa
Capt. Paul Johnson, 32, of Dresden, Tenn., the pilot
"These are the ones that really count," the wing's
POWs, some clearly
who led the rescue mission. "It was a rather indescrib-
commander, Col. Ervin C. Sharpe, 49, of Fort Lauder-
most appearing ur
able feeling to know that he was now on the helicopter,
dale, Fla., said later.
speaking on Iraqi tele
and we were coming out of enemy territory-that we
"The rescue really galvanized us, especially because
were about to pull this off."
of that," he added, pointing to a television set, where
U.S. military of
Minutes before the helicopter flew in to make the
videotapes of the U.S. prisoners in Iraq were being
been precise in de:
final pickup, a large Iraqi truck drove into the area, ap-
played.
number of missions
parently by coincidence, and headed along a dirt road
The videotapes showed three captured U.S. pilots
war planes have flov
straight for the rescue site.
denouncing the war against Iraq. At least one had a
"Unfortunately, the truck was in the wrong place at
See RESCUE, A18, Col. 3
Storie
INSIDE
Births Outside Marriage
2 Youths Die in D.C. Fire
Embattled Latvia Gi
U.S. births out of wedlock now
Two youths died in an apart-
exceed 25 percent, a level once
ment fire in Northwest Washing-
reinforced concrete ba:
seen as "an aberration" among
ton yesterday, and seven others
By David Remnick
Washington Post Foreign Service
looked like a fortified en
blacks.
Page A3
were injured.
Page C1
as helmeted Latvian polic
Key Trafficker Freed
RIGA, U.S.S.R., Jan. 21-The
tiamen wearing bullet-p:
Dost
Latvian parliament called today for
A Colombian judge has freed
and toting sub-machine
more volunteers to defend the Bal-
the first convict under new rules
positions at windows and
HEALTH
tic republic's nationalist govern-
in drug cases, jeopardizing U.S.
the hallways.
cooperation.
ment against further attacks by So-
Page A5
Later, film of the night
viet forces and demanded withdraw-
the ministry building run
King Is Remembered
At Georgetown University
al of "Black Beret" internal security
television showed a furiou
Medical School, a lawsuit over con-
troops who stormed the Latvian In-
Tributes yesterday to the
tle marked by the continu
tested research raises question of
Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
terior Ministry here Sunday night,
how well university scientists 7
of automatic weapons
leaving
entional war-
battalion gave Alfa battery the
omputers began
targets, because Bravo had fired more mis-
two for Bravo, one for Alfa.
siles. At 12:48 a.m. today, Bravo battery killed
The battery's soldiers-more than 100 in
two Scuds. The computer disdained the third:
for three kills. It was
all-donned full protective clothing, including
"They can shoot all the Scuds they want into
battery which got the Patriots' first kill in
gas masks, to guard against a chemical war-
the water," DeAntona said.
of the Iraqi research
as five megawatts, the
han one megawatt.
lese small reactors were
t the time of the bomb-
Downed Navy Pilot Is Rescued From Iraqi Desert
the IAEA said was un-
ven if the reactors took
RESCUE, From A1
north, radioing ahead to arrange in-flight refu-
The helicopter was coming, an escape route had
he amount of radiation
eling and advise helicopters in the area to be
been planned, yet another refueling was assured,
the atmosphere would
badly bruised face, and all spoke shakily with
alert for a pickup. After two refuelings and two
and the lost pilot was ready to make a break for
small that it posed no
stilted language and frequent pauses.
hours in flight, "we built our plan," Johnson said.
safety. At that point, the Iraqi truck drove up.
one outside the site of
"It puts a jab in your gut," said Capt. Pete Ed-
Air Force spokesmen explained that the Navy
"It was just a coincidence that he showed up
perts said.
gar, 28, of Littleton, N.H., an A-10 pilot. "It
pilot had ejected after his plane was hit by ground
when he did," Johnson said. "We couldn't afford
le a direct hit on an
doesn't make you feel that great about what is
fire and had parachuted into a vast, featureless
to have him be there; we could not allow him to
ctor, that would be
going on up there, but I would hope he [Iraqi
expanse of Iraqi desert. In such circumstances, the
be there." The truck approached within 200
cause some radiation
President Saddam Hussein] would treat them
spokesmen explained, a downed pilot has flares,
it would be much
yards of the rescue site, and, Johnson said,
under the Geneva Conventions."
smoke grenades and a small radio to help him com-
e 1986 explosion in
"looked to be driving toward my survivor."
Rescue for the one pilot who escaped Iraqi
municate with would-be rescuers.
ctor at] Chernobyl
The two A-10s swooped to the attack, firing
capture began shortly before 8 a.m. (midnight
much less fuel in-
Johnson said it wasn't until midday that the
armor-piercing bullets from the Gatling guns
EST) today, when Johnson and Goff got the call
two A-10 pilots, who had picked up the downed
mounted in the noses of the aircraft: "I made two
usen.
for help. The two were assigned "sandy alert"
nan Hans-Friedrich
flier's radio signal, finally located the general
passes and Paul made one," Goff said. "We
duty for the fighter wing. "Sandy" is Vietnam-era
orters that fuel el-
area where his plane was believed to have gone
couldn't take the risk."
slang referring to planes delegated for search
down. Then came the painstaking process of lin-
The truck shivered to a stop, trailing black
wo reactors were
and rescue duty.
ing up a rescue helicopter and bringing it deep
smoke and flames. The helicopter came in for
of water, which
For the two A-10s-stubby, little green jets
into hostile territory. The idea, said Johnson, is
the pickup, and the two A-10s caught a brief
mized the release
known as "warthogs" or "tank killers"-it seemed
addition, he said,
to get "all the key players in place," then "go in
glimpse of the pilot as he broke from cover to
an unlikely mission. The plane, which is able to
hese reactors are
and pick up the survivor with minimum risk."
join his rescuer.
earth wall" for
carry a menu of ordnance including cluster bombs
To oversee the job, Johnson and Goff had to fly
Then came the laborious trip south back to
and depleted-uranium bullets that can kill every-
over the pilot, never actually seeing him but talk-
Saudi Arabia: "The adrenalin was pumping for
ease of radiation
one inside a tank with a single shot, is a deadly
ing with him to get his help in arranging the
two hours after the pickup," Johnson said. "It's
the fuel is,"
hunter, a purely offensive aircraft.
most economical and least dangerous rescue pos-
still pumping now."
5 in the [reac-
But Johnson said he and Goff were among sev-
sible. It was, Goff said, a nail-biting job.
Even happier, apparently, was the downed
ave a direct hit,
eral A-10 pilots trained specifically in search and
"Basically my heart was pumping pretty quick-
pilot. Johnson said he didn't know exactly where
ntamination on
rescue operations, able to handle different kinds
ly," Goff said. "It is really exciting, the fact that
the survivor had been taken, but was sure he was
uch small facil-
of aircraft from different services in a coordinat-
you think the guy is going to get rescued. My
safe: "There's been a telephone message, I un-
mmercial plant
ed, complex and often dangerous operation.
mind was just rushing."
derstand. It's pretty much unprintable, but yes,
d to the site."
The pair scrambled into the air and headed
By midday, Goff said, everything was in place.
he's real pleased."
unts Leave Many Gaps About Progress of Battle
.S. military
"If I took every report and
"We would like a little bit more
Less positive information about
"The whole structure is inher-
ly said the
counted a kill on every report I re-
time to be able to measure what the
the war's progress has emerged
ently manipulative. We have no
" for bomb-
ceived, the Iraqi air force would
success in that deliverance has
from closed briefings for legislators
independent access," said an
vas 80 per-
have been eliminated a long time
been," he said. "We are satisfied
conducted by U.S. military and in-
American radio reporter. "Tech-
say which
ago," McConnell said on Saturday.
with the progress we're making
telligence officials yesterday and
nically, I can be thrown out of this
it.
"My responsibility is to sort that out
within the parameters we have to
last Friday, including low estimates
country for talking to an American
press ac-
piece by piece."
measure that progress."
of confirmed kills of Iraqi aircraft
serviceman
"success
One source briefed on the Pen-
No U.S. military official has dis-
and Scud missile launchers. and
in fixing a
tagon's "bomb damage assessment"
closed what "parameters" the clas-
damage
eat prog-
reports after the first day of fight-
sified battle plan incorporates
feat Sad-
ing said the initial air missions had
determine
achieved an average of 50
II as the
of
Concerned Scientists.
5
If successful, the Patriot will intercept the enemy
more significant gain would
missile or aircraft and destroy it in the air.
to destroy any prototype
SOURCES: Jane's Missle Systems; Modern Land Combat; Advanced Technology Warfare
Complied by James Schwartz and Evelyn Richards; graphic by Johnstone Quinan-The Washington Post
plant."
entrifuge uranium enrich-
ant, uranium mixed with
heated to a gaseous form
n through hundreds of
Patriot Battery Teams Vie for Air Superiority
ntrifuges to separate the
iranium 238 to be used in
rom the more stable nat-
By Guy Gugliotta
1-22-91
history, knocking down a Scud on Friday, the
fare attack, and scrambled to underground
WP
Washington Post Staff Writer
second day of Operation Desert Storm.
bunkers. In the battery's nerve center,
im 235.
"They're leading 4-2," said Bravo battery
McCorvey, Lynn and Phillips monitored com-
cently, there was no ev-
EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA, Jan. 21-For
commander Capt. Joe DeAntona, 26, of Scran-
puter screens, checked equipment and waited
I had access to uranium
Army 1st Lt. Quinton McCorvey, who once
ton, Pa.. "We shared them last night. There's
for the shot. To an outsider, DeAntona said,
c, as the mixture is
played strong safety for Alabama A&M, it was
some good-natured rivalry but basically we're
"It looks like organized chaos, but it's very
available on the open
the biggest interception of his life.
good friends."
organized."
11 European suppliers, but
"Actually," he said, "I knocked it down."
The air-base Patriots have a perfect record
At 9:45 p.m., the Bravo battery Patriot
yone would sell it to Iraq
Actually, it was two "its." Late Sunday
against Scuds, but the system is not flawless.
launchers nicknamed "Iron Maiden" and "Scud
restionable," said Daniel
night, McCorvey, 28, of Pensacola, Fla., and
In an attack early today, one of four Scuds
Buster" fired two missiles. Alfa battery fired
vice president of New
his Patriot battery mates Sgt. Jeffrey Lynn,
shot down at the Saudi Arabian capital of Ri-
at the third Scud. All three scored hits. Two
Corp., a uranium bro-
28, of Smithfield, N.C., and Pfc. Ted Phillips,
yadh apparently exploded near an airport,
took a bit longer to reach their targets so two
28, of Wichita, Kan., shot down two Iraqi Scud
causing some craters and damage, press re-
other insurance shots were fired, a calculation
to Spector, however,
missiles over a large air base in eastern Saudi
ports said.
the computer makes "in a split second," Neel
'aris magazine recently
Arabia.
"Certainly our heartfelt wishes went out to
said.
at appeared to be a
"I'm a former athlete, so I've definitely been
them, but we have confidence in the systems
"Until the adrenalin hit, I felt pretty calm
ited article saying Iraq
on some highs, but last night took me quite
down there," said McCorvey, who like most
and collected," Phillips said. When the Scud
di the ability to make
afluoride at a phos-
high," McCorvey said. "This is a culmination of
Patriot battery members tempers exultation
went down, he added, he felt "pretty shaky."
with the knowledge that more Scuds may be
There were high fives, exhilaration, "the
all the hard work."
ing plant at al-Qaim.
fired at any time.
whole nine yards," DeAntona said, but only for
erious enough, and
In all, the Second Battalion of the Seventh
Bravo battery picked up a single Scud mis-
a moment. After that, he added, "It was, 'let's
h detail in the story,
Air Defense Artillery, the Patriot antimissile
sile on its radar around 9:30 p.m. (1:30 p.m.
get ready for the next one."
know more," he said.
missiles that guard the air base, intercepted
EST) Sunday, according to an account by the
They waited almost three hours before
based IAEA said yes-
and destroyed five incoming Scuds in two at-
soldiers. Seconds later, it detected two more.
their radars picked up another trio of incoming
e attacks on Iraq's
tacks Sunday night and this morning. A sev-
Tracking began. immediately, the lights went
Scuds, all of which carried conventional war-
ibly did not create
enth Scud was what battalion commander Lt.
out, alarms were sounded, fire control radars
heads. The battalion gave Alfa battery the
exposure hazard, an
Col. Leroy Neel called a "fly-by," falling harm-
locked on and the Patriot computers began
targets, because Bravo had fired more mis-
nerally shared by
lessly into the Persian Gulf.
selecting targets; two for Bravo, one for Alfa.
siles. At 12:48 a.m. today, Bravo battery killed
dists.
Besides McCorvey's Bravo battery iteam,
The battery's soldiers-more than 100 in
two Scuds. The computer disdained the third:
al nuclear power
Alfa Battery got credit for three kills. It was
all-donned full protective clothing, including
"They can shoot all the Scuds they want into
800 to 1,000 mega-
Alfa battery which got the Patriots' first kill in
gas masks, to guard against a chemical war-
the water," DeAntona said.
ity. The rated ca-
the Iraqi research
e megawatts, the
e megawatt.
nall reactors were
time of the bomb-
Downed Navy Pilot Is Rescued From Iraqi Desert
EA said was un-
the reactors took
RESCUE, From A1
north, radioing ahead to arrange in-flight refu-
The helicopter was coming, an escape route had
resnt of radiation
eling and advise helicopters in the area to be
been planned, yet another refueling was assured,
tmosphere would
badly bruised face, and all spoke shakily with
alert for a pickup. After two refuelings and two
and the lost pilot was ready to make a break for
that it posed no
stilted language and frequent pauses.
hours in flight, "we built our plan," Johnson said.
safety. At that point, the Iraqi truck drove up.
utside the site of
"It puts a jab in your gut," said Capt. Pete Ed-
Air Force spokesmen explained that the Navy
"It was just a coincidence that
said.
gar, 28, of Littleton, N.H., an A-10 pilot. "It
pilot had ejected after his plane was hit by ground
when
direct hit on an
doesn't make you feel that great about what is
fire and had parachuted into
that would be
going on up there, but I would hope he [Iraqi
some radiation
President Saddam Husseinl
ould be much
January 22, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR ED McNALLY
FROM:
BOB SIMON PS
SUBJECT:
USAF CAPT. PAUL JOHNSON
I talked to the brother of Capt. Johnson (the A-10 pilot who led
the rescue of the Navy pilot). Johnson is the youngest of 4
children. His brother is a minister, as was his father (now
deceased). His mother is in Africa, serving as a medical
missionary. He has a wife Trish, and three children: Chris, 9,
Eric, 4, and a two-month old baby. The family, originally from
Dresden, TN (pop. 2500) now lives in Myrtle Beach, SC
Capt. Johnson left for duty in Saudi Arabia on Christmas day,
after a family reunion, (including his mother, home from Africa.)
He has been in the AF about 5 years. Prior to that, he was a
farmer. His father was not a veteran, but his uncle was one of
the soldiers rescued by Patton's army during the Battle of the
Bulge.
Contact
David Johnson
901-352-2106 w
352-5410 h
January 22, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR ED McNALLY
FROM:
BOB SIMON
SUBJECT:
DESERT STORM HEROES
I received the following info from the Joint Chiefs Public
Affairs.
Major Larry McCaskill, 43, an A-10 attack pilot in the Air Force
Reserve, found three heavily camoflaged mobile Scud missiles and
destroyed them. Low on fuel, he guided other planes to the area
which destroyed four more Scuds. McCaskill, a Vietnam vet, is
also a veterinarian in civilian life. McCaskill arrived in
country 1/8/91.
Minute Man of the Year
The Reserve Officers Association's "Minute Man of the Year" is our
most prestigious award. The Congressional Hall of Honor in ROA's
Headquarters contains the Hall of Fame and is a tribute to those
famous Americans who are recipients of the "Minute Man of the
Year.
"
The Hall especially honors the signatory of ROA's
Congressional Charter, Harry S Truman. President Truman was an
early ROA leader, a dedicated reserve officer and a forceful
Commander-in-Chief who epitomizes the true Minuteman. In this
tradition, ROA honors President Truman, the previous Minutemen of
the Year, and the 1991 Minuteman of the Year, President George
Bush.
1958 BRIGADIER GENERAL DAVID SARNOFF
THE HONORABLE RICHARD B. RUSSELL
COLONEL BRYCE N. HARLOW
THE HONORABLE HUGH M. MILTON, II
THE HONORABLE CARL VINSON
THE HONORABLE DENNIS CHAVEZ (posthumously)
THE HONORABLE MARGARET CHASE SMITH
THE HONORABLE L. MENDEL RIVERS
THE HONORABLE JOHN C. STENNIS
THE HONORABLE ROBERT L. F. SIKES
THE HONORABLE F. EDWARD HEBERT
FRANCIS CARDINAL SPELLMAN (posthumously)
THE HONORABLE JOHN W. McCORMACK
THE HONORABLE MELVIN L. LAIRD
THE HONORABLE STROM THURMOND
THE HONORABLE CARL ALBERT
THE HONORABLE HENRY M. (SCOOP) JACKSON
THE HONORABLE GEORGE H. MAHON
PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD
THE HONORABLE JOHN L. McCLELLAN
THE HONORABLE BOB WILSON
THE HONORABLE CHARLES E. BENNETT
THE HONORABLE MILTON R. YOUNG
THE HONORABLE SAMUEL S. STRATTON
THE HONORABLE JOHN GOODWIN TOWER
THE HONORABLE G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY
PRESIDENT RONALD W. REAGAN
THE HONORABLE SAM NUNN
THE HONORABLE WILLIAM L. DICKINSON
THE HONORABLE TED STEVENS
THE HONORABLE WILLIAM V. CHAPPELL, JR.
THE HONORABLE CASPAR W. WEINBERGER
THE HONORABLE JOHN W. WARNER
THE HONORABLE ROBERT C. BYRD
PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH
RESERVE OFFICERS
Reserve Officers Association of the United States
*
The Professional Association Representing All Officers
NATIONAL
SECURITY
9 January 1991
Mr. Bob Simon
Room 111, OEOB
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Bob:
As per our discussion, the following materials are submitted for
informational input to President Bush's appearance and speech to
the Reserve Officers Association of the United States on Wednesday,
January 23, 1991.
1.
News Release of ROA Mid-Winter Meeting
2.
ROA Background
3.
Minute Man of the Year Editorial
4.
President's note to Hultman
5.
ROA Charter from Congress
6.
ROA Minute Man of the Year - 1983; material from The
Officer
7.
List of ROA Minute Men of the Year
8.
Issues supported by ROA such as AWACS sale to Saudi
Arabia
9.
Invitation to President Bush and response
10. Editorial - Call-up and the Future - Editorial Sept. 1990
11. Total Force Policy Editorial Feb. 1991 The Officer
12. CIOR materials
13. Miscellaneous editorials, National Security Reports, and
Officer magazine
14. ROA STORY
15. Reserve Forces Review Feb. 1991 bluelines
This material should provide speech writers with a wealth of
"occasion" information; I stand ready to be of any further
assistance and plan to meet with White House advance and Secret
Service people in the next few days. I stand available for any
follow through needed.
We look forward to a momentous event.
Sincerely,
"Burly"
Evan L. Hultman
Major General, AUS (Ret.)
Executive Director
ELH/gw
Army
Navy
Air Force
Marine Corps
Coast Guard
Public Health Service
NOAA
One Constitution Avenue, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002-5624
Telephone: (202) 479-2200
About ROA
The Capitol Hill-based ROA was founded on October 2, 1922 during an
organizational meeting of several hundred reserve officers at the Willard
Hotel in Washington, D.C. The action was the idea of General of the
Armies John J. Pershing, then Army Chief of Staff, who felt the need to
be prepared in the event of future mobilization of the country's defenses.
General Pershing spoke at the meeting of the requirement for an
organization to assure "that never shall our untrained boys be compelled
to serve our country on the battlefield under leadership of new officers
with practically no conception of their duties and responsibilities."
From this meeting came the founding of the Reserve Officers Association
of the United States. Its mission was to be spelled out in its
Congressional Charter approved 28 years later when an early member,
Harry S Truman, signed it as President of the United States: "The
object of the association shall be to support a military policy for the
United States that will provide adequate National Security and to
promote the development and execution thereof."
From its modern 5-story Minute Man Memorial Building in Washington,
D.C., across from the United States Capitol and Senate office buildings,
ROA works continually in the cause of national security, confident that
the way to lasting peace is a strong national defense.
The association includes 115,000 members, commissioned officers of
all branches of the uniformed services, reserve, regular, and retired.
1991
EDITORIALS
Minute Man of the Year
t is fitting that ROA's Minute Man of the Year
to repeat it, philosophized Hegel in the year 1832.
I
be President George Bush. As the leader of the
Our President understands that.
free world, he has demonstrated the same will-
He refused to close his eyes to the sudden threat
ingness to oppose tyranny as the original Minute
to world peace and stability when Iraq invaded
Man for whom this award is named.
Kuwait. Instead of letting a dictator swallow a small
As Commander in Chief of the armed forces, he
helpless country with impunity, the President re-
also has shown the world that those who believe
acted with decisiveness and courage to halt the naked
the United States to be a paper tiger have made a
aggression. The President's action has sent a mes-
serious miscalculation.
sage not only to Saddam Hussein but also to all
He was confronted with a situation last year in
would-be aggressors that the United States has the
the Persian Gulf not unlike the one British Prime
power to oppose illegal expansionism-and the will
Minister Neville Cham-
to use it.
berlain faced in Europe
Because of George
during the late 1930s.
Bush's courage, the last
Every soul living
decade of the 20th Cen-
through Chamberlain's
tury holds the potential
"peace in our times" folly
of a stable world where
has asked: "What if?
despots will not be free
What if the Prime Minis-
to prey on less powerful
ter had the fortitude to
neighbors.
'just say no?" But he
Thanks to the events in
and his government
Eastern Europe during
practiced deliberate
the first two years of the
appeasement.
Bush presidency, the
Hitler wanted leben-
Soviet Union is not there
sraum for his people. He
to counter every move
had already reincorpo-
the United States makes.
rated the Saar (1935),
Indeed, the Soviet Union
occupied the Rhineland
is supportive.
(1936), and annexed
President Bush, who used his authority to activate Guard and Reserve Forces
The Saddam Husseins
Austria (1938) before he
in the wake of the Persian Gulf crisis, is commended for his decision by Maj.
of the world need to
Gen. Robert C. Hope, USAR, President, ROA, and Maj. Gen. Evan L. Hultman,
met with Chamberlain in
AUS (Ret.), Executive Director, ROA.
realize that the deadly
Munich later the same
game has changed. And
year. The outcome of that meeting sanctioned Nazi
the United States has a Commander in Chief who
dismemberment of a smaller nation-Czechoslovakia.
recognizes that acts of aggression, if left unchecked,
Goose-step by goose-step, Hitler kicked indeci-
are the real threats to world peace, today, just like
sive allies out of "his" domain. It was not until
they were five decades ago.
September 1939, following the invasion of Poland,
or his courage, his decisiveness, and his world
that Britain and France declared war on Germany.
That war-World War II-cost the world more than
F
view, we salute President Bush and are proud
to name him our ROA Minute Man of the Year.
45 million lives.
What if Hitler's march had been halted earlier?
What if Saddam Hussein is stopped-and forced
back-now?
The object and purpose of the Reserve
The parallels between the two aggressors are re-
Officers Association shall be to support
markable-the build-up of forces, the annexation
a military policy for the United States
of weaker neighbors, the elimination of opposition
that will provide adequate national
within the countries, and the well-oiled propaganda
security and to promote the
machines.
development and execution thereof.
Those that do not appreciate history are doomed
From Public Law 595-81st Congress
Approved 30 June 1950
6 The Officer January 1991
4,
Y
THE WHITE HOUSE
Jane 5,1991
WASHINGTON
Carp Dand
Dear Curly,
May thanks for
the Signed copy at
"OHicer" The
picture on the cover
once again prompts
we to thank you and
all the other for the
stead fort support
Sincerly, Go Bel
Charter from the Congress
TO THE
RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION
OF THE UNITED STATES
(EXCERPTS OF PUBLIC LAW 595, 81ST CONGRESS)
An Act
TO INCORPORATE THE RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES
e it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
(e) In conducting the official business of any department or chap-
B
of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
ter each active member of such department or chapter shall have
That (there is) hereby created a body corporate by the
one vote.
name of Reserve Officers Association of the United States,
and by such shall be known, and have perpetual succession and
the powers, limitations and restrictions contained in this Act.
SEC. 10. The corporation, and its members and officers as such,
shall not contribute to or otherwise support or assist any political
party or candidate for elective public office.
Sec. 3 The object and purpose of the corporation shall be to
support military policy for the United States that will provide
adequate national security and to promote the development and
SEC. 15. (a) The financial transactions shall be audited annually by
execution thereof.
an independent certified public accountant in accordance with
the principles and procedures applicable to commercial
SEC. 4 The corporation shall have perpetual succession and
corporate transactions.
...
power
(b) A report of such audit shall be made by the corporation to the
Congress not later than January 15 of each year
SEC 7. (a) The governing body of the corporation shall be national
executive committee consisting of the president, the last past
president, three vice presidents, three junior vice presidents, three
national executive committeemen, and the executive director.
SEC. 16. The national headquarters of the corporation shall be
located in the District of Columbia.
(b) The national officers of the corporation shall be elected at an
annual national convention and shall hold office for one year or
****
until their successors have been duly elected and qualified, except
the executive director, the national treasurer, and the national
SEC. 18. The corporation and its subordinate departmental
public relations officer, who shall be appointed by the national
subdivisions and local chapters shall have the sole and exclusive
executive committee.
right to have, and to use in carrying out its object and purpose, the
name of "Reserve Officers Association of the United States" and such
seals, emblems, and badges as to the corporation may lawfully adopt.
SEC. 19. The right to alter, amend or repeal this Act is hereby
expressly reserved.
PUBLIC LAW 595-81ST CONGRESS
APPROVED JUNE 30, 1950
CHAPTER 431-2ND SESSION
(HR-5002)
alber W.Barkley
SPEAKER Dawkeyburn OF THE HOUSE
PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
***
RESERVE
OFFICERS
THE
UNITED
STATES
####
ROA's Declaration of Principles
Peace Through Strength
"The object of the Association shall be to support a military policy for the
United States that will provide adequate National Security and to promote the
development and execution thereof." - PL 595, 81st Congress
Principles
The Association believes that national strength is insurance against future wars and is essential to the pursuit of
policies of interest to our country and its allies.
The Association believes that our ability to influence international affairs and secure peace can be best assured by
credible, powerful, modern, well-trained and well-equipped armed forces; organized, maintained and deployed as a
Total Force. The Total Force should include:
(a) A highly trained and well-equipped Regular Army and Reserve
Component, maintained in an advanced state of readiness.
(b) A Navy trained and equipped to conduct prompt and sustained air,
surface, and sub-surface combat at sea; a Marine Corps similarly
provided to conduct land-sea combat operations; a Coast Guard
equipped ready to enforce maritime safety and security in peace and
wartime; and Reserve Components of these forces sufficiently trained
and equipped to augment active forces.
(c) Highly trained regular and Reserve Air Forces, equipped to maintain
air superiority, provide tactical support for ground forces, destroy
strategic targets anywhere in the world and provide required airlift.
The Association believes that the Total Force should be supported by:
(a ) Research to provide the knowledge and technology required for
national security; the development of material necessary to meet any
military threat; and the industrial base required to maintain, mobilize
and deploy military forces and sustain them in combat.
(b) A well integrated intelligence system capable of producing timely
and accurate information relating to national security.
(c) A military health care system capable of meeting the Total Force
wartime medical requirements.
(d) A civil defense capable of adequately protecting the nation's material
and human resources and sustaining the will to fight.
The Association believes that the armed services should be deployed as a Total Force in response to a clear and
present threat to our national security and only after the military objectives have been established: that citizen
soldier participation will help to preclude open-ended and wasteful military commitments in which the objective has
not been clearly defined.
The Association further believes that it is the duty and obligation of all Americans to urge Congress to make
national security a reality, to adopt legislation that will ensure the Reserve Component can perform its share of the
Total Force mission, and to appropriate adequate funds for the foregoing.
Vice President George Bush addressed National Council
men bers at the Mid-Winter Banquet. Audience included civilian
and military leaders of nation.
Mid-Winter One
To Remember
1983
D
elegates to the Salt Lake City Convention may receive
Departments, Chapters and individual members will have
proposals to raise dues by more than half and to remove
new incentives to get and keep new members if recommen-
or
the Executive Committee from the National Council and re-
dations of the National Council are adopted by the 1983 Con-
fo
strict its policy powers. Both actions would result from rec-
vention at Salt Lake City. Adopting an Executive Commit-
Ha
ommendations by the National Council at its 1983 Mid-
tee recommendation for a dues increase from the present
Winter Meeting. However, the Constitution & By-Laws Com-
$16 to $25, with corresponding increases in multi-year and
mittee may or may not present them to the Convention.
life member rates, the council further recommended that
About 2,000 members of the Reserve Officers Associa
the Department-Chapter 30 per cent share of the first year's
to
tion, the Reserve Officers Association Ladies Clubs and
dues of any member obtained by national headquarters be
to
ROTC students participated in four days of wide-ranging
held until the member renewed his or her membership and
CI
meetings at the Washington Hilton, 20-23 February. The
be then paid along with the 30 per cent share of the renewal
OV
Mid-Winter event was climaxed by the award of the Minute
dues.
wl
Man of the Year Award to President Ronald Reagan at the
Membership has been on a plateau for many months; in
tic
formal banquet 23 February- banquet which drew the larg-
fact, at 125,333 in January, was 845 under the 126,178 peak
ad
est head table in ROA's history. President Reagan was un-
of November 1982, the chairman of the Membership Com-
able to attend, his award being accepted by Vice President
mittee, Lt. Col. Nathan A. Allen, Jr., USAR (Ret.), reported.
a
George Bush and a special message from the President be-
It was pointed out that the majority of members are now
eo
ing videotaped for the banquet. The following afternoon,
recruited through headquarters mail solicitation. This is so
Sp
President Reagan personally received ROA's, National Presi-
costly that ROA does not recover outlays connected with
dent, the three Service Vice Presidents and the Executive
such a new membership until the middle of the third year.
th
Director at the White House.
The dues increase is necessary, said Capt. James F. Han-
Three days of general sessions of the council began
nagan, USNR, if ROA is not to curtail many essential ser-
ec
21 February with presentations by a senator and two repre-
vices. The chairman of the Budget and Finance Committee
pc
sentatives and ended 23 February with adoption of the
said headquarters already has effected many economies but
tic
smallest number of resolutions ever-15, of which eight
they have been offset by inflation, by reduced investment
Da
were updatings and re-enactments of expiring mandates.
income and by a smaller than projected membership growth.
in
In between, the council under the new format adopted at
The increase to $16 voted in 1980, he reminded, was for less
pr
the 1982 Convention received and questioned reports of of-
than the $20 which had been recommended. The $10 dues
CO
ficers and standing committees and four of its own study
of 1967, council members were told, would now be $33 if
groups. It also received a background of U.S. involvement
they had been increased at the same rate as the cost-of-
an
in Vietnam from the former Army commander there, Gen.
living.
US
William C. Westmoreland, USA (Ret.)
Capt. Bennett S. Sparks, USCGR, President of ROA, said
ter
Meetings and luncheons of the three service sections and
salaries would be increased only four per cent. Hiring of an
or
of ROAL, meetings of many committees and special pro-
additional legislative aide and an additional staff worker in
WC
grams for the 150 ROTC midshipmen and cadet guests
field operations recommended by him had to be rejected
filled out the four days of business and social activities.
by the Executive Committee, Captain Sparks said.
28 The Officer April 1983
7.
PREVIOUS RECIPIENTS OF ROA'S ANNUAL
MINUTE MAN OF THE YEAR AWARD
19 57 PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN
58
BRIGADIER GENERAL DAVID SARNOFF
59
THE HONORABLE BRYCE N. HARLOW
60
THE HONORABLE HUGH M. MILTON, II
61
THE HONORABLE CARL VINSON
62
THE HONORABLE DENNIS CHAVEZ (posthumously)
63 THE HONORABLE MARGARET CHASE SMITH
64 THE HONORABLE L. MENDEL RIVERS
65 THE HONORABLE JOHN C. STENNIS
66 THE HONORABLE ROBERT L. F. SIKES
67 THE HONORABLE F. EDWARD HEBERT
68 FRANCIS CARDINAL SPELLMAN (posthumously)
69 THE HONORABLE JOHN W. McCORMACK
70 THE HONORABLE MELVIN L. LAIRD
71 THE HONORABLE STROM THURMOND
72 THE HONORABLE CARL ALBERT
73 THE HONORABLE HENRY M. (SCOOP) JACKSON
74 THE HONORABLE GEORGE H. MAHON
75 PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD
16 THE HONORABLE JOHN L. McCLELLAN
77 THE HONORABLE BOB WILSON
78 THE HONORABLE CHARLES E. BENNETT
79 THE HONORABLE MILTON R. YOUNG
80 THE HONORABLE SAMUEL S. STRATTON
81
THE HONORABLE JOHN GOODWIN TOWER
82
THE HONORABLE G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY
83 PRESIDENT RONALD W. REAGAN
84
THE HONORABLE SAM NUNN
85 THE HONORABLE WILLIAM L. DICKINSON
86
THE HONORABLE TED STEVENS
87
THE HONORABLE WILLIAM V. CHAPPELL, JR.
88
THE HONORABLE CASPAR W. WEINBERGER
89
THE HONORABLE JOHN W. WARNER
1990
THE HONORABLE ROBERT C. BYRD
ISSUES SUPPORTED BY ROA
The Reserve Officers Association (ROA) has actively supported the
following issues of interest to the Reagan-Bush Administrations:
- AWACS sale to Saudi Arabia
- Production of binary chemical weapons to replace unsafe,
obsolescent chemical weapons
- Aid to the CONTRAS
- SDI development and deployment
- Opposed restrictions to President's ability to conduct
covert activity (proposed 48 notification requirement)
- Use of President's authority to activate Reservists under
673b, US Code
- Use of any means to force Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait
ROA's strong lobbying in the
Senate turned around the crucial
votes.
STATES
OFFICE
RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES
I CONSTITUTION AVENUE NORTHEAST
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20002
(202) 479-2200
EVAN 1. HULTMAN
MAJOR GENERAL AUS (REE)
11 September 1990
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
President George Bush
The White House
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
Your leadership as our Commander-in-Chief both inspires and rededicates in each
of us the true spirit of patriotism. God Bless You.
Each year our Association selects one distinguished American leader in national security
affairs to be honored as ROA Minute Man of the Year. We wish to confer this honor
on you during our annual Mid-Winter Conference at the Washington Hilton Hotel on
21-23 January 1991. Following your induction as Minute Man of the Year at our gala
banquet the evening of 23 January, WC would be further honored to have you use this
occasion to speak to the nation on a critical issue. [Please let me note that this occasion
comes a few days prior to your State of the Union message.]
ROA has long been deeply appreciative of your distinguished leadership on behalf of
a strong, consistent, and responsible national defense. We admire your sturdy
commitment to reserve readiness and national strength, not only in your present
leadership role as President, but in the beginning of your service as a reserve officer.
Indeed, your entire career has been and is one of service to our nation - a true Minute
Man.
As you well know, our Association's unique Congressional Charter tasks us to promote
a military policy for the United States that will provide adequate national security.
You will help us carry out this responsibility by once again sharing your views with
our National Conference. We expect in excess of 2500 members to attend this meeting,
and shall, of course, attract national media coverage, particulary in view of your
presence.
We hope you will honor us with your presence, as have three of your distinguished
predecessors, including Harry Truman, Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan.
We George- are indeed proud
With every personal good wish,
to be an your team-
"Curly"
and honored that you
Evan L. Hultman
Major General, AUS (Ret.)
are are of us!
Executive Director
EDITORIALS
Call-up and the Future
he call-up of military Reserve units by President Bush
Gulf where they are being joined by the military of our allies.
T
in the wake of the Middle East crisis underscores the in-
ROA's Executive Committee, meeting in Washington, D.C.,
tent of the Total Force Policy: that in any contingency
during this anxious period, praised President Bush's response
planning, the Reserve Forces must be considered equally along
to Iraqi aggression, "especially for his considered use of his
with the Active Force.
authority to call up the required Reserve Component units and
With us now for almost two decades, the Total Force Policy
individual mobilization augmentees." A special resolution
evolved from a concept in the mind of Secretary of Defense
adopted by the Executive Committee termed the President's
Melvin Laird in 1973 to universal implementation under Sec-
action "decisive and justified."
retary of Defense Richard Cheney today.
It is noteworthy that a special Executive Committee Resolu-
The road between stages has not always been smooth in
tion passed in 1981 supported the sale of AWAC aircraft to the
normal times; in recent times other factors have had their
Saudis. Today this sale has been applauded as a significant reason
impact.
why Iraq could not launch a surprise attack against Saudi Arabia.
For example, in last month's editorial, we discussed the en-
President Reagan credited ROA's support almost a decade ago
hanced role that the Reserve Forces will be
as the catalyst that made congressional ap-
playing in the future defense posture of our
proval of the sale a reality.
nation because it is the prudent and
Here's what the President of ROA (Maj.
economical thing to do during these times
Gen. Evan L. Hultman, USAR), said at the
of fiscal constraints and the changing world
time:
situation. Fiscal constraints then were pre-
"The decision to support the Administra-
cipitated by the combination of a budget
tion decision to sell the Saudi air defense
deficit and peace emerging in the Eastern
enhancement package is consistent with
Bloc. Now, with American military forces
ROA's charter to support adequate national
in position in the Middle East, President
security in a number of ways. Clearly, the
Bush stated that he "will not send our forces
sale of this equipment will improve the
into battle with less than the best we can
Saudis' ability to defend themselves. The
provide
sale will also help restore US credibility as
We also discussed the need to assure
a reliable security partner in the region.
military planners that Reserve units and in-
Third, it will help us meet some of our own
dividuals will be "accessible" voluntarily or
military needs in the Gulf area (by providing
involuntarily, when they are needed. While
an early warning air defense network.)
supporting the use of the current authority
Fourth, the equipment would provide an
by the President to call up 200,000, we also
extensive logistics base and support in-
urged Congress in hearings this past spring
frastructure which is fully compatible with
to supplement the law with authority for the
the equipment that would be deployed with
Secretary of Defense to involuntarily call up a smaller number
US forces to that region. And finally, such a commitment to
of Reserve units and/or individuals.
Saudi'Arabia would provide a positive foundation for more ex-
The events in the Middle East of the past few weeks have once
tensive US-Saudi security cooperation in the future."
again shown that the Total Force Policy works. There are refine-
Just as the wisdom of that Executive Committee's resolution
ments that must be made, bowever. Again, as in Grenada and
has been established so will the one passed this August.
Panama, Reserve units and individuals were utilized from Day
One. Many teamwork-oriented individual volunteers who
resident Bush is showing great leadership during this trial
stepped forward from cohesive units found themselves in a
P
by the tyrant, Suddam Hussein. This is an unexpectedly
"task organization" comprised of skilled but untried teammates.
perfect time for the President to take the next step to
We are now in the midst of a military build-up overseas, the
solidify our Total Force Policy and future doctrine. The
magnitude of which the United States has not experienced since
American public understands the need to restructure our de-
Vietnam. Moreover, the surge of might to the Middle East sur-
fenses to provide maximum strength at the lowest cost. The
passes the speed of troop deployment in Southeast Asia. As the
American public will support bringing the required Reserve
Commander in Chief knows, the Active Forces opposing Iraq
Component units and individuals onto active duty for this crisis.
can only be sustained by the Reserve Forces. But they must be
used as they were designed if they are to reach their maximum
potential. They must be employed as whole units whose per-
The object and purpose of the Reserve Officers
sonnel have trained together for years. As units, they are an in-
Association shall be to support a military policy for
the United States that will provide adequate national
tegral part of the Total Force. Unit integrity is as critical in the
security and to promote the development and
Reserve Forces as it is in the Active Forces.
execution thereof.
"We'll do whatever it takes to complete their mission," Presi-
From Public Law 595-81st Congress
dent Bush said on 20 August, referring to our forces in the
Approved 30 June 1950
10 The Officer September 1990
EDITORIALS
Purpose and Direction
persistent theme at all of the congressional com-
A
mittee hearings on the Department of Defense
budget this spring has been that Congress expects
the Reserve Forces to carry a bigger share of the defense
burden in the future. With a general perception of reduced
Soviet threat in Europe and increased warning time for
mobilization, there is increasing pressure to shift missions
and responsibilities to the less costly but capable Reserve
Components. Last fall, Congress directed the Secretary
of Defense to conduct a Total Force Study of Total Force
policy, force mix, and military force structure.
Led by Maj. Gen. Evan L. Hultman, AUS (Ret.), Executive Director, ROA, members
ROA was a strong advocate for the requirement to con-
of the National staff look for clear purpose and direction from congressionally
duct this study, emphasizing the necessity to manage the
mandated study by DoD. From left are: General Hultman, Lt. Col. James C.
transition wisely. In our 1989 congressional testimony,
Rodenberg, USAF (Ret.), Legislative Counsel; RAdm. Bennett S. Sparks, USCGR
ROA warned: "If budget and political pressures are allowed
(Ret.), Deputy Director; Cdr. William E. Legg, USNR (Ret.), Director, Naval Af-
fairs; and Col. David G. Palmer, USAF (Ret.), Director, Air Force Affairs.
to drive force and mission changes without careful
analysis and planning, readiness will unnecessarily be
degraded and resources will be wasted."
The development of a cost-effective mix of forces
The final report of the study by the Secretary of
requires recognition of the following facts:
Defense must be submitted to Congress by 31 December
(1) Force mix policy, but not necessarily force mix
1990. Recognizing this, the Conference Report for the
ratio should be consistent within DoD.
Department of Defense FY90 Appropriations Bill stated
(2) Some missions are most appropriate for Active
that any Guard or Reserve force structure reductions based
Forces, some are most appropriate for Reserve Forces,
solely upon budgetary considerations should be held in
but many can be accomplished by either.
abeyance pending the completion of the DoD study. Un-
(3) Reserve Force units are less expensive than similar
fortunately, that guidance has not been heeded.
Active units, but the cost advantage varies significantly
Witness after witness for the Department of Defense
dependent upon the type of unit and the tempo of op-
has defended proposed cuts in Guard and Reserve force
erations. Significant savings also accrue because many
structure in the FY91 DoD budget based on the premise
Reservists have received their initial skill training in the
that the mandate to reduce the force should be "shared."
Active Component, and the support costs of Reservists
Conversely, many in Congress feel that we should design
and their dependents are markedly less than for active-
the most efficient and effective military force we can
duty personnel.
afford and move deliberately to create such a force.
The desire for a "peace dividend" has produced an
Among the matters to be considered in the Total Force
unusual but powerful convergence of opinion on both
Study, Congress included "the optimal structure of mil-
sides of the political aisle in the Congress. Additionally,
itary forces required to meet the threat
"
President Bush stated in March that greater reliance on
ROA has expressed its concern to the Pentagon and the
Reserve Forces is an alternative that we must thoroughly
Congress that reductions in the Reserve Forces are being
explore.
programmed prior to the completion of the study, despite
he old cliche of a "come as you are war" no longer
congressional guidance to the contrary. We have also
stressed that the study group should not concentrate on
T
holds true. A national policy that relies more on
Reserve Forces is in the best interest of the nation.
"policy" matters while side-stepping the tough issues of
However, the Department of Defense cannot proceed
identifying the threat and recommending an optimal force
properly without clear purpose and direction. We urge
mix and force structure within projected budget resources.
the Secretary of Defense to produce a study that fulfills
At a recent colloquium of former senior government
congressional intent and provides that purpose and
officials and national commentators on Total Force issues,
direction.
conducted by the DoD study group, ROA offered the
following views as suggested guidelines for the study:
Our nation's future military force structure must be
based upon an updated threat analysis.
The object and purpose of the Reserve
Fiscal pressures require that the military force struc-
Officers Association shall be to support a
ture be only large enough to counter the projected threat
military policy for the United States
while accepting a prudent risk.
Efficiency demands that the military force structure
that will provide adequate national security
include the most cost-effective mix of Active and Reserve
and to promote the development and
Forces.
execution thereof.
8 The Officer May 1990
TORIAL
Total Force Policy
S this annual Reserve Forces Review issue of The
no draft, the Reserves are the only resource available to
A
Officer goes to press, the United Nations' deadline
quickly expand our military forces in a national emer-
of 15 January for Iraq to pull out of Kuwait loomed
gency," the association said in a "Statement of Principles
in our minds. Whatever the outcome, the response of US
for National Security" published in 1974. (With the Cold
Reserve Forces to the nation's call, by all historic mea-
War over and immediate interest in drawing down the
sures, has been a resounding success.
Active military, how prophetic the statement was in light
When President Bush made the decision to recall sub-
of the Persian Gulf crisis.) Continuing: "We must act
stantial elements of the Guard and Reserve to active duty
decisively to strengthen our Reserve Forces
to
a
for Operation Desert Shield, he
state of readiness that will permit
demonstrated his faith in the Total
prompt deployment in the event of
Force Policy. In contingency plan-
mobilization."
ning, the policy states, equal em-
Through ROA's continued ad-
phasis must be given to Guard and
vocacy before the Congress, at the
Reserve Forces along with the Active
EXECUTIVE ORDER 12727
White House, and in the Pentagon,
Force.
our Reserve Forces have received the
ORDERING THE SELECTED RESERVE OF THE
While we in the Reserve Officers
ARMED FORCESTO ACTIVE DUTY
improved manning, training, and
Association nurtured the development
By the pullerity veried in me " President by the Constitution and the laws of the
equipment. No one can deny that
of that policy, a thread of doubt
Haded ideales of America. including recluses 121 and 6736 of Litle 10 of the United
(dates Emie. hereby determine that it is necessary in augment the active
Guard and Reserve units are in the
regarding the capability and avail-
laters of the United State
al missions in and
around the Arabian 1'.
position)
thereiy. hopeby
arena and ready to fight. By and large,
authorize the Secretary
respect in
ability of Reservists lingered in the
the Coast Guard when the
HAVE to mater in active
UNLY
Department of the
it is evident-even to the most casual
signed writt, of
minds of some. The question-invari-
the Calegied
8A
civilian watching mobilization scenes
ably raised through the years and
The codes " intended as
- of the executive
luanch. and " not intended to create any right of havefit, substantive of procedural.
throughout the nation in the news
even as late as Operation Just Cause
at law by party against the United States, ate agencies. sts affrees. of any
media-that the policy worked. It
in Panama-persisted among mem-
The shall Im published in the Fulred Regular and rensulted proceptly to the
Congress.
employed the Reserve Forces as the
bers of the Active Force: "Will Reserv-
initial and primary augmentation of
ists be called when we need them?"
ay Bush
the Active Force. Volunteers, in toto,
President Bush answered that with
THE warre HOUSE,
who comprise the Reserve Force, and
a stroke of the pen (inset). That is
August 22, 1990.
volunteers, in toto, who comprise the
why the Commander in Chief-our
Active Force, are integrated in defend-
ROA Minute Man of the Year-was
ing national interests.
given the authority by Congress to call up to 200,000
And to entrenched skeptics everywhere, it should be
members of the Reserve Forces -short of a declaration
noted: Reserve Forces mustered quickly and deployed
of war or national emergency.
with but few hitches. In fact, substantial numbers of
While there always have been ways to utilize volunteer
Guard and Reserve members were in the Persian Gulf
Reservists in support of Active Force missions, the pres-
before the President issued his call.
idential summons of the Reserve Forces was necessary
Among the many who share in the success of the Total
for the success of Operation Desert Shield.
Force Policy are those who wear no uniform, carry no
This activation of the Reserve Forces marks the first
arms, fire no weapons. They are the families of our
time that citizen soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, and
Reserve Force men and women who have left, temporar-
Coast Guardsmen, were ordered to active duty under this
ily, their communities, but as in times past draw strength
authority (Sections 12 and 673b of Title 10, US Code).
from hearth and home.
This is what Total Force is all about.
The potential of the legendary Minute Men always had
ur belief in the Total Force Policy does not end
been there. They had served well, for more than 200
O
with Operation Desert Shield. The time is now
years. Fresh emphasis on the Reserve Forces brought im-
to strengthen a proven policy for the future con-
proved manning, more modern equipment, and upgraded
tingencies of the 1990s and beyond.
training. Until this concept, which perforce became a
policy, the Reserves of the military were often an after-
thought-somewhere deep in the recesses of Active
The object and purpose of the Reserve
Force minds. Afterward, they became a
Officers Association shall be to support
forethought-somewhere in the first wave.
ROA has supported the Total Force Policy from its in-
a military policy for the United States
ception. We called the concept of Total Force "a doc-
that will provide adequate national
trine fundamental to our national heritage," following
security and to promote the
the Vietnam Conflict. "With a shrinking Active Force and
development and execution thereof.
February 1991
12-
C.I.O.R.
CONFEDERATION INTERALLIEE DES OFFICIERS DE RESERVE
INTERALLIED CONFEDERATION OF RESERVE OFFICERS
member ASSOCIATION
* SOCIATION OFFICERS *
RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES
1 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N. E. WASHINGTON, D. C. 20002-5624
(202) 479-2200
CIOR UPDATE
SUBJECT: U.S. Presidency of CIOR
1. The United States assumes the International Presidency of CIOR
for a two-year period, 1992 - 1994. Major General Roger W.
Sandler, USAR and Rear Admiral Bennett S. Sparks, USCGR will be the
President and Secretary General respectively. The last U.S.
president was Major General James E. Frank, AUS in 1974 - 1976.
2. The Reserve Officers Association of the United States will
host the CIOR Congress, 1 - 7 August 1993 in Washington, DC.
Attending this major international event will be over 1,000 reserve
officers, Chiefs of Reserve, and other dignitaries from all
countries of the North Atlantic Alliance with representation also
from Central and Eastern Europe.
Deliberations will address the future role of the Reserves and
defense and security issues pertinent to the Reserves in member
countries of the Alliance.
Evan L. Hultman
Major General, AUS (Ret.)
Executive Director, ROA
C.I.O.R.
CIOMR
INTERALLIED CONFEDERATION OF RESERVE OFFICERS
C.I.O.M.R.
CIOR
INTERALLIED CONFEDERATION OF MEDICAL RESERVE OFFICERS
MEMBER ASSOCIATION
RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES
A CONTRIBUTION TO VIGILANCE
AIMS
BACKGROUND
CIOR, the abbreviated title of the organization, is derived
From 1935 to the outbreak of World War II, there were nu-
from the full name in French, «Confédération Interalliée des Offi-
merous contacts and visits made between the Reserve Officers
ciers de Réserve.» CIOR is a nonpolitical, nongovernmental,
Associations of Belgium, France and The Netherlands. These
nonprofit organization dedicated to cooperation between the na-
contacts were reactivated in 1946, and in November 1948 these
tional Reserve Officers Associations of NATO countries and to
three associations held their first congress in Brussels, Belgium
strengthening the basic solidarity within the Atlantic Alliance.
and formally founded CIOR. Observers from the national asso-
ciations of Canada, Luxembourg, the United Kingdom and the
CIOR's principal objectives are as follows:
United States were also present at that time. Thus, CIOR pre-
dates NATO which was established in April 1949 at Washington,
- To contribute to the strengthening of the deterrent and
D.C.
defense capabilities of NATO and its signatory countries.
In later years, other NATO Reserve Officers Associations
- To support the policies of NATO and to assist in the
joined beginning with Luxembourg in 1952 and followed by Den-
achievement of its objectives.
mark - 1956, Greece - 1957, the United States - 1958, Italy
- To maintain close contact with all NATO military authori-
- 1960, Germany - 1961, the United Kingdom - 1963, Canada
ties and commands in order to increase the deterrent and de-
- 1964 and Norway - 1966. Four NATO countries, Iceland, Por-
fense capacities of these organizations.
tugal, Spain and Turkey, are not members of CIOR. Iceland has
no armed forces and, therefore, no Reserve Officers. In other
- To establish and develop international contacts between
instances, countries may not have Reserve Officers Associa-
Reserve Officers in order to improve mutual knowledge and un-
tions or associations that represent all Services which is a mem-
derstanding.
bership requirement. Portuguese and Turkish observers, how-
ever, did attend the Executive Committee's mid-winter
- - To maintain, through the individual country associations,
conference in 1969.
close liaison with appropriate national defense organizations.
What began as an association between three contiguous
- To develop uniformity in the duties, rights, training and
European nations in 1948 now covers an area from the Mediter-
mobilization of Reserve Officers within NATO while respecting
ranean Sea to the Pacific Ocean and fosters the defense inter-
national differences and traditions.
ests of over 600 million people. More has been accomplished
over the past 36 years, however, than simply the acquisition
of additional members. The foundations built in earlier days
have, in more recent years, led to greater recognition in NATO
circles of the value of CIOR in relation to the indispensable role
that Reserve Forces command in NATO's defense plans.
RELATIONS WITH NATO
COMMISSIONS
Through the years, CIOR has received advice and assis-
Although the number of commissions has varied since
tance from NATO. An official in the NATO Information Service
CIOR was founded, there are currently six permanent commis-
of the Political Division provides formal political contact on behalf
sions. They are concerned with specific functional areas and
of the Secretary General. In 1976, the Military Committee,
work on behalf of the Executive Committee. Guidance is pro-
NATO's highest military authority, approved document MC 248
vided directly from the President. The Executive Committee can
thereby regulating cooperation on military matters. CIOR then
also appoint special commissions for ad hoc tasks. Each na-
appointed a permanent representative to the Military Committee
tional delegation is required to appoint at least one member to
and a CIOR office has been installed and manned in the Interna-
each commission. All commissions have a Chairman, a Vice
tional Military Staff. Most recently, in 1983, a Reserve Forces
Chairman and a Secretary and these offices are held for a period
Advisor to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe was assign-
of two years.
ed at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE).
His principal duties include liaison with CIOR.
Commission 1 - Status of the Reserve Officer, Mobilization,
Education, Training and Exchanges.
Members of CIOR now attend courses in a variety of nation-
al and international schools. The NATO Orientation Course for
Commission 2 - Psychological Defense.
Reserve Officers was initiated at the NATO School (SHAPE)
in Oberammergau, Germany in 1977. The following year wit-
Commission 3 - Policy, Planning, Recruiting and Public
nessed the establishment of the biennial NATO Reserve Officers
Relations.
Course (NAROC) at the NATO Defense College in Rome, Italy.
CIOR seminars and symposia, especially designed for junior Re-
Commission 4 - Legal Affairs.
serve Officers, have also been organized at NATO headquarters
Commission 5 - Civil Defense and Emergency Planning.
in Brussels, Belgium.
Commission 6 - Military Competitions.
It is clear that since the CIOR Strasbourg Congress of 1952
instructed the Executive Committee to establish permanent rela-
tions with NATO, much has been accomplished in expanding
CIOMR
CIOR's «Contribution to Vigilance».
ORGANIZATION
CIOMR, the Confédération Interalliée des Officiers Médi-
caux de Réserve, was established in Brussels in 1947 as the
official organization of medical officers in NATO's Reserve
Individual country Reserve Officers Associations form the
heart of CIOR, but remain completely independent in national
Forces. Originally founded by Belgium, France and The
Netherlands, the Confederation now includes all CIOR member
operations. They elect from among their members delegates to
countries. Its aims are to:
CIOR and the head of each delegation is a Vice President of
CIOR. The CIOR international President and Secretary General
- Establish close professional relations with the medical
serve for two years and are members of the same national asso-
doctors and services of the Reserve Forces within the Alliance.
ciation.
- Study and discuss issues of importance to the medical
The Executive Committee, the highest authority in the
Reserve Officer to include medico-military training.
Confederation, is composed of the President, the Secretary
General, the Vice Presidents and up to four other delegates from
- Promote an effective collaboration with the medical ser-
each national association. The Vice Presidents cast a single vote
vices of the active forces.
or their entire delegation. The Executive Committee is the forum
which decides which country will assume the Presidency, where
- Generate maximum support in the study of medical prob-
ongresses will be held, what projects will be assumed by the
lems affecting the morale of the troops.
arious commissions and the final actions to be taken on these
rojects.
CIOR recognizes CIOMR as an associated organization.
CIOMR holds its statutory sessions at the same time and place
as the CIOR summer congress and mid-winter conference, but
ACTIVITIES
prepares a separate agenda for the discussion of medical mat-
ters.
In order to accomplish its objectives, CIOR meets on an
nnual basis alternating the venue among the member coun-
NATIONAL RESERVE
es.
The annual congress, lasting five days, is held in July or
FORCES COMMITTEE
ugust. The host country association is entirely responsible for
lanning and administering all the details of the congress. During
An initiative was taken at the XXXI Congress, held in Bonn,
is time, the military competition, consisting of military orien-
Germany in 1978, to establish a National Reserve Forces Com-
ering, marksmanship (rifle, pistol and submachine gun), obsta-
mittee (NRFC) composed of the Chiefs of the national Reserve
e course and utility swimming, is conducted.
Forces. The Chairman of the NRFC is always the same nation-
ality as that of the CIOR President. CIOR and the NRFC study
The mid-winter conference for members of the Executive
issues of mutual concern individually and then discuss them
ommittee and the Commissions is held at NATO Headquarters
jointly at the regularly scheduled meetings. Although the NRFC
Brussels, usually during the last week of January.
was first assembled in 1981, cooperation and the exchange of
information is certain to grow in future years after this Committee
has
C.I.O.R.
CONFEDERATION INTERALLIEE DES OFFICIERS DE RESERVE
INTERALLIED CONFEDERATION OF RESERVE OFFICERS
OFFICERS
MEMBER ASSOCIATION
RESERVE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES
1 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N. E. WASHINGTON, D. C. 20002-5624
(202) 479-2200
FACT SHEET
Subject:
CIOR - Interallied Confederation of Reserve Officers
1.
CIOR represents over 800,000 Reserve Officers of the North
Atlantic Alliance.
2.
ROA represents Reserve Officers of all services and is the
entity which presents the United States as one of the 12
member nations (including France) of CIOR.
3.
NATO formally recognizes CIOR and NATO document MC 248
regulates cooperation with CIOR on Reserve Military matters.
CIOR has a permanent representative to the NATO Military
Committee and a CIOR office exists on the International
Military Staff.
4.
CIOR's principal objectives are:
-
To contribute to strengthening the deterrent and
defense capabilities of NATO.
-
To support the policies of NATO and the
achievement of its objectives.
-
To establish and develop international contacts
among Reserve Officers to improve mutual
knowledge and understanding.
5.
Activities:
CIOR holds an Annual Congress, alternating
the venue among the member countries. The 5-day congress is
held in July or August. During the Congress, a military
competition for NATO Reserve Officers is organized
consisting of military orienteering, marksmanship (rifle,
pistol and submachine gun), obstacle course and utility
swimming.
An annual winter meeting is held at NATO Headquarters for
members of the CIOR Executive Committee and Commissions.
6.
To accomplish its NATO mission, CIOR is organized into an
Executive Commission and 6 working Commissions:
Commission 1 - Reserve Mobilization, Education,
Training and Exchanges.
Commission 2 - Defense Issues and Attitudes
Commission 3 - Policy and Public Relations.
Commission 4 - Legal Affairs
Commission 5 - Civil Defense and Emergency Planning.
Commission 6 - Military Competitions.
7.
CIOMR is the official organization of medical Reserve
Officers of NATO and meets in conjunction with CIOR. CIOMR
establishes professional relations among medical doctors and
services of Reserve Forces of the Alliance. CIOMR conducts
a scientific program of medical studies for treatment of
battlefield, war related injuries and other medical matters.